ThE UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO MAGAZINEN O V E M B E(Ibc minivers it^ of ChicagolibrariesGIFT OFTALK FOR TRAINSOn a track near Schenectady, a few weeks ago,several visiting trade-journalists sat in a test car.From a loudspeaker in this car came a runningstream of information. The voice was that of a G-Eengineer in a "station" a half-mile down the track.Sample remarks:"Believing that we could help railroads to speed themovement of freight trains, G1E. has now producedthis device — a new system of communication.It's not radio, but, in principle, direct telephony.It's a distant cousin of the carrier-current communication that power companies use. They talk overthe power lines; we use the rails, plus any wire linealong the track. Now, the man in the caboose cantalk with the man in the cab. It also works betweentrains up to 5 miles apart, and between trains andstations. Loudspeaker reception overcomes thetrain noises. Can you hear me all right?" They could.Dr. Ernst Alexanderson, a G-E Consulting Engineer, is responsible for this development. He is a1900 graduate of the Kungliga Tekniska Hogskolan,Stockholm, Sweden. Incidentally, a partial indication of his versatility in engineering design will befound in the U.S. Patent Office, through which hehas been granted more than 200 patents.LIBRARIESA RONTGEN WARRIORFor the doctors who are waging continuous warfareagainst the dread, lurking specter of cancer, G-Eresearch men believe they have provided anothershining sword. Again they have produced the mostpowerful x-ray tube ever built — this time, forcontinuous operation in practical cancer therapy us News/at the Mercy Hospital, Chicago. Dr. E. E. Charlton,Grinnell College, '13, is the man who directed theproduction of this tube.The giant tube (brother under the glass to those inyour radio) measures more than 14 feet in length, israted 800,000 volts, will treat patients in a fractionof the time required by the last "most powerful"one, has x-ray radiation equivalent to $75,000,000worth of radium (if there is that much!) and needs20 gallons of Lake Michigan's coldest water everyminute to keep cool.It's a pleasure to make good motors and good lamps.It's a greater pleasure to help alleviate human ills —all in the line of duty! More tubes are on the way.SMOKE IN THE EYEAn eye in the stack is worth two on the ground.So thought G-E engineers as they finished mullingover the smoke -nuisance problem of power andheating plants.A light source and a photoelectric -relay unit wereinstalled in stacks in Chicago and New Jersey.They are so arranged that when the stack is clear,light falls on the phototube; a meter or recordinginstrument registers zero smoke density. As thedensity increases, the phototube receives less lightand indicates an increase in density. An adjustableelectric contact is provided to operate an alarm.(A running record of the amount of smoke passedup the stack could be obtained by adding a recorder.)Thus, the "electric-eye," which is not affected bycinders and is never closed in sleep, has foundanother way to be of service.Two G-E engineers, W. R. King and Pieter Juchter,developed this new smoke-density indicator. King isa '28 graduate of the U. of Kentucky, and J^RjJuchter a '24 graduate of the EidgenossischeTechnische Hochschule, Zurich, Switzerland.WEDOOURftMtr96-4DHGENERAL f| ELECTRIC107114BTHE UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO MAGAZINEPUBLISHED BY THE ALUMNI COUNCILRuth C. E. Earnshaw, '31Associate EditorCharlton T. Beck, '04Editor and Business ManagerFred B. Millett, PhD '31, William V. Morgenstern, '20, JD '22, John P. Howe, '27,Contributing EditorsMilton E. Robinson, Jr., '11, JD '13, Ethel Preston, '08, AM 'io, PhD '20, Donald Bean, '17,Editorial BoardN THIS ISSUETHE Magazine celebrates itsquarter - centennial by achange in size and vestment.After years of conservatism theCouncil, with surprising unanimity,decided to increase the size of thetype page and settled upon a formatthat offers maximum possibilities ofvariety and economy, while permitting a flexibility in layout not to beobtained on the smaller page.While there is no desire to emulatethe popular news stand magazines ineither form or content, a larger typeface of modern design has beenadopted, and a touch of color brightens the cover. *Should the new Magazine meetwith approval, much of the creditshould be given William A. Kittredgeof the R. R. Donnelley and SonsCompany, and Herman J. Baumanof the University of Chicago Press,for their advice in typographical matters, and to Rudolph Franz for thecover design.Should the new format fail toplease, the editors alone are responsible, and it is to— or at— them thatall criticisms and suggestions shouldbe directed.* * *On our cover we bring you a likeness of the President of the University, in academic gown, patientlyawaiting the next Convocation.* * *Our Washington correspondentsassure us that the busiest man at theCapitol is Harold LeClaire Ickes. Itis not to be wondered at that we feela certain satisfaction, not to say elation, at offering our readers a first hand story from the Secretary of the Homer Price Rainey, AM '23, PhDInterior, telling of the plans and ac- '24, President of Bucknell Univer-complishments of the Federal Public sity, contributes the first of a seriesWorks Administration over which of articles by college presidents-he presides. -* alumni of the University. In the* * * two years since he was called to theMany a page could be written of presidency of Bucknell from Frank-Jane Addams and her work. With lin College, President Rainey has in-full recognition of his own limita- augurated in the local field manytions as a biographer, the Editor of the cultural projects outlined inpassed on the assignment to our own The Arts in the Liberal Arts College.Teddy Linn, who has known "Aunt * * *Jane" or at any rate been known by James W. Young was made amem-"Aunt Jane" for fifty-eight years, °er of the University faculty somecome the eleventh of next May. It tnree years ago, after attaining anis a rare privilege to have James international reputation in the fieldWeber for an introducer and a rarer of advertising. He has all the cul-privilege to have Jane Addams for ture and dignity of an academician,a contributor. but his intimates in the advertisingbusiness still call him "Jrm-" A vice— president and director of the J.TABLE OF CONTENTS Walter Thompson Company, Mr.NOVEMBER 1933 Young has served as president of the'page American Association of AdvertisingSpending Three Billion, Harold L. Ickes. 3 Agencies, and has written a book onIntroducing Jane Addams, Advertising Agency Compensation.James Weber Linn 7 w ^ . _ * * ; *.~ Harry Gideonse joined the Uni-Gur National Self-Righteousness, . . £ TJane Addams 8 VerS1^ ^^ in ^°' COmm§ £r°m_ A T . Rutgers, where he had attained aThe Arts in the Liberal Arts College, . ...Homer Rainey lt reputation as an inspiring teacher ofWhat Price Stab^ty? undergraduates. At Chicago he hasHarry D. Gideonse 14 added t0 that rePutatlon. Born andt, t>. . . reared in Holland, he was twentyThe Race for Armaments in Advertis- ,. , I ;ing, James W. Young 20 yearS °f a§e be£ore coming toRadio Calendar 23 Americia; wherf he matriculated at.„ „ Columbia, graduating from the Col-Book Review 24 , . , . . , . , ,T , lege in 1923, and winning his Mas-In My Opinion 25 teJ>s degree a year j^ After aNews of the Quadrangles. 28 fim fling in the fidd o£ chemistry heAthletics 33 chose economics as his life work. HeNews of the Classes 35 has studied at Geneva and is admit-Taking My Pen in Hand 48 tedly an "international economist."The Magazine is published at 100$ Sloan St., Crawfordsville, Ind., monthly from November to July, inclusive, for The Alumni Council of the Universityof Chicago, 58th St. and Ellis Ave., Chicago, 111. The subscription price is $2.00 per year; the price of single copies is 25 cents.Entered as second class matter December 10, 1924, at the Post Office at Crawfordsville, Indiana, under the Act of March 3, 1879.IN THE GOOD OLD SUMMER TIMEVOLUME XXVI fHt UNIVERSITY OF NUMBER ICHICAGO MAGAZINENOVEMBER, 1933SPENDING THREE BILLION• By HAROLD L. ICKES, '97, JD '07THE Public Works Program is successfullylaunched. Men throughout the countryare finding employment in worthwhilework financed by the Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works. This direct actionphase of President Roosevelt's National RecoveryProgram has already loosed its power at the top.The effect is beginning to show at the bottom,with the full cumulative force still to be felt.Although after little more than two months ofintensive effort, results are already becoming apparent, I must warn against the clamor for miracles. The stupendous amount of $3,300,000,000cannot be put into actual construction in a weekor a month if the taxpayers are going to get theirmoney's worth and the purpose of Congress is tobe carried out.But men and women are continuously beingput back to work in an intelligent and orderlymanner.Speed an ObjectThe President appointed me Administrator onJuly 8. Since the Industrial Recovery Act waspassed, approximately $1,500,000,000 of the totalfund appropriated has been allotted for work onsocially beneficial public works. This sum hasbeen allocated after speedy but intensive consideration of a great variety of projects and it ispermeating every part of our national life andevery part of the country.While we are continuing to make quick allotments and will continue to do so until our fundis exhausted or there is no longer need to expendit, we are now planning to go beyond the limits ofour duties as set forth in the law and follow up this money until we are assured it is serving thepurpose for which it was designated.We are anxious that it be kept in circulationand not allowed to clog in official channels andthus be slow in getting into pay envelopes. We areexercising care to see to it that Public Worksdollars are giving real employment and we findthat they are, for constantly increasing numbersgo back to work as actual construction gets underway.The Public Works Administration will hazardno estimates as to the number of men actuallyreemployed. Nor do those actually at work onconstruction sites tell the whole story. The flowof this money—thoughtfully but generously allotted—has a wide-spread effect. For every mangiven direct employment on the job, it is estimated that two men get indirect employment inmines, quarries and factories, and on transportation systems supplying materials. A Public Worksallotment for a specific project never has its benefits limited to that project. They spread over afar greater area.Allotments have gone into schools, waterworks, streets, sewage systems, viaducts, bridges,tunnels, buildings, rivers and harbor improvements, dams, power development and irrigationprojects as well as to the Army and Navy. In making these outlays, we have insisted that thoseentrusted with the expenditure of the moneycause it to be put into pay envelopes for workspread over the widest possible radius, and thusstart economic and social rehabilitation from thebottom upwards.In other words, the administrators of this vast$3,300,000,000 Public Works Fund know that4 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEthe one sure cure for unemployment is employment and they keep this fact constantly in mind.The task of gathering a country-wide staff oftrustworthy, competent technicians virtually hasbeen completed. The headquarters of the Administration at Washington is staffed by a notablegroup of engineers, lawyers, financial experts andother experienced men who have been workingday and night in the spirit of the National Recovery Act to push through qualified projects.The aim of the administrators as well as theirchief desire is to approve rather than to disapprove projects. They want to get money into circulation, money to be earned by honest work onprojects that have real economic and social value.Payrolls are better than relief rolls.All Possible SafeguardsThe administration, from top to bottom, hasdriven for speed and yet more speed in the handling and approval of applications for loans-speed, but with proper safety breaks and safeguards,— speed, but with order, and not as theresult of hysteria. Otherwise we will bog downand end in chaos.I believe we are now organized to act as expeditiously as any sensible man may desire, butthere is a point beyond which we cannot go. Wewill not embark on a reckless program of wasteand extravagance.We cannot make good projects out of bad ones.We cannot throw money away— no matter whatthe pressure— on unnecessary or foolish schemes.It is, of course, our purpose to forge ahead asrapidly as possible, but it is absolutely useless forany man or group of men to ask for an appropriation unless he presents a project that is sane andpractical from an engineering, a financial and asocial standpoint. And he must substantiate hisclaims.Here in Washington, we regard this fund of$3,300,000,000 as a trust fund. We will not authorize the expenditure of a single penny of itunless we are convinced that it will contributeto the economic recovery and the social welfareof the country. Every project is carefully scrutinized and only the unqualified, undesirable,and impossible ones rejected.The very groups and individuals who are nowshouting for unregulated expenditures and a wideopen door to the Treasury would be the first to raise a hue and cry if we betrayed our stewardshipand misappropriated money for any purpose except their own.Here, briefly, is what the Federal EmergencyAdministration of Public Works is prepared todo and is doing:We authorize the expenditure of money, and we havemillions in the Treasury now being called out for useful Public Works.We aid prospective applicants in deciding what projects are feasible. This is done both at our WashingtonJieadquarters and by our field representatives in everystate in the Union.We assist applicants with their plans and specifications and with the letting of contracts.We can encourage applicants to speed up their applications and get them into such form that there willbe no technical delays.We have done all that is legally possible to cutred tape.There are many other ways in which the PublicWorks Administration can and does act to insurethe success of its program. It is ready to give anyadditional legitimate assistance that may be suggested. It realizes its obligation to the public andto the common good, and it is equally aware ofits responsibility to the American people, whoare footing the bill.With this machinery for national bettermentat the command of our country, our duty now isto urge that full advantage be taken of it.These millions of dollars are available to statesand municipalities and private individuals forimprovements of every description— water works,sewage systems, viaducts, buildings, schools, andvirtually every other enterprise of a permanentnature that serves the people.In all candor, let me say that the administration is determined that the vast expenditures authorized by Congress shall justify themselves ifit is in its power to bring about such a result. Withthis determination made clear, I feel that what Inow have to say will not be taken as a criticism,but rather as an incentive.It is my sincere conviction that many of ourstate, municipal, and local officials throughoutthe country have not given serious considerationto the vast possibilities contained in the NationalRecovery Act for the betterment of the peoplewho depend upon them for action.While I do not say that there is a useful projectthat could be considered in every municipality inTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 5the country, I do not hesitate to affirm that everymunicipal executive should study the Act inorder to discover how it may be made to redoundto the benefit of his community.In some quarters there has been a dispositionto complain about the Act itself or about the"technicalities" which govern our procedure.There has been the usual talk about ' 'red-tape."All this has not prevented us from going fullsteam ahead, but I wonder whether those whoprotest the loudest have actually canvassed theirlocalities for suitable projects or whether, on discovering such projects, they have delayed actionthrough lack of initiative or because they havenot taken the trouble to inform themselves asto the requirements.The terms of the National Recovery Act covering the public works fund could hardly have beenmore liberal. Subsequent regulations issued bythe Public Works Administration have sought tointerpret the Act in the same liberal spirit by theremoval of as many cumbersome restrictions aspossible.Government's ContributionIn order that the relationship between thePublic Works Administration and the states andmunicipalities may be clearly understood, let mepoint out that the Federal Government may contribute up to 30% of the total cost of the laborand material entering into any state or municipalproject.This is an outright grant for which the Government demands no repayment. The state or municipality must furnish the balance of the capitalneeded. It may do this from its own revenues orit may borrow it from the Government as a secured loan.For instance, the Government may advancemoney on a bridge if tolls are charged for the useof the bridge. Valid bonds may be given to securethe advance. Or money may be loaned on a waterworks if the rates assessed against the users of thewater are placed in a fund for the payment of interest and amortization. Future tax money mayalso be pledged as security to the Governmentwhere it is shown there is authority to do solegally and the taxes are collectible. But the Administration cannot properly abet any local government in incurring indebtedness beyond "prudently estimated revenues." The Special Board of Public Works has fixedupon 4 per cent as a fair interest charge for moneyloaned upon any state or municipal enterprise.The only condition imposed, aside from the factthat the borrower must be solvent, is that the sumloaned must be amortized within the reasonablelife of the project, but in no case shall the periodof amortization be longer than 30 years. This interest rate and the other conditions surroundingthe loans must certainly appear as reasonable andeven generous. %At the very outset, those charged with the administration of the Public Works Fund decidedagainst a top-heavy organization in Washingtonand determined to decentralize as much as possible. This decision was prompted by considerations of both speed and efficiency. It was believedthat with competent men in the field a major portion of the preliminary work could be completedbefore applications were forwarded to Washington. Then, too, it was desired that those in Washington charged with the disbursement of the fundshould have first hand information from men whowere actually on the ground and who knew localconditions and personalities.To accomplish this decentralization and keepthe whole country from coming to Washington,it was ordered that all projects within a state mustfirst be presented to the State Advisory Committeeto investigate and make recommendations toWashington for final decision.Only recently the Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works announced a newpolicy