: 5 '* "Mt ffff»« t* — - Mils 1 1. 1>1 J«' fi M w 1 T^¦¦Shi IV 'huimhj m ~"V "J A''^^^^^^ 'Jf |THE UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO MAGAZINEEBRUAR.Y-1934G-E Campus NewsMOTOR TROUBLEThe lady in 856 had tossed and turned for hours.Finally, she called the room clerk: "There's a motorunder my bed! I can't sleep!"The motor wasn't under the bed. It was severalfloors away. Vibration, inaudible at the source, wastransmitted and amplified by the building structure.Instead of a hotel, this might have been an officebuilding, a school, a library, or a hospital. Insteadof a sleepless guest, it might have been a patient.For some time General Electric has built quietmotors, which do not sing, throb, hum, whir, ormutter. But, even so, good intentions are nullifiedunless .motors are so installed as to check transmission of vibration. (Every rotating machinevibrates.) Now General Electric has made anothercontribution — sound -isolating bases, to isolatevibrations within the motor. E. H. Hull, Yale, '24,and W. C. Stewart, Washington U., '26, workingwith A. L. Kimball, Harvard, '14, did most of thelaboratory work on this development.CIRCUIT SURGERYThat well-known situation of the tail wagging thedog has a parallel in the distribution of electricalpower. And General Electric engineers recommendthat the tail be cut off.To be specific, electric distribution circuits whichsupply current to large groups of customers shouldnot have their reliability put in danger by lessimportant circuits. This is fundamental. In manycases, circuits suppling outlying districts, wherethey are exposed to damage by lightning and the elements, cause most of the interruptions that raiseCain with the more important service. The tail-cutting-off device to remedy this situation is a newGeneral Electric oil circuit breaker for automaticallychopping off the less important circuit when damageoccurs, and restoring service when the damage isrepaired. General Electric engineers designed thejcircuit breaker especially for this service, and it canbe mounted easily on a lighting pole."I'LL SEND MY BOY TO NELA"Amid the popping of static in a nation-wide broadcast, the new G-E Institute at Nela Park, in Cleveland, was dedicated just before Christmas. It cannotboast of a football team; it has no stadium or band.But it does have laboratories and classes under thedirection of a distinguished faculty.Two former G-E "colleges," — the Kitchen Instituteand the Lighting Institute — have been combined toform this new school at Nela Park. It is a clearinghouse for down-to-date information on the electrichome, and a training school for home appliancesales representatives and home -service directors ofpower companies and appliance dealers. It is also alaboratory where new ideas in kitchen management,meal preparation, home lighting, and the like maybe developed and tested.Besides the laboratory kitchen and classroom kitchens, there are model kitchens of every type, fromthe de luxe kitchen for a large home to the tinyapartment-house kitchen. There is also a modellaundry, and an architectural planning departmentwhich not only assists home owners, builders, andarchitects in modernizing and planning kitchens,but also trains specialists to go out into the field.The Institute has 22,000 square feet of floor spacefor exhibits and demonstrations.This new school is under the co -direction nNJmof L. C. Kent, University of Illinois, '13,and Paul H. Dow, Kenyon, '26.96-29DH WE DO OUR PARTGENERAL W ELECTRICTHE UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO MAGAZINEPUBLISHED BY THE ALUMNI COUNCILCharlton T. Beck, '04 Ruth C. E. Earnshaw, '31Editor and Business Manager Associate EditorFred B. Millett, PhD '31, William V. Morgenstern, '20, JD '22, John P. Howe, '27,Contributing EditorsMilton E. Robinson, Jr., '11, JD '13, Ethel Preston, '08, AM 'io, PhD '20, Donald Bean, '17,Editorial BoardWE ARE indebted to JohnMills, Jr., '33, for the interesting photograph of thecloister walk shown on our cover.Joining the buildings of the Botanyand Zoology Departments in theHull biological group, this cloisteropens upon Hull Court with its farfamed Botany Pond.Trevor Arnett came to the University as a student within five yearsafter its opening. He faced thenecessity of earning a part, if not all,of his college expenses. Fortunatelyfor him, perhaps, but certainly fortunate for the University, was thefact that his first position was thatof an accountant in the administrative office. President Harper earlyrecognized his outstanding ability,and in 1901 recommended his appointment as auditor of the University. Mr. Arnett was appointedto that position and during the nextfew years developed a philosophy ofinstitutional accounting that hasbeen adopted by many of the leading colleges and universities of thecountry. In 1920, he left the University to become Secretary of theGeneral Education Board, but fouryears later was recalled by the University to become its vice presidentand business manager. In 1928 hewas elected to the Presidency of theGeneral Education Board, one of themost important positions in the entire educational world. He is alsopresident of the International Edu- IN THIS ISSUEcation Board, a trustee of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research,a member of the Rockefeller Foundation and treasurer of the Institute for Social and Religious Research.•Mary Louise Foster is associateprofessor of chemistry at Smith College. She spent two years at theUniversity of Madrid, teachingAmerican laboratory methods toSpanish senoritas. She has revisitedSpain at intervals and between thesevisits she follows the trail of the Con-quistadores into the western hemisphere.TABLE OF CONTENTSFEBRUARY, 1934PAGENegro Education and the GeneralEducation Board, Trevor Arnett 139Conquistadores, Mary Louise Foster... 142Policies in the Making,Paul C. Stetson 145Starred Men of Science,Stephen S. Visher 148Reflections in the Mirror,Betty Hansen 151In My Opinion 152News of the Quadrangles 154Athletics 157News of the Classes 160Chicago Alumni in the Current Magazines 165Undergraduate Trends 168 Paul Clifford Stetson arrived atthe University in 1907 with a Kalamazoo College diploma and a yearning for knowledge. He came from aline of educators and it was his desire to carry on the family tradition.After winning a bachelor's degree atChicago, he went into public schoolwork. First as a high school principal, and later as a superintendentof schools, he made a fine record insuch mid-western cities as GrandRapids, Muskegon and Dayton. Hewas made Superintendent of Schoolsat Indianapolis in 1930. He haslong held important positions in theNational Education Association andis at present the president of the Department of Superintendence.•Stephen S. Visher is associate professor of geography at Indiana University. He has been official geographer for the Indiana GeologicalSurvey since 1919. Since his days atthe University his work has carriedhim to Alaska, to the South Seas,to Southern Europe, to the West Indies. He is a member of many alearned society, the author of manybooks and articles. He is an authority, on climate and writes mostthrillingly of tropical cyclones. Asan avocation he makes extensivestudies and digests of the information culled from American Men ofScience— and his findings are ofpeculiar interest to readers of theMagazine.The Magazine is published at iooo Sloan St., Crawfordsville, Ind., monthly from November to July, inclusive, for The Alumni Council of the Universityof Chicago, 58th St. and Ellis Ave., Chicago, 111. The subscription price is $2.00 per year; the price of single copies is 25 cents.Entered as second class mr.tter December 10, 1924, at the Post Office at Crawfordsville, Indiana, under the Act of March 3, 1879.YOUare cordially invitedbyThe Alumni Councilto attendThe Fourth AnnualAlumni AssemblySaturday, March 1 7,1934at 6:30 o'clockKnickerbocker HotelChairmanPaul S. RussellToastmasterProfessor Charles E. MerriamSpeakersPresident Robert M. HutchinsHarold L. Ickes, Secretary of the InteriorReservations, which mlist be accompanied by check (one dollar and fiftycents a plate), may be made through the Alumni Office, Cobb 403,University of Chicago. Places near the speakers' table will be allotted tothose who send their checks in first. Reservations for groups may be made— each table seats eight. The capacity of the dining-room, nine hundred,will necessarily limit attendance to that figure, so make your reservationpromptly. Alumni-in-law and friends will be welcome.VOLUME XXVI THE UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO MAGAZINE NUMBER 4FEBRUARY, 1934NEGRO EDUCATION AND THEGeneral Education Board• By TREVOR ARNETT /98IN 1905 Mr. John D. Rockefeller called together a group of men interested in education to discuss the probable scope andmethods of an educational organization which hewas thinking of founding. For many years hehad been interested in assisting education, buthad confined his gifts mainly to institutionsunder Baptist auspices; when calling this group,he had in mind a much broader plan. Up tothis time he had made his gifts chiefly throughthe American Baptist Education Society, which,the earlier alumni of the University of Chicagomay remember, was the organization which purchased the first parcels of land for the site ofthe present University and raised the $400,000necessary to obtain Mr. Rockefeller's initialgift of $600,000 to the University. Its guidingspirit, Mr. Frederick T. Gates, later became Mr.Rockefeller's personal adviser in his philanthropies and in that capacity had a large sharein developing the conception and form of theseveral philanthropic boards Mr. Rockefellerfounded. He was a warm friend of PresidentHarper and Dr. Thomas W. Goodspeed andserved as a trustee of the University for someyears.Following this conference the General Education Board was incorporated by act of Congresson January 12, 1903, its charter purpose beinggiven as "the promotion of education within theUnited States of America, without distinctionof race, sex, or creed." While the steps necessaryto incorporation were being taken, Mr. Rockefeller made an initial gift of $1,000,000 to theBoard with the statement that he understood itto be the immediate purpose of the Board tostudy the needs of and to aid in promoting the educational interests of the people in the South,in whom he had become interested. From timeto time Mr. Rockefeller made further gifts tothe Board. The largest, of an approximate valueof $50,000,000 was given in 1919, when the increased cost of living was bearing heavily uponthe teachers in the higher institutions of learning. Mr. Rockefeller made the gift for thecorporate purposes of the Board, but expressedthe wish that the Board might use the principal,as well as the income, in so far as it thoughtadvisable, in assisting colleges and universitiesto obtain funds for increase of teachers' salaries.In 1919 and 1920 Mr. Rockefeller gave the Boardsecurities of a value of about $46,000,000 to beused in its discretion, preferably for improvingmedical education. A portion of each of thesefunds has been given to the University of Chicago for the specific purpose stated. AltogetherMr. Rockefeller has given the Board securitiesand cash aggregating about $130,000,000 invalue.During the three decades of its existence, inaddition to aiding the specific purposes beforementioned, the General Education Board hashelped colleges and universities to increase theirresources for other purposes. The Board's giftshave been mainly for endowment, because itrecognized that it was more difficult to obtainfunds for this purpose than for buildings andphysical plant. The plan which has been followed usually required the institution to raisea supplemental sum, and to be free from debtbefore the Board's contribution was payable.The Board also has aided public education,mainly in the Southern states, by cooperating inmany ways with the state authorities in their140 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEefforts to improve and extend educational facilities.Since its foundation, up to and including June30, 1933, the gifts of the Board, including appropriations still outstanding, have amounted to$229,380,242.11.A Little-Known TaskThe alumni of the University of Chicago aredoubtless familiar with the aid given by theGeneral Education Board to colleges and universities for endowment, buildings and medicaleducation, but may not be so well acquaintedwith one phase of work which the Board hascarried on from its foundation, and for whichit has appropriated over $33,000,000— the betterment of Negro education. Long before theestablishment of the General Education Board,Mr. Rockefeller and his family had been deeplyconcerned with the welfare of Negroes, and hadhelped in many ways to improve their condition.One of the considerations which led to the establishment of the Board was the interest, alreadymentioned, which Mr. Rockefeller had in education in the South, and which definitely includedNegro education. During the earlier yearsmethods of establishing contacts which wouldlead to the most fruitful cooperation with thesouthern people of both races as a basis for aprogram for future work were carefully studied.Gifts of a tentative character were made hereand there, so that by demonstration and experiment the best plan of cooperation might befound. Up to 1914 most of the aid went tosuch schools as Hampton and Tuskegee Institutes, and to those conducted under the auspicesof the missionary agencies of the northernchurches. But the Board early recognized thatthe public school was the main instrument foreducation. Accordingly, it has sought opportunities of cooperating with progressive publicschool officials. State departments of educationin the South have been given support which enabled them to employ supervisors of rural schoolswhose duty it is to promote in every way possiblethe improvement of educational facilities forNegroes under state, county and municipal auspices. In the early years of the Board's existencefarm demonstration work among Negroes, aswell as among white people, was carried on underthe direction of Dr. Seaman A. Knapp at theexpense of the Board. It exercised a deep influence upon southern rural life, increasing thewealth of the people and stimulating their desirefor education. In its work in Negro education the Board hasalso co-operated with other foundations. TheJeanes Fund, the Slater Fund, and the JuliusRosenwald Fund have placed their emphasis onthe improvement of rural schools for Negroesand the General Education Board has helpedstate departments of education in developingeducation for Negroes as a part of a well-considered state system. Under this plan of cooperation the Board has supplemented the resources of the Jeanes and Slater Funds to enablethem to respond to increasing demands, has madeappropriations for summer schools for thefurther training of teachers already employed,and has made possible at Tuskegee and HamptonInstitutes special courses to meet the needs ofsupervisors and teachers in public and normalschools.Rural SchoolsFor many years the Negro colleges were reallyoffering very little more than secondary education and had slight opportunity to develop because of the low quality and backward state ofeducation given in the public schools. A fewprivately supported institutions, such as Hampton and Tuskegee, and certain smaller industrialschools had worked out a type of education aimedto build a rural civilization which was welladapted to the needs of Negroes, three-fourthsof whom live in the country, and this type of aidappealed to southern public school officials assufficiently practical in its relation to the homeand community life to warrant its support atpublic expense. The more progressive superintendents of education, encouraged by the agentsof the state departments of education, endeavoredto extend these ideals, practices and methodsthroughout the public school system. The development of state agricultural and mechanicalcolleges and of normal schools for Negroes wasalso profoundly influenced by the examples ofTuskegee and Hampton. Probably no servicethe General Education Board has rendered hasbeen of greater significance than the emphasisand encouragement it has given to these industrial schools, and the development of a liaisonbetween these rural demonstrations and thepublic school forces in their formative stage.One of the chief activities of the RosenwaldFund has been its co-operation with publicauthorities and individuals, both white andcolored, in the erection and equipment of ruralschoolhouses for Negroes, the so-called Rosenwald Schools. With its aid about 6,000 of theseTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 141schools have been built. Their influence hasbeen far-reaching. They have stimulated publicauthorities to extend the school term, to increasesalaries, and to provide additional high schoolfacilities, and have increased and emphasized theneed for more and better trained teachers. Inthe meantime the states were giving increasedattention to the problem of training teachers,and the logic of events pointed to the development of state institutions of higher education inorder to make the increased facilities for theelementary schools really effective. The General Education Board examined the provisionsmade by the states for the training of teachers,and in 1923-1924 made a study of the Negrostate agricultural and mechanical colleges andnormal schools. At