THE UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO MAGAZINEDECEMBERThe Ideal GiftFor Christmas, for NewYear's, for Ground-hogDay or the Fourth of Julyis a set ofSpode Platesin soft grey or an old blue,with twelve differentUniversity views.$15.00 a dozen, delivery prepaid in the United. States.Order from the .ALUMNI COUNCILUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOTHIS HAM NEEDSNO PARBOILINGit's Swift's Premium and it's Ovenized!HERE IS A DELICIOUSWAY TO SERVE IT!Bake Swift's PremiumThis Easy Way:Place a whole or half Swift'sPremium Ham in a roaster. Add 2cups of water, and cover the roaster.Bake in a slow oven (325°), allowingabout 21 minutes a pound for a largewhole ham; about 25 minutes a poundfor smaller (up to 12 lb.) hams orhalf hams. When ham is dope, remove from oven. Lift off rind. Scoresurface and dot with cloves; rub withmixture of H cup brown sugar andI tbsp. flour. Brown, uncovered, for20 minutes in a hot oven (400°).For a festive touch, try basting theham — while it browns — with meltedcurrant jelly.Apple SurpriseCore and halve apples and boiluntil red in syrup made with cinnamon drops. Pile apples with saucemade with cranberries and drainedcrushed pineapple. Serve in parsleynests. Swift's Premium Ham needs no pre-cooking. Instead, it comes to you ready to bake, or to slice andcook in your favorite way with no parboiling. Itsaves you time and effort and assures you of tender,juicy ham, rich, sweet, and full-flavored.Ovenizing, Swift's own method of smoking hamin ovens, makes this possible. First the famousmild Premium cure, then this special way of smoking. . . and the result is a ham far superior in flavor andmuch, much easier to prepare. Why not try one thisweek-end? Just be sure to ask for Swift's PremiumHam. No other kind is Ovenized.SWIFT d> COMPANY . GENERAL OFFICES . CHICAGOTHE UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO MAGAZINEPUBLISHED BY THE ALUMNI COUNCILCharlton T. Beck, '04 Ruth C. E. Earnshaw, '31Editor and Business Manager Associate EditorFred B. Millett, PhD '31, William V. Morgenstern, '20, JD '22, John P. Howe, '27Contributing EditorsMilton E. Robinson, Jr., '11, JD '13, Ethel Preston, '08, AM '10, PhD1 '20, Elizabeth Faulkner, '85Council Committee on PublicationsIN THIS ISSUECAREY CRONEIS, ScientificDirector of the Hall of Sciencefor A Century of Progress,says the last word on that monumental exposition. Mr. Croneis is,professionally, a geologist, but he isalso an educator with original andeffective ideas about teaching thesciences. His position on the staffof the Museum of Science and Industry gave him an excellent background for his work at the exposition.By courtesy of Kaufmann andFabry we are able to illustrate thisarticle, on the cover and throughoutthe Magazine, with some unusual pictures of places and people. The coverpresents an unusually fine picture ofthe famous fire works.•M. Llewellyn Raney, Director ofthe University Libraries, is nostranger to these pages. In this issuehe introduces the University's latestbid for fame as a center of historicalstudy, the Lincoln Library. Thisroom is, however, more than a storage place for dusty relics. Read Mr.Raney's description of it, and youwill understand why the Alumni Secretary spent three hours there on hisfirst visit.Adolph C. Noe is a great manythings besides a paleobotanist, analumnus twice over, owner of thequadrangles' most unique dog, and a notable traveller. He proves in hisarticle this month to be an excellentraconteur of traveller's tales.Floyd W. Reeves concludes hismost interesting discussion of thework of the TVA. This great government project is trying to give itsemployees the ideal personnel service,in housing, health care, recreation,and vocational training. At the endof Mr. Reeves' article we quote froman interview with Mrs. Harold Ickes,an alumna of the class of 1898, whoTABLE OF CONTENTSDECEMBER, 1934PageFair Enough, Carey Croneis 51The Lincoln Library, M. LlewellynRaney 56The Torrid Zone, Adolph C. Noe... 59Employee Service in the TVA, FloydW. Reeves 61Modern Thought II, lohn P. Barden 64Midway 0800, Howard W. Mort 67In a Literary Mood 69In My Opinion 70News of the Quadrangles 12In Appreciation 76Athletics 77News of the Classes 81 comments on this phase of the TVAprogram.#John Barden, former editor of theDaily Maroon, fires the final shot inthe battle between Intellectuals andAnti-Intellectuals.Howard Mort gives us anotherbrief sketch of people and placesabout the University — things onewonders about. If there is any special campus mystery you would likeMr. Mort to elucidate, let us know.He sees all, knows all, and will tellthe Alumni some of it.We have attempted to give you amuch abbreviated report on recentalumni publications of general interest. Additions to this page arecoveted. Naturally it must be limitedto things the PhB can understand ; ifwe started on the faculty's learnedoutput there would be no stoppingplace !Due to lack of space we have omitted "Chicago Alumni in CurrentMagazines," but our January issuewill attempt to bring you up to date.And in conclusion, let the AlumniSecretary, the Office Manager, theFiles Department, the Book-keeper,the Addressograph Department andthe secretary to the Secretary wishyou all a Merry Christmas !The Magazine is published at Chicago., 111., monthly from November to July, inclusive, for The Alumni Council of the University of Chicago, 58thbt. and Ellis Ave., Chicago, 111. Annual Association membership is $2.00, which includes the Magazine ; single copies are 25 cents. Entered as secondclass matter December 1, 1934, at the post office at Chicago, Illinois, under the Act of March 3, 1879,Old Against New — Jehol, 1767, and Science, 1934.The subject of six million negatives, the Hall of Science is the most photographed building in the world.Kaufmann & Fabry.VOLUME XXVII THE UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO MAGAZINE NUMBER 2DECEMBER, 1934FA I R ENOUGH• By CAREY CRONEIS, Associate Professor of GeologyIT IS the last day of the Fair! sition in the last 12 days of the '33 Fair was perhapsThe pop-corn girls, remembering their make-up, prophetic of what was to happen in '34. And Miltonfight back the tears as they think of parting with Mayer, that inveterate predicter of disaster, was cryingtheir swains at the adjacent hot-dog counters. The casein his eyes out over the '34 edition, as recently as the Julypaint on the buildings has become scandalously scabby, issue of the Chicagoan, in which he said, "The attend-their masonite flooring is worn perilously thin, and the ance at the Fair is simply so bad that unless somecolossal gilded man in the statue of "Science Conquering violent alteration is made by the management it will goIgnorance," now threatens the viper in a positively under like a 1929 holding company. . . . The Fair isscroflulous setting. The once red, billowing, Mae losing money, and every major concession in it is losingWestian flags on the avenue have been tattered, torn, money/ 'and mended, until they now present sorry, attenuated Many of the concessions were losing money, butoutlines. the Fair itself was not. An attendance of only 35,000-How Daudet would have loved this subject! And 40,000 a day was sufficient to meet all operating costs,the situation is, after all, not so different from that for the direct Fair employees, after the opening days,described in his unforgettable "La Derniere Classe." never numbered more than 5,500. Moreover, most ofEven Rufus Dawes has forsaken his own quiet private the concessionaires, who had been -talked into believingdining room to attempt to find a little solace in the din that the '34 attendance would exceed that of '33, hadand clatter of the main Administration restaurant. Scores signed contracts which required them to turn over 15-20of loyal henchmen would willingly try to cheer him, but per cent of their gross take directly to the management.who knows how to pat a king on his back even when his Of course, they all wept bitter tears over this agreement,kingdom is vanishing into thin air? So Rufus takes but the Fair continued to get its money. In addition,his lunch alone, his dignified, long, sad face more lugu- the Fair began its 1934 season in a much better financialbrious than ever. In a few minutes he will welcome condition than has generally been supposed. This is wellthe 16,000,000th visitor to his warmed-over show. But demonstrated by a comparison of its finances at the closeit is an old story to him. He and his assistants have 0f business on June 18, 1934, with its status on Junehad to welcome 37 other "millionth visitors" in the past 18, 1933 :two years. Interest centers in this visitor only because June 18, 1933 June 18, 1934she is tangible evidence that, after a six-year battle, the q^ an(j Account.s Receiv-Fair is, unlike any of its predecessors, a complete finan- aMe ^ j 272 729 90 $1 942 491.25cial success. Looking back over those long months of Accounts*payaWe '[ 2,^6,067.67 1,644,528.84joy and pride, sorrow and regret, failure and success, F JRufus knows, better than anyone else, that the Exposi- "~tion has been both fair enough and Fair enough. True, Excess of accounts payablehe wouldn't bet you a bent farthing that the politicians over cash and accountswould not get their fingers into it and run it another receivable 1,573,337.77year. But he knows that the juicy morsel into which Excess of accounts receiv-they have long yearned to sink their fangs would likely ^le an(j ^^ over ac_be only zwieback in 1935. counts payable 297,962.39The truth is that the Fair failed dismally to live up Ammnt du& Qn 6% GoMto the Administration's fondest hopes, although it did ^^ indudi interest 9,274,225.29 4,032,742.29exceed their more gloomy expectations. ' __ Dr. F. R. Moulton, writing in these columns just a -rvnnriyear ago, felt that the sorry showing made by the Expo- Net liabilities $10,847,563.06 $3,734,77y.9U5152 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEStated in simpler terms, the 1934 Fair had morethan $600,000 more in cash, $1,200,000 less in short termdebts and more than $5,000,000 less in note obligations,than had its 1933 predecessor. More simply still, itowed seven million dollars less than the original A Century of Progress, although its physical plant representeda total outlay of about $50,000,000 — approximately $10,-000,000 more than in June of 1933.No, the Fair was not in real danger of going under,but the attendance was woefully discouraging. It was,in fact, almost annihilating to some of the independentoperators who found themselves giving back to the Fairin all charges, direct and indirect, as high as 44 cents onevery dollar of their total income.But gradually the turnstiles began to click morerapidly. There was no "violent alteration" such as Mayerthought necessary. In fact there seems to be no knownaphrodisiac to pump up the public passion for a world'sfair ; at any rate, the Fair management, which had neverbeen charged with being too clever in whetting thepublic's appetite, couldn't find any. But come the peopledid, until finally the Fair ended with a smashing closingday attendance of 372,127, the highest for the two years.The 1934 Exposition thus wound up with a resoundingbang, in marked contrast with the 1933 edition whichterminated as an unadulterated bust.The total for the two years was 39,052,236, givingA Century of Progress the so-called record for total attendance, conveniently forgetting the Paris Expositionof 1900 which attracted nearly as many, 37,287,000, ina single year. But numbers are not so important as thefinancial record. And here is where we must hand themanagement the rarest orchid of them all. The Sesqui-centennial in Philadelphia, 1926, attracted 15,000,000admissions, and ended $13,600,000 in the red. The SanFrancisco Exposition of 1915 had 13,185,000 admissions,and lost just about a dollar a head ; the St. Louis Exposition of 1904 had a gate of about 13 millions, and went in the hole approximately fifteen million dollars ; and theChicago Fair of 1893 sustained a loss of 12 million withan attendance of 21,480,000.In fact, it is utterly disrespectful to tradition tohave a solvent Fair. Nevertheless, on November 1, 1934,A Century of Progress had discharged all but a paltry$600,000 of its obligations on its original $9,700,000 bondissue. Therefore, even if no further payments had beenmade, all bondholders would have received in principaland interest more than they invested. Thus the Fairbonds, strangely enough, were the best security in themiddle west during the hectic days of the depression.And the November 1st disbursement was followed, justa week later, by the calling for payment of the remaining 6% of unpaid obligations. A truly great record,just how outstanding few can realize who were not closeto the management in the winter of '32-'33, when a swordof Damocles hung continually over the Fair's very existence.Suppose the bond holders did get their money back— what other benefits derived from the Fair? At least500,000 persons gained employment, some of them forover two years, most of them for at least six months.A great deal of money was placed in circulation in theChicago area, in fact, a billion and a half more in 1934than in 1932. Tax collections in Chicago were alsogreatly increased during the Fair years. The public debtreduction was enormous, amounting to thirty-two milliondollars or 68% of the total, between May, 1933, andNovember, 1934. Real estate boomed and hotels flourished. In addition, cultural benefits, so-called, include34 million visitors to the Hall of Science and 4 millionto the Hall of Religion. Approximately 2 million sawthe Art Museum's Century of Progress collection, andnearly 4 million visited the Field Museum.But in spite of all these successes, there has certainly been Fair enough. Talking cold turkey, the eraof World's Fairs is past — was past, in fact, before AAlways a Crowd inthe Paris SectorGet out your readingglass and see if youor any of yourfriends were caughtby the cameraman onthe doorsteps ofParis on what appears to have been awarm afternoon lastsummer.Kmifmann <$• Fabry.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 53Century of Progress was conceived. Since the days oftalking pictures, radio and easy transportation it is getting increasingly difficult to "wow" the public. Thetypical hillbilly from the remotest hollow scarcely existstoday, but even if he did, it would take a fairly authenticreproduction of the Burning of Rome to make him bughis eyes. A Century of Progress certainly left him relatively apathetic. Consider the 85,000 lights on thegrounds, and the $800,000 it cost for their illumination.Recall that there was more electrical energy used in theHall of Science alone than in all of the United Statesat the time of the Columbian Exposition. And thenremember that neither this fact nor the presence ofsearchlights of ten billion candle power caused the sensation this year that the mere use of electric lights did inthe 1893 Fair. In fact, nothing now makes an impression of quite the breath-taking, never-to-be-forgotten-if-I-live-to-be-a-thousand sort that the Columbian Exposition managed to put across.This is not a statement born of a chronic nostalgiafor the good old days, it is a fact demonstrated by theattendance records. With a daily attendance of 9.37 percent of the local population in 1893, A Century of Progress felt safe in predicting a 350,000 a day average for1933. A 50 million total was "expected" and, secretly,most enthusiasts, aware that the population of the Chicago district had increased four-fold in the last fortyyears, were hoping to quadruple the Columbian Exposition figure of 21 millions. Many days of over a milliongate were confidently planned on — and why not? Chicago Day forty years before had drawn 716,881 paidadmissions. Anything might happen in 1933 and 1934 —and as a matter of fact, did. Chicago Day, 1934, drewa measley ten percent of the 1893 total ! And even closing day, with its 372,000, found the grounds so crowdedthat the mere thought of more than a million at the Fairat once caused a wave of administrative shudders.Although a fact not noised about by the papers, the1934 Fair drew per day less than 3 percent of the localpopulation, and the 1933 record is not much better.Much as it pains Mr. Dawes to admit it, this is, by anycomparison, a sickening, all-time low for a World's Fair.The Golden Era of World Fairs is past !Don't mistake me. There will be more fairs. Infact, a number of American cities, deceived by the success of A Century of Progress, are threatening to breakout in an epidemic of them. But if they count on thesacred old figure of ten percent of total local populationper day, I am afraid they are doomed to some terribledisappointments. If, however, they have the type offinancial guidance that graced A Century of Progress,and can sell the exhibition space, instead of giving itaway, as once was customary, they may pull through innot too dilapidated a fashion.But perhaps I'm wrong. Perhaps the trouble lay inthe Fair. Possibly, had it been up to scratch, the attendance figures would have been more nearly what had beenexpected. Just what was wrong with the Exposition?Plenty ! So much that there is neither time nor spaceto tell, and the Administration knew it better than anyof its carping critics. But by the same token there iseven more to relate concerning the black side of the Fair's Kaufmann & Fabry.Wings Over ScienceItalo Balbo and his Armada arrive at the Exposition.ledger. The staff, from its suave, smiling "Roosevelt,"Rufus Dawes, whom Chicago will one day learn to honoreven more than it does now, and its own general manager "Johnson" in the shape of Major Lenox Lohr, whohad his own special "Robbie," Miss McGrew, down tothe messenger boys, was, for the most part, an efficientone. Including many men who were either on the make,or had been nearly on their uppers, it was of especiallyhigh caliber, due to the fact that the depression had madeit possible to select men of wide experience for most keypositions. It is true that the organization was, amphis-baena-like, made up of an army camp and a civiliancombine, which loved to tangle, but these groups, rumorto the contrary, were known to work together efficiently,and with good results. And it is a fact that many ahulking male resented minute Miss McGrew and herlarge powers, but few were biased enough to deny thepatent fact of her great abilities, and high purposes.Furthermore, it is not surprising that such an ephemeraladministration, in common with many a more long-livedorganization, should continue to harbor a few men witha virulent genius for asininity, a few cancerous cases ofnepotism, a handful of individuals with an almost infinitecapacity for antagonizing exhibitors and public alike, anda number of examples of that worst industrial (andacademic) plague of all, namely, the simple or compoundsubordination of able and energetic men of training andexperience. It thus goes without saying that much, ifnot most, of the Fair was built and operated by men54 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEwhose names never appeared in newsprint. But exceptions aside, the Fair Administration, and this bears repetition, was a singularly able one, no doubt the best thathas ever been charged with the responsibility of a similar enterprise.In spite of its name, it must have been obvious thatthe Fair was not an "International" one. The Presidentof the United States invited 56 foreign countries to participate. An expensive London office was opened andFair officials made junket journeys literally around theworld. In the main all this money was thrown away.In the first place, the United States did not belong to theInternational Convention on Expositions, and all thecountries that did refused therefore to have traffic withus. Finally, in January, 1931, the Convention agreedto let their members in, provided we operated under theirown rules. This was largely an empty victory, since therewas still bitter opposition to our high tariff policy. Thusit was hopeless to urge participation on the basis thatit would increase our demand for foreign products. Atlast an "Old Europe" was suggested, with a view towardincreasing tourist trade. But this also met with littlefavor, though the later success of the Belgian Villageproved that it was at least a good idea. Finally, however, eighteen countries decided to "participate." Eighteenout of fifty-six invited! The eighteen included few ofthe major nations, and of those that did "participate"only China, Czechoslovakia, Italy, Japan and Swedenreally put on any sort of a show.The Exposition was not even completely national.True, the Federal Government spent $300,000 for abuilding and $500,000 for exhibits, but it hung back solong in 1934 that it was thought that the building wouldnot even open. And only 22 states and 4 territories hadFair appropriations. Of these, Illinois spent $350,000and California $100,000, but Utah, Delaware, Kansas,Louisiana and South Dakota risked only $10,000 apiece.Not much of an original representation ; and by 1934 somany had defaulted that the Hall of States was almostruined by their secession.Conditions being what they were, this showing isunderstandable, but in this great agricultural district itmust have seemed anomalous to many that there was noreal agricultural program. The Radio Hall project alsoKaufmann & Fabry.The Black Forest, With Its Unique Skating Act, Was theMost Popular Village fell through, and Social Science was installed in its quarters. But, except for the Oriental Institute materialand the abortive Mayan Temple, the Social Science program was pretty much of another failure. No one inparticular is to blame for this mighty harvest of defeats.