designed to encourage states, cities andother non-Federal bodies to speed up their machinery. This policy is to the effect that upon aproper showing that a proposed state or municipal public works project is socially desirable, issatisfactory from an engineering point of view,and can be financed under the law, the Administration may make a tentative allocation of themoney required on condition that within thirtydays the financial and engineering features of theproject be worked out and a final contract signed.Liberal PolicyUnder this policy, projects may be presentedfor consideration if they come within the scopeof the National Recovery Act and the regulationsof the Public Works Administration. If the Administration considers the project desirable it6 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEwill make a tentative allotment of the necessaryfunds. The Administration staff will then makean immediate and intensive study of the projectso that a final contract can be executed withinthirty days.It seems to me that the liberality of this policyleaves no room for further delay or equivocationon the part of the non-Federal bodies which haveprojects they consider practical. Also, it preventsthe hoarding of allotted money. We want our allotments to show in men at work as soon as possible.Misunderstanding About HousingOne other feature of the public works programwhich seems to be misunderstood is that relatingto loans for the construction of low-cost housing.It has been intimated that this character of workenters into direct and severe competition withprivate enterprise.The fact is that private enterprise has failed toprovide the type of housing contemplated underthe National Recovery Act. For years there hasbeen a demand in many of our cities for slumclearance. This demand has gone largely unanswered.The providing of substantial, low-cost housingand the clearance of slums create the best kind ofa job. Either, or both, are as worthwhile a typeof public works as can be undertaken. Low-costhousing is needed, not only to provide shelter,but to protect the health, safety and morals of ourpeople who are dependent on such housing. Itdiffers from all other types of job-creating activities in that it throws a permanent bulwark againstthe social dangers of unemployment and depression.In the economic reconstruction that must follow the present emergency, housing reform on avast scale must take a prominent and enduringplace. The mere suggestion that the Governmentis taking an active interest in such projectsarouses criticism from certain private interests.But aside from the fact that the Governmentowes a duty to its people, from which it cannotbe swerved by selfish complaints, the truth is thatFederal competition with private enterprise inrespect to housing is negligible.The Government is merely making loans toprivate limited dividend corporations whichagree to build under certain desirable restrictions and to charge a specified and reasonable rent.Again, the Government will make loans only onsuch projects as are at present beyond the reach ofunaided private enterprise.I am told by our housing experts that American cities cannot produce a single instance inwhich slums are now being cleared and newdwellings built to rehouse the dispossessed occupants by private enterprise operating on a commercial basis.What little effective slum clearance of thischaracter has been done, has been, mainly, thework of philanthropic organizations or of limiteddividend companies under government controlor with some form of government aid, such as taxexemption.Increased Buying PowerWe have had protests that the minimum wagescale paid by the Public Works Administrationis too high. These protests do not take into consideration the avowed object of the Act whichis to increase the buying power of the people.Such an increase cannot be brought about byfailure on the part of the Government to insiston the payment of a reasonable wage, a wage thataids indirectly every other group in Americanindustrial and economic life.In order to avoid delays over particularly difficult or controversial projects which might consume too much time of the regular staff there hasjust been appointed a Technical Board of Review which will consider these projects. ThisBoard will serve in a quasi-judicial capacity, andhold open hearings when serious opposition to aproject develops. It will also fulfill the functionsof a court of appeal when proponents of a projectfeel that it has not received full consideration.The time has come, in the administration ofthis $3,300,000,000 trust fund, when the administrators feel they must tell responsible publicofficials— particularly in municipalities— to studythe possibilities offered by the public works program and act at once if they have any projectswhich might benefit their communities. Otherwise, they may soon find that the fund is exhausted and the laggards left without sharing inits benefits.For our part, we will continue to do our utmost to turn plans and specifications into workmen actually on the job.INTRODUCING JANE ADDAMS• By JAMES WEBER LINN, '97, Professor of EnglishBECAUSE we scorn the idea of a titled aristocracy, and have not even an Academy of" Letters, we are forever instituting contests for the selection of the most popular, themost beautiful, or the most distinguished amongour citizenry. In these contests, when the objectis to choose "the most distinguished woman inAmerica," it has become customary of late yearsto name Miss Jane Addams. Absurd as are suchefforts to "rank" well-known people, it would bestill more absurd to say that Miss Addams didnot get a certain pleasure from this complimentary unanimity; but it amuses her even more, andmost of all it puzzles her. She has espoused somany temporarily unpopular causes and principles. She has been on so many "black lists" ofa type of "patriotic" organization, her warmthof human sympathy has been so frequently misunderstood, and even her own words have beenso often misquoted to her disadvantage, that shecannot quite understand how it is that now inher later years she has come everywhere to be regarded as a useful as well as an able woman.It does not puzzle those who have known herlongest and best. If she were a woman who livedby "mottoes" and catchwords, her own mottomight have been "overcome evil with good." Shehas overcome, or, at all events, modified, many anevil by clear and yet subtle thinking, and by persistent effort; and finally, as she has grown old inyears (though not at all in spirit) she has evenovercome the evil of distrust. It is quite possible honestly to misinterpret a point of view,and inevitable to doubt many an individual judgment, even of so well-balanced a thinker as she;but it is not possible to misinterpret a life-timeof service, or to doubt the fine consistency of asocial philosophy beautifully presented again andagain and yet again through forty years of publication.All her thinking has been positive, constructive, even assertive. Her phrasing, like her personality (of which it is, of course, merely the reflection) is so quiet, so friendly, so even-tempered, The most distinguished woman in Americathat to miss its determined emphasis is easyenough. But that emphasis is always there. Shenever threatens; she seeks only to persuade; butshe persuades from profound and unshakableconviction. After more than half a century of theprivilege of her acquaintance, this writer is stillunable to say whether he enjoys most the constancy of Miss Addams' humor, or the obstinacyof her democratic beliefs. Of course it is thenever-failing keenness, and the frequent nobility,of her understanding that has brought her distinction. But it is the combination of an astonishing good humor, and a relentless certainty of theinnate goodness and power of human nature, thathas given her, and continues to give her expression fascination and a curiously feminine charm.She would mother us all; and if the salt of humansalvation shall lose that savor, wherewith shallsociety be salted?OUR NATIONAL SELF-RIGHTEOUSNESS• By JANE ADDAMS, LLD *30OUR national self-righteousness, oftenr honestly disguised as patriotism^ in oneaspect is part of that adolescent self-assertion which the United States has never quiteoutgrown, and which is sometimes crudely expressed, both by individuals and nations, in sheerboasting. In another aspect it is that complacencywhich we associate with the elderly who, feelingjustified by their own successes, have completelylost the faculty of self-criticism. Innocent as sucha combination may be, it is unfortunate that itshould have been intensified at this particularmoment when humility of spirit and a willingnessto reconsider existing institutions are so necessaryto world salvation.To illustrate— Senator Borah suggested thatthe cancellation of war debts owed by the alliedEuropean nations to the United States be considered with the provision that the nations whichtake advantage of the offer shall consent to reducetheir armaments. And yet the United Statesmakes no proposition to disarm itself! This isdoubtless due to the fact that we are fully convinced of our own righteousness, of our ownbeneficent intentions; but this very attitude toward ourselves may make the offer unacceptableto other nations.It is not difficult to trace the historic beginning of such a national self-righteousness. Thepersecuted religious sects which first settled somuch of the Atlantic Coast were naturally convinced that they bore witness to the highest truthand were therefore the chosen people. WilliamPenn, who bought from the Indians every acreof land in his own royal grant, said that he visitedthe various communities "who were of a separating and seeking turn of mind," and in spite ofhis insistence upon religious freedom, he wasever surrounded by a good many "come-outers."These very separatists, from Plymouth to Philadelphia, who ultimately federated into the Thirteen Colonies, probably achieved it as muchthrough a similarity of temperament as througha common devotion to political doctrines. They undoubtedly bequeathed both to their successors, and certainly the former made a very goodfoundation for this national trait.Another historic manifestation of the spirit ofsuperiority so easily turned into self-righteousness, is discovered as early as 1830 in a nationalattitude toward the European immigrants whocame over in ever increasing numbers until by1913 the annual arrivals were over a million. Aconsciousness of superiority constantly tended toexalt the earlier Americans and to put the immigrants into a class by themselves, until it becamean obvious deterrent and was responsible forseveral social maladjustments.First, for our tardiness in passing protectivelegislation. Since every approach to labor problems in the United States had to do withimmigrants, because they form the bulk of thewage-earning population, it eventually came tobe considered patriotic to oppose governmentalmeasures for workmen's compensation, for unemployment insurance, and for old-age security.Over-crowded tenements, sweating systems, ahigh infant death-rate, and many another familiar aspect of unregulated industry also becameassociated in the public mind with the immigrant. Unlike the impassioned study of povertymade in England during the '8o's, resulting inthe belief that a representative government wasperforming its legitimate function when it considered such matters, we in the United States inthe very same decade, found an alibi for all ofour disturbing industrial problems and put themoff on the immigrant.m William Penn affords an antithesis of all this,and presents a direct method of avoiding the difficulties of self-righteousness in his relations withthe aliens who confronted him— the NorthAmerican Indians, for more than a century regarded by the New England colonies as untamedsavages. His 168s treaty with them, impressivelyconsumated by two self-respecting political entities, was made as between equals and was mutually binding. Moreover, he assured the non-THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 9English settlers in his colony— the Dutch, theSwedes, and the Germans, that 'you shall begoverned by laws of your own making, and live afree and if you will, sober and industrious people," and each group at once received the franchise. The laborers, who represented many European nationalities, were to be provided for at theexpiration of their terms of service. The despisednegro was to be free after fourteen years, andfurnished land, tools, and stock. William Pennmanumitted his own slaves in 1701. Such was hisconfidence in his fellowman that he gave to hisconglomerate colony the first constitution in theworld which provided for its own amendment.Opinions Cannot Be Controlled by ForceOur national self-righteousness might be indicted for another policy towards labor— thewidespread belief that differing opinions may becontrolled by force. European immigrants havebeen held responsible for strikes and other industrial disorders, since it was assumed that theyheld all sorts of beliefs contrary to basic American doctrines. Therefore to scatter strikers by thepolice and even by the militia and the regularscame to be considered a patriotic duty. Yet William Penn reached the conclusion when he wasimprisoned in the Tower as a young man thatreal protection lay in mutual understanding andconfidence; "that love and persuasion have moreforce than weapons of war." He stood for this conviction when in the vast wilderness stretchingaround him groups of white settlers were beingattacked and sometimes massacred by the Indians.A third result of our national attitude towardthe immigrant is that we have become indifferentto the protection of human life. Unfortunatelythe earliest outbreaks of gang violence in Chicago—more or less typical of those throughoutthe country— were associated with colonies ofimmigrants. Although we all knew that thebootleggers and other racketeers could not havecontinued without political protection, the community was slow to act, because so long as theSicilians, who composed the first powerful bootlegging gang, killed only one another, it wasconsidered of little consequence. From January19258 to January 1932 we had in Chicago 232 gangkillings, in which the law-enforcing agenciesfailed to bring even one to trial. Such preferential treatment of crime— an obvious symptom of a breakdown in Democratic government— may bean indirect result of an unjustifiable habit of considering one human being of less consequencethan another. Never was William Penn's ideal ofreligion, founded upon fraternity and righteousness, so sorely needed.This leads quite naturally to the fourth indictment arising out of our attitude toward the immigrant—our dilemma in regard to prohibition.Because the Simon-pure American did make anexception of himself, he often voted for lawswhich he would like to see enforced upon otherswithout any intention of keeping them himself.Many Southern men voted for the EighteenthAmendment because they wanted to keep drinkaway from the negro; other Northern men, because they needed sober immigrant labor. William Penn set an example even here. He did notsell liquor to the Indians because of the terms ofan agreement which they had voluntarily enteredinto with him. In one more instance he hadachieved his purpose by the moral cooperationof those he was trying to serve, and of coursethere is no other way.NON-CONFORMISTS ARE REDSAnother aspect of our national self-righteousness, much more sinister in its influence, is thedemand for conformity on pain of being denounced as a "red" or a "traitor." Perhaps neverbefore in our history has there been within theframework of orderly government such impatience with differing opinion. Such a stultifyingsituation is more than ever dangerous just nowwhen the nation needs all the free and vigorousthinking which is available. To illustrate thedanger of holding fast to a social concept which isno longer useful, but which has not yet beensuperseded by the new, because the new one isconsidered dangerous, Dr. Nicholas MurrayButler said within recent weeks to the studentsof Columbia University, "We are living in thebackwash of ultra nationalism following the GreatWar, ignoring the fundamental and controllingfact that the world today is an internationalworld." He also quoted the concluding words ofa report signed by leading members of the Fi-.nance Committee of the League of Nations: "Itmay be truly said that international trade isgradually being strangled to death. If the processcontinues, millions of people in this economically10 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEinterlocked world must inevitably die of starvation." Would it not be humiliating for a world tostarve in the midst of a plethora of food becausethe constructive and collective intelligence ofmankind was unable to make a distinction between political nationalism and economic internationalism, and serenely sacrificed the latter tothe first?William Penn's TechniqueThe corrective supplied by William Penn onthis point is very clear. Nothing could have beenmore difficult in his day and generation than hislong advocacy of religious freedom— that eachman must worship God in his own way. Religion,it is only fair to remember, was the absorbing interest of the 17 th century. Dynasties rose and fellupon theological issues, and great families disappeared when they found themselves on the sideof the oppressed instead of the oppressor. William Penn took his stand for the freedom of worship of all sects, for the Roman Catholics, no lessthan for the Quakers. With invincible couragehe put the truth as God gave him to see the truthto the test of action, in the new world among alienIndians, as well as in the old.One could make a long list of William Penn'sadvances beyond his contemporaries. In education, he was expelled from Oxford, because theUniversities saw that the inspirational preachermight interfere with the stiff scholasticism whichproduced their dull and learned clergy. Regarding the education of children he expressed ideaswhich might easily be ascribed to John Dewey orBertrand Russell. In international affairs we havehardly caught up to him yet. A hundred years before the thirteen colonies were federated, forexample, he had worked out a plan for a "Dyetor Parliament of Europe to settle trouble betweennations without war." William Penn appealedfrom tradition to experience; from intrenchedauthority to life, and in his absorbed devotionto his colony, calmly followed his own rule,"Though there is a regard due to education andthe tradition of our fathers, Truth will ever deserve, as well as claim, the preference." In thisspirit he suppressed the hunting of witches, de clared the spiritual equality of men and women,reduced from two hundred to two the numberof offenses punishable by death, declared that allprisons should be workshops, and literally taxedslavery out of existence. Such right thinking andcourageous acting is doubtless what we need atthis moment more than anything else. Sir ArthurSalter, in a recent number of Foreign Affairs believes that the choice before the world today isbetween trying to build up world trade, based onworld order, or moving further toward a systemof closed units, each aiming to be