that time only about 5 percent of Negro teachers had received the equivalent of a two-year normal course in the stateinstitutions, a large number came from privateinstitutions, but the majority were without adequate training. The Board had already renderedtemporary assistance to these state institutionsand, following the study referred to, it decidedto extend its co-operation by helping them obtain requisite buildings and plant improvements.Practically every southern state, stimulated byaid from the Board, has since undertaken building programs in these institutions and has increased the annual appropriations for their support. Four-year courses in the arts and sciencesare now available to Negro students in state-supported institutions, in addition to the oldercourses in agriculture and home economics, industrial arts, and teacher-training.Up to 1920 the Board had not thought it bestto contribute endowment to Negro colleges. Infact a gift of $25,000 to Hampton Institute in1915 was the only instance of such aid. Afterthe Great War the Negro colleges, like othercolleges of the country, found it difficult to payadequate salaries to meet the rising cost of living. The Board sympathized with them in thesestraits and appropriated over $5,000,000 forendowment to about a dozen of the leading privately supported Negro institutions. This wasdrawn from the fund for teachers' salaries whichMr. Rockefeller had given to the Board in 1 9 1 9,on the recognition that the stage of developmentthey had attained warranted such support.Notable advance has occurred in the development of higher education among Negro collegesand universities during the past decade. In afew instances such as at Howard University, FiskUniversity^ and Atlanta University courses lead ing beyond the bachelor's degree are offered andare on a high level. The Board has assisted theseinstitutions to increase their resources in plantand endowment and to secure better trainedfaculties.Help for CollegesOne of the most significant contributions ofthe General Education Board is the assistance ithas recently given to a group of colleges forNegroes in Atlanta. There have existed in thatcity five privately supported colleges for Negroesunder different auspices, all ministering to theneeds in higher education. The Board had longfelt that the situation would be improved if acombination of several of these colleges couldbe brought about. This improvement beganwhen during the year 1929 an educational affiliation was effected among Atlanta University,Morehouse College for men, and Spelman College for women, under which Atlanta Universityagreed to give up its undergraduate work anddevote itself entirely to graduate instruction andresearch, Morehouse College agreed to offerundergraduate instruction for men, and SpelmanCollege undergraduate instruction for womenfor the group. One of the first steps in consolidation and co-operation was the construction andequipment, at the expense of the General Education Board, of a central library designed byJames Gamble Rogers, the architect of the Hark-ness Quadrangle and Sterling Library at Yale,with the stipulation that it should also, as fullyas was possible, serve the other Negro collegesand educational institutions not in the affiliation. Recent efforts in which the General Education Board participated to increase the resourcesof the three affiliated institutions have resultedto date in securing more than $6,000,000, part ofwhich has been used for new land and buildings,part for alteration and remodelling of old buildings; the remainder has been added to endowment. The affiliation is working out morerapidly and satisfactorily than was anticipated,and much progress has been made in securing cooperation between Atlanta University and itsaffiliated institutions and the other colleges forNegroes in Atlanta.The Board has included Negro Medical Colleges in its efforts for the improvement of medicaleducation. Contributions have been made forland, buildings, equipment and endowment andlikewise grants for current expenses and for fellowships to provide better training for the staff(Continued on page 161)CONQUISTADORESIN THE sixteenth and seventeenth centuries,the reputed wealth of Chile led the Spanish"Conquistadores" across uncharted seasand through arid wastes of an unknown land inpursuit of wealth for themselves and their king.They found the native Indian tribes mining goldand silver and copper with crude stone hammers,grinding the ore in rough stone mortars, andsmelting it in rudely constructed furnaces. Inspite of such primitive methods the yield wasgratifying. The women wore gold necklaces andbracelets. Silver and copper utensils aboundedin house and temple. All this served as richbooty to the Spanish invader and he sent hisvessels back to Spain loaded with tribute forEmperor Charles V. In return he receivedgenerous grants of land in the still unexploredNew World.Today, the "Gringo" from the United Statesand Great Britain is the successor of the Spanish"Conquistador." For the most part he huntscopper. With the latest methods of chemicalresearch in the laboratory and with man-replacing machinery, he is able to extract everyvestige of copper, even from an ore which contains only 2 1/2% of the precious metal. Carefulscientific preliminary study of the nature of theore and the best methods for its extraction protects him from blind, wasteful experiment. Hisway is clearly charted before he sets out and hissuccess is assured. The product of his industryand efficiency is shipped to the United States andGreat Britain. A large part of the material gainremains in Chile in the shape of wages, taxes, andrevenue.This much desired copper is found in Chile intwo quite distinct forms, necessitating radicallydifferent treatment for its extraction. It doesnot occur as native copper, but as copper sulfide,or some modification of this compound. Theore in the former state is found in "El Teniente,"an extinct volcano, situated in Rancagua in thesouth central part of Chile, while a quite different, oxidized sulfide is found in the northern"pampa." Climatic as well as geologic conditionsare probably the factors which have broughtabout this great variation."El Teniente" received its name from a • By MARY LOUISE FOSTER, PhD1 14lieutenant, who, fleeing. over the mountain inthe time of the War for Independence, noticedthe glistening bits of copper in the ashes of thefire where he had cooked his dinner. From thattime, 1818, various attempts have been made tooperate the mine, more or less successfully.Finally, in 1904, the Braden Copper Companywith the cooperation of the Guggenheim brotherstook over the property and began the development of the plant.The mine, which has the same name as themountain, is situated some sixteen thousandfeet above sea level about eighteen miles, asthe crow flies, from the city of Rancagua. Owingto curves and variations in gradient, the distanceby rail is increased to over forty miles. Bridgesand tunnels make possible an electric railroadfrom the low level to Camp Sewell, located nearthe summit of "El Teniente." On the way upwe pass through a pleasant, fertile country toCoya, the first of the sixteen stations on the road.This lovely little place with its gardens, charming cottages, and golf course is the chief pleasureresort of the Plant. Here also are the hydroelectric works of the Company, with their towering chimneys and huge electric generators andconverters. It is the first concrete evidence ofthe Company's ideal, the union of the best conditions for worker and process. Every effort ismade that the workman shall be happy and efficient, to the end that the process may be developed completely.Ftom Coya the ascent increases rapidly toCaletones, the Camp where are located the furnaces and foundries. The crushed ore from themine higher up is poured into the huge furnaceswhence it issues a molten red-golden stream,gorgeous in color and exulting in a purity thatlacks only three thousandths of one percent ofperfection.The ascent continues, rising abruptly aboveravines, passing over steep declivities, makinghair-pin turns. Vegetation becomes restrictedto lowT horny shrubs, with an occasional red lilyilluminating the bare rocks. On all sides towerthe brown jagged Cordilleras, as the Andes arecalled in these regions. On these steep barrenslopes one sees row above row of houses juttingTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 143out, grey and dull in color, fading in the distanceinto the mountain-side.Up and up, but at last Sewell, the heart of thePlant. Offices, laboratories, hospitals, moviehouses, stores, schools, everything necessary forthe welfare and employment and education of atown of over eight thousand souls, the numberat present working in these times of depression,but less than half the number when work is pressing. On one side of the mountain-top are thehouses of the officers, those paid in dollars,American, British, and Chilean. These aresingle houses each with its garden, or bit oflawn, for which loam has been brought up withall tenderness. On the other side are the homesof the workmen, built in blocks. Everywhereis the hum of a busy pleasant life in this Camp,over sixteen thousand feet above sea level.The last ascent is made on foot, a distance ofperhaps an eighth of a mile, before one boards acar to enter the mine. Excavation began at thetop and has already descended several hundredfeet. Long galleries, dark shafts, all constructedbecause "efficiency makes for security," thelegend greeting one from time to time from thewalls. Cars loaded with ore pass continually.An elevator takes one to the summit whence onelooks down to the clustering houses, to the tallchimneys so far below in the ravines that theylook like ninepins; about one are the brownpointed mountains and above one the blue sky.The silence is suddenly broken by a radio announcement that Franklin D. Roosevelt has beenelected President of the United States. Even onthe top of a volcano in the lonely reaches of theAndes one is in communication with the world!In another part of Sewell are the crushing-machines, the "classifiers," and the laboratories.The process in use here is the "flotation" process,the technical application of one of Nature's selective phenomena. Like many other scientificdiscoveries, this is the result of a keen observation. It happened, not so long ago, that a womanin South Africa noticed that in the tub where shewas washing some miners' clothes, there was afoam which seemed to contain sand and dirt andoil. The foam when scraped off, revealed clothesthoroughly cleansed and a very coarse sedimentin suspension in the water. Investigation showedthat the oil which had adhered to the clothesformed a film of molecular thickness about thecopper sulfide particles and floated them to thesurface leaving below the gangue. This in briefis the story of a method which has revolutionizedmining. It allows of complete extraction of the finely crushed ore, leaving no "tailings." The"classifiers" are enormous machines devisedto skim off the foam, sending it in one directionto the centrifugal tanks and the residual liquidin another for a second treatment. A few poundsof oil are sufficient for the recovery of thousandsof pounds of finely divided copper sulfide. Bycentrifugal machines the last trace of moistureis removed from the foam, which is then sentdown to the foundries in the valley to come forththe red-gold, highly purified copper.Far to the north in the arid "pampa" ofAtacama is another Camp, similar in many respects to the Camp of the Braden Copper Company. This is the Camp at Chuquicamata,familiarly known as "Chuqui." Here is locatedthe plant of the Chile Exploration Company,organized in 1912 under the direction of Mr.Daniel Guggenheim. Highly trained Americanchemists have developed a process adapted to thecharacter of the ore of this region. It differsradically in its chemical and physical methodsfrom the process in use in Rancagua. Under thephysical conditions of desert climate and deserterosion the original copper sulfide, now foundonly some seventeen hundred feet below thesurface, has been changed into the oxidized compound, copper sulfate. This stone and its associates, the chloride and hydrate, are a beautifulblue. Hence the name in use here of "bluestone." It is quarried in "open cut level" sothat the brown, barren mountain-side is facedwith walls of white granite veined with broadbands of "blue stone." There is vivid contrastbetween these walls and their background ofbright brown mountain, a background that takeson extraordinary irridescent violet colors at sunset. Even the desert often gives the illusion of awell-watered valley, due to mirage.Looking Toward the Argentine from the "Christ of the Andes"144 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEWorkmen's Houses at Sewell"Blue stone" is soluble. Therefore the oredug up with electric shovels is crushed to pebblesize and leached in vats containing a little sulfuric acid. Copper is obtained from this solution by electrolytic means, current beingfurnished from the great electric plant in Toco-pilla, a hundred miles away on the coast. Thecopper wire bars and ingot bars on which thousands of analytical tests have been made issuefrom the foundry 99.97% pure.Here as in Rancagua, welfare and comfort,education and amusement and hospital reliefhave been given the closest attention. All thelatest offerings in all these lines have receivedconsideration. The houses, the schools and thehospital are surrounded by trees and gardens,artificially cultivated, for this northern "pampa"is absolutely barren of even a blade of grass, orof even so much as a tiny lichen. Everything isbrought here from the States, or from southernChile. Here, too, as in the southern miningCamp, initiative, cooperation and efficiency arethe predominant features. Employment isgiven to a large population of native workmenand to university men of Chile, United Statesand Great Britain. The product, shipped mostlyto the States, has in the past yielded a largerevenue to Chile and the decrease in businessoperating has had a disastrous effect upon Chilefinances.Over the low brown arid hills to the west isanother Camp, the world-famous nitrate fields ofChile. Superficially, the Camps, or settlementsof Maria Elena and Pedro de Valdivia, resemblein natural surroundings and in the appearance ofthe industrial plant and the human habitationsthe "Chuqui" Camp. But here the valley isbroader, the mining is concentrated on theground where the huge electric shovels are digging up the dry pebbly "caliche," or ore. Thenitrate, a highly soluble compound, has beenconcentrated by the dew and infrequent rains a few feet below the surface and is in consequencereadily accessible. Before the advent of theGuggenheims, who own this section also, all thedigging was by hand, and the extractions byleaching were by hand.At that point in the development of the Plantcame the perfecting of processes involved in theproduction of synthetic nitrogen and subsequently of nitrate. The market for Chileannitrate went to pieces. One "oficina," or Camp,or plant after another closed down, only thechief, Maria Elena remained. There, as it happened, were concentrated great piles of a byproduct, worthless in the past in comparison withnitrate, but now with a very slight change a substance much needed in the conversion of wood-pulp into paper. This is the deka hydrate ofsodium sulfate. An ingenious method for removing the moisture and converting it into theanhydride was devised and the continuance ofthe plant has become possible.In the various American Camps in this foreigncountry I have found set up the working andliving conditions for employer and employe thatprevail in the United States. It is not only "goodbusiness," but it is scientific method. The reaction depends upon the conditions. The yieldis in proportion to the perfection of the process.The Chileans are good workers, once the wayis pointed out to them. The introduction of thenew processes and the consequent displacementof large numbers of hand-workers and unskilledlabor is not ^exploitation. Increased productionis followed by increased revenue to that country,which certainly knows how to tax production tothe limit. It is, then, in the power of the countryto increase educational opportunities, to buildnew roads, and to improve all sanitary methods.By such means is the standard of living raised.Initiative, efficiency, and cooperation are thefoundation of national as well as of internationallife and prosperity.The Camp at ChuquicamataPOLICIES IN THEHow Educational Ideas Are BornTHE Department of Superintendence ofthe National Education Association (thisis the official name for the national association of school executives) will hold its annual convention in Cleveland the week ofFebruary 25, 1934.The attendance at these meetings increasedeach year until in 1 929 it reached a peak of nearly14,000. By reason of its size and personnel thisconvention has been one of the important educational meetings of the year and has attracted notonly those who are superintendents of schools,but thousands of others in various administrativecapacities.The procedure for fifteen years at these annualmeetings has been to have the general sessions ofthe convention in the morning and in the evening, and discussion groups in the afternoons.The discussion groups were planned to providea forum where more or less important opinionson different topics could be expressed by