(And I've by no means mentioned them all.) Probablynone could have done better than the officers in charge ofthese projects. Certainly few could have worked harderagainst insurmountable odds."What kept the Fair going at all?" you may thenwell inquire. Science, pure and applied, and the villages,queer team-mates to be sure, joined hands and turnedthe trick.True, some came to see the fireworks and the greatbeauty of the Fair when night covered its facial blemishes. Some came to the Sky Ride, in fact, four and ahalf millions did, and thus required the snail-paced"rocket cars" to travel over 100,000 miles on their thrill-less journey. Some undoubtedly wanted to see the fountain, which used "water enough to supply a city of amillion people." Some possibly came to see the "startling architecture," which looks rather commonplace now ;and some certainly were attracted by Joseph Urban's riotof 26 colors in '33, and Shepherd Vogelsang's 1934 improvement achieved by the simple expedient of reducingthe colors to 10 and playing up white until it covered35 percent of the surfaces. Others must have attendedthe Fair for the simple joy of spreading paper, sinceover five million pounds of this waste were collected onthe grounds in the two years. And many came to hearthe Chicago and Detroit Symphony Orchestras. But,believe it or not, more still apparently came to beweighed. For despite the 1934 decrease in general gate,the Guess Your Weight stands grossed even more thanin 1933. Actually over a million and a quarter of peoplepaid 15 cents in an attempt to beat the guessers. Justhow serious this contest became may be judged by thefact that one middle aged woman applied at the Hall ofScience for a drink of Heavy Water so that she mightbe able to "fool the weight-guesser."But for whatever reason they came, many of themvisited the villages. They spent $400,000 at the BlackForest, which was the favorite, and about half thatamount each at the Midget Village, Streets of Paris, andItalian Village. More than a million and a quartervisited Merrie England and about 400,000 attended itsGlobe Theater, which gave well over 1,000 Shakespeariantabloid performances.These are fine records, to be sure, but they hardlycompare with the totals that the automotive shows, theElectrical Building, and the Hall of Science compiled.Many have contended in print that Sally Rand broughtmore people to the Fair than did the Hall of Science.Since that structure had 34 million visitors, this is rankcalumny unless, of course, Sally's press agent is morenearly dead on his feet than I think he is, and unless theVillages which gave her shelter are holding back something from the Fair officials in their accounting. MiltonMayer once wrote that "the customers pass along thecorridors of Science with air of impatience, and make abee line for the carnival end of the ground." So manyTHE UNIVERSITY OFBiology for the MassesOn busy days visitors streamed through the Microvivariumat the rate of 4,000 an hourof them did, but the majority went to the automotiveshows rather than to the villages. And excellent as wasthe combined attendance record of the latter enterprises,it paled into insignificance in comparison with the12,014,341 who visited Henry Ford's show, the 25 million who in two years had come to see Chrysler's, or the18 million who went through the General Motors building. Furthermore, although you may spoof at the twolatter estimates, Henry's is pretty much bona fide, and,for that matter, the Hall of Science figure, showing thatnine out of ten Fair visitors came to the Hall, is alsoreasonably accurate.Fancy writers to the contrary, I'll ride along with thefigures, and state that the Panther woman never playedto such crowds as the Geologic Time Clock, that theTransparent Man had a larger following than SallyRand, and that the Microvivarium attracted biggergroups than did any of the other callipygous maidensyou might care to mention. I learn, of course fromround about sources, that the science staff of the Fair,as well as certain University professors, found theseextra-curricular activities of absorbing interest, but sofar as the general public was concerned, we'll have toadmit that the Fair pedagogues scored a lop-sided victoryover the Exposition priapagogues."If I were Dictator I should pay a great deal ofattention to the place of science in my state," wrote JulianHuxley not so long ago. The Dictators of A Century ofProgress were fortunate in having scooped Huxley inthis idea, for Science and its industrial offspring, plusgood management, made a successful Fair in a post-Exposition era. Mr. Dawes was far-sighted enough toplace the general responsibility for the scientific planningin the hands of the National Research Council. Butthat organization, having set up committees with a totalmembership of approximately 500, turned in a positivelystupendous encyclopaedia, couched in the lurid languageof boom* times. But by the time the reports got to Chicago, the Fair was a depression-ridden organization, anda more useless set of plans could scarcely have been conceived. This was not the fault of the committees — theyhad merely been asked to plan with little regard for costand space requirements. Some idea of the amount ofsweat shed over these plans may be gained from the factthat the Committee on Physics alone specified over 900separate exhibits, requiring 160,000 square feet of floor CHICAGO MAGAZINE 55space. I am stating facts, and I dare not be too criticalfor the Geological Committee, with my modest help, proposed what was probably the most impractical andgrandiose of all plans. In fact, the total outlay involvedin the Basic Sciences would have been at least ten million dollars had the National Research Council plansbeen carried to completion.What to do? The Fair obviously could not executethe proposed program, nor could it very conveniently jiltthe National Research Council. Finally, by a stroke ofgenius a solution was found. The Fair would "carryout the spirit of the reports!"Major Lohr is now busy writing the history of theFair, but you are more gullible than I suspect if youthink you'll find in it the real story of the organization'strials and tribulations, any more than you can determinethe complete financial status of the University from oneof our admirable Comptroller's reports. As a singleexample, and getting back to those reports again, consider the following statement, which is only one of thethousands contained in the many departmental historieswhich are now in the. Major's hands: "To have changedthe spirit of the reports would have been grossly unjustto the National Research Council whose name the Exposition had the privilege of using, and would certainlyhave led to the withdrawal of the Council's support undercircumstances highly embarrassing to the Exposition.''This was only too true, but in the agreed-upon Lohr history, the latter part of the sentence will read : "but itwould also have been contrary to the wishes of the Administration itself, zvhich from the first had been in entiresympathy with the spirit of the Research Council's findings." And this is true, also, especially as far as RufusDawes is concerned, but sympathy builds no exhibits. ByMarch, 1933, the greatest salvation which the Basic Sciences could have imagined was by some legerdemain tohave gotten back the $90,000 the Fair had invested inthose nearly worthless Research Council's reports.Nevertheless, the scientific staff, almost without financialsupport, begged, borrowed, and stole the exhibits whichfinally came to rest in the Hall of Science.I pass over this hectic struggle rapidly, but no oneon the outside can possibly realize how the staff weptfor joy at the acquisition of each minor exhibit, labeland chart. How far short of the high plans the scientists had for the Hall of Science it actually turned outto be, only the National Research Council and the FairManagement understand.Donald Slesinger in the October Survey Graphiclaments that the Hall of Science visitors were impressed"by magic, not science ; by gadgets, not meaning. Allthe paraphernalia of science were there, but its spirit wasabsent. Those who came to be amused were amused ;those who came to be enlightened had fun. But no onewas educated, no one learned anything. . . . Had I beena physical scientist I should have resented the indecentpeep-show that made man's supreme achievement trivialand irrelevant. . . . The one opportunity . . . was muffed,Social Science was confined to some unsold space."This is a clever pasquinade; but, innocent of all(Continued on page 80)THE LINCOLN LIBRARY• By M. LLEWELLYN RANEY, Director of the University LibrariesTHERE is a new room at the University whichvisitors have come to regard as a shrine. It isnot a large room — a thousand square feet or so.Nor did it cost much. The Trustees were not asked toappropriate a cent. Small savings made it. In fact, itis not a new room at all — just an old room that founditself. A wall straightened, doors reset; a floor incheckered russet, windows robed; ceiling line spread tomoulded plaster, a faint glow on the walls, furniture regrouped — and the room was ready to breathe.The door opened, a great spirit entered, a lightappeared, and — Abraham Lincoln against the far wall(the south wall!) — the time 1860, the autumn of '60before hell broke. It is the figure from waist up evokedby the gifted brush and oils of George Frederick Wright.High forehead; flesh with blood in it — a Roman trickof Wright's (basic siennas filtering through the overlay) ; beardless, since little Grace Bedell had not yet written and got his promise; eyes unexcelled in the wholerange of Lincoln portraiture — blue, verging on grey, andthey follow you.Your gaze slips, for the same hidden light falls palelyon another look of his, this time (with hands also) heldin bronze by Leonard W. Volk with a life mask from thespring of the same year — the look of the Cooper Instituteaddress, the mien so well caught by the watchful Brady— worth catching, too, for that address finally took theeast's eyes off the fascinating line from Albany to Washington, and made it forget its Seward.The east — the word has you veer that way, thoughstill fixed in your tracks by the spell of the room. Theretowers a luminous figure, full length against a background of blue, flanked by mounted inscriptions of theGettysburg address and the climax of the second inaugural — "with malice toward none, with charity for all."It is a plaster replica of Lorado Taft's great statue ofLincoln, as it stands in Urbana, Illinois.Turning at the base of this statue, the room nowaflood with light, we find ourselves facing the rich libraryof Lincolniana amassed by the devoted energy of the lateDr. William E. Barton — a library the possession of whichmakes the University of Chicago one of the five greatLincoln library centers in the United States, the othersbeing the Library of Congress, Brown University, theHuntington Library at San Marino, California, and theLincoln National Life Insurance Company at FortWayne, Indiana.At one end of the room are gathered on oak shelving, in an alcoved area corded off for readers, the published works of Lincoln and most of the significant printabout him stretched over three quarters of a century,the rarer items placed under lock in an adjacent stack,the total exceeding 3500 volumes, about evenly dividedbetween Lincoln and his period, aside from uncountedmanuscripts, portraiture, relics, etc. The collection is inexcellent physical condition, good copies having been selected in the first place and a great many of the originalissues given protective slip cases besides.Lincoln, of course, never saw a collected edition ofhis works. He would doubtless have been surprised thatafter nearly thirty years his two secretaries, Nicolay andHay, could pile up tea fat octavo volumes of his writingsand still be far from exhaustive, just as he was surprised to find that his campaign biographer, John LockeScripps, a Chicago newspaper man, could make thirty-two closely printed, interesting pages out of the few hundred words he had given him. Of this first publishedlife issued simultaneously on June 8, 1860, in New Yorkand Chicago and proof-read by Lincoln himself — first,unless the so-called "Wigwam" life, which raced it andis also in the library, be first — Dr. Barton gathered several copies of the New York issue. Of the two antecedent autobiographies in manuscript, there is a facsimileprint of the 1859 text and a photostat of the next year's.It was Lincoln who after a successful politicalappearance in Ohio and failure to find an Illinois publisher got the famous debates of 1858 with SenatorStephen A. Douglas issued in Columbus. The library hasseveral copies of this edition.Scholars have had a hard time establishing the exacttext of Lincoln's most celebrated speech — the three-minute talk he gave at Gettysburg after the finished two-houraddress of Edward Everett, the orator of the occasion.Lincoln wrote it out seven times, and no two agree, nor,for that matter, do any of the several other versionsmade by reporters. Dr. Barton has a book which saysabout the last word on this subject. Lincoln, it appears,wrote in Washington what he intended to say. Heshowed this first draft to Seward in Gettysburg, and thenmade a revision. (It was Seward, too, who suggestedthe final paragraph in the first inaugural, though Lincolnrefined the suggestion, much as Shakespeare was wontto do with old texts, and made it the beautiful thing it is).This second draft he held in his hand, but he did notread it. Afterward he wrote it out from memory severaltimes for friends, but never exactly the same way. TheseLincoln versions are shown in parallel transcriptions, aswell as a photostat of the platform draft. An originalis understood to be held by a New York dealer for$150,000, after paying two-thirds as much for it. That,also, might make Lincoln lift his eyebrows.Another intimate inclusion is the Patent Office Report of 1849, which records patent No. 6469 granted Lincoln on a scheme to lift vessels off shoals. He had hada flatboat stuck on a dam once and got it over with anaug$r, and he had seen a Great Lakes steamboat strandedon a sandbar while he was returning from Niagara. Hegot the patent but no fortune from it.Lincoln would certainly have smiled happily overone book in the collection, for it was made by boys ina Tennessee apprentice shop, and is thought to be thesmallest book ever made in this country. It is about56THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 57the size of a postagestamp and yet contains160 pages and the text0f four addresses ofLincoln's. It is a complete little piece, verypretty in its redleather cover and giltletters. But there is astill smaller object inthe collection — a photograph of Lincoln ina rock crystal.Then there is astretch of books fromthe law office of Lincoln and Herndon,seventy-five of them,mostly Herndon's forhe was the reader ofthe two. In his maturity Lincoln rarelyread any bookthrough, contentinghimself with sampling,if as much. In youthhe had read and reread all he could gethis hands on, and goodSarah Bush Lincoln,his stepmother, supported the habit. Hehad but little schooling, less than a total of twelve months in all five Kentucky and Indiana schools he attended. But he read, andpondered what he read. Thus he picked up surveyingin short order when an opportunity for such employment suddenly developed in New Salem, and even afterhis return from his one term in Congress he masteredEuclid at forty for the discipline it would give his mind.It is an interesting photograph that stands at the centerof a wall case in the room — the first six books Lincolnread. They are the Bible, Pilgrim's Progress, Aesop'sFables, Robinson Crusoe, WXeems' Life of Washington,and a History of the United States.But the volumes Dr. Barton salvaged are nearly alllaw books. Gone are the journals Herndon gatheredfrom all over the country to keep Lincoln informed ofpublic opinion, especially abolitionist opinion, for, thoughMrs. Lincoln and Herndon cordially disliked each other,he was as eager as she that Lincoln become President,and nobody labored for it longer or harder. Gone, too,the books on religious subjects, though both men thoughtearly, late and fearlessly in that sphere. Still, even ifthese office books had come through and even if we hadthe talk from Speed's store and New Salem, we couldnot thereby capture the mind of Lincoln. It took thedeath of eleven-year-old Willie in 1862 to bring out thefather's stars. A plaque of the little fellow, the onlyknown copy, hangs among our books.This question of Lincoln's religion and the relatedones of his paternity and his attitude to women arewhat set Dr. Barton on the brilliant decade of Lin-The Lincoln Portrait coin scholarship whichclosed his eventful lifeof nearly seventyyears. He had alreadyhad a conspicuouscareer as a churchmanin Boston and OakPark, when his firstLincoln book appeared. For the nextten years he was themost prolific and decisive of writers onLincoln, and he diedin full career with hisPresident Lincoln toappear posthumously,the last three chapterscontributed by afriend. On the maternal genealogy hebecame the outstanding authority. Thesestudies cost him muchfield work on bothsides of the Atlantic,and the evidence gathered fills ninety thickquarto volumes thathave no counterpart inany library. Lincolnwould have rejoiced tolearn what Dr. Bartoncame to know about his father's people, and would havehad an old anguish about his cherished mother not alittle assuaged by the rest of the story.A fine feature of the disclosure is that the Lincolnand Hanks progenitors, leaving opposite sides of England, settled, the one in Massachusetts, the other in Virginia, and there for generations stayed and multiplied.Lincoln's blood was, therefore, an even mixture of northand south. About equally interesting is the attendantdiscovery that Lincoln's great-grandfather, JosephHanks, married a Lee of his neighborhood, and, moreastonishing still, the first American ancestor of this AnnLee seems likely to have been the same person as headsthe Robert E. Lee line in America. If this proves true,then Abraham Lincoln and the great Confederate General were about as closely related as Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt. Suppose they had known it.There was something Lincoln did know but withheld, at least from writing. If we could have his comment on one little mounted book in the library, muchbitterness might have been spared. It is Herndon's owncopy of his 1866 printed lecture on Lincoln and Ann Rut-ledge, which stirred up a hornet's nest that has notquieted yet. The situation was not improved by theappearance of Herndon's Lincoln, of which, incidentally,the library possesses Eugene Field's copy. Was this thegreat romance? At any rate, the only record of it isrepresented here by a rubbing taken from an inscribedbetrothal stone in Lincoln characters, found buried under58 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEhis New Salem store, and now owned by Mr. Oliver R.Barrett, of Chicago.But we must hurry on to the manuscripts, pictures,etc., exhibited at the other end of the room. Here isthe drama of Lincoln's life unrolled in cases and downthe walls. Parchment deeds of the Lincolns in EnglishNorfolk and Wessex ; account books, church and otherrecords of the American progenitors' dealings; a leaffrom the boy's own home-made sum book; reproduction(by Mr. Barrett's courtesy) of his youthful reports aselection clerk, surveyor, cotillion manager; his earliestknown business document — a promissory note, uponwhich he was later successfully sued (he had gambled onthe navigability of the Sangamon River, had, indeed, beendemonstration pilot) ; briefs in his hand over the periodof his legal career ; one of the very few surviving lettersto his wife, a chatty epistle from the Congressionalperiod ; and from the same time a joint three-page moneyappeal sent by his illiterate father and his step-brother,in the latter's hand; his most important political letter,citing the key passages from his chief political speech,the "house divided" address ; one of the excessively rareEmancipation Proclamation broadsides bearing the written signatures of Lincoln and Seward, with the attestation of Nicolay — this set in a case and ringed with original slave deeds, sales, certificates, and advertisements ; aletter to Gen. Butler in regard to the release of prisonersat Point Lookout; commissions signed by Lincoln, andpardons in his hand — one a day before he was shot, andanother a day earlier; a bundle of letters in Mrs. Lincoln's hand before, during, and after the White Houseperiod — one under his dictation in pursuit of an office,another accepting condolence from a blind girl, and athird dealing anxiously with Tad's illness which shortlyafter proved fatal in Chicago} a delightful letter of eight-year-old Willie Lincoln to a playmate on June 6, 1859 —a gift by the Friends of the Library ; several letters fromthe oldest son, Robert Todd Lincoln, in one of which,dated June 6, 1865, he laments that he cannot aid aninquiring biographer of his father since he "scarcely everhad ten minutes quiet talk with him during his Presidency;" letters and articles by members of the Cabinetand other important personages of the period. Then, campaign flags, broadsides (including the$100,000 reward offer of the War Department for theassassins), cartoons (including Punch 1861-65), warmusic, newspaper runs and abundant clippings, togetherwith a quantity of relics, among which is a kitchen safebuilt by Lincoln's father.Finally, a large amount of prints, pictures, andphotostats. Under the first may be mentioned what isconsidered the only copy of the Wigwam where he wasnominated in 1860; under the second, oil portraits ofMr. and Mrs. Lincoln by her niece, Katherine Helm,representing them as they looked when they first met;among the last, the two inaugurals, Booth's diary, andthe Mary Lincoln insanity proceedings in the seventies.But for all this profusion of record, the room isuncluttered, mellow and restful. For hours after thegrilled doors are closed its influence falls on those whopass in the corridors and look across to that wistful facepeering through the shadows.Who was this George Frederick Wright that caughtso well the color and cast of those eyes which Gardner'scamera saw again in a grief-plowed face five days beforethe end? A Connecticut man (1828-1881), trained inthe National Academy, then for two years in Germanyunder Graeflei, the court painter of Baden, and others,with a summer in Rome added. Upon his return, hecame to Springfield, Illinois, and in that State found hiswife, a talented linguist, naturalist, and painter — MarcaAurelia Muzzarelli, daughter of an Italian count, who,as a political refugee, brought sixty colonists to Americaand settled on 20,000 acres in Tennessee, subsequentlymoving to Missouri and Illinois in turn. Among muchpainting, Wright executed canvases of the first thirteenGovernors of Illinois and twenty of Connecticut, for thosetwo States respectively. He painted Lincoln twice more,in 1864. These portraits are, of course, both bearded.Reproductions of them are in the library, by courtesy oftheir owners, Mr. William Randolph Hearst, and the latePercy Avery Rockefeller. As chairman of the committeeon badges and decorations, he was in charge of the preparation of the catafalque at the funeral of Lincoln. Butour lasting debt to George F. Wright is for those eyesof 1860 — blue, verging on grey, that follow you.ITHE TORRID ZONEAn Ideal Vacation Land•¦ By ADOLPH C. NOE, '00, PhD '05, Associate Professor of PaleobotanyON a fine afternoon in early September, 1934, Iwas sitting on the rear platform of the observation car in a train going south to Mexico City.From the, time table I judged that we must soon crossthe tropic of Cancer. Suddenly a signboard appearedwest of the railroad track telling in big letters on itssouthern side "Zona torrida" and above that "El tropicode cancer." Fortunately my faithful old Kodak, whichhas at least 60,000 miles of travel in three continents toits credit, was handy. Without setting the distance,which was changing every second, I swung the camera inline. It was a hit and miss affair but when developed thepicture was good, much better than many carefully aimedand focused exposures. It is perhaps the only pictureever taken of the line where the temperate zone and thetropics meet on the continent of North America. Itruns about half way between the international boundaryand Mexico City.In Mexico I studied the fine collection of fossilplants housed in the Instituto de Geologia and madeshort geologic excursions to which were added glimpsesof Aztec civilization. Near Teotihuacan I saw whatlooked to me like a prehistoric university campus. Itis a quadrangle formed of connected low buildings fromwhich rise at regular intervals a series of flat low pyramids. In the center of the quadrangle stands a largerand isolated pyramid with a hill of earth on the top.East of the quadrangle can be seen two big pyramids ;the larger one shows a surface of stone with staircasesleading to its top and the smaller one is still entirelycovered with earth and vegetation. After inspecting thequadrangle and climbing on top of the pyramid in itscenter I approached the taller one of the two big pyramids outside the quadrangle. I fought my way throughgroups of cacti and climbed 216 feet, over long rows ofnarrow steps to its flat top. From there I had a fineview of the valley and mountains but also noticed heavyclouds and a distant rain which seemed to come nearerat an appalling speed. After taking some pictures whichdid not turn out so well because of the darkened sky, Icame down as fast as safety permitted and just when Iwas under a shelter, a tropical shower burst as if theAztec gods were hissing and growling at the intrudingforeigner. The Mexican geologist who was my travelling companion explained the plan of the buildings tome. The low pyramids along the sides of the quadrangleand the one in the center had been temples, in Aztectimes, consecrated to the god of the winds, Quetzalcoatl.Of the two big outside pyramids the large one was dedicated to the sun and the smaller one to the moon. Bothformerly had altars on their flat tops. Prisoners ofwar and public enemies used to be first consecrated forsacrifice to the sun god in the quadrangle and were after wards marched in solemn procession to the pyramid ofthe sun. They went up the steps and circled around onevery one of the five terraces, to be viewed by the thousands of spectators who were squatting around the pyramid. When the victim had reached the top they werelaid upon an altar and ripped open with a knife ofobsidian. The heart was torn out and the corpse throwndown on one of the smooth sides of the pyramid. Asa spectacle it must have been a perfectly good substitutefor an intercollegiate football game.Cortez never saw these temples. My Mexicanfriend informed me that, long before the arrival of theSpaniards, a stranger had appeared. He was perhapsa shipwrecked white man. This visitor, whom the Mexicans worshipped as a god, warned them that sooner orlater white men would conquer Mexico. So the Aztecswent to work and carried millions of tons of earth ontheir backs to the temples and pyramids of Teotihuacanand covered everything up nicely. After vegetation hadgrown over the mounds no Spaniard could ever suspectanything strange within them. There was no departmentof Anthropology in the early days of the University ofMexico, which was founded by the Jesuits long beforeHarvard University existed. Nobody cared to catalog,classify, and explore every suspicious looking earth heap.The great pyramids and the quadrangle with its templeswere only excavated in recent years. Outside the quadrangle are still many mounds to be explored. The greatpyramid of the sun was probably the center of a cityof temples. Perhaps some day an archeologic field partyof the University of Chicago will help to unearth moreAztec buildings and antiquities. In Teotihuacan is asmall museum already filled with attractive pottery, idols,weapons, and jewelery. It gives an idea of what willbe found when all the mounds have been cleared up. Allthat is needed is a little money for exploring and thepermission of the Mexicans to do so. We have at theUniversity of Chicago an Oriental Institute excavatingarcheological objects on a grand scale in Egypt, AsiaMinor, and Mesopotamia. It might be flanked on thecampus by an Occidental Institute devoted to archeologicexplorations in the Western hemisphere. But this isreally outside my line, since I am a paleobotanist andexclusively charged with the exploration of fossil plants.Maybe my readers are more interested in prehistoric menthan in fossil plants and will forgive me my digressionsinto another department. I also hope my faux pas willbe forgiven under the auspices of the new educationalpolicy of the University which favors interdepartmentalrelations.Another excursion