self-sufficient.The choice of the United States in this world decision has come to have an undue influence, andyet we all know that there exists an overwhelming danger that America may leave unaided andthus unwantonly cripple the supreme politicaleffort of these later centuries— the effort to makeinternational relations more rational and human.Several years ago at Williamstown, Arnold Toyn-bee boldly warned us against what he describedas a rather low type of religion— the worship ofsome sixty or seventy gods called Sovereign National States, declaring that such idolatry of nationalism was not patriotism but suicide.Can the Scholar Help?I find it a great temptation to conclude with anexhortation to those who represent a seat of learning; certainly the scholar, who is always impatient of intellectual apathy and incapacity, mayfind a formula which shall preserve "that spirit ofnationality in which for many years the aspirations of man for liberty and free developmenthave found their expression, and yet prevent theabuse of that nationality which now threatenswith destruction all that it has given or promised." Is it not true that the contemporary world,based upon the search for private profit and fornational advantage, has come in conflict with thenewer principle of social welfare and the zeal forpractical justice in our human affairs? Must wewait for another William Penn to show us theunique opportunity it affords once more to makepolitics further the purposes of religion and topurge religion itself from all taint of personaland national self-righteousness?THE ARTS IN THE LIBERAL ARTS COLLEGES• By HOMER P. RAINEY, AM '23, Ph D '24THE American liberal arts colleges havenever sponsored the arts. This failure toinclude these great areas of human experience in their programs may be due to manyreasons, but it may be accounted for chiefly bythe influence of three factors. These are: the influence of Puritanism, the dominance of the Classical tradition, and, in more recent years, thedominance of science and the scientific method.The American colleges have grown out of a religious background, and the religious life of ourpeople has been influenced most largely by Puritanism. The Puritan mind has been unfriendlyto the arts. They were the tools and instrumentsof Satan. Going to the theater and reading novels were almost cardinal sins. The prejudice ofsome religious groups against the use of the violinin their services is a part of the same attitude. Tothe Puritan human nature was inherently evil,and therefore, any natural emotions such asthose produced by the enjoyment of the arts weresinful, and were to be brought into subjection.The Puritan also belonged to the middle class.He was interested in trade and commerce andhad little, if any, inclinations toward the arts.The second great factor in the developmentof the American colleges has been the ClassicalTradition. To the great majority a liberal education is in some way associated in their minds withthe study of Latin and Greek. There are stilltoojnQ^v.\T^VLXcl\itgt Acuities who think there issome supernatural memm the study of theseancient disciplines. Their il*T"stence upon thisclassical concept has given a wy narrow andlimited meaning to a liberal eduction. Music,painting, and the drama were not reai'ntellectualdisciplines. They smacked too much ts the playelement, and hence were not worthy Oi a placein the baccalaureate program.A more serious shackling of the liberal vollegein recent years has come from the scientist andthe scientific point of view. There have beeritw'oharmful results of the scientific age upon the ol-leges. In the first place, the colleges have benalmost completely "taken in" by the philosophy of materialism, and have defined their objectivesin terms of material values and have thus trainedtheir students for material success. In the secondplace, because of the great reverence for sciencein contemporary life the scientists on collegefaculties have almost completely dominated college curricula and methods of instruction.One or two facts will illustrate this point ofview. The scientific point of view has, in recentyears, virtually robbed the arts college of its finearts program. It has insisted that such subjectsas music, painting, and sculpture have no placein the curricula of the arts college. It has grudgingly permitted the inclusion of such courses as"The History and Appreciation of Music," orof "Art," but has not permitted courses that emphasize the expression of these arts. The veryessence of the arts is expression. Thus the artshave been an unwelcome guest in what shouldhave been their own environ. Literature has beenthe only one of the arts to survive this attack,and it has survived at the cost of surrenderingalmost completely to a scientific method of study.THE results of this have been that our so-called "Arts Colleges" have had no arts.The arts have had to look elsewhere for their promotion. The result is that they have been forcedinto professional schools of music, art, drama, etcetera. Schools of music have even sprung up oncollege and university campuses as appendageswhere students interested in this art could takecourses and private instruction at their own expense and without credit toward a baccalaureatedegree.Another example of the domination of thescientific point of view is in methods of collegeinstruction. Science has evolved an objective,valid, and reliable method for the discovery oftruth. Because its method of research and laboratory instruction have been so successful it hasinsisted that they be used in all other fields ofknowledge. In this it has failed to recognize thesignificant fact that there are different types oflearning— only one of which is a "science" type.1112 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEThere is a "language arts" type of learning whichshould be applied to all language instructionwhether it be in the mother tongue or a foreignlanguage. A great part of the failure of foreignlanguage instruction in colleges is due to a failureto recognize the distinction. Far too much oflanguage instruction is of a "science" type. Thereis also an "appreciative" type of learning whichapplies to the entire field of thearts. The objective of this typeof teaching is to develop a lovefor, and an appreciation of, agiven art whether it be literature, music, drama, or painting. Among the poorest resultsof college teaching are thoseachieved in the teaching ofliterature to undergraduatesLiterature is taught not as anart to love and appreciate forits own sake, but it is toooften subjected to an analytical,scientific dissection. A study ofalmost any examination for students in literature will revealthis fact. They are "science"type examinations. Why shouldthere be a final examination ina course in English Literature?How can one be examined adequately on his appreciation ofShakespeare, for example? Thefact that final science type examinations are given in suchsubjects is excellent evidencethat there is an utter confusionof objectives.Now, someone may thinkthat the writer is opposedto the Classical languages andto the science in a liberal artsprogram. That is not the case. The point is thatneither of these should dominate the entire program of the college. The plea is for a properrecognition of the arts— that they should be inthe curriculum on a par with every other subjectand that their curricula and methods of instruction should be determined by their own requirements. The colleges are coming rapidly to thispoint of view, and many colleges have alreadymade a significant place in their curriculum forPresident Rainey and his daughter Lenorethe arts. At present music is receiving the majoremphasis, but there is evidence that painting anddrama also are being recognized.What should be the program for the arts inthe liberal college? The first two arts to be considered are landscape and architecture. The external environment of the campus must be beautiful. This establishes the tone for everythingelse. A beautiful campus is itselfa significant discipline. Manycolleges are coming to appreciate this fact, and are planningtheir campuses and architecture under the direction of thebest available creative artists.The movement is receivingmuch encouragement from theAssociation of American Colleges and the Carnegie Corporation. It is one of the finestmovements in American education, and in it there is muchhope for the future.Art in the external environment should be accompaniedby a representation of all theother arts in the curriculum.Furthermore, the expressiveand creative functions of thearts must be given full recognition. There should also becreative artists as teachers uponthe faculty. In the past collegeshave had on the faculty onlyart, literary, and music critics.Very few of them have hadeither t^ie desire or t'ne "Jaliiejto pr.eate. The success of art in¦'the arts college will dependupon the creative ability of thefaculty and the degree ofopportunity given them by theColleges and universities takegreat pr'ide in having on their faculties researchscientists, and even demand productive scholarship c6f their men in various fields. Why shouldnot t'ne same encouragement be given to creativework in the arts? The industrial and businesswo rid often call upon the scientific departmentsof colleges and universities for help and guidance,buit one never hears of a creative writer askingfreedom a; adadministr ation.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 13aid from the department of literature. There arecolleges that have been teaching English andAmerican Literature for the greater part of acentury that do not have one creative writeramong their alumni. This is ample evidence thatsomething is wrong. In the face of such an unfruitful record we should be willing to tryanother system. There are a few signs that thisconcept is being recognized by the colleges. Lastyear Mr. Thornton Wilder was a member of thefaculty of the University of Chicago, and recentlyKnox College and Bucknell University each hadMiss Ida M. Tarbell on their faculties for aperiod. It is possible to make much greater useof this principle.Drama is another of the arts that should havea vital place in the college program. Having beendenied its rightful place in the past it has hadto find its place among the professions. The colleges have taught about drama but have produced none. If students have had any creativeinterests or ability in drama, they have had topursue them as "extra-curricula" activities. Thecolleges have an excellent opportunity to re vitalize the drama if they will only approach itfrom the creative point of view.The program for the arts outlined above willhave six important objectives. First— It will givethe arts a significant and vital place in the program of the college— a place which they rightlydeserve, and which the contemporary needs ofsociety demand. Second— By providing for andencouraging creative activities in the arts it willloose them from their shackles and will providean important stimulus for a real period of creative productivity in American art. Third— It willoffer wide opportunities for the entire studentpopulation of the colleges to participate in artactivities. Fourth— It will greatly enrich the cultural life of the campus by presenting to thecampus opportunities to hear, see, and appreciateall forms of good art. Fifth— The campus will become a cultural center for the immediate community and the surrounding territory. Sixth—The college will discover art interests and abilities which it will encourage and develop and willselect students for a continuation of their workinto advanced study and eventually into a career.''A Beautiful Campus Is Itself a Significant Discipline''WHAT PRICE STABILITY?"An Economist Looks at the New Deal• By HARRY D. GIDEONSE, Associate Professor of EconomicsTHE New Deal has at least one thing incommon with the last New Era, and thatis the unwillingness to accept the spirit ofgoodwill of its critics. Everywhere, the constraintof Whoopla aims to promote a conformitarianattitude. But there is nothing more dangerousto an experiment than the attitude of the "yes-man."The New Deal has not repealed certain oldmaxims, which are valid under any economicsystem. They are worth pondering today. Thefirst is that you cannot create abundance by promoting scarcity. The second is that you cannotpromote trade by strangling it. The third is thatyou cannot promote enterprise by destroying itsincentives, no matter how much "urging" you do.At present the country is willing to pay ahigh price for stability, as a result of a period ofacute insecurity in all ranges of social activity.But most stability is achieved at the risk of instability elsewhere. Stable wages for skilled laboroften lead to increased instability for unskilledlabor; stable prices for controlled commoditiesand services often lead to greater fluctuations ofall prices not under control.During the post-war period, ^efforts to stabilizeprices in a period of great technological improvement led to a greater fall in the price level at thenext crash. The same thing will hold for the NRAcodes in their labor aspects. We are trying tostabilize wages. What will be the consequenceson other shares of the national income, and therefore ultimately on wages?That is not an easy question to answer, and itis not a popular question to ask. The plea forstabilization of wages is usually based on the notion that it will lead to stabilization of other basicfactors. Thus, consumers' demand for consumers'goods would be established, manufacturers couldthen count on a regular market, price fluctuations would be ironed out, new capital equip-*This article is based on addresses delivered during the summer before the Chicago College Club and the Illinois Federationof Labor. ment could be installed with more security.There is some truth in that line of reasoning,of course. It is also true, however, that stablewages will make other basic elements unstable, orless stable. Payrolls become more a fixed and lessa variable charge upon earnings. They becomemore like interest payments on outstandingbonds or mortgages.Increased fixed charges tend to make net earnings more variable than they were before thestabilization took place. Increasing variabilityof profits, however, means increasing variabilityof dividends and of security prices. It not onlyenlarges the speculative range, but it materiallyaffects one of the main sources of consumer demand. Thus a step that aimed at stabilization ofone type of consumer demand unsettles othertypes.Instability of profits means increased risk forthose who invest their capital— and greater fluctuations in the amounts invested. The supply anddemand for capital equipment would be evenmore variable than they were before the stabilization of the wage item. The reaction on wages,—or, if they remain fixed, on employment,— is obvious to anyone who is not blinded by popularacclaim or good intentions.The fact that, in the past, prices or profits wereoften the stabilized element while the wage billwas the immediate victim of the extreme fluctuations, does not refute this reasoning. Instability,from whatever source, is instability, even if theintentions are worthy and noble.It is apparently almost impossible for a groupto benefit from its collective experience. We areat present repealing the prohibition amendment.One of the things that convinced a large numberof us of the wisdom of the step was the emergenceof the bootlegger and his influence in politics.We had moved too rapidly for opinion to keep upwith legislation.The NRA principles are, of course, even amore striking departure from the community's14THE UNIVERSITY OFold habits than prohibition was. It is a safe prophecy that the housewife's instinct for a bargainwill be even more irrepressible than the oldsoak's thirst. The new commodity bootleggerswill spread into thousands of branches of business, while the old Capone syndicate had to becontent with a more limited range. Many of thesenew bootleggers will wear the blue eagle too.Too Much or Not Enough?Opinions as to the soundness of a given set ofremedies depend upon agreement with the diagnosis upon which these prescriptions are based.Were we suffering from too much or too littleinterference in our commodity markets? Almostevery scheme to regulate commodity output orprice in the past has failed miserably. In the end,the remedy through the open market process wasmade more painful because of the controlschemes. The examples of Brazil's coffee, Britain's rubber and our own Hoover wheat planare there to bear witness. The lesson taught by allthese control devices is that they stimulate themselves the very forces that bring about their collapse. Is our present cotton scheme, for instance,not stimulating future competitors abroad?There was a time when we had a superior smilefor reports about the burning of the coffee surplus in Brazil. Now we have our own pig-slaughtering schemes and similar ingenious devices in a group of agricultural commodities.Undoubtedly, a better method for meeting thisso-called over-production would be to find someway to distribute the surplus to parts of the worldwhere they are sorely needed. But, as a Wisconsineditor recently pontificated, "Our internationaldistribution system is not equal to such adjustments." What he meant was this: our nationaltariff laws have destroyed our markets for oneanother's goods.Much of our so-called problem of overproduction is a problem of market destruction.Particularly in the United States, foreign tradepolicy is in flat conflict with our creditors' status,and has provoked the default of our debtors. Weshall have to revise our tariff policy, and reviseit downward. The implications of the RecoveryAct are, however, that tariffs will go higher. Havewe forgotten that every slash at imports is a slashat exports? Has anyone ever promoted trade bystrangling it? CHICAGO MAGAZINE 15Most observers agree that one of the chief weaknesses of the German and British economic lifeafter the war was caused by inflexible price andwage structures, produced by a veritable net-work of agreements of a more or less binding character. The destruction of Germany's republicanform of government and Great Britain's currencytroubles can, in large measure, be ascribed tothese rigidities in the price system, which werenot subject to correction in any normal way.Now the irony of fate is leading us to embracea similar system of rigidities as a cure for blundersin banking and foreign trade policy. We may soondiscover that the rigidities, instead of helping the"forgotten man," may actually force him intoeven more abject misery. Then the new inflexibility may produce an additional problem whichwe may be tempted to solve by more inflation.Inflation Always DangerousInflation is a perfectly justifiable policy whenpart of the problem is caused by excessive deflation. It is always a dangerous method, however,and much of our current optimism with regard toits control is unwarranted by present knowledgeor experience. It is probable that a bull-dog-likedetermination to adhere to definite objectivesmight guide us through safely. But have we definite objectives?When we talk of raising prices 60% in onebreath, and of fixing prices and wages in another,can we be certain that these