members of the Department of Superintendence andothers attending the convention. It was not unusual to have an attendance of six hundred at asingle discussion group. Obviously at such ameeting only a limited number of the membersof the Department had an opportunity to expresstheir views and effectual discussion from thefloor was impossible.This procedure has been changed and a "NewPlan" for the Department of Superintendence hasbeen put into effect.Seven General Subject Committees consistingof thirty members each were appointed. To eachone of the seven General Subject Committees wasassigned a problem which the chairman of thecommittee was instructed to "break down" intoten or more sub-topic committees. To each oneof these sub-topic committees forty members ofthe Department were assigned. Thus over 3,000active members of the Department of Superintendence were given specific tasks. To this number must be added those who are members ofallied organizations and whose advice will beparticularly helpful. The grand total of membersassigned to committees is over 4,000. These • By PAUL C. STETSON, '08, AM *18groups will meet on Monday and Tuesday afternoons during the convention week. As eachgroup consists of only forty members, it will be acomparatively easy matter to arrange for informal, but highly profitable, discussions. Thegeneral chairmen will present to the conventionon Thursday morning and afternoon a synopsisof the findings of their committees.A Working ConferenceSome of the advantages of the- "New Plan"are: prior to and during the convention fourthousand members of the Department will beworking on important and perplexing educational problems; recognition will be given to alarge group of members holding superintend-encies in small cities, villages, or rural districts;the convention will be a working conference; anddefinite practicable suggestions for the solutionof important educational problems will be givento each member.So much for the "New Plan" which I have emphasized because it represents a radical departure from our established procedure.The problems assigned to the seven generalsubject committees and a brief discussion of eachare given to indicate something of the field weplan to cover during our Cleveland convention.General Subject Committee I is assigned "TheAdministration of Teacher Training." No moreimportant problem awaits solution than this. Abulletin from the United States Department ofthe Interior, Offifce of Education, dated November 10, 1933, states that there are 200,000 unemployed certified teachers; that there are 18,000fewer teachers employed in city schools than in1931; and that an undetermined number, estimated in the thousands, have been dismissed fromprivate schools and colleges.Some plan must be evolved whereby teachertraining institutions will limit the number whoapply for admission, and will be more rigid intheir requirements for graduation and certification.The adoption of a definite, workable plan forco-operation between state and private institu-146 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEtions engaged in the training of teachers is absolutely necessary. To continue without such aplan is unscientific and dangerous.General Subject Committee II will considerthe problem of "A Comprehensive Program ofPublic Education." This group will consider theobjectives, the scope, and the delimiting principles for the pre-school group, the junior collegegroup, and of all groups between these two. Theywill endeavor to formulate a program of vocational education which school systems, with reduced budgets, may adopt.The question of the financing of our publicschools depends in part upon the methods usedto raise the money, and in part upon the way inwhich the money raised is spent. This "group willformulate a minimum and reasonable programof education which superintendents may presentto their Boards of Education and which can bedefended.General Subject Committee III will study thequestion of "Financing Public Education." Theproblems of the second committee, just described,and of this one are closely allied. This group willconsider the financing of public and privatehigher education, particularly with reference tothe ways and means of securing a unified andbalanced budget for education at all levels; itwill survey the amount and type of budget reductions which have occurred in public schoolsystems since 1929; will devise ways and means forreducing school expenditures with a minimumof educational loss; will study the question offiscal independence of school systems; and willappraise the prevailing practices in financingrural schools in the several states.This committee will make recommendationson the extent to which state support for the publicschools should be apportioned to local schooldistricts and the controls which the state legitimately may exercise in the expenditure of thesefunds.The principle of state support tor public education is generally accepted and is rapidly beingput into practice. Just around the corner lies thetroublesome and perplexing problem of federalsupport for public schools.The findings and recommendations of thiscommittee will be of major interest not only tothose who attend this convention, but to all interested in methods whereby money may beraised to support at all levels an efficient program of public education. This is surely a timelysubject for study. Education for the "New America"General Subject Committee IV has for itsproblem "Education for the New America." TheNew York Times in an editorial, August 27,1933> pointed out that this new freedom of theAmerican people coming as a result of the industrial codes, which have shortened the hours oflabor, may be either an asset or a liability.The preparation for "the worthy use of leisuretime" has been an objective of our schools formany years. Competent observers feel that, unlessthis objective is realized and pupils are so trainedthat they have attitudes, interests, and habitswhich automatically will insure that they will desire recreational facilities which are wholesomeand satisfying, this new freedom may be a curseand not a blessing.Another problem for this group is to suggestmethods for so administering the curricula andthe school organization that the pupils will havethe opportunity to develop and use their initiative, their orginality, and their creative abilities.The more one studies this particular questionthe more important it becomes and the more difficult of-solution because it appears now that ourpupils will live and work in a closely supervisedand highly co-operative society.General Subject Committee V will indicate therelationship between "Public Education andPublic Welfare." This group will consider howthe schools may increase and maintain the American standard of living; may contribute to thehealth of the people; and may promote individual happiness through a curriculum which hasfor its objective a complete and well-rounded lifefor every adult. It will study the causes of crimeand the ways in which the schools may help toremove them. It will evaluate the effectiveness ofthe methods used in schools to develop civic andsocial efficiency and will study the place of character education in a regular school program.One of the most important contributions ofthis committee will be to indicate how the publicschools have acted as a stabilizing influence during the stress and strain in the years since 1930and how the schools may continue to lay thefoundation for orderly social progress as contrasted with disorderly, revolutionary changes.Dr. Charles H. Judd is Chairman of the TopicGroup which will study that problem.General Subject Committees VI and VII willconsider respectively "A National Outlook onEducation" and "Interpreting the Schools to thePublic."THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 147A Five-Year PlanGeneral Subject Committee VI will attempt todevise a five-year plan of work for the Department0£ Superintendence; to appraise federal emergency legislation for education, to study thepolicies affecting the education of groups dealtwith by the Federal Government, such as Indiansand peoples in territories of outlying possessions;and will make a brief survey of the existingservices of the Federal Office of Education.One of the most important problems for thiscommittee will be the study of negro education.The recommendations which they make on thisproblem will be important and, if followed, far-reaching in their effects.General Subject Committee VII which considers the problem of "Interpreting the Schoolsto the Public" will develop a series of generalunderlying principles in governing an intelligently developed and designed program of publicrelations. It will be concerned with the publicrelations agencies, such as newspapers, weeklyand monthly publications, community agencies,and allied school groups as represented by theParent-Teacher Associations. It will inquire intothe methods whereby the radio may be usedeffectively as a public relations agency.These seven General Subject Committees will,through their seventy or more Topic Groups,cover wide and important areas and will makevaluable contributions to the administration ofour public schools.Not only will the meeting at Cleveland be aworking conference, but it will be a conventionas well. It wi^ll open Sunday afternoon with VesperServices held in the Music Hall of the MunicipalAuditorium. This meeting will be addressed byDr. William Lowe Bryan, President of Indiana University. His subject is "Religion and Democracy." It is doubtful whether a better choice forsuch an address could have been made. Thegeneral sessions will be held Monday morningand Monday evening, February 26th; Tuesdaymorning and evening, February 27th; Wednesday morning and evening, February 28th; andThursday morning and afternoon, March 1st.There is no general theme or keynote for thesegeneral sessions, but an effort has been made tointegrate the work of the general subject committees and the addresses to be given at thegeneral sessions.Monday evening an innovation is planned. Itis to have a banquet for all members of the Department, their friends, and members of allieddepartments. This banquet will be held in theArena of the Municipal Auditorium and we hopewill be attended by 3,000 or 4,000 people. Inaddition to appropriate music and entertainmentan address will be delivered by Dr. Charles E.Merriam of the University of Chicago on thesubject, "Economy, Wise and Otherwise, inMunicipal Government."The meeting at Cleveland may not be spectacular, but we trust it will be one from whichthe members will receive definite and practicablesolutions to the problems which await them.Someone has suggested that this meeting, withits emphasis on important problems during boththe general sessions and the committee meetings,should result in a code of action for school executives. We hope that the findings of the variouscommittees and the inspiration from the generalsessions will enable us to formulate such a codewhich will be, in effect, a charter to guide Boardsof Education, executives, and teachers duringthese troublesome, discouraging, but importanttimes.Chicago Alumni in ClevelandThe University of Chicago Dinner, held annually during the week of the meeting of the Department of Superintendence of the National Education Association, will occur at the Chamber ofCommerce Club of Cleveland in the Terminal Tower, at six o'clock on Wednesday evening, February 28, 1934. Marilla Waite Freeman, President of the Cleveland Alumni Club, will introduceDr. Charles H. Judd, who will preside as Toastmaster. Dr. William E. Wickenden, President ofCase School of Applied Science, Cleveland, and Dr. Paul C. Stetson, President of the Department ofSuperintendence, will be among the speakers. Hungarian gypsy music, played by Mme. VeronaMikova, virtuoso of the czymbalom will be a feature of this program.Tickets will be $1.25 each, and may be secured from Dean William S. Gray, School of Education,University of Chicago, or from Miss Clara D. Severin, 2593 Dartmoor Road, Cleveland Heights,Ohio.STARRED MEN OF SCIENCECHICAGO FACULTY AND ALUMNI• By STEPHEN S. VISHER, '09, PhD '14J" McKEEN CATTELL, then Professor ofPsychology at Columbia University, under-? took thirty years ago to find the rating ofAmerican scientists. He asked the leading research scientists to arrange in order of researchmerit the names of the chief investigators intheir science. As a result of this voting, it wasdiscovered that, in the opinions of those mostcompetent to judge, Chicago had the mosteminent mathematician (Moore), physicist(Michelson), and geologist (Chamberlin), thesecond zoologist (Whitman), and the thirdbotanist (Coulter). In total scientific strength,Chicago appeared to be * about equal to JohnsHopkins thirty years ago, and to be only halfas strong as Harvard.The 5th edition of American Men of Science,issued last May, presents many data of interestto Chicago alumni. It reveals that Chicago has,in faculty strength out-distanced all but Harvard,and has apparently reduced Harvard's scientificleadership to moderate proportions.The scientific merit of a faculty is revealedby both the recognition won by the faculty themselves, and by the scientific attainments of thealumni.Table I gives the number of members of thefaculty first starred in either the third (1921),fourth (1927) , or fifth (1933) editions oi American Men of Science.Most of the men starred in the first editionof American Men of Science (starring done in1903, book issued in 1906) are now dead or inactive and a considerable share of those firststarred in 1910 are no longer active in research.Hence, Table I is a rough inventory of thescientific strength of the faculties of the chiefuniversities.Table IFaculty Members First Starred as LeadingScientists in American Men of Science: 5th, 4thor 3rd editions.5 th 4 th 3rd*933 !927 19*1Harvard i6 21 21Chicago 13 15 13 13910 5 107 135 76 105 94 95 53 52 22 28 101246 72 64 3YaleColumbiaPrincetonMichigan 1 1* Minnesota 9Illinois 8Wisconsin 5Ohio State 4Iowa 3Northwestern 2Johns Hopkins 8Cornell 7Stanford 7Washington (St. L.) 6Mass. Inst. Tech. 5Calif. Inst. Tech. 4 3 2Pennsylvania 498The Chicago alumni first starred, by vote oftheir fellow specialists, in either the fourth (1927)or fifth (1933) editions of American Men ofScience are listed below, by sciences and by yearof starring. This list includes only those whoreceived the bachelors degree or doctorate; inaddition, a number of recipients of masters degrees were starred, and a number of other starredmen took graduate work without receiving, adegree. Since many starred men, in theirsketches in American Men of Science, fail tomention their masters degrees, or graduate workexcept that which directly led to the doctorate,it is not feasible, without access to alumni records, to include all those who had some graduatework.Alumni Recently Starred as Leaders in Research*California College PhD AddressClassANATOMYStarred in 1933Bartelmez, George W. 1910 U. of ChicagoStarred in 1927None -ASTRONOMYStarred in 1933Stetson, Harlan T. 1915 Ohio Wesleyan U.Struve, Otto 1923 U. of ChicagoStarred in 192*]Hubble, Edwin P. 1910 1917 Mt. Wilson Obs.Pettit, Edison 1920 Mt. Wilson Obs.BOTANYStarred in 1933Buchholz, lohn T. 1917 U. of Illinois15 (* Not including those who received only the Masters Degree.)148THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 149CollegeClassBOTANY— continuedStarred in 1933Cooper, William S.Denny, Frank E.Harvey, Rodney B.Starred in 1927Appleman, Charles O.Kraus, Ezra J.Sharp, Lester W.Shull, Charles A.Spoehr, Herman A.CHEMISTRYStarred in 1933Claik, George L.Cohn, Edwin J.Kharasch, Morris S.Schlesinger, Herman I.Starred in 1927Dains, Frank B.Evans, William L.Lewis, Winford L.Miner, Carl S.GEOLOGYStarred in 1933Capps, Stephen R.Chaney, Ralph W.Kay, George F.Leighton, Mori is M.Moore, Raymond C.Wentworth, Chester K.Starred in 1927Mather, Kirtley F.Meinzer, Oscar E.i\$ATHEMATICSStarred in 1933Albert, Abraham A.Graves, Lawrrence M.Ingraham, Mark H.MacDuffee, Cyrus C.Starred in 1927Hazlett, Olive C.Lane, Ernest P.Slaught, Herbert E.MEDICINEStarred in 1927Dick, George F.PATHOLOGYStarred in 1933Graham, Evarts A.Long, Esmond R.PHYSICSStarred in 1933Bearden, loyce A.Duffendack, Ora S.Watson, William W.Starred in 1927Arnold, Harold D.Harrow, Karl K.Dempster, Arthur J.Fletcher, HarveyLemon, Harvey B.Loeb, Leonard B.Mulliken, Robert S.PHYSIOLOGYStarred in 1927Garrey, Walter E.