took me about 100 miles southeast of Mexico City to Cacahuamilpa where the mostbeautiful caves of the world are located. To walk, climb,5960 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEand crawl through themwith safety, I needed astrong cane. An Indianmade it for me of bamboo and charged five cen-tavos for it, which is aboutone and a half cents inU. S. currency. After asubterranean walk of somethree hours I felt verytired. Another friendlyIndian chopped off theend of a green coconutand I drank its clearwatery juice which tastedlike lemonade, only muchbetter. The valley which leads to the caves has a tropicalvegetation, banana plantations, sugar cane, rice fields,and clusters of coconut palms. A pass of 10,000 feetelevation above sea level had to be negotiated beforegetting to the caves. It was quite cold in the pass, despite its latitude of about 19 degrees north of the equator.The main road on which I came from Mexico City wasstrongly guarded by soldiers who were wrapped in heavyblankets. I met the captain in command of the line ofblockhouses along this sector of the highroad. Hegreeted me very cordially and had no objections to mytaking photographs. We conversed mostly in Spanish.This brings me to another subject, that of languages. Idivide my linguistic equipment into two categories : majorand minor languages. My major languages are those inwhich I can easily converse. They are English, German,and French. Of the minor languages I have a limitedworking vocabulary, mostly acquired through travellingand slightly augmented by study. They are Spanish,Italian and Russian.My major languages I can keep fairly straight, butthe minor sequence gets thoroughly mixed up, especiallywhen I am slightly rattled. So it happened when theMexican captain addressed me. My conscience was notquite clear because photographing in the proximity ofmilitary establishments is not looked upon favorably inmost countries. At first I replied to him in Russian,gradually changing to Italian, and winding up in Spanish, which alone he could understand.It is not exactly a disadvantage to speak a languageimperfectly as long as one can be understood in ticketoffices, shops, restaurants, taxicabs and street cars. Irode with a young German business man from his officeto my hotel, in Mexico City, and he explained why everybody in Mexico City was so friendly to me. He said, "Ihave a perfect knowledge of Spanish and when I talk iteverybody sees in me a foreign business competitor whowants to make money in Mexico. When you speak inyour rotten Spanish all the world can see that you area tourist. But tourists only bring money into a countryand never take any out and therefore they are popularand well-liked." The obvious lesson is to speak with amighty bad accent whenever you visit a foreign country.To do so is quite natural to most travellers and no specialeffort is needed. The Line When Zone Meets Zone My trip to Mexicowas all too short. I hada good deal of collectingto do in Texas, so had tosay goodby to my new butcharming friends in Mexico City and leave thetown. Several came tosee me off at the depot inspite of the heavy rain.There the rainy seasonends during September.October, November, andDecember are said to bethe best months for a visitto Mexico. The vegetation is still fresh. During the months of the Northern winter it is very dusty in Mexico because no rainfalls, but the mountains shine bright against a cloudless sky and the beautiful volcanoes which form the edgeof the valley of Mexico can be seen distinctly, greatestamong them being Popocatapetl (17,794 feet high) andIztaccihuatl (16,200 feet), which means the whitewoman. It marks, rather vaguely, the form of a sleeping woman and is white because covered with eternalsnow.Between Popocatepetl and Iztaccihuatl Cortezmarched into the capital of Mexico with his immortalsix hundred men. Within a few years a wonderful andold civilization was destroyed by a handful of adventurers who had the advantage of better arms and military tactics. It was as if old Egypt or the Greece ofHomer had survived, undisturbed by invaders, and hadbeen suddenly attacked by men with rifles, cannon andsteel. The present youth of Mexico is nationally mindedand they frankly declare that the Spanish invasion wasa very hard blow to their civilization and that it wouldhave been much better for Mexico had it been left undisturbed like Japan. Old Mexico in Aztec times had apopulation of about thirty million people. It has nowonly thirteen. This fact does not speak well for the beneficial influence of the Spanish rule.Spain remolded the country. Its traces are everywhere except perhaps in the most remote mountain villages. The Spanish language is spoken by almost all people, either exclusively or besides their Indian idiom. Catholicism is practically the only religion. There are innumerable churches and convents but most churches and allconvents have been confiscated by the state. There is adistinctly socialistic trend in the country mixed with astrong nationalistic feeling. Mexico has many problemsto work out in her social, political, and economic life.Everybody who knows the Mexican people will wishthem success in their efforts.During my brief visit to Mexico I often comparedit in my mind with southern Italy. Mexico City reminded me of Naples. There is a southern, Latin countrywith a wonderful history and great works of architecture and sculpture right at our doors. Why visit Italyor Spain? We can get the same enjoyment from a visitto Mexico at much less expense^ in money and time.EMPLOYEE SERVICE IN THE TVA• By FLOYD W. REEVES, AM '2 1 , PhD '25THE Tennessee Valley Authority, along with allother large industrial organizations, has a distinctobligation in the protection of the health andphysical well-being of its employees. In recognition ofthis obligation, a health and medical program has beendeveloped. The Health and Medical Section has as itsfunction the following: Physical examination of all employees and of applicants tentatively accepted for employment by the Authority; direct medical care for allemployees injured in line of duty; emergency medicalcare for employees living in Tennessee Valley Authoritydormitories and away from their natural residence; thecompilation, clearing and direction of all compensationclaims originating from employees of the Authority;assisting in the placement of employees with physicalhandicaps; preventive immunization service to employees, particularly typhoid inoculation and smallpoxvaccinations; administration of a program for venerealdisease control, including treatment prophylaxis andeducation of the employee and his family. These functions are carried on by the Health and Medical Sectionin all centers where employees of the Authority are engaged in their work. The Health and Medical Sectionincludes at the present time a personnel of some fiftyemployees, of whom approximately fifteen are classifiedin the professional grades.For the two weeks period ending September 16, theHealth and Medical Section reported some nine thousand treatments, of which only a small number were lost-time injuries. As a matter of fact, for every two weeksperiod during the last three months the Health and Medical Section in its first aid and hospitalization programalone has been responsible for the treatment of whatwould amount to approximately as many as there areemployees. It should be pointed out, however, thatphysical examinations, inoculations and vaccinations, aswell as first aid treatment and hospitalization cases, areincluded in this total figure. The figures indicate, however, the heavy load that is being carried by this sectionof the Division and gives some indication of the extentto which the employees of the Tennessee Valley Authority receive adequate protection in health and medicalmatters.Employee TrainingThe Training Section of the Personnel Division isresponsible for a number of functions. It provides further training in the vocation in which the individual isalready employed. It gives an opportunity for employees to explore vocational possibilities and secure assistance in preparing for suitable vocations. It providesbroad training for basic rural occupations, including inaddition to those commonly associated with agriculture,those occupations and trades which may relate to a coordinated development of agriculture and industry. It fosters a general education and community program foremployees and their families.The training program operates in accordance witha philosophy that is quite basic. Wherever feasible training activities are associated with service enterpriseswhich have been developed by the Training Section toserve the construction program in the Norris andWheeler Dam areas. Training on most of these projects is given during four days of the week at periodsso arranged as to accommodate men on all of the variousconstruction shifts. Around the following functionalunits the training program is being carried forward :Agriculture. The agricultural training is givenlargely in connection with certain service enterprises —gardening, dairying, poultry plants and pasteurizingplants, and covers- all phases of their operations. Integral parts of the training are studies and demonstrations in land terracing, growing of hays and other pasture crops, adapting crops to types of soils, and otherfarm problems of importance to the Tennessee Valleyarea.Trades. The training in trades centers about theoperation of four main shops, automotive, electrical, general metal, and woodworking. The instruction combinestheory directly with shop practice.Engineering and Technical Training. For the engineers and skilled workmen of the Authority at Norris,Knoxville, and LaFollette, Tennessee, a varied programof training is in progress covering the general fields ofengineering and construction problems. Most of thistraining is related directly to the men's work on the job.Home Planning and Management. For the womenof the Norris community a program of training in homeplanning and management is in the process of development. The use and care of electrical equipment, homefurnishing, cooking, and clothing instructions comprisea part of this work.General Training in Social and Recreational Activities. To provide facilities which will enable theworkmen to make wise use of their leisure time a program of general training in social and recreational activities has been developed. Arrangements with variousreligious leaders of the surrounding area have madepossible a program of religious services. Interest in instruction along general educational lines has led to theformation of a number of study groups in naturalscience, social science, English and the like. Recreationalactivities include base ball, soft ball, tennis and numerousindoor games. A band, an orchestra and a dramaticgroup are also fostered. A large part of this programis carried on by means of contributed services.Labor RelationsThe Labor Relations Section of the Personnel Division performs a service functionally related to all6162 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEphases of the Authority's program where skilled andunskilled labor is employed. It serves as well in assisting in the administration of personnel problems relatingto other groups of employees. Close cooperation is being established by the managerial and supervisory groupsin charge of all construction and operating projects.Through the organization of labor committees it is expected that the program of this section will becomeclosely related to the employee training program carriedon under the auspices of the Training Section. As apart of its regular service, contacts are made with organized labor groups outside of the Authority whenever itseems in the best interest of the Authority to do so.The staff of the Labor Relations Section assists inthe development of collective representation plans forTVA workers. It assists in preventing and mediatingincipient jurisdictional disputes between various tradegroups in the Authority. It assists in the preparationof costs studies in collaboration with organized workers'representatives to make for more economical and saferconstruction of housing and electrification, and assist inclearing all suggestions and criticisms about such problems. It handles all complaints from all organizedgroups of workers employed by the Authority. It cooperates with the Medical Section in the developmentof educational campaigns through workers' groups forvenereal disease control. It assists in the wage classification of hourly workers. It investigates and assists inthe enforcement of TVA wage rates by contractors whoare furnishing materials and supplies and carrying onconstruction projects for the Authority. It investigates,and insists on the enforcement of NRA codes and wagesin plants of vendors furnishing materials and supplies tothe Authority. In cooperation with other divisions, theLabor Relations Section prepares plans to have workersgroups carry on recreational, educational and cooperativeworkers' programs.SafetyThe Safety Section of the Personnel Division performs two major services. In the first place, it maintains a program of inspection out of which is formulatedrecommendations with regard to accident prevention onall construction and clearance operations of the Authority. In the second place, it is responsible for the develop-A Typical Worker's Home at Norris ment of a public safety program centered about the projects of the Authority, to be expanded later to enlist thecooperation and assistance of municipalities and localgovernmental units in improving the administration ofpublic safety measures throughout the Valley area. Atthe present time the program of the Safety Section isconcentrated primarily upon the first type of service. Inconnection with this service, a Director of Safety andtwo safety engineers assist and advise the various construction engineers and superintendents, foremen andemployees in matters pertaining to accident prevention.It works very closely with the Health and Medical Section in order to correlate first aid treatment with preventive measures designed to reduce or prevent accidents.The program of this Section was initiated somethree months ago. Its first job was to analyze the problems with which it would be expected to deal. It is tooearly to make an appraisal of the effectiveness of thesafety program. There are indications, however, thatthe problem of accident prevention is rapidly beingbrought under control through the organization of safetycommittees comprising workers and foremen, andthrough the assimilation of materials designed to educate the employees of the Authority in matters pertaining to the prevention of accidents. In the fertilizerplant at Muscle Shoals, where the safety program gotoff to an early start, exceptionally good results have beenobtained in the short period of two months. The success of the Safety Section in dealing with this particularly difficult industrial safety problem indicates that theprogram is off to a good start and that despite the multitude of problems apparent in the vast number of different types of construction and industrial work carriedon by the Authority a successful piece of accident prevention and safety education can be carried on.Personnel RecordsThe Records Section serves as a clearing center forall matters pertaining to personnel records, includingpreparation of appointment letters, notification of changeof status, termination, leave, retirement record, etc.Practically all of the detail that is handled by the Personnel Division eventually clears through this office oris deposited with it as a matter of record. An importantfunction of the Records Section is to prepare reportspertaining to personnel administration and to conductresearch relating to personnel problems. A large program of personnel administration is difficult at best. Itcan be carried on intelligently only through properrecords and procedures, which serve to bring loose endstogether and keep all administrative officers informedas to the pertinent facts about employees: In the verynear future the Records Section will have access tpmachine equipment for purposes of tabulation andresearch, thereby making possible accurate, extensiveand rapid investigation and report of a score of detailedproblems pertinent to personnel administration in an organization with a payroll of 12,000 employees.The problem of coordinating and directing a personnel program for a staff of* 12,000 employees in anTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 63organization that is slightly more than a year old is obviously not an easy one. Perhaps one of the most difficult problems is that of assuring proper functionalrelationship between the various administrative sectionsof the Personnel Division itself, to say nothing of theproblem of directing and developing the proper functional relationship between the Personnel Division andother divisions of the Authority. Throughout the program of the Personnel Division there must be a recognition of the broad interrelationships — human, physical,technical — upon which a comprehensive personnel policymust be built.Building a PolicyAll too frequently employers, both public and private, hire men on general grounds of friendship or ofordinary competence. The conception of selecting aforce which in every case brings to the staff the bestqualified person for the job, although sometimes held inthe abstract, frequently is not applied. This, however,is the ideal upon which the selective process of the Tennessee Valley Authority is based. This ideal is established by the wording of The Act creating the Tennessee Valley Authority. Its effect is far reaching in the confidence of the employees in themselves and in theirfellows.Sometimes employers, both public and private, hiremen and then seem to forget them. The Authorityregards its employees' welfare not as a matter of enlightened despotism, but of. mutual responsibility. Asthose responsible for public budgets have frequentlymoved, I think unwisely, to reduce expenditures by cutting first the budgets for activities such as schools andlibraries, so those responsible for industrial budgets havealso frequently begun with slashes for activities suchas safety, health, and general welfare. Such a policymay in the long run prove to be the most expensive chapter of the depression. With a comprehensive job to do,it is particularly important to envision the problem asa whole and to deal with it comprehensively.The careful selection of a large number of employees for all types of trades, occupations, and professions is but the beginning of the personnel job. The administration of the personnel problems of placement,guidance, training, and health is a continuing problemof equal importance.Mrs. I ekes Inspects HousingWe quote from the Knoxville News-Sentinel's report of a recent visit by Mrs. HaroldIckes, (Anna Wilmarth, '98) to the TVA townof Norris. It is interesting to see her reactionto the personnel plans discussed in the abovearticle, as expressed in this interview."Mrs. Harold Ickes, wife of the Secretaryof the Interior, zvas a recent visitor of NorrisDam and the town of Norris."At the TVA. construction camp at dinnertime last night she stood in line with the workers at the cafeteria and, like the workers, shekept her dishes on the tray as she ate so thatthe cafeteria help would not have to waste timeputting the dishes back when they cleared thetable. And she ate just what everybody elseate — fried liver, okfa, stewed tomatoes, andcooked fruit. . . ."The town of Norris interested her even more than the construction of the dam. Kenneth A.Rouse, '29, town of Norris service director, andR. C. McDade, construction camp supt., thentook Mrs. Ickes and her party to see some ofthe houses, completed but not yet occupied orfurnished. She compared one house with another, telling which points she liked best. In onehouse she seemed somewhat concerned for itsfuture occupants when she saw only one clothescloset — and was greatly relieved when she founda second one, in another part of the building." 'The houses at Norris are neat and attractive/ she said, 'I especially like the way theyare grouped, not in a straight row, but irregularly. I was also struck by the way the treeshad been saved. The usual way is to clear theground of all trees, then build the house. Butat Norris it seems as if the houses wereto lit in among the trees/ "MODERN THOUGHT-IISome of It Is Anti-Intellectual• By JOHNOCCASIONALLY a storm cloud disturbs the rari-fied atmosphere of the University's academicworld. Flashes of barbed lightning from the professorial chair enliven class rooms, and rumbles ofthunder shake the foundations of the Quadrangle club.The untutored student is often amused — in his ignorantway — at the vast collection of prejudices purposely entertained by an otherwise brilliant faculty in regard toeducation, research, and university administration.That the University's faculty is best in the countrygoes without saying. Its breadth of endeavor, its depthof penetration, and its clarity of vision about otherpeople's activities is remarkable. Regarding their ownactivities, however, some members of the faculty areguilty of incredible narrowness, pettiness, and jealousy.This inexperienced student, uncultured in academic niceties that are not always so nice, finds that hard-headed,choleric minority very bewildering. To them this articleis dedicated.They comprise a certain section of the Universityknown as the "anti-intellectuals." The term is not anuncomplimentary name; William James was proud toassume it. It does not mean, strange to say, absence ofthe intellect. It does mean repudiation of some processes and achievements of the intellect. Examine, forexample, their attitude toward language, an early intellectual triumph of man.The anti-intellectual camp at the University denythat terms as symbols of ideas can be arranged in validpropositions, which are relations of ideas and uponwhich further propositions can be constructed. To assign a term to concept or to define relations of conceptsthrough use of terms is "absolutistic verbalism" to thisgroup. Definition of a term for the intellectual is butthe beginning of a problem. For the anti-intellectual, itis the whole problem, particularly in the social "sciences."How any definition is ever acceptable to the anti-intellectual who refuses to assign rigorous single meaningsto terms is a mystery.Yet an economist, an outstanding member of thisgroup, gives a preliminary definition of economics, thoughhe opposes all preliminary definitions as a matter of principle: "Economics studies buying and selling relationsbetween persons or groups ( firms, companies, etc. ) fromthe standpoint of the political problems to which theygive rise." Then later in the same work, he redefines :"Economics may be defined as the science which treatsof the social organization of want-satisfying activity, andmainly with that particular form of organization whichinvolves the use of money." This is a perfect exampleof a common trait among anti-intellectuals: in practicethey follow the intellectual virtues, but yet insist uponmaking noise like an anti-intellectual.For the intellectual a definition is a useful tool; it P. BARDEN, '34, Former Editor, The Daily Maroonis not expected to cover all cases either in theory or inpractice. Anti-intellectuals vocally refuse to assign oneand only one meaning to a term, even temporarily. Theyrefuse to define a position or a point of view, since that,in their set of prejudices, is the sin of "naming with appropriate flavor" in the category of "absolutistic verbalism."By limiting language in such a way as to make anyterm unreliable and any proposition false on the groundsthat language is subject to such limitation, the anti-intellectual repudiates that process of the intellect called reasoning. Psychologists defy anybody to think of the relationship between any two perceivable things withoutusing terms of language. Here the University's anti-intellectual camp is confronted with a dilemma they prefernot to recognize: thought without symbols for simplifying, systematizing, and communicating is impossible. Ascientist thinks in precise terms of mathematics or inless precise, but specialized terminology of his field. Thepeculiar moments of illumination that mark a man ofgenius come when a new relation of concepts, symbolizedby perfectly understandable terms, is discovered. Peopledo not merely think in the void; they must explain tothemselves what they are thinking by supplying terms forideas. If a single term represents a single idea, the thinking will be clear ; if several terms represent a single ideaor if a single term represents several ideas, the thinkingwill be confused. It is possible that someone could thinkclearly with symbols intelligible only to himself. Thispossibility might be the most charitable explanation thatcan be offered in behalf of the contemporary Universityanti-intellectuals. This writer has a kind of vague feeling for the anti-intellectual point of view ; he has neverseen their notions clearly stated. Why they want todestroy the validity of language which is intelligible toothers is still inexplicable.Some anti-intellectuals get around the dilemma ofthe close relation between thought and speech by denying that man is potentially rational — denying that he