notions are not inconflict with one another? After all the deflationof wages and other items in the last four years,can a return to 1926 prices produce anythingbut another hectic speculative boom, with theusual after-effect?The fundamental monetary question is usuallyformulated in either of two ways under presentcircumstances. Should we aim at external or atinternal stability? Or: should we return to theautomatic gold standard or experiment with amanaged inconvertible currency? Fundamentally,the two questions strive to establish the same distinction. Do these questions state the alternativesbefore us correctly? And in the changed circumstances of 1933 how shall we answer them?The customary contrast of the automatic goldstandard with a managed inconvertible currencyis, of course, based upon a misunderstanding. Agold currency instituted by governments and reg-16 THE UNIVERSITY OFulated by national and banking policies is infact a managed currency, and it is to be distinguished from the various proposals for "managedcurrency" only as a matter of degree, not asa matter of principle. The use of foreign exchange "gold points" as a basis for central bankmanagement is no more or no less automatic thanthe use of index numbers.It is true, of course, that the "rules of the game"had developed unconsciously. They were takenfor granted in the course of an almost haphazardhistorical evolution, based on trial and error.They were occasionally explicitly stated in connection with proposals to establish or re-establishthe gold standard in various countries, but therewas not at any time an explicit agreement bycountries on the international gold standard uponthe conditions which alone would make its successful operation possible.Fixing the Price of GoldThe monetary chaos brought about by theWorld War served to bring these implied conditions to the foreground. First of all, the gold standard means the fixing of the value of the currencyunit in terms of gold, or in other words, the fixing of the price of gold. Essentially, that meansfixing the price of other gold standard currencies.That, however, is only the formal, legal aspect.Economically, the implied conditions underwhich the international gold standard is supposed to operate, are based upon the assumptionof the free movement of gold, commodities, capital and prices.Now it is clear that these conditions were notfully realized before the war. It is also obviousthat the entire post-war period was characterizedby the almost systematic destruction of the conditions without which the gold standard cannotcontinue to operate effectively. Everywhere wehave seen increased trade barriers, includingquota schemes and eventually exchange controls.Frequently, national banking authorities havestriven for an autonomous domestic price system,without consideration of the international implications of such action.Now that the full extent of the chaos is realized, we might well wonder why the whole mechanism did not break down sooner, in view of thewell-nigh universal refusal to observe the "rulesof the game." A world that was striving to main- CHICAGO MAGAZINEtain a currency system with a wider ambit thanits banking system, its tariff system and its wagesystem, witnessed the smash of them all,— andblamed it on gold. To the social conservative—generally an advocate of the sacred gold traditionas well as of the equally sacred "national" system-it presented a terrific dilemma. Would he yieldgold to the "national" forces? Or would he finallyadmit that national, self-contained, water-tightcompartments are in conflict with the fact of interdependence? How can we preserve a maximumof local autonomy and still have the undoubtedadvantages of the traditional standard?What are the conditions for the restorationof gold? It seems clear that if the willingness todraw conclusions from experience could be takenfor granted, there is quite enough gold in theworld to act as a reserve for the world's credit.It also seems clear that with the present shakenconvictions in all ranges of social and politicallife, the confidence value of an established tradition might be of major significance. It is obvious,however, that with our anarchic economic nationalism, no form of gold standard can safelybe maintained. Clearly, the "rules of the game"will have to become explicit. More than this: theexplicit formulation of the rules will have to beaccepted by national governments as well asmonetary authorities.Result of Poor ManagementIf we return to gold, we should return to aconsciously managed gold, with an explicit set ofobjectives and rules. The old gold standard was amanaged currency, but, as the record shows, itwas poorly managed. It was— as the MacMillanCommittee phrased it— machinery designed towork within a given range, and it jammed whenpolitics interfered with the range.The record of gold during the past decadewould seem to condemn an experiment with apurely managed currency from the very beginning. It might be admitted that a perfectly managed inconvertible currency offers better prospects than imperfectly managed gold. Experiencewith gold has made it abundantly clear, however,to all who do not indulge in wishful thinking, that"management" falls far from the standard of perfection. There is no guaranty that the quality ofthe management will automatically improve withthe range of its authority.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 17How about the original question: should weaim at external or internal stability? The implication carried by the question is that gold givesexternal stability, while a domestic managed currency would give internal stability. Such were thearguments that appeared in English pamphleteering in the crisis that crippled Europe afterthe Napoleonic wars. Any student of the problemwill, of course, recognize the fallacy of both implications. The gold standard gives stability ofthe foreign exchanges and the significance of thisachievement to exporters and importers is obvious. It is probably not an accident that theenormous expansion of world trade in the 19thcentury was paralleled by the spread of the goldstandard. Stable exchanges, however, do not meanexternal stability. Even a tyro in the theory ofinternational trade would not confuse exchangestability with stability in external purchasingpower.The assumption that a domestic managed currency would lead to "internal" stability, is evenmore seriously invalid. It is based on the notionthat such a currency would give us stable prices,and the average convert to the propaganda thinksof this in terms of particular prices. It is meantas stability of the price level, of course. A stableaverage means continual adjustments. Everytechnological improvement leading to lowerprices would require compensating doses ofcredit and therefore instability of individualprices to preserve the stability of the price level."Stability" Raises ProblemsCloser analysis of the "stability" propagandaraises far more questions than it answers. Shallwe correct other prices to compensate for seasonalinfluences (crops, for instance)? When crops turnout to be unexpectedly low (so that wheat ishigh) shall we then push the prices of the metalsdown? And what of the disparities this will createin succeeding years when the crop is of normalsize or unusually large? And what shall we doabout long-run factors, like changes in population? Might not they increase the prices of certainraw materials relative to wages and finished products? Should other prices in this case be forceddown? Is this internal stability? Should we notrather admit that our knowledge is utterly insufficient to speak with any degree of confidenceabout these matters? We may conclude then that the contrast of external with internal stability is a misleading one.It is merely a question of one kind of instabilityin the gold standard case, and another kind in thepurely managed currency. Assuming a highquality of management and considerable freedomin the use of its powers, steadying influences couldbe exerted in either case."Blame the Foreigner"After ten years of acute unsettlement, stabilityhas acquired a new prestige. Propaganda of varying inspiration has merged it with the usual tendency to "blame the foreigner" for unsettling influences into a wave of undiscriminating distrustof established financial institutions. Many followKeynes and speak of gold as a "fetish" and a "barbarous relic." Perhaps it is flippant to observethat barbarous relics do not seem entirely out ofplace in a world in which monetary policies aredetermined by Saturday Evening Post "economists," radio sermons from Detroit, and the Committee for the Nation, not to mention foreignequivalents at full gold parity. More seriously:perhaps the very essence of a monetary institution is its character as a fetish, because of the rolewhich confidence plays. The rational approachhas revealed the skeleton in the gold closet to us,it has yet to prove that it can substitute by aprocess of analysis and discussion a new mythwith sufficient cohesive power to match that of theold tradition.Rational scrutiny of the slogans of the new"management" movement reveals little promiseof stability that would not also be guaranteed bythe old managed currency if it were managed witha semblance of intelligence. It is also clear that aperiod of radical currency experimentationwould make far greater claims upon the qualityof public management than past experiencewould seem to warrant. Money is not an independent institution, free from other factors determining our economic and social life, and it iscertainly not possible to remedy by monetarypolicy the consequences of a continuous seriesof blunders in other aspects of public policy.Rational considerations hardly determinemonetary policy in last analysis, however. Thestudent can state them for whatever they may beworth, but a country's monetary policy in all itsbroad manifestations, both domestic and inter-i8 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEnational will continue to be a part of its generalpolicy. It is intimately a part of the great gameof power politics. Power is sought sometimes asan end in itself, sometimes as a means to anotherend. In general, it is a search for the instrumentswith which one country can impose its will uponothers. In that quest, monetary reserves and discount policies are vital weapons. They, too, arestakes of diplomacy or instruments to attainthem. Here the cool light of reason can only casta pale shadow upon the record of history.It is the fad of the day to belittle freedom. A recent book by a German economist opened with achapter entitled "The Curse of Freedom." Muchof the thought of our own "best minds" seems to be based on the same philosophy. Everywhere,freedom is described as "anarchy" and "chaoticcompetition."The remedy is prescribed in terms of "coordination," "planning," "orderly marketing," "stabilization." The words have a wise sound aboutthem. Everything depends, however, on the wisdom of the coordinator or planner. If it shouldturn out to be of the quality that usually accompanies government "coordination" and "planning"— witness Mr. Hoover's Farm Board, ourYecent tariff legislation, or our "management" ofthe gold standard,— it might well be that freedomwould have been more constructive than the efforts of the "coordinators."NRA CHICAGOANS IN WASHINGTONIn the Legislative HallsHarold Ickes, '97, JD'07, Secretaryof the Interior.Donald Richberg, 'oi, Chief Counselto the NRA.Earl D. Howard, '02, AM'03, PhD'05,Deputy Administrator for theNRA.Milton H. Petti t, '01, Chief of theBureau of Exceptions, NRA.Jerome N. Frank, '12, JD'12, General Counsel Agricultural Adjustment Administration.*Samuel Nerlove, '22, AM'23,Deputy Economist, NRA.Herbert Gaston, ex'08, Secretary ofthe Farm Board.* Floyd W. Reeves, AM'21, PhD'25,Personnel Director, TennesseeValley Authority.Francis J. Carr, gr'15, Comptroller,Tennessee Valley Authority.C. Arthur Bruce, '06, JD'08, ViceChairman and Executive Officer,Lumber Code Authority.J. Elmer Thomas, '12, TechnicalAdvisor to the Petroleum CodeAuthority. Henry Bruere, 'oi, Coordinator ofCredit Expansion Agencies.# William F. Ogburn, Professor ofSociology, Former Member Consumers' Committee, NRA.*Paul Douglas, Professor of Economics, Member, Consumers'Committee, NRA.# Harlan H. Barrows, Professor andChairman, Department of Geography, Member, Mississippi ValleyBoard, NRA.In Government# President Robert Maynard Hutchins, Chairman, Advisory Committee on Employment.^William E. Dodd, Professor ofAmerican History, Ambassador toGermany.* Charles E. Merriam, Chairman, Department of Political Science, Advisory Committee of the PublicWorks Administration.* Stuart A. Rice, Professor of Sociology, Assistant Director of theBureau of the Census. James Pinckney Pope, LLB'09, U. S.Senator from Idaho.Arthur R. Robinson, '13, U. S.Senator from Indiana.Simeon Fess, gr'o2, U. S. Senatorfrom Ohio.Kathryn O'Loughlin McCarthy,JD'20, Congresswoman from Kansas.Edward Eicher, '04, Congressmanfrom Iowa.Frank R. Reid, ex'04, Congressmanfrom Illinois.Paul J. Kvale, ex' 17, Congressmanfrom Minnesota.Russell Ellzey, gr. st., Congressmanfrom MississippiWilburn Cartwright, gr. St., Congressman from OklahomaJames W. Robinson, JD '22, Congressman from UtahCamilo Osias, gr. St., Resident Commissioner from Philippine Islandsto United States Congress.* Faculty Members.PhB '01— NRA '33A WRITER for a mostconservative journaldescribes Donald R.Richberg as one of the mostimportant men in theUnited States. To those whohave followed the career ofthe present General Counselof the National Recovery Administration since he enteredthe University with theFreshman Class of 1897, thisstatement comes as no surprise. For Don Richberg wasone of the campus leaders inhis undergraduate days. Hisscholastic record was mostcreditable. He won thegreatly prized scholarship inpublic speaking in both thejunior and senior colleges.He was one of those whose extra-curricular activities filled many a line in the Cap and Gown.He proved his versatility by winning handballchampionships, singing in the glee club, editingthe University weekly, walking a mile in incredibly fast time as a member of the track team,writing a comic opera, leading the cheers on thefootball field, and taking a principal part in aShakespearian revival.He graduated with the Class of 1901, a yearbefore the establishment of the University ofChicago Law School, and so turned to Harvardfor his professional training, but returned toChicago to begin the practice of law in 1904.In 1911, like Secretary Ickes, he was a leaderin the movement to elevate Professor Charles E.Merriam to the mayoralty of Chicago, and ranfor States Attorney, on the same progressiveticket. Defeated, along with Merriam, he lostnone of his ardor for battle and the next yearwas a front rank leader in the Bull Moose Campaign. For a few months he headed the NationalLegislative Reference Bureau, making headquarters in New York where he had frequentDonald R. Richberg and intimate contacts withTheodore Roosevelt.Back again to Chicago,and his law practice, he wasnominated for judge of theCircuit Court but was defeated in the election of1915. The same year, he wasappointed special counselfor the city of Chicago in itsfight against the local gascompany. This litigationcontinued for twelve years,but as early as 1920, a valuation of the gas company wassecured that saved the people of Chicago two milliondollars a year on their gasbills.By 1922, Richberg hadbecome counsel for therailway unions in a federal injunction suit andthe next year was appointed chief counsel forthe National Conference on the Valuation ofRailways. It was in this capacity that he helpedto write the Railway Labor Act, passed by Congress in 1926.Since 1926 he has been counsel for the Railway Executives Association.In 1929 he argued the O'Fallon Railroad Valuation Case, called by one jurist "the most important litigation of the generation," before theUnited States Supreme Court, as "friend of theCourt," by resolution of the United States Senate.Despite his professional activities, Richberghas found time to write five books and manymagazine articles and reviews.His interest in his University has never waned.The best Chicago songs have come from his pen.His witty verses have been read at many analumni celebration. As president of the ChicagoAlumni Club, his address at the Harper Memorial Library dedication was a masterpiece.Methinks Don Richberg learned somethingmore than cheer leading at the U. of C.19THE RACE FOR ARMAMENTS IN ADVERTISING• By JAMES W. YOUNG, Professor of Business History and AdvertisingWHAT we call national advertising, inthe modern sense, really dates fromabout 1890. Before that time the chiefusers of advertising were the patent medicinepeople. After that time the idea of packaged andbranded merchandise spread to more staple linesof business, and the advertising solicitor and theadvertising agent went up and down the highways and byways of business preaching the advertising gospel.As part of this effort to promote the use of advertising, there developed two well-knownphrases which indicate the way in which advertising was viewed by its early apostles. Thesephrases were: "It pays to advertise" and "Keeping everlastingly at it brings success." Both thesephrases imply essentially the same thing, namely,that the most important thing about advertisingis just the doing of it. Never mind the where,when, and how of advertising, they seem to say;just keep your name before the public; keep itthere everlastingly, and collect the inevitablereward.At the time these phrases developed, the doctrine which they epitomized was true. Many bigand successful businesses of today were foundedon this truth. It was true because, in certain circumstances, mere familiarity with a name is sufficient to create a buying preference for the product carrying that name. In nearly every line thefield was wide open, with no name or brand behind the goods one bought except that of themerchant from whom they were purchased. Thusthe first man to advertise consistently a whitefloating soap stamped "Ivory" could make hisproduct stand out like the one lighted house in arow of dark ones. Similarly, the first man to advertise a canned soup, or a soda cracker, or ashoe, could gain the same advantage.In this process of securing familiarity aloneby the use of advertising just two things are necessary: first, the advertisement must get opticalattention; and second, there must be eternalrepetition. An examination of some of the advertising of the '90's shows how its style was adapted to do these two things. Optical attention was bidfor with bold, black type and with all sorts ofmerely eye-catching devices. In a manner ofspeaking, the advertiser turned a few typographical handsprings to attract attention, and thenshouted the name of his product. Repetition wasachieved by the use of small space and frequentinsertions.For about twenty-five years this rule that "Itpays to advertise" held good. But it was alwaysgood absolutely for only the first man to advertise a given kind of merchandise. The second advertiser in the same line found it slightly lesstrue; the third found it considerably less true;and the fourth found it practically not true atall— that is, if each