[vy, Andrew C.Luckhardt, Arno B. i9°519061914*9l7i9°3i9°3i9°3191219181926 PhD Address1911 U. of Minnesota1916 Boyce Thompson Inst.1918 U. of Minnesota CollegeClass PhD Address1910191719121915x909 U. of MarylandU. of ChicagoCornell U.U. of ChicagoCarnegie Inst.1918 U. of Illinois1917 Harvard U.1 9 19 LI. of Chicago1905 U. of Chicago1898 U. of Kansas1905 Ohio State U.1909 Inst. Amer. MeatPackers (Chicago)Miner Labs., Chicago1907 U. S. Geol. Survey1919 U. of California- ~1914 U. of Iowa1916 111. State Geol. Survey1916 U. of KansasWashington (St. Louis)1915 Harvard U.1922 U. S. Geol. Survey1928 U. of Chicago1924 U. of Chicago1924 U. of Wisconsin1921 Ohio State U.1915 U. of Illinois1918 U. of Chicago1898 U. of Chicago1905 (M.D.) U. of Chicago1911 1907*9*9 (M.D.) Washington (St.Louis)U. of Pennsylvania1917 1926 Johns Hopkins U.Princeton U.1920 1924 Yale U.1911 Bell Tel. Co.Wl Bell Tel. Co.19161911 U. of ChicagoBell Tel. Co.19061912 19121916 U. of ChicagoU. of California1921 Harvard U.1900 Vanderbilt U.1916 1918 Northwestern U.1906 1911 U. of Chicago 1912190519061910 Yale U.1920 Yale U.190719071917 Wyoming, U. of (dead)Peabody CollegeU. of ChicagoU. of California19261923 U. of ChicagoHarvard U.19151920 U. of ChicagoU. of Chicago1912 Rockefeller Inst.19141916 U. of MichiganHoward U.19161918 U. of ChicagoField Museum, ChicagoPSYCHOLOGYStarred in 1933May, Mark A.Robinson, Edward S.Starred in 1927Downey, June E.Peterson, JosephThurstone, Louis L.ZOOLOGYStarred in 1933-Daniel, John F.Domm, Lincoln V.Hoadley, LeighHyman, Libbie H.Willier, Benjamin H.Starred in 1927Cowdry, Edmund V.Heilbrun, Lewis V.Just, Ernest E.Moore, Carl R.Osgood, Wilfred H.Table II compares the leading universitieswith respect to the undergraduate training (recipients of the bachelors degree) of persons firststarred in 1921, 1927 or 1933. It reveals thatHarvard still leads in total numbers, but Chicagohas gained encouragingly. Chicago with 25 for1927 and 1933 has nearly twice as many as Cornell and Michigan, with 15 each, and more thantwice as many as California, Columbia and Minnesota, with 1 1 each, or than Illinois, Wisconsinand Princeton with 10 each. This is despite thesmaller total undergraduate enrollment of menat Chicago.Table IICOLLEGIATE ALUMNI STARREDStarred inHarvardChicagoCornellCaliforniaYaleColumbiaPrincetonMichiganMinnesotaIllinoisWisconsinOhio StateMissouriHopkinsStanfordMass. Tech.PennsylvaniaTable III gives the number of recipients ofthe doctorate included among the scientists firststarred in 1903 (1000), 1921 (351), 1927 (^5°)and 1933 (250). Harvard again leads, but asin tables I and II, Chicago has gained decidedlyin the last period.* Graduated 15 to 25 years earlier 1921* 192 7* '93}29 20 *99 11 H10 6 913 7 413 2 511 4 72 4 68 7 85 6 56 3 73 9 17 5 33 4 38 4 25 6 39 7 28 6 2150 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINETable IIIDOCTORATES HELD BY STARREDSCIENTISTSStarred in 1903 1921 192J W*Harvard 74 14 21 43Chicago H 7 7 29Columbia 11 4 6 22Hopkins 42 0 2 16Cornell 20 3 3 11Princeton 12 0 5 *3Yale 13 5 5 12California 6 5 4 12Illinois 4 5 6 10Michigan 8 2 0 1Wisconsin 4 3 7 8Departmental RatingsSome readers of the Magazine will be interested in a summary of the comparative strengthof various scientific departments of the University, so far as it is revealed by the number ofrecently starred men who received the doctoratesome 10 to 20 years ago.Anatomy and Astronomy: No university surpassed Chicago in the number of the recipientsof the doctorate who were starred in 1927 and1933 in either anatomy or astronomy.Botany: Chicago stood first for 1927 and 1933combined, with 9; Harvard and Columbia had6, and Hopkins had 5.Chemistry: For 1927 and 1933 combined,Chicago and Columbia with 7 each are tied forsecond place to Harvard with 8, but for 1933,Chicago and Harvard are equal with 4, and aresurpassed by Columbia with 5.Geology: For 1933 Chicago is tied for firstplace with Yale and Harvard, but when 192 1 and1927 are included Yale leads with 16, while Chicago has 14 and Harvard 8.Mathematics: Chicago led in 1921, tied forfirst place in 1927 and had second place in 1933;when these three groups are combined, Chicagoand Harvard each had 14, with Princeton 6.Pathology: Hopkins has a clear, though declining, leadership in this science, with Columbiasecond, and Chicago third. The figures aresmall however; 5, 3 and 2 for 1933, and includethe MD degree as well as the PhD.Physiology: Harvard took the leadership inthe 1933 group from Chicago, which led in 1927and 1921; Hopkins is third.Physics: For 1933, Princeton led, while in 1927Chicago led; when the 1933 and 1927 groups arecombined, Chicago has 10, Harvard 6, Princeton 6. Psychology: Columbia leads slightly, withChicago second and Harvard a close third. Thetotals for 1933, 1927, and 1921 are Columbia 9,Chicago 7, Harvard 6.Zoology: Harvard leads, Columbia is secondand Chicago is a close third.ConclusionsThe foregoing data, obtained from the impartial biographical dictionary, " American Menof Science," reveal that in strength of its scientific faculty, and also in the number of recipientsof the doctorate who were subsequently starred,by vote of their fellow scientists as the leaders in 1research, the University of Chicago greatly surpasses all but Harvard, and has substantiallyreduced Harvard's lead. In the training of undergraduates, who later became leaders in research,Chicago recently has surpassed Harvard, in proportion to the enrollment of undergraduate men,and has far surpassed all the other chief universities, according to the evidence of the 1933starred group. (Table II.)The total scientific strength of the faculty andits success, in the aggregate, in graduatingleaders affects, of course, the spirit of the university and the value of its degrees. But graduate students are trained chiefly in a particulardepartment. Hence, the evidence as to comparative strength of scientific departments is ofinterest. From the number of graduates whowere later starred, it appears that some ten totwenty years ago, when they were being trained,Chicago led with respect to anatomy, astronomy,botany, mathematics, and physics, and was veryclose to the top in chemistry, geology, physiology, psychology and zoology. In pathology itwas third, but quite a distance below the leader.Only in anthropology, of the sciences selectedfor detailed study by Cattell, did it fail to placeamong the leading three universities.The number of starred graduates does notclearly show the present standing of the University, because from 15 to 25 years are required,with rare exceptions, after the bachelor's degreeis received, or from 10 to 20 after the doctorate,before a star is won. This is partly because thevoting that leads to starring is held only at intervals of several years (1921, 1927, 1933, for example).Chicago's strength in 1934 may be inferred,however, from the large number of recentlystarred members of the faculty (Table 1), andthe activity of many of the faculty members who(Continued on page 161)REFLECTIONS IN THE MIRRORANEW year— a new deal— and a brand newMirror revue, fully as smart, as scintillating, and as entertaining as all thosegrand old Mirror shows which are rememberedas bright spots of every year at the University.And when, on March 2 and 3, the curtain goesup on the current production, without a doubtthose in the audience will be able to sense thepresence of many former undergraduates whocontributed their talents to shows of the past.All of the Mirror productions have beendirected by Frank Hurburt O'Hara, '15, directorof dramatics at the University. Until two yearsago the dances were under the direction of FrankParker, and Mack Evans, director of the University choir, has for a number of years lent hisvaluable assistance with the Mirror musicalnumbers.But let's consider some of the particularlymemorable Mirrors of the past. Do you remember that gay "Helen of Troy" song, "AnotherWoman Who Wasn't Understood" from the1927 Mirror? Sterling North, '28, wrote thelyric and Charlotte Thearle Sulcer, '09, themusic. And, later, none other than BeatriceLillie featured it in her own productions, bothin America and abroad.To this same revue, "Here We Are," lyricswere contributed by such notables as DanielCatton Rich, '26, Dexter Masters, '30, andBertha Ten Eyck James, '24, AM, '26, (Mrs.Daniel C. Rich).In the 1928 revue, "High Heels," a dark-eyed • By BETTY HANSEN, '34undergraduate made "her first appearance onany stage" as a member of the chorus. Perhapsher experience in Mirror was the incentive toher later career, for now Frances Dee, "Frankie"to you, needs no introduction. Sterling Northagain contributed several lyrics, and NormanReid and Orvis Henkle, '3 1 , between them, wrotevirtually all the music for the production."Slip-Slaps," the 1929 Mirror revue, featuredsketches by Catherine Scott, '30, John Howe, '27,George Morgenstern, '30, and Robert Graf, '31,AM, '33, among others. Martha Yaeger, '31,wrote several sketches, as well as appearing inthe cast.The 1930 Mirror surveyed five years of production history and paid its respects to the campus in "Yours to Date." In 1931 there was achange of policy, for in "What Ho!" men tookpart in the Mirror show for the first time.A Century of Progress Exposition furnishedthe theme for the 1932 revue, "All's Fair."Berta Ochsner, internationally famous danseuse,became associated with the Mirror at this time,and her well-trained and uniformly effective ballet will long be remembered. The tap chorus,trained by Barbara Cook, '32, brought to theproduction a note of syncopated rhythm whichhas been repeated, with variations, in all thesucceeding revues.Eight Mirror productions have made their bowto the campus, and with each succeeding year theluster of the Mirror, rather than being dulled bytime, seems to gather added brilliance.The Mirror Tappers — Lorraine Watson, Margaret Holohan, Virginia New, Margaret Moore, Margaretha Moore, Helen Leventhal,Elizabeth Cason, Margaret Burns151IN MY OPINION• By FRED B. MILLETT, PhD '31 Associate Professor of EnglishTHE history of contemporary poetry isthe history, not only of a large number of distinct, if not overpowering,talents, but of a series of movements and counter-movements of a very considerable complexity. #The major counter-movement was inevitably areaction to Victorianism in poetry, in particular,to the Tennysonian tradition; this counter-movement expressed itself in the antithetical directions of muscularity and aestheticism, the twomost distinct poetic movements of the nineties.Coincidental with the war were the so-called"Georgian" movement (in some respects, a reaction to the violencies of muscularity and thedepravities of sestheticism) , the imagist movement, and the war-poetry which attempted to assimilate the catastrophic events of the WorldWar into the individual and social consciousness.The post-war period has, again, been marked bya series of mutually opposed but vigorouscounter-movements, agreeing in nothing savetheir hostility to the decadent pastoralism ofGeorgianism, and their esoteric intellectualismand experimentalism. Of these post-war groups,the Sitwells, Robert Graves, and T. S. Eliot arethe energizing nuclei. Somewhat apart from thesepoetic controversies stand the Irish poets andsuch traditional and philosophical poets asRobert Bridges, Lascelles Abercrombie, T.Sturge Moore, and Gordon Bottomley.The revolt in the nineties was a revolt againstthe deteriorated Tennysonian tradition, and, asin most revolts, the rebels misunderstood or misrepresented the enemy against which they wereembattled. What the rebels of the nineties objected to was, not the great and noble artistry ofTennyson in his more heroic poems, but thedebilitation of that strain through the insidiousinfluence upon him of the more provincial anddomestic elements of the Victorian spirit. Theperfection with which Tennyson embodied thedominant Victorian spirit seemed, in the eyesof the rebels, a punishable crime. The purity,not to say the prudishness, of Tennyson's domestic verses intensified the offense. But the Tenny-* The following remarks form part of a critical survey to appear in the forthcoming edition of Manly and Rickert's Contemporary British Literature. sonians were more to blame than Tennyson forthe decadence of late Victorian poetry. Its flaccidbut orotund utterance, the sentimentality of itssubject matter and its attitudes, its Landseer-likefalse nobility: these characteristics, both the muscular poets and the aesthetes felt, must be banishedfrom the poetry of England. Moreover, as at theend of every fruitful period of art, there wasa sense that the vitality of the Victorian subject matter and technique, the metres and theimagery and the diction, had been exhausted,and that new subject matter and new forms mustbe found to renew the life of poetry.Such a renewal of life was sought by WilliamE. Henley and the young men whom he admonished to bring art back again to nature.Poetry was to receive an infusion of red blood byattempting masculine and urban subject matter.Henley, whose robustness had something of theneurotically compensatory about it, was moreimportant as an influence than as a poet, but hisHospital Poems were bold attempts to reducelefractory material to poetic treatment, and hisLondon Voluntaries, though, at this late date,they seem sufficiently romantic in tone, werecourageous in their use of hitherto neglected urban phenomena, and influential in their development of a highly rhythmic unrhymed verse whichin the aesthetic controversies of the war periodwas to be designated as "free." But the mostconspicuous apostle of masculinity in poetry wasthe emergent Rudyard Kipling, who won forpoetry perhaps as wide an audience among relatively unpoetic readers as any poet since Burns.Kipling was immediately noteworthy for his extensions of the materials for verse; cockneysoldiers on every frontier of the Empire, shipsand engines, legends of English history andEmpire-building, flag-waving and drum-thumping patriotism— all these elements were destinedto catch the eye and ear of strenuous nationalistsand exuberant imperialists. And for the treatment of this new and sometimes reluctant material, Kipling developed a superb technique: astrong and finally obvious rhythm, like the trampof marching men or the beating of a tom-tom, aninsatiable appetite for technical words and theoddities of dialect, and a colorful and glamorous!52THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE l53exoticism. But Kipling has suffered immeasurably in critical esteem for the banality of hisideas: his public-school code of unthinking manliness and his aggressive imperialism. To thecomplex post-war era, the poetry of Kiplingseems hardly more than extremely skilful verse.His direction was not the direction that poetrywas to take in a self-conscious and analytical era,though the spirit of Kipling was to be aped repeatedly in the more repellent of the poems produced by the war.Nor was the current of English poetry to bedetermined by the aesthetes whose antics madethe nineties a by- word for fin de siecle decadence.The aesthetic movement is popularly associatedwith the nineties because it reached its apogeein that decade in the spectacular triumph andfall of Oscar Wilde, but it had begun twenty ormore years before as a sort of literary parallel ofpre-Raphaelitism, and was, like it, a protestagainst Victorian bad taste in art and provinciality in thought. The sources of aestheticism wereContinental, in particular, French, but, in comparison with Continental decadence, the decadence of English aestheticism was pallid andimitative. But it had its sensational triumphs andits own minor virtues. More important than theaesthetic creed of the decadents was their ethicalcreed, a perverse inversion of Victorianism. TheVictorians had sentimentalized about virtue; theaesthetes sentimentalized about vice. The Victorians had written for the jeune fille; the aesthetes would write for the demi-mondaine. TheVictorians had placed morality high above art;the aesthetes placed art high above morality. Theonly ideas that could be countenanced were paradoxes arrived at by standing Victorian commandments on their heads. As a guide to life, the aesthetes, perverting the austere impressionism ofWalter Pater, made sensation the criterion of excellence. Craftsmanship and artistry were thedesiderata. Manner and not matter was the important thing. Wilde, with elaborate casuistry,demonstrated that art did not imitate nature, butthat nature imitated art.The indignation aroused by the Yellow Bookand the Savoy, the major magazines founded bythe aesthetes, the dismay caused by the conscientious corruption of Aubrey Beardsley's evil illustrations, the sensations stirred by the depravedand uncontrolled lives of such men as Wilde andErnest Dowson won for the works of the aesthetesan excessive depreciation in their own time, andan excessive over-valuation in the first decadeof the twentieth century. Their actual con tribution to the literature of our time is disappointingly slight. Wilde's talent burned brightestin talk, like acting, one of the most ephemeralof art-forms, and the prose essays, Intentions,approximating most closely his conversation,contain his most enduring achievement. Hislyrics are frail and derivative. The Sphinx is over-decorated and excessively mannered. Only theBallad of Reading Gaol, his most uncharacteristic poem, can be read any longer with admiration. Ernest Dowson survives by virtue of asmall handful of lyrics, in which his spirit, tornbetween sensuality and spirituality, attainedclassically restrained expression. The earlypoetry of Arthur Symons reads like a travestyof aestheticism, but his later work has becomemore athletic, robust, and unaffected. A fewlyrics by Dowson, the malignant beauty ofWilde's Salome, the elegant naughtinesses andsardonic bestialities of Beardsley's drawings—these are the likeliest survivals of the most notorious literary movement of the time.A far more accurate interpreter of the time-spirit than either the muscular poets or theaesthetes was Thomas Hardy, who, renouncingthe writing of novels because of the puritanicindignation aroused by the publication of Judethe Obscure, returned to his first and last love,poetry, and became one of the most impressivepoets of the age. Hardy's poetry is a more directexpression of his personality and philosophy thaneven his finest novels. That personality and philosophy had been formed in the nineteenthcentury, and the twentieth brought little or noalteration of it. Temperamentally inclined towhat has been called a twilight view of life,Hardy accepted more whole-heartedly than anyother major poet of his time the doctrines ofscientific determinism and their implications.To Hardy, as to the true determinist, the Universe is a huge and terrifying machine, operatingunconsciously and purposelessly. Man is boththe product and the victim of this overwhelmingmechanism, a victim of powers negligent of him,because unconscious of his pathetic dream ofsecurity and happiness. But Hardy's vision isnot, as he frequently insisted, merely pessimistic.For him, all life confronts an identical impasse;and, over all forms of life— the coneys on thebattle-field, woman at her most perverse, man athis proudest, Hardy extends the protectingmantle of his brooding compassion, and, whenthe occasion does not call for tears, Hardy isready with a sigh or a wry smile.