canreason at all. This opinion reduces man to the statusof a lower animal. The level to which that opinion reduces its protagonists is obvious. Perhaps an examination of the anti-intellectual attack upon reasoning processes is in order.They first draw a distinction between "wish-thinking" and truth. The sole method they recognize forachieving glimpses or fragments of relative truth is byquantitative laws, the sequence of which can be interpreted as causal, leading ideally to propositions intheoretical mechanics. Very roughly described, this procedure involves the collection of valid data from naturalphenomena, observation of operating principles, andformulation of those principles into methematical termswhich lead to mathematically expressed propositions in64THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 65theoretical mechanics. This process is called by a leading contemporary anti-intellectual a "unique, moderncreation to interpret natural phenomena." Yet is wasemployed by Archimedes during the Hellenistic periodof the ancient world. Its implication that principlesmay be obtained from collections of valid data was realized and practiced by Roger Bacon, a medieval scholar.Today the method has brought tremendous progress intheoretical mechanics and presumably in theoreticaleconomics, although the latter depends perilously uponthe famous provision, "All other things being equal,"when almost the only thing that can be said about theprovision is that it is never so.The anti-intellectual camp by subscribing to thequantitative method in realms of theoretical mechanicsand theoretical economics are subscribing to the strictestkind of logical reasoning with precise terminology andexact rules of procedure and criticism. They do notreconcile this stand with their hatred of logic, preciselydefined terminology, and intellectual rules for guidanceof thought. Furthermore, is truth confined to theoriesof mechanics and economics? The anti-intellectualshave expressed themselves against theory in general ; sothey have attempted to understand social phenomena inpractical economics, sociology, and political science interms of the quantitative method which is applicableonly to theoretical fields. It has been established thatsocial phenomena are not identical withnatural phenomena. Even if it were notestablished, the immense number of variables associated with collections of socialdata makes any derived quantitative lawsunreliable, limited, and impermanent evenfor short periods of time — to say the least.Attempts to predict results of the last national election on the basis of quantitative,statistical analysis failed miserably. Suchfailures are multiplied indefinitely in thesocial "sciences."Still, the local anti-intellectuals refuseto consider well-demonstrated propositionsof social ethics or politics on the groundsthat language is meaningless with "absolutistic verbalism," "question-begging definitions," and "wish-thinking." They pursue methods which contradict their anti-intellectual stand and which do not applyto social phenomena, then destroy all otherways and means to a clearer understandingof the field. But destruction by epithet hasnever been considered good criticism.There are only two honorable ways todiscredit reasonable conclusions: one is toundermine factual or theoretical premises, assumptions, or basic propositions;the other is to show flaws in the reasoningthat relates the premises to the conclusions.If there are any other honorable ways toconduct an intellectual dispute, anti-intellectuals have yet to suggest them. But theywill not ; they are doing too well with dishonorable methods. Their attacks upon language and speech are totally destructive; their attack upon the potential rationality of man is laughable.The accusation of "wish-thinking" is irrelevant in eitherdefending or attacking a proposition. If a personadopts a position because he wants it to be proved correct and if his premises are uncontestable and his reasoning faultless, his position is critically defensiblewhether he likes it or not. If someone adopts a position solely because he likes it or because he thinks themoon is made of green cheese, both reasons being irrelevant, that position can always be shown untenableand critically indefensible.What criteria of criticism has come from the anti-intellectual camp? None whatsoever. Though theychronically insist that all propositions be critically defensible, they repudiate all existing methods of criticism.There has been one good distinction made bythis group between truth-seekers and advocates. Thetruth-seeker discovers fragments of truth; the advocate defends them. They are usually one andthe same person, performing different functions.The moment a truth-seeker tells how and why hearrived at a particular fragment of truth, he is anadvocate. By supporting his premises and stating hisreasoning including factual evidence toward his conclusion, he is proceeding as an advocate to show that he isright. He is not always the same person. Plato wasSocrates' advocate as well as his own.Einstein persuaded most scientists to hisviews in the language of higher mathematics, but for the layman his views wereimperfectly translated into ordinarily intelligible language by., advocates. Newton'sPrincipia is the work of an advocate aboutthe discoveries of a truth-seeker wheretruth-seeker and advocate are the sameperson. Any knowledge contributed by atruth-seeker who is not also an advocateis lost to the world, unless by chance someone else understands the knowledge andcommunicates it, thus supplying the advocate's function. Therefore, there is no"nearly impassable gulf between the truth-seeker and the advocate" which was thepoint of a recent anti-intellectual article.To be very modern, American, pragmatic,and utilitarian about the matter, the truth-seeker is useless unless he communicateshis knowledge by assuming the role ofadvocate.The crowning nonsense which the advocates of modern, anti-intellectual thoughtlike to cry about is their fear of an intellectual dictatorship. They believe thatThis stone gentleman, better known tothe pigeons who circle his niche on theChapel Tower, is Thomas Aquinas, patron saint of the Barden School ofThought.66 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEelimination of ambiguity in linguistic terms, preliminarydefinition, and strict rules for judgment of propositionswill regiment all intellectual life in the hands of thosewho remove the ambiguities, devise the definitions andestablish the rules. They forget that there can be nodictatorship without compulsion and that what a persondecides is reasonable has never been considered a technique of compulsion. They forget that over all scientificand intellectual endeavor in United States there hangsa mantle of academic freedom — a principle to which intellectuals and most anti-intellectuals openly subscribe.Academic freedom assures professors and studentsthe right to say and think what they please. It is themost valuable right they possess. Yet a prominent representative of the anti-intellectual group stated in thismagazine : "It is a mistake to encourage people to thinkwithout a corresponding emphasis on a sifting of the product and adequate security that it will be done." Theprovision, "adequate security that it will be done," hasan ominous ring to it. Does this representative intendto prevent any person at the University from speakingout, even though that person does indulge in "wish-thinking" and "question-begging definitions" in the dim lightof anti-intellectual notions?As a matter of record, the anti-intellectuals havebeen extremely successful in a brand of racketeering.The University administration has been forced to forbid, in interests of keeping the peace, full academic freedom to several members of the faculty who representthe intellectual point of view. It is true that in last year'scontroversy the intellectuals were uncompromising andrelentless, but the conduct of the anti-intellectual opposition was undignified, garrulous, and malevolent. As aresult of the clamor raised by this group, the administration is now failing in its duty to maintain as complete an academic freedom as possible for some sectionsof the faculty. As matters stand, the plain fact is thatthe anti-intellectual element has succeeded in establishinga fairly severe intellectual dictatorship over thought andspeech at the University. This dictatorship is most unjust even if the principle of dictatorship were a just one.Glance upon the anti-intellectuals' qualifications for academic leadership.They are divided and they possess few constructivenotions. An economist among them places such restrictions upon language as to render it useless. A sociologistholds that men are not even potentially rational. A political scientist has dedicated his life-work to the exploitation of free-fantasy as a kind of thought not dependentupon rationality. They state rightly that a man is nojudge of his own ideas, then repudiate all impartial criteria and rules for criticism and judgment of ideas. Theyvaliantly combat a wind-mill of intellectual dictatorship,yet openly advocate restrictions upon the academic free dom of certain persons and actually maneuver such encroachments. They shadow-box with epithets like "question-begging definitions," when, in this case, they knowin practice that definitions are made only to be questionedand revised. They state that it is a mistake to encouragepeople to think without a "sifting of the product," butthey suggest no standards for that sifting process, exceptto advocate the elimination of all constructive methodsfor "sifting" devised in man's intellectual history.In the face of such contradiction, incoherency, andinconsistency shall the University allow the organizedpunditry of these elements to disrupt its calm devotionto an orderly pursuit of knowledge? Shall academicfreedom be limited at the University simply because amalicious element persists in noisily rationalizing a personal animosity toward individuals who represent theintellectual point of view? Why should not academicfreedom be granted equally to intellectuals and anti-intellectuals ?These are very good questions. Think them over.Author's Note:My reasons for submitting this point of view toalumni are two ; ( 1 ) Those competent to state the casecannot because their efforts would disrupt Universityharmony, and (2) I resented Mr. Frank H. Knight'sattacks upon The Daily Maroon, 1933-'34.Mr. Knight declared that, consistent with my policies, I refused to print his article which appeared in November's Alumni Magazine.I did refuse to print it, and the refusal was inconsistent with my policies and desires. It was a mechanical necessity. Five reasons contributed to my decision.(1) Mr. Knight's article was too long. (2) He refusedto cut it. (3) To add 3V2 columns to the Maroon onshort notice is impossible and we were in our last weekof publication. (4) Mr. Knight gave me no notice. (5)I had already promised Mr. Harry D. Gideonse spacein which to express the same views, which he did.Previously I had, by special preparation of six- andeight-page papers, published six columns .by studentsagreeing with me, followed by six columns by studentsdisagreeing with me. In addition, I printed two anti-Barden guest editorials, one by Mr. James Weber Linnand one by Mr. Harry D. Gideonse, as well as all lettersviolently disagreeing with me.Mr. Frank H. Knight's remarks about my editorialpolicies were, therefore, either ignorant or malicious.Needless to say, the views expressed in the abovearticle contain imperfections that signify incomplete edu-.cation. I do not wish to have anyone think that thepersons whose position I am trying to present wouldaccept any responsibility for my badly formulated views.—J. P. B.-oMIDWAY 0800By HOWARD W. MORT, Director, University Band(, (. T S THIS the University of Chicago? . . .MyI pet cat has just swallowed a valuable brooch.J- How can I save both the cat and the brooch ?""One moment, please. I will connect you with theDepartment of Physiology." (They operated, the catis still alive, the brooch has been returned to the ownerand cost was five dollars.)"Hello, Midway 0800? ... To settle a beCwillyou tell me how often a deer sheds its antlers?" . . ."Hold the wire, please, I will ring the Zoology Department." (Twice a year whether the bet is a quarter orfifty dollars.)""What is the plural of 'alibi' ?" . . . "What doyou do for a baby with colic?" . . .The life of a University of Chicago telephone operator is anything but dull. She is not required to passthe Department of Education's I. Q. tests nor tell howmany legs are visible on the horse in the background ofthe picture at which she has been allowed to gaze forthirty seconds but — When you call the University, thinking it the logical source of all knowledge, and she cannotanswer your question, she must know who can. Shemust do more than render the ordinary split-second service to a nervous and busy public which considers awrong number a personal insult and a thirteen seconddelay cause for congressional action.For example :You pick up the phone in Oak Park and call Midway 0800. You wish to speak to Professor (think of aname . . . any name. All right, Johnson will do) . . .Professor Johnson. But there are six Professor Johnsons ! All you remember is that this Professor Johnsonlives on Kenwood Street (none of our Professor Johnsons live on Kenwood, which keeps our illustration impersonal). With this information, the operator goes towork.Quickly she checks the Faculty Directory for theproper Johnson. Oh, yes, it is T. V. Johnson. Sheknows, without looking, that his office number is 472but she remembers that Mr. Johnson left word an hourago that he was leaving his office and could be reached atlocal 177 until eleven-thirty. She makes this connectionand, while 177 is answering, she resumes taking her shareof the normal fourteen calls per minute (one every fourseconds) flashing across the board. (At "peak" hoursit is much more than fourteen.) Butshe drops a "sleeve" over your connectionas a reminder that her duty toward youmay not have been completed. She mustkeep an eye on your connection in theevent she is "flashed back" to resume thesearch for Mr. Johnson.Her suspicion is confirmed. She is"flashed back" and directs the hunt farther. Professor Johnson has another office on the Quadrangles (of course she must knowthis) but he does not answer. Mr. Smith, she remembers, is Mr. Johnson's assistant. Would you careto talk to him? No, it is a personal matter with Mr.Johnson. Very well, Mr. Johnson's home phone is Midway 0000 (we are certain there is no such number).You may be able to reach him there. She is very sorryshe has not been of service to you in trying to reachMr. Johnson!Being an efficient University operator is no routinetask. Before this young lady is a board representingalmost six hundred separate outlets— a board that wouldserve efficiently a city of three thousand people, but acity that would make all its calls by number. Less thantwenty-five per cent of her calls are by number. Shemust know all the Smiths and Johnsons in the Universityfamily and where they can be "found" on the switchboard at a second's notice. The fact that she has grownup with this board helps, of course (Miss Anderson hasbeen a University operator since 1904 and a number ofthe girls have sixteen and seventeen years Universityservice to their credit.)Eight thousand calls a day is not an exceptionalrecord. The University Information Desk alone averages a call every three minutes. Of course there areseven other operators that help her keep the board "alive"twenty-four hours of every day but don't be surprisedif she returns home in the evening humming, "LittleGirl, You've Had a Busy Day."And when we asked Mrs. Dunbar, the chief operator, for a message to send her "public" that instinctivedesire of every good operator to improve service closedour interview with, "Tell them when they wish to 'flashback' the operator, move the receiver hook slowly so thelittle light will flash," and she showed us how nervousjiggling would not effect the light.Columbus Welcomes ChicagoThanks to the Chicago Alumni Club at Columbus,the football and band boys returned from their trip toOhio State with pleasant memories in spite of the defeat.Bill Harman, '00 an active member of the Club, left hiscoal business in the hands of his assistants for theweek-end and devoted his entire time to helping withthe reception.Perhaps the most novel part of theprogram was an arrangement made with alocal broadcasting station. The plan wasas follows :The boys of the team were to arriveat 6 :40 a. m. Cabs were chartered whichcarried radios. These cabs were to takethe boys from the depot to their headquarters in a down town club. Arrangements had been made for a fifteen minute6768 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE"Chicago" program overthe air, starting at 6 :45 andthe cab drivers were instructed to have their setstuned to that station. Stories about the individualmembers of the team hadbeen secured in advance~~and Chicago songs were tobe played at intervals throughout the program.Then things began to happen !Before train time it was learned that coach Shaughnessy had ordered the team to remain in the cars untileight o'clock so that the boys would be thoroughly rested.Harman immediately phoned the broadcasting stationand the time was obligingly changed to eight o'clock.At seven-twenty the report on the train was that itwould not arrive until 8:30. Again the radio stationwas called and, it developed, there was a fifteen minute"commercial" at 8:30 which could not be "cut." 8:45?Why, yes, they could put it on at that time, they guessed.Which explains the strange but audible prayer someone heard pass the lips of Harman, pacing the floor inthe waiting room — that the train be an hour late insteadof fifty minutes ! But the "breaks" were against Mr.Harman that morning. The train arrived at 8 :27 !We are not quite sure what Mr. Harman did to delay the unsuspecting boys for fifteen minutes at the depot.Maybe he had ordered the cabs to come fifteen minuteslate while he stood on the curb with the team and ravedabout the terrible cab service in Columbus. Perhaps hestood on the ladder of a near-by freight car and delivereda fifteen minute address of welcome. Or possibly heled them up the wrong stairway into the baggage roomand consumed the extra time extricating them fromamong the bananas.It doesn't make much difference for, what ever hedid, the boys entered the cabs at -exactly eight forty-five— and in excellent spirits. The program went on asscheduled and the members of the team were completelysurprised to hear their names floating through the ethermingled with the strains of "Wave the Flag." It neveroccurred to them to wonder why it took the cabs fifteenminutes to go seven blocks (they weren't paying the fare,of course!)It was a good "stunt" and worth all the worry andeffort involved, Mr. Harman.A One-Way Ticket to PersiaFrederic J. Gurney is on the high seas en route toPersia where he will make his home with his son, Taylor,who is an instructor in the American College at Teheran.The University of Chicago had not yet lighted thecandle on its first birthday cake when Mr. Gurney, aformer student under Dr. Harper, arrived to accept a position in the office of the Recorder. During the thirty-five years of his active service in that office he watchedDr. Harper's vision take form as the swamps disappeared and gave place to the city of grey stone towers.In those early years he lived in "Middle-Divinity"(now Gates Hall). Coach Stagg (not yet married) wasHead of Snell House. Mr. Gurney frequently joinedthe "Old Man" at breakfast in Widow Ingham's"Shanty" which formed the corner to Marshall Field(now Stagg Field) at the northeast corner of Ellis andFifty-seventh. He remembers when the "dining-room"of the Shanty was moved from the World's Fair grounds— where it had been a refreshment stand — to this corner.The kitchen, added as a sort of lean-to, was the toolshack used by the contractors who built Cobb Hall.Pie saw the Shanty finally succumb to the onwardmarch of the University as it was swallowed up by thegreat Stagg Field wall in 1912. He saw it re-appear,phanton-like, for short intervals each spring, beginningin 1919 when, standing in the shadow of a replica, "TheShanties" organization came into being with the avowedpurpose of keeping alive the sacred memories of Mrs.Ingham's ham and eggs.He remembers how Miss Josephine Allin (now assistant principal of the Chicago Harper High School)was so instrumental in making the "Shanties" a successthat she became affectionately known as "Mrs. AllinIngham." Mr. Stagg was honored with the first sandwich served under the roof of this re-born Shanty andHarry English, of Old Reynolds Club fame (Harry wasback on the Quadrangles just before Thanksgiving delivering turkeys from his Indiana farm to old friends — ¦same old good-natured Harry) was quite in evidencemaking folks feel at home.At five o'clock President Harper vied with "Teddy"Linn in the "solemn" fun of laying the cornerstone.Maroon tam-o-shanters became the official badges ofmembership and one had to be twenty years an alumnusbefore eligibility for membership was reached.Mr. Gurney is seventy-eight years of age andproudly watches the advance and growth of his (a verypersonal "his") University. His ideal of life is Dr.Harper (the present tense is correct) and he modestlyadmits that it was his (Mr. Gurney's) influence thatcaused President Mason to ask Dr. T. W. Goodspeedto write the life story of the University's first president.