THE UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO MAGAZINEDECEMBER'1933Last Minute News FlashesBig Increase in Retail AdvertisingIn October, merchants gavt the CHICAGO HERALD AND EXAMINER28,873 more lines of retail advertising than in the corresponding month of 1932.This gain is more than twice as large as that shown by the other morning newspaper. It follows a September gain in retail advertising greater than that of anyother Chicago paper. (Media Records, Inc.)Leads for 16 Months in Want AdsClassified advertisers are in a position to check results promptly and accurately.So it is important to all advertisers that these shrewd buyers of newspaper spacegave the HERALD AND EXAMINER an impressive leadership for the sixteenthsuccessive month — placed 62,510 more lines in its classified section duringOctober than in that of the second Chicago newspaper. (Media Records, Inc.)Media Records Reports October LeaderWith last month's figures now complete, it is seen that the TOTAL PAID ADVERTISING carried by the CHICAGO HERALD AND EXAMINER wasgreater than that of any other Chicago newspaper — morning or evening. This totalincludes national, local, legal and classified linage.Advertisers Develop Responsive MarketThe figures cited in the three preceding paragraphs prove that Chicago businessmen are devoting more and more of their appropriations to the development ofthe HERALD AND EXAMINER market. It is a rich market ! It is responsive togood advertising !THE UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO MAGAZINEPUBLISHED BY THE ALUMNI COUNCILCharlton T. Beck, '04 Ruth C. E. Earnshaw, '31Editor and Business Manager Associate EditorFred B. Millett, PhD '31, William V. Morgenstern, '20, JD '22, John P. Howe, '27,Contributing EditorsMilton E. Robinson, Jr., '11, JD '13, Ethel Preston, '08, AM '10, PhD '20, Donald Bean, '17,Editorial BoardON OUR cover we show thefacade of the UniversityChapel as caught by thecamera of John Mills, '33, who isback on the quadrangles after a summer of picture taking for the Centuryof Progress.Speaking of the Century of Progress, we are reminded that it standsunique among all international expositions, having as its Director ofConcessions a world renownedscientist, a doctor of philosophy, whohad spent a quarter of a century onthe faculty of one of the world'sgreat universities. Forest Ray Moulton was active in the organizationand promotion of this great exposition from its very inception, servingas a Trustee of the Century of Progress, and as a member of the Executive Committee of the Board. His acceptance of the directorship of Concessions received more comment thandid the cooperation of Arcturus inilluminating the grounds, and he isin far more advantageous position totell of what went on behind thescenes than is Arcturus.Henry Gordon Gale is, very definitely, a Chicago product. A graduateof the College, a. doctor of philosophy', a C man in football, he hasbeen on the University faculty since1899, with time out from 1917 to1919, for service in the U. S. Army,from which hd graduated a Lieutenant Colonel in the Signal Corps witha citation for "especially meritoriousand conspicuous service." Interna- IN THIS ISSUEtionally known as a physicist, he hasserved as Chairman of that department at the University, as Dean ofthe Ogden Graduate School of Science, and more recently, as Dean ofthe Division of the Physical Sciences.•Among our thousands of alumnae,perhaps none has had a life fullerin opportunities or richer in accomplishments than Katherine Be-ment Davis. A graduate of Vassar,she won her doctorate at Chicago in1900. She has studied in Berlin andVienna and has been honored by de-TABLE OF CONTENTSDECEMBER, 1933PAGECover, The University Chapel Facadelohn Mills, Jr.Behind the Scenes at the Fair, F. R.Moulton 51Among the Departments, Physics, HenryG. Gale 56Three Score Years and Ten, KatherineBement Davis 58Placement Service, Arthur H. Kent. . . .62What Makes Chicago Great, SisterAntonia McHugh 64In My Opinion 68Book Review 70News of the Quadrangles 71Athletics 75Chicago Alumnae Give a Party . , 78Music 79Radio 79News of the Classes 80Undergraduate Trends, Charles Tyroler,II, '35 88 grees from Mt. Holyoke, Western Reserve and Yale. Nationally known asa social worker, she became an international figure when appointedCommissioner of Correction for NewYork City— the first woman memberof the municipal cabinet of thenation's metropolis. And now, fromher delightful home in Asilomar,come the advance sheets of her autobiography, soon to be published. TheMagazine is most fortunate in beingpermitted to print all too brief portions' of this intimately interestingstory.Sister Antonia McHugh contributes, the second of our articles bycollege presidents. A bachelor and amaster from the University, she hasbeen connected with the College ofSt. Catherine's at St. Paul, since 1910,and has been president since 1918.She has seen the college enrollmentincrease from 18 in 1911 to 687 in1932, and has been largely instrumental in so shaping the educationalideals of the institution that St.Catherine's is not only approved bythe college accrediting agencies butis rated as "Grade A" college by theuniversities of the Middle West.•We bring you a page of undergraduate comment; as our commentator we are fortunate in obtainingCharles Tyroler, II, a New Yorkerwho was attracted to Chicago by thenew plan in the College. Tyroler isactive on the Daily Maroon, on thetennis team, and in many otherworthy activities.The Magazine is published at iooq Sloan St., Crawfordsville, Ind., monthly from November to July, inclusive, for The Alumni Council of the Universityof Chicago, 58th St. and Ellis Ave., Chicago, 111. The subscription price is $2.00 per year; the price of single copies is 25 cents.Entered as second class matter December 10, 1924, at the Post Office at Crawfordsville, Indiana, under the Act of March 3, 1879.RYERSON LABORATORY— SCENE OF MANY A FAMOUSDISCOVERYVOLUME XXV! THE UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO MAGAZINE NUMBER 2DECEMBER, 1933BEHIND THE SCENES AT THE FAIR• By F. R. MOULTON, PhD '00JUST as I was about to spend a comfortableevening or two in spinning out a long-winded,long-promised article on Students I HaveKnown, the Editor politely ordered me to changemy plans and to write briefly on "Behind theScenes at the Fair." Since for two years I wasclose to the military system that prevailed at ACentury of Progress, I know why orders are givenand consequently I obey.When I first read the title assigned, I had somemisgivings respecting the character of the revelations that might be desired. Could "Behind theScenes,, mean behind the fans, and did the Editorexpect me to reveal all the secrets, if there are any,of the fan dances? Before becoming utterly panicstricken, it occurred to me that, if the Editor haddesired such an exposure, he would have selectedfor the task one of the many members of the University Faculty who are much better qualified tomake it than am I. Hence I give the text assignedme a more serious interpretation and plod heavilyon my way. For me at present "Behind theScenes" will mean, first, the ideals and the forcesthat, during the darkest days of a world-wideeconomic disaster, produced a really fine exposition. The title will mean, too, some quantitativemeasures of the public responses to the variousthings the Exposition had to offer."A Century of Progress!" The word progressimmediately demands definition. As used by theexposition officials, it meant the growth of industry, particularly as it depends upon science,and the contributions of industry to the comfortand welfare of mankind. Though progress, asdefined, does not directly include the aestheticaspects of life, it is nevertheless an epic theme; for,during the hundred years since Chicago was amud-bogged village, science and its applicationshave transformed the world. To dramatize this transformation with a considerable measure ofsuccess was a great achievement. This dramatization attained its highest level in the pageant oftransportation, known as the "Wings of a Century." In effective presentation of progress inphysical things, this exposition surpassed all previous ones; and, in such engineering details asroads and sewers and water mains and ramps andoverhead passageways, it was perfect. But indeliberately planned and sustained attention tpfiner things of the spirit, it ranked below everyother great exposition. For example, it did nothave even a department of music.No Government SubsidiesHeretofore every great American expositionhas been supported in considerable part by appropriations from government funds. For example, the Columbian Exposition, in 1893, re"ceived as subsidies nearly $2,500,000 from theFederal government and $5,000,000 from theCity of Chicago. The Louisiana Purchase Exposition, in 1904, was given $5,000,000 by theFederal government and $5,000,000 by the Cityof St. Louis. But A Century of Progress did notget a dollar as a subsidy from any governmentalagency. It received its initial working capital ofabout $250,000 from subscriptions of founder andsustaining members. A total of about $600,000more was obtained from $5.00 memberships, foreach of which ten admission tickets were givenupon the opening of the Fair. All of the remaining capital required before the opening date camefrom the sale of Gold Notes of A Century ofProgress, from pre-fair admissions to the exposition grounds, and from space sold to exhibitorsand concessionaires.When many millions of dollars were required5152 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEto transform a wilderness of recently made landinto an orderly, landscaped area covered withbuildings, the funds available for the use of themanagement of the Exposition were discourag-ingly limited. Under ordinary economic conditions a call to the pride of ambitious Chicagowould have brought generous support to suchan undertaking. But during the dark days of1931 to 1933 an appeal to the city for substantialfinancial aid would not have been successful.Consequently, it was necessary for PresidentRufus C. Dawes, experienced and wise, and General Manager Lenox R. Lohr, dynamic and versatile, to make every dollar do the work of five.This they did magnificently to their lasting credit.A single illustration, by no means the most outstanding, of the kind of means that had to be usedto achieve the desired results will have to suffice.Until about nine months before the opening ofthe Exposition, twenty-five feet of water rolledover all the area south of the present location ofthe children's "Enchanted Island." As soon asthis southern area had been filled with sand, planswent forward to develop on it the Horticultural Gardens and other concessions. It was obviousthat a bridge connecting the southern end of theisland with the mainland was essential, but nofunds were available for its construction. Consequently the Concessions Department preparedsketches for a curved bridge containing enoughconcession space on its surface to pay for its entireconstruction. During the winter and springmonths of 1933, when banks were failing on allsides and panic reigned, all the concessions spaceon the bridge was sold. A Century of Progressreceived from these sales $94,000, which was justenough to pay for the construction.Concessions at the FairReference has just been made to concessionsas though the term were much more precise inmeaning and better understood than it is. According to the terminology established by A Century of Progress, any enterprise within the exposition grounds receiving pay for goods or serviceswas a concession. All the transportation systems—motor buses, wheel chairs, lagoon boats, lakeboats, airplanes, and dirigibles— were concessions. So, too, were the restaurants and the severalhundred sales stands and the stores, as well as allthe amusement enterprises.The total investment in concessions was morethan $6,000,000; the gross receipts of concessionswere about $26,200,000, exceeding by nearly$10,000,000 the maximum reached in the Columbian Exposition in 1893. The average expenditure per visitor, including children, upon theexposition grounds was about $1.12, or two andone-half times the amount paid in admissions.Thedirect net profit from concessions to A Century ofProgress was approximately $4,200,000, whichwas more than enough to pay the entire operating expenses of the exposition from its openingto its closing day.Many extravagant stories have been circulatedrespecting the fabulous profits that were beingmade from certain concessions, particularly thosethat were somewhat risque. As a matter of fact,the Crown Food Company, which operated theCentury Grills restaurants and forty-seven hamburger and frankfurter sandwich stands, had thelargest gross sales (about $1,730,000) and probably the largest profits. The next largest businessand the one that gave the greatest monetary returns to A Century of Progress was that of theGreyhound buses, with a gross of about $1,615,-000. Thus the two prosaic businesses of feedingand transporting the public surpassed all the 885THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEothers that were in operation on the expositiongrounds. On the whole, but not without a few exceptions, concessions providing essential, or atleast useful, services were most successful.To one who has spent most of his life in the enchanting and relatively exact fields of science, theproblem of providing amusements for the generalpublic on holiday bent is one involved in moreperplexities than the fourth dimension or thetheory of relativity. A few years ago I thought thatuniversity professors, outside their narrow fields,were exceptionally simple-niinded. I was mistaken; the characteristic of simple-mindedness isalmost universal. No finesse in exposition amusements is necessary or even useful. The only difficulty is to make them sufficiently simple, and nodifficulty is greater.Let me illustrate my general statements by anexample. The most successful concession relativeto its cost and the risks involved was the Guess-Your- Weight scales. The concessionaire operatedin six locations, each a few feet square and involving no construction or equipment except scalescovered by a canopy and a rack for holding canes.These six locations did a gross business of $170,-000 with a profit to the Exposition of $42,500 andprobably twice as much to the concessionaire.What made more than 1,100,000 visitors pay fifteen cents each to be weighed when they alreadyknew their weight with sufficient accuracy orcould determine it nearly anywhere for one cent?What made five times as many visitors turn fromone of the greatest collections of free exhibits everassembled to watch an undistinguished individual attempt to guess the weight of obese citizens?It is an interesting fact thatthe amusementtastes of thegeneral publichave not greatlychanged sinceBarnum exhibited his "Liv-i n g Wonders"sixty years ago.In comprehending and takingadvantage ofthese peculiartastes Barnumhas as yet had norival except C.C. Pyle, who produced and ope rated the Odditorium (Ripley's "Believe it orNot") in the amusement zone. Visitors to the Exposition paid more than $550,000 to increasetheir information, expand their intellectual horizons, and improve their reasoning powers bylooking at the mule-faced belle from Iowa, theEthiopian who popped his eye out, the exquisitecreature with the pendulous integument, theossified man, and many other rare specimenswhom but to see was an education. The University has spent large sums of money in collectingmummies which are hopelessly dead and incapable of suffering and which, consequently,attract very little attention. But Pyle, with a better understanding of the psychology of the masses,spent a moderate sum in bringing togetherbeautiful attractions which were alive and suffering, and he rode on flood-tide to fortune.Many stories appeared in the daily press aboutthe so-called peep shows and nude women, particularly in the "Streets of Paris." Although thesestories often were gross exaggerations for publicity purposes, they unfortunately had too muchof a basis in fact. All indecencies and excessivedrinking could easily have been suppressed if themanagement in this matter had not been irresolute and timid. Possibly there was a blindness onthe part of the management to the opprobriumattached to permitting these improprieties. Atleast it gave approval to a so-called "PersonalResponsibility Day" on which beer was free toall, a day on which the grounds of a fine international exposition, portraying a century ofprogress, were given over to an orgy in celebrationof a partizan triumph in a controversial subject.Transporting the Public — The Second Largest Business on the Grounds54 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEThere may have been conduct and shows thatwere questionable, but this was the supreme offense against good taste.I fear that my remarks, as well as the stories inthe daily papers, will give the reader who did notthoroughly explore the Exposition a quite distorted view of what it had to offer and what attracted the public. It is a fact that no previousexposition had so many fine entertainments, andall the finest were excellently patronized. For example, the refined and wholly delightful horticultural exhibit had nearly 1,500,000 paid admissions. More than 2,500,000 persons paid toenter the Belgian Village. It was not quitefinished when the Exposition opened, but after itbegan to admit visitors, its authenticity speedily*won hearty approval, and for the last threemonths it drew a much larger attendance thanParis. Although the Adler Planetarium is apermanent institution, it was operated to capacityduring the entire summer. Often by ten o'clockin the morning long lines of persons seeking admission would extend out from its doors for hundreds of feet. The Infant Incubator exhibit wasoperated on the highest professional plane andmade a world's record in preserving flickeringinfant life. It was deservingly very popular andtook in a gross of about $190,000, a percentage ofwhich went to the Chicago Lying-in Hospital andfor the support of the corresponding work inMichael Reese Hospital. The Wings of a Century was a pageant of transportation on a heroicscale which deserved and drew a steadily increasing attendance. Such merited successes as thesefurnish material for reflections in a hopeful vein.No previous American exposition had so largea percentage of successful amusements and entertainments as those of A Century of Progress. Yeta number of concessions were failures, which,on the basis of previous experience, appearedmost promising. For example, Zack Miller'sWild West show did not take in enough moneyto buy oats for its horses. In 1893, Buffalo Billwith a similar show made a tremendous success.In earlier expositions the panorama Battle ofGettysburg drew enormous attendance. In thisexposition neither the Battle of Gettysburg northe Pantheon de la Guerre came near paying construction costs and operating expenses. Thepublic was cold to the magic in the Temple ofMystery of "Carter the Great." In spite ofmasses of troops and music and noise and artilleryand fireworks, the War Show fell flat. TexasGuinan and her "gang" did not win a secondglance. A number of shows and amusements reducedtheir admission charges with resulting increasedreceipts in every case. The limit was reached bythe log rollers who reduced their gate fromtwenty-five cents to nothing and increased theirgross fivefold from voluntary contributions alone.Possibly there is a lesson in this for the "BrainTrust" which is busily engaged in trying to raiseprices.All concessions, whether they provided suchnecessaries as food and transportation or furnished amusement and entertainment, were primarily-business undertakings. Consequently thestaff of the concessions department had to be notso much showmen as business men, venturing innew and uncertain fields with the necessity ofbeing ready on a fixed day and having heavy responsibilities hanging over them. The morethan $5,000,000 gross receipts per month of theconcessions was nearly three times the gate admissions of A Century of Progress.Backbone of the FairAs important as concessions are for an exposition, they are only a part of things required tomake one successful, for, after all, the backbone ofa fair is its exhibits. The scientific and industrialexhibits of A Century of Progress were superb.Some one went over the blue prints of thebuildings and found out that if the exhibits wereplaced end to end they would extend a distanceof seventy-four miles. The man who sauntereddown from Alaska behind his dog team walkedthrough these exhibits and declared that theblue prints were in error and that over half hisjourney was on the exposition grounds.Of all the exposition buildings, the Hall ofScience easily took first place. It would be difficult to conceive of a structure better adapted toits purpose. In it were the greatest attractions onthe exposition grounds, some of which were commercial applications of science and others ofwhich were pure science. In developing thescientific exhibits the scientists achieved distinguished results. These men were not givenfunds and told to go out and duplicate what hadbeen done before; they had to conceive of entirelynew exhibits and then to persuade related industries to produce them, or at least to assist in producing them. Dr. Henry Crew, of Northwestern University, was the head of this work andtwo of the ablest and most successful membersof his staff, both from tha standpoint of scienceand also from that of business promotion, wereTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 55Drs. Croneis and Muskat, of the University ofChicago. In fact, university and college men fromProfessor Cole to the boys who pushed wheelchairs played very creditable roles in the Exposition.More visitors passed through the Hall ofScience than through any other building on theexposition grounds. Next in popularity was theFederal and States group, followed closely by theTravel and Transport building and the GeneralMotors Company exhibits. Although the exactnumbers of persons visiting these magnificentfree exhibits is not known, they are estimated tohave been from 12,000,000 to 18,000,000. Theobjects of greatest interest to visitors were verydiverse. They included the "Transparent Man"in the Hall of Science, the "House of Magic" inthe Electrical building, foreign trains in theTravel and Transport building, and the assemblyof motor cars in the General Motors Companybuilding. These all were exceptional things thatmost persons could see but once in a lifetime.But there were other very popular exhibits, exhibits pertaining to society and religion and thehomely things of life. Among them were the social science exhibits, the Hall of Religion, and themodel houses. It was an encouraging sight to see all these exhibits, without barkers and appealingonly to what is best in men, thronged from theiropening to their closing hours.An Anti-ClimaxThe Exposition was scheduled to close its gatesat midnight on October 3 1 , but it kept them opentill November 12. During this added intervalthe weather on the whole was unfavorable, andthe attendance so seriously declined that few concessionaires received more than enough to paytheir operating expenses, and the Exposition didnot greatly improve its financial position. Possibly a reduction of the admission charge totwenty-five cents for the added twelve days wouldhave been advantageous. As it was, the Exposition probably made a mistake in postponing itsclosing date to November 12, for this extensionresulted in an anti-climax. Instead of a splendidprogram and an enthusiastic final day, the Exposition revived feebly in fire works and expiredlike a burned-out candle. Is this prophetic ofwhat will happen next year? It is to be sincerelyhoped that an attempt of the Exposition to comeback will not result in failure and the eclipsingof a glorious achievement.The Most Popular Building — The Hall of ScienceAMONG THE DEPARTMENTSPhysics• By HENRY GORDON GALE, Dean of the Division of the Physical SciencesPHYSICS, with the otherscience departments, waslocated in an apartmentbuilding at the southwest cornerof Fifty-fifth Street and University Avenue, back in 1892, whenthe University first opened.Even at the beginning of itsexistence, however, in spite of inadequate laboratory facilities, theDepartment immediately established a certain prestige throughProfessor Michelson's appointment as head, and it has continued to be prominent in research and graduate work eversince. It was, perhaps, natural, that the laboratory should be distinguished primarily for workin the field of optics, since this was the subjectthat most interested Professor Michelson. But itis not alone in this field that distinction has beenwon in our Department. Work in electronics,molecular spectra, positive rays, and crystal structure has won world-wide recognition, and in nolaboratory has more important and fundamentalwork been done than that accomplished here inthe study of X-rays.Work in ProgressProfessor Michelson's work in interferometryand his determinations of the velocity of light,and Professor Millikan's work in determiningthe charge of the electron, which brought international distinction to these men and to the University, are well-known to all readers of this Magazine. It may be of interest to recount briefly thepresent activities of other members of the staff.During the past year we have found it possibleto make satisfactory speculum metal, the making of which was beginning to be regarded as alost art, and have perfected the machines forruling diffraction gratings to a point where it waspossible to make about a dozen satisfactory six-inch gratings on speculum metal, with 15,000lines per inch, in addition to a number of smallergratings, all satisfactory in quality. The work willbe continued. The primary object is to furnishDean Gale still more effective gratings forthe use of our department. Thework with speculum metal andthe production of diffraction gratings has had the particular interest of the writer.Mr. Compton has been busywith work in the field of cosmicrays. He has made observations atthirty-nine stations from NewZealand to the northern limits ofHudson Bay, and from sea levelto an altitude of 19,000 feet. Hehas succeeded in proving whatwas before unknown : that cosmicrays, as they reach us, consist ofhigh-speed electric particles, rather than shortwave-lengths, as had been previously supposed.Nine other expeditions in various parts of theworld were organized by him. Most of them havealready reported the results of their observations.Mr. Compton is planning to make further observations, systematically distributed over a widerange of altitude and latitude.Mr. Dempster has demonstrated the wave character of protons by experiments in which theywere diffracted from crystal surfaces. Other interesting results have also been obtained underhis direction in the detection and measurementof Doppler effects and light excitation in rare gasions with definite velocity. He has developed amethod for producing high-speed protons by repeated accelerations.Mr. Lemon has assumed the chief burden oforganizing for the department the work in thegeneral courses under the new reorganizationplan. The department is indebted to him for theplanning of the physics museum, which has attracted much favorable comment, and for thepreparation of educational sound pictures withwhich to illustrate the more important featuresof physics in the general lecture course.Mr. Mulliken has been productive in the fieldof molecular spectra. He has during the past yearmade many contributions, both theoretical andexperimental, to our knowledge in this field. Mr.Hoyt and Mr. Eckhart, who are chiefly responseTHE UNIVERSIiTYOF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 57sible for the work in theoretical physics in thedepartment, have kept in touch with this rapidlydeveloping field and have made contributions oftheir own. Mr. Allison has published severalpapers on the relative intensity of X-ray lines.This comparatively new field in X-ray studieshas been greatly advanced by Mr. Allison's work.He also succeeded in proving that perfect crystalsof calcite may be obtained, i. e., crystals whichcontain no "mosaic" or coarser structure superimposed on the ordinary structure.Mr. Monk has had charge of most of the experimental work in spectroscopy, and has been ofgreat assistance in organizing some new featuresin our courses involved in the new plan, including the preparation of the comprehensive examinations.Mr. Zachariasen is in charge of the work incrystal structure; it has proceeded very satisfactorily, and many new analyses of crystalline substances have been made. Mr. Zachariasen has apparently found the inner mechanism of molecules which explains the difference between crystalline and igneous substances.Mr. Hoag has had charge of the work in radioand allied subjects. The majority of the masters'theses in the department have been written under his direction. Mr. Dershem has been investigating the reflecting power ofdifferent substances for X-raysof different wave-length. Thiswork requires exceptional skill,and Mr. Dershem's results havebeen of great interest. The instructors and assistants of thedepartment have all been active in research also. Theirwork covers a wide range ofsubjects.Research FellowsWe have been especially fortunate in the number and quality of National Researchfellows and Rockefeller Foundation who have been associated with the department. During the past years we have beenfortunate enough to have sevenof these men working in thelaboratory, all of whom have You tell the age of a tree by its rings; the ageof a horse by its teeth. But to pry the secret froma meteorite you must bombard it with electrons.Professor Lemon is doing the bombarding in theabove illustration. made discoveries of considerable interest, whichhave led to important publications.The Department of Physics probably has lessapparatus on the shelves of the storeroom thanhas any large department of physics in thecountry. It has been the policy of the departmentto use its funds in making new forms of apparatus in the shop instead of buying commercial apparatus and storing it away for future needs. Thedepartment, of course, buys standard apparatuswhen it can be secured, if it meets the purposeand is less expensive to buy than to make. Themain energies of the shop have been devoted tomaking apparatus that cannot be bought. Theforce employed in the shop is probably two orthree times as large as that of most physics departments in the country. It is at times awkwardnot to have standard commercial apparatus onhand, but, since funds are not available for stocking storerooms in this way, and also for employinga large number of instrument makers, the department does not hesitate to choose the latter alternative; and the reputation it has earned throughout the years seems to justify the procedure.The generosity of Mr. Ryerson and Mr. Rosenwald has enabled the department in the past topurchase considerable amounts of apparatus, butii would require a large sum to purchase all theapparatus which is now actually needed by the department,and most of which would beput to use immediately uponits purchase. Heretofore theUniversity has been fairly generous to the department in thematter of assignments, but atpresent and probably for theimmediate future the department will be handicapped by alack of research and teachingassistants. The practice of assigning a minimum teachingload to men of research abilityand of giving them assistants,has been amply repaid. It isgreatly to be hoped that thefinancial curtailments whichare necessary at the presenttime will not interfere seriously with the research productivity of the department.THREE SCORE YEARS AND TENAn Autobiographical BiographyAMONG the flood of books which comes from/\ the publishers each week, there seems toX^X. be an ever increasing number of biographies and autobiographies. These personal histories cover a wide range,— from royalty to showgirl.In view of the impossibility of reading anythinglike all of them, it seems only fair to place at thebeginning of my own story a warning as to whata prospective reader may or may not expect tofind* Having read this introduction, if he thencares to go on, I feel that at least I have done myduty.This sounds egotistical, perhaps, but I startedout to write this biography against my own judgment. I was urged to it by others who thoughtthat the mere fact that I was, and, up to date am,the only woman to serve as member of the cabinet of the Mayor of New York City, makes itworthwhile, especially in the interests of thegrowing recognition of women as candidates forequal opportunities with men in all fields.*Finally I decided that we would try somethingdivided into two parts. I myself would deal withthat portion of my life about which there is andcould be no documentary evidence, my childhood, girlhood, and the portion of my womanhood up to the time I accepted the superintend-ency of the State Reformatory for Women atBedford Hills. In any case, this part of the storywould have to be told to anyone else who mightattempt to write it. So this I have undertakenpersonally.In the first place, my family: My father wasnot well off, but was always able to provide generously for his five children, of whom I was theeldest. Lessons in music, dancing and ''art" wereadded to our routine studies, and our childhoodhome was always a center for neighborhood goodtimes. So I cannot tell the story of how I draggedmyself up from the depths of poverty. On theother hand I cannot point out how, although myfather was a millionaire, I was able to protect myself from the dangers that come from having asuper-abundance of money. So far as I have been*This story was begun before Frances Perkins was appointedSecretary of Labor and Ruth Bryan Owens sent to Copenhagen. e By KATHARINE BEMENT DAVIS, PtiB*0©With the collaboration of Jean Henry Largeable to discover in my rather thorough study ofour direct ancestry and relations in this countryfor the past three hundred years, there is neitherpoverty nor affluence among them. Nor have 1found any great statesmen, artists, writers, orother famous men close by.In the early days, as I shall point out in a laterchapter, we had a good many fighters in thefamily. Probably this has something to do withcertain characteristics that my story will show meto possess, though not strong enough in me to develop as they have in some of my distant cousins,seventh to twenty-seventh! . . .In the second place I should judge that "glamorous stories of love" to quote from the advertisement of a recent autobiography, are verypopular. My readers must not look for "glamorous" affairs here. I never had any. I have alwaysbeen friendly with boys and men, I like them, wehave been good chums,— in spite of my ardentbelief in the rights of women I have never advocated more rights for them than for men. But 1was never the sort with whom men are alwaysfalling in love. True, I have had a few proposalsof marriage, most women have, I fancy. One,when I was a girl, was from a young farmer; if Ihad accepted him I might have spent my days inmanaging a dairy farm and running a milk routein one of our large cities. Grandma Davis lived ona farm until she was eighty-two years old and always seemed happy. But, somehow, it did notappeal to me. No man ever loved me enough toblow out his brains for me, and I never ran offwith any other woman's husband. So you will findno love stories at all in this tale of my life. It is toobad! I will confess now that I would have likedchildren and grandchildren. I miss them. Morethan I do a husband. But when I think about itI console myself with the reflection that at leastI have been spared any desire to go to Reno.Some autobiographies give fascinating storiesof travel in jungles or other out-of-the-way placeswhere the writers meet and hunt lions and tigers.I have done the travelling that is possible for abusy woman who is earning her own living. ButI have not been East of Suez nor west of the58THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 59Pacific Coast. Amusing things happened, but thatwas all. Once I went, with a party, a little wayinto the desert in North Africa. I rode a talldonkey and I remember that part of the way wewent on a road bounded by a high hedge ofprickly pears. The under side had been eaten offby the animals who wanted protection againstthe sun, but the donkeys had forgotten to makeany allowance for riders who might be on theirbacks, and we were in grave danger of havingour heads scraped off. My donkey paid not theslightest attention to the bridle, his head couldhe pulled around till his nose touched his neck.all to no purpose; it was only when the donkey-boy twisted his tail that he would deign to moveout.In Egypt, at Cairo, I went out to the greatPyramids before daylight to see the Sphinx lookthe sun directly in the face at sunrise, it so happening that I was there on the day of the spring-equinox. Sitting in the sand at the upper edge ofthe cup in which the Sphinx sits, I heard a slightnoise and, glancing up, saw a camel with a Bedouin in full regalia who was looking over myshoulder. He spoke to me in French, asking if Iwould not like to buy a rug which was underneath his saddle. On receiving an emphatic "no"he went peacefully away. To make a good storyhe should at least have tried to rob me.In my travels I never had any great adventureexcept the time I was caught in the Messina earthquake. When I think that over it seems to meit was enough to balance lack of adventure inother places.It is impossible to compete with such a storyas "Music at Midnight," where the writer gives awonderful picture of great musicians and thebeautiful music they made for her late at night.No stories of such midnight experiences willbe found here, but some can be told of an entirelydifferent order. Not beautiful, but perhaps interesting and certainly exciting. Such as, for instance, a trip across the East River in a storm ona winter night in a small motor boat to RikersIsland, which is a branch of the New York CityWorkhouse. The prisoners in this institutionslept in a large dormitory; this night, because ofa real or fancied grievance they refused to go tobed. At midnight, instead of listening to beautiful music, my Deputy and I went to the help ofthe Warden who seemed unable to persuade themen to go to bed like good children. While myDeputy held my heavy coat, I stood on a chair andtalked to them like a Dutch aunt, telling themthat that was no way to settle a grievance, that Commissioner Davisnight was the time for sleep and that I wouldcome over the next day and hear what both theyand the Warden had to say; we would settle thematter then, as great nations are trying to dotoday,— by joint conference. I went home, theywent to bed, and next day we did.And certainly I cannot tell a story of intimateassociation with the great or the near great. Iwas once introduced to a real live king in the parlor of a friend and shook hands and visited withhim as you would with any gentleman. I met aqueen, twice, but both times on business, onceto see if she would receive an international groupof women physicians, and, again, when she graciously did so. I attended a private reception andball given in New York for the Prince of Wales,but I was not chosen to dance with him. I feltthat I knew Emperor William very well, forwhen I was a student in Berlin, a four o'clockseminar took me to the University several timesa week, and always it seemed I reached Unterder Linden just as the Emperor returned from hisafternoon horseback ride in the Thiergarten. Hewent accompanied by only two or three of hisgentlemen-in-waiting. I stood on the edge of thesidewalk and waved at him anything I happenedto have in my hand. He always saluted very politely and I daresay said to himself, "Anothercrazy American." I saw the Emperor Franz Josephreview the Austrian Army in the Prater. InCopenhagen, once, I passed King Christian with60 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEa gentleman friend walking along the sidewalk,and they turned out for me just as any gentlemenwould turn out for a lady (the sidewalk was anarrow one) . But this is my sole experience withroyalty. No one has ever presented me at Court.Neither will you find any attempt at characteranalysis either of myself or of any other person;I have no trap-door in my brain through which Ican look to see the wheels go round. I am not inthe least an introvert, but a* rather extreme extrovert who likes to experiment, to do things, toimprove things where I can. I suppose I musthave some philosophic basis as a foundation foraction, but it is not easy to put it into words.Lastly, you will find no scandals here. Whatever informalities, shall we say, I personally* knewof my own knowledge when I was in public lifewere so mild as compared with what is happeningnowadays that they probably would arouse no interest whatever. In any case, I never saw nor heardof anything that smacked of a scandal whichtouched Mayor Mitchell or any of his Cabinet.School teacher, settlement worker, institutionsuperintendent, prison official, general secretaryto one of the Rockefeller organizations— this hasbeen my life. If I had great gifts as a writer, perhaps I could make as interesting an autobiography as are some others that are published. As itis, I have done the best I could with the early yearsof my life, and my friend, Jean Henry Large,is responsible for that part which is fairly welldocumented. . . .Now, knowing what you will find, anyone whohas read thus far goes on at his own risk. It isjust the plain, unadorned story of the life of abusy woman, told in words of one syllable.Three Years of StudyThe Fall of 1897 found me at the Universityof Chicago. I engaged a room on the campus atFoster Hall. Myra Reynolds, who had been inthe English Department at Vassar when I wasa student there, was head of the hall. Foster wasinhabited by women of all ages and in all stagesof their academic careers, from freshmen to students about to take the doctor's degree. This mixture made it very jolly, and kept us all young.Among these associates, a number of whom remain among my best friends to this day, wereMary B. Harris, who, after taking her PhD inSanskrit later distinguished herself as a penologist; Eleanor Hammond, research worker andwriter on Chaucerian English; Hester D. Jenkins,who after finishing her undergraduate work atChicago, went to Constantinople as head of the Department of History in the American Collegefor Women, and later took her PhD at Columbiaon the History of the Near East; Frances Willis-ton, now Mrs. Jesse Burks of Palo Alto, and GretaBlanchard, now wife of Dr. Robert A. Millikan,the famous physicist of Los Angeles.My first interview at the University was withJ. Lawrence Laughlin, head of the Departmentof Political Economy. I talked with him veryfrankly about my reasons for giving up my workand coming to the University, and he was suspicious of me ever afterward! He was a fundamentalist, a conservative in his views of politicaleconomy. He always suspected that I had leanings toward something too liberal. Not that hebelieved I went so far as to be an Anarchist,perhaps not a Communist, but certainly he suspected me of some sort of socialism. Always, thereafter in class, in discussions or in papers which Iprepared, he would point out something andsay, "There it sticks up its head!" I did not mindthis in the least; on the whole I thought it ratherfunny. I did not get one single thing out of hiscourses that I could not have learned equallywell out of books. Of course, this is true of muchacademic work except insofar as the influence ofthe instructor stimulates to deeper thought andfurther study, and as the class discussions lead tocomparison of various views. Finance I had under Adolph Miller, who has now been formany years on the Federal Reserve Board. Onthe whole, he was stimulating, and althoughfinance was not especially in my line, I was thankful later on for what I learned. The man fromwhom I got the most in the Department of Economics was Thorstein Veblen. He was sympathetic and made one think. I was the only womanin the department, but I believe the men regarded him as I did. We became great friends andbecause I understood he was rather shy of womenI felt flattered. I even persuaded him to come toFoster Hall occasionally to meals or to the varioussimpler functions. It was said in the Departmentthat he was the only man in the world that thetrustees and the faculty would dare permit to lecture on socialism, because no one knew when hegot through which side he was on, and youcouldn't possibly get it out of him by questioning!We used to have great arguments about the useof words. I thought he used too many long wordsof Latin derivation. He used to say, "If a longword expresses my thought, what is there againstit?" But I was always in favor of words of onesyllable, which was fortunate when at timesin my later career it was often necessary thatTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 61I be able to make myself easily understood.For my minor subject, and rather against Prof.Laughlin's advice, I went into the Department ofSociology. The choice lay between that and political science; my training drew me to sociology.Prof. Albion Small was the head of the department, and during the two years I attended theUniversity I had courses with him, with Prof.Thomas and with Dr. George Vincent, later headof the Rockefeller Foundation. There were anumber of women students in this department,but I was alone in my glory in political economy.The men Fellows used for working purposes aseminar room opening off the small library ofthe department. I had rather understood thatthey had not favored the innovation of a womanin the department, so I naturally hesitated aboutjoining them there. But one day one of the youngmen, I think it was Herbert Davenport, now professor of economics at Cornell University, cameout to me and suggested that I bring my workin and join the other Fellows. I did. And fromthen on I had a beautiful time. There were someawfully nice boys there then, and there wereseveral who had taken their degrees in the yearor two previous who dropped in on occasion forfriendly visits, among them Parker Willis andWesley Mitchell, both now known to fame intheir respective fields.It is difficult to realize now that I was so nearthe beginning of things at Chicago. It was onlyfour years after the opening of the University!My second year at the University was muchlike the first so far as my work was concerned.When I went into the seminar room the first timeafter the University opened upon my return froma year in Germany I was greeted with a shoutof laughter by my fellow Fellows: "It is plain tobe seen," said they, "where you have been thispast year!" In spite of hard work I had gainedtwenty pounds.When the time came for my examination I feltrather shaky. At that time at Chicago— it may beso now— the first step for the candidate was tobe conducted into the library to translate at sightin both German and French anything from anybook bearing on your major subject which theinquisitor saw fit to give you. I passed this firsttest. My thesis, though not entirely finished, hadbeen accepted. Then upon a day appointed, youenter a seminar room, where around a long tableare seated all the professors of your major department and those from the minor under whomyou have taken courses. They question you onthe entire scope of your major subject; merci fully, in your minor, only those subjects you haveactually taken at the University are to be feared.Then there is an "umpire," appointed from someother department— I never heard of the umpiredoing anything. At the time I am speaking ofthere was more or less feeling between the Departments of Political Science and Sociology. Itdid not come out in the open, but seemed to beunderneath; and some of the students,— whetherto frighten me or not I do not know— had predicted that I would be held up between the twodepartments. However, after a long afternoon,the ordeal was over. One kind gentleman told methat if I would withdraw while the faculty discussed the situation, they would call me backand let me know my fate. It is not a pleasantsensation to sit in the next room and wait; butfinally a gentleman came in smiling, and I knewI had passed,— he would not have been so cruelas to smile if I had failed. I was told I had passed"cum laude." This was better than I had hoped.At Foster Hall they had prepared a specialfeast to celebrate the occasion. I was very late, andthe girls had begun to be afraid that somethinghad happened. They had sent scouts out severaltimes to see if they could hear anything. I musthave been a sight as I approached! It was in theday of shirt-waists, stiff collars and neckties— andit was a hot day. I have somewhere a snapshotthat was taken of me as I stood on the steps, surrounded by Fosterites. My cap was over one ear,my necktie under the other, creeping up over thetop of my collar; I had a generally bedraggled appearance. But I had passed.To crown the feast which had been preparedwas an enormous cake like a birthday cake, andin colored lettering on top was "K.B.D.— PhD."I asked the girls what they had proposed to doin case I had flunked. They said they intendedto take off the "PhD" and present me with thecake as a consolation prize.I took my degree at the June Convocation andwas then a full-fledged PhD. The summer I spentat the University, taking the place of Myra Reynolds, who had a three months' leave-of -absence.I enjoyed very much being head of Foster Hall.I spent my time listening to the sorrows of the inmates and working on my thesis.Then came my appointment as superintendentof the State Reformatory for Women at BedfordHills, the job which gave me the sort of trainingand experience that later led to my appointmentas Commissioner of Correction for New YorkCity. My adventures in that capacity will be described in an early issue of this Magazine.PLACEMENT SERVICEThe Law School Backs Its Men• By ARTHUR H. KENT, Professor of LawTHE past few years have witnessed an increasing consciousness of the need andvalue of a closer working relationshipand cooperation between the Law School andits graduates in Chicago and throughout thecountry. Out of this perception have emergedseveral experiments in concrete cooperationwhich promise much for the future in the wayof reciprocal benefits. Among these may be mentioned the establishment two years ago of aprogram of evening conference courses at theUniversity College in the Loop which providean opportunity for graduates of the Law Schoolto meet with members of the faculty for the purpose of analysis and discussion of varied typesof current legal problems. Equally importantand significant is the organization during thepast year of the placement service for the benefitof graduates which is hereinafter described.It is not the policy of the Law School to guarantee positions to its graduates upon the completion of their work. For reasons that are fairlyobvious such an obligation, if undertaken, wouldbe impossible of fulfillment. On the other handthe School has always been interested in theplacement of its men. Much has been done inthe past to assist individual graduates in securingpositions in private law offices or with public orcorporate legal staffs by means of letters of recommendation written by the dean and membersof the faculty. Such letters have been sent bothat the request of the graduates themselves and—more commonly— in response to inquiries received from prospective employers. Not a fewlawyers have manifested their confidence in thestandards of the School and their respect for theprofessional competence of its graduates by calling the dean's office of their own volition whenthey have vacancies in their offices to fill. Moreover, officers and members of the Law SchoolAssociation of Chicago, particularly those whoserved upon its Committee on Employmentunder the chairmanship of Mr. Arnold Baar,rendered valuable assistance in past years bygiving generously of their time in interviewinggraduates and advising them as to possible vacancies and ways and means of locating openings. Under former conditions these loosely organized methods of assistance, supplementingindividual effort, proved quite adequate andalumni of the Law School with creditable recordshad little difficulty in finding connections. Butthe problem of placement has been complicatedenormously by the onset and continuance of theeconomic depression. Graduates of the LawSchool, in common with those of other departments of the University of Chicago and otherinstitutions, have found increasing difficulty inlocating positions by their own efforts. Lawoffices which formerly employed several new menevery year have been compelled by shrinkage ofincome due to slowness of collections or slumpin volume of business to cut down overhead byreduction of their staffs. This factor has contributed largely to producing the scarcity of positions which has become so noticeable in the pastyear. The problem became sufficiently acute inthe winter of 1932 to demand some concertedaction. Mr. Dwight P. Green, then President ofthe Law School Association of Chicago, who hadbecome actively interested in the problem, arranged a meeting which was attended by a representative group of alumni, the Dean and theSecretary of the Law School, and Mr. Robert C.Woellner, Executive Secretary of the Board ofVocational Guidance and Placement of the University. At this meeting all aspects of the problem were carefully canvassed and analyzed anda program and procedure agreed upon.It was decided that the fullest possible useshould be made of the facilities of the Bureauof Vocational Guidance and Placement, whichhas for some years been active in the work ofplacing graduates of the University from alldepartments save law and medicine. The operations of this Bureau, which has established anational reputation for its efficiency, are underthe direction of Mr. Woellner. It was the consensus of opinion, because of certain conditionsmore or less peculiar to the legal field, that thefunction of actual recommendation of men toprospective employers should be retained in theoffice of the Dean of the Law School, but thatMr. Woellner's office should assume the respon-62THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 63sibility of organizing and maintaining a filingsystem which should contain the fullest possiblerelevant information regarding graduates of theLaw School who might invoke the assistance ofthe School in securing employment. A specialform was developed for the purpose of obtaining this information. The file includes data regarding the registrant's academic record and,where obtainable, a photograph. It also containscommunications from those members of thefaculty best acquainted with the registrant, giving their judgment as to his qualities and possibilities, while their memory of him is stillfresh. The information in this file can be veryquickly mobilized at any time for the benefitof registrants and of potential employers.Henceforth, every law student prior to hisgraduation will be afforded an opportunity toregister with the Bureau and to complete oneof these files. The Dean's Office has already takensteps to apprise potential employers of lawyersof the existence of this service. Invaluable support has been given these efforts by the workof Mr. Charles F. McElroy, for many years Secretary and now President of the Law SchoolAssociation, in making personal contacts withmembers and personnel officers of numerous lawfirms in the city and apprising them of and interesting them in this service. This work hasbeen instrumental in placing numerous recentgraduates, even during these difficult times.Members of the Association are also continuingto cooperate through interviewing and advisingseniors and graduates.This service as originally organized focusedupon the problem of placing recent graduates.While the major emphasis will continue to beupon that function, it has been found expedientin the light of experience to enlarge its activitiesso as to include alumni of some years' standing.This expansion in scope is induced by two chieffactors. In the first place, many law firms andcommercial houses with legal departments, aswell as government bureaus, federal and state,write to the Law School seeking through it tocontact not only recent graduates, but older menwith varying types of experience. Typical of theseare inquiries during the past few months suchas the following: for a man with five years' experience in trial work; for a man with ten years'experience to become a partner in a legal firmthen being formed; for a man with fifteen ortwenty years' experience in the field of federalpractice; for able young lawyers with three ormore years' experience in the field of corporate Moffat-RusseUCharles McElroy, President of the Law Alumnior municipal issues. In the second place it oftenhappens that a graduate of considerable experience finds it necessary or desirable to change hisposition. It may be that the organization withwhich he is connected is dissolving or disintegrating because of deaths or lack of harmony orother reasons, or that he believes he can betterhimself professionally or financially by making a shift. He writes to the Law Schoolrequesting such assistance as it may be able togive.In either situation the Law School will beable to serve more quickly and intelligently ifit has on file data not only as to the scholasticrecord of its graduates but also as to the typesof experience they have had and the lines ofprofessional activity in which they have beenmost interested and successful. To meet this needthe Law School and the Board of VocationalGuidance and Placement have worked out acarefully prepared registration sheet that provides a record of the specific legal activities andinterests of any graduate who chooses to availhimself of the service.It is indicative of the degree of cooperationexisting between the Law School and its alumnithat the new service has been fostered by and isreceiving the cordial support of the Law SchoolAssociation. It is to be particularly hoped thatalumni who may wish to enlarge their own staffswill realize the possible advantages of the serviceand avail themselves freely of it.WHAT MAKES CHICAGO GREATA LETTER reaching me but recently acquainted me among other things withthe fact that The University of Chicagonumbers among its alumni some seventy-five college or university presidents. I can think ofgreater achievements in life than being a collegeor university president, and I can think of a sumtotal of greatness in excess of that offered byseventy-five college or university presidents, evenen masse. And yet the fact was a startling one-startling in the significance of what it revealedand in the magnificent testimony it gave to thepower of a great university. It is not that theproduction alone of college or university presidents constitutes either a criterion or a proof ofthat power, but it is the implication of potentialgreatness contained in such a fact that is reallysignificant. For were it possible to set aside fromeach field of human endeavor here in Americathose who act as leaders, even in the van, as a college or university president presumably does, andenumerate those of them who have been graduated from The University of Chicago, the results, I think, would not be surprisingly different.My own experience has been that I can scarcelypick up a news publication today without findingthat some alumnus of Chicago has distinguishedhimself, either in arts, in science, in literature,in education, or in some professional field.To produce such leaders is, you will say, thebusiness of a university. Indeed it is almost itsprerogative, and one in which all great universities share. If then, I seem to find in the abovefacts an unusual significance, it is because I interpret them in the light of Chicago's extremeyouth. I, who am not yet old, can look on the onehand back to the time when Chicago was not, andon the other to the present when it is so gloriouslycrowned with achievement. The span of years,to one who has lived through them, is short, asthe life of a university goes; but in terms of accomplishment, it is prodigiously long— almostlong enough to impute to the University the ageof many of its sister institutions. I may be pardoned then, in my attempt to search the secretsof Chicago's tremendous influence and achievement, for becoming both personal and reminiscent. My own experiences both at Chicago as a • By SISTER ANTONIA McHUGH, '09, PhM'10student and through Chicago as an educatormust have been the experiences of many thousands of others who have come under its benigninfluence.My association with Chicago began in the ea^ly1960's. The University was not then a decaaeold, but it had already established a tradition ofintellectual fineness. Its life was seething withthe consciousness of a great educational destiny.It had drawn within its erudite circle men whowere in their own way veritable "giants in theearth," men who were to have a large part inpeopling the growing Middle West with a raceof scholars and cities of a new culture. Alreadyit had sent out and was sending out bearers ofAthenian thought to sections of the countrywhere, because the fervor of the pioneer spiritand the difficulties of pioneer enterprise werestill so recent, the ideal of a Spartan utility ineducation still prevailed.Much of this early achievement, as well as ofthe subsequent, was due to a unique combinationof circumstances. There were first of all the propitious time and the propitious conditions outof which the idea of the University grew; therewas the vision and the great executive genius ofits first president, William Rainey Harper, andthere was lastly the group of scholars, "men of renown," whom he had had the wisdom to gatheraround him. Opening its doors in an era when thevast areas of the Mid- West were just awakeningto the need of higher education and in a timewhen the attention of the country had just beencalled to the thriving city of the World's Fairof 1893, it was quick to draw its thousands fromall quarters of the land. Notwithstanding the allurements of the fine colleges of the East, withwhom the West then associated all it knew of thegraces of Hellenism, the opportunities for highereducation for the great majority of ambitiousMid- Western students were in the 1890's still inadequate. State universities were largely in theirinfancy, especially as far as graduate work wasconcerned. The need of an intellectual center ofuniversal character having the support of financial and intellectual powers and independent ofpolitical and local ties was obvious. Young students and young teachers who were ambitious64THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 65thought of the newly-founded University of Chicago as being not outside the range of theirpossibilities, and they flocked to it in rapidly increasing numbers. In my own day there were, Ithink, some four to five thousand students attending the University— a splendid proof of the''march of the mind" that was then characterizing the Mid- West.But the number of students attending the University was not its greatest boast. Neither was itthe number or size or splendor of its buildings.Equipment of all kinds was meager, as we thinkof it today. Our library facilities were limited toa few thousand books housed in the upper roomsof what is now the Press Building. But there weremore at least than any one of us could use. Andone could hot range the bare but academic hauntsof the Midway without feeling that certain inscrutable forces were at work to make for anenduring power in the life of the University.These forces were its great men, and chief amongthese, I should put the dominant personality ofPresident Harper.A Modern ProphetPerhaps it was the nature of my first meetingwith him that endeared him to me and establishedhim, in my mind, among the elect. I had gone tosee him bearing with me as my credentials a letter of introduction from Archbishop John Ireland of St. Paul. I recall being impressed with theformality of such an occasion, but I recall stillmore vividly how I was completely disarmed bythe kindly and affectionate smile with which hegreeted me after reading the letter. "And youcome from Archbishop Ireland?" he said. "Ah,I love him, I love him." For me this was thebreaking down of the barrier with which convention has hedged in the person high in authority, and I saw in him after that only a very humanbeing having affections and sympathies like myown. At the same time I knew that I was indeedfortunate in coming under the tutelage of twosuch great men. Although my subsequent associations with President Harper were more purelyof an academic character, they continued to impress me with the nobility of his character. I remember how, at my first convocation, the dignityof his bearing, the deep solemnity of his voice,and the almost prophetic vision that characterizedhis message reminded me of a Hebrew prophet.I recalled the tone of admiration' and affectionwith which Archbishop Ireland had spoken to me, of his friend, President Harper, and I thought,"Here indeed, in these two men, are both Patri arch and Prophet of a new law, whose particularmission it is to bring the old leavening of spiritualand intellectual enlightenment into a newworld."I have said that the University in those dayswas deeply conscious of its destiny. At this sameconvocation, the note of the trail-blazer was distinctly present. For in addition to the brief butchallenging message of President Harper, we hadas the theme of the convocation address Vanish-ing Trails, delivered by no less a person thanHamlin Garland. The disappearance of the oldroadways of the West with the disappearance ofthe pioneer and their replacement by better andmore permanent highways had its analogy in theeducational order. Each student would be expected to go out and open up more permanenthighways of the intellect. This was just the kindof a challenge that President Harper would like-he who owned that he had come to the Universityto do something new and different. I think thisand the subsequent convocations at which I wasprivileged to hear President Harper gave me myfirst burning desire to have some part, howeversmall, in the work of education in the Northwest.The real genius of President Harper, however,lay in the permanence of his influence. A greatpersonality, however powerful and inspiring, hasan influence largely ephemeral unless it has afoundation of high ideals, epoch-making ideas,and a genius for embodying these in a definiteform. President Harper had all of these. Envisaging a new Oxford, but an Oxford which shouldbe as eager for the best in the new as it wassteeped in the best of the old, he went about toestablish a center which should be, in the wordsof one of the greatest of Oxonians, "a place ofteaching universal knowledge"— a place for "thediffusion and extension of knowledge." And ifthe Gothic towers and the flowering quadranglesof Chicago's university are redolent of the atmosphere of Oxford, surely the "new college plan"—which is after all centuries old— is the very nucleus of the Oxford ideal— adapted if you will toa new world.Another evidence of President Harper's Oxford ideal was his recognition of the need of greatscholars. "An assemblage of learned men, zealous for their own sciences, and generous rivalsof each other are brought by familiar intercourseand for the sake of intellectual peace, to adjusttogether the claims and relations of their respective subjects of investigation. They learn torespect, to consult, to aid each other. Thus is ere-66 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEated a pure and clear atmosphere of thoughtwhich the student also breathes, though in hisown case he only pursues a few sciences out ofthe multitude." This was President Harper'sidea of a university.Of the great galaxy of scholars whom he haddrawn to Chicago, none made a more profoundimpression on me than Dean Salisbury, underwhom I was privileged to study. Dean Salisburywas then head of the Ogden School of Scienceand one of the greatest of living authorities ingeography and geology. But he was also morethan that; he was one of the greatest of teachers.I do not know how much Dean Salisbury knewabout modern methods and techniques, but I doknow that his technique seemed to me whollyfaultless. He had the gift of inspiring in his students first of all a wholesome fear, meeting theinane responses of the unprepared and the banalities of mediocrity with the most scorching criticism, and then revealing, by a chance look orword, the deepest human sympathy and a heartof gold. I think it was Dean Salisbury who firstput a stop to the science of bluffing, by his famousretort, "perfectly true, perfectly general, and perfectly meaningless." At least I know he used itvery witheringly and very effectively. We used togo away from his course feeling very much inawe of him, but perfectly certain that Dean Salisbury was personally interested in each one of us,and conscious of a great enrichment in our psychological make-up.In the same group of luminaries with President Harper and Dean Salisbury, I should putRichard Green Moulton, James Henry Breasted,Dr. Ferdinand Schevill, Dr. James Rowland Angell, Dr. George Edgar Vincent, David AllenRobertson, Dr. John Paul Goode, Dr. Harlan H.Barrows, and a host of others— each one as different in his sphere "as star differs from star inglory"— and yet each one rich in his contribution.The names of Dr. Barrows and Dr. Goode followquite naturally and not unworthily in the trainof Dean Salisbury. I knew them as untiring andenthusiastic workers, but I was not directly sofamiliar with their teaching as I was with DeanSalisbury's. It was a class of Dr. Schevill's whichgave me my first real sense of values in history,and in which I first learned the power of thescholarly mind to impress itself on the mind ofevery student, without seeming effort. Dr. Schevill was a great teacher because he was first ascholar of high quality, with a fine appreciationof the artistic and the keenest and most infectiousadmiration for finished work. He differed from other teachers chiefly in his power of seeming notto be giving, but of drawing out of his studentsthe finest sort of responses.Dr. Breasted was in those days just bringinghome his first trophies— I use the word deliberately—from Egypt. Notwithstanding the greatglory that Dr. Breasted has since brought on theUniversity, I do not think that students havesince attended his lectures with more eagernessthan did we, nor do they find in the splendidcollections of the Oriental Institute any more ofthe enchantments of the past than we found inthe- few rooms of the Haskell Museum. It hasever since given me the greatest personal pleasureto hear of Dr. Breasted's successful expeditionsto the Orient, for it has meant that the vast storehouses of eastern civilization were being pouredout freely in the cause of universal learning inthe West.Of Dr. Richard Green Moulton, I can only saythat no student went out of his classes untouchedby a great and enduring love of literature. Withsomething akin to genius, he brought before theminds of his students the literature and the wholemind of Greece, India, the Middle Ages, andModern Europe with a vividness that none couldforget. Dr. Moulton had the gift of presentingthe whole. He was not a dissector; he did notdeal in minutiae. The epic, the ballad, the lyricnotes of medieval song became to me living voices.Even yet I do not read poetry, classical drama, orthe ancient classics except through the eyes andtones of Dr. Richard Green Moulton.Dr. Angell was just at that time rising into theprominence that he has long since held in his ownfield of psychology and in the educational worldin general. But even then, his was a name to bereckoned with. He was one of the mighty.A Choice FewThere were women too among this race ofscholars— a choice few, to be sure, but womenwhose personal example and influence have beencarried outward into the women's colleges justthen springing up in all parts of the country. Iremember with pleasure the work of Myra Reynolds in English and of Dr. Ethel Terry, who wasthen just beginning her studies in chemistry, andof Elizabeth Wallace in French. Certainly myassociation with Miss Wallace, then Dean ofWomen at Chicago, has borne fruit in the pleasant contacts of later days. Even within the lae'few years I have had the joy of seeing the studentsin my own college respond to the charm of herpersonality with much the same animation that ITHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 67knew in Chicago days. Many of these scholarlywomen are known now chiefly by their fruits.Young women who have come under their direction and influence have become successful educators and women of splendid public service inall parts of the country. I recall at least oneclass, four of whose members have since becomedeans of women in excellent colleges and universities—and there were fifteen of us in the class!The others, I am sure, are doing a reputablework somewhere. The four I have had chance .meetings with at educational conventions.I might go on indefinitely, for a host of othernames comes to mind. But it would be impossible to pay adequate tribute— leastwise in sorandom a fashion— to all of these great men andwomen who have spent their lives in so noble aservice. Their lineage still carries on. Close uponthese early days came the dynamic figure of Dr.Judd who needs no encomium of mine to add tohis lustre; and William E. Dodd, internationalscholar and now Ambassador to Germany; andJohn Matthews Manly, devoted Chaucerian—and a score of others equally distinguished. Myown experience with their work, as with the workof the University during recent years, has beenlargely vicarious. Younger members of the facultywith whom I have been associated and whose education at Chicago I have watched with almost ajealous interest, have been permeated by theirideas and have been, I hope, successful in incorporating them into the work of our own college.There are other ways, too, in which a university spreads its beneficent influence outward.Its teachers disseminate knowledge and perpetuate the race of scholars. But there are sometimeseven more urgent and more tangible means of expending its power. Some of the good things thathave come to my own college have come throughjust such means and incidentally through Chicago. I refer especially to the material helps thatcan come to a new and struggling college onlythrough personal forces that are already experienced and established. My days at Chicago, forinstance, brought me the friendship of Dr. GeorgeEdgar Vincent. In 1911, Dr. Vincent came toMinneapolis as president of The University ofMinnesota. During his administration, from 1911to 1916, St. Catherine's was in the hazardous daysof its beginnings, and it was Dr. Vincent morethan anyone else who helped to make it secure.With his characteristic generosity and splendidspirit of service, he made clear to me what to do, how to organize, and how to bring about the improvements that made the accrediting of thecollege possible. After his resignation from Minnesota, Dr. Vincent continued to show his interestin us. While acting as a member of the GeneralEducation Board of New York, he encouragedour plans for the upbuilding of our Science Department, and I have always felt that it was largelythrough his support that we received the necessary financial aid from the General EducationBoard. It was also while I was a student at Chicago that I made the acquaintance of David AllenRobertson, now of Goucher College. More recentassociations, especially those connected with Dr.Robertson's study of American Universities andColleges for the American Council on Educationhave been of great value to our college. To Dr.Robertson I think I owe the deepest gratitude forthe light to see clearly the lines of action to betaken in certain of our departments that neededstrengthening.Chicago has done many first things in America.It boasts justifiably of its University Press— thefirst venture of its kind in the new world; of it'sintroduction and development of the summer-quarter idea; of its early promotion of Athleticsand Physical Culture as a distinct science; of itsencouragement of scholarly research on a grandscale and reaching to the four corners of theearth. Its honor roll of eminent scientists andauthors and distinguished contributors to publicservice is probably, considering Chicago's years,first in numbers and in kind. It has ever beenin the advance guard in establishing new schoolsand new chairs, in furthering new movements,and in meeting in every way the ever-growingdemands of the times.But I do not think that the facts alone constitute Chicago's greatness. Perhaps even the bestthings are not so measurable. If my own associations with the University have t>een filled with inspiration toward higher and better achievementand fruitful in even the more tangible things, soalso have those of the younger members of myfaculty, and so, I am equally confident, have beenthose of thousands of men and women educatorsthroughout the country. The "mighty men ofold" have been and are being replaced by thoseof a younger vintage, but their work goes on andoutward. The University has inherited a tradition of intellectual energy capable of producingnot only college and university presidents, butmen and women with a fine desire to do greatthings in every walk of life.IN MY OPINION• By FRED B. MILLETT, PhD 831 Associate Professor of EnglishAS ONE passes from the field of aesthetic/\ criticism to the field of historical criti-X~\, cism, one becomes aware of even greaterpoverty.* It is not easy, to be sure, to applyhistorical methods to contemporary literary phenomena, but the English show themselves vastlyless courageous than French, or German, orAmerican critics in their attempts to survey thefield of contemporary literature, and to lay thefoundations for critical work to be done whentime has given a perspective on current literaryactivity. For the historical presentation of contemporary literature one must turn to suchforeign critics as Rene Lalou, Friedrich Wild,or the Anglo-American J. W. Cunliffe.In contrast to such excellent attempts at critical pioneering, the English efforts are slight andtimorous. Harold Williams' Modern EnglishWriters is not so much a pageant as a processionof pen-sketches of innumerable writers, closingwith 1914. A. C. Ward has made a valiant attempt to clear paths through the jungle of contemporary literature in his Contemporary EnglishLiterature and the Nineteen-Twenties, but theelementary audience to which his lectures wereaddressed discouraged intellectual range andinhibited his judgments. The best work of ahistorical-critical sort appears in such studies ofspecial phases of contemporary literary historyas Holbrook Jackson's Eight e en-Nineties, A. E.Morgan's The Irish Renaissance, and theHiberno-American Ernest Boyd's Irish LiteraryRenaissance. But the vogue of critical impressionism and the absence of any vigorous interestin general aesthetic ideas have combined tofrustrate any satisfactory attempt at a synthesisof contemporary literature.Historical criticism is only slightly richer inthe more restricted fields of the literary genres;here, too, much work remains to be done. Despite a number of collections of critical essayson contemporary British novelists, some of themof very high quality, the British have left thetask of writing the history of the contemporaryEnglish novel to French, German, and American* The following remarks form a part of a critical survey to appear in the forthcoming edition of Manley and Rickert's Contemporary British Literature. critics. English critics, apparently, find it lesslaborious to gather a sheaf of trivial papers, likeGerald Gould's English Novel of To-day orElizabeth Drew's Modern Novel, than to construct a systematic historical-critical narrative.The same situation obtains in the criticism ofcontemporary British poetry. There have beenslight and inconsequential collections of essayson contemporary poets, like Harold Munro'sSome Contemporary Poets, Mary S. Sturgeon'spedestrian Studies of Contemporary Poets, orCharles Williams' sensitive if somewhat perfunctory Poetry at Present. But the history ofcontemporary British poetry is yet to be written.In the field of the drama, there is a plethoraof volumes of reviews inevitably unsystematicand impressionistic. Altogether too often, as insuch collections of reviews as those of AshleyDukes and James Agate, the pretentious titlesconceal journalism of a transitory and fugitivenature. Occasionally, as in Shaw's Dramatic Essays and Opinions, such criticism becomes historically and critically important, because it iswritten from a definite and conscious, thoughwrong-headed, point of view. The value of apoint of view in dramatic criticism is furtherillustrated in Storm Jameson's astonishingly invigorating if exasperating Modern Drama inEurope. Hostile as Miss Jameson is to the naturalism of a mean-spirited age, arrogant as heryouthful judgments inevitably are, she hastreated her subject with both light and heat.More academic, and therefore more trustworthyare such narrower surveys as A. E. Morgan'sTendencies of Modern English Drama, and J. W.Cunliffe's Modern English Playwrights.Historical criticism of earlier periods of English literature suffers, in England as in America,from the unhappy severance of the scholar andthe man of letters. In Britain, perhaps, the abyssis somewhat less wide than in the United States.But the critical activity of men like GeorgeSaintsbury and Sir Edmund Gosse tends to takeon a purely aesthetic interest as the years bringto light the deficiencies of their scholarship.Saintsbury took all literature for his province,and wrote of all, or most of it, with tremendousgusto and enthusiasm, in an atrociously mannered68THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 69and tiresomely playful style. Sir Edmund Gosse,with more trepidation, limited the field of hisinterests, and disported himself there with greatergrace if less vitality. But these figures of an oldergeneration serve but to mark the definite breakbetween scholarly historical criticism and literary historical criticism, since scholars like W. W.Greg, Sir Edmund Chambers, and R. B. McKer-row do not so much write as lay facts end to end,and a scholarly amateur like Virginia Woolfwrites historical criticism that is imaginativelyevocative and imperfectly reliable. It has remained for the Frenchmen Emile Legouis andLouis Cazamian to produce the only readableand scholarly history of English literature withinour time.A sub-division of historical criticism, biographical criticism, has received some attentionin these days. Some of the forces operative instimulating a revival of biography have carriedover into the field of biographical criticism. Inboth fields, there has been the urge to re-considerand to re-evaluate the status and the significanceof notable figures in earlier periods, and thetemptation to apply to these same figures thescalpel of psychoanalysis. Perhaps the most brilliant work on the borders of biography and criticism is that done on Tennyson and Byron byHarold Nicolson under the stimulating influenceof Lytton Strachey. Here, too, belongs J. Middle-ton Murry's most important critical work, sincehis study of the relationship between Keats andShakespeare is after all an attempt to lay barethe processes of Keats's mind and imagination,and his interpretation of D. H. Lawrence in Sonof Woman, however vitiated by his own unhappypersonal relationship with his subject, is psycho-biographical in nature. Hugh Fausset's criticalstudies of Keats and Tennyson, Donne andWordsworth, though less acute perhaps thanthose of Nicolson and Murry, attempt biographical reinterpretations of these figures in the lightof modern psychology. Fausset, to be sure, carries over from the older mode of criticism not alittle of the idealistic attitude toward literaturethat is one of the stigmata of the romantic critical tradition. Rebecca West, stylistically morebrilliant than Fausset, is equally concerned withliterature as a sort of secretion of personality.The common factor in the attitudes of thesociological critics of literature is their conviction that literature is to be judged in relationto life and as a representation of life. The objectof their criticism is to estimate and interpret thework as a more or less perfect representation of what the critic believes life is or should be. Theconcern is obviously not with literature as art,but with literature as mirrored experience. Itis inevitable, therefore, that the most importantelement in the activity of a sociological critic isthe particular conception he holds of what lifeis or should be. It is on the basis of these varyingconceptions that critics of this variety can best bediscussed.The liveliest critical representative of the conservative attitude toward life and literature isG. K. Chesterton. Like the true sociologicalcritic, Chesterton is rarely concerned with themerely aesthetic aspect of his subject, although asan indefatigable journalist, he indulges in incidental aesthetic judgments that have their ownprofessional interest. What he is concerned withis whether or not an author's reading of life is,according to his views, sound. Consequently, inHeresies, he considers not the artistries of Kipling or Pater, Moore or Wilde, but the soundnessor unsoundness of his subjects' interpretationsof life. From the point of view of his staunchtheological and ethical fundamentalism, he isable, with the glittering lance of his paradoxes,to pierce many a weak point in the modernistarmor. But Chesterton is at his best in his treatment of a writer like Dickens, with whom he istemperamentally rather than theologically sympathetic. He is acutest of all perhaps in his studyof Bernard Shaw, with whose protestant andpuritan tradition he is thoroughly familiar ifunsympathetic. But criticism in Chesterton iscapable of few surprises that are other thanverbal, since his absolutism does not make forflexibility of judgment.Wyndham Lewis' reading of life is by no meanseasy to disentangle from the verbiage which obscures it, but certain features of that view oflife imply an aesthetic toryism somewhat akin toChesterton's conservatism. Like Chesterton, heis hostile to the vagaries of romanticism andsentimentalism. He is anti-democratic, anti-humanitarian, and anti-primitive. With tiresome rhetoric, he expounds his devotion to theeternal rather than the merely timely, his conviction as to the supreme importance of art, andhis arrogant contempt for poetasters and literarybohemians. The absolutist nature of Chesterton'sconservatism is utterly alien to Havelock Ellis'seclectic liberalism. Ellis, in all the phases of hisliterary and scientific work, has been concernedwith freeing the spirit of mankind from intellectual and social bondage to obscurantism. His(Continued on page 84)7° THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEBOOK REVIEWOil for the Lamps of China. ByAlice Tisdale Hobart, '07; 403 pp.Indianapolis: The Bobbs-MerrillCompany, $2.50. Endpapers andjacket designed by Cyrus LeRoyBaldridge, '11.HERE is a good, satisfying book.Mrs. Hobart has added a substantial contribution to the growingmass of literature which is bringing the East to the West. Notthat one detects any ulterior missionary motive in this splendid novel,but the reader cannot help feelingthat he has been painlessly instructedas well as delightfully entertainedby it.Against the magnificent panoramaof incredible China, are drawn twoAmericans, Stephen and his wife,Hester. Stephen comes out to China,young, idealistic, believing in hiscompany, and in the fundamentalhuman value of his job, selling oilto bring light to China. His sensitiveness and integrity gradually winhim a place in the estimation of hisChinese business associates, and heis a distinct asset to the corporation.In the mysterious way of corporations governed across great distances,however, he is disciplined, put back,and made to feel his complete in-effectualness as an individual. Firstloyalty, then necessity, causes him tosurrender. In the story of Stephen'swhole life in China we see himprogress from the attitude of thegriffin, "All Chinamen look alike,"to that of a denationalized humanbeing, capable of the splendid friendship of his peer in another race.The tragedy of Stephen's career isthat of the strong individualist,brought down by the compulsion ofsocial forces. The irony of it, thatthe forces were originally set in motion for the purpose of making itpossible for individuals to survive.The great corporation, the cornerstone of security for its employees,succeeds in destroying completelytheir ability to stand alone. Andadded to this sufficient agent of destruction, is the corrosive power ofthe constant questioning of valuesand comparison of the ways of Eastand West inevitable to one as sensitive as Stephen. Endpaper (or "Oil (or the Lamps of China''Hester, Stephen's wife, is affectedby the dependence on the companyto some extent, but it is throughStephen, rather than directly. Herpersonal and unshared tragedy liesin the loss of all opportunity for selfexpression in music. Lacking this,the more significant part of her selfis submerged, and everything in herworld depends upon Stephen. Sheis not in position to make friendswith the Chinese, nor is she sufficiently adaptable to become Chinesein the sense that Stephen does. Asa result she spends great portions ofher life in the pitiable position of asheltered woman with nothing at allto do.Through the years of Stephen'slife in China, we get a fine subjectiveview of the social implications ofChina's political upheavals, andcomprehend the tremendous changebetween the days when the family ofthe defaulting agent assumed hisobligation to the "Keepers of Light"and the post-revolution attitude ofthe son of Ho.The book is rich in secondarycharacters, sympathetically andclearly presented. Ho, the greatmerchant, and Kin, Stephen's servant, are unforgettable. The wholesupporting cast of Americans andChinese have an authentic air, andthe glimpses into their personal livesadd to the reality without divertingthe course of the story.In spite of the luxurious abundance of material Mrs. Hobart haskept her narrative well in hand. Thebook is well, even beautifully written. Mrs. Hobart is unusually wellqualified to write of China, her homesince 1910. Mr. Baldridge, whosedrawings are familiar to all readersof this Magazine, is equally wellfitted to provide such a book withappropriate dress. His journeys inthe East give him a wealth of material for this task, and his drawingsare a real addition to the beauty ofthe volume.Chicago Alumni in the CurrentMagazinesChicagoan— OctoberChicagoana, Donald C. Plant, '25.As a Man Thinketh, MiltonMayer, '29. Field, Course andCourt, Kenneth Fry, '28Colliers— November 18They Sometimes Come Back, AlanLeMay, '22College Humor— NovemberChicago's Carnival Campus,Joseph T. Zoline, '33Forum and Century— NovemberA Rapidly Aging Young Man,Milton S. Mayer, '29Harpers— NovemberThe Supreme Court and the NewDeal, Mitchell Dawson, '11, JD'14Motion Picture— DecemberHollywood's Best-Dressed WomenWere Once Poor Girls, RosalindShaffer, '17Mid-Monthly Survey— OctoberChild Health Recovery, GraceAbbott, PhM'09NEWS OF THE QUADRANGLES• By JOHN P. HOWE, '27PERHAPS it's the New Plan; perhaps it'sthe new leisure or the new deal. The University is becoming lecture-conscious, as itnever was when we were a boy. It is also becomingmore music, art and drama conscious, in acampus way. Old Mandel hall, for three decadesa theater for the less recondite activities of theUniversity, is alight nearly every evening withone thing or another, not to mention alive duringthe day with new-plan survey classes.The appearance of Alfred North Whitehead,eminent speculative philosopher, and of EdgarAnsel Mowrer, Berlin correspondent of the Chicago Daily News until his recent resignationunder Nazi pressure, proved that Mandel hallis too small for this new development. Whitehead came to the Midway for a ten day visit, livedin the Men's Residence Halls, where he held openhouse to students, and lectured under a foundation established at the University last spring by aneastern woman for the purpose of bringing students into informal contacts with notable personalities. The visit was a spectacular successand was followed by a similar visit by AlexanderMeiklejohn.Mowrer's lecture was sponsored by the StudentLecture Service, which was organized last year bythe University's Bureau of Vocational Guidanceand Placement as a means of providing work forthe group of students selected to manage it. MissFrances Perkins spoke at Mandel for the Serviceearly in the quarter and Raymond Moley andRockwell Kent are scheduled.A by-product of the upper divisional organization under the new plan has been the schedulingof ten public lectures per quarter by three or fourmembers of the Social Sciences division, who discuss their special fields of interest for the benefitparticularly of all students in the division. Thelectures are given week-day afternoons in theSocial Science assembly room, this quarter'sspeakers being Professor John Gaus, politicalscience, on "Administration and the ModernState"; Professor Ellsworth Faris, sociology, whoreturned recently from a six months stay in theCongo, on "The Bantus of the Congo Forest";and Mortimer Adler, Associate Professor of thePhilosophy of Law, on his favorite theme, "The Intellectual History of Western Europe."Two sociologists, returned from extensive surveys abroad, Ernest W. Burgess in Russia andRobert E. Park around the world, have beenlecturing on their observations. The public lectures downtown, sponsored by University College, have grown steadily in popularity.LiquorTaxation of liquor after repeal of the Eighteenth Amendment should be for purposes of social control rather than for revenue, Marshall E.Dimock, associate professor of public administration, believes. Professor Dimock advocatesadoption of the control system recommended inthe Rockefeller report, declaring that the licensing system would mean the continued existenceof many of the evils of prohibition."The licensing system is fundamentally unsound, principally because effective control orprogressive temperance cannot be expected unless the element of private profit is eliminated,"he says. "Under the licensing system, the administrative difficulties of enforcement are almost as great as they have been under prohibition.The liquor trade is inevitably put into politics.The bootlegger with an established trade gets inon the ground floor. The problems of taxationand prices are almost endless, with a high taxmeaning a high retail price and the flourishing ofbootleggers."Two states, Delaware and Montana, have already adopted the modified Quebec system advocated by the Rockefeller report, and Wisconsinand Iowa are favorably considering it, accordingto Professor Dimock. Under this system, a state-owned corporation buys and sells, but does notmanufacture, strong liquors. Beer is sold freelyin groceries, drug stores and other places, withthe definite objective of encouraging consumption of beer rather than of fortified liquors.Local option is possible under the controlsystem, he pointed out, but residents in local option areas still are able to have deliveries made totheir homes from the state controlled stores."This modified Quebec plan means that theprofit motive for increasing liquor sales iseliminated," Professor Dimock says. "There isan incentive for the state to crush out the boot-7i72 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINElegger and there is a unified system for accomplishing that result. The price situation is simplified;the state stores would charge low prices in theearly years to drive out bootleg competition, andlater could raise prices to curtail demand, as GreatBritain has done."The saloon is eliminated entirely, and thereis a minimum of opportunity for political interference. The chief problem under this system, ofcourse, will be to get honest men administering it."One of the appealing advantages is the simplicity of the revenue administration. Whilelicensing requires a new body of tax officers, thiscontrol method has no tax, the state getting itsrevenue from sales. The greatest danger is thatwith the licensing system there will be attemptsto get large revenues, which will send prices soaring and give the bootlegger his chance."The purpose of liquor taxation should notbe revenue but social control. Therefore the reported intention of the Federal government torealize half a billion dollars revenue from liquor,in addition to what many stktes expect to get, isdisquieting. Cooperation between the Federaland state governments to limit the amount ofrevenue and to provide an effective system of control is urgently needed."Professor Edwin Sutherland, criminologist inthe department of sociology, also advocates statedispensing of hard liquors. Last spring he predicted that the return of g.2 beer, deprivingorganized criminals of their principal source ofincome, would not break up organized crime butwould divert the efforts of criminal groups toother fields, notably kidnapping. His forecastabout an epidemic of kidnapping has been borneout. He believes that the prohibition movementis far from dead, and that if liquor is not adequately controlled, the nation is due for anotherprohibition-and-repeal cycle. He ventures theguess that the next prohibition amendmentwould arrive in about 25 years, last about 8 years,and be followed by state dispensing.Beer, incidentally, is not sold in any of the University's eating places, including the QuadrangleClub, the rationalization being that the validityof the old Hyde Park ordinance prohibiting itssale in the University neighborhood has not beensettled. The University's attitude about drinkingwill probably be summarized in the warning: bedecent.Hutchins on the State of EducationUse of federal funds to preserve public education, and the creation of a full-fledged Cabinet portfolio for education, were urged by PresidentHutchins in an address early this month.Predicting that "the political status, the organization and the content of education are aboutto undergo some revision," Dr. Hutchins saidthat America's traditional willingness to supportpublic education has diminished sharply sincethe onset of depression. This has been due, he said,less to lack of faith in education, or lack of money,than to the failure of educators to make clear tothemselves and to the public the purpose andfunction of educational institutions at every level."Insistence that education is a purely local matter amounts to saying that the United States is nota nation but an aggregation of communities," Dr.Hutchins said. "It amounts to saying that one partof the country can remain indifferent to abysmalignorance in the rest of it."It may be that the present administration willgo down in history as the one in which the UnitedStates became a nation. It has now undertaken todistribute the people's money, irrespective of itsgeographical source, where it is most needed, irrespective of the locus of the need. We have admitted that the economic connections that bind. us one to another control our lives. We are prepared to have business and unemploymenttackled on a national scale. Here the communityis the country. In education the community is theschool district still."I have come reluctantly to the conclusionthat the Federal government must take an activepart in public education. No one can watch theprogress of education in this country without being convinced that the Federal government mustequalize opportunity among the States. I havenever heard any argument advanced which canjustify condemning one child to illiteracy becausehe was born in one part of the country, whereasanother born in another part may at public expense proceed from the nursery school to thehighest scholarly degrees."I believe there must be a Secretary for Education in the Cabinet. I see no other way in whichthe government can be made aware of education." The government has overlooked the opportunities for adult education inherent in theleisure forced upon twelve million unemployed,and among the 300,000 members of the CivilianConservation Corps, many of whom are at theeducable ages, Dr. Hutchins said. "The government has been increasingly willing to providefunds for dams, roads, bridges, post-offices, courthouses and even battleships. It has not been conscious of education. We are prepared to pay taxesJLJtiJi U JNI V£K5IT Y OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 73so that our fellow citizens may not starve. We arenot yet prepared to save them from ignorance, orourselves from the consequences of it."Money for education could be found, PresidentHutchins said, as it has been found to maintainbanks, insurance companies and railroads and tofinance public works, if the public and theteachers were properly clear about the logic ofeducational organization. The fact that businessand industry will probably be unable to absorbyoung men and women until their 18th or 20thyear makes even more imperative the need foreducational reorganization.Spencer on NRA"The recovery experimentation may, as a maximum, completely change the nature of business;certainly, as a minimum, it will leave an indelibleimprint." This was the thesis of Professor William H. Spencer, Dean of the School of Business,who recently addressed an audience on "The Recovery Legislation and the Future of Business.""Generally speaking, we are now in an era inwhich we are consciously attempting to plan ourbusiness civilization," Dean Spencer said. "Thepresent program moves us in the direction ofeconomic nationalism."This inevitably means political nationalismand political isolation. If we are permanently tomove in the direction of economic nationalism,we must cease to dream of the return of the goldenyears of prosperity. We must, indeed, reconcileourselves to lower standards of living. The destruction of pigs, the ploughing under of cotton,the restriction of wheat production, which wehave recently witnessed, are as nothing comparedwith the painful processes ahead of us as we trimAmerican trade, industry, and agriculture tomeet the needs of domestic markets."It is my conviction, however, that we shall notdrift permanently in this direction. It seems tome that we are merely setting our own house inorder, hoping that sooner or later the channels ofinternational trade may be cleared."The NRA encourages and tends to developgreater solidarity of labor. Going beyond anyprevious law, it not only guarantees to labor theright to deal collectively with employers, butcontemplates and encourages labor unionization. It seems probable, however, that if NRA orits equivalent continues in existence, that organized labor will assume a form different fromthat which now prevails in America."The company union will, in my opinion,inevitably tend to disappear. The craft union, the prevailing type, is likely to be succeeded intime by unions organized along industrial lines.The NRA, in so far as it contemplates that theemployers within an industry shall act througha trade association, by implication contemplatesthat laborers shall find their protection in asimilar organization. A trade association will begreatly embarrassed in dealing with organizedlabor if it has to deal with a great many craftunions. Labor economists doubt very muchwhether craft unions can in the long-run servethe interests of workers as a class as well as industry unions."In many areas of business the operations ofNRA will tend toward greater solidarity of business organization. Larger businesses can absorbwhatever increased costs result from NRA easierthan can small businesses. The NRA places itsbenediction upon unified action between individual businesses. The anti-trust Act has been relaxed for the period of the emergency. It may verywell be that the time has come to cease the struggle against the growing size of the individual business unit, to recognize its collectivistic character,and to employ it in a program of industrial control."The recovery program as a whole, and NRAin particular, mark the beginning of a new andmore intimate relationship between governmentand business. Present recovery plans will undoubtedly accelerate very greatly the trendtoward nationalization of control over business.The government purchase of bank securities, theFederal Securities Act, and the Glass-SteagallBanking Act are all examples of the extension ofthis control."The traditional distinction between local andinterstate business has been fading for sometime. If now we are permanently entering uponan era of business planning, the distinction mayfade entirely. National economic planning is possible only if all businesses in the nation are treatedas an economic unit."We are now accustomed to count as permanent gains of NRA the abolition of child laborand the establishment of the principle of theminimum wage. What assurance have we thatthese are permanent gains? We have none, ifNRA is repealed and these matters are returnedto state control, unless, of course, in the meantime we amend the National Constitution,giving Congress power to regulate industrialrelations."In this relationship between government andbusiness, it seems certain that the trade associa-74 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEtion will play an increasingly important role as aquasi-governmental agency in a program of industrial self-discipline. The trade association willgain power and prestige during the period of theemergency which it will not lose when the emergency is passed. The codes of fair competitionwhich are being adopted under the eye of thegovernment will not be repealed by a repeal ofthe recovery legislation."It does not seem that in the long run we arelikely to stifle private enterprise completely; butit does seem probable that for some time to comethe limitations on private enterprise and initiative will become more onerous than they havebeen. But throughout the history of business wehave been moving steadily in this direction. Here,as elsewhere, the recovery legislation merely accelerates the trend."It is likely that in the field of production,formal or informal checks will be maintainedboth upon production as now carried on andupon plant extension and development looking togreater production. The financing of businesswill to a considerable extent be determined, atleast in quality, by the limitations placed uponproduction."It may be that sooner or later we will experiment with a managed money with a view ofeliminating some of the more serious ups anddowns in price levels, just as in the past we haveattempted by one practice or other to control theexpansion and contraction of credit. The futureof managed money is