(Continued on page 161)NEWS OF THE QUADRANGLES• By JOHN P. HOWE, '27ALL has been quiet along the merger/\ front during the past month, except forJL Jl minor sporadic firing in the form of absurd rumors, emanating, apparently, from peoplewho cannot believe any motives are ever disinterested or high-minded. Most startling of therumors is one to the effect that the sinister Rockefeller "interests," seeking to control the attitudesof the rising generation, have promised the University of Chicago untold millions if the mergercan be put over. Mr. Hutchins, wisely refrainingfrom routine denials, plans presently to issue another joint memorandum with President Scott,further outlining what the merger is not. Thecommittees, one at Chicago and several at Northwestern, no doubt have had a meeting or two during the month, further exploring the possibilityof merger.President Hutchins is a busy man. But he apparently finds time to do more cogitating on themutability of human affairs than could reasonably be expected of him. In addition to runningthe University, no small task, giving due thoughtand time to merger, preparing and making hisnormal round of speeches, teaching a class in theclassics of western literature, and serving as headof the local arbitration board under the NRA,the President is presiding over a committee recently appointed by the Social Science ResearchCouncil to canvass the national situation in itsinternational economic setting and to report aprogram of action to the nation by Oct. ist. Despite all this he has, in four recent speeches, shota challenging shaft of thought across the prow ofthe University, and of higher education at large,which has created more discussion in academiccircles— and incidentally in the Daily Maroon—than has the merger proposal.Mr. Hutchins, as we understand him, decriesthe emphasis upon data inherent in the philosophy of pragmatism which has characterized theUniversity, and pleads for more emphasis uponthe rational processes. He takes issue with theWilliam James-John Dewey outlook, deeply inbred in the University, and argues eloquently thatmodern universities, preoccupied with the pursuit of facts, fail to develop the fundamental principles which make facts meaningful. In one of his early speeches at Chicago he remarked that of three great tasks facing highereducation one is the "restoration of ideas to theirproper place in the curriculum." He has now expanded upon that idea. The New Plan made theUniversity's work more efficient, but what is theaim of the University's work? In research the ultimate aim should be the formulation of ideas, heavers. In teaching, the aim is the inculcation ofthe intellectual virtues, and the approach, toquote a key line from one of his recent talks,centers in the belief that "the best practical education is the most theoretical one."Interpreting or excerpting from the Presidentgenerally does him an injustice. But here aresome quotes from his last Convocation address."The most characteristic feature of the worldinto which you are going is bewilderment. Thisis an extraordinary situation. We have more information, more means of getting more information, and more means of distributing informationthan at any time in history. It does not seem thatthe world's complexity has increased at anywherenear the same rate as our knowledge of facts aboutit. And yet we are bewildered."To what can we now appeal? One answercomes in the undiluted animalism of the lastworks of D. H. Lawrence, in the emotionalism ofdemagogues, in Hitler's scream, 'We think withour Blood.' Man attempts to cease to be a rationalanimal, and endeavors to become merely animal.In this attempt he is destined to be unsuccessful."My thesis is that in modern times we have nottried reason at all, but something that we mistookfor it, that our salvation lies not in the rejectionof the intellect but in a return to it. I do not advocate the abandonment of our interest in facts.I would proclaim the value of rational thoughtand would suggest that without it facts may proveworthless, trivial and irrelevant."A university is more than a storehouse ofrapidly aging facts. It should be the strongholdof those who insist on the exercise of reason, whowill not be moved by passion nor buried by blizzards of data. The gaze of a university should beturned toward ideas."A course of study would involve in the FineArts, for example, more aesthetics and far less154THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 155biographical and factual material. In the physicalsciences it would require more of the nature ofmeasurement and its relation to the formulationof a science and far fewer of the countless isolatedmeasurements and exercises now performed inthe laboratory. In biology it would diminish theemphasis now given to innumerable details aboutinnumerable organisms and place it on the comprehension of the general scheme of evolution asa theory of history. And in all that study whichappears in every department and which is calledhistory, a university would endeavor to transmitto the student not a confused list of places, datesand names, but some understanding of the natureand scheme of history through which alone itsmultitudinous facts become intelligible."The scholars in a university which is tryingto grapple with fundamentals would not cease togather facts but would know what facts to lookfor, what they wanted them for, and what to dowith them after they got them. We might seeagain the connections of ideas, and the absurdityof many intellectual barriers that now divide us."The process of departmentalization has carried with it "surprising losses in general intelligibility," Dr. Hutchins said. "A unversity mustbe intelligible as well as intelligent. It must findbetter methods of communicating the ideas whichit is its duty to foster and develop."A university so organized and so conductedmight stand unmoved by public clamor; it mightbe an island in a sea of turmoil; it might be arallying point of all honest and upright men."Addressing the entire faculty early in Januaryat the annual dinner given by the Trustees, Mr.Hutchins said that in the last five years the University has progressed toward ideals of unity,liberty and clarity. Then he took up his principaltheme:"I think you will agree that most of the changeswe have made have had to do with the mechanicsand organization of the higher learning. Theseimprovements have not made us any better thanwe were. They have simply given us a chance toshow how good we are. Now I think we are prettygood. If this is not the best university in theUnited States, it is certainly one of the two best.From the standpoint of both education and research we may be proud of what the Universityof Chicago has done and is doing."I have affirmed on another occasion that the°bject of a university is to emphasize, develop,and protect the intellectual powers of mankind.Scholarship and teaching must be tested by theircontribution to this intellectual end. "I have attempted to show that facts are notscience and that the collection of facts will notmake one; that scientific research, therefore, cannot consist of the accumulation of data alone;that the anti-intellectual account of science givenby scientists has produced unfortunate effects onthe work of other disciplines which wish to bescientific; and that our anti-intellectual schemeof education, resulting in large part from thisanti-intellectual account, was misconceived andincapable of accomplishing the objects set for itby its sponsors."At the same time I have proclaimed the valueof observation and experiment. Nor have I suggested that ideas are revealed. All ideas comefrom experience. Propositions, however, do not.Propositions are relations between ideas and science consists of propositions. I have insisted uponthe logical priority of rational analysis, not its psychological priority. I am concerned with the logicof science, not with the psychology of scientists."Without proposing that we discontinue anything that we are doing I have proposed a shiftin emphasis and attitude. Our emphasis and attitude should be intellectual."These ideas, President Hutchins observed,were not original with him, and he quoted Bert-rand Russell, Jevons, Poincare, and others as thesources of his philosophy."I agree that research in the natural sciencesproceeds, for the most part, in accordance withthe principles I am advocating," PresidentHutchins continued. "Physics, for example, is anexcellent empirical science. In the law, the humanities, and the social sciences, however, ifscholars are to be scientific they must understandwhat science is. From Francis Bacon on, manypeople have advised them that it consists merelyin accumulating data."You may deny that natural scientists eventhink or talk as though science were the accumulation of data. For answer I refer you to what theyteach. We have in every university in Americathe interesting spectacle of pure scientists teaching in ways which cannot be reconciled with theway they work. They offend as much as or morethan the rest of us in filling their students full offacts, in putting them through countless littlemeasurements, in multiplying their courses, individing up their subjects into smaller andsmaller bits."Whitehead has said in effect that the bestpractical education is the most theoretical one.An anti-intellectual attitude toward educationreduces the curriculum to the exposition of de-156 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEtail. There are no principles. The world is a fluxof events. We cannot hope to understand it. Allwe can do is to watch it. This is the conclusion ofthe leading anti-intellectuals of our time, William James and John Dewey."I may goint out that this anti-intellectualismwill mean the end of pure science and of education. The driving power behind science has notbeen merely the desire to master nature; it hasbeen the desire to understand it. If we cannotunderstand it we may as well abandon purescience and betake ourselves to engineering. Ifwe cannot understand it we can give our studentsnothing but evanescent facts selected on the basisof the kind of experience we think they will getwhen they graduate. If we want to give our students experience we should get out of business.The place to get experience is in life."If research is understanding and education isunderstanding, and what the world needs isunderstanding, then education and research arewhat the world needs. They become at once themost significant of all possible undertakings.They offer the only hope of salvation, the hopeheld out to us by the intellect of man."What this means, translated into specific termsof policy or organization, Mr. Hutchins does notsay. Most specific of his suggestions is one madebefore the American Association of Law Schools.He proposes that universities which maintainlaw schools should create separate departments ofjurisprudence, theoretical in approach, withemphasis on formulating and expounding basiclegal principles rather than on teaching countless practical details. Such a department wouldproduce exceptional lawyers as well as contributeto legal scholarship, he holds.EconomistDr. Melchior Palyi, eminent German economist who was displaced by the Nazis from important academic and semi-official positions inBerlin because of his liberal convictions, hasbeen appointed visiting professor of economicsat the University.An outstanding authority on money, Dr. Palyiwas chief economist for the Deutschebank andprofessor in the Berlin Handelhochschule untilthe political upheaval early this summer. He leftGermany promptly and was the guest of the Midland Bank, London, until he came to America toaccept the Chicago appointment.In Berlin he was also, Director of the Instituteof Currency Research, the monetary advisorybody of the Reichsbank, editor of that body's journal, Monetary Economy; and a member ofthe presidential board of the German Free TradeAssociation and of the German Investors' Association.Dr Palyi's appointment is for an academicyear. The course he gives during the winterquarter is entitled "Monetary Theory." Duringthe spring quarter he will give a course on "European Banking Systems and Problems" and during the summer a course on "Business Cycles."Dr. Palyi's appointment was made possible bygifts to the University from several sources, including several Chicago donors, and he will divide his time between the campus and severaldowntown groups interested in banking andmonetary policy.Honors-of-the-MonthEighty-six members of the university faculty—a number slightly smaller than usual— departedthe Midway during the holidays to exchange thepolysyllables of scholarship at the annual Christmas meetings of learned societies. Six Chicagoscholars— a number slightly larger than usual-were elected presidents of their groups for thecoming year, as follows: Professor William E.Dodd, now on leave from the University andserving as American minister to Berlin, as president of the American Historical Association,second largest of the scholarly societies; ProfessorArthur H. Compton as president of the AmericanPhysical Society; Professor Harry A. Millis, aspresident of the American Economics Association; Professor Ernest Burgess, as president ofthe American Sociological Society; ProfessorFay-Cooper Cole, as president of the AmericanAnthropological Association; and Professor-emeritus Sophonisba P. Breckinridge, as president of the American Association of Schoolsof Social Work. Miss Breckinridge, longthe head resident of Green hall and holder of theSamuel Deutsch professorship of public welfareadministration, was feted upon her return fromMontevideo, where she served as a delegate to thePan-American Congress, the first woman representative of the United States. No novice in theair, she flew from Buenos Aires to Miami, inorder to meet her classes at the Midway on thefirst day of the winter quarter. Promptly uponher return she learned of her election, receivedthe first copy of her newly publishd volume,"The Family and the State," was honored at areception and spoke for the newsreels. A leading authority on social, industrial and political(Continued on page 163)ATHLETICSScores of the MonthBasketballChicago, 24; Marquette, 31Chicago, 32; Ohio, 42Chicago, 18; Michigan, 34Chicago, 26; Illinois, 32WrestlingChicago, 18; Illinois, 18SwimmingChicago, 43; Loyola, 41FOLLOWING a football season that forecast better things in the near future, thebasketball time of year likewise is indicative of substantial improvement. The Maroonbasketball team's greatness is at present potentialand not actual, but at least the team does notcreate the attitude of hopelessness with which thefaithful customers regarded the aggregation of1933. Coach Nelson Norgren has a squad ofplayers who have not yet won a conference game,yet have a chance against any rival in the Big Ten.One reason for the slow start is that the teamwhich now represents Chicago did not play together in competition until after January 1 . BillHaarlow, key man of the team, did not becomeeligible until the Marquette game; Bob Pyle,Leo Oppenheim, and several other sophomoreswere not in residence until the opening of thewinter quarter. A sophomore team needs allthe experience that it can get, and Chicago hasbeen learning the game in its Big Ten competition.At the present time, the lineup is Haarlow andTommy Flinn at forward positions; GordonPeterson at center, and Oppenheim and Bill Langat the guards. Flinn, one of the two lettermenfrom last year, is the only regular not a sophomore. Peterson is 6 feet, 4 inches tall; Oppenheim is 6 feet, 3 inches and weighs 205, andHaarlow is an even 6 feet, giving fairly goodheight for conference competition, despiteLang's 5 feet, 9 inches and Flinn's 5 feet, 7.Haarlow, who is being 'honored by the attentionof the best guards the opposition can produce, isa beautiful floor player and certain to make several sensational field goals in a game. He throwsthe ball over his head, hooks it at the basket withone-handed shots from impossible angles, and By WILLIAM V. MORGENSTERN, '20, JD '22generally specializes in shots that do not requirethat he be set. He is not yet playing his normalgame, but it will not take much longer for himto get adjusted to the Big Ten competition. Pyleis another sensational type of player, but he hasnot held his place on the team because his defensive work has been weak. Flinn, no shooter atall, but a furiously aggressive player who is allover the floor, and a good team man, has won hisplace at least temporarily because he does put upa fight on defense. Peterson has lots to learn, buthe is making progress. He