("it remained for President Mason, in consequenceof a suggestion of Mr. Frederic J. Gurney, definitelyto ask him to undertake it" — from the preface to thebook "William Rainey Harper.")As we bade Mr. Gurney God-speed, it was with afeeling that we could do him no more serious and personal injury than not to expend every ounce of ourenergy in making Chicago the greatest of all Universitiesin its service to mankind.IN A LITERARY MOODAN embarrassment of richesdescended upon the editors ofl the Magazine this month whenthey rounded up all the candidatesfor book reviews. So many alumnihave published books of real meritand of general interest since September that it is impossible to domore than name them and givea brief description. The widevariety of subjects covered is typical of the rugged individualism oftaste commonly displayed by Chicago alumni. As these notes aregleaned from a not too scientific survey of publishers' reports it is possible that we have overlooked someof the brethren. Additions to ourlist will be received with gratitude.A House of Her Own: MarjorieHill Allee, '12, (Houghton Mifflin,$2.00)A sequel to Judith Lancaster, andequally delightful to the girl from12 to 16.Laughing Their Way: MarthaBruere, ex, and Mary Beard, (Mac-Millan, $4.00)A notable defense of woman's humor.Do You Believe It?: Otis W. Caldwell, PhD'98, and Gerhard E. Lun-clen, (Doubleday Doran, $3.00)An entertaining intellectual house-cleaning of omens, signs, astronomical influences, evil eyes, andthe pet alibis of the timid andcredulous.Documents of American History:Edited by Henry S. Commager, '23,PhD'28, (Crofts and Co., $4.00)Fundamental sources of AmericanHistory from the Age of Discovery to the present. Professor Commager has supplemented his introductory notes with many references to special works for extended comment.Wind Swept Strings: Ida CapenFleming, AM'13, (Privately Printed,San Francisco, Calif.)A collection of poems of Californiaand vers de societe.ioo Poems of Peace: W. E. Garrison, DB'97, PhD'97, and ThomasClark, (Willett-Clark, $1.25)A quotable anthology.The Story of the Old Testament:Edgar J. Goodspeed, DB'97,PhD'98,(University of Chicago Press, $1.00)Sources and history of the OldTestament.0. Henry Memorial Award Prize Stories for 1934: Edited by HarryHansen, '09, (Doubleday Doran,$2.50)The sixteenth annual collection ofshort stories.The Housing Program of the Cityof Vienna: Charles O. Hardy, PhD'16, (Brookings Institute, $2.00).A record of the housing experiment of the Social DemocraticParty in Vienna in the post-waryears.Morning Shows the Day: HelenHull, '12, (Coward McCann, $2.50)A novel by the author of HeatLightning and Hardy Perennial.A story of seven people whoselives are interlocked by tragedy andhappiness during three eventfuldecades of American life. "Alivewith strong, vigorous writing. Animpressive and moving story."The New Democracy: Harold L.Ickes, '97JD'07, (Norton, $1.50)A discussion of the recent policiesof the national administration anda forecast of the future by the Secretary of the Interior.The Wise Choice of Toys: EthelKawin, '11,AM'25, (University ofChicago Press, $1.00)The selection of toys of educativevalue by a well known child psychologist; well illustrated withphotographs.From Galileo to Cosmic Rays: Harvey B. Lemon, Professor of Physics,(University of Chicago Press, $5.00)At last physics becomes not onlyintelligible but fascinating to theEnglish major. Mr. Lemon's authoritative and interesting presentation of what is sometimes agonizing subject matter is deservedlya best-seller among the season'spublications. The illustrations, too,deserve a special word of recognition.Collapse and Recovery: James Dy-sart Magee, AM'06,PhD'14, (Harpers, $3.00)Readings in current economicproblems.Plowing on Sunday: Sterling North,'29, (MacMillan, $2.50)Take it from one who was bornand brought up right down theroad from the Brailsford farm andknew, not only Stud and his family, but all of the neighbors, thisis a delightful, back-to -the-earthtale of Wisconsin farm life of twodecades ago. Social Insurance and Economic Security: Edward H. Ochsner, MD'94, (Bruce Humphries, $2.50)Questions the wisdom and justiceof taking the fruits of labor fromthe industrious, frugal and thriftycitizens, and giving them, withoutconsent, to the lazy, shiftless andimmoral.Thing of Sorrow: Elder Olson, '34,(MacMillan, $1.75)"A book of real poetry," says theSaturday Review of Literature.A Man of Purpose: Donald Richberg, '01, (Crowell, $2.00)A young idealist in politics.Towards Stability: Sumner H.Slichter, PhD' 18, (Henry Holt,$2.00)An incisive inquiry by an eminenteconomist into the problems ofbusiness stability.Beyond Conscience: T. V. Smith,PhD'22. Professor of Philosophy,(Whittlesey House, $3.00)A subtle and thought provokingattack upon the claims of conscience as an arbiter for good andevil.Creative Skeptics: T. V. Smith,PhD'22, (WiHett, Clark, $2.00)A defense of the liberal temper.Philosophers Speak for Themselves:T. V. Smith, PhD'22, (University ofChicago Press, $4.50)A sumptuous volume for thosewho have graduated from thestory-of-philosophy stage. "Herepass in stately procession the greatest minds of our early world —from Thales to Augustine. Asthey pass, they teach."Lucile Cranden and the New Deal:Charles Francis Stocking, '98 (TheMaestro Company, $2.00)A story of prosperous peoplecaught in the crash.Sun Yat-Sen, A Critical Biography:Lyon Sharman, PhD '06, (John DayCo., $3.50)A scholarly, delightfully writtenhistory of the most arresting citizen of China.The Early Career of AlexanderPope: . George Sherburn, PhD' 15,(Oxford University Press, $5.00)A biographical study up to theyear 1727.State Requirements for TeachingCertificates: Robert C. WoellnerAM'24, (Planographed, Universit)of Chicago)A much needed reliable survey.69IN MY OPINION• By FREDOF THE many blessings of middle age, not theleast is its potential emancipation from pretense.Middle age is the pleasant and hard-won halfway point between the unwitting honesty of childhoodand the conscious downrightness of old age.The child's freedom from pretense is disconcerting.He has not yet learned what he should, and should not,say. Every parent, every aunt and uncle has shudderedback from some unpreventable manifestation of childhood's conviction that the truth is to be spoken at alltimes. Intimately acquainted with the skeletons in thefamily cupboard, the child does not realize that he mustnot dangle their angularities before the casual visitor.But gradually, the imperceptible pressure of a thousandinhibitions begins to make itself felt upon his consciousness, and he becomes an initiate into that mysterious andirrational system of taboos which we dignify by the nameof decorum. Violations of the social code becomeweighted with the terrors of religious and moral disapprobation. I have not yet lost entirely the sense thatthere is something immoral (and not merely unhygienic)about the delectable habit of reading in bed. And it isonly recently that I have come to feel that reading overanother person's shoulder is merely discourteous and notunethical. Indeed, on a crowded suburban train or thecongested subway, it may seem a gesture, not of discourtesy but of human friendliness. At least, I no longermake any effort to rein in my curiosity as to what booksmy fellow-travelers may be reading. Of course, I justify the curiosity on the ground that I am conductinga systematic research into the pathology of contemporaryliterary culture.Any one who has profited by the unconscious wisdom of the very old will likewise relish their emancipation from conversational taboos. Youth that prides itselfon its courageous facing of the facts of life may verywell sit pupil-like at the feet of the aged, if it wouldlearn to take calmly the phenomena of biological existence. I, at least, though a bachelor, am no longer disconcerted when my sibylline elders indulge in obstetricalreminiscences. But such frankness and honesty, suchsimple-syllabled directness are the end-products of a longand painful process of emancipation from the pretensesground into us by years of submission to the unwrittenlaws of social intercourse.Certainly, adolescence, struggling valiantly for independence and individuality against a sea of inhibitions, isthe most taboo-ridden and tormented of life's periods.Profoundly uncertain of itself, it sees no avenue to socialacceptability save conformity with the most rigorous ofsociety's demands. It looks frantically hither and thitherfor norms and standards of thought and behavior. Anyone whose psychological censor is not over-active canrecall the hours and days of indecision wasted in contemplation of an unwelcome and unappetizing social obliga- B. MILLET, PhD '3 1 Associate Professor of Englishtion. Society is probably profoundly wise in its insistence that social occasions shall be taken with becomingseriousness, since it is only by exposure to such occasionsthat a technique for enduring boredom and ennui smilingly can be developed. The little savages that appeardisconcertingly in even the most cautious homes must betaught somehow to move gracefully through the mazesof social inhibitions.But surely in middle age, after a generation of halfhearted submission, one has earned the right to limit asnarrowly as possible his exposure to circumstances thatare doomed to fructify in boredom and ennui. Pragmatically, a social occasion is to be judged in terms of itsresults, and, if the returns on one's expenditure of timeand energy promise to be, not merely nothing but actually minus quantities, one seems justified in indulging inone of those white lies devised to alleviate social frictions.If the food promises to be good, one may be justifiedin putting up with dull conversation ; if the conversationpromises to be diverting, one can make a pretense ofeating. But if both food and conversation are certainto be dull, the kindly ghost of another engagement shouldcertainly be summoned from the vasty deep.I have at last arrived at a perfectly brazen honestywith regard to my dislike for games, especially parlorgames. The roots of my lifelong hostility to games are,of course, extremely deep. Probably the real reason isthat I am not — at least in the sphere of games — what isknown as a good sport. A good sport is apparently aperson who has developed a technique for pretending toenjoy being beaten when he really dislikes it very much.I can see the desirability of being a good sport when oneis playing what the muscle-bound clergymen — not tomention the adrenalized Rudyard Kipling — call the gameof life. But at the bridge table or in an orgy of charades,the game seems hardly worth the candle of good sportsmanship. Of course, I like to think that my antipathy togames comes from my stern Puritan ancestry. At least,none of my biologically expansive ancestors, so far as Iknow, indulged in games ; on the contrary, an elder generation looked with some suspicion on a gay uncle (bymarriage) who played High Low Jack (it was probablypoker) every Saturday night. My good parents, pathetically intent on the higher life of the intellect, certainly did not encourage, although they did not discourage, the playing of games. But nowadays, my bestprotection against games of all kinds is that they boreme. It is difficult to see why I should invest even atiny section of my steadily decreasing margin of leisurein activities that seem trivial and inconsequential. If Iwish to indulge in the trivial and inconsequential, I canalways go to a committee meeting.I am also pretty free from the pretenses thatthreaten the gentle art of reading. Of course, it is sometimes necessary, for academic or professional purposes,THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 71to pretend to be well acquainted with literary workswhich one has never read. As a matter of fact, a qualified ignorance of the literary works one is discussing, isfrequently a stimulus to one's own creative powers.Some of the most eloquent passages in my public discourses are creative fantasias inspired by hints andsuggestions furnished by greater authors. Moreover,scholarship being what it is, it is usually more profitableacademically to be familiar with the footnotes of literaryworks than with the texts themselves. Acquaintancewith what paradoxically has come to be called the "literature" of the subject is more important than acquaintancewith the literature itself.In the field of "light" literature, one shudders torecall the time he has spent reading the books that hisfriends and well-wishers insist that he ought to read.Surely, for relaxation, one ought to read only what hewants to read. If people would read only what they like,the literary-social atmosphere would be infinitelyhealthier. As it is, pretense being omnipresent, onegreets every protest of admiration for James Joyce orKay Boyle with suspicion or a smile. Nowadays I admitreadily that I am so busy that I read almost nothing, andthat, when I do read, I usually find it unnecessary toread what everybody else is reading. Thus when thereading of Anthony Adverse was an open sesame topolite society, I found it unnecessary to encounter thatmastodon, in the first place, because the book was utterlyunimportant except as material for the study of literary-cultural pathology, and in the second place, because Ishuddered at the possibility of becoming eligible foradmission to polite society. Lists of best sellers affectme like these gaudy diphtheria and measles signs thatflourish in suburban bungalow areas. And the fact thatthis year everyone is reading Stark Young's So Red theRose and Mary Ellen Chase's Mary Peters arouses in meonly two responses: the first, a feeling of warm congratulation that these two aging but fourth-rate talentshave made a popular killing, and the second, the conviction that what the public wants (and deserves) is sooth-A Differing OpinionThe Editor, University of Chicago Magazine.Dear Sir:I have read with considerable interest the articleon motion pictures by Dr. Fred B. Millett that appearedin the November issue of the Magazine. So many ofhis points are wrell taken that it seems captious to suggest a correction with respect to the structure and purpose of the Production Code Administration. Nevertheless I am sure Dr. Millett will wish to have moreaccurate information on this subject than is reflectedin his article.The Production Code Administration, the centralcooperative body through which a uniform interpretationof the Production Code is obtained, is not a one-manshow, nor is it dominated by any creed. Mr. Breen,the director, is ably assisted by seven qualified collaborators whose wide experience enables them to bring apractical viewpoint to their work. ing syrup and not champagne. I shall immediately becharged with literary snobbishness, which is infinitelysillier than social snobbishness and much less urgentlyneeded. But my friend's preference of Priestley to Virginia Woolf does not blind me to virtues in him thatcounterbalance his heritage of original sin.Only very recently, however, have I arrived at whatI believe to be complete honesty with regard to music,an art only slightly less snobbishly seductive than contemporary painting. Long since, I shed the last vestigeof pretense as to grand opera; now I am quite certainthat of all the operas I have heard there are only two Iwant ever to hear again : Debussy's Pelleas and Meli-sande and Gertrude Stein's Four Saints in Three Acts.But symphonic music has proved the last enemy to fall ;around symphonic music there is an almost impenetrableaura of aesthetic and social snobbishness. The simplefact is that most symphonic music bores me; the simplefact is that I should rather go to a bad movie than to agood concert. I am delighted to have the young andsturdy, swathed in aesthetic pretensions, utilize my concert ticket; for-myself, I prefer, on my night off, to stealaround the corner for pure and mindless relaxation at afifth-rate movie. In the first place, at the fifth-rate moviepalace, one walks down and not up ; one is soothedand comforted by seductive and soporific lighting, andnot assaulted by a thousand glaring watts and volts ; oneis bathed by air-cooled zephyrs, and not baked in thefetid super-heat of a concert hall; finally, the encompassing darkness protects one from the spectacle of theserried and over- fed auditory. On entering the moving-picture palace, one checks his mind with his hat, andfloats for a time on the dark mindless sea of elementaryemotion. Here is a refuge from the exhaustive concentration necessary for the appreciation of Brahms andStrauss. Here is a perfect setting for that unrestrainedwishful thinking in which most people who think theyare listening to music indulge amid the distracting sightsand noises of the concert hall.The Administration's rulings are not arbitrary.They are based upon the principles which the producersthemselves have accepted to guide production into socially constructive channels. In applying these principlesthe Administration uses the same judgment and common sense that practical men would employ in dealingwith similar problems in any other field.Dr. Millett's reference to a "single benighted individual" is obviously an unintentional slur. Had heknown Mr. Breen personally he would not have usedthese words. Mr. Breen is the least "benighted" personI know. He is a man of the world, a two-fisted Irishnewspaper man, with international experience, and thefather of a fine, large family.I am taking the liberty of enclosing some material. that Dr. Millett might like to read over at his convenience. I believe it will give him a better idea of the purpose and scope of the work that is now being done at(Continued on page 82)NEWS OF THE QUADRANGLES• By JOHN P. HOWE, '27NOVEMBER'S normal account of campus newsmust be submerged this month. University menhave been directly concerned during this yearwith the preparation of two highly significant analyses ofAmerican foreign policy. President Hutchins has headedthe Commission of Inquiry into national policy in international economic relations, the report of which, carrying specific recommendations for immediate action on aseries of controversial matters, has just been published.Ten outstanding members of the social sciences faculty,comprising the commitee of the Norman Wait HarrisFoundation, have just published their joint conclusionsand recommendations on America's long-term role inworld affairs.Both reports embody the best intelligence of theUniversity on matters of critical national importance atthe moment, and, by the same token, reflect the best intelligence of the country. Because both reports have received wide attention, and seem certain to exert some influence on the course of national affairs, a discussion ofthem would seem to overshadow a recounting of thecomings and goings of the campus. Despite the factthat the "Hutchins Report" concerns immediate problems while the Harris report deals with long-range policies, the two documents exhibit remarkable similarities.Both insist that a reversal of America's present trend toward economic as well as political isolation is fundamental to national interest and international well-being;where they touch upon the same specific problems theyconcur, in general, on the action to be taken. This is notwholly due to accident, or to a complete unanimity ofopinion among scholars. Of the many statements submitted to the Hutchins commission during the course ofits deliberations, five of the ten deemed worthy of publication in full in the final report are by University ofChicago men.The "Hutchins Report"A year ago the Social Science Research Council,with the approval of President Roosevelt, appointed acommission of seven, headed by President Hutchins, toprepare a statement on American foreign economic policy to be reported to the nation as a program of action.The Rockefeller Foundation agreed to finance the activities of the commission. The commission held publichearings in a number of cities, and received many otherstatements, general and statistical, as an aid to its deliberations. President Hutchins devoted considerable timeto the project, as did Dr. Beardsley Ruml, until recentlyDean of the Social Sciences Division at the University,who also served on the commission. The report is a400-page volume, published by the University of Minnesota Press, the first six pages of which summarize therecommendations of the commission.Most general of the commission's conclusion is this: "The American government should by action asrapid and dramatic as possible endeavor to reverse thetrend toward economic isolation. Otherwise it must beprepared to accept a drastic dislocation and reorganization of industry and agriculture, or capital and labor. "Seven specific political measures, and a series of economic and administrative measures, are recommended.Pointing out that "International economic relationscannot be greatly improved until the distrust and tensionnow prevailing in the world are relieved," the commission's political recommendations are, considerablybriefed: (1) Continued participation in the Disarmament Conference, cooperation with the League of Nations in such of its activities as cannot involve us in European conflicts, and adherence to the World Court.(2) Continuance of present policy in South America andthe Caribbean as exemplified by the Montevideo Conference, the repeal of the Platt Amendment and the withdrawal of troops from Haiti. (3) Immediate withdrawalfrom the Philippines on terms that will protect theireconomic life from injury by American tariffs. (4) Placing of Oriental immigration on a non-discriminatorybasis. (5) Repeal of the Johnson Act forbidding loansto countries in default. (6) Immediate settlement of thewar debts. (7) Recommendation that our governmentmake it clear that future investments abroad are at theinvestor's risk, the investor being remitted for assistanceor redress to the authorities of the country where theinvestment is made. On the war-debt issue, most perplexing and contentious of the seven subjects discussed,the commission says this: "We do not believe that theinterests of the United States require any payment.Since, however, some countries desire to pay something,we recommend the appointment of a commission withfull power to effect settlements. We suggest a lump-sumpayment, possibly to be effected through the transfer ofsecurities to be obtained by foreign governments throughthe exchange of their bonds for American issues held bytheir nationals or by any other method that minimizes.transfer difficulties. The proposed commission shouldhave discretion to accept in part settlement defaulted obligations of political units of the United States." Thelatter statement was explained by Dr. Hutchins as meaning defaulted issues of southern states from Civil Wartimes, or defaulted municipal issues, for example.Economic measures deal with the tariff, agriculturalpolicy, foreign investments and monetary policy. Thecommission recommends the lowering of tariffs, withcertain safeguards, or their removal where such actionwould not increase unemployment in this country. Admitting that tariff reductions might result in a temporary increase in unemployment, the commission pointsout that some tariffs might be lowered without throwingpeople out of work, and that certain others are ineffective."Whatever the effect on the volume of new imports, theinfluence of removing or lowering these barriers on the72THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 73trade policies of other governments and hence on the ultimate revival of world trade would be considerable,"the commission states. "A bolder policy could accompany an ascending scale of national recovery."To achieve "a more wholesome balance in the international accounts of the United States," the commissionmakes the following recommendations with regard totariff: (1) Removal of tariffs in all cases in which noserious addition to unemployment would result (as intariffs on non-competitive products, and tariffs exclusively for revenue) ; (2) If these measures do not proveadequate to increase imports to the necessary degree,rates on other commodities should be lowered, increasesin the volume of goods admitted to be subject to controlin order to minimize the danger of unemployment; (3)Consideration by the government of the payment of adismissal wage to labor thrown out of employment as adirect consequence of sudden changes in the tariff; (3)Speedy negotiation of reciprocal trade agreements pending downward revision of the tariff.Fundamental readjustments in American agriculture being necessary, the commission feels that thepresent policies of the Department of Agriculture shouldbe given further trial. Domestic allotment subsidiesshould be granted only on the basis of compensatingagriculture for the effects of existing industrial tariffs.All efforts to raise agricultural prices without differentiating between domestic and world prices should bediscontinued, since they stimulate foreign production tothe detriment of the farmer's export market. All othermeasures tending to restrict exports, such as the cottonloan policy, should be abandoned.With regard to foreign investments, the commission is opposed to restrictions on long term private loansabroad, regards foreign lending by the United Statesgovernment itself as unwise, urges greater publicity asto the volume of international short-term lending, andrecommends that no steps be taken by the governmentto restrict American branch factories abroad.The nation's gold stocks should be used exclusivelyas at present for the settlement of international payments, the section on monetary policy recommends. Thegovernment should, however, announce that it does notintend to exercise further its power to change the priceof gold, and that it will freely permit the export ofgold at the present official price for the settlement ofinternational payments. There is only a minor relationship between the official prices of gold and the general price level, except for those commodities importantin world trade, the commission believes. Reducingtaxes, as well as increasing expenditures, is a methodof increasing purchasing power, the commission pointsout, and the large Federal deficit thus created for emergency purposes need not threaten our financial structureif accompanied by sound policies for increasing production and employment. Reduction of excise taxes would bepreferable to reduction of income or estate taxes.Under "Administrative Measures," the commissionrecommends the enlargement of the Tariff Commission'spowers, giving it authority to change rates, subject toCongressional veto; and urges greater attention to co ordination between government departments relating toforeign economic matters, including the creation of anadditional assistant secretaryship in the Department ofState for this work, adequate staffing of the ExecutiveCommittee on Commercial Policy and establishment of aliaison committee between the two houses of Congressfor this purpose.In a foreword to the report President Hutchinswrites : "The problems dealt with in this report are sourgent that we are justified in asking the *thoughtfulconsideration by American people of the conclusions wesubmit. They have been formed not by our thinking-alone but by the aid of men and women in all sectionsof the country who united in one interest — their concern for the national welfare. No more difficult timein American or world history could be chosen for theproposal of a policy in international economic relations.Yet these very difficulties make the issues we haveweighed insistent and inescapable and make it necessaryto devise practicable measures to meet them. For over acentury the interdependence of all nations in the exchange of goods and services has been weaving theworld into a seamless web. This reality has not beenobscured, it has been made more evident in the war andpost-war years."The Harris Report^ Until international political stability is organized andmaintained foreign economic policy of the United Statesshould be kept flexible in order that rapid adjustmentsto changing political and technical conditions may remain easily possible, the Harris Foundation recommendsin its report, which is published as a pamphlet by theUniversity Press. The report replaces for this year theannual Institute on International Relations which hasbeen held under the auspices of the Foundation since1924.The Norman Wait Harris Memorial Foundation wasestablished at the University in 1923, for "the promotionof^ a better understanding on the part of Americancitizens of the other peoples of the world, thus establishing a basis for improved international relations and amore enlightened world-order."Since 1924, the Foundation has held an annual Institute on some phase of international relations, in whichAmerican and foreign experts have participated. Institutes have dealt with European reconstruction, theFar East, Mexico, the British Empire, foreign investments, population, American foreign policy, unemployment, monetary stabilization, and public opinion inworld-politics.Quincy Wright, professor of international law