of them used advertisingmerely for the purpose of familiarizing the publicwith his brand. But such is the power of slogansin our thinking, and so strong was the evidenceof the early successes of "It pays to advertise,"that it took a long time and many advertisingfailures to show that a new formula had to bediscovered.Also the failure of this familiarizing process towork as well for the second, third, or fourth manas it had for the first was obscured by anotherfact. This fact was that acceptance of the nationaladvertising idea took place at the same time thatinventions of all kinds were bringing new typesof consumers' goods onto the market. These newproducts had news to tell, and they used advertising to tell it, not merely to familiarize the publicwith their names. This news advertising for automobiles, refrigerators, radios, improved foods,and household goods also made many advertisingsuccesses. The failures of the older type of advertiser were lost sight of among the increasedvolume of advertising which came from thesenew products.The first formula which was tried for overcoming the decreasing effectiveness of pure brandfamiliarity advertising was the formula of dominance. This formula was, literally, to outspendand outshout your competitor. It tended to concentrate advertising expenditures in fewer publi-20THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 21cations— in the leading magazines, for instance. Indoing this, it gave these magazines the financialresources for improving their editorial contentsand thus increasing their circulation. It also concentrated the advertising competition, and madethe game one which called for higher and higherstakes. Thus it reduced the chances of the smallermanufacturer.In the beginning this dominance idea worked.Again the first man to follow it often profited.Then when his competitors also adopted it theprocess began to be like a race for armaments-first full pages, then double pages, then coloradded to these— all just efforts to fire off biggerand bigger guns.Of course not all advertisers were infected withthese ideas. There were many sane ones whowent along telling, the news about their products.But there grew up a whole class of what wereknown as "general publicity" advertisers, whoadvertised just because "It pays to advertise" andbecause their competitors did. These were theones who became involved in "the race for armaments."Along with all this, advertising and sales promotion were growing into a kind of cult. Theydeveloped organization, technique, and a vocabulary all their own. In a word, promotion becameself-conscious and tended to become an end initself. The art of "putting things over" beganto receive more attention in some quarters thanthe art of making things that would go over without putting. This increased the purely advertising competition, laid a heavier burden on theadvertising and promotion man, and called fora new inventiveness on his part.To all this the advertising man respondedwith the discovery that advertising could be usedto overcome inertias with reference to the products to be advertised, and to add a value whichthe product itself did not have. And this bringsus to the outstanding characteristic of advertisingtoday.If we examine all the advertising in a currentissue of any given magazine we find that comparatively little of it is a simple, straightforwardaccount of what the product is and what it willdo. Instead we find that a large percentage of itis built around an idea which is not necessarilyinherent in the product itself. For example, "It'stoasted" could probably have been said of any cigarette, and "Keep that schoolgirl complexion"said of any bland soap.Similarly, if you will examine what advertisingmen say of themselves when they promote themselves you will find them laying stress on the selling ideas which they have created. Note that:—which they have created, not which the manufacturer has put into the product. And this iswhat the advertiser, too, is asking the advertisingman for. "Give me another idea as good as Lister-ine's Halitosis" is the constant cry which the advertising man hears.This, then, is the new advertising competition—the competition between ideas invented bythe advertising man rather than between products invented by the manufacturer. The advertising for White Rock water is a perfect exampleof this change. For many, many years this productwas advertised purely on the brand familiaritybasis. It became widely known, and throughfamiliarity alone won probably the leading placein its field. But look at its current advertising.The product is the same, not a word about anychange or improvement in it. But now the advertising is built around a very definite and well-dramatized idea: "Get over on the alkaline side."It is an idea which combats the habit of mixingdrinks, soft or otherwise, with such sweet liquidsas ginger ale, and it is an idea which capitalizeson a wide-spread public fear of acidosis.It is for ideas like this that the advertiser andthe advertising man are searching today. Theyare searching, for instance, through the literatureof medicine and scientific research; and some advertising agencies employ specialists, men witha scientific education, just for this purpose.But most of all the advertising man is searching for such ideas in what might be called thefield of subjective values. He has discovered thatthe objective values in a piece of merchandisemay be the least of its appeals. As one advertisingman said: "For 98^ you can buy at any cornerdrug store all the chemical ingredients of a man."While this is probably an exaggeration it makesthe point that there is much more to life thancan be weighed in scales or analyzed in testtubes. Thus, for instance, the advertising manhas discovered that social status, . a purely subjective value, is held priceless by most of us.Similarly he has discovered the subjective valueof beauty. Hence styling in packages, color22 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEschemes, and smart or ultra-modern design hasbecome part of the work of advertising, and thechief selling appeal for many products. More recently the advertising man has discovered whatthe editor and showman always knew, that thegreatest, strongest and most continuouscraving of human beings is for entertainment. Perhaps I should say thatthe advertising man has discovered howto hitch this craving to his products.Radio has done much to teach him this, but the idea has spread to other fields of advertising, and is one of the most noticeable of thecurrent trends. Thus from the field of scientificresearch, from the great field of subjective values,and from the field of entertainment, advertisingideas are being drawn. This competition between ideas instead of productsis, in my opinion, the most marked characteristic of current advertising practice,and the most fundamental of the current trends in advertising.A MUSICAL NOTEBOTH praised and condemned, but certainlyawaited with keen interest, is the series of' Symphony Concerts scheduled by theUniversity Orchestral Association for this year.For, at the suggestion of Professor MartinSchikze, president of the Association, ConductorStock is departing from the conventional arrangement of selections on each program, and will present, instead, an historical survey of music.Each of the six programs will be organized sojas to present, briefly and concisely, a part of asurvey of the western world's best symphonicmusic, ranging from Bach and Handel to thepresent day. The first half ofeach concert will be devoted torepresentative works of thegreat classic masters; the secondhalf of each afternoon will begiven over to the best of modernmusic.Although some have expressed the opinion that thecombinations of classics andmoderns resultant will inducemusical indigestion, everyone ismost interested in the series,both as a program innovationand as an expression of the"survey technique" so popularwith the educators on the quadrangles. Leon Mandel HallThe traditional scene of the SymphonyConcerts at the UniversityAt Professor Schutze's suggestion, a tentativelist has been drawn up by Cecil Smith, AssistantProfessor of Music. Subject to final revision byDr. Stock, the programs offer some startlingjuxtapositions. For instance, the second concertmay open with Handel's Concert Grosso No. 2,in F Major, followed by Mozart's C Major("Jupiter") Symphony, and conclude with Mos-solow's "Soviet Iron Foundry" and the Suitefrom Stravinsky's "Petrouchka."Other afternoons will bring the compositionsof Gabrieli-Thomas, Bach, Wagner, RichardStrauss, Weinberger, Rameau, Beethoven, Honeg-ger, Ravel, Schmitt, Debussy,Schubert, Weber, Brahms, Ko-daly, Walton, Vaughan Williams and Copland.As in other years, the concertswill be presented at MandelHall by the Chicago SymphonyOrchestra, directed by Dr. Stock,Tuesday afternoons at 4: 15.The first will take placeNovember 7.In addition to the six symphonies, there will be a specialsong recital by Claire Dux,Tuesday evening, January 23.Tickets for this concert are included in season books for theseries.THE UNIVERSITY GOES NBC• By C T. ENGDALL, '32NBC takes the Round Table. The broadcasting of The Round Table on the rednetwork and the supplementary chainsof the National Broadcasting Company is asmomentous as Professor Moulton's twenty-minute broadcast over station WMAQ in 1922.The broadcast goes over 52 stations from coast tocoast. The Round Table is the first regular chainsustaining program emanating from any collegeor university. It is the first extemporaneous program on the chain. Its being extemporaneousmeans, of course, that there is to be no censorshipof the broadcasts. The National BroadcastingCompany accepts and trusts the policy of the University's radio committee, the committee which isresponsible for the determination of the weeklysubjects as well as the selection of the men whoshall participate in the broadcasts of the RoundTable.When you find T. V. Smith chairman of acommittee consisting of Percy Boynton, LouisBrownlow, Harry Gideonse, Simeon Leland,Donald Slesinger, William H. Spencer, thereneed be no doubt as to the sustained quality ofthe Round Table broadcasts. For those who maynot know these men: T. V. Smith is professor ofphilosophy and Editor of the InternationalJournal of Ethics; Percy Boynton is professor ofEnglish and popular literary critic; Louis Brownlow is a lecturer in political science and directorof the Public Administration Clearing House;Harry Gideonse is an associate professor of economics; Simeon Leland is professor of economicsand state tax commissioner; Donald Slesinger isprofessor of law and associate dean of the SocialSciences; William H. Spencer is dean of theSchool of Business and professor of business law.These men furnish guarantee that the RoundTable broadcasts will be packed with power,interest and timeliness and will be, above all,impartial and authoritative.This fall, the radio will be used to coordinatethe classroom lectures in the humanities coursewith the home study humanities course. It is plain that the classroom broadcast of the course in thehumanities will furnish a happy and unique contact between the professor and the persons takingthe same course in the home study department.A BRIEF FOR RADIOThey were praised for their endeavor,And were counted very clever,When those correspondence courses helped them win.Now the adult populationWith a yen for education,Lounge about as lecture hounds and "listen in."If you crave "old English' ' courses,"French," or "economic forces,"Park your hoe or scrubbing pail and turn the dial."Psychological complexes"—"Physiological reflexes,"Each is offered by a prof with lots of style.Lo! this wholesale erudition,Minus varsity tuition,Has so multiplied the highbrow crowd of lateThat the president maneuveredTo correct what had been HooveredWith a "brain trust" fit to guide our ship of state!Canterbury Pilgrim(Leona Canterbury Mandeville '02)When you feel so moved, write to your stationand express your appreciation of the University'sbroadcasts. Every letter will, of course, redoundto the credit of the Radio Department at theUniversity.THE UNIVERSITY RADIO CALENDARFALL QUARTERThe Round Table— Sundays— 11:30-12:00 a.m. NBC (RedNetwork).Interpreting Business Events— Monday and Thursday—7:30 to 7:45. KYW.Problems of Parents in Dealing with Their Children—Monday— 2:30 to 3:00. KYW.What is New in Music— Monday— 10:15-10:30 a.m. WJJD.Chapel Sen/ices— Sunday— 11:00-12:00. WGN.Home Economics— Mondays— 10:00-10:15 a.m. WJJD.The Humanities (Classroom Broadcast)— Tuesday,Wednesday, and Thursday— 1:30 to 2:15. WMAQ.Environment and Race (Classroom Broadcast)— Tuesdayto Friday, Inclusive— 10:00 to 10:30 a.m. WJJD.Unless otherwise specified, the time is p.m.2324 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEBOOK REVIEWAncient Writing (Our Debt toGreece and Rome, vol. xxxviii).By B. L. Ullman. New York:Longmans, Green and Co., 1932.Pp. vii-)-224 and 16 plates. ($1.75.)THE series entitled "Our Debtto Greece and Rome" has dealt,for the most part, with differentphases of classical literature. Thepresent volume, however, in whichthe word writing is used in its othersense, emphasizes the part played bythe ancient Romans in developingthe mechanical process by which wecommit our thoughts to pen andpaper. This exposition, by a lessskillful hand than that of ProfessorUllman, might have proved so intricate and technical as to frightenaway those who have more curiositythan knowledge concerning the matters discussed. Such a catastrophehas happily been averted, for thematerial is presented so clearly andsimply that it is entertaining to thelayman, who, as a result, may evenbe lured to delve into some moreweighty tome bearing on the samesubject.But though the book is writtenin a semi-popular style, evidencesof the author's scholarship are visiblethroughout. For example, the firstchapters discuss the origin of thealphabet, a controversial subjectabout which much has been written.Professor Ullman's account, givenbriefly and succinctly, is the result ofhis own researches in this field, inwhich he has published some authoritative monographs. Likewise, inthe chapters devoted to paleography,the author's familiarity with thestudy of manuscripts, acquired fromyears of working with them, lendsweight to his discussion. A numberof plates, containing excellent examples of the different kinds ofscript described in the text, enableone to form an acquaintance withthe various hands and to trace theirdevelopment. Other parts, of moregeneral interest, deal with the invention of printing, the names of theletters of the alphabet, abbreviations and ligatures, writing materialsand numerals. Harper Memorial Library from the MidwayThis book, then, should appeal toa wide range of readers. Scholarswill find it most valuable for reference, and those whose interest lieschiefly in other fields may be enlightened and diverted simultaneously by perusing it. The volume isan outstanding contribution to theseries of which it forms a part.Dorothy M. Robathan, PhD'29Wellesley CollegeChicago Alumni in the CurrentMagazinesAmerican Mercury— SeptemberThe High Costs of ObstetricalCare, Morris Fishbein, '11, MD'12American Mercury— OctoberAll Dressed Up and Nowhere toGo, James T. Farrell, '29Asia— OctoberSpades Are Trumps at Persepolis,Charles Breasted, '20 Chicagoan— SeptemberChicagoana, Donald C. Plant, '25.A Page of Sports Comment, Kenneth D. Fry, '28. The Fair Turnsa Corner, Milton S. Mayer, '29Colliers Weekly— September 30A Passage to Rangoon, AlanLamay, '22Harpers— OctoberWhat Alfonso Left Behind, JohnGunther, '22. Among the NewBooks, Harry Hansen, '09National Geographic— OctoberExploring the Secrets of Persepolis,Charles Breasted, '20Poetry— SeptemberTwo Poems, Ruth Earnshaw, '31Review of Reviews—SeptemberSome Dangers of Soviet Trade,Harrison H. Wheaton, '11, JD'11Scribners— SeptemberThe Nightingale, a poem, GeorgeDillon, '27Survey Graphic— OctoberFrontispiece by Martha BensleyBruere, '04. Intelligence andPoverty, Ethel Kawin, '11, AM'25IN MY OPINIONBy FRED B. MILLETT, PhD '31 Associate Professor of English^THE fact that no attempt has hitherto beenmade to survey contemporary British criticism since Orlo Williams' sketchy Contemporary Criticism of Literature (1924) is profoundly indicative of the lack of English interestin a phase of literary expression as significant asthe creative.* This singular deficiency, unparalleled in any other country in Western Europe orin the United States, is, in all probability, due tothe British distrust of general ideas regarding the arts, their lack of curiosity about them,their easy habit of mistaking chatter about booksfor significant analysis, description, or evaluation. In consequence, most British critics arethemselves unaware of the critical creed that isthe foundation of their activity, and their readersare even more unconscious of the ethical oraesthetic implications of the casual utterances oftheir favorites. Contemporary British critics areunaware, not only of their own critical aestheticcreeds, but of the category to which their workbelongs or the colleagues who spiritually or temperamentally are their fellows. As a result, onefinds nothing of that lively polemical controversybetween schools and creeds that has cleared theatmosphere in contemporary American criticism.One looks in vain in English criticism for suchstrenuous combats as the humanist-naturalist orthe aesthetic-sociological controversies. To besure, the reviewing of scholarly publications, ledby the authoritative Times Literary Supplementand imitated successfully by such organs as theManchester Guardian and the London Observer,contrasts sharply with the situation in America,where the reviewing of scholarly publications isconfined to highly specialized journals. But,when one looks for equally authoritative pronouncements on creative publications, his expectation is -bound to be disappointed.Yet, despite the individualistic and impressionistic nature of most English literary criticism,it is interesting to attempt some sort of classifica-*The following remarks form a part of a critical survey to appear in the forthcoming edition of Manly and Rickert's Contemporary British Literature, (Harcourt, Brace and Co.). tion of the most prominent or productive critics,and with no intention of imitating a criticalProcrustes, we shall consider the most conspicuous critics as allied, even though vaguely or unconsciously, to one or another of the followingtypes of criticism: aesthetic, historical, biographical, or sociological.In view of the English critics' lack of interestin abstract ideas or in the philosophy of art andliterature, it is not surprising that the contribution of contemporary criticism to theoreticalaesthetics has been disappointingly slight. Numerous critics, to be sure, have emitted theoreticalobiter dicta, but these can hardly be taken seriously or systematically. Possibly the most activecritic in this direction is Lascelles Abercrombie.The philosophical bent of his creative activityin poetry furnishes an excellent background forhis essentially professorial utterances in an EssayToward a Theory of Art and Romanticism. Contemporary British criticism has been much morefecund in the closely allied field of aesthetictechnique, to