does fairly well ingetting the tipoff and can push in a follow-upshot or two a game. Oppenheim, a little slow, andoften fooled by block plays, uses his height togood advantage in picking off rebounds. Lang iscompetent defensively and he is always dangerousas a scorer, particularly on attempts from far outon the floor. The need of the team is strongerdefensive play, for there is enough scoring abilityto win games.Of the three conference games played so far,Chicago might just as well have won two. Itput up a strong fight until the last part of theOhio game, when the players wilted because theywere not used to the pace. At that, had they beenable to handle out of bounds plays and Ohio'sdriving plays under the basket, they might havewon. The Michigan game was played at AnnArbor the Monday following the Saturday nightgame with Ohio, and on a foreign floor for thefirst time, the team couldn't do a thing. At halftime the score was 19 to 3 in favor of Michigan.The players were inclined to think too well ofthemselves because they had put up so good afight against Ohio, co-champions of last year.They thought Michigan's team of footballplayers, which had made a very poor record inthe pre-conference season, was nothing to worryabout. Lack of sleep on the brief night trip,which began at 1 o'clock and ended shortly afterfive, was another factor. Interestingly enough,three of Mr. Norgren's young men had neverbeen in a Pullman before, and one of them, Pyle,is authority for the statement that a box car ismore comfortable to sleep in. After looking veryhopeless against Illinois in the first half, the teamrallied to take the lead near the end of the secondperiod, only to relax its defense on a couple of157i58 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEquick plays, one of them an out of bounds play.Oppenheim was not in the first period of thisgame, and the difference he made in the secondhalf was most obvious.Football, quiescent since the first of December,became a subject of conversation with the announcement that Marchmont Schwartz, NotreDame's "All America" halfback of 1930 and 1931had been appointed an assistant coach. Schwartzfor the last two seasons was backfield coach atNotre Dame under Heartley Anderson. He isregarded as one of the ablest young coaches in thecountry, particularly as a teacher of backfieldtechnique. He and Julian Lopez, the assistantCoach Shaughnessy brought up from Loyola,will coach the backs. This is not the first association of Shaughnessy and the famous Schwartz,for "Marchie" was on the former's Loyola freshman team. Spring practice for the freshmenwill begin in March, when the new assistant willstart his work on the Midway.The track team has not yet had any competition, and it will not be particularly spectacularwhen it does start operations. Capt. Ed Cullen,who would be a fine quarter miler, still hastrouble with pulled muscles, and may not be ableto run at all. If he does, he will go into the 880.Harold Block, a fair sprinter at indoor distances,but not as good as John Brooks was last year, andPete Zimmer, who hasn't done particularly wellin track, will run the dashes. Bart Smith, a ratherpromising hurdler, who is best over the 120-yardroute, and Jay Berwanger, who can do 0:09 inthe 70-yard event, are the best high hurdlingprospects, although Otto Sindelar, a sophomoreis giving some indications of ability. Zimmershould be the best man in the low hurdles. Hetook second to Sandbach, Purdue's star, in thequadrangular last year. Sam Perlis, who alreadyhas done 0:51.1, the best time he has ever made,and Bart Smith, good for 0:50 as an outdoor quarter miler, but with too long a stride for the indoor turns, will be the hopes in that event. IfCullen can run at all, he is capable of 1 : 56 in thehalf. Otherwise, Ed Nicholson and Dexter Fair-bank, who do 2:00 and Oliver Lowry, a transfer from Illinois, are the best. Bob Milow, whoqualified for the indoor conference mile, beatingout Neese of Indiana in 4:30, and ran a 4:28 milein the outdoor quadrangular, is the only respectable distance man. He may be used in the two-mile. Last season was the first that Milow hadever done any running, and he should showconsiderable improvement. In the shot, GeneOvson and Jay Berwanger can do 45 feet. John Roberts, who achieved 1 3 feet at the Drake relays,and is consistently clearing 12 feet, 6 inches, isthe only vaulter. Roberts also high jumps around6 feet. Lee Yarnall, eligible for the first time,is another 6 foot jumper. Berwanger can do 5feet, 9 inches. There are no broad jumpers, nowthat Brooks has graduated. Berwanger did 23feet in high school, but with the hurdles and shotas his main events, probably will not compete inthe broad jump.Coach Ned Merriam has the best freshmanteam that has ever reported, including Ned Bartlett, 0:09.9 in high school; Adolph Schuessler,a fine indoor sprinter, but not so good over longerdistances; George Abel, city champion in the polevault with 11 feet, 10 inches; John Scruby, whoput the 12 -pound shot 52 feet, 8 inches; WilliamBosworth, and Thomas Giles, shot putters whobeat 50 feet in high school; Elbert Thomas andHarmon Meigs, who are strong in both the shotand discus; Philip Johnson, who ran the mile in4:39 last year at Oak Park; John Webster, a halfmiler who placed in the Stagg meet; MiltonTryon, who ran 2:03 at U. High, and AlfonsTipshus, who did 2:02 at Oak Park. John Auld,from Ft. Collins, Col., who ran 0:52; John Beal,a fine hurdler and high jumper from U. High,and his teammate, Richard Lindenberg, whoruns the high hurdles and quarter in good time;and Carlisle, a o: 16 high hurdler from Nebraska,are other real prospects. Merriam thinks Websterhas better promise than Letts, and he also hashigh hopes of Lindenberg, who has fine form.The wrestling team is fairly capable in themiddle weight classes from 135 to 165 pounds.Coach Vorres as usual has had little success inattempting to enlist the football men on whomhe casts a longing eye, and all he can hope forfrom his heavyweights is that they will not losean extra two points by being pinned. GeorgeHoward, 135 pounds; Robert Kracke, 145pounds; Capt. Marvin Bargeman, 155 pounds,and Edward Bedrava, 165 pounds, all won theirbouts from able Illinois wrestlers. George Factor,a 175 pounder, hasn't learned much about wrestling as yet, but he put up a courageous fightagainst an experienced Illinois opponent andafter twice breaking dangerous holds almost wonthe match.Chicago's swimming team is about the same aslast year. Charles Dwyer, who placed third in theconference breast stroke, and Capt. Dan Glomset,who was fourth in the same event, are back. Both,(Continued on page 163)THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE »59WASHINGTON ALUMNI GOSSIPTHE University of ChicagoAlumni Club of Washington,D. C, had the great pleasureand privilege of having SecretaryIckes as guest speaker at its December meeting. A census takenat the meeting revealed some interesting information about the personnel of the Washington Club whichwe pass on to you, in abbreviatedform. Among those present werethe following people: Harold L.Ickes '97, JD'07, Secretary of the Interior; Anna Wilmarth, '98 (Mrs.H. L. Ickes), Member of theIllinois General Assembly; James P.Pope, LLB'09, U. S. Senator fromIdaho; Pauline Horn, '07, (Mrs. J. P.Pope); Mordecai Johnson, '13, President of Howard University; W. M.Gewehr, '11, AM' 12, PhD'22, professor of history at American University; Godfrey L. Munter, '19,attorney and counsellor at law;Earl Dean Howard, '02, PhM '03,PhD'05, Deputy Administrator,NRA; Leona Bachrach, '20 (Mrs.W. N. Graham), Assistant to Administrator of Public Works Administration; Fred L. Marx, '30,private secretary to the Secretary ofthe Interior; W. C. French, AM'24,professor of education at GeorgeWashington University; W. P.Steins, PhD'oo, retired; Ethel C.Randall, '04, PhM'06, dramatic editor and critic of the National GeorgeWashington Bicentennial and author of the official pageant; Mary A.Nourse, '05, Mt. Vernon Seminary;Grace E. Frysinger, '14, senior homeeconomist, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Extension Education; AliceTisdale Hobart, '12, author of "Oilfor the Lamps of China"; Eloise B.Cram, '18, with Bureau of AnimalIndustry, Dept. of Agriculture-Adelaide S. Baylor, '97, Chief ofhome economics education in Office of Education— addressed TexasState Teachers Association in November on "Does home economics educate for home and familylife?"; Philip M. Glick, '29, JD'30,attorney, Division of SubsistencvHomesteads, Dept. of the Interior;David L. Krooth, '28, JD'30, attorney, Public Works Administration; Ethel Meyers, '18, Division ofPassport Control, Dept. of State;Katherine A. Frederic, ex, Secretary, Dept. of Efficiency in Government,National League of Women Voters;Mary E. Maver, '14, PhD'26, biochemist with the National Instituteof Health, making an importantstudy of cancer; Mabel L. Bishop,PhD'23, head of Dept. of Biology atHood College; Elizabeth Verder, '23,PhD'28, assistant professor of bacteriology, George Washington Schoolof Medicine, doing important research work in leprosy; Carl A.Scheid, '32, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation; David M. Maynard, PhD'30, Federal EmergencyRelief Administration; O. E. Mein-zer, PhD'22, U. S. Geological Survey;Mrs. Etta F. Winter, '97, in chargeof work for the Union List of Serials,Library of Congress, a valuablereference book; Victor N. Valgren,PhD'24, Senior Agricultural Economist, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture;Margaret G. Bacon '12 (Mrs. Clarence D. Blachley), economic researchassistant, Legislative Reference Service, Library of Congress, (thisbureau supplies the material thatappears in many of the better informed speeches in Congress); Clarence D. Balchley, PhD'19, economist, U. S. Tariff Commission;Cerna J. Sampson, '32 (Mrs. MartinTaitel), social case worker, TransientBureau, Washington, D. C; MartinTaitel, '29, assistant statistician,NRA; Anne B. Citterman, '29, (Mrs.Bernard D. Cahn), social case worker,Emergency Relief Division; Mary E.Sheads, ex, retired teacher; FrankA. Manny, ex'02, Research Nutrition Clinics, Inc., Boston; Ana L.Thomas, '03, Treasury Department;William A. Hunter, '17, associateprofessor of law, George Washington University; Cleona Lewis, '17,AM'22, Research Staff, BrookingsInstitution; Ruth Reticker, '12,NRA Research Staff, published incollaboration with L. C. Marshall"Expenditures for the Administration of Justice, Ohio, 1930," JohnsHopkins Press, 1933; Dorothea C.Schmidt, '16, librarian, BrookingsInstitution; Samuel J. Elson, '22,Public Works Administration;Walter A. Bowers, '20, Public WorksAdministration; William E. Armstrong, AM'24, professor of Europeanhistory, American University Graduate School. Moat people know, at least by hearsay, about the glorious go-as-you-please cruises of the famous PresidentLiners. (The ones that let you stopover as you like between New York and California or the Orient, andRound the World). . . But do you know that this summer you may actually sail away, any week, for a grandvacation in California, Hawaii, Japan, China and thefascinating Philippines for little if any more than youwould spend on many an ordinary get-away? It is afact . . . Any travel agent, oranyofour offices will giveyou all details. If there is no office near you use thecoupon. Write . . .DOLLARAMDAMERICAN604 Fifth Ave.,New York; 1 10 S. Dearborn St.,Chicago;760 Stuart Bldg., Seattle; 311 California St., San Francisco. Or Boston, Washington, Cleveland, Toronto,Vancouver, B. C, Portland, Ore., San Diego.Please send your new folder describing all of thePresident Liner cruises, and oblige GG2Addressi6o THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEAlbert Teachers' Agency25 E. Jackson Blvd., Chicago535 Fifth Ave., New York415 Hyde Bldg., SpokaneA general Placement Bureau for men andwomen in all kinds of teaching positions.Large and alert College, and State Teachers' College departments for Doctors andMasters; Critics and Supervisors for Normals. Also many calls for Special teachersof Music, Art, Home Economics, BusinessAdministration, Correspondence Teaching.Fine opportunities in Secondary Schools.A host of best Suburban patrons for gradeand High School teachers. Read our booklet. Call. NEWS OF THE CLASSESPROFESSIONALDIRECTORYDENTISTDR. GEO. G. KNAPPDENTISTWoodlawn Medical Arts Bldg.Suite 304 1305 E. 63rd StreetPhone Plaza 6020OSTEOPATHYDOCTOR H. E. WELLSOsteopathic Physician and SurgeonPhysio-Therapy — X-RayLight Treatments6420 Cottage Grove Ave.Phone DORchester 6600Hours 9 A. M. to 9 P. M. Home Calls MadeSCHOOLSBEVERLY FARM, INC.36th YearA Home, School for Nervous and BackwardChildren and Adults220 Acres, 7 Buildings, School Gymnasium, Industrial and School Training Given, Departmentfor Birth Injury CasesGroves Blake Smith, M.D. Godfrey, III.Practical Business TrainingBusiness Administration, Executive-SecretarialStenotype and 14 Other College Grade Courses77th YearTrain for Assured Success Write for Catalog, Bryant & Stratton College18 S. Michigan Ave. Randolph 1575 COLLEGE1900Coe Hayne is secretary o£ literature and research for the AmericanBaptist Home Mission Society. Partof his research has had to do withthe early days of Baptist churchwork in the Ulinois-Iowa-Michigandistrict, and he has written a number of articles on this subject forMissions, the church publication.1902Edna L. Stevens (Mrs. JamesSheldon) sailed from New York onJanuary 14, with her son, John,Dartmouth '32, on the Resolute, fora trip around the world. They planto return by the end of May.1903Lynne J. Bevan is the new nationalpresident of Delta Upsilon fraternity.1905E. M. Kerwin and Mrs. Kerwinare spending a winter vacation inPhoenix, Arizona.1906La gene Lav as a Wright is financialadviser to various oil, natural gasand gold mining industries, operating from Chicago. #* Mary N. Allen(Mrs. Homer N. Bishop) reportsthat her daughter, Priscilla Bishop,'31, has graduated from the samecourse in the University which shetook, and is now following in thesame line of work, kindergarten-primary teaching. #* Margaret Lee(Mrs. Morris I. Horner) has beenliving with her family at Lausanne,Switzerland. They have now returned to this country, and are livingat Alexandria, Virginia, so that herdaughters may attend George Washington University.1909Carrie E. Tucker (Mrs. FrederickDracass) is living in St. Petersburg,Florida. She has retired from teaching, and Dr. Dracass has retired fromhis medical practice. *# Marian Stinchfield (Mrs. L. A. Hopkins) isliving in Santa Barbara, Calif., andstates that her occupation is "fourchildren."1910Clara S. Roe is completing a threeyear contract with the Y. W. C. A. assecretary for the Buenos Aires organization. She may be reached at CalleSarmiento 652, Buenos Aires, Argentina, until July first, when she willreturn to New York City.1911John D. Scott continues his workas 2nd vice president of Delta Upsilon fraternity.1912Ruth Reticker is a ghost writer forthe A.F. of L. in Washington, D. C.She writes, "I came over in July towork for a week or two and have hada box seat for the passing show ofcodes ever since. It's been a fascinating job and a most strenuous one.I had expected to get off for a fewweeks when along came L. C.Marshall and began functioning aseconomic adviser (he spends theother half of his time at Brookings).Of course he was all for startingsome new work, and I wanted towork with him, so I stuck around."## Frederick T. Wilhelms is president for the fourth successive yearof the Chicago High School TeachersAssociation. He is a member of thefaculty of Bowen High School. #*James E. Dymond is a commercialorchardist operating in the generalvicinity of Honor, Mich. He ispresident of the school board of thatcity, and serves the Michigan CherryGrowers as vice president of theirco-operative league.1913Harrison Biller is with the CurtisPublishing Company in Philadelphia. *# Winifred F.Miller (Mrs.John M. Clark) writes that she andher husband and children have spentthe last eight months abroad. #*Jeanette Israel (Mrs. Harry Greenstone) and her husband are spendinga six weeks' vacation in Californiathis winter, taking their little daughter, Barbara, 4, along.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 161("Negro Education,"continued from page 141)in the medical schools and hospitals.Altogether appropriations amounting to $4,341,102.63 have been madefor Negro medical education, inwhich is included a million dollarsto the University of Chicago for endowment of instruction in theProvident Hospital. The situation atProvident Hospital, which has secured the former plant of the Chicago Lying-in Hospital, provides ahexcellent opportunity for co-operation between it and the University'sMedical School and Billings Hospital. There are approximately 125Negro graduates in medicine eachyear in the United States. Very fewsecure interneships of the type givenby the better university hospitals,and their chances for worth-whilepostgraduate work are still more restricted so far as clinical subjects areconcerned. The development atChicago is primarily intended tomeet these needs.The recent financial depressionhas borne more heavily upon 'Negroinstitutions than upon those forwhite people, because in times offinancial stress the Negro usuallysuffers first. Moreover, the amountof his accumulated capital is less, andfriends of Negro education amongthe white people find it more difficultto continue their contributions. Theresult is that Negro schools and colleges are the first and most severesufferers. Recognizing this situation,the Board during the past two yearshas assisted a number of these institutions to meet their current expenses and to avoid deficits. Thegifts made by the Board to an institution for this purpose were partlyunconditional and partly conditioned upon the institution raising a supplemental sum. The successwhich has resulted from their effortsto meet the conditional offers of theBoard testifies to the eagerness ofthe Negroes for higher education andto the sacrifices which they are willing to make to obtain it.