atthe University, undertook the primary drafting of thememorandum, but the statement represents the composite views of all members of the Harris Committee.In addition to Professor Wright, Ellsworth Faris, professor of sociology; Harry D. Gideonse, associate professor of economics; Samuel N. Harper, professor ofRussian language and institutions; Harley F. McNair,professor of Far Eastern History and institutions ; William F. Ogburn, professor of sociology; Donald Sles-74 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEinger, associate dean of the Division of Social Sciences;Bernadotte E. Schmitt, professor of modern history;Fred L. Schuman, assistant professor of political science,and Griffith Taylor, professor of geography, signed thestatement.Pointing out that it is in determining long rangeobjectives that historians and political scientists canmake their most useful contribution, the statement offerstwenty recommendations for a long-run constructiveAmerican policy, aimed primarily at achieving world stability. Because the Pact of Paris is the one declarationof American foreign policy since the war which has metno substantial opposition in the United States, that Pactis recommended as the general guide to the policy of thecountry.It is proposed that the United States seek to achieveinternational agreements which would strengthen thePact. Renouncement of force except for territorial defense, disarmament measures which would make territorial invasion difficult ; international control of and publicity regarding arms manufacture and traffic ; development of more effective techniques of international conference to avoid war; non-recognition of gains of aggression, and modification of inter-national policies as to,neutrality in order to favor states found to be victimsof aggression, are corollaries to the Pact recommendedas objectives of the American foreign policy.In its recommendations as to definition and modification of the status quo, the report urges that the traditional American policy of arbitraton and conciliationin international disputes be strengthened by actionthrough international tribunals. A central body, such asthe Council of the League of Nations, is a necessarysupplement to the American agreements for conciliation under the Bryan treaties and the Pan-Americantreaties, the report states.Ratification of the statute and optional clause of thePermanent Court of International Justice, and acceptance of qualified membership in the League of Nationsfor consideration of disputes to which the United Statesis a party, and which diplomacy has failed to settle, andwhich are not submitted to the Court or any other arbitral body, are proposed.Establishment also of formal relations with theLeague to permit the United States to participate inconsideration of the changes in the political status quo,is recommended by the report. To facilitate participation in international conferences dealing with technical,economic, and legal problems, and in political and disarmament conferences involving world-stability, theHarris statement suggests that the United States establish permanent relations with the League.These relations could be provided through diplomatic representation, membership with reservations, orfull membership after revisions of the Covenant, whichwould exclude all obligation to participate in positivesanctions, but would assure the right to participate inAssembly and Council discussions of general interest.In its discussion of economic policy and political stability, the statement calls attention to the dependenceof many states upon markets or sources of raw mate rials in foreign territory, which under present international law may be cut off by tariffs, quotas or prohibitions.The report proposes that changes in tariff, currency,or commercial policy be avoided when they impose disproportionate burdens upon the economic interests ofother states ; that unconditional most- favored-nationtreatment be observed in international economic relations; that general agreement be made, preventing unreasonable discrimination and the abusive exercise ofdomestic jurisdiction in such relations, and recognizingthe duty of compensation in case foreigners have suffered material loss from such abusive exercises of jurisdiction.Establishment of an international court of claims toconciliate economic controversies between governmentsand nationals of other states, after local remedies havefailed, is suggested as a means of withdrawing from therealm of political discussion a type of controversy whichhas tended to increase in recent years.Approving the policy of the United States in withdrawing from imperial responsibilities, the Harris memorandum suggests that the Philippine Islands be givenspeedier freedom than is now contemplated, throughnegotiation of a treaty liquidating special economic relations of the United States, and that the Four-PowerPact of 1922 be extended to apply to the islands afterthey receive independence. In the Caribbean and CentralAmerican countries, re-negotiation of treaties restoringas far as practicable the complete independence of thecountries, is proposed.Modern economic structure is peculiarly sensitiveto political conditions, and the United States, becauseof the extent to which it has taken advantage of theproductive opportunities of credit, of specialization, andof mass production, is increasingly vulnerable to anysudden disturbance of the balance of its economic relations, the report says. Stability of American economicprogress is therefore particularly dependent upon thereduction of prospects of war."Political stability, however, is also dependent uponeconomic factors," the memorandum continues. "Depression and political instability react upon each otherin a vicious circle. In times of political stability governments may be willing to commit themselves to policies looking toward the economic benefit of geographicaldivision of labor and broadening international trade. Intimes of political tension, however, they naturally thinkmore of promoting their own self-sufficiency as a measure of defense, whether they anticipate neutrality orbelligerency in the threatened hostilities."It is seldom advisable for governments to committhemselves very far to any economic foreign policyuntil an epoch of prolonged political tranquility is probable. A state whose economy is wholly dependent on international trade will suffer in times of political tensionand war, but a state whose economy has become moreor less self-sufficient will be unable to take advantageof the opportunity for increased productivity offeredby world-trade in a more tranquil political setting.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 75"Economic foreign policy under present circumstances, should, therefore, be flexible. Long range economic foreign policy aimed directly at securing the fulladvantage of world-trade cannot be safely contemplateduntil there are reasonable prospects for prolonged political stability."Rigorous government control or regulation — inevitable under a program striving toward economic self-sufficiency — might increase the difficulty of adjusting theeconomy of the United States to new inventions and discoveries, and accompanying changes in wants and values.Essential flexibility in the presence of economic changemight therefore be sacrificed by a formulation of long-range policy in the light of conditions of political instability. Here, again, a flexible economic policy wouldseem to be indicated while efforts are made to lay amore dependable foundation for political stability."Economic foreign policy, the memorandum observes, should recognize the interdependence of all itemsof the United States' balance of international payments.While a considerable measure of freedom existed in theworld, inadequacies and contradictions in public policies affecting commodity movements, long and short-term credit, monetary policy, public and private debtpayments, and "invisible" items were ironed out. Withmultiplication of control devices, the need for coordination of at least all public objectives becomes crucial. Therecommendation is made that insofar as the governmentundertakes control of tariff, monetary policy, and long-and short-term capital movements, such controls shouldbe coordinated.Advocating the principle that economic transactionsshould rely upon continuing mutual economic interestalone, the report holds that political or military threatsshould not enter into either the making or fulfillment ofcontracts. It advocates the principle that private andpublic international economic transactions be avoided,except insofar as liquidation may be expected becauseof mutual economic interest.In accord with this policy, the government shouldmake no effort to obtain foreign markets for Americangoods and capital, except to the extent that it preparedto open the American market for sufficient imports tomaintain the international balance of payments. Fullpublicity as to the purpose of loans, so as to discourageAmerican bankers from making loans to foreign governments and corporations for other than economicallyproductive purposes, is proposed.If political loans are justified by extraordinaryemergencies, they should be re-negotiated as soon as possible after the emergency to assure full liquidationwithin a few years. In the absence of a clear denialof justice, the government should avoid direct intervention in the task of collecting defaulted foreign issuesheld by American nationals.The report criticizes the Johnson act as a means ofmaking access to the American money market a politicalinstrument for the collection of political debts. Insistenceon full payment by the Act, the report says, has resulted in general default on payments with the exception of Finland. The Monroe Doctrine should be maintained, but interpreted as signifying an objection by the United States,as well as by the other American states, to the extension by non-American powers of their territory or political influence in the Western Hemisphere, with theunderstanding that any controversy as to its interpretation is subject to settlement by the normal internationalprocedure for dealing with international controversiesof a non-legal character.In the Far East, the memorandum recommendsthat "the doctrine of the open door and of the territorialand administrative integrity of China be maintained;that general consultation under the Pact of Paris beutilized to maintain these doctrines; that changes contrary to these doctrines, including the establishment of'Manchukuo,' be recognized only as a result of generalagreement resulting from such consultation; that extraterritoriality of China be relinquished by general agreement of the treaty powers; and that oriental immigration be regulated by the quota system."The suggestion is also advanced that the Constitution be modified to confer the treaty-making powerupon the President and a majority of both Houses.An important contribution to efficient foreign policy, the concluding suggestion says, would be the increase by Congress of appropriations for the Department of State, especially to enlarge the publication ofofficial materials and to increase the efficiency of thehome and foreign services of the department. "Niggardly" appropriations of Congress are held responsiblefor understaffing and underpayment of the home service, underpayment of the foreign service, discontinuance of posts, and making preference for men of wealthnecessary in many posts.NotedAt present, the memorandum says, the UnitedStates spends as much for the army and navy in a dayas it does for the Department of State in a year. Whileforeign offices cost the British, French, Italian, and German governments from 20 to 60 cents for every $100of the national budget, the Department of State receives only about 5 cents for every $100 of the budget.Professor T. V. Smith was elected State Senatorfor the 5th Illinois district, which includes the University, in the November elections. He defeated theincumbent. Professor Smith's teaching schedule willbe arranged so that his vacation periods will fit theregular sessions of the Assembly. . . Ellmore Patterson, football captain, was elected president of the senior class. . . The Daily Maroon received a 900-wordtelegram from Senator Huey Long replying to a resolution by Big Ten editors censuring him for interference with the Louisiana State University student paper.. . Professor Jacob Viner, who has been serving asspecial assistant to the Secretary of the Treasury, willreturn to the campus to resume his teaching on Jan. 1st.. . Mary McDowell, founder and long-time head of(Continued on page 76)IN APPRECIATION __MAUDE RADFORD WARREN EDWIN P. BROWNA BRILLIANT member of the class of 1896, MaudeRadford Warren, died on July sixth of this year.After taking her M. A. Degree, she had been a lectureron English Literature in University College up to thetime of her marriage in 1907 to Dr. Joseph Parker Warren, of the Department of History. But writing was thework which most attracted her and she had already foundan audience for her stories and for the sympathetic andhumorous travel sketches in which she especially excelled.After Dr. Warren's death she traveled widely, west,south and north — even beyond the arctic circle — on thisside of the world, and in Europe, Asia and Africa onthe other. When we entered the war, the Y sent herto France and she went ardently, getting nearer to thefront than any other American woman. What she sawthere can be read in the book she published later, "TheWhite Flame of France;" what she did will be longremembered by the veterans she fed and nursed, spending herself with enthusiastic energy. Those who heardher describe her experiences, on a short visit home, willnot easily forget the impression she made — one of theearliest to bring back first hand news from our ownbattlefields — nor the buoyant and magnetic courage withwhich she spoke. At the end of the war she came homewith the rank of Major in the grateful regiment withwhich she had served. Adventure was more than everin her blood after that. She went to Egypt and to Persia.She was on the first ship to arrive at Baku after its capture by the Bolsheviks, and was kept prisoner by themfor eight weeks. Year before last she visited the Sovietcountry again, and wrote of what she had seen. She published eight or ten novels, deft pictures of contemporaryAmerica, but it is perhaps her talk, racy, whimsical,warm-hearted, and her charming voice which those whoknew her will remember best. A gallant, vivid personality — vanished while her powers were still expanding.News of the Quadrangles, (Cont. from Page 75)the University Settlement back of the yards, was honored on her 80th birthday, which occurred during themonth. . . Thornton Wilder's new novel, "Heaven'sMy Destination," is the January choice of the Book-o'f-the-Month Club. Professor Wilder will teach during thewinter quarter, then take several quarters off for writing. . . The first section of the new "Historical Dictionary of American English," which has been in preparation at the University for some years under the direction of Sir William Craigie, will appear this January.Twenty-five sections will be published separately duringthe next few years before the final volumes are bound.. . President Robert M. Hutchins has been made atrustee of the Rosenwald Fund. . . Handel's opera"Xerxes" will be produced at the University February Edwin P. Brown, '96, for thirty-three years principal of Wayland Academy at Beaver Dam, Wisconsin,distinguished as an educator and beloved by thousandsof his students, died November 20, 1934, after an illnessof several months.In tribute to him the mayor of Beaver Dam requested all business and professional men to close theirplaces of business from 1 :00 to 3 :00 o'clock, the afternoon of his death. He had lived in this city all hislife, save for the years spent in various educational institutions.After graduating from Wayland Academy in 1890,he taught Latin and Greek at Gale College, Galesville,Wis. He then studied at Brown University for twoyears, transferring to the University of Chicago in 1894,where he finished his work for the bachelor's degree.Later he taught at Morgan Park Military Academy, anaffiliate of the University, and then joined the facultyof Wayland Academy. He taught until 1901, whenhe was made principal, a position which he held untilhis death.Although his work in building up WaylandAcademy was outstanding, it was his contact with hisstudents that was most valued. At the celebration ofhis completing twenty-five years as head of the Institution, President Faunce of Brown University wrote asfollows : "Always your institution has stood for mentaldiscipline, for trained intelligence, for Christian idealsand devotion to public leadership." President Evans,of Ripon College, at the same time, wrote : "I am writing personally and on behalf of Ripon College, but Icould write with equal emphasis if I had the authorityto speak for the State of Wisconsin for the far-reachinginfluence which your students have exerted throughoutthe world."16th and 17th by the Department of Music and others.. . Among the lecturers at the University during November were Gertrude Stein, who spoke twice, onceto the English department and once to the RenaissanceSociety; Dr. Francis Wei, president of Central ChinaCollege, who delivered the Haskell lectures; Edna St.Vincent Millay, poet, who spoke under the auspices ofthe Moody Foundation; Richard Washburn Child, former ambassador to Italy, who spoke for the StudentLecture Service ; Jacques Maritain, Catholic philosopher ;Fred Henderson, British labor leader; Senator GeraldNye, who conducted the recent senate munitions inquiry ;and Prof. O. M. W. Sprague, economist who resignedas adviser to the Treasury department in protest againstits policies.76ATHLETICSScores of the MonthFootball :Chicago, 19; Missouri, 6Chicago, 20; Purdue, 26Chicago, 0; Ohio State, 33 MChicago, 7; Minnesota, 35Chicago, 0; Illinois, 6CHICAGO football, it will be observed from thetabulation of results, got back to a normal basisafter the early season splurge. There should beno great surprise at this outcome, which was apparentlyinevitable, even when the team was rolling along. Thepressure of a heavy schedule uncovered the inherent defects of the team, which reached its height against Purdue and then lost its drive. Defensively, there was littleimprovement as the season went along, and the lineshowed no basic development. As the systematic BigTen had more opportunity to study the offense, and onthe basis of that analysis developed a defensive patternto handle the Chicago attack, the element of deceptionwhich was so important lost most of its efficacy. Theonly disappointment of the season, however, was thefailure to win the Illinois game. Ohio State and Minnesota had too great an advantage in man power for theMaroon players, but Illinois was physically no strongerthan Chicago, if as strong.This serial report broke off last issue with the Indiana victory. After that came Missouri and Chicagocarried its winning streak to four straight. That triumphwas not achieved without some difficulty, however, andit was an ominous portent of what was to come later. Ateam made up largely of reserves found itself unable tohold the Tigers in check, a performance that in itselfcaused no dismay. But even with the first team in, theline was shot full of holes through which Missouri madeall its gains, and there was an epidemic of six fumbles.Missouri scored by recovering a rolling punt which hadtouched Tommy Flinn, and it was only by dint of someheroic work by Berwanger that Flinn was able to scorethe tying touchdown in the last seconds of the first half.After that, Chicago's superior offensive strength madethe game safe.The Purdue game was the most spectacular thathas been played on Stagg Field since the .1924 tie withIllinois, and it would have been an even greater thrillerhad. there not been a cloudburst all through the secondhalf. Chicago's fight in that game was a beautiful thingto watch, a display of courage and despair that took thesting out of the defeat and the crashing of the season'shopes. The first time that Ned Bartlett carried the ballhe was injured so badly that he had to be removed. Berwanger also was crippled early, but there wasn't a signof that injury in his play. Purdue, using its two finebacks, Carter and Purvis, on powerful running plays,and taking full advantage of the Chicago weakness on • By WILLIAM V. MORGENSTERN, '20, JD '22pass defense, scored two quick touchdowns. Those twotouchdowns came in less than ten minutes, and the gamelooked like a rout. But Chicago rallied, and on the firstplay of the second quarter, Berwanger passed to Flinnfor a touchdown. And shortly afterward, the play whichChicago used with great effectiveness during the firsthalf of the season, a fake run by Berwanger, followedwith a pass to Flinn, scored another touchdown. Berwanger's kick put Chicago ahead, but Purdue scoredagain before the half on another pass. With the downpour, there seemed to be no chance of further scoring,but in the fourth quarter Purvis, seemingly stopped,finally broke through the entire Chicago team to goseventy yards to a touchdown. In that hopeless situation, Chicago took the ball from its own 15 yard line tothe goal in a lurching, blind march of passes, fakepasses, and runs. Three times the drive seemed sure tofounder, for it was third down, ten to go, but each timethe gallant fight succeeded. Finally, Flinn passed toBerwanger for the six yards that meant the touchdown.Defensively, it was a rotten football game, but as an exhibition of offense and spirit, it was magnificent.For the Ohio game the team was crippled, with Berwanger and Clarence Wright unable to play at all, andBartlett slowed up with a brace on a knee. John Baker,best of the Maroon ends, broke his nose on a tackle inthe first quarter. So hard pressed was Coach Shaughnessy for a punter that he had to use Jack Scruby, a lineman, for the job. With Berwanger out, the team had noconfidence in itself, and naturally played below its capabilities. Only in the third quarter was the team in theball game, and then a fumble on the goal line lost theone scoring chance. Berwanger returned for the Minnesota game, and for a half, Chicago made a great fight.Berwanger made fourteen tackles in the first half, andPatterson did a beautiful job backing up the other sideof the line. A highly questionable decision of interference on a long forward pass gave Minnesota a touchdown in that first half, but the real disaster was an injuryto Patterson shortly before the second quarter ended.Chicago recovered a Minnesota fumble close to the goalline when Patterson was hurt, but the chance to tie thegame stalled because of his substitute's bad passes fromcenter. With Patterson unable to play, Coach Shaughnessy moved Berwanger back to the far corner of hisdefense, for Berwanger alone could not stop the Gopherdrive. Then the rout was on, Minnesota rolling up fourmore touchdowns by plowing through the crumbling linebefore Bart Smith intercepted a forward pass and ransixty yards for the lone touchdown.For Illinois, the team was in good physical condition so far as the availability of all the players was concerned, but the squad was worn down by the three preceding hard games. The Illinois line consistently out-charged the Chicago line, and it had a beautifully con-7778 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEceived defense for Berwanger. Outclassed in the line,and with stumbling open field blocking by the interference, there was no chance to shake Berwanger loose.The only hole was at guard, and though Bart Smith andEwald Nyquist made considerable ground on plunges,there was no consistency to the attack. Whenever Chicago did start somewhere on its driving, the opportunitywas wasted with a fancy play, usually a lateral pass, thatcost enough ground to force a punt. Illinois scoredearly on a break, when Ralph Balfanz batted a pass intothe hands of Galbreath, tackle, on the goal line. TheIllini played a strictly defensive game thereafter, concentrating on efforts to prevent Berwanger from gettingaway on runs. Jay's kicking in this game was below hisusual performances, and Lindberg's considerable advantage in punting helped materially in the Illinois defensiveefforts. The defeat in this game dropped Chicago toseventh place in the final percentage of the Big Ten.The two outstanding players of Chicago this yearwere Capt. Ell Patterson and Jay Berwanger. Bothwere unanimous choices for the numerous all-conferenceteams, which have slightly more meaning than the all All-America selections which are at present flooding thecountry. Berwanger so far has been named on at leastone of the "big name" All America teams and undoubtedly is one of the country's best backs. Patterson's leadership, as well as his play, meant a great difference tothe team. He was a consistently accurate passer ; andhis defensive play was outstanding. The Chicago defense was so set up that Patterson had a tremendous jobof tackling, but he handled it perfectly. The differencethat his presence made was demonstrated in the Minnesota game, just as Berwanger's absence from the lineupagainst Ohio proved what Jay meant to the team. Berwanger's offensive activities lendthemselves more easily to statisticalpresentation than