which, indeed, Abercrombie hascontributed the Principles of English Prosody.It has made much more vital progress in thestudy of technique than in any other form ofcritical activity. To this field belong RobertBridges' studies of classical and English prosody,his championship of Gerard Manley Hopkins,and his absorbed interest in refinements ofrhythm and language. In this category we alsofind Percy Lubbock's study of the point of view infiction in the Craft of Fiction, E. M. Forster's individualistic but professionally authoritative Aspects of the Novel, and George Moore's incisiveand disillusioned comments, particularly in Conversations in Ebury Street, on the technicaldeficiencies of novelists, contemporary and otherwise. More theoretical than technical are hiscomments on pure poetry, in the anthology ofpure poetry which he fastidiously selected. Acompanion to Moore in contemptuousness, ifnot in discrimination, is Robert Graves, whoseown evolution in poetic technique has been accompanied by a series of technical-theoretical2526 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEdiscussions of the nature of poetry and poeticcraftsmanship. Despite their astringencies andegotistical insolence, his collaborations withLaura Riding, a Pamphlet against Anthologiesand a Survey of Modernist Poetry, furnish valuable guides to the radical point of view in thecriticism of poetry.On the uncertain margin between aestheticsand psychology is the tremendously influentialwork that is being done by critics concerned primarily with an analysis of the experiences stimulated by art. A pioneer in this type of criticalobservation and analysis is Vernon Lee, whosestudies of the doctrine of empathy and the significance of physiological rhythm have not had theinfluence they deserve. The contemporary leaderin this type of work is I. A. Richards, who is,with the possible exception of T. S. Eliot, themost influential and fructifying of current critics.Richards is primarily concerned with the studyof the processes of comprehension and evaluation. On the first process, he has thrown an amazing light by distinguishing the obstacles, whethersensory, emotional, or intellectual, to comprehension, and in his consideration of evaluation,he has contended against the isolation of thevalue commonly known as aesthetic and for theintegration of all values, aesthetic and moral,technical and intellectual, as they are or are notcompellingly embodied in the work underscrutiny. Richards' value-theory of the arts notmerely corrects inadequacies common to mostcritical processes, but, if widely understood andaccepted, will harmonize the conflict betweenaesthetes and moralists, and redeem contemporarycriticism from the trivial and doctrinaire. Worksomewhat similar to Richards' has come from theskilled hand of Herbert Read, but his influenceis most apparent in such less urbane analysts asWilliam Empson and F. R. Leavis. Leavis' NewBearings in English Poetry applies Richards'technique of study to the defence of a somewhatarrogantly advanced point of view.The aesthetic critic who is something morethan a psychologist is concerned with the workof art primarily as a work of art and not as asociological or psychological document. His purpose is, on the one hand, appreciation, and onthe other, evaluation or appraisal. But to theaesthetic fold belong a variety of critics, from theaustere classicist to the exuberant romanticist and delicate impressionist. The classical critic ofthe aesthetic variety, as the American IrvingBabbitt wrote, "must rate creation with referenceto some standard set above his own temperamentand that of the creator. . . . He will begin tohave taste only when he refers the creative expression and his impression of it to some standardthat is set above both." That standard he findsin the great works of the past, preferably in theGreek and Roman classics, but also in the admittedly great works in the English or Continentaltradition. The leader in aesthetic criticism of the; classic sort is the Anglo-American T. S. Eliot,who has moved critically from the absolutist position he maintained in The Sacred Wood to thatof the conventional critical classicist. His growing political and religious conservatism has paralleled his aesthetic conservatism. His function incriticism, like that of Matthew Arnold, whosepontifical manner he affects, is that of redefiningthe values of such great figures of the past asDante, Donne, and Shakespeare, to their ownage, but more particularly to our own. He is thuson the very verge of historical criticism, thoughhis scholarly equipment is too meagre, and hisattitude toward literature too doctrinaire, tomake him the perfect historical critic. But hiscapacity for subtle analysis, his adroit, not to saysophistical, handling of ideas, and the widelyadmired lucidity and severity of his prose stylecombine to make him one of the most distinguished of contemporary critics. Temperamentalrather than philosophical conservatism is apparent in a number of minor critical works ofthe period, such as Clemence Dane's Traditionand Hugh Walpole, Rose Macaulay's The Noveland Mr. Robinson, Hugh Walpole's The English Novel, and the feeble Victorianism of AlfredNoyes' Aspects of English Poetry. But no discipleworthy of Eliot's influence has as yet appeared,although something of his severity without hisimpeccable taste appears among the contributorsto the critical symposia, Scrutinies, edited byEdgell Rickwood.Still within the aesthetic fold but at the opposite extreme to the traditionalists and the classicists are the impressionistic critics. Like theclassical critic, primarily concerned with theartistic value of the work under inspection,the impressionistic critic finds the standard ofjudgment within himself, either among his sen-THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 27sations or in his exquisite personal taste. "Tohave sensations in the presence of a work of artand to express them, that is the function of Criticism for the impressionistic critic,"— such is J. E.Spingarn's statement of the creed. Unlike classicism, which is absolutist in tendency and sympathy, impressionism is relativistic in theory andpractice, and is allied historically with the romantic decadence of the later nineteenth century.Its chief living exponent in contemporary Britishcriticism, Arthur Symons, took over the maintenets of his critical creed from his master,Walter Pater, substituting for the "powers"which the former found various works of literature to express, "forces, "which it is the concernof criticism to distinguish. Actually, Symons isconcerned with the description of the sensationsand emotions that works of art induce in himrather than with evaluation and judgment. Theexperiences he is open to are conditioned directlyby his temperamental sympathy with the decadent, the macabre, and sinister (in contrast tothe decorous inhibited temperament of Pater).Consequently, Symons is at his best when hissubject is a temperamentally appealing city orpainting, artist or actress, an ambiguous figurelike Wilde or Baudelaire, and at his weakest,when he ventures upon specific judgments inmost of which time has proved him wrong. Themeasure of the impressionistic critic's achievement is, after all, his temperament, and Symons' is too "ninetyish" not to seem distinctly anachronistic nowadays.Among dozens of writers less temperamentallydistinct than Symons, less tittilated by the decadent identification of ecstasy and sin, impressionism flourishes, because it is not only personalbut aesthetically irresponsible. The result is that,unless the personality behind the criticism takeson some definiteness, the critical activity itselfseems to proceed in the complete absence of principles. Contemporary book-reviewing, as illustrated by such writers as Sir John Squire andGerald Gould, serves for little more than to exhibit such writers' safe and sane mediocrity oftaste and the tiresome cheerfulness of the heartyBriton.Certain personalities, however, emerge, if precariously, from the welter of impressionism incontemporary English criticism. The personalessayist, Robert Lynd, has managed to carry overinto the field of criticism some of the qualitiesof enthusiasm and charm that mark his essays,and Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch holds forth onliterature of any period with a gusto and vigorthat leave no doubt as to his hearty manliness,even though a shortage of facts makes his scholarship suspect. But as long as English critics agreethat to take criticism seriously is not quite sporting, English criticism is likely to remain on thelevel of cultivated chatter.(To be continued.)II.International HouseNEWS OF THE QUADRANGLES• By JOHN P. HOWE, '27WITH a fresh lift of spirit, the University this autumn enters upon theforty-second year of its teaching andresearch and upon the fifth year of the presidencyof Robert M. Hutchins. It has not merely survived in the hard times. It has continued to growin vigor, cohesion, and resourcefulness; if not in"size." Wise management has prevented, in largemeasure, the process of attrition to which manyinstitutions have been subjected by depression.This optimism is not due to the NRA, thepresence of a good football team, or to the factthat the budget was balanced this year withoutrecourse to cuts in faculty salaries. It is due tothe soundness of the University's ideals, one cannot help saying again.Most significant of symptoms is the fact thatthe fall quarter enrollment, running counter tothe trend in most universities of the region, hasincreased over last year, by 8%. A total of 785classes opened on the Midway campus on October 3rd and 285 courses began in the UniversityCollege downtown. Offerings at the Midway wereas follows: 156 classes in the biological sciences;213 in the humanities; 115 in the physical sciences; 102 in the social sciences; 152 in the professional schools; and 97 discussion sections in theCollege. Professor Edgar J. Goodspeed, son ofone of the founders of the University, and himself a student during the first year, was the principal speaker at the 41st annual commemorativechapel exercises.Eight new department heads and one new deanhave been installed since last June. With theirdepartments they are: Charles R. Baskerville,English; William H. Taliaferro, hygiene and bacteriology; Martin J. Sprengling, Oriental languages and literatures; C. Judson Herrick, anatomy; Bernadotte Schmidt, history; Gordon J.Laing, acting head of comparative philology;Edwin E. Aubrey, Christian theology and ethicsin the Divinity School; Thomas N. Metcalf,physical culture and athletics; Major Preston T.Vance, military science and tactics; and ShirleyJ. Case, dean of the Divinity School. Formal work in one new field of scholarship,the history of science, has been inaugurated thisautumn. This project, part of a larger scheme forintegrating the historical work in a dozen departments of the University, will concern itselfchiefly with the development of Western sciencefrom the Renaissance to the present. ProfessorCharles Morris of the philosophy department offers a course in this field, in conjunction wTith aseries of lectures to be given throughout the yearby the University's most eminent scholars andscientists.Several new men have been added to the faculty. Professor John M. Gaus, of the Universityof Wisconsin, is one of two recent additions tothe political science department in the field ofpublic administration. During the summer Dr.Marshall Dimock, lately of the University of California, was appointed as associate professor of political science in this field. Presence of the headquarters of nine semi-public groups, includingthe United States Conference of Mayors, adjacentto the University, is expected to make the Chicagocampus the leading center of public administration research in the country. Dr. Paul Weiss, ofVienna, has been added to the staff in zoology,Dr. Charner Perry to the philosophy department,and Professor Charles O. Hardy, specializing inbanking and in transportation problems, to theeconomics department for the year. Announcement is expected shortly of the appointment oftwo eminent German scholars who have been displaced from their posts by Nazi influence."Who's Who"Biographies of 1,628 former students at theUniversity of Chicago appear in the 1932-33 edition of "Who's Who in America," Charlton T.Beck, alumni secretary at the University, announced at the completion of a check-up. Theimpressiveness of this figure is heightened by thefact that eighty-four of the 1,628 former Midwaystudents who are listed are now college presidents.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE *9The current edition of "Who's Who" containsa total of 30,545 brief biographies, and the University of Chicago representation is therefore5.32% of the whole. One in every nineteen persons listed is a former University of Chicago student.While figures for the representation fromother institutions are not available, the University of Chicago's showing is made striking by thefact that there are approximately one thousandcolleges in the United States, and that the University of Chicago, at the time most of its "Who'sWho" representatives were students, was a muchsmaller institution than it is now. Approximately85% of all the people listed in "Who's Who" areformer college students.Of the 1,628 former University of Chicago students listed, 316 were awarded bachelor's degreesat Chicago, 217 were awarded master's degrees,460 were awarded Doctor of Philosophy degrees,55 were awarded divinity degrees, 90 wereawarded medical degrees, and 45 were awardedlaw degrees. A total of 683 ex-students who didnot earn Chicago degrees are included. Of thosein "Who's Who" who did win Chicago degrees174 individuals earned two degrees at Chicago,29 individuals earned three degrees at Chicago,and two individuals earned four degrees at Chicago. Appropriate deductions for duplication ofdegrees bring the grand total of individuals to1,628.jt 4«. j£.W W "7!"Judd on EducationSweeping reforms in the organization of American education beyond the six elementary grades,aimed to correct "indefensible overlappings," areadvocated by Professor Charles H. Judd, head ofthe Department of Education at the University.Dean Judd outlines a philosophy of educationwhich differentiates between the objectives ofsecondary education and those of higher education, rather than between high school and college."We should draw a line between secondaryschools and institutions of higher educationclearly and definitely so as to exclude from admission to the higher institutions all persons notqualified for independent intellectual activity,"Dean Judd says."The present ambiguous situation can be corrected by making two distinct and supplementary moves. The secondary schools must learn how tocultivate intellectual independence, and the institutions of higher learning must stop admittingunprepared students. If the colleges are to bedevoted to the instruction of immature students,they must give up the pretense that they are institutions of higher education."Secondary education is not synonymous withfour years of high-school education. Higher education is not synonymous with college education.Secondary education covers that period in ayoung person's training during which he discovers some fundamental interest more productive than a mere desire for social enjoyment."Students in higher institutions should be "self-propelled, with a personal interest in intellectualacquisition," Dean Judd believes."What is needed is courageous experimentation. The years to be devoted to a student's educational program will fix themselves. We knowquite certainly from experimentation in the fieldof elementary education that the first stage oftraining can be completed in six years. In thecases of gifted pupils secondary education can,and I think, should, be completed in six years.The gifted pupils, if well trained, are the oneswho should go on into institutions of higher education."The less gifted and less advanced pupils may,if it seems best and industry cannot absorb them,stay in secondary schools for more than six years.The range of courses provided in good secondaryschools is ample to permit eight years of profitablestudy."In such a program, he points out, secondaryschools and higher institutions would divide between them much of the work now done in thetraditional four-year college.High schools should seek to stimulate students,through the use of survey courses taught by ableteachers, with emphasis placed on independentstudy, rather than on perfunctory textbook-recitation."One difficulty standing in the way of all educational progress is the fact that the ability ofhigh school pupils has been underestimated. Thehigh schools make the mistake of not giving pupils an opportunity to carry on mature thinkingand then blame them for being immature."I know of nothing more inappropriate thanthe ninth grade program of the ordinary Ameri-3° THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEcan high school, which consists of a program oftext-book courses in algebra, ancient history, English composition and possibly science, but morecommonly foreign language, usually Latin. Thisis a kind of trial by fire. It has always seemed tome that the educational program is inverted. Interesting and stimulating subjects are offered toolate in a young person's career."Courses on current problems of civilizationshould be taught at this level, Dr. Judd suggests,with English composition reserved for a level "atwhich pupils have something to compose."# m #More RadioThe story of western civilization from the cave *man to the present time will be told over the airfrom the University of Chicago during the nextnine months in one of the most ambitious educational broadcasting programs yet attempted.The Humanities course, one of the four greatsurvey courses of the University's* New Plan, willbe broadcast from the class room by stationWMAQ, on Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursdayafternoons, from 1 : 30 to 2 : 1 5 o'clock. The courseopened October 3 and will continue until June.Through the Home Study department of theUniversity, radio listeners who wish to obtaincredit in the University may do so if they areable to pass the comprehensive examination. TheNew Plan does not require class attendance, permitting a student to obtain credit when he candemonstrate the required level of achievementby passing the examination. The radio audience,receiving the same lectures as those at the University, can do their independent studying in thecourse just as students on the quadrangles do.This course will be the first in which any majoruniversity has offered credit for radio instruction.Three years ago, when the University of Chicago adopted its New Plan of education, it provided four survey courses in the four large fieldsof human knowledge. These courses were in thehumanities, the social sciences, the physical sciences, and the biological sciences, and providedthe basis for the general education which is thepurpose of the college. If the broadcast of thehumanities course meets with the success anticipated, the social sciences course probably willbe broadcast next year.Dealing with the creations of the human mind,and their expression, such as religion, philosophy, the arts, and the whole field of literature, thehumanities course is designed to convey an impression of the sweep and continuity of civilization. The chief subject is the development ofWestern culture. The autumn quarter will carrythe panorama of civilization from the stone agethrough the fall of the Roman Empire.Professors Arthur P. Scott and FerdinandSchevill, who are in charge of the course, will beassisted in the daily lectures by some thirty ofthe University's leading scholars in literature, art,religion, philosophy, and history.Students at the University are guided in thegeneral survey courses by syllabi which outlinethe broad currents under discussion by the lecturers and suggest supplementary readings. Thosesyllabi will be available to all radio listeners atthe cost price, whether or not they wish to takethe course for credit, and will enable them todo their independent studying.