dubious; it remains to beseen whether human beings have enough astuteness, foresight, and judgment to be trusted withsuch a delicate task."Recent congressional investigation of WallStreet indicates clearly that we may expect legislation of some kind designed to domesticateand civilize speculation. Legitimate speculation has its place in modern business and cannot, in my opinion, be entirely eliminatedeither by legislation or by a program of price-fixing."Some have suggested that marketing and advertising will gradually lose in importance andsignificance as we proceed to an era of consciousplanning. This is something I cannot see. On thecontrary, it seems to me that marketing and advertising will assume an importance that theyhave not hitherto possessed. At a time when weall complain that productive capacity is too farahead of consumption, there can be no decreasein the emphasis placed upon the creation of demand. There is ample room for constructive work in marketing and advertising in competition between commodities, in competition in services,and in competition between industries."Viewed in historical perspective, the NationalIndustrial Recovery Act is merely another step inour long struggle to rationalize and bring undercontrol the capitalistic system. NRA or its equivalent was to be expected sooner or later; the depression brought it sooner."The future of the capitalistic system still lieslargely in the hands of our business leaders. Theyhave been granted the power of industrial self-discipline, although not entirely on terms totheir liking. The question now is, What will theydo with their opportunity?"PeopleJohn C. Ransmeier, assistant professor ofSpanish at the University for the past twelve years,died October 31st, at age 61. Head of the department of German at Tulane University until thewar hysteria forced the teaching of German out ofmany schools, Dr. Ransmeier became a recognized authority on the teaching of Spanish, anddeveloped a technique embodied in his text, "ASpanish Recognition Grammar."Two additions have been made to the roster ofChicago faculty people serving the nationalgovernment. Miss Sophonisba P. Breckinridge,Samuel Deutsch Professor Emeritus of PublicWelfare Administration, is one of six membersof the American commission to the Pan AmericanCongress to be held at Montevideo, the othermembers being recognized diplomatists. EdwardA. Duddy, Professor of Marketing in the Schoolof Business, has been asked to assist the NRA inthe Division of Subsistence Homesteads of theDepartment of the Interior.Herbert Hoover was the guest of ProfessorsMerriam and Ogburn at the Quadrangle Clubearly this quarter. . . . James L. Walters, fromCalumet High, Chicago, is the brightest freshman, according to the aptitude examinations,having made one of the highest scores among thehalf-million tests that have been administered tofreshmen everywhere in America during the pastsix years. . . . Miss Madi Bacon, a recent Ph.Band now a graduate student, was a heroine earlythis month when she fished a successful suicidecandidate out of Lincoln Park lagoon, made unsuccessful efforts to resuscitate him until firemenarrived, and left, in the best tradition, without aword, only to be identified later by the licensenumber of the car in which she rode. . . .ATHLETICSScores of the Month ®FootballChicago, o; Purdue, 14Chicago, o: Michigan, 28Chicago, o; Wisconsin, oChicago, 7; Indiana, 7MID-NOVEMBER finds the Chicagofootball team in the company of Indiana and Wisconsin, disputing lastplace in the Big Ten "championship" standing.This being the same Maroon team that was toaccomplish great things, the contrast between theexpectations of October 1 and the achievementsof November 15 would seem to call for a word ortwo of explanation. The simplest explanation isthat the odds against Chicago teams in conference competition are too great. A Maroon squadwith approximately 25 per cent more potentialability than its immediate predecessors is still notstrong enough by half to close the competitivegap between itself and the best teams in the conference. -In the first game of the Big Ten season, Chicago went against Purdue. Purdue had lost a largepart of its line, and there seemed to be a possibility that the Boilermaker team would not be asstrong as it was in 1932. On the contrary, it filledin the holes without effort, and as subsequentevents have demonstrated, is one of the best teamsin the country. Michigan had lost Newman, butMichigan can get along very nicely without Newman, and if there is a better team than Purdue, itis this Michigan. Next season, there will be manynew faces in the Wolverine lineup. But Michiganwill be right in there among the best, becauseanother company of expert football players isseasoning at Ann Arbor while the present greatteam holds the stage.Against football teams like these a Chicagoteam that had six sophomores in starting positions had as much chance as the town championagainst a Dempsey. Chicago had, man for man, abetter backfield than Michigan's, but Michigan'sline smothered Chicago's attack and gave its ownbacks ample security for their operations. Afterhitting those first two teams, Shaughnessy's menwere somewhat shaken. Had they been able tostart against Indiana and Wisconsin, they would • By WILLIAM V. MORGENSTERN/20, JD '22have done much better. One of the penalties ofthe realistic organization which is the Big Ten,however, is that the winning teams which drawthe crowds also draw the schedules. There can beno particular cry of outrage from Chicago, however, for in the prosperous days Mr. A. A. Staggwas something of a dictator in this respect.The football team which plays its home gameson Stagg Field has not been 100 per cent efficient,and this condition has contributed somewhat toits failure to win games. Its line has been weak,particularly on offense, and it needed considerably more drilling on the so-called fundamentalsthan it received at first, because the tackling andblocking have been distressingly futile at times.It may be that the team was not given enoughscrimmage at the start of the season, but it wouldbe an unreasonable second-guesser who wouldsay that Coach Shaughnessy, with an average ofone man for a position, should have risked breaking his players up in scrimmage. He did nothave enough margin to risk the toll that roughwork would have taken. Since his team has beenhardened up, the scrimmage has been increased,and the players have benefited noticeably. Theshortage of players also operated in another detrimental direction. Some of the young men whoknew there were no substitutes capable of fillingtheir places played rather complacent football,which isn't any good at all when the oppositionconsists of eleven unsophisticated seekers forglory who know that there are plenty of star students in the school of physical education frothingfor a chance. Mr. Shaughnessy's unfamiliaritywith the Big Ten undoubtedly has handicappedhim, but he can not be held responsible for that.The first season in this toughest of all footballleagues gives a new coach more education thanany New Plan could ever do. And Mr. Shaughnessy, who seems to be able to learn quickly, willbe much better equipped next year as a result ofhis experience. Quarterback direction of theteam, to continue the list of difficulties, has beendisappointing, but after much experimentingShaughnessy apparently has found a quarterbackin Ed Cullen, a versatile quick-change player whohas performed at center, quarterback, and halfback all in the space of half a game.76 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE',Mmm^L te^»_* P^3fcM->* 'fiY*"^^^^BInternatloTial News PftotoThe place kick Berwanger and his team mates thought was goodDespite the fact that the team has not yet won aconference game there has been no howl of thewolves tracking down the coach. If losing toMichigan and Purdue were any cause for complaint, most of the alumni around the Big Tenwould have lost their voices in the past threeyears. Against Wisconsin there was evidence ofconsiderable improvement, especially in the line,and though the game went to a scoreless tie, Chicago looked the superior team. It had opportunities to score, but dribbled them away with poorselection of plays. In the last three minutes therewere two beautiful episodes. Berwanger intercepted a pass on his own 20-yard line, and whenthe Badgers swarmed on him, snapped the ballbackward to Sahlin who ran all the way to the 45-yard line. Then Capt. Pete Zimmer threw a 57-yard pass that Sahlin, surrounded by Wisconsinplayers, caught on the 12-yard line. On fourthdown, Berwanger tried a place kick that he andhis team mates thought was good, but whichdidn't appear that way to the officials. In the Indiana game, after a pass caught the Chicago teamflatfooted and got the Hoosiers off to a lead, theMaroon team came back to tie the score. In thethird period, Zimmer apparently scored on agreat run of 32 yards, but the officials, who camechurning along in the wake of the pursuit, decided that a cleat mark on the sideline two yardsaway from the goal had been made by Zimmer.Photographers and others on the sidelines declared Pete had not been within a foot of the line,but they were not voting. On the third subsequent play, Berwanger appeared to have crossedthe goal, but the officials again voted the otherway. Penalties against the team cost 80 criticalyards in the Indiana game. There has been considerable criticism about the officiating in thefour conference games this season, both on ques tions of judgment and as to plain matters of fact.In the Michigan game the officials donated tenyards to Michigan when changing the lines at thestart of the fourth quarter, but it can not be contended that those ten yards had much influenceon the ball game.Despite the minimum of victories that has beenachieved, the offense has been more than fair. Inthe four games, the backs have gained a total of549 yards on running plays from scrimmage, foran average of 3. 1 yards. On passes they have addedanother 200 yards, for a total of 749. Pete Zim-mer's long runs have given him the best average,for he has 3.9 yards to show for each of the 47times he has carried the ball. Berwanger is next,with an average of 3.5 yards on 82 plays. Althoughin the Purdue and Michigan games he was rushedso hard that he made several bad kicks, his average in the Big Ten games is 35.5 yards a punt,which is first class. Improving in each game, he israpidly catching up with the predictions that enthusiastic alumni were making for him last September. Vin Sahlin, whose all-around work hasbeen important for three seasons, is the otherprominent ground gainer, but he and Nyquisthave been more used as blockers than ball carriers.Until the Indiana game, a comparatively smallnumber of players were available for play. JohnWomer and Rainwater Wells held the end positions, with some assistance from John Baker andWilliam Langley until the Indiana game, whenthe two reserves had become the regulars. BobDeem has been a fine tackle, and Merritt Bushand John Rice have divided the play at the otherposition. Bob Perretz had the strenuous job ofrunning guard through the first three Big Tengames, until Raymond Pokela, who had beeninjured before the season opened, was able to playTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 77half the game. Walter Maneikis, dependable andeffective, has been at the other guard, WayneRapp has been the first reserve guard all season.Ell Patterson, a 1 74 pound center, who is a littlelight for effective offensive work, but a notabledefensive player in backing up the line, has beenoutstanding. He was injured in the Wisconsingame, and Cordon Peterson took his place part ofthe time. Cullen, however, was more effective,for Peterson is not very husky. Both Patterson andCullen called signals from center position, andCullen's work against Indiana was so satisfactorythat he will be at the quarterback position forIllinois and Dartmouth. In the backfield, it hasbeen Capt. Pete Zimmer, Jay Berwanger, VinsonSahlin, and Ewald Nyquist, who have carriedmost of the burden, Cullen and Barton Smithhave been consistently in the backfield, andTommy Flinn, despite his lack of weight, hasplayed a good part of the time.The Chicago Alumni Club, of which WilliamGorgas is the current president, has decided toabandon the old plan of holding the annual football dinner the week of the Illinois game,and have the dinner early in December, after the excitement of the season has died away.The basketball team shortly will be busy withits pre-conference games. Not of championshiprank, it still will be a big improvement over lastyear's team and will win a fair number of conference games. At present the indications arethat Nels Norgren will have a completely newcombination. Much depends on Bill Haarlow, asophomore forward who was the sensation ofChicago prep basketball. Haarlow bowed himself out of prep competition by scoring 52 pointsin his final game. Much more than a scorer, Haarlow is the key to the floor game. Other new meninclude Pyle, Oppenheim, Gordon Peterson, BillLaing, Ray Weiss, Rainwater Wells, NormanMasterson, and Maurice Gottshalk. Oppenheimis 6-4, and over 200 pounds; Peterson is as tall,and Pyle is 6 feet, 3 inches, so that the teamshould have the necessary height. Harold Weg-ner, Tommy Flinn, and Bob Langford of the1932-33 squad also are back. The team will nothave full strength until after the first of the year,for Oppenheim and Pyle are out of residencethis quarter, and several of the others are stillwith the football squad.Dear Mr. Beck: Western Springs, III., November, 1933Does it interest you to know that California is giving Mr. and Mrs. Stagg a warm welcome? Thepress is so cordial. When his team played the Modesto Junior College the field was filled to capacityand they cheered Mr. Stagg's team for their good plays as well as the home team. It really was arather fashionable event, even though held in the evening.I saw both Mr. and Mrs. Stagg one afternoon. They have a charming bungalow on a street full ofattractive homes. Mrs. Stagg has a fig tree in her back garden, which is something she did not expectto have in this life. . . . Sincerely yours,(Mrs. Roy M. Stanley) May Eugenia Radford, '97imemationai i\ews fhotoBut not always was the blocking "Distressingly Futile"CHICAGO ALUMNAE GIVE A PARTY• By RUTH BROWNE MACFARLAND, '21, AM '22FRIDAY night, October 20, isrenowned for two reasons: itwas the rainiest night of 1933;the Alumnae Club gave a Centuryof Progress party.The wet but gay guests gatheredin the auditorium of the IllinoisHost House on the Fair grounds included about seventy-five loyalalumnae, a sprinkling of husbandsand other male escorts, and a'rikisha— about which more later.As the curtain rose we heard thebeautiful strains of the Valse Impromptu by Liszt and discoveredRobert Wallenborn (who is doinggraduate work in biology on campusand has studied music in Berlin) atthe piano. He was illustrating a'century of progress in music, andnext played Romance by Schumannand Theme and Variations in B Flatby Chopin. The audience hadthoroughly succumbed to his interpretation of the romantic music ofthe 19th century when he suddenly-shifted into third and gave us whathe called "stark realism." A marchof Hindemith's was followed by theSuite "Petroushka" of Stravinsky.The Alumnae Club's original planto drive each of its guests of honorElsie Schobinger and the Mae West Hat Chicago Alumnae ClubHoliday Shopping LuncheonDecember 9, 12:00 mWedgwood Room, MarshallField'sElizabeth Wallace will speak on"Glimpses of Old Mexico."Reservations — seventy-five centsacross the stage in a jinrikisha wasdefeated by the old problem of whathappens when a larger body meetsa smaller. In other words, thevehicle, even with its wheels removed, was too wide for the slenderdoors of the auditorium.The first guests to walk across thestage under their own motor powerwere Judge Walter Steffen (captainand quarterback in 1908) and hisleft end and brother-in-law JohnSchommer (1906-7-8), who stoppedin at our party on the way to Pittsburgh. Next was Miss Helen Bennett, introduced as First Lady of theIsland, because she is in charge ofthe exhibits at the Social ScienceHall. Miss Mollie Ray Carroll,head of the University Settlement,bubbled over with interesting statistics on the work being done on thewest side.James M. Stifler, chairman of theCommittee on Development reportedthat 1 out of every 38 Century ofProgress visitors journeyed out to theMidway to have a look at the University Chapel— or between 3000 and8000 a day. Three hundred visitorsa day took time to see all of thecampus. Kenneth Rouse, who hadbeen labeled the Missing Link onthe program— referring not to hisface but to his job as part of theU. of C. promotion system— providedthe audience with a two-minuteglimpse of his work.As proof that the Alumnae Clubdoes much constructive work, Exhibits A and B were next introduced—the two Alumnae Clubscholarship girls. Pete Russell,President of the Alumni Club, expressed keen disappointment over78 missing a 'rikisha ride. Telegramswere read from two of our famousalumni, Donald R. Richberg, General counsel of N.R.A. and HaroldIckes, Secretary of the Interior.The assortment of bright remarksby our guests of honor had arousedin the audience some of the good oldChicago pep— so we were in just themood to close the evening singing"Since First We Met in 1893," "Go,Chicago Go,"— led by the melodiousSulcer family, Henry Sulcer, '06,Charlotte Thearle Sulcer, '09,"Happy" Sulcer, '33, and EleanorSulcer, '37.The delicious refreshments wereby Morse and the impressive-lookingnegro butler from New Orleans.Miss Ethel Preston, '08, AM'10,PhD'20, President of the AlumnaeClub, presided over the party andMiss Elsie Schobinger, '08, AM'17,Vice President, acted as master ofceremonies. Miss Schobinger, in abe-ribboned, be-ruffled and be-lacedgown of 1893 vintage, feather boaand Mae West hat excited the envyand admiration of all present.For Athletic AlumnaeALUMNAE, here is a chance to£\ prove that your physical education training at the University isstill in evidence. Come and try astroke or two in the Ida Noyes Pool.All open hours are yours to use, ifyou wish. Call Midway 0800, Local11-2R for hours.Be sure to have a medical examination, and bring 10 cents for eachswim. Let us make Wednesday nightAlumnae Night. Meet your old classmates and be introduced to morerecent graduates.Come to the bowling alley, afterapplying to Office B in Ida Noyes.The charge connected with thisprivilege is 35 cents an hour forpin boys. Alumnae and alumni, oralumnae and merely husbands areinvited. The only prerequisite forthis activity is that you know howto bowl before using the equipment.The ping-pong tables in the TrophyGallery are always open for use.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 79MUSIC WGN• By CARL BRICKENTHE University of Chicago Symphony Orchestra announces the opening of a series ofconcerts for 1 933-34 on December eighth at eight-fifteen in Leon Mandel Hall. The orchestra consists of seventy-five pieces, and the first programwill include a performance of the HallelujahChorus from "The Mount of Olives" by Beethoven, assisted by the University Chorus. GeorgeSopkin will play the Saint-Saens Cello Concerto,and Dr. Paul Kerby of Vienna, the representativeof music at the Century of Progress of the Austrian Government, will conduct three JohannStrauss numbers. The program will end with aperformance of the Cesar Franck D Minor Symphony. The most remarkable characteristic ofthis orchestra is its ability to undertake seriousmusical productions and handle them in closeapproximation to professionalism. It must beunderstood that it is not a professional group,that it is composed of students in all departments of the University and those interestedamateurs of the neighborhood who find it a pleasure to play in this way. THE address of Jane Addams from the Chapelon Sunday, November 5, marked the firstof a regular series of programs to be broadcastthrough station WGN. Says Quin Ryan, WGNManager, "We are happy that WGN is nowcarrying some of the University of Chicago radioprograms."THE UNIVERSITY RADIO CALENDARThe Round Table— Sunday morning— 11:30 to 12:00. NBC,coast to coast.The Chapel Services— Sunday morning— 11 to 12. WGN.Book-Talks— Sunday night— 6:00 to 6:15. Percy H.Boynton. WGN.Home Economics — Monday morning — 10:00 to 10:15.Helen L. Koch. WJJD.What Is New in Music— Monday morning— 10:15 to 10:30.WJJD.Problems 0/ Parents in Dealing with Their Children—Monday afternoon— 2:30 to 3:00. KYW.Interpreting Business Events — Monday and Thursdaynights. 