do Patterson's. Therecord shows that Jay carried theball from scrimmage 136 times during the season for 595 yards, an average of 4.4 yards per play; punted78 times for an average of 38.8 yards,although 23 of his kicks were placedout of bounds, with only five goingover the goal line. Of 45 passes, 14were complete for a total gain of 297yards. He made 8 touchdowns and8 points after touchdown for the season. Those are samples of his work.Berwanger undoubtedly would havebeen even more effective if he did nothave to do so much on both offenseand defense, and if he had had betterall-around support. He *is one ofChicago's all-time backs; Patterson,at the very least, is the best linemansince the time of Ken Rouse. Themembers of the team will shortlychoose the most valuable player, andthey will have a hard time judgingbetween Berwanger and "Pat."The eligibility of eight players ended with the Illinois game: Capt. Patterson, center;John Baker, Bart Peterson, and Bill Langley, ends;John Womer, tackle ; Ed Cullen and Tommy Flinn, quarterbacks; Bart Smith, fullback. Flinn has been particularly valuable this year. A fighter in everything, hehas put a spark in Chicago football and basketball teams.Only Flinn of the present squad could have headed upthat gallant march against Purdue. His own play wassteadily effective, his lack of size being no handicap.Baker has been a strong end for three seasons, althoughhe had no particular physical strength. He stood outthis year because he knew fundamentals of his positionand used his head. Peterson had but one season becauseof his junior college competition, and was handicappedby lack of experience. Langley was an aggressive playerof value. Both Womer and Cullen would have beenbetter players had they not been shifted around so frequently in their three seasons of play to plug holes. Cullen did a nice job at Minnesota and Womer's last gamewas by far his best. Smith lost practically two seasonsbecause of the leg that was broken in the Yale game, buthe was a first class fullback in the latter part of thisseason.There are few good men coming up from the freshman squad, and until their eligibility is definitely determined, they are, of course, out of the reckoning. Except for experience, the 1935 squad will be weaker thanthis year's. Patterson will not be completely replaced,and it is worth repeating that Patterson was a big partof this team. It was obvious in the last three games thatthe conference has solved to a considerable extent thetheory of the Chicago attack. Next year it will be notso much deception as execution based on laboriously developed fundamental technique that Chicago will relyCaptain PattersonTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 79upon. The schedule promisesto be another stiff one, withIndiana, Purdue, Ohio, Wisconsin, and Illinois as the conference opponents. The 1934team aroused considerable interest ; its early season rise andthe achievements of Berwanger caught the alumni aswell as the public eye, and thespectacular game with Purdue, even though it ended indefeat, did not hurt its popularity. Even the two following defeats at Columbus andMinneapolis did not greatlyimpair the prestige of theteam ; the crippled conditionof the squad made the Ohioresult certain, and Minnesotawas so exceptionally powerfulthat it was in a class by itself.The final game with Illinoisdrew the largest crowd in several years, some 32,000. Attendance for six home gameswas somewhere in the neighborhood of 94,000, compared with 68,000 last year. OhioState had 32,000, and Minnesota around 45,000, so thatfinancially, at least, the season was rather successful.All that remains to wind up this season is the election of a captain and the award of letters, which will beaccomplished at the Chicago Alumni Club's annual football dinner on December 13. Meanwhile, the coaches ofthe other sports are looking over their squads and getting no great thrills. Coach Nelson Norgren of thebasketball team appears to have his usual headache inprospect, with a group of candidates who are not, exceptfor a couple of exceptions, skilled nor robust. Bill Haarlow, the basketball counterpart of Berwanger in football, will not play until after January 1, for he is notcarrying a full course this quarter. Haarlow, who wasout of two games last year, was nevertheless third highscorer in the Big Ten. Bill Lang, long-range shooter, arunning guard, second high man of the team, underwentan operation on his shoulder a month ago, and will notbe in good shape until January. Tommy Flinn, captain,probably will move to guard this season, for Leo Oppenheim, a big sophomore guard who was becoming a finished player at the end of the 1934 season, has left college. Walter Duvall, a transfer from Beloit, who set aSouth Suburban scoring record at University High, andsingle handed defeated Chicago two years ago, is theother prospective forward. He is a fine shot, but he issmall. Gordon Peterson, center, should be a very goodman this season. Bob Pyle, a letterman at forward,probably will be unable to return to college because offinances. Stanley Kaplan, small and speedy floor man;Bob Eldred, center and forward ; Dick Dorsey and RayWeiss, reserve guards, and Norman Bickel, who is morenoted as a tennis player, but who had two years on theOak Park suburban champions, are the best of the otherJay Berwanger men out. Defeats in some ofthe pre-conference games arecertain, and in the Big Ten,this team is second division,for two good men can not beatfive good ones.Coach Ned Merriam ofthe track team has no excep-C*(j»t tional stars, but he has a verypromising lot of sophomores^B who should do well before theyfinish competition. Jay Berwanger, as versatile in trackas in football, is a dual meetpoint winner in the shot,sprints, and low hurdles, anda possibility in the championship meet in the shot. Twosophomores, Ned Bartlett andAdolph Schuessler, and HaroldBlock of the 1934 team, arefair sprinters, but there are alot of phenomenal sprinters inthe Big Ten this year. BartSmith and Ralph Balfanz willrun the 440; Alfons Tipshusand Jack Webster, sophomores, the 880 ; Bob Milow, the mile, and Edward Rappthe two-mile. Webster, as good a prospect as DaleLetts, was as a freshman, badly injured in football practice. John Beal and Nat Newman, sophomores, are goodhigh hurdlers ; Bartlett will give Berwanger a race in thelows. Jack Scruby, who did 43 feet as a freshman lastyear ; Bill Bosworth, a good high school performer, andperhaps Harmon Meigs and Clarence Wright, will compete in the shot. There are a couple of new pole vault-ers, John Ballenger and Stewart Abel, who can do 12feet. The high jumpers are just fair, unless Lee Yarnell,who has done 6 feet 2^4 inches, but is an uncertaineligibility problem, is back. John Roberts, who did sowell in the high jump and pole vault, has graduated.The swimming team has several new men who aregood, but the rest of the conference apparently has somewho are better, and so Coach Edward McGillivray is nottoo happy. Jay Brown, city champion in the two shorterfreestyle events, and Jack Horns, who has already beaten0.55 in the 100; Charles Wilson, who is swimming asfast in the 440 as anybody, and Floyd Stauffer, an exceptionally fine fancy diver, are the new men. Comewhat may, Chicago also will have its usual good waterpolo team, although the inability of Dan Glomsett, breaststroke swimmer who was a star goal tender, to competebecause of the pressure of his pre-medical work, willleave an important spot to fill.Dan Hoffer, whose succession of gymnastic champions just about ended that sport in the Big Ten, hasfinally come upon a lean year, now that the last of hisstring of individual stars, George Wrighte, has graduated. Along with Wrighte went three other point winners, Harold Murphy, Ed Nordhaus, and George Con-stantine. The situation is so bad that Mr. Hoffer ad-(Continued on page 80)80 THE UNIVERSITY OFCHRISTIAN MISSIONS ANDA NEW WORLD CULTUREBy Archibald G. BakerProfessor in the Divinity School of theUniversity of Chicago"Professor Baker's book is the most important interpretationof Christian missions that has appeared since the modernmissionary enterprise was launched a little more than onehundred years ago." — Dr. Charles Clayton Morrison.This sweeping statement will be justified by the consequences,practical and theoretical, that must flow from this freshanalysis of Christian missions.Presents missions as an integral part of a new planetaryculture. Shows mankind discovering its basic unity. A workof potent and startling implications. $2.00100 POEMS OF PEACECompiled by Thomas Curtis Clark and Winfred Ernest Garrison.(Dr. Garrison is a professor at the University of Chicago.)"Quotability," as in the former well known anthology "Quotable Poems," is the norm that governed selection. Thesepoems, songs and slogans for the new day present- peaceas more courageous, more heroic, more lyrical than war.Includes poems by Vachel Lindsay, Edwin Markham, CarlSandburg, John Galsworthy and many other moderns.Among the seers of earlier days are included Tolstoy, Whitman, Whittier, Longfellow, Tennyson, and others. $1.25A Order today from the University of Chicago bookstore,^ your local bookseller, or the publisher.Willett, Clark & Co.Robert L. Willett, President440 S. Dearborn Street 200 Fifth AvenueChicago, Illinois New York, N. Y. CHICAGO MAGAZINE/AthlCtlCSy (Continued from page 79)mits that there is a strong likelihood of Illinois, Minnesota, and Wisconsin beating him, unless he can find someone to go with Charles Adams, the champion in the rings.This time it would appear that Hoffer really has fallenupon evil times, and even his skill in developing menwill not suffice. The gymnastics coach blames the abolition of compulsory gym for his plight, for no longer canhe find some diamond in the rough in a gym class andshanghai him into a career of glory on the flying trapeze.He hasn't, as yet, developed a method of discoveringtalent by the way a freshman swings a ping-pong paddlein the Reynolds Club basement.Coach Spyros Vorres, whose achievements in wrestling are remarkable in view of the disinterest in hissport, had hopes of luring Jay Berwanger on to the matfor the 175-pound class, provided Jay could take off fifteen pounds, but he has been disappointed in that ambitious enterprise. But there will be a pretty fair wrestling team, and it will take an eastern trip, meeting suchopponents as the Navy and Harvard. At these engagements, Mr. Vorres has pointed out to his wrestlers, thespectators, referee, and coaches wear tuxedos. By suchpropaganda for wrestling as one of the politer sports, ateam of respectable ability has been recruited.half CnOUgh, (Continued from page 55)resentment, I still don't believe that Mr. Slesinger isamblyopic enough to have been taken in by it.The Basic Sciences, their first airy plans havingcollapsed, made their own new opportunity, and gettingdown to realities, as it is their custom, blew the breath oflife into another, albeit, less satisfactory program. TheSocial Sciences had approximately the same opportunity.Like many a generalization, it is only partly true tosay that "no one learned anything" in the Hall of Science.I know a few laymen, both solvent and on relief, as wellas several non-social scientists who had their experiencesenlarged there.This has already become overlong, and I must therefore omit the inspiring tale of the great role the University of Chicago played in the development of the Fair.In fact, the Chicago men on the Board of Trustees, National Research Council, Fair Administration and Guideforce were legion. Without them the Fair might indeed have become animate, but certainly some of thechromosomes of the Caesars would have been missing.I close with one more word of praise for a management to which not one breath of scandal has beenattached, although it has had all sorts of opportunitiesfor fattening personal accounts. On October 15, theExecutive Council voted unanimously not to accept aTrustees' memento gift of $5,000— a renunciation thatwas not noticed by the press, but which is well worthyof public attention, for it is typical of the self-sacrificingattitude of the Fair officials.Thus, although I contend that the Era of World'sFairs is past, and suggest that there has been enoughFair, I yet dare hope many will agree that some featuresof the Exposition have indeed been fair enough.• New Books byUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MENThree important works by well known membersA of the University, published by a house whosemembers are also University of Chicago men.CREATIVE SCEPTICSBy T. V. SmithProfessor of Philosophy at the University of ChicagoEditor of the International Journal of EthicsThrough scepticism to assurance. With insightand wit Professor Smith presents the strugglesand triumphs of seven great sceptical philosophers. "If I, weaving in and out of the webswoven by these wise men, can make you firsthumble, then proud and at last tolerant, youmay count as velvet whatever else you receive."Professor Smith shows how, out of doubt, Descartes found himself; Spinoza found peace;Berkeley, God; Hume, courage to be honest;Montague, enthusiasm for life; and how Ex-Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes doubted his wayto democracy. A feast for questing minds! $2.00NEWS OF THE CLASSESCOLLEGE1867Jabez T. Sunderland, DB70,one of the oldest of the University'salumni, distinguished student andwriter on Indian affairs, and leaderin liberal religious thought, is nowliving in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Arecent issue of Town and CountryReview, a London publication, carried a most interesting sketch of himand his work, which enjoys wide circulation both in England and on theContinent. It is interesting to notethat one of his books, India in Bondage, has been translated into Frenchand Japanese, and another, Originand Character of the Bible, into Russian.1897Emily Fogg (Mrs. Edward S.Mead) is busy with much civic workin Philadelphia, the A.A.U.W., Consumers' League, Women's TradeUnion League, Y.W.C.A., and so on.1899Josephine T. Allin is assistantprincipal at Harper High School,Chicago. Previous to this promotion,Miss Allin taught at EnglewoodHigh School.|902Ruth E. Moore is living inEvanston, 111., at 1400 Hinman Ave.Edward P. Rich, ex, is living onthe near north side of Chicago, 1411N. State St.Z. R. Pettet, Chief Statisticianfor Agriculture, Department of Commerce, Washington, DC, has justcompleted a study of the electrical industries, which gives a quite completepicture of the electric utilities of thecountry.1906Irene Engle (Mrs. Justus Egbert) who presides over the BuffaloAlumnae Club, recently arranged fora most delightful meeting of thealumnae and their friends for Dr.James M. Stifler, when he visited inthat city a few weeks ago.Meta Mierswa (Mrs. W. H.Rupp) continues to grow her orangesand lemons out in Oakland, Calif.1910Francesco Ventresca, PhM' 11,writes that he is "teaching Latin,Spanish and French at the ManlyHigh, Chicago, while waiting for therestoration of Spanish and Italian inthe Chicago Junior Colleges. Sincethe Board of Education borrowed $22,500,000 from the U. S. Government, it has run short of funds, soit has to drop Spanish and Italianfrom the 'revived' Junior Colleges."1911Hilmar R. Baukhage, whocovers the White House for theUnited States News, is giving a dailyradio broadcast over NBC-WJZ network, at 12:30 PM, "commenting onnational news. Baukhage had beengiving a similar talk as "the radiovoice of the U. S. News" until theunusually heavy response from hislisteners prompted officials to lift theveil of anonymity and have himspeak for himself.John Mason Houghland is recently returned from a two monthsvisit in Ireland, where he went tostudy the Irish fox-hunting. He isdevoting a good deal of his time tothat ancient sport in Tennessee.1912C. W. Houghland is living inRichmond, Va., and devotes most ofhis time to writing.Annette G. Hampsher, a teacherat Lindblom High School, Chicago, istaking graduate work at the University of Chicago this winter.Earnest C. Brooks is temporarilystationed at Lansing, Mich., in chargeof State Relief work.1913W. Varner Bowers, for the pastfive years in charge of Delineator sfood advertising in the east and before that on the Curtis PublishingCompany's staff at Detroit, has, withEarle R. MacAusland, organized thepublishing firm of MacAusland andBowers, Inc., of 32 Vanderbilt Ave.,N.Y.C. With the February, 1935,issue the new firm will take over the— POSITIONS-VACANCIES FORCOMPETENT WORKERSOffice — Technical — SalesMale — FemaleCall and Register-Free-NowEXECUTIVESERVICE64 E. Jackson Blvd.81 publishing of the National ParentTeacher Magazine, official organ ofthe national Congress of Parents andTeachers. With his well known conservatism, Varner guarantees a circulation of 125,000 by February andoptimistically offers advertising at$600 the page.Sanford Sellers, Jr., AM'34, hasbeen appointed educational directorof the sixth corps area CCC educational program being carried on inthe camps throughout the country bythe federal government. Sellers hasbeen superintendent of WentworthMilitary Academy for a number ofyears, retiring a year or so ago toengage in graduate work in education at the University of Chicago. Hewill be stationed at Chicago at thesixth corps area headquarters.^Veit Gentry, ex, has moved to639 Montgomery Road, HighlandPark, 111.Marie G. Merrill is field supervisor of the Illinois Service Bureaufor Transients.1914Miriam Whalin (Mrs. E. N.Scott) is living in Buffalo, N. Y.,where she is a member of the Buffalo University of Chicago Club.William J. A. Donald is withthe National Electrical Manufacturers Association, in New York.Lillian Spohn (Mrs. H. K.Whitmer) is living in Buffalo, N.Y., at 77 Bryant St.* 1915Caryl Cody (Mrs. Carl Pfan-stiehl) writes that her eldest son,Cody, entered the University of Chicago this fall. She has just taken apart time job as mental examiner inthe service department of the CentralBranch of the Y.W.C.A. This activity, plus the care of three youngerprospective Chicago freshmen, a husband and a home, keeps her well occupied, but she still finds time to takean active part in the work of theBoard of Education of her district.Wylle B. McNeal is chief of thedivision of home economics at theUniversity Farm, University of Minnesota.James H. Smith, formerly of Aurora, 111., has moved to Oshkosh,Wis., where he is Director of Training in the State Teachers College.Mussie Holland (Mrs. BarnettFogel) is deputy clerk of the Municipal Court of Chicago.82 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEvJaiety gets intoyour very bloodYou can't feel restrained. Every momentbrings new, intoxicating sights, colors,fragrance and sounds. The sea, the sky,birds, breezes, foliage and flowers getinto your very blood.Coral beaches, emerald fairways,bridal paths, tennis coutts, quaint, winding streets, old world shops and markets. Excellent swimming, sailing, fishing, exploring — all play their part.Memories of nights of dancing at theCasino, the Jungle Club and hotels, willlong linger.Luxurious accommodations at thehotels and villas at moderate rates. Seeyour tourist agent for travel schedules,by rail, boat or plane, or addressNassau Bahamas Information Bureau330 West 42nd StreetNEW YORK CITYDEVELOPMENT BOARDPROFESSIONALDIRECTORYDENTISTDR. GEO. G. KNAPPDENTISTWoodlawn Medical Arts Bldg.Suite 304. 1305 E. 63rd StreetPhone Plaza 6020ELECTROLYSISLOTTIE A. METCALFEELECTROLYSIS EXPERT13 YEARS' EXPERIENCEHair Removed from Face, Neck and BodyFacial Veins, Warts, Moles Permanently RemovedGraduate NurseSUITE17 North State Street TELEPHONEFRANKLIN 4885SCHOOLSE. A. BOOS SCHOOLFor Mentally and PhysicallyHandicapped Persons — All AgesBoarding and Day SchoolTo Limited NumberFree ConsultationInformation Sent on RequestReasonable Rates5740 W. 22nd Place, Cicero, III. DOCTORS OFPHILOSOPHY1914B. A. Stagmer is co-author of theAmerican Chemical Society monograph, "The Chemical Refining ofPetroleum." He is a consulting chemist, located at Los Angeles.1920Ethel Preston, '08,AM'10, washonored by the French Governmentrecently, when Rene Weiller, theFrench consul, conferred upon herthe decoration and diploma of Offi-cier d'Academie, awarded her by theminister of national education ofFrance. The ceremony took placeat the meeting of the EvanstonFrench Club, at the home of Mrs.Charles G. Dawes. Miss Prestonteaches French at Roycemoor School,and among her many activities includes the presidency of the ChicagoAlumnae Club.1921Dwight Sanderson is acting ascoordinator of rural research for theF.E.R.A., while on sabbatical leavefrom Cornell University, where heheads the department of rural socialorganization.1923L. E. Blauch, AM'17, is exec-A Differing Opinion(Continued from page 71)Hollywood under Breen's direction.In my opinion the answer to thewhole matter is found in the qualityof the pictures themselves.With kind regards,Cordially yours,F. W. ALLPORT.Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America, Inc.AND THE REPLYI do not see that Mr. Allport'svery interesting letter meets my objections to Mr. Breen's autocraticpowers of censorship.(1) Mr. Breen is, as this letteradmits, the Director of the Production Code Administration. The number of qualified assistants he has isirrelevant.(2) Mr. Breen is, as I said, "adevout adherent of one of the narrowest of religious creeds."(3) The fact that Mr. Breen is"the father of a fine, large family"has, as even Mr. Allport should beable to see, exactly nothing to do withthe argument. — F. B. M. SCHOOLSBEVERLY FARM, INC.37th YearA Home, School for Nervous andBackward Children and Adults220 Acres, 7 Buildings, School^ Gymnasium, Industrial and School Training Given, Departmentfor Birth Injury CasesGroves Blake Smith, M. D. Godfrey, III.Practical Business TrainingBusiness Administration, Executive - SecretarialStenotype and 14 Other College Grade Courses78th YearTrain for Assured Success Write for CatalogBryant & Stratton College18 S. Michigan Ave. Randolph 1575Mac Cormac School ofBusinessDAI1 1 70 E. CommerceAdministration and SecretarialTraining' AND EVENING CLASSESEnter Any Monday63rd St. H. P. 2130NORTH PARK COLLEGEFully AccreditedJuniorCollege: Liberal Arts and Pre-ProfessionalCourses.High School: Language, Scientific and Vocational Courses.Conservatory: Public School Music and otherCertified Courses.High Standards of ScholarshipBeautiful Campus, Athletics and Social ActivitiesExpenses LowFor catalog write to the presidentNorth Park College Foster and Kedzie Aves.The Mary E. PogueSchool and SanitariumWheaton, III.Phone Wheaton 66A school and sanitarium for the care and training of children mentally subnormal, epileptic,or who suffer from organic brain disease.SCHOOL OF THEATREMR. BEN GUY PHILLIPSFaculty Member of the RoyalAcademy of Dramatic ArtCOURSESInclude: Art of Acting, Voice Control,Pantomime, Playwriting, Stage, Sceneand Costume Design, Public Speaking, etc.Children's ClassesSTUDIO— 72 EAST 11TH STREETHarrison 3300SAINT XAVIER COLLEGEFOR WOMEN4900 Cottage Grove AvenueCHICAGO, ILLINOISA Catholic College Conducted bythe, SISTERS OF MERCYCourses lead to the B. A. and B. S.degrees. Music — ArtTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 83utive secretary of the CurriculumSurvey Committee, American Association of Dental Schools.G. W. Willett is superintendentof Lyons Township High School,LaGrange, 111. His book on Philosophy and Practices in High SchoolAdministration, was published by theChristopher Publishing House ofBoston this year.1924Clifford Manshardt, '18, AM'21, writes most interestingly of hiswork in India, where he is directingthe Nagpada Neighborhood House inBombay, one of the pioneer venturesin social settlement work in India.We quote briefly from his report:"While we were still in Chicago, Iread in the papers of the death of adistinguished Indian industrialist andphilanthropist, who left an estate ofsome 15 million dollars for charitablepurposes. Upon my return to Bombay I approached his Trustees forassistance in financing some social research projects which we in theNeighborhood House were desirousof carrying out. To my great surprise, the Trustees in turn asked meto study their general situation andto make a report to them how thetrust could spend its funds in themost effective manner. This I attempted to do, only to be asked toput my plans into operation. At present I am shaping up the plans forestablishing a graduate teachers'training college for women, one ofthe major educational needs of Western India. To create a college, denovo, is a real opportunity, thoughevery day finds me wrestling withproblems of which I was hitherto unaware."For a long time our public healthprogram at the House was handicapped by lack of trained publichealth workers. But now, as a result of cooperation from the BombayPresidency Infant Welfare Society,we are able to start planning aPresidency School for the Trainingof Public Health Workers,, to besituated in the same compound withthe Neighborhood House. Anothernew task for the House has beenadded in the affiliation of the BombayDistrict Benevolent Society, whichcares for the aged and helpless poor.The Adult Education Society, whichattempts to grapple with the tremendous illiteracy of Bombay, also takessome of my time. However, I havemanaged to write three books andget two of them published ; the thirdwould not pass political censorship."Julius W. Pratt, AMT4, is professor of history at the Universityof Buffalo. CUNARD WHITE STAREVEN the bellboys typify the kind of attention travellersexpect on a Cunard White Star Cruise. Such serviceis traditional ... no small part of Cunard White Star cruisepleasures arises from this very sense of trained personnelwith long established traditions to maintain. Now to that tradition andall that Cunard White Star implies have been joined the skill andresources of three other great names in travel ... to produce this outstanding program of winter vacations. You may choose among 28different cruises . . . leave as early as December or as late as April. . . stay away from 3 to 139 days . . . spend from $45 to$1750. This winter make your vacation one of these Sunshine Cruises.FRANCONIAAround -The -World Cruise.139 days, 33 ports, 37,070miles.Ratesfrom $1 750 (shoreexcursions included). FromN. Y. Jan. 12 . . . Los Angeles($125 less) Jan. 26. In cooperation with Thos. Cook & Son.GEORGICWest Indies, South America.1 1, 13, 14 days, $132.50 to$167.50 up. From N. Y. Dec.1 9, Feb. 14, Mar. 2, 20, Apr. 3. CARINTHIAA 6-day Cruise to Nassauevery Saturday from January 26 to April 13, $70 up.One-way rate, $65 up; round-trip with stop-over, $85 up.AQUITANIAMediterranean, Egypt, HolyLand. 