("Starred Men of Science"continued from page 150)were starred earlier.The "New Plan" is considered bycompetent judges to be especiallyadapted to attract capable and ambitious undergraduates and to give considerable numbers of them thetype of training favorable to the development of the independent andscholarly attitude conducive to laterdistinguished achievement. As by3915 Chicago had forged far aheadof all the other chief universitiesexcept Harvard, and was ahead ofHarvard in proportion to menundergraduates, it seems altogetherprobable that in this important respect Chicago is now well in thelead.("In My Opinion,"continued from page 153)Hardy's poetic art is not readilyaccessible to all readers. Like Browning, although perhaps less consciously, Hardy resorted to crustyand crabbed diction and rhythms,but he was capable of intenselyricism, and his verse techniquewas a suitable though rough andsturdy garment for his great poeticspirit. Every line that Hardy wroteis touched, intimately or remotely,by the view of life that, common in its essentials to all scientificdeterminists, he made peculiarly hisown. And yet, his lyrical writing isvarious in mood, from the sardonichumors of his satires of circumstance,terse as condensed novel-plots, to hisgay or melancholy love-lyrics, andhis portraits of microscopicallystudied nature and sub-human life.Most characteristic, however, are hisphilosophical lyrics, in which theview of life is stated in abstract termstouched by profound emotion.Hardy's supreme achievement is hispoetic drama, The Dynasts, inwhich, with tremendous imaginative force, he applied his doctrines tothe history of one of the most striking incarnations of the will-to-power.Viewed from the remoteness of aHeaven of Hardy's own devising,Napoleon's disruptive career takeson the character of a universalpuppet-show in which seemingly wilful figures are jerked hither andthither by unseen strings. Here, asin his lyrics, the range in tone andmanner is extreme, from the earthlyhumors of his peasant chorus,through the conscientious dullnessesof parliamentary debates, to deeplypoetic lyrics and visions of epic action wrought with a world-sweepingimagination.(To be continued.) SCHOOLS— continuedMacCormac School ofCommerceBusiness Administration and SecretarialTrainingDAY AND EVENING CLASSESEnter Any Monday1170 E. 63rd St H. P. 2130The Mary E. Pogue SchoolFounded 1903For Children and Young People NeedingIndividual InstructionSpecial Training, Medical Supervision,Trained Nurses, College Trained FacultyHome Atmosphere 25-Acre EstateMany Students Have Continued inAcademic SchoolsWheaton, III.BUSINESSDIRECTORYARTISTS SUPPLIESEDWARD C. BUNCK4645-47 South ParkwayPAINTS — GLASS — WALL PAPERArtist's MaterialsALL PHONES OAKLAND 0845Deliveries to All Parts of Chicago Suburbs AWNINGSPhones Oakland 0690— 069I— 0692The Old ReliableHyde Park Awning Co.,INCAwnings and Canopies for All Purposes4508 Cottage Grove AvenueAUCTIONEERSWILLIAMS, BARKER &SEVERN CO.Auctioneers and AppraisersPublic auctions on owner's premises or at oursalesroomsAccept on consignment the better quality of furniture, works of art, books, rugs, bric-a-brac, etc.We sell on commission or buy outrightOur specialty liquidating estates, libraries, etc.229 S. Wabash Ave. Phone Harrison 3777 AUTO LIVERYCHICAGO PETERSENMOTOR LIVERYLINCOLNSWjth Experienced Chauffeurs5548 Lake Park Ave. MID way 0949162 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEAUTO SERVICE STATIONSWASHINGTON PARKSERVICE STATIONWe Appreciate Your Patronage5601-7 Cottage Grove Ave.Phone Dorchester 7113for Economical TrantportmHomSALES ^CHEVROLET, SERVICEParts — Passenger Cars — TrucksMODERN SERVICE STATIONORME CHEVROLET CO.5200 Lake Park Ave.USED CARS FAIRFAX 0825BOOKSKrochs BookstoresBooks On All SubjectsIn Every LanguageAsk for Catalog, stating special interests206 N. Michigan AvenueCHICAGOBROKERSClark G. (Skee) Sauer '12WithJames E. Bennett & CompanyStocks — Bonds — Grain — CottonMembers: New York and ChicagoStock Exchanges, Chicago Board ofTrade, All Principal Markets.332 So. LaSalle St. Tel. Wabash 2740CATERERSJOSEPH H BIGGSFine Catering in all its branches50 East Huron StreetTel. Sup. 0900 Tel. Sup. 0901Quality and Service Since 1882CHEMICAL ENGINEERSAlbert K. Epstein, '12B. R. Harris, '21Epstein, Reynolds and HarrisConsulting Chemists and Engineers5 S. Wabash Ave. ChicagoTel. Cent 4285COALQUALITY COAL PRICED RIGHTLESTER COAL CO.4025 Wallace St., at 40th PlaceAll Phones: Yards 6464 1914F. L. Hutsler has been with theLos Angeles branch of the UnitedStates Rubber Co., for the last nineyears. ## Emma Brodbeck, afterspending over a year in graduatestudy at the Divinity School of theUniversity of Chicago, has returnedto her missionary work in westernChina. Her Chicago home is withher sister, Hazel E. Brodbeck, '12,SM'i8, (Mrs. A. R. Gay). ** C. W.Brittan, AM'26, is principal of Doo-little and Webster schools, Chicago.1915Roderick Peattie has published,through Ginn and Company, a newCollege Geography. William Mc-Andrew, in School and Society forJune, 1933, says of it, "The artistry,broad outlook, and engaging powerof discourse of the author permeatethe book and inspire strong enthusiasm in the reader. Peattie writes ofrivers like a lover. 'The Sea andShips' is an epic chapter. He transcends scientific calm in his treatment of mountains and man. Earth,air, water, climate, woods, fields,islands, the constant inspiration ofpoets are here set forth in all theircharm. The questions, readings,projects, exercises and other detailsof study and teaching are unique inpower of arousing interest. It isworth a Pulitzer prize!" ## MilaParke (Mrs. W. W. Coultas) is livingat DeKalb, 111. She has a fifteenyear old daughter, Ruth, in the DeKalb Township High School.1916Merlin M. Paine is executive director of the Northampton CountyEmergency Relief (Penna.).1917Helen R. Olson is still with theDeBoth Cooking School, 224 E. Ontario, Chicago. She is advance agentfor the school.1918Margaret A. Stewart is householdscience adviser and director of theHome Institute of the TorontoHydro-Electric System. She wasformerly a teacher of householdscience in this country and in Alberta, Canada, and served as headdietitian of the General PublicHospital of Saint John. 1919Kenneth C. Macpherson is justback from a seven months' tour ofEurope and the Near East, rangingfrom Gibraltar to Beirut and Alexandria and from Naples to northwestern Scotland and Sweden.1920Donald McMillan O'Hara is superintendent of schools of EastLansing, Michigan.1921Lois Olson, SM'2j, who has beenwith the American Geographic Society for some time, is now studyingat the London SchooL Address: 102Clifton Hill, London, N.W.8, England.1924M. Aline Bright, head of the English department of Murphy HighSchool, Mobile, Ala., wrote a seriesof articles on the Century of Progress for the Mobile Times, afterspending two weeks in Chicago inspecting the exhibits this summer.## William A. Askew is pastor ofthe Christian Church of Vandalia,111. He reports that in spite of drasticfinancial readjustments the work isprogressing satisfactorily. ** AllenD. Albert, Jr., AM'31, is lecturing atSeabury- Western Theological Seminary in Evanston, 111. ** Florence L.Platt is supervisor of art and teacherof that subject at Bozeman, Mont.1925Maude L. Rupel is principal ofthe Jefferson School of Dayton, Ohio.*# Vinnie E. Marshall teaches homeeconomics at West High School,Denver, Col.1926Ralph V. Spaulding is a geologistand geophysicist, working in the general region of Tulsa, Okla. ** J. B.Adkins is teaching mathematics atMoses Brown School, Providence,R. I. He has just received hismaster's degree from Harvard University this winter. *# Edwin T.Hellebrandt is an assistant professorof economics at Ohio University. Hehas published two articles in theJournal of Land and Public UtilitiesEconomics.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 163("Athletics,"continued from page 158)however, were beaten in the Loyolameet. There are two new men in thebreast stroke, Joseph Stoler, a prepstar at Englewood, and Hurbert Will,from Wisconsin, who may beatDwyer and Glomset before the season is over. John Roberts, the sameyoung man who is the white hope inthe pole vault, is the best fancydiver. He made a very high score inthe Loyola meet. To fill up his sparetime, Roberts also is doing tumblingfor the gymnastic team, and theyoung man may end up with three"C's" for his quarter's work. Thebackstroke men, Donald Bellstromand George Nicoll, who competedlast year, are somewhat faster, butstill not fast enough for the conference. The free-style men have possibilities only for places in dualmeets.Dan Hoffer, who wins the conference gymnastic championship soregularly that his team is news onlyin the rare years that it loses, inclinesto be pessimistic, despite the fact thathis squad is still headed by GeorgeWrighte, the all-around leader ofthe Big Ten. Mr. Hoffer fears Illinoisparticularly. There are some whosuspect, however, that in footballlanguage, Mr. Hoffer is but "keying"his men for their work.("News of the Quadrangles,"continued from page 156)problems, particularly with referenceto the status of women, MissBreckinridge has the distinctionof being the first woman graduateof the University's Law School,first woman member of the localchapter of the Order of the Coif,first woman admitted to the Kentucky bar. She is a descendant of afamous Kentucky family. Her greatgrandfather, John, served as Jefferson's attorney-general, and hergrand-uncle, James, helped foundthe University of Virginia. Herfather, William C. P. Breckinridge,served five terms in Congress fromKentucky; his cousin, John CabellBreckinridge, was at 35 years, vice-president with Buchanan, and theyoungest man to hold that office.Dr. James Bryant Conant, Harvard's new 40-year old president, wasawarded the honorary degree ofDoctor of Laws at the University'sx74th Convocation December 19th. Two hundred and fifty academic degrees also were conferred, 129 bachelor's degrees and 121 advanced orprofessional degrees. In the lattergroup were holders of lesser degreesfrom 86 other institutions, which istypical. Professor Robert J. Bonner,chairman of the Department ofGreek, has been elected a corresponding member of the Academyof Athens. Trained in law as wellas in the classics, Dr. Bonner haswritten extensively on the development of law in classical times.NotesDr. Beardsley Ruml, who resignedthe presidency of the Spelman Fundto become Dean of the Social Sciences Division at the Universityunder the reorganization of threeyears ago, has resigned his deanship,effective March 1st, to become treasurer of the R. H. Macy Co., NewYork department store. . . . TheBoard of Trustees has voted toabolish the $20 matriculation fee andto substitute a quarterly fee of $2for registration and gymnasium privileges. . . . Professor Paul Douglas,who spends a good deal of time inWashington as a member of the Consumers' Advisory Board of the NRA,is now Director of the Bureau ofEconomic Information, which is organizing some 3,000 consumersgroups in counties throughout thecountry. . . . Professor John H. Coveris in Washington heading a researchgroup on retail prices. . . . Fifteenhundred people, faculty membersand their wives or husbands, wereinvited to the President's receptionon New Year's Day. . . . Six hundred geologists and mineralogists metat the Midway during the holidays.. . . Professor Jacob Viner, now onleave teaching at the Institute ofHigher Studies, Geneva, Switzerland,was named by Irving Fisher of Yaleas one of the ten Americans who"understand money". . . . Several research projects employing CWAworkers are directed by Universitymen. . . . The University's annualcompetitive scholarship examinations for high school seniors will beheld in sixteen cities of the middlewest and south on May 12th and inChicago May 18th. . . . The oldGraduate Clubhouse has been turnedover to the Department of Music,and Mr. Jan Chiapusso, formerlyhead of the piano department atthe defunct Bush Conservatory of(Continued on page 164) COAL — continuedRIDGE FUEL & SUPPLY CO.Coal — Dustless CokeFireplace Wood — Cannel1633 W. 95th St. BEV. 8205CUTLERYKRAUT & DOHNALHIGH GRADECUTLERYWe Grind Anything that NeedsAn Edge325 S. CLARK ST.PHONE WEBSTER 7360DECORATINGIt will pay you to haveour estimate and expert adviceNATIONALDECORATING SERVICEHart Bros. System, Inc.4035 S. Michigan Ave. Boulevard 9700ELEVATORSReliance Elevator Co.PASSENGER AND FREIGHTELEVATORSFor Every Purpose212 W. Austin Ave. ChicagoFISHJ. A. DAVIS FISH CO.Specialize in Supplying Hotels,Restaurants, Hospitals, Institutions.Fresh Caught Direct From the Fisherman211 N. Union Ave.Phone Haymarket 1495FLORISTS— _ . gfL ^CHICAGO®&P Established 1865QJjjr FLOWERSPhones: Plaza 6444, 64451631 East 55th Street164 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEFURSELLIOTT FUR CO.DESIGNERS OF HIGH GRADEFURSREPAIRING and REMODELING36 Years of DependabilityTax Warrants AcceptedStevens Bldg. 17 N. State St.CENTRAL 1678 SUITE 1000FOODSFOODPRODUCTS Durand-McNeil-HornerCompany251 to 315E. GrandAve.r Chicago, III.Superior9560FRUIT AND VEGETABLESCOHEN and COMPANYWholesaleFruit — Vegetables — Poultry211 South Water MarketPhones Haymarket 0808 to 0816GARAGEUniversity Auto GarageCo.16 Years of Dependable ServiceWe Call For and Deliver Your CarTelephone Hyde Park 4599II69 East 55th StreetHOTELS"Famous for Food"Dancing and EntertainmentNightlyCircular CRYSTAL Barthe BREVOORT hotel120 W. Madison St. ChicagoHARPER SURF HOTEL5426 Harper Ave.Beautifully Furnished Home-LikeRooms, Private Bath and Shower$5 and UpPHONE Miss MonsellPLAZA 3900 Mgr.PARKLAND HOTELFacing Jackson Park1550 East 63rd St.300 Rooms — Private BathFrom $5 WeeklyFolder with details of rates and services will besent on request. 1927Mildred Patterson (Mrs. Louis D.McGirr) is in charge of domestictravel arrangements in the JohnStocks Travel Bureau, which hasheadquarters in the Press Buildingat the University. Mrs. McGirr hasbeen with the Stocks Bureau for fiveyears, and reports that she has triedall types of domestic transportation,from airplanes to inland waterways.## Colin Gordon is with the GrainPurchasing Department of theQuaker Oats Company, Chicago. ##ing at the University ElementaryHelen Richardson, AM'33, is teach-School, and living at InternationalHouse.1928Russell D. Harkness has moved toPortland, Oregon (3914 N.E. 75thAve.). ## Leon H. Lewis is a member of the Cruttenden and Eger Advertising Agency, of Chicago.1929Florence Patterson (Mrs. DonaldDean Parker) is living in Manila,P. L, where in addition to her carefor her two small daughters, husband and house, she is doing somekindergarten training work. ##Dorothy Bernet (Mrs. Lester J. Cap-pon) is teaching a play school thiswinter, in University of Virginia. ##Alice Benning (Mrs. Charles Darlington) reports her return fromSwitzerland and her new address as944 Fifth Avenue, New York City.1930Bertha Heimedinger (Mrs. Michael Greenebaum) writes that theson and heir is now nine months old.## Wanzer Brunelle is Universitypastor at Ohio State University. Law AlumniAdmitted to the BarNorman H. Arons, '31, JD'33Herbert H. Cobb, '31, JD'33Robert F. Dewey, JD'33Harvey G. Friedmann, '32,Elmer C. Grage, '27, JD'33Oscar H. Green, '31, JD'33Albert R. Griffith, AM'29,Ben Grodsky, '33, JD'33John H. Hardin, '31, JD'33George L. Hecker, '31, JD'33Alfred Israelstam, '31, JD'33S. Harrison Kahn, JD'33Harold Krulewitch,'3i, JD'33Philip Newkirk, '30, JD'30Albert Noel, '31, JD'33Adolph M. Rothbardt, JD'33Leo S. Rubenstein, JD'33David F. Silverzweig, LLB'33Dominic Tesauro, JD'331932Lawrence Schmidt is secretary toPresident Hutchins. ## Gil White isnot stopping for a Master's but goingright through for a PhD in Geography. ** Chet Laing is in the investment business. *# Margaret Egan istermed a "professional" under theNRA code while working for Marshall Field's in the advertising department. ## Louis Ridenour, Jr., is stillat California Institute of Technologydoing graduate work. ## Sam Hor-witz is continuing at the Law Schoolas is M erwin Rosenberg. ## BettyMerriam, in addition to giving information at International House isdoing graduate work in S. S. A., hav-("News of the Quadrangles,'Music, has been awarded a teachingfellowship in the department to givea course in Beethoven. . . . Dr. Frederick Schuman, assistant professor ofpolitical science, returned to thecampus from a sojourn in Europeat the start of the quarter, and Dr.Manuel Andrade, Mayan expert ofthe anthropology department, returned from the Maya country. . . .Dr. Marshall Dimock, associate professor of political science, left theMidway Jan. 1 bound for the Panama Canal Zone, where he will make continued from page 163)an objective survey of the PanamaRailroad Co., a government ownedcorporation which engages successfully in many types of commercialactivity. He will report his findingsto Secretary of War Dern and to theUniversity's Social Science ResearchCommittee. . . . The great 80-inchmirror for the reflecting telescope ofthe McDonald Observatory, jointproject of the University of Texasand University of Chicago, has beensuccessfully cast.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 165[ng abandoned History. ** FredAdams is with the Visking Corporation doing sales research. #* TonyAlic is with Armour 8c Co., and soare Joseph R. Sherry and Frank W.Murray. ## Betty Parker is doinggraduate work in S. S. A. ## CarlScheid is secretary to some one inWashington. ## Enos Troyer, havingsuccessfully dished out hamburgersat the Fair during the summer isnow with one of the big packers. **The star dancer of Blackfriars, Joseph T. Salek is doing graduate workin the Divinity School. *# Stoddard/. Small is statistician for Harris, Up-ham & Co. ## Harold Press was acase worker for the Illinois Emergency Relief Commission and is nowapplying for a CWA job. #* EdgarJ. Fagan is over at Wieboldts in thecharge credit department— there'syour chance to see how good yourcredit is. ## Ralph E. Darby is married and is in the restaurant business. ## Thorvald E. Hotter is secretary to one of Montgomery Ward'sVice Presidents. ** James L. Mayerwas in the hotel business till theFair closed which in turn closed thehotel— he's now applying to theCWA. ** Stillman Frankland is vacationing in Pasadena, California, fora month after which he will returnto investigating the securities dealersfor the Secretary of State.MASTERS1908Guy Roger Clements, AM, isteaching mathematics at AnnapolisNaval Academy.1910Mr. and Mrs. Guy W. Sarvis, AM,are living in Nashville, Tenn., whereMr. Sarvis is teaching at VanderbiltUniversity. He recently spoke onJapan over N.B.C.1913Julia D. Randall, AM, is teachingEnglish in Cleveland High School,St. Louis, Mo. She reports that shelikes the new form of the Magazinevery much.1915Elizabeth McConkey, AM, is professor of German and Spanish atKeuka College, Keuka Park, N. Y.1927Bertha I. Baker, AM, has taughtFrench at Flint (Mich.) Junior College for the last five years. Chicago Alumni in the CurrentMagazinesAsia — JanuaryStalin in Action, Anna LouiseStrong, AM'07, PhD'08. MyFirst Glacier, Gertrude EmersonSen, '12. A Chinese Classic Reviewed by Nathaniel Peffer, 'n,and A. W. Hummel, '09, AM' 11,DB'i4.Asia— FebruaryThe Soviet President's Wife, AnnaLouise Strong, AM'07, PhD'08.Cosmopolitan— FebruaryGun-fight at Burnt Corral, AlanLeMay, '22.Current His tory— JanuaryAre the Bankers to Blame? H.Parker Willis, '94, PhD'98.Esquire— JanuaryEsquire's Five Minute Shelf,Burton Rascoe, '13.Foreign Affairs— JanuaryDolfuss and the Future of Austria,John Gunther, '22.Fo rum— JanuaryThe Soviets Pay Their Bills, AnnaLouise Strong, AM'07, PhD'08.Harpers— JanuaryEducators Groping for the Stars,Nathaniel Peffer, 'n.Literary Digest— December 30The St. Lawrence Waterway andPower Project, Lynne J. Bevan,'03.McC all's Magazine— JanuarySpeak to Me of Love, VincentSheean, '20.Mercury— FebruaryWhy Women Become Hobos,Walter Reckless, '21, PhD'25.Na tion —December 13The Reichstag Fire Still Burns,John Gunther, '22.Red Book— JanuaryErring Spouse, Frank R. Adams,'04.Scientific Monthly— JanuaryDiscovery and Early History ofthe Positive Electron, Karl K. Dar-row, 'n, PhD' 17.Yale Review — Winter, 1934Labor Under the NRA, Robert W.Bruere, '02. The Future in Banking, H. Parker Willis, '94, PhD'98. LAUNDRIESADAMSLAUNDRY CO.2335 Indiana Ave.Superior Hand WorkOdorless Dry CleaningTelephoneCalumet 3565THEBEST LAUNDRY andCLEANING COMPANYALL SERVICESWe Also DoDry Cleaning — Shoe Repairing4240 PhoneIndiana Ave. OAK land 1383Standard Laundry Co.Linen Supply — Wet WashFinished Work1818 South Wabash Ave.Phone Calumet 4700LITHOGRAPHINGL C Mead '21 E. J. Chalifoux '22PHOTOPRESS, INC.Planograph — Offset — Printing725 So. LaSalle St.Wabash 8182MUSIC PUBLISHERSMcKINLEY MUSIC CO.1501-15 E. 55th St. CHICAGOPOPULAR AND STANDARDMUSIC PRINTERS AND ENGRAVERSMusical Settings — Compositions ArrangedPublishers of McKinley Edition of 20 cent MusicSTANDARD — CLASSICAL — TEACHINGORIENTAL RUGSWe sell to all Universities andtheir associates at ourWholesale PricesEastern Carpet and Rug Co.5 South Wabash Av., ChicagoJohn Moloney DearbornSales Manager 7024PAINTINGGEORGE ERHARDTand SONS, Inc.Painting — Decorating — Wood Finishing3123 PhoneLake Street Kedzie 3186i66 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEPAINTING AND DECORATINGEMIL C. ERICKSEN & CO.Painting and DecoratingDraperies — UpholsteringFurniture Refinishing6830 Cottage Grove Ave.Phones Dorchester 3584-5PLATINGYou Wreck 'em We Fix 'emMcVittie Plating & BrassRefinishing Works, Inc.Expert Metal Platers and RefinishersChromium — Nickel — Copper — Silver — GoldBrass — Bronze— All Antique and Modern FinishesWe plate or refinish anything made of metalWe specialize in silver plating tableware1 600-02-04 S. State St. Calumet 2646-7-8PHOTOGRAPHERSMOFFETT STUDIOCAMERA PORTRAITS OF DISTINCTION30 South Michigan Blvd., Chicago . . State 8750OFFICIAL PHOTOGRAPHERU. of C ALUMNIRADIO-PLUMBINGA. J. F. Lowe & SonI2I7 East 55th StreetPlumbing — Refrigeration — RadioSales and ServiceDay Phones Mid. 0782-0783Night Phones Mid. 9295-Oakland II3IRESTAURANTSChicago's Most Unique RestaurantB AN Z A I'SWhere Stars and Celebrities Meet6325 Cottage Grove Ave.American and Oriental CuisineOrders Delivered Hot at No Extra ChargeA Steak at Banzai 's IS a SteakPhone DOR. 09l7Lunch eon Tea — Dinn erGreen Shutter Tea Shop5650 Kenwood Ave."Remember it's smart to dineat the Green Shutter —It's Different"The Best Place to Eat on the South SideANDIXaK[*liHB*4: (Pkefp*.COLONIAL TEA ROOM6324 Woodlawn Ave.Restaurant I423 E. 62nd Street 1928James H. Wilson, AM, is president of the southern division of theColorado Education Association. Heis superintendent of schools atRocky Ford, Col. *# Florence N.Hanson, AM, teaches church historyand religious education at Penn College, Oskaloosa, Iowa.1931Vaughn C. Wallace, AM, is amember of the department of education at Nebraska State TeachersCollege, Kearney, Nebr. He held afellowship in education at IowaState last year.1932Frances M. Allison, AM, is instructor in English and physical education in the Sycamore, 111., HighSchool.DOCTORSOF PHILOSOPHY1907George D. Birkhoff of HarvardUniversity has been awarded a prizeof 10,000 lire ($825), donated byPope Pius XI, in an internationalcompetition for the best book on"Systems for Solution of DifferentialEquations/' The award wras madeduring the exercises inauguratingthe new Pontifical Hall of Scienceon Dec. 17, 1933.1908Anna P. Youngman, '03, is an editorial writer for the WashingtonPost, Washington, D. C.1913George D. Fuller was elected president of the Ecological Society ofAmerica at its Christmas week conference; A. G. Vestal, PhD '13, is thenew secretary of the organization.1915Harlan T. Stetson is with the Institute of Geographical Explorationat Harvard University.1916Elmer H. Zangg is Dean of theTheological Department in TahokuGakuin, and secretary of the missionthere. His address is Tohoku Shing-akubu, Tamondori, Sendai, Japan.1925/. M. Levine, '22, is with the Danci-ger Oil Company of Tulsa, Okla. #* Fay B. Karpf is teaching in NewYork City.1926Mary M. Steagall, Ed.B/03, '06,SM'23, head of the department ofzoology at the Teachers College ofCarbondale, 111., has just beenelected to a fellowship in theA.A.U.W.1928Oden E. Sheppard heads the chemistry department at Montana StateCollege, Bozeman.1931F. W. Bachmann is at the Collegeof Mines and Metallurgy, of El Paso,Texas.1932Lyman G. Parr at t is a researchphysicist at Cornell University.RUSH1883C. D. Carter, MD, is chief of staff atSt. Mary's Hospital, DeKalb, 111.,for 1934.1896S. L. Anderson, MD, is the newlyelected chief of staff at Glidden Hospital, DeKalb, 111.1917Anna S. Klein, Med. Cert., is secretary to Drs. Beck, Pollack and Led-erer, 2561 N. Clark St., Chicago.1922Temple Burling, '20, MD, is apsychiatrist, with offices at 907 S.Lincoln St., Chicago.1924A. L. Craig, '20, MD, is chiefsurgeon for the Shriners' Hospitalfor Crippled Children in Honolulu,H. I.DIVINITY1887C. L. Fisher, DB, teaches in theSchool of Religious Education atSehna University, Ala.1905Alva J. Brasted, DB, is the newlyappointed chief of army chaplains.He will be promoted from the rankof major to colonel, and will holdoffice for four years. It is interestingto note that he succeeds Julian E.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 167Yates, another Chicago alumnus ofthe Divinity School class of 1900.1907Edward A. Henry, DB, director oflibraries at Cincinnati University,recently gave three talks over WLW0n "History of Writing and EarlyPrinting."1923James B. Ostergren, AM' 18, DB,writes, "after serving time in thearmy of the unemployed I becameminister of the Lewisburg BaptistChurch. You'll probably find mehere for a good many years to come,in an excellent church and a choicecommunity.ENGAGED1912J. Stanley Moffatt, '12, to DorothyLois Beck of Harvey, 111.Albert F. Cotton, '28, and Alica RIDINGMidway Riding Academy6037 Drexei AvenueExpert InstructorsBeautiful Bridle Path and Good HorsesUniversity of Chicago RidingHeadquartersMidway 9571 Phone Dorchester 8041ROOFINGGrove Roofing Co.(Gilliland)Old Roofs Repaired — New Roc DfsPutOn24 Years at 6644 Cottage Grove Ave.Lowest Prices — Estimates FreeFairfax 3206RUG CLEANERSHAAKER & HENTSCHORIENTAL -:- DOMESTICRug and Carpet CleanersUpholstering and Refinishing5165 State St. Oakland 1212STORAGEPhone MID way 9700 HYD e Park 0452Peterson Fireproof Storage Co.Chas. A. Peterson, Pres.Moving and ExpressingPacking and SnippingForeign ShipmentsBranch: 8126 Cottage Grove Ave.55th Street and Ellis Ave. Jensen. Mr. Cotton is AssistantBursar of the University of Chicago.MARRIEDInez R. Adkinson, '98, to HomerJ. Hale, spring, 1933. Mr. Hale ismanager of the Central OntarioBranch of the Canada Life Assurance Company, at Hamilton, Ont.Howard Wakefield, 'iy, MD'24,to Thelma I. Roach, December 31,1933, Chicago; at home, 1421 East53rd Street, Chicago.Arthur P. Locke, PhD'24, to RoseH. Brennwasser, '24, December 10,1933; at home 5528 Hyde Park Boul.,Chicago.James L. Watson, '27, JD'29, toVirginia A. Lane, '30, December3°> 1933> Chicago; at home, 6437Kimbark Ave., Chicago.Leon H. Lewis, '28, to Ruth T.Rosenfels, '32, October 18, 1933. Athome, 1115 Hyde Park Boulevard,Chicago. SMELTINGU. S. WANTS GOLDDiscarded Old Jewelry, Dental Gold, BrokenWatches, etc. Redeemed for Cash, Dependable and Courteous Service. Management of42 years' experience. Old, established andresponsible. Bring or send direct. Don't sellto strangers. WE EMPLOY NO SOLICITORS.U. S. SMELTING WORKS(The Old Reliable)39 So. State St., Cor. Monroe, 4th FloorSTOCKS AND BONDSP. H. Davis, 'II H. I. Markham, 'Ex. '06R. W. Davis, '16 W.M. Giblin, '23F. B. Evans, 'IIPaul H. Davis & Co.MembersNew York Stock ExchangeChicago Stock Exchange37 So. LaSalle St. Franklin 8622TEACHERS AGENCIESF. I TEACHERSISK AGENCY28 E. Jackson Blvd. CHICAGO- Our Service is Nation WideTHE YATES-FISHERTEACHERS AGENCYEstablished 1906PAUL YATES, Manager616-620 South Michigan Ave.Chicago BORNTo James C. Ellis, '23, MD'26, andMrs. Ellis (Dorothy Sage, '24), adaughter, Barbara Jean, December8, 1933, DeKalb, 111.DIEDJohn Freeman Mills, DB'93,January 15, 1933. Lynbrook, L. L,N. Y. ** Wardner Williams, '93,January 2, 1934, at Pueblo, Col.Ross Allen Harris '3 MD'99, April15, 1933, Burlingame, Calif.Lena Dell Harris, '04 (Mrs. WirtPayson Doty), June 30, 1930, AnnArbor, Michigan.Florence C. Fox, '08, October 17,1933, Washington, D. C.Anna E. Hoerr, Ed.Cert'13,August 12, 1933, Edgerton, Wis.Lillian Gordon, '21, July 4, 1933,Waukegan, 111.Roy R. Rutledge, AM'23, December 2, 1933, from drowning in LakeMichigan.UNDERTAKERSBARBOUR & GUSTINUNDERTAKERS4141 Cottage Grove Ave.PHONE DREXEL 0510LUDLOW- SCHNEIDERFUNERAL DIRECTORSFine Chapel with New Pipe OrganSEDAN AMBULANCETel. Fairfax 28616110 Cottage Grove Ave.UPHOLSTERINGDERK SMIT & CO.Interior DecoratorsFurniture and DraperiesUPHOLSTERINGand Refinishing6830 Cottage Grove Ave.Phones Dorchester 3584-5-6VENTILATINGThe Haines CompanyVentilating Contractors1929-1937 West Lake St.Phones Seeley 2765-2766-2767UNDERGRADUATEA Real ServiceTHE Student Lecture Service, which wasorganized last year by George Van derHoef in conjunction with the Board ofVocational Guidance and Placement, has againarranged a remarkable program of distinguishedspeakers. The program this year has already included such lecturers as Frances Perkins, Rockwell Kent, Edgar Ansel Mowrer and CommodoreFellowes. The lectures are held at Mandel Halland the entire proceeds are paid in salaries tostudents who are working their way throughschool by managing the various business aspectsof the enterprise. Professor Raymond Moley,former head of Roosevelt's "brain trust," is scheduled to speak on February 9th. Those connectedwith the lecture service are to be highly commended for performing a genuine service to theUniversity and the University community bybringing these men and women to lecture atMandel Hall at about one-third the usual admission price.Freshman ClubsFreshmen have already felt the urge to bandtogether. Deprived by deferred rushing rules offraternity membership for half of their first year,they have organized clubs of their own to serveas temporary substitutes for fraternities. Quitea number of these clubs have been founded andthey seem to be serving a laudable purpose offurthering collegiate friendships and as aids inorientation.Straight from RockneUndergraduates are definitely elated over theappointment of Marchmont Schwartz, formerall-American from Notre Dame, to the footballcoaching staff. Schwartz, a great player and agentleman, intends to practice law and is coaching merely as a sideline, but he is neverthelessconsidered one of the foremost football coachesin the country. We feel that we are indeed fortunate to have procured him as an assistant toCoach Shaughnessy.Why Grades?That is the question the Daily Maroon is asking the student body in a campus-wide poll. The TRENDS• By CHARLES TYROLER, 2nd'35Maroon has embarked on a campaign to abolishletter grades (A-B-C-D-F) substituting in theirplace merely ' 'satisfactory" and "unsatisfactory"and possibly also giving honors for exceptionalachievement. The vote is now in progress andthe result will be known when this article appears.- We feel, however, that letter grades or percentilerankings are inevitable in the present day university. Even if the movement is successful andgrades are abolished, there would be no way ofpreventing professors or departments from keeping secret grades.The Jolly OrderBy the time this article appears, this year'sBlackfriars book will already have been selectedby Richard Henry Little, Gerald Bentley andLucia Cassidy. Fifteen books were submitted andthe judges were chosen by James Henning, thisvear's abbot of the order of Blackfriars. Black-friars, rated as one of the three best men's collegiate musical organizations in the country, isone of the University traditions that seems littlethe worse for wear. Its merriment and jolly goodfellowship combined with the valuable experience that it offers makes it worthy of the apparentpermanence that it has achieved.Less and LessClub rushing has been consummated. Eighty-five girls have taken bids to the fifteen local organizations. This number is smaller than thatof previous years and is an indication that clublife on the campus will become even less significant than it is at the present time; and that'ssaying a lot!All Together: One-Two-ThreePublications are progressing in orderly andefficient style. Their respective offices have beencentralized in Lexington Hall for the purpose ofobtaining greater convenience, inter-relationshipand co-ordination. This centralization will, nodoubt, place added emphasis upon the position ofStudent Publisher, left vacant by Charles Newton, whose duty it is to act in an advisory capacityto all the publications. A new Student Publisherwill probably be selected in the near future. Thisis the first definite step taken toward co-ordinatingpublications after years of idle speculation.B UT ITS FAIR AND WARMBY TELEPHONE!Outside, hurrying feet plod onagainst the winds and swirl-ing snow of winter. On such aftday, it is good to be indoorswhere all is snug and warm.All outdoors may be frowning, the thermometer closeto zero, street travel an exhausting task. Yet to yourtelephone it is as clear and fair as a day in June.Without moving from your chair at home or inyour office, you can send your voice across the snow-swept miles. Wind and weather need not delay thenecessary tasks of business or break the ties- betweenfriends and relatives. Through all the days 6( theyear, the telephone is your contact with the worldbeyond your door. It knows no season — no letting upwhen the going gets hard. Through storm and flood, an army of trained employees works ceaselessly alongthe highways of speech.This very day, as you talk so easily from thewarmth and comfort of your home, a lineman may bescaling a pole far out on a frozen mountainside — sothat the service may go on. So that you may talk toalmost anyone, anywhere, at any time.Make someone happy these winter days through a voice visit bytelephone. A boy or girl at school, a mother or father inanother city, or a good friend away on a visit. To most places175 miles away, for example, the rate for a station-to-station callis 95c in the daytime, 85c after 7 P.M., and 55c after 8:30 P.M.BELL TELEPHONE\THE CIGARETTE THAT'STHE CIGARETTE THAT /a&te& T>ettel© 1934Liggett & MyersTobacco Co.