* # #Short BibleGenesis yields its traditional first place and becomes the seventeenth book of the Bible, withAmos as the first book in the "Short Bible" whichwas published this month by the University ofChicago Press. Edited by Professor Edgar Johnson Goodspeed and the late Professor J. M. P.Smith, both of the University of Chicago, the"Short Bible" arranges the books in the chronological order in which modern Biblical scholarship establishes them to have been written.Based on the famous "American Translation"published by the University of Chicago two yearsago, the "Short Bible" represents the effort ofthe two Chicago scholars to present all that issignificant of the religious, historical, and literaryelements of the Bible in a form that is readableand intelligible.The "Short Bible" reduced to 546 pages the2000 pages of the standard Bible. Like the "American Translation," the "Short Bible" employsmodern punctuation, with dialogue set in quotation marks, narrative paragraphs, and blankverse, instead of the traditional verse form of theKing James version.Included in the shortened form, as an aid tounderstanding by lay readers, are introductoryessays to each book, which explain the background, history, and significance of each of thebooks.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 3i"No shortened form can be a substitute forthe complete Bible," Dr. Goodspeed says in explaining the purpose of the new book. "Thecomplete Bible is so big, bewildering, and obscure, however, that it intimidates most readers.The 'Short Bible,' by presenting the most significant selections from the Bible, so far as Dr.Smith and I were able to judge them, and by giving brief introductions to each book, is intendedto be a bridge to the complete Bible for theaverage person."Behind the rearrangement of the books in thechronological order which modern scholarshipassigns to them was the intention to reveal thedevelopment of the fundamental values in theHebrew and Christian religion. We know thatthe Book of Amos was written between 765 and750 b.c, and is the earliest of the writings of theOld Testament. Amos expressed the justice ofGod; Hosea, who wrote fifteen or twenty yearslater, and whose book is second in the 'ShortBible,' introduces a different idea— the love ofGod."The rearrangement makes clearer the trendfrom the spiritual conceptions of the earlierprophets to the more formal and legal views ofthe older books of the New Testament."No violence is being done to the Bible in thisrearrangement, and, in point of fact, changing ofthe canonical order of the books is far from beinga new idea. Luther said that four books, Jude, Hebrews, James, and Revelations of John, did notteach Christ, and he rearranged the books in theorder that he considered that they did teachChrist. Tyndale, who followed Luther, did thesame thing."Although elimination of any part of Genesisis almost impossible to justify, Dr. Goodspeedsays, the effort to reduce Isaiah and the Psalmspresented the most difficult task he and Dr. Smithfaced in their selections. There are no selectionsfrom Chronicles, the Song of Songs, Lamentations, Obadiah, Malachi, II Peter, II and IIIJohn, or Jude, but their omission in no wise implies rejection.The Book of Jonah is described in the Good-speed-Smith preface as "a prophetic message inthe form of a story. Jonah is not its author but itshero."Although written at a time when the Jews werefor the most part intensely narrow-minded and self-centered, in the third century before Christ,the Book of Jonah, the essay points out, reflectsthe views of those Jews who thought of theirGod as God of the Universe and lover of all mankind. "It is not a piece of history but of religiousfiction, and it constitutes the first real missionarydocument in religious history."Although the preface makes no reference tothe fact, the Book of Ruth was produced in protest to a Jewish nationalism that is strikinglyparalleled today by the intense German nationalism of Hitler."Early in the fourth century before Christ,strict Jews like Ezra sought to explain the world-liness of the people as caused by their intermarriage with persons not of Jewish descent,"the introduction to the Book of Ruth says. "Ezracalled upon such Jews to put away their foreignwives and to disown their children."The short story of Ruth is a protest againstthis narrow-minded policy. In it, Ruth, thewoman of Moab, is presented as a shining example of what a foreign woman can be. Moreover,the child of her marriage with Boaz, who fromEzra's point of view should have been disowned,became the grandfather of David the king. Thesimple, vivid story becomes a withering protestagainst national intolerance and exclusiveness."The Book of Job, whose classic affliction in theAmerican Translation is a "bad case of leprosyfrom the sole of his feet to the crown of hishead," is described in the introductory essay as"perhaps the greatest piece of literature in theOld Testament. Jews believed, that suffering wasa punishment for sin, and was a mark of divinedispleasure. This crude, harsh understanding ofit the Book of Job proves to be false and unjust."Job's story originally was told in the Prologueand the Epilogue, the introduction explains.Into this were afterward introduced various newsections, including a description of the crocodileand the hippopotamus, written by someone whohad lived in Egypt.Although Solomon came to be regarded as theSage among ancients, the one to whom most proverbs were credited, and was said to have utteredthree thousand proverbs, these social axioms wereactually the work of many minds and periods, theintroduction to Proverbs states. The Goodspeed-Smith essay says that the Book of Proverbs is evidently a collection of collections which probably32 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEreached its present proportions not long after300 b.c. The oldest part of the book, 22:17-24:22, is based upon an Egyptian work, the Wisdom of Amen-em-ope, from which many of theproverbs were taken almost word for word.The American Translation, the text fromwhich the selections for the "Short Bible" weretaken, was published two years ago, by the University of Chicago Press. It contained thousandsof differences from standard versions of the Bible,based on vastly greater resources now available toBiblical scholars as the result, not only of the discovery of more than 4000 ancient Greek textssince Tyndale made his translation from eightmanuscripts, but also the revealing discoveriesof archaeology in the last 50 years.People ....James Spencer Dickerson, honorary trustee andcorresponding secretary of the' University, andeditor of the University Record, died September5th at the age of 80. One of the real pioneers ofthe University, he remained vigorous in its service to the end. He was perhaps little known tothe alumni, but to the faculty he was a cheerfulintimate in his long residence at the Quadrangleclub. It was in the office of "The Standard," aBaptist publication of which Mr. Dickerson wasone of the editors, that William Rainey Harper,T. W. Goodspeed, Frederick Gates and others laid the plans for the formation of the Universitybetween 1890 and 1892. His deep interest in artand his wide friendship among artists was responsible for his selection as an unofficial committee of one which passed on all of the portraitsand busts which now adorn the quadrangles.# # #Dr. Shailer Mathews, dean emeritus of the Divinity School, and Mrs. Mathews sailed for theOrient early this month. Dean Mathews willdeliver the Barrows lectures on the Christian religion in India during the late autumn and winter. . . . Dr. George F. Dick, chairman of the University's department of medicine, and his wife,Dr. Gladys Dick, sailed for Scotland to receive theCameron Prize at the University of Edinburghfor their joint work on the etiology and treatmentof scarlet fever. . . . Two hundred and thirty-three"new plan" students received the College certificate, a new kind of award, this summer upon thecompletion of the work of the College division. . . . Three hundred and sixty lawyers andjudges are registered for the course being giventhis quarter by the Law School at the downtowncollege on the new Illinois Civil Practice Act,which becomes effective January 1. . . . Forty-seven foreign countries and forty-four states ofthe United States were represented in the membership of International House during the pastyear. Residence in the House and use of its facilities exceeded all expectations.These four backs carry most of the offensive hopes of the Maroon football team this seasonLeft to right: Vinson Sahlin, quarterback, veteran of two seasons in which he has been aconsistently good ball carrier; Capt. Pete Zimmer, one of the best backs in the conference; JayBerwanger, sophomore half, and Ewald Nyquist, sophomore.ATHLETICSScores of the MonthFootballChicago, 32; Cornell College, oChicago, 40; Washington U., oChicago, o; Purdue, 14EVIDENCE is replacing hope as the basisfor thinking that the current Chicagofootball team is an able one. Mr. *Shaughnessy and his young men have no defeatistattitude, but there is still a lag on the part ofthe supporters of the team, who are holdingtheir breath, afraid that things are not as real asthey seem. The proof of the ability of the Chicagoteam is not particularly in the two games it haswon. Cornell was light in the line and impotent in the backfield; the score might just aswell have been 92 points instead of 32 points,had Coach Shaughnessy wanted to run it up.Washington was a better team than Cornell, anda better team than the score indicates, but itcontributed more to the six touchdowns thandid the Chicago offense. The Bears feared Chicago's running attack, and brought three menclose up behind the line of scrimmage to stop thedrive. That procedure was all right unless thesecondary men were blocked, in which case thefast Maroon backs had only the safety man toelude, once they were past the line. It also openedup wide territory for Chicago passes, and thequarterbacks took advantage of the opportunity.There was also, according to the Chicago players, considerable dissension among the Washington team.With that practice opposition behind it, Chicago faces the strenuous part of its schedule, withPurdue, Michigan, Wisconsin, Indiana, Illinois,and Dartmouth coming along without a break.If Chicago beats Purdue it will give a convincing demonstration of its strength, for Purduehas magnificent man power, with its usual finearray of backs. Michigan has another of its competent, flawless teams; Wisconsin, playing abruising game, is not to be judged by its showingat Illinois. Indiana has greater potential strength • By WILLIAM V. MORGENSTERN/20, JD '22than Chicago, and Illinois is getting very muchexcited about its team. By the time the Dartmouth game comes around, Chicago either willbe so battered or so triumphant that whatever theBig Green team has will make no difference.The development of the team from the day thatpractice opened on September 15 has been exactlyaccording to expectations. The squad was smallin numbers, and though at one time it had 43candidates, it since has dropped off to 37. Theclear line between the first fourteen or fifteenmen, and the rest of the squad, which was apparent in spring practice, was just as sharp thisautumn. From the start, Coach Shaughnessy Vproblem has been to avoid injuries to his scantygroup of first string men. The new coach does notbelieve in having very much strenuous scrimmage, working on the theory that he would preferto have a fresh and zestful team that is a littleragged on technique of plays than a battered andworn lot of players who know their plays buthaven't the energy to execute them decisively. Upto the day of the Washington game, the Maroonsquad had not scrimmaged more than three hoursin a month. The only injury of consequence inpractice was to Merritt Bush, the towering 220pound tackle, who has not yet played. If the situation as to reserves were better, there would be considerable more confidence as to the future of theteam. The rules, which permit substitution of aplayer in any quarter, are helpful to a smallsquad, for it is possible to give the regulars abreathing spell in each half.Coach Shaughnessy has ideas different fromthose of most coaches as to the program to be followed in developing a team. He started out togive his team its entire defense for the season, andhe taught as high as twenty plays a day. Thenthere was the grind of constant rehearsal, until atthe end of ten days or so, the players had a comprehensive and detailed idea of their offense. As aresult, when Shaughnessy wants to work up aspecial part of his attack for a game, his playersare not getting a mass of new ideas, but are re-THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEfreshing their knowledge of plays with whichthey are already well acquainted. There has beenone serious problem in the coaching of the team,because Otto Strohmeier, who was to haveshouldered the responsibility for the line, hasbeen ill since the practice season opened. Strohmeier is also a keen scout of opponents, able topick out weak spots and get the details of an offense, and his absence has been felt in that fieldas well.There were a few shifts in the position of theplayers this autumn, the most conspicuous ofwhich was to take Barton Smith from end andwork him at fullback. Shaughnessy has beenteaching as many of his players as possible severalpositions, so that there will not be a glaring weakness in case of injury. He has used Ed Cullen, lastyear's fullback, at both quarterback and at hishigh school spot at center. The team started outwith the quarterback calling the signals, butShaughnessy decided that the uproar of a gamemight cause confusion, and so he developed the"butter-fly" shift. This is a combination of a huddle and shift, in which the center is a yard fromthe line of scrimmage, with his back to the ball,and the rest of the team forms in a 4-4-2 diamondpattern. Adjustments called for by the play aremade by the players shifting in this huddle.Shaughnessy's attack has not had much of ademonstration so far, because there was no needfor him to expose his ideas. He plays an "open"game, and his plays are not aimed at grindingdown the field, but to break a man loose for atouchdown. In that part of his offense which hehas not yet displayed he uses a complicated shift,and in all his plays there is real deception. Thereis a little of the Minnesota offense of Dr. Williams,a little of the Wilce Ohio attack, a touch of thesingle-wingback and the "flanker," and considerable of Shaughnessy in the offense. His game isvery interesting to watch.The starting team could have been picked before the season opened, as soon as Coach Shaughnessy decided that Bob Deem was a tackle andthat Smith was to be made into a fullback. Rainwater Wells, a sophomore, and John Womer,junior, who played at tackle last year, are the ends. Deem and Bush were to have started at tackle,but when Bush was hurt, the chunky John Ricestepped right into his place and has done excellent work. Walter Maneikis, senior, and Bob Perretz, sophomore, are the guards, and Ell Patterson is firmly fixed at center. Vinson Sahlin, aftersome misunderstanding between himself and thecoach had been removed, held his position atquarterback, and is playing the best game he hasshown in his three hard working years. Tom Flinnis the other quarterback. Captain Pete Zimmerand Jay Berwanger, the sophomore, are at half,and Ewald Nyquist is at fullback. Various of thereserves are doing right well, including JohnBaker and Bill Langley at the ends; Jim Gold,just eligible, at tackle or guard; and Wayne Rapp,guard; Cullen, who can in a pinch handle thecenter job as well as take a turn in the backfield;Bob Wallace, Keith Hatter, and Barton Smith,backs.The backfield has no peer in the conference.Capt. Zimmer has to be watched every second, orhe will be gone for a touchdown, with his fadingsidestep. Berwanger is essentially a line slasher,but he pivots beautifully and can throw his hipsbetter than any fan dancer on the lake front.Both Zimmer and Berwanger can get the ballwhere they want it when they pass. Sahlin is asshifty as usual, while Nyquist, billed merely as ablocker, gave a stirring display of line plungingagainst Cornell, and made a 49-yard run againstWashington. Coach Shaughnessy expresses nosatisfaction to his team over its blocking, but thestands think it very good. The line is big, close to200 pounds, and it is not intimidated by roughwork on the part of the opposition. It has beenimpregnable on defense in the first two games,but it still has to be given the test of first class opposition. Likewise, its offensive blocking is stilluntested. The only obvious weakness in the teamis its kicking, and that is poor. Berwanger hasbeen doing most of it, but his kickoffs are short,his punts are uncertain, and he has not made anystartling average on place kicks after touchdown.There will have to be decided improvement inthe kicking game, or a lot of the power and skillin this Chicago team will go to waste.NEWS OF THE CLASSESCOLLEGE1896John F. Voight has moved his lawoffices to Suite 903, Chicago TempleBuilding, 77 West WashingtonStreet, Chicago.1897Harry D. Abells and Hay den E.Jones, PhD'98, commandant andassistant commandant of MorganPark Military Academy, opened ajunior college at the Academy thisfall. It is coeducational and is intended to meet the needs of the southside community for a junior college,since the closing of the municipalinstitution. Applicants for admissionfar exceeded the number the plantcould accommodate. ** FrederickDay Nichols has moved his home to355 Riverside Drive, New York.1899Pearl Hunter, AM 21, (Mrs. Wm.Weber) teaches philosophy and psychology at the Municipal Universityof Omaha. In mentioning "secondgeneration" Chicago students in thelast issue of the Magazine, thf: nameof Esther L. Weber, '34, was inadvertently omitted. The first generation of Webers are Mr. WilliamWeber, AM'25, and Mrs. Weber, '99,AM'21, (Pearl L. Hunter).1902Robert L. Henry, JD'08, famed asJudge of the Mixed Court of Alex-'andria, Egypt, was hurt in an automobile accident near Weimar, Bavaria, in September. Mrs. Henrywas injured quite seriously, and theirtwo sons, Alvan and McClelland,were slightly injured. ## Milton H.Pettit is chief of the bureau of exceptions on the staff of Gen. Johnson,for the NRA. He was formerly inbusiness in Kenosha, Wis.1903Florence Ashcraft (Mrs. E. DeanEllenwood) is living in Woonsocket,R. I., where her husband is ministerof the First Universalist Church. 