35 days. Rates, FirstClass $520 up, Tourist $280up. From New York Jan. 31and Mar. 9. In cooperationwith Raymond-Whitcomb. BRITANNICWest Indies, South America.13 ports, 18 days, $210 up.From New York Feb. 1, 26,Mar. 19. 3-day cruise toBermuda, $45 up. In coopera-tionwithRaymond-Whitcomb.SAMARIAMediterranean. 30 ports, 60days, stop-over privileges.From N. Y. Feb. 2, $525 up. IncooperationwithJamesBoring.AlsoSpecialHolidayCruises...3to8days... Nassau.. .Bermuda.For detailed information consult your local travel agent or any one ofthe participating companies: Thos. Cook & Son — Wagons-hits Inc.;Raymond-Whitcomb, Inc.; James Boring Company, Inc.; orCUNARD WHITE STAR LINE84 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEBUSINESSDIRECTORYL APARTMENTS JCLOSE TO U. OF C. ¦¦Apartments — All SizesProfessional OfficesProperty Investments— Insurance —ACKLEY BROS. CO.1447 East 63rd Street HYDE PARK 0100AWNINGSPhones Oakland 0690—0691—0692The Old ReliableHyde Park AwningINC. Co.,Awnings and Canopies for All Purposes4508 Cottage Grove Aven ueBONDSP. H. Davis, 'II. H. 1. Markham, 'Ex. '06R. W. •Davis, '16. W. M. Giblin,F. B. Evans, '1 1 '23Paul H. Davis & CoMembersNew York Stock ExchangeChicago Stock Exchange37 So La Salle St. Franklin 8622CHEMICAL ENGINEERSAlbert K. Epstein, 12B. R. Harris, '21Epstein, Reynolds and HarrisConsulting Chemists and E ngineers5 S. Wabash Ave. ChicagoTel. Cent. 4285CATERERJOSEPH H. BIGGSFine Catering in all its branches50 East Huron StreetTel. Sup. 0900- —0901Retail Deliveries Daily and SundaysQuality and Service Since 1882COFFEE— TEAw. S. Quinby CompanyIMPORTERS AND ROASTERSOF HIGH GRADECOFFEES AND TEAS4 1 7-427 W. OHIO ST. —CHICAGOPhones Superior 2336-7-8 1 926Frederic M. Thrasher, AM' 18,chairman of the Council of LowerWest Side Agencies of New YorkCity, has been directing some exceptionally successful efforts toward bettering conditions for the children ofthat area. Through organized playgroups and the establishing of patrolled "play streets" much has beendone to eliminate causes of juveniledelinquency among "gang age"youngsters. Mr. Thrasher is knownto all students of sociology as theauthor of a classic on gangs as asocial phenomenon. It is the hopeof the editors to publish an articleby Mr. Thrasher in the near future.Marjorie Anderson is an assistant professor of English at HunterCollege of the City of New York.1927Kurt F. Leidecker has been appointed instructor in German atRensselaer Polytechnic Institute.1931C. L. Christiansen, '24, economicadviser in the Division of Researchand Planning for the NRA, has returned to the Department of Economics and Sociology at Indiana University.Carl O. Lathrop is an assistantprofessor of Bacteriology and Immunology at the medical school ofthe University of Buffalo.Martin F. Fritz is associate professor of psychology at Iowa StateTeachers College, Ames, Iowa.1932Gordon B. Strong, '27, AM'30,is an associate professor at DuquesneUniversity, Pittsburgh.Dorothy Heyworth is an assistant professor of physics at WellesleyCollege.Ralph E. Huston, '23, is atRenssaeler Polytechnic Institute,Troy, N. Y. Mrs. Huston (Antoinette Killen '26,SM'30,PhD'34) writesthat their home address is 1573 Tib-bits Ave., Troy.Glen H. Morey, '29,AM'30, is aresearch chemist with the PhillipsPetroleum Co., Bartlesville, Okla.1933Hazel Foster, AM'29, BD'32,represented Presbyterian College'sfaculty at the Church Conference ofSocial Work in Kansas City lastMay.LAWForty-eight graduates of the LawSchool successfully passed the Illinois State Bar examination this summer, and are now fully qualified topractice. Their names follow : COALQUALITY COAL PRICED RIGHTLESTER COAL CO.4025 Wallace St., at 40th PlaceAll Phones: Yards 6464Wasson-PocahontasCoal Co.6876 South Chicago Ave.Phones : Wentworth 8620-1-2-3-4Wasson's Coal Makes Good — or —Wasson DoesRIDGE FUEL & SUPPLY CO.Coal — Dustless CokeFireplace Wood — Cannel1633 W. 95th St. BEV. 8205DECORATINGIt will pay you to haveour estimate and expert adviceNATIONALDECORATING SERVICEHart Bros. System, Inc.4035 S. Michigan Ave. Boulevard 9700ELECTROTYPERCONSOLIDATEDELECTROTYPERS, INC.(Midland Federal)Electrotypes — LeadmouldsNickeltypesAdvertising PlatesTelephones— Wabash 8100-8101ELECTRIC SIGNSELECTRIC SIGNADVERTISINGCLAUDE NEON FEDERAL CO.225 North Michigan AvenueW. D. Krupke, '19Vice-president in Charge of SalesEMPLOYMENTCOLOREDDOMESTIC HELPFurnishedDay or NightReferences investigated.Englewood Employment Agency5530 S. State. Phone-Englewood 3 I 8 I -3 I 82Street Night-Englewood 3 181Established 16 yearsTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 85Joseph J. Abbell, '32, JD'34Burton Aries, '32, JD'34Toseph W. Bailey, '32, JD'34Walter W. Baker, '32, JD'34Joseph M. Baron, '32, JD'34Fred T. Barrett, JD'34Max Barth, '32, JD'34Joseph K. Blackman, JD'33Jacob Bloom, '32, JD'34Querin P. Dorschel, LLB'34Forrest S. Drummond, '32, JD'34Harold Durchslag, '32, JD'34Harold M. Fusch, JD'34Lawrence Gidwitz, '34, JD'34Herbert J. Greenberg, '32, JD'34Brimson Grow, '31, JD'34Samuel R. Hassen, '33, JD'34Samuel J. Horwitz, '32, JD'34Karl Huber, '33, JD'34Maurice Kraines, '34, JD'34Walter V. Leen, '33, JD'34Cecilia Listing, '32, JD'34Geraldine W. Lutes, JD'34George E. MacMurray, JD'34C. Greydon Megan, JD'34Marshall E. Neuberg, '32, JD'34Benjamin Ordower, '32, JD'34Harold Orlinsky, '33, JD'34Manlius M. Perrett, '33, JD'34Kenneth C. Prince, '33, JD'34Stephen G. Proska, '33, JD'34Merwin S. Rosenberg, '32, JD'34Orville E. Rosenthal, '34, JD'34Adolph A. Rubinson, '32, JD'34Stanley M. Schewel, JD'34Louis G. Schlifke, '33, JD'34Walter R. Schoenberg, JD'34Edward R. Scribans, '33, JD'34Burton Sherre, '32, JD'34Howard W. Siegel, JD'34Robert J. Stastny, '33, JD'34Theodore L. Thau, '32, JD'34Ned P. Veatch, '32, JD'34Gavin T. Walker, '34, JD'34M. Raymond Wallenstein, JD'34Daniel S. Wentworth, Jr., JD'34Nathan Wolfberg, '32 JD'34Charles D. Woodruff, '32, JD'341909Walter E. Anderson, LLB, isvice president of the ProductionCredit Corp., of Omaha.Charles H. Speck, '08JD, iscredit manager for the John BeanManufacturing Company of Lansing,Mich.1914L. W. Powers, JD, was elected tothe Supreme Court of Iowa this fall.1915J. J. Eshleman, JD, has spent thelast sixteen years as a Federal EstateTax Officer, reporting to the U. S. *Government on estates of net value of$50,000 and up. Occasionally hemeets Chicagoans in his line of business which augurs well for theirprosperity.1916W. Russell Jordan, JD, waselected to the District Court of Iowa,in and for Polk County, this last election.1921Roswell Magill, JD, has beenplaced in charge of shaping treasurytax recommendations, by SecretaryMorgenthau. Magill has been inEngland, making a special study of Albert Teachers' Agency25 E. Jackson Blvd., ChicagoEstablished 1885. Placement Bureau for menand women in all kinds of teaching positions.Large and alert College and State Teachers' College departments for Doctors and Masters: fortyper cent of our business. Critic and Grade Supervisors for Normal Schools placed every year inlarge numbers; excellent opportunities. Specialteachers of Home Economics, Business Administration, Music, and Art, secure fine positions throughus every year. Private Schools in all parts of thecountry among our best patrons; good salaries. Wellprepared High School teachers wanted for city andsuburban High Schools. Special manager handlesGrade and Critic work. Send for folder today.tax methods there, and is known asan authority on this subject. He willbegin a study of a legislative tax program immediately, and will probablywork up a number of alternative programs for raising the money necessary to finance the government nextyear. These will be considered laterin the year by treasury and othergovernment officials. A good deal ofthe material at hand for Magill's usewas prepared by Jacob Viner, Professor of economics at Chicago.1929Sam Street Hughes, JD, is judgeof the Municipal Court of Lansing,Mich..Bernard Epstein, '27JD, is amember of the law firm of Epsteinand Epstein, 134 N. La Salle St.,Chicago.1930Harry C. Partlow, JD. is general counsel for the Casey Construction Company, Casey, 111.1931Lucian S. Field, JD, is attorneyfor the Moline District of the HomeOwners Loan Corporation.N. George DeDakis, '30JD, ispracticing at 201 N. Wells St., Chicago, as a member of the firm ofArmstrong and Spannon. (GeorgeSpannon, '23JD/24.)1933Julian D. Weiss, '31, is doingpost graduate work in business administration at Harvard University.1934Samuel J. Horwitz, '32JD, iswith Frisch and Frisch, Attorneysand Counselors, at 134 N. La SalleSt., Chicago.RUSH MEDICALCOLLEGE1893Charles W. Parker, MD, hasmoved to Gary, Indiana, and may bereached at 2270 West 15th Ave.,Gary.1901Fred L. Adair, MD, returnedfrom a month's vacation at RainyLake, Ontario, reports the recentpublication of Obstetric Medicine by FLOWERSFLOWERSKORTSCHDistinctly Better1368 East 55th StreetPhone— Plaza 2150Phones: Plaza 6444, 64451631 East 55th StreetGARAGECARSCALLED FOR AND DELIVERED64th STREET GARAGETowing at All Hours6341 HARPER AVE.PHONE HYDE PARK 1031GROCERIESTelephone Haymarket 3120E. A. Aaron & Bros.Fruits and Vegetables, Poultry, Butter,Eggs, Imported and Domestic Cheese,Sterilized and Fresh Caviar, Wesson and"77" Oil, M. F. B. Snowdrift and ScocoShortening46-48 So. Water Market, Chicago, III.COHEN and COMPANYWholesaleFruit — Vegetables — Poultry211 South Water MarketPhones Haymarket 0808 to 0816LEIGH'SGROCERY and MARKET1327 East 57th StreetPhones: Hyde Park 9100-1-2QUALITY FOODSTUFFSMODERATE PRICESWE DELIVER86 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEHOTELS"Famous for Food"Dancing and EntertainmentNightlyCircular CRYSTAL Barthe BREVOORT hotel120 W. Madison St. Chicagoparkland hotelFacing Jackson Park1550 East 63rd St.300 Rooms — Privaie BathFrom $5 WeeklyFolder with details of rates and services will besent on request.LAUNDRIESADAMSLAUNDRY CO2335 Indiana Ave.Superior Hand WorkOdorless Dry CleaningTelephoneCalumet 2346Morgan Laundry Service, Inc.2330 Prairie Ave.Phone Calumet 7424Dormitory ServiceStandard Laundry Co.Linen Supply — Wet WashFinished Work1818 South Wabash Ave.Phone Calumet 4700SUNSHINE LAUNDRYCOMPANYAll ServicesDry Cleaning2915 Cottage Grove Ave.^Telephone Victory 5110THEBEST LAUNDRY andCLEANING COMPANYALL SERVICESWe Also DoDry Cleaning — Shoe Repairing4240 PhoneIndiana Ave. OAKIand 1383 Adair and Stieglitz. Dr. Adair hasbeen appointed a member of thePresident's Conference on EconomicSecurity, which is now discussingquestions of health and medical care.1913Ralph Kuhns, '11, MD, formerlydirector of research at the IllinoisState Psychopathic Institute, hasbeen appointed instructor in neuropsychiatry at the University of Illinois College of Medicine.1914Cassie B. Rose, MD, read a paperat the Fourth International Congressof Radiology this summer, at Zurich.After the congress she visited theBalkan peninsula, Jugoslavia, Athens,Istambul and Bulgaria. She is nowback at Presbyterian Hospital, Chicago, where she is radiologist incharge of the X-ray Department.1920Sidney R. Kaliski, '17,MD, hasjust been declared a Licentiate of theAmerican Board of Pediatrics. Heis practicing in San Antonio.1925Edward W. Griffey, '22,MD, ispracticing ophthalmology in Houston,Tex. He is vice president of theHouston Eye, Ear, Nose and ThroatSociety.1928William McLane, MD, and Evelyn McLane, MD'30, who were practicing in Sleepy Eye, Minn., havemoved to Jackson, Minn., where theycontinue to practice medicine and surgery.1930Roy Kegerreis, MD, is practicingradiology at 1150 N. State St., Chicago.Maurice E. Cooper, '25,MD, ispracticing in Columbia, Mo., teachingat the University of Missouri, andacting as secretary of the BooneCounty Medical Society.1931Paul T. Johnson, '26,MD, studied in Vienna last summer, and hasnow opened offices at Rockford, 111.1932Frank O. Wood, MD, is in general practice at Glastonbury, Conn.Donald R. Laing, MD cert, published an article on "Changes of theDigestive Tract in Uremia" in theJune issue of Archives of InternalMedicine.Floyd M. Bond, MD, is resident inophthalmology at the University ofCalifornia Hospital, San Francisco.Jules Ginsberg, '27,MD, andJack Cowen, '27,MD, both exhibited paintings and drawings in a recent show at the Aragon Hotel Chi- MOTOR LIVERYCHICAGO PETERSENMOTOR LIVERYLINCOLNSWith Experienced Chauffeurs5548 Lake Park Ave. MIDway 0949LITHOGRAPHERL. C. Mead '21. E. J. Chalifoux '22PHOTOPRESS, INC.Planograph — Offset — Printing725 So. La Salle St.Wabash 8182OLD GOLDCASH FOR OLD GOLDJewelry, watches, gold teeth, plated articles,diamonds, silver, etc. We always pay the proper cash value. Licensed by U. S. Government.Established 1900Chicago Gold Smelting Co.37 S. Wabash Ave. (Corner Monroe, 3rd Floor)Members Chicago Ass'n of CommerceOFFICE FURNISHINGSPruitt's rebuilt office machines give theappearance and service of new ec uip-ment — carry a full guarantee — yet, saveyou as much as 50%.PRUITT, 1 n c .172 N. La Salle St. ChicagoPAINTSGEORGE ERHARDTand SONS, Inc.Painting — Decorating — Wood Finishing3123 PhoneLake Street Kedzie 3 1 86JOHN E. ROCKEFELLOW, INC.Established 1893Paints, Wall Paper, GlassWindow ShadesWHOLESALE AND RETAIL4321 Cottage Grove Ave.Telephone Atlantic 1900PHOTOGRAPHERMOFFETT STUDIOCAMERA PORTRAITS OF QUALITY30 So. Michigan Blvd., Chicago . . State 8750OFFICIAL PHOTOGRAPHERU. of C. ALUMNITHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 87cago. Anatol Raysson, '28, Ginsberg and Cowen presented some interesting comparative studies, eachof the three drawing his impressionof the same bit of Dune country.Clyde A. Lawlah, MD, practicesmedicine and surgery at Pine Bluff,Ark., and is also on the faculty of theA M. and N. College there.1933Richard N. Beskow, MD, is practicing at Hillsboro, Texas.Vincent Accardi, MD, is interning at Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn, N. Y.Theodore McCoy Burkholder,'29, MD cert, is finishing his first yearas house doctor at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit. He will remain therefor the coming year. He marriedMargaret Veeden, of Montana, in1929, and they have two children,Margaret Ann, 3, and George, whoarrived on the scene January 31,1934.Samuel B. Broder, MD, is seniorresident and assistant in the department of neuropsychiatry at the University of Illinois Medical School.1934Christine Gatewood, MD, is interning at Los Angeles County General Hospital, where she reports thatthere are several other Rush graduates working.J. Jerome Rupp, MD, is residentphysician at Santa Barbara CottageHospital, Santa Barbara.Frederick A. Musacchio, MD,is in general practice in Detroit,Mich.Robert L. Stern, '29,MD, is resident physician at the Hospital of theGood Samaritan, Los Angeles, Cal.SCHOOL OFBUSINESS1921Irving C. Reynolds and JohnGifford are associated in the Franklin Creamery Company with headquarters at Toledo, Ohio, and withadditional plants at Cleveland andNewark, N. J. Reynolds is presidentand general manager, and recentlywas elected president of the NationalAssociation of Ice Cream Manufacturers. Gifford is manager of theWhite House Ice Cream Company,the New Jersey subsidiary.1922James B. McIntyre is now vicepresident of Mason, Moran and Co.,securities, Chicago.1923Wilfred A. Merrill is the Michigan representative of McGraw-HillPublishing Co. 1925Melville C. Jones is now withMoore, Case, Lyman and Hubbard,Insurance, Chicago.1927Milford E. Rice is a cost accountant for the Haskelite ManufacturingCorporation, Grand Rapids, Mich.1929Arthur H. Hert is secretary andresearch director for the NationalRetail Credit Association.1930Ernest L. Swanson is assistantprofessor of business administrationat Drake University.1931Lee J. Loventhal II is studyingat Northwestern for the degree ofChartered Life Underwriter.David Pottishman will receivehis LLB from Kent College of Lawnext June.1932Thomas L. Dodd is principal ofthe township high school at ElDo-rado, 111.James F. Hartle is with the Zim-mer Manufacturing Company ofWarsaw, Ind.Richard S. Spangler, AM'33, isan instructor in economics andfinance at the University of Missouri.1933F. W. ImMasche, AM, is assistant to the deputy governor of theFarm Credit Administration atWashington.Ervin E. Beisel is credit manager for the K. Taylor DistillingCompany, Frankfort, Ky.Richard H. Deutsch is now inthe Law School at the University ofChicago.Thomas P. Draine is with Price,Waterhouse and Co., Accountants, ofChicago.Harold T. V. Johnson is advertising sales manager and copy writerfor the Calumet Index.Miriam Kirschner is teachingstenography in the Schurz EveningHigh School.1934Karl Ek is with the auditing department of the Chicago Federal Reserve Bank.William Fill is doing graduatework in the University of Chicago inhospital administration.Abbott B. Lipsky is in the employof the Harris Trust and SavingsBank, Chicago.George H. Wrighte is with Wilson and Company, Chicago.Winifred Ek is secretary at theUniversity Settlement. PLATINGYou Wreck 'em We Fix 'emMcVittie Plating & BrassRefinish *ng Works, Inc.Expert Metal Platers an d RefinishersChromium - Nicke I - Copper - Silver - GoldBrass- Bronze - All Antique and Modern FinishesWe plate or refin 'sh anything made of metalWe specia lize i n silver plating tableware1600-02-04 So. State Street Calumet 2646-7-8RADIATOR CABINETSBe in Correct ProportionsGARDNER REDUCINGSTUDIOS30 S. Michigan Ave.Phone Dearborn 3809RESTAURANTROOFINGGrove Roofing Co.(Gilliland)Old Roofs Repaired — New Roofs Put On25 Years at 6644 Cottage G rove Ave.Lowest Prices — Estimates FreeFairfax 3206RUG CLEANERc. A. BOUSHELLECOMPANYRUG CLEANERS218 East 71st StreetTelephone: Stewart 9867STORAGEGARFIELDFIREPROOF STORAGE CO.Movers, Packers and StorageNew and Used Household Goods. Terms.5929—33 So. State StreetPhones, Englewood 5020-502188 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINESTORAGE— ContinuedPhone MID way 9700 HYDe Park 0452Peterson Fireproof Storage Co.Chas. A. Peterson, Pres.Moving and ExpressingPacking and ShippingForeign ShipmentsBranch: 8126 Cottage Grove Avenue55th Street and Ellis AvenueTAILORFrank D. Campbell PhoneEdward Eisele State 3863Charles C. Polich Central 8898EISELE & POLICH, LTD.Merchant Tailors8 South Michigan Avenue — Fourth FloorCHICAGOTEACHER'S AGENCIESTHE YATES-FISHERTEACHERS AGENCYEstablished 1906PAUL YATES, Manager616-620 South Michigan Ave.ChicagoAMERICAN COLLEGE BUREAU28 E. Jackson BoulevardChicagoA Bureau of Placement which limits itswork to the university and college field.It is affiliated with the Fisk TeachersAgency of Chicago, whose work covers allthe educational fields. Both organizationsassist in the appointment of administratorsas well as of teachers.THEHUGHES TEACHERS AGENCY25 E. JACKSON BLVD.TELEPHONE HARRISON 7793Member National Associationof Teachers AgenciesWe Enjoy a Very Fine High School, NormalSchool, College and University PatronageUNDERTAKERSBARBOUR & GUSTINUNDERTAKERS4141 Cottage Grove Ave.PHONE DREXEL 0510LUDLOW - SCHNEIDERFUNERAL DIRECTORSFine Chapel with New Pipe OrganSEDAN AMBULANCETel. Fairfax 286I6 1 10 Cottage Grove Ave. Robert G. Howe is in the industrial sales department of the paintand varnish division of the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co.Madeline B. Kann is with Lordand Thomas, advertising, Chicago.engagedJohn Matthew Meyer, Jr., '27,to Emily Magruder Dobie, of Norfolk, Va. The wedding will takeplace January 3rd at Norfolk.Rosalia Pollak, '31, to Alexander J. Isaacs, '26,AM'27.Cordelia Jane Crout, '32, toCharles Bennett Stephens,Northwestern University. The wedding will take place in the spring.John C. Dinsmore, '33, to LornaLee McDougall.Ruth B. Hyman, '33, to Leo R.Cohn, of Chicago.MARRIEDGolder McWhorter, '11,MD'13,to Isabelle Chaplin, October 6,1934, Chicago. At home, 1526 West103rd St., Chicago.Mrs. J. Stevens Tolman (neeKatharine Greene, '21) to Marvin E. Miner, Jr., March 3, 1934;at home, 565 Lincoln Ave., Glencoe,111.Roselle Moss, '28, to LucienIsenberg, October 4, 1934, Chicago ;at home, 5110 Kenwood Ave.Barratt O'Hara II, '29, to Maria Poiss, August 18, 1934.Morgan Allan Durham, MD'29,to Vera Louise Weber, May 30,1934; at home, Walden, Colo.Frances Garden Carr, '30, toWilliam Johnston McKee, ofNew York City, December 1, 1934,Chicago.Leonard Gesas, '32JD'32, toMarion Roslyn Rome, of Baltimore, October 7, 1934.Jeanette E. Smith, '32, to Arthur Cahill, '31, September 15,1934; at home 5547 Kimbark Ave.,Chicago.Lois Cromwell, '34, to Franklin W. Klein, JD'32, August 4,1934, Bond Chapel ; at home 1838 W.105th St., Chicago.Robert H. Wallace, Jr., '34, toMaxine Nowak, exL'34, November21, 1934, Chicago; at home, 6808Jeflery Ave., Chicago.Jane Biesenthal, '34 to William G. Sinn, of Cincinnati, November 10, 1934. At home, VernonManor Hotel, Cincinnati.BORNTo Dr. Edward W. Griffey, '22,MD'25, and Mrs. Griffey, a daughter, Jean, July 22, 1933, Houston,Tex.To Harold V. Lucas, AM'25, and Mrs. Lucas, a daughter, RamonaAnn, August 18, 1934, Hilo, Hawaii.The editors regret their inability toshare with the readers the clever,drawings and verses on the announcement sent by Mrs. Lucas.To Rudolph T. Ericson, '27, andMrs. Erickson (Dorothy Bostrom,'29), a daughter Jacqueline Nan,June 17, 1934, Chicago.To Dr. S. A. Garlan, '24,MD'28,and Mrs. Garlan, a daughter, Barbara Claire, August 23rd, 1934, NewYork City.To Dr. Maurice E. Cooper, '25,MD'30, and Mrs. Cooper, a son, Edmund John, August 7, 1934, Columbia. Mo.To E. H. Pritchard, AM'32 andMrs. Pritchard, a son, Robert Ed-will, June 2, 1934, Topeka, Kansas.DIEDLewis Linn McArthur, MD'80,November 5, 1934, Chicago. Dr.McArthur, for many years associated with Dr. Bevan and Dr. Billings,was one of the foremost medical menof the country.Frank Novak, MD'85, October3, 1934, Riverside, 111.Rev. Silas Eber Price, BD'87,October 27, 1934, Pasadena, Calif.Albert Marion Earel, MD'91,February 25, 1934, Hoopeston, 111.Edwin P. Brown, '96, November20, 1934. Mr. Brown was head ofWayland Academy and very wellknown in educational circles.Frank L. Stevens, PhD'00, August 18, 1934, Urbana, 111.Irving Francis Wood, PhD'03,August 29, 1934, Washington, D. C.J. Dwight DlCKERSON, '06,JD'07,November 10, 1934, Chicago.Edith Stabenan, '11, January 18,1933.Katherine W. Dewey, MD'12,November 11, 1934.Walter Scott Athearn, ExDiv'16, November 13, 1934, OklahomaCity, Okla.Omar Edwin Lowman, AM'16,February 10, 1934, Ames, Iowa.Lydia Duncan Montgomery, '21,January 8, 1934, Sedalia, Missouri.Ernest H. Sulkers, '21, July 28,1934, Gary, Ind.James M. Osborn, '25, January3, 1934, Oklahoma.Christy James Arrigo, '26, May25, 1934. Richmond, Va.Glenn Rosamond Ogden, AM'27,February 11, 1934, Des Moines, Iowa.Robert Wilcox, '31,MDcert'34,November 21, 1934, Detroit, Mich.Helen Browning Smith, '33,April 10, 1934, Ellensburg, Washington.AMERICA ON THE WIREAmericans get moreout of the telephone than any otherpeople in the world.Partly it is because we still havethe pioneer qualities. We are restless, inquisitive, ambitious, sociable,ingenious, enterprising. The telephone is adapted to us and we areadapted to the telephone. But another reason why the average American uses the telephone more is thatthere are more telephones to use —more than thirteen million in the BellSystem alone. And the service isbetter.There are few persons in this country so isolated that the telephone cannot find them. Because everybodyknows this, the telephone is kept busyand everybody gets more out of it.Your telephone grows in value themore you use it— the more you relyon it to help you through the day'sBELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM More than 57,000,000 conversations a dayare held over Bell System wires. It takesa telephone system of great size to renderquick, reliable service to a great nation.Iv man and his wifewho had just returned from around-the-world cruise spoke ofChesterf eld as "an international. that Chesterfield Cigarettesare on sale in 86 countries allover the world.It means something thatChesterfields may be purchasedon nearly all ships and at almostevery port.It means that for a cigaretteto enjoy such popularity, it musthave merit. We do our level bestto make Chesterfield as good acigarette as can be made.Smokers say . . .in almost every language