7:30 to 7:45. KYW.Environment and Race (Classroom Broadcast)— Tuesday toFriday morning, inclusive— 10:00 to 10:30. GriffithTaylor. WJJD.The Humanities (Classroom Broadcast)— Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday afternoons— 1 : 30 to 2:15. WMAQ.Readings— Tuesday afternoon— 4:00 to 4:15. Davis Edwards.WGN.Money and the New Deal— Wednesday night— 7:15 to7:30. Stuart Meech. WGN.The MAROONof CHICAGOSTYLE AMetal football base with statuary bronze finish. Height 15",Shade 11" Diam.PRICE $5.00 PREPAID Here is a beautiful addition to your home, room, study, office orfraternity room, or house reception hall — - The MAROON ofChicago — emblematic of the traditions of your Alma Mater —is the color banded on these fine lamps. The letter C is in goldand it's a color that HARMONIZES.CHRISTMAS IS COMINGGIFTS - GIFTS - GIFTSHere is a present that may be given at anytime regardless of seasons or holidays — itanswers the question of gift or memento ofany occasion, appointment, election or accomplishment.Carefully Packed for Delivery Satisfaction GuaranteedArtcraft Products Company5318 Cullom Avenue, ChicagoTel. Kildare 4400 STYLE BPottery base finished in whitePearl. Height 15", Shade 11"Diam.PRICE $4.00 PREPAIDTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE•— ~ NEWS OF THE CLASSESDIRECTORY DENTISTDR. GEO. G. KNAPPDENTISTWoodlawn Medical Arts Bldg.Suite 304 1305 E. 63rd StreetPhone Plaza 6020OPTICIANSOSTEOPATHYDOCTOR H. E. WELLSOsteopathic Physician and SurgeonPhysio-Therapy — X-RayLight Treatments6420 Cottage Grove Ave.Phone DORchester 6600Hours 9 A. M. to 9 P. M. Home Calls MadeSCHOOLSBEVERLY FARM, INC36th YearA Home,, School for Nervous and BackwardChildren and Adults220 Acres, 7 Buildings, School Gymnasium, Industrial and School Training Given, Departmentfor Birth Injury CasesGroves Blake Smith, M.D. Godfrey, III.Practical Business TrainingBusiness Administration, Executive-Secretarial14 Other Practical CoursesTrain for Assured Success 77th YearCollege Grade Courses Write for CatalogBryant & Stratton College18 South Michigan Ave.Randolph 1575r~% HUETTLW~0p ART SCHOOLgAjtep^^& Cartooning - Drawing^^JiwJ^W Painting - Etching^^PG/m Art Materials1546-50 E. 57th St. Plaza 2536 COLLEGE1894Maude S. Radford, PhM'96, (Mrs.Joseph P. Warren) well knownauthor of novels and short stories,has been ill for some time. She isliving in Ithaca, N. Y.1897William Maley practices medicineand surgery at Galesburg, 111. Hewrites that his son, William ForresterMaley, is finishing his medical courseat the University of Illinois thisyear.1900Arthur Sears Henning is broadcasting news of Washington overWGN every Sunday night. ** ElimA. E. Palmquist, DB'05, presidentof the Philadelphia University ofChicago Club, writes that hisdaughter May Estelle was recentlymarried to Guy Holbrook, Jr.Palmquist has been executive director of the Philadelphia Federation ofChurches for the last thirteen years.1906Nina Dickinson (Mrs. Wm. Hess)reports that she is busy educating herchildren. R. Adair Hess, the eldest,has just graduated from ArmourInstitute of Technology, Harry is insecond year medical school, Davidand Virginia are attending the University of Wisconsin.1908Katherine E. Forster, AM'n,(Mrs. H. L. Roberts) is principal ofHosmer Hall, a school for girls inSt. Louis. ** George J. Miller,SM'09, professor at the State NormalSchool at Mankato, Minn., was avisiting professor at NorthwesternUniversity this summer.1910Thora M. Brookings is in chargeof the Department of Telephone atthe Iowa State Capitol, Des Moines.1912/. G. Masters, AM' 16, is publishinga book, "Stories of the Far West," acollection of tales of the adventures of the fur trappers and traders of thetransmissouri west. He has spentover ten years in research, gatheringthe material for the book. Lastsummer he conducted a researchclass on the old Oregon trail. He isprincipal of Central High School, inOmaha.1913Sanford Sellers, Jr., formerly withWentworth Military Academy isstudying at the graduate school ofeducation at the University of Chicago this year. ## Ruth B. Bozellwrites that it is her conclusion thatalumni visitors to the Fair all comeback more impressed with the University than with the Century ofProgress.1914Aruba B. Charlton is primarysupervisor of the Central MissouriState Teachers College, at Warrens-burg. ** Minnie Goldberg (Mrs.Bernard Douglis) is teaching biologyin a Brooklyn, N. Y., High School.1915Caryl Cody (Mrs. Carl Pfanstiehl)is "working in Dr. John Morgan'sBehavior Clinic at NorthwesternUniversity two afternoons a week,giving intelligence tests, etc., besidesattending to the wants and interestsof four lively youngsters of her own,ranging in age from five to seventeen/'1916Robert Guy Buzzard, SM'ij, hasbeen elected president of the EasternNormal School, Charleston, 111. **Margaret Hess (Mrs. Michael J.Callohan) now lives in Holly Oak,Del., near Wilmington.1917Eleanor E. Hawkins is librarianat the College of New Rochelle, N. Y.1918Louise Green and David L-Wickens, AM'26, representing theChicago alumni in Washington,D. C, are on the General Committeewhich is planning a Big Ten Football party this fall for the Big TenAlumni Club. ** Ruth Young,THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 81AM'23, instructor in Italian at SmithCollege, has charge, of the Junioryear in Italy, and is spending thewinter in Florence and Rome. #*Agnes L. Pickering teaches at Randolph, Vermont. ** To MargaretMyers (Mrs. Frank P. McWhorter)we offer thanks for a choice collection of news-notes, sent on fromCorvallis, Ore. ** Helen L. Marshallis one of the librarians in the PublicLibrary of Rock Island, 111. **Alma Parmele is in Chicago thiswinter, starting Noyes RhythmClasses. She is an exponent of theNoyes System of Rhythm, and hasbeen teaching in the New YorkSchool. Her professional name isPatricia Parmelee, and she is stayingin Wilmette while conducting thenew school.1919Ethel Stilz has completed herresidence work for her master's degree from Columbia, and will receiveher diploma in December. She isat Swarthmore College, Penna. *#Flora Ethel Maddux, AM'25, isteaching Latin and Greek at Westminster College, Salt Lake City,Utah, for her eighth year.1920Edna R. Meyers is one of theprincipals of Chicago high schoolsdemoted by the recent action of theBoard of Education. She is teachingat Parker Senior High School. **Edna Florence Bernstein is headlibrarian at Temple Emanuel, NewYork City. ** Roy Metcalf has movedto Los Angeles, Calif. (1738 W. 42ndSt.)Fritz Crisler, ,'22, football coachfor Princeton, writes as follows aboutRalph Cannon's recent book, GridStar. Here is high praise from onewho knows whereof he speaks.HERE is a good sound footballyarn. Cannon knows hisbackground and can "say it." GridStar ought to help a lot of enthusiasts to watch the game more intelligently and to understand thepsychology of the men who play it.Cannon is just the man to write afootball story like this. As a sportswriter he has always been genuinelyinterested in what happens behindthe scenes in college athletics. I remember the questions he asked whenhe was first assigned by his paper tocover the University of Chicago teams. He would come in after practice and get the stuff on this playeror that. What sort of youngster washe? How would he stand up underfire? Why was he so good in this position? "Campus Canopy," his dailycolumn, was full of real inside humaninterest stories about Big Ten playersand coaches.That's what makes Grid Star technically sound. Winslow, the hero,learns from the coaches and playsreal football, and he plays it as aplayer would in real life. It is unusual to find a novel which can carryso much technical football withoutslowing up the drama of the story.As the coach says in the book,"Winslow is not just a great football player; he's a social phenomenon . . . that will not be repeated.He personifies football here. He doesfor football what Dempsey does forboxing, and Ruth for baseball."Perhaps I wouldn't be quite sorash in my statement, but Winslowis, of course, a player in a thousand.He is endowed with phenomenalfootball talent, and this talent isexploited by others in a manner thatrarely happens in college sport. Inthis sense, Winslow's experience isnot typical of the hundreds of boyswho are playing football today. Oncein a decade such a player appears andthe story of his heroic career makes agreat piece of dramatic writing.I repeat, Cannon has crowded alot of accurate football knowledgeinto Grid Star and in Winslow hehas a hero big enough and realenough to make the reader absorbthat knowledge.H. O. (Fritz) Crisler, '22Princeton University1921Belle C. Scofield talked on "Art'sOpportunity for Character Building" at the University of IllinoisHigh School Conference in November. Miss Scofield is serving on theCouncil and Editorial Board of theWestern Arts Association, is an active member of the Art Section ofthe State Association, A.A.U.W.,and of the Art Association of Indianapolis. She has spent the last twosummers in Province town, Mass.,painting in oils, with George ElmerBrown. ** Lucile Gillespie, who hasbeen teaching in South Carolina, willbe in Washington, D.C., this winter,as her father is Congressman of the17th District, Illinois. SCHOOLS— continuedMacCormac School ofCommerceBusiness Administration and SecretarialTrainingDAY AND EVENING CLASSESEnter Any Monday1170 E. 63rd St. H. P. 2130The Midway School6216 Kimbark Ave. Tel. Dorchester 3299Elementary Grades — Junior HighPreparation — KindergartenFrench, Dancing, Music and ArtBUS SERVICEA School with Individual Instruction and CulturalAdvantagesAlbert Teachers' Agency25 E. Jackson Blvd., Chicago535 Fifth Ave., New York415 Hyde Bldg., SpokaneA general Placement Bureau for men andwomen in all kinds of teaching positions.Large and alert College, and State Teachers' College departments for Doctors andMasters; Critics and Supervisors for Normals. Also many calls for Special teachersof Music, Art, Home Economics, BusinessAdministration, Correspondence Teaching.Fine opportunities in Secondary Schools.A host of best Suburban patrons for gradeand High School teachers. Read our booklet. Call.BUSINESSDIRECTORYARTISTS SUPPLIESEDWARD C BUNCK4645-47 South ParkwayPAINTS — GLASS — WALL PAPERArtist's MaterialsALL PHONES OAKLAND 0845Deliveries to All Parts of Chicago Suburbs AWNINGSPhones Oakland 0690—0691—0692¦ The'Old ReliableHyde Park Awning Co.,INCAwnings and Canopies for All Purposes4508 Cottage Grove AvenueAUCTIONEERSWILLIAMS, BARKER &SEVERN CO.Auctioneers and AppraisersPublic auctions on owner's premises or at oursalesroomsAccept on consignment the better quality of furniture, works of art, books, rugs, bric-a-brac, etc.We sell on commission or buy outrightOur specialty liquidating estates, libraries, etc.229 S. Wabash Ave. Phone Harrison 377782 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE AUTO LIVERYCHICAGO PETERSENMOTOR LIVERYLINCOLNSWith Experienced Chauffeurs5548 Lake Park Ave. MID way 0949AUTO SERVICE STATIONSWASHINGTON PARKSERVICE STATIONWe Appreciate Your Patronage5601-7 Cottage Grove Ave.Phone Dorchester 7113 BOOKSKrochs BookstoresBooks On All SubjectsIn Every LanguageAsk for Catalog, stating special interests206 N. Michigan AvenueCHICAGO BROKERSClark G. (Skee) Sauer 12WithJames E. Bennett & CompanyStocks — Bonds — Grain — CottonMembers: New York and ChicagoStock Exchanges, Chicago Board ofTrade, All Principal Markets.332 So. LaSal le St. Tel. Wabash 2740 CATERERSJOSEPH H. BIGGSFine Catering in all its branches50 East Huron StreetTel. Sup. 0900 Tel. Sup. 0901Quality and Service Since 7882CHEMICAL ENGINEERSAlbert K. Epstein, '12B. R. Harris, '21Epstein, Reynolds and HarrisConsulting Chemists and Engineers5 S. Wabash Ave. ChicagoTel. Cent. 4285 COALQUALITY COAL PRICED RIGHTLESTER COAL CO.4025 Wallace St., at 40th PlaceAll Phones: Yards 6464 1922Herbert O. Crisler— Tritz to us— ismaking a remarkable record as coachof the Princeton football team. Upto November 4 his team showed anunbroken line of victories. ** OliveDobbyn (Mrs. Harry E. Miller) is"putting her home economics intogood use on a husband and two huskylittle boys." The Millers are livingin Windsor, Ontario. ## MargaretheWenzinger reports a most pleasantsummer trip through the middlewest and along the St. Lawrence inCanada. She is taking work at theUniversity of Syracuse towards hermaster's degree this winter. **Louise H. John has retired fromteaching, after fifty-eight years ofcontinuous service. She is living inGalion, Ohio.1923Livingston Hall is an assistant professor of law at Harvard Law School,specializing in criminal law. **Gertrude Bissell (Mrs. Frederic B.Whitman) is living in Hannibal,Missouri. Her husband is connectedwith the C. B. 8c Q. railroad there.She has two children, Russell, four,and Harriet, "the baby." ** JoelH. George, AM'26, heads the department of astronomy and geologyat Bay City Junior College, Michigan.*# MrSm Jennie N. Phelps is principalof Yale and Brownell Schools, Chicago. *# Elsa Reinhardt is districtsuperintendent of the HaymarketDistrict of the United Charities ofChicago. *# Ruth Bedford teaches inthe French department at Oak ParkHigh School, Oak Park, 111.1926Elinor D. Ross is an art teacher atRoosevelt High School, Chicago.1927Margaret Davis is educationaldirector of the Dayton Art Institute.She writes, "I am enjoying my workvery much, having my desk in theChildren's Room, where three sunnywindows, a cage full of finches, another of parakeets, and a big talkative macaw on a perch (uncaged andunchained) make the place seem unlike the usual idea of an artmuseum." *# John Yarkovsky wasawarded the master's degree fromWestern Reserve University thisJune. He writes that his Church,the Mizpah Congregational Churchof Cleveland, is celebrating its 25thanniversary this month, with much eclat. #* Mrs. Almira Martin, AM' 30,is an instructor at the Universityof Utah, Salt Lake City. **Catherine Anne Roherty is a district superintendent for the UnitedCharities of Chicago. ** LouiseDuncan (Mrs. J. B. Carson) isteaching English at BroughtonHigh School, Raleigh, N. C. **/. Fredrick Burgh is businessmanager and athletic director ofNorth Park College, Chicago.1931George Morgenstern, it seems, cannot escape his public even by graduation. The following item concerninghis affairs is gleaned from a recentDaily Maroon."In the olden, golden days beforethe new plan, Bob Hutchins, andthe jingle bells in the Chapel Towerone of the best known local smartieswas George Morgenstern."Even though he affected themusty, cloistered atmosphere ofHitchcock Hall, George was a high-powered activity boy; twice editor ofthe Phoenix (the profits then weregood enough to permit him to sportA. Starr Best haberdashery), Marooncolumnist, author of a Blackfriarshow, University Marshal, Phi BetaKappa, Alpha Delta Phi— that's hispedigree."James Weber Linn, in an expansive moment, even said of him. IfI had George Morgens tern's brains,I'd have amounted to something.'The professor didn't overestimatethe youngster's ability. Morgensternsince he graduated in 1928 and leftHitchcock for what he then thoughtwas forever, has been with the Herald-Examiner where he has a contract unique in the annals of Chicago journalism."He's tried living in Oak Park, onthe north shore, but home is wherethe heart is: George has moved backto Hitchcock."John T. Bobbitt, formerly editorof The Circle, and intellectual lightof his class, is now pursuing graduatestudies at the University.1932Warren Thompson and EdgarGoldsmith, both avowed journalistsduring their residence in the University, are realizing their ambitionsin the publicity business in the Loop.# * Fritz Leiber is back on the quadrangles, working towards a doctor'sdegree in philosophy. He can't keepTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 83out of dramatics, however, even as agraduate student, and recently indulged his taste for the stage by appearing as Francisco in the ChicagoPlayers' production of Hamlet atInternational House.1933John Pratt recently presented anexhibition of over thirty water colorsat the Increase Robinson Gallery at540 North Michigan Avenue. TheChicago Tribune and the Chicagofierald and Examiner praised his efforts and Thornton Wilder callshim: "An artist, brilliantly American, already mature, and of a complete distinction." And Wilder isnot given to idle flattery! ## MiriamLouise Church is a student at theNorthwest Institute of MedicalTechnology, at Minneapolis. #*Charles Newton, Student Publisherin his senior year, is now punching a Western Union keyboard. #*Rube Frodin, armed with a scholarship in the English department, isout for higher degrees at the University. ** Jerome-not-to-say-JerryJ on try is with the Harris Trust andSavings Bank of Chicago, and so, forthat matter, are Robert Balsley andGene Beisil. ## Ralph Webster andJohn T. Holloway are back in Chicago after looking Europe over prettythoroughly last summer. ** BionHoward is an assistant furniturebuyer, in the Loop, but manages tokeep in touch with affairs of state atInternational House. *# Dick Jackson is alleged to have returned to atown in Arkansas incredibly namedParagould. ## Bill Heaton, after afine start in the bond business, hada serious setback with an attack ofappendicitis. He is recovering nicelynow, however. *# Ross Whitney iswith Bauer and Black in Chicago. **Jim Porter is at Washburn College,Topeka, Kansas. ## Hap Sulcer andKeith Parsons are both in the lawschool at the University. Sulcer hada busy summer in command of the"Quick, Henry, the Flit" troop at theFair.MASTERS1911Albert Z. Mann, AM, is serving asActing Dean of the InternationalY.M.C.A. College, during the illnessof Dean Seerley. Mann is Chairmanof the Commission on Revision ofthe Curriculum at the College. 1916Elmer B. Brown, AM, is an associate professor of education at theState Teachers College at Warrens-burg, Mo.1917Samuel G. A. Rogers, AM, is professor of French at the University ofWisconsin.1920W. B. Parks, SM, teaches chemistryat Kansas State Teachers College,Pittsburg, Kans.1922Elsie Wolcott, AM, (Mrs. Tre-mayne Hay den) is senior case workerwith Irving Park Station of the Unemployment Relief Service, Chicago.1924Wilber Emmert, AM, director ofvisual instruction at State TeachersCollege, Indiana, Pa., spoke on"What Minimum Realia May Be Assembled at Little or No Cost toSchool Districts for Junior andSenior High School Sciences" at themeeting of the Department of VisualInstruction of the N.E.A. this summer. Emmert is sponsor of thealumni group at Indiana. ## E.Edward Scott, AM, is principal ofthe Gratiot School of St. Louis, Mo.1925Dorothy C. Stratton, AM, has beenappointed dean of women at Purdue.She will also teach psychology in thedepartment of education.1926Jesse leRoy Miller, AM, is therecently appointed Director of Education and Rehabilitation at theState House of Correction andBranch Prison at Marquette, Mich.He was head of the history department at Negaunee High School,Negaunee, Mich., previous to his appointment. ** Asa K. Hepperly is anagricultural agent for the C.B. and Q.Railroad.1928/. Stanley Castell, AM, is principalof Scott Consolidated High School,at Howe, Indiana. Last summer heand Mrs. Castell enjoyed a tripabroad.1929John Halko, AM, is the new Director of the West End Community CONTRACTORSRALPH RENWICKBuilding and General Alterations540 PhoneN. Michigan Ave. Sup. 4072 CUTLERYKRAUT & DOHNALHIGH GRADECUTLERYWe Grind Anything that NeedsAn Edge325 S. CLARK ST.PHONE WEBSTER 7360 ELEVATORSReliance Elevator Co.PASSENGER AND FREIGHTELEVATORSFor Every Purpose2I2 W. Austin Ave. ChicagoFENCESAnchor Post Fence Co.Ornamental Iron — Chain LinkRustic WoodFences for Campus, Tennis Court, Estate,Suburban Home or Industrial PlantFree Advisory Service and Estimates Furnished646 N. Mich gan Blvd Superior I367FISHJ. A. DAVIS FISH CO.Specialize in Supplying Hotels,Restaurants, Hospitals, Institutions.Fresh Caught Direct From the Fisherman2II N. Union Ave.Phone Haymarket I495Phones: Plaza 6444, 6445I63I East 55th Street84 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEFOODSFOODPRODUCTS Durand-McNeil-HornerCompany251 to 315E. GrandAve.' Chicago, III.Superior .9560FRUIT AND VEGETABLESCOHEN and COMPANYWholesaleFruit — Vegetables — Poultry211 South Water MarketPhones Haymarket 0808 to 0816GARAGEUniversity Auto GarageCo.16 Years of Dependable ServiceWe Call For and Deliver Your CarTelephone Hyde Park 4599II69 East 55th StreetHOTELS"Famous for Food"Dancing and EntertainmentNightlyCircular CRYSTAL Barthe BREVOORT hotel120 W. Madison St. ChicagoLAUNDRIESADAMSLAUNDRY CO2335 Indiana Ave.Superior Hand WorkOdorless Dry CleaningTelephoneCalumet 3565THEBEST LAUNDRY andCLEANING COMPANYALL SERVICESWe Also DoDry Cleaning — Shoe Repairing- 4240 PhoneIndiana Ave. OAK land I383Standard Laundry Co.Linen Supply — Wet WashFinished WorkI8I8 South Wabash Ave.Phone Calumet 4700 House in Boston. He left the position of assistant director of theBrooks House of Christian Service atHammond, Ind., to take up thiswork. *# Erna Grassmuck gave anaddress on "Enrichment of LeisureThrough Geography" at the WesternPennsylvania Education AssociationConference at Pittsburgh in October.She also presided at the NationalGeographic Society Conference inChicago, in July. ## Clinton M. File,AM, of State Teachers College,Indiana, Penna., spoke on BusinessMathematics and Bookkeeping atthe Commercial Education Association meeting at Pittsburgh, Penna.,this fall.1930Marion B. Smith, AM, (Mrs.George H. O'Brien) is a psychiatricsocial worker at the Illinois Institutefor Juvenile Research. Mr. O'Brien,'28, JD'30, is practicing law in Chicago. #* Ralph Everett Smiley, SM,is interning at Lakeside Hospital atCleveland, Ohio. He received hisMD degree at Western Reserve University last summer.1931Minnie E. Larson, AM, teaches artat the State Teachers College atKearney, Nebr. DOCTORSOF PHILOSOPHY1896Herbert L. Willett celebrated hisfiftieth anniversary in the ministry,this November. He is pastor of theKenilworth Union Church in Chicago. He has been connected withthe University ever since its opening,through his interest in orientallanguages and literatures; "TheBible Through the Centuries" and"The Jew Through the Centuries"are his two most recent publications.1904Laetitia M. Snow is chairman ofthe department and professor ofbotany at Wellesley College. Hermost recent publication is a series ofpapers on the bacterial flora of thesand dunes. ## Elizabeth KemperAdams, having retired from activeprofessional work, is devoting hertime to writing. She is living at Conway, Mass.1909Herbert Francis Evans, DB'oy, professor of religious education at thePacific School of Religion, is on sabbatical leave, and is spending thetime in Chicago.(Continued from page 69)ideal of controlled and rhythmic lifeinvolves a preliminary liberationfrom the bonds of superstition andprejudice. Critically, therefore, hehas been attracted toward artisticspirits, like Casanova and Whitman,who have liberated themselves fromthe master-inhibitions of their contemporaries; or angry prophets, likeIbsen or Nietzsche, denouncing thesnares of conventional and sterilemorality; or men like Tolstoi or St.Francis, who have carried out theirvision of life in startlingly directaction.Critical radicalism is observable inthe scattered critical writings of Bernard Shaw. As artist and thinker,Shaw has held that literature shouldserve some moral or social end, andin his espousal of Brieux and in hiscampaign in the Saturday Reviewagainst the moribund drama of thelate nineteenth century, he shows hiseagerness for socially useful literature. Though Shaw's wit and his tactical ingenuity make his enthusiasms for really dead* issues still inspiring,his impatience with merely aestheticconsiderations relegates his criticalwork to one of the bypaths of literarycritical history.The final impression left by contemporary British criticism is ofbrilliant and individual achievements in a morass of impressionism,on the verge of a dead sea of indifference to general aesthetic considerations. There is little or no awarenessof schools or the significance ofcreeds; instead, critical individualism,occasionally of a very high, but morefrequently of a low and trivial order,flourishes. Contemporary Englandneeds great critics; it has not yet beenable to produce one.These Poets are AlumniOdell Shepard, '07, PhM'08Bertha Ten Eyck James, '24, AM'26Jessica Nelson North, '21George Dillon, "27Gwendolyn Haste, '12THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 851911Arno B. Luckhardt, '06, SM'09,MD '12 professor of physiology at theUniversity of Chicago, was recentlyhonored with the presidency of theAmerican Physiological Society, andwas granted an honorary LLD degree by Conception College. He isan honorary Fellow of the AmericanCollege of Dentists. In October hewas made president of the International Anesthesia Research Society.1913Wilson L. Miser, professor ofmathematics at Vanderbilt University, is in charge of mathematics forengineering students.1923Mark Watkins Tapley, '20, is assistant executive vice president atE. R. Squibb and Sons, New York.1926Ernest Wiesle, '24, AM'25, DB'26,is chairman of the Religious Education Council for Springfield, andDean of the Community School ofReligion for this year.1927/. Barton Hoag, assistant professorin physics at the University of Chicago, is back at Ryerson again, aftera six months honeymoon in Europe.Mrs. Hoag was Patricia Gillis, '30.1928Charles S. Barrett is a physicist atthe Carnegie Institute of Technology. ** Franc L. McCluer is thenewly inaugurated president of Westminster College, Fulton, Mo.1931Stuart R. Tompkins is associateprofessor of history at the Universityof Oklahoma.1932Edward J. Webster has succeededFranc L. McCluer (now president ofthe Westminster College) as professor of sociology and economics atthat institution.1933Hazel E. Foster, AM'29, BD'32,heads the department of EnglishBible at Presbyterian College ofChristian Education, Chicago. Sheis also Dean of the College. LAW1918Homer Hoyt, JD, is the author of"One Hundred Years of Land Valuesin Chicago," a series of studies sponsored by the Chicago Title and TrustCompany. In this volume, Hoyttraces the fantastic rise in land valuesin the suburbs and business sectionsof Chicago, as the transportationfacilities developed and made suburban homes possible for Chicagoans."The Skokie Valley, covered with avast expanse of water in wet seasons,and with its great Indian Counciltree that measured thirty-nine feet incircumference and was 129 feet high,saw its waterway wastes spanned byrapid transit lines that raised its landvalues from $10.00 to $5000.00 andmore an acre." Such are the tales Mr.Hoyt tells of the growth of Chicago.1919LeRoy Campbell, '16, JD, is a candidate for Justice of the MunicipalCourt, gth District, Manhattan, NewYork. He has been Chief Counsel ofthe Voluntary Defenders Committeeof the Legal Aid Society since 1927,and has been active in social welfarework. He is a member of the Executive Committee of the New YorkUniversity of Chicago Club.1920James R. Bryant, JD, has been appointed Master in Chancery of theSuperior Court of Cook County. Heis in general practice at 135 S.LaSalle St., Chicago, associated withJames A. Daley. ## Samuel P. Gur-man, '19, JD, has severed his lawpartnership with Congressman A. J.Sabath, and is now associated withformer Chief Justice Harry Olson,under the firm name of Olson, Gur-man and Lindskog, 10 S. LaSalle St.,Chicago.1933Peter Chamales, '31, JD, has beenappointed attorney for the federalpublic works department in Washington, D. C, by Secretary of theInterior Ickes. Chamales was president of Phi Alpha Delta, law fraternity, at Chicago.School of Social ServiceAdministrationMembers of the faculty of theSchool of Social Service Administration who attended the joint con- L1THOGRAPHINGL C Mead '21 E. J. Chalifoux '22PHOTOPRESS, INC.Planograph — Offset — Printing725 So. LaSalle St.Wabash 8182 MONUMENTSPhone Monroe 5058 Established 1889C CILELLA & SONMONUMENTS AND MAUSOLEUMSRock of Ages and Guardian MemorialsWe Erect Work Anywhere723-25 W. Taylor StreetMUSIC PUBLISHERSMcKINLEY MUSIC CO.1501-15 E. 55th St. CHICAGOPOPULAR AND STANDARDMUSIC PRINTERS AND ENGRAVERSMusical Settings — Compositions ArrangedPublishers of McKinley Edition of 20 cent MusicSTANDARD - CLASSICAL - TEACHING PAINTINGGEORGE ERHARDTand SONS, Inc.Painting— Decorating — Wood Finishing3123 PhoneLake Street Kedzie 3186PAINTING AND DECORATINGEMIL C. ERICKSEN & CO.Painting and DecoratingDraperies — UpholsteringFurniture Refinishing6830 Cottage Grove Ave.Phones Dorchester 3584-5RADIO-PLUMBINGA. J. F. Lowe & Son1217 East 55th StreetPlumbing — Refrigeration — RadioSales and ServiceDay Phones Mid. 0782-0783Night Phones Mid. 9295-Oakland 1131RESTAURANTSChicago's Most Unique RestaurantB AN Z A I'SWhere Stars and Celebrities Meet6325 Cottage Grove Ave.American and Oriental CuisineOrders Delivered Hot at No Extra ChargeA Steak at Banzai 's IS a SteakPhone DOR. 09l786 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINERESTAURANTS-continuedLuncheon — Tea — DinnerGreen Shutter Tea Shop5650 Kenwood Ave."Remember it's smart to dineat the Green Shutter —It's Different"The Best Place to Eat on the South SideWketp*.COLONIAL TEA ROOM6324 Woodlawn Ave.Restaurant 1423 E. 62nd StreetRIDINGMidway Riding Academy6037 Drexei AvenueExpert InstructorsBeautiful Bridle Path and Good HorsesUniversity of Chicago RidingHeadquartersMidway 9571 Phone Dorchesterk804lROOFINGGrove Roofing Co.(Gilliland)Old Roofs Repaired— New Roofs Put On22 Years at 6644 Cottage Grove Ave.Lowest Prices — Estimates FreeFairfax 3206RUG CLEANERSHAAKER & HENTSCHORIENTAL - :- DOMESTICRug and Carpet CleanersUpholstering and Refinishing5165 State St. Oakland 1212SADDLERYW. J. WYMANManufacturer, Importer and Dealer inHigh Grade Saddles, Polo Goods, Etc.Chicago Riding Club Building628McClurg CourtLake Forest Store210-212 Westminster Ave., EastTelephone Superior 8801SMELTINGU. S. WANTS GOLDDiscarded Old Jewelry, Dental Gold, BrokenWatches, etc Redeemed for Cash, Dependable and Courteous Service Management of42 years' experience. Old, established andresponsible. Bring or send direct. Don't sellto strangers WE EMPLOY NO SOLICITORS.U. S. SMELTING WORKS(The Old Reliable)39 So. State St., Cor. Monroe, 4th Floor ference of Illinois and Wisconsin onthe New Century in Welfare, takingpart in the program, during its fourday session in Chicago last monthincluded Dean Edith Abbott,PhD'o5, Professor Sophonisba Breckinridge, PhM'gy, PhD'oi, JD'04, Associate Professor Elizabeth S. Dixon,who gave the study course in theFundamentals of Case Work, Associate Professor Ruth Emerson, whogave the study course in HealthProblems in Social Work, and Assistant Professor Charlotte Towle,who conducted a study course in theFundamentals of : Child Life. Associate Professor Mollie Ray Carroll,'n, AM'15, PhD'so, presided at theSection on Industrial and EconomicProblems. Associate Professor Harrison A. Dobbs was the speaker atthe meeting of the Illinois Chapterof the American Association ofSocial Workers. Many former students and graduates of the Schoolwere present at this important meeting and also on the program. DeanAbbott was also one of the speakersat the Nebraska State Conference ofSocial Work in Lincoln last month.BACHELORSEdwina Meaney Lewis, '25, is incharge of the Unemployment ReliefDivision of the Cook County Bureauof Public Welfare, which cares forapproximately 125,000 families. *#Helen Riddick, '28, (Mrs. WalterWilson) is now Assistant Director ofthe Arkansas State Relief. ## GerardPrice, '32, formerly associated withthe Clearing House for Men hasrecently accepted a position as Director of Transient Work with theKansas State Relief Commission.MASTERSAle ta Brownlee, AM'30, has beenappointed Assistant to the Directorof the California UnemploymentRelief. ** Carol McDowell, AM'32,is now Assistant Director of theKansas State Relief Commission,having been temporarily releasedfrom the Joint Service Bureau forChildren's Institutions. ## FrankGlick, AM'30, is Assistant Directorof the Illinois Emergency ReliefCommission, and Effie Doan, '24, iswith the same organization, asDirector of Social Service Down-state. #* Students who received theMaster's degree at the August, 1933,Convocation and their present posi tions include the following: FayeEllen Bates has accepted a positionas County Social Work Director ofTazewell County, Illinois; NathanBerman is continuing as case workerat the Jewish Social Service Bureau;Aileen Kennedy has taken a positionwith the Cuyahoga County ReliefAdministration in Cleveland, Ohio;Helen Larrabee has been appointedmedical social worker in the SocialService Department of MichaelReese Hospital; Louise BrooksPowers has continued as MedicalSocial Worker in the OrthopedicHospital and University of ChicagoClinics; Adelia Smith and RuthKyrk Strine are now with the CookCounty Bureau of Public Welfare ascase workers.DOCTORS OFPHILOSOPHYArlien Johnson, '30, has been appointed Assistant Director of theWashington State Relief Commission. *# Elizabeth Wisner, '29, hasbeen made a member of the StateEmergency Relief Board of Louisiana.ENGAGED1931Robert J. Graf, '31, to KathrynCollins, '35, of Chicago. Mr. Graf isstudying for a master's degree in history at the University at present.MARRIED1925Kathryn Huber, '25, to W. E.Wainwright, June 26, 1933, Marietta,Ohio.Irving G. Moore, 25, to MarthaDunlap, October 19, 1933, Flossmoor,111. At home, 5414 Ridgewood Court,Chicago. Mr. Moore is a featurewriter for the Florist's Review.1927Masaji Marumoto, '27, to ShigekoOzu, September 23, 1933, Honolulu.Mr. Marumoto is a practicing attorney in Honolulu.1928Rob Roy MacGregor, '28, to Margaret C. Smith, of Montclair, NewJersey, October 28, 1933, at the LittleChurch Around the Corner, NewYork City. At home, 192 ClairmontAve., Montclair, N. J.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 87Dorothy Rubovits, '28, to NathanL. Blitzsten, '14, MD '16, Nov. 5, 1932,Chicago; 257 E. Delaware Place, Chicago.1930May Happy Friend, '30, to RabbiAbram Vossen Goodman, October31, i933> at home, Cumberland, Md.1932Paul F. Coe, '32, to Evelyn Eseman,of Maywood, September 24, 1933, atThorndike Hilton Chapel; at home801 So. 21st Avenue, Maywood.Eleanor J. Frank, '32, to Sanford R.Schwartz, 1933; at home, 3270 LakeShore Drive, Chicago.1933Alice Friend, '33, to Leon S. Newton, October 31, 1933; at home,Brookline, Mass.Charles O. Evanson, MD'33, toLouise M. Case, of Belle Plaine,Iowa, June 13, 1933; at home, 107Willow Road, Elmhurst, 111.BORN1912To James E. Dymond, '12, andMrs. Dymond (Ellen McNeish, '11)a daughter, Edith Robertson, September 21, 1933, Frankfort, Mich.1918To George H. McDonald, '18,JD'20, and Mrs. McDonald, a son,George H., Jr., April 23, 1933, R°c^Island, 111.1921To Eugene H. Ferguson, '21,MD'24, and Mrs. Ferguson (Elizabeth Brunig, '20) a daughter, EugeniaLouise, May 2, 1933, Kansas City,Mo.1922To Mr. and Mrs. Leonard A.Diether (Mina Morrison, '22) adaughter, Jean Ann, October 4, 1933,Pasadena, Calif.To Mr. and Mrs. Harry E. Miller(Olive Dobbyn, '22) a son, RichardHarry, July 26, 1933, at Windsor,Ontario, Canada.1926To Mr. and Mrs. Edwin B. Lindsay (Elizabeth Stewart, '26) a son,James Edwin, April 14, 1933, Davenport, Iowa. 1927To /. Barton Hoag, PhD' 27, andMrs. Hoag (Patricia Gillis, '30) ason, Robert Gillis, July 12, 1933.1928To William O. McLane, MD'28,and Mrs. McLane (Evelyn GruhlkeMcLane, MD'30) a daughter, BeverlyJean, July 5, 1933, at Sleepy Eye,Minn.To Dr. H. F. Meyer, MD'28, andMrs. Meyer, a daughter, Maxine,January 21, 1933, Chicago.1931To Russell L. Palm, '31, and Mrs.Palm, a daughter, Janet Elizabeth,June 14, 1933, La Porte, Ind.DIED1887William Fuller, MD'8y, October*5> 1933' Chicago, 111.1901Mary Elisabeth Mathews, '01,SM'02, August 2, 1933, Gainesville,Ohio.Julius Holler, '01, February 28,1933, Davenport, Iowa.1908Walter Owen Webber, AM' 08,May 13, 1933, Salt Lake City, Utah.Mr. Webber had been head of thedepartment of political science atWestminster College in that city forfive years.Edna Yondorf, '08, (Mrs. SimonLazarus) November 1, 1933, atColumbus, Ohio.1911Ralph E. Carter, AM' 11, October10, 1933, Indianapolis.Harold D. Arnold, PhD' 11, July10, 1933, Summit, New Jersey.1921Eleanor A. Groman, '21, (Mrs.Joseph John Day) 1933.1924James E. McCarthy, SM'24,MD'26, October 26, 1933, HubbardWoods, 111. Dr. McCarthy was amember of the staff of the HighlandPark and St. Francis Hospitals.1927Joel R. Stokes, '27, October 6, 1933,Menard, 111. STOCKS AND BONDSP. H. Davis, 'II H. I. Markham, 'Ex/06R. W. Davis, 16 W. M. Giblin, '23F. B. Evans, 'IIPaul H. Davis & Co.MembersNew York Stock ExchangeChicago Stock Exchange37 So. LaSalle St. Franklin 8622TEACHERS AGENCIESTHE YATES-FISHERTEACHERS AGENCYEstablished 1906PAUL YATES, Manager616-620 South Michigan Ave.ChicagoUNDERTAKERSBARBOUR & GUSTINUNDERTAKERS4141 Cottage Grove Ave.PHONE DREXEL 0510LUDLOW-SCHNEIDERFUNERAL DIRECTORSFine Chapel with New Pipe OrganSEDAN AMBULANCETel. Fairfax 286161 10 Cottage Grove Ave.Sk eeles - • BiddleFuneral D irectorsFairfax 0120Sixty- Third Street and Evans Ave.UPHOLSTERINGDERK SMIT & CO,Interior DecoratorsFurniture and DraperiesUPHOLSTERINGand Refinishing6830 Cottage Grove Ave.Phones Dorchester 3584-5-6VENTILATINGThe Haines CompanyVentilating Contractors1929-1937 West Lake St.Phones Seeley 2765-2766-2767UNDERGRADUATETHE undergraduate of this year findshimself thrust into a confusing whirlpoolof transition. This transition has beenmainly caused by the dominance for the firsttime of undergraduates under the new plan overthose under the old plan. There have been manychanges in the nature of established traditions andconstitutions, now outworn, of extra-curricularactivities. Even fraternities have felt the need foradjustment to the obvious change and have already started to enlarge their scope so as toinclude interests of an intellectual nature.The senior class of this year, the last of theold guard, can no longer flaunt class lines in theface, of those supposedly less advanced scholas-tically, for several of the new plan juniors intendto graduate this spring while one new planjunior, Georg Mann, will probably receive hisdegree this winter after only two and one halfyears of residence. This same Mann was the firstundergraduate under the new plan to begraduated from the college. He completed thenormally two-year course in four quarters. So theseniors find themselves out-moded. They are thelast University products of outgrown teachingmethods.Late in November, on a brisk, chilly Thursday, one hundred and thirty-nine seniors casttheir ballots to elect the president of their class.Wayne Rapp, a "C" man in football and thecandidate of Owl and Serpent, the senior men'shonor society, was overwhelmingly elected whenhe received seventy-four per cent of all the votescast. Rapp will doubtless be the last president ofa senior class at the University, for class lines willhave become non-existent by next year. Therewill only remain a distinction between those inthe college and those in the divisions. It is quitepossible that, in the future, general electionswill be held by each of these groups.A new plan junior, John Barden, is editor ofthe Daily Maroon; the Maroon changed its constitution last year to permit the considerationof candidates after six quarters of Maroon service. The University Dramatic Association intends to follow this example by changing itsconstitution before the annual spring elections.The swimming team has a junior, Dan Glomset, TRENDS• By CHARLES TYROLER 2nd, '35as its captain and it is probable that juniors willcaptain other teams in the future, providing thatthey prove superior to candidates farther advanced scholastically.It would be hypocritical to say that undergraduates have not been disappointed in themediocre showing of the football team; for theyhave been disappointed and make no effort toconceal their feelings. The Maroon ' 'mysteryteam" had been over-rated; that is becoming onlytoo apparent. But the undergraduate body, nowthat the first bitter pangs of defeat have beenexperienced, is starting to rationalize the situation. They recognize now that great teams cannot be built in a year, that Chicago's materialis not of the best and that this year's aggregationis nevertheless superior to many recent ones.The night before the Purdue defeat, thousandsof students marched and rode two miles througha drizzling rain to demonstrate their support ofClark Shaughnessy and his charges. After themarch, a monster pep session was held in MandelHall in the greatest revival of school spirit seenon the quadrangles in the past seven years. Itwas good to see but inevitably short-lived. Theglaring whitewash on the streets, "Beat Purdue!"mocked us Monday. We were, I am afraid, almost ashamed of our enthusiasm.The band has attempted to replace "WaveThe Flag" with a song called "Chicago We'reTrue To You." This attempted substitution hasnot met with general approval. The band, although still pushing "Chicago We're True ToYou" at every opportunity, has been forced tore-include "Wave The Flag" in its repertoire bydint of adverse undergraduate and alumni feeling towards its exclusion. Undergraduates feltthat they could ill-afford to dispense with anothertradition; too many had already vanished.The "Cap and Gown" is again to be published,by a group of new plan juniors, after a dormancyperiod of one year. Considerable lethargy hasbeen noticed in student support of this publication. It literally has to be crammed down theirthroats. It seems almost unbelievable that nodesire exists for a college annual at Chicago, butthat is quite apparently the case. We deplore thesituation but not without understanding.in the house*s K^2\f&*to""^e to be without a-U would be a hardship fa--^ ^ up to, .s Each evening, y°usee' . day»telephone. Each rightestgpotlnmy ychat with me-T^11 ^ * 1' TTbe awM without a tele-.Mother, wouldn t *^ ^ ^ coine forthe party it we " TZd the telephone and"••^3i:f:tL-fa,-xdo.tcalled the doctor^ ^ to Dori."k„ow what would hanThere are many fine things in life that we take almostfor granted. Health, water, sunlight, green fields, loyalfriends, a home to live in. . . . Not until some mischancedeprives us of these priceless possessions do we learnto esteem them at their true value.It is in much the same manner that most people regard the telephone. Millions of men and women havenever known what it is to be without one. Each day,each week, each year, they use it freely, casually, asa matter of course.The telephone has won an important place for itself in life and living because of service rendered. Tokeep friend in constant touch with friend, to helpmanage a household smoothly and efficiently, to givelarger scope and opportunity to business of every kind,to protect loved ones in time of unexpected danger. . . this is the task of the telephone.It stands ever ready to serve you — to carry yourvoice and your words to any one of millions of othertelephones in this country or in foreign lands. Youare in touch with everything and everybody when youhave a telephone.AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANYgarettes\Jf all the waysin which tobacco is usedthe cigarette is themildest formYOU know, ever since the Indians found out the pleasureof smoking tobacco, there havebeen many ways of enjoying it.But of all the ways in whichtobacco is used, the cigarette isthe mildest form.Everything that money canbuy and everything that Scienceknows about is used to makeChesterfields. The tobaccos areblended and cross-blended theright way — the cigarettes aremade right — the paper is right.There are other good cigarettes,of course, but Chesterfield isthe cigarette that's milderthe cigarette that tastes betterm n^P(^ykesterfield© 1933, Liggett & Myers Tobacco Co. ~J%jeM^CtWKi/. .just try them