1904Halle Woods is a social workerwith the New York Association forImproving the Condition of the Poor.1905Inga M. K. Allison, SM'26, is professor of home economics at Colorado Agricultural College.1906Anna Jean Gibney heads the Spanish department at Central HighSchool at St. Louis, Mo. In additionto her regular work she is teaching in the Evening High School.1907Otto Gustave Sch?nidt is secretaryof the Schmidt Construction Company, 120 S. LaSalle St., Chicago.1908C. Max Bauer, head naturalist forYellowstone National Park, is alsoa number of other impressive things,including a stratigrapher, an expertin geo-dynamics, a Fellow in the Geological Society of America, a member of the A.A.P.G., the A.A.A.S.,Sigma Xi, and by no means least, aLife Member of the Alumni Association. ## Bernard I. Bell, who recently retired as Warden of St.Stephen's College (Annandale-on-Hudson) and who was a professor ofreligion at Columbia University forfourteen years, has been elected honorary Canon of St. John's Cathedral,Providence, R. I.1909Walton S. Bittner, AM'28, is coauthor with Professor Emeritus Mal-lory of University Teaching ByMail (MacMillan). Prof. Bittner isAssociate Director of the ExtensionDivision of Indiana University andsecretary of the National Associationof Extension Division Officers. ##Marguerite Prendergast (Mrs. Sheldon Toomer) is chairman of the International Relations Committee ofthe A.A.U.W. for Alabama. She continues her interest in music and inthe music clubs of her district. 1910H. O. (Pat) Page had a royal welcome from the California alumniwhen he arrived in Los Angeles thisfall to take charge of physical education at the Montezuma School forBoys at Los Gatos. Prominent Chicagoans present included Paul(Shorty) Desjardiens, '15, HerbertAhlswede, '03, and Norman (Red)Payne, '13, MD'18. Fred Speik, '05,MD'07, introduced Page. *# LuciaRaymond (Mrs. Joseph H. Steidel)is owner of a clerical placement bureau in San Francisco. Her daughteris a freshman at Stanford. ## MattieLouise Hatcher, AM'20, is in elementary education work at Paterson,N. J. For the last five summers shehas taught at the University ofMaine. ** Richard C. Miller is reported to be enjoying life very muchon his ranch near Ekaloka, Mont.1911f Cyrus LeRoy Baldridge was recentlycalled from New Yorkto Washington, D. C,to draw a portrait ofPresident Rooseveltwhile the Presidentwas broadcasting.Baldridge flew downto Washington immediately, andwithin two hours of his telephoneconversation with the capitol was atthe White House. He had onlytwenty minutes in which to makethe sketch. While in Washington hemade several contacts with leadersin the Administration, and drewportraits of them, including one ofSecretary Wallace of the Dept. ofAgriculture. ## Stewart L. Mac-Donald is professor of mathematicsand astronomy at Colorado Agricultural College. #* Donald T. Grey,AM'13, is pastor of the BaptistChurch at Saginaw, Mich.1912Winifred Winne, SM'15, (Mrs. R.A. Conkling) is assisting her husbandin his work with petroleum. A recentvisit to the Century of Progress andto the University convinced her thatthe institution was holding its own.## /. Elmer Thomas is technical ad-3536 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEviser to the petroleum administrativeboard under the NRA.1914E. H. Lunde is "still selling toolsand machinery for cutting screwthreads and on the side 'helping tosave our schools' from the 'Horner-Kelly combine' not to mentionRigheimer. Raising Toggenburggoats on the side. All Chicago menand women welcome to drop in. Nomore 'dividends.' However the onesI have are growing fast,— the olderone is 15, 160 pounds, 5'n" tall, just*/z" behind me." ** Lillian A. Wellsspent last year in New York, butgives 912 N. Ridgeland Ave., OakPark, 111., as her permanent address.## Raymond Quigley, formerly superintendent of playgrounds inFresno, has been appointed superintendent of the combined playgroundand park system of that city.1915Mussie Holland (Mrs. BarnettFogel) is with the Social Service Department of the Court of DomesticRelations, Chicago.1916Lawrence J. MacGregor has accepted the presidency of the SummitTrust Company, Summit, N. J.,about twenty miles from New York,where he has been located for sometime with the New York TrustCompany. The Summit Trust Company has deposits of about five andone-half million dollars and Trustaccounts of about twelve millions. Ithas been established since 1891, andhas weathered the depression verycomfortably. MacGregor lives inChatham, N. J., and has three children, a girl nine, and two boys, sevenand four. He is a Trustee and Treasurer of the Kent Place School forGirls at Summit. ** B. W. Noel,AM'30, is principal of Franklin HighSchool, St. Louis, Mo. #* Rose Nath(Mrs. A. L. Desser) of Los Angelescomments on a recent visit to Chicago: "It was great to get back toChicago this summer. I spent one dayon the campus, visiting old friends,professors, and giving my AlmaMater the once-over. It gave me areal thrill to see it all, and I felt athome in spite of the sixteen yearsintermission." *# Alice MargaretBowers is associate director for theUniversity Halls at Yale University. ** Robert Guy Buzzard, SM'ij, ispresident of the Eastern NormalSchool, Charleston, 111. #* HelenEastman writes that she is on "thegypsy trail, traveling with the sun."She spent August in Boston, and willbe in Washington, D. C, and Floridathis winter. ## Gracia Webster (Mrs.John G. Bartram) and her husbandand three children have moved toCasper, Wyoming. (514 Milton Ave.)1917Dunlap C.Clark, Chicagobanker, is nowpresident ofthe AmericanNational Bankat Kalamazoo,Mich. Clarkhas been with the Continental Illinois National Bank and TrustCompany for the last thirteen years.## Isabel Fink, AM'20, combines amultitude of activities in and abouther home in Schenectady, N. Y., including directing the destiny of asix year old daughter, acting as headof the French department of BrownSchool, "housewifing," serving onthe Board of Directors of the Y. W.C. A., and the Alliance Francaise,doing a little amateur gardening,etc. ** Frances Starin, SM'24, isa member of the delegation of Chicagoans to take up teaching home economics at Colorado AgriculturalCollege. #* Cora A. Anthony spentthe summer working at the A & PCarnival at the Century of Progress.1918Otto J. Gabel, AM'19, principalof the McMurray Training School,which is connected with the NorthernIllinois State Teachers College, hasbeen elected to the office of Secretaryof the Northern Illinois Conferenceon Supervision, a group includingall the principals and supervisors ofnorthern Illinois. He has two daughters, Rachel Jean, nine, and Margery,six.1919Mary S. Irwin (Mrs. Thurston E.Markle) is now at the Indian School,Pierre, S. Dak.1920Isabelle Watson (Mrs. J. E. Tag-gart) has been elected Union CountyCommitteewoman by her constituents in Cranford, N. J. She is much interested in good government; sheis chairman of the Legislation andCivics department of the CranfordCollege Club. *# Virginia Rinard isinstructor in library science atIndiana State Teachers College Library, Terre Haute. ## Hoyt C.Leach, ex, is with the PrudentialInsurance Company in Kansas City,Mo. (2711 Kensington Ave.) ##Walter E. Kramer is general managerof the Pullman Couch Company'sEastern Division, with factory inLong Island City, and showrooms inNew York, Philadelphia and Boston.His firm manufactures living roomfurniture and davenport beds.1921Miriam Simons (Mrs. GeraldLeuck) spent last year in Vienna andParis, doing research work. Her husband, Dr. Leuck, was a member ofthe faculty of the University ofVienna, and did research in chemistry there. Mrs. Leuck's work lay inthe field of cost of dental care, andwas done for the American DentalAssociation. Two volumes reportingthe results of her research have beenpublished by the University of Chicago Press, "Study of Dental Clinicsin the U. S. in 1930" and "FurtherStudy of Dental Clinics in the U. S."## Harriet H. Fillinger, SM'21,recently elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancementof Science, published three scientificarticles this year, and presented twopapers before the Academy ofScience of Virginia. Miss Fillinger isprofessor of chemistry at Hollins College, Va. ## Dolores B. Keeling,statistician, is making a study ofclosed sickness cases of Western Electric Company employees in Chicago.** Ruth Mosser is a case worker withthe Unemployment Relief Service,in Chicago. *# Norma Stelford isassistant professor of mathematics atNorthern Illinois State Teachers College, DeKalb, 111.1922Maurice DeKoven has resigned asassistant United States Attorney forthe southern district of New Yorkto engage in the general practice oflaw. #* Charlotte Carpenter, AM'29, is associate professor of homeeconomics at Colorado AgriculturalCollege.1923Rose Goldsmith (Mrs. Edgar H.Rue) writes: "Last summer, coura-RADIO TELEPHONE"Fisherman's luck" becomes good luck, when Marine Radio Telephone helps withthe catch. This Western Electric equipment sends boats where the fish are running best— brings them into port when the market is best! It keeps fishing company executivesashore in close touch with captains at sea — makes for more profitable operation.Marine Radio Telephone is one of a large family of Western Electric sound transmission products. Others are: broadcasting equipment, police and aviation radio telephone,talking picture apparatus, sound amplifying and distributing equipment, aids for thehard-of-hearing — all backed by more than 50 years of Bell Telephone making.Western EtectrkLEADERS IN SOUND TRANSMISSION APPARATUS38 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEgeously or foolishly, my husband andI gave up our jobs, his in social workpublicity and money-raising, minein family case-work, and went toEurope. We think we were wise. Wehiked through the Schwarzwald ofGermany, and the Austrian Tyrol,visited in Provence, and spent overseven months in Spain, including astay on the much talked of Island ofMallorca. We celebrated the Fourthof July by my giving birth to a babygirl, Joan Patricia, whom we arebringing back to New York at theend of September." ## Ethel M.Woolhiser and Mrs. Helen Messenger, AM'24, are co-authors of a"Manual of Technique of Instruction," published in 1932, and alreadyadopted in twenty different collegesin California, Maine and Alabama.Miss Woolhiser is an associate professor in education at Illinois StateTeachers College, DeKalb. ** EthelC. Woodring taught at the summersession of Allegheny College, Mead-ville, /Penna.1924;R,alph Lee Gezelman, ex, retailscoal in Hartford, Conn.1925Russell G. Smith, ex, sells Willysand Willys-Knight automobiles andis proprietor of the North SideGarage of DeKalb, 111. .** Bessie P.Knight writes that she spent thesummer driving through New England, enjoying both people andplaces. She is still teaching sociologyat South High School, Minneapolis.** Sister Mary Callista Convey reports the regrettable news that shehas been very ill since the middle ofMay, and has been at Mercy Hospital, Chicago, since that time. **Elsie M. Troeger, received her Master's degree from Columbia University Teachers' College this year.*# Elisabeth Coleman is still at Newberry Library "cataloging books andenjoying the many rare copies."1926Walter W. Romig, SM'31, is adraftsman at the Oriental Instituteat the University of Chicago. Hespent a recent vacation in Allentown,Penn. *# Bena Peterson is the sixthgrade teacher at the McMurrayTraining School in DeKalb, Illinois,and is most popular with herstudents. ** Frank Gregor, Jr., isadvertising with Ditto, Inc., Chicago. #* Hazel L. Jones taught reading atthe Johns Hopkins University Summer School this year. Her regularposition is that of instructor in reading at Maryland State NormalSchool, Towson, Md.1927Barbara Davidson checks in afterher vacation which, she writes, "wasconcluded by a day featured by arough and tumble fight to get intothe University Chapel for Convocation Service (interpreted by onebig-eyed visitor as an Episcopal feastday), and a delighted look at the bulland Nebuchadnezzar's lions. #*Elmer Lampe reports that he isstarting his second year as footballcoach and director of physical education at Carleton College, and thatfootball prospects this season are notso rosy. *# Dorothea Adolph teachesfirst grade at Malvern School, ShakerHeights, Cleveland. **. Harry S.Merritt is high school supervisorwith the State Department of PublicInstruction for Wisconsin. He livesat Columbus, Wis.1929Margaret A. Okeson is sponsorand editor of the Farragut JuniorHigh School Broadcaster (Chicago).** Maurice A. Lee, AM'32, teachesat Lincoln University, Jefferson City,Mo. ** Marjorie Ireland is teachingelementary school in Peoria, 111., andwrites a much appreciated note ofcommendation for the Magazine. * *Winifred D. Broderick teaches at theAhrens Trade High School, Louisville, Ky.1930^k, ST~\ Maurice SherwoodYt%^ Slate plans to travelJpO in the south and^w*% west this winter^ Hefmj is a lawyer and presi-/®mjjp&^ dent of the Young/^gg^v America Ice CreamCompany.1931Charles S. Phillips is with theNorthern Trust Company of Chicago. ** Adelaide McLin is teachingkindergarten in St. Joseph, Mich.1932John D. Zeller, ex, is an agent forthe Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York. He lives with his parents at Genoa, 111. ** Elizabeth C. Gregg may now be reachedin care of the U. S. Army RecruitingOffice, Recorders Court Building,New Orleans, La. #* Barbara Cookhas a fine new position with theButterick Pattern Company, sellingButterick styles to the big department stores of several of the largercities of the middle west. She reportsthat it keeps her moving pretty fastbut that's all right, too. ** RuthAbells, who had planned to go toIowa State University this fall, totake up an assistantship in the psychology research department, is postponing her departure until February,in- the hope of "catching up withher vacation." She will take up herwork at the beginning of the secondterm.1933Daniel Vaughan is with the SunLife Insurance Company of Marquette, Mich.MASTERSHereafter news of alumni holdingthe Master's degree only will be published in this column. The lettersAM, SM, Ph.M, following the nameof the alumnus indicate the degree.If no degree is indicated thus, itmeans that the alumnus is an ex-student in a graduate department.Masters are cordially invited to sendin news for their column or forother pages in the news note sectionof the Magazine.1910O. E. Peterson, Ph.M, heads thedepartment of education, NorthernIllinois State Teachers College; heis also Director of Placement andTraining of High School Teachers.His interest in educational affairs hasled him to serve on the Committeeof Seven of the Northern IllinoisConference on Supervision for anumber of years.1915Bessie Estelle Harvey, AM, (Mrs.Edward Harris) is now living in Red-lands, Calif. (1014 Campus Ave.),with her husband, who has recentlyretired from the mission field inKalaw, Burma.1916Paul H. Beck, AM, is principalof the Jenner and Schiller Schoolsof Chicago.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 39UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGODINNER PLATESSECOND EDITIONMade of English Spodeware, in color. Either a soft greyor an old blue, with Gothic tower border and twelvedifferent views of the University in the centers of theplates. Priced at $15 the dozen. Delivery prepaidwithin the United States.1 400 SetsAlready on theTables ofChicago Alumni The Alumni Council5750 Ellis Ave., Chicago, III.I enclose $1 5 for a set ( one dozen ) of the University of ChicagoCommemorative Spode Plates. NAMEColor desired ADDRESS 40 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEPROFESSIONALDIRECTORYARTISTGERDA AHLMExpert Restorer of FinePAINTINGS and MINIATURESSuite 1701 Telephone56 E. Congress St. Wabash 5390DENTISTDR. GEO. G. KNAPPDENTISTWoodlawn Medica Arts Bldg.Suite 304 1305 E. 63rd StreetPhone Plaza 6020OPTICIANSOSTEOPATHYDOCTOR H. E. WELLSOsteopathic Physician and SurgeonPhysio-Therapy — X-RayLight Treatments6420 Cottage Grove Ave.Phone DORchester 6600Hours 9 A. M. to 9 P. M. Home Calls MadeSCHOOLSBEVERLY FARM, INC36th YearA Home, School for Nervous and BackwardChildren and Adults220 Acres, 7 Buildings, School Gymnasium, Industrial and School Training Given, Departmentfor Birth Injury CasesGroves Blake Smith, M.D. Godfrey, III.Practical Business TrainingBusiness Administration, Executive-Secretarial14 Other Practical CoursesTrain for Assured Success 77th YearCollege Grade Courses Write for CatalogBryant & Stratton College18 South Michigan Ave.Randolph 1575 1919William Sims Allen is vice president and dean of Baylor University,and chairman of the school of education. In addition to these duties,Allen is much interested in thework of the Southern Baptist Education Commission, being Texasmember of the Commission, and amember of the Executive Committee.He addressed the meeting of theAssociation in N. C. this Auguston the subject "Survey of SocialScience Departments in SouthernBaptist Colleges and their Contribution to this Subject."1924Mrs. Helen R. Messenger, AM, isassociate professor of education atthe Northern Illinois State TeachersCollege; she represents the IllinoisFederation of Business and Professional Women on the Women's JointLegislative Council. Mary Louise,her eighteen-year-old daughter, is asophomore at I. S. T. C. #* HowardJ. McGinnis, AM, is registrar atEast Carolina Teachers College,Greenville, N. C. He also teachespsychology.1925Brooks D. Drain, SM, is with theUniversity of Tennessee ExperimentStation at Knoxville. He heads thedepartment of horticulture; Michigan State College awarded him thedoctor's degree in that subject inJune. ** P. B. Stockdale is associateprofessor of geology at Ohio StateUniversity. ## Glenn Bartle, formerlyof the Junior College of KansasCity, has been ap- ^pointed professor j*>yc\ _Aof geology and Q.^^^^^whead of the divi- \^^P^'sion of physical ^^\sciences at the ^Bflnewly organized ^^^^University of Kan- ^flsas City. ^^t^L-*1926Amy Irene Moore, AM, writes"I am enjoying the position securedthrough the University of Chicago.I supervise mathematics teaching inthe State Teachers College of More-head, Kentucky, where the work isvery pleasant." ## /. S. Sanders, AM,is dean of the college at Alcorn A. 8cM. College, Miss. ** Florence E. Carman, AM, teaches at the Baptist Missionary Training School, Chicago. 1927Leonard Power, AM, taught acourse on leadership, one on trendsin elementary education, and one onsupervision this summer at the StateCollege of Washington, Pullman,Wash.1928Evan E. Evans, AM, is superintendent of schools at Winfield,Kansas. ## Helen Cunningham,AM, is a teacher of English at Waukegan Township High School, 111.1929Sister Agnes Rita Lingl, AM, received the degree of Doctor ofPhilosophy, magna cum laude, inGerman language and literature,from the University of Munich thissummer. She has been abroad forfour years, studying, and is now amember of the faculty of the Collegeof St. Catherine, at St. Paul, Minn.** John L. Shouse, AM, is assistantsuperintendent of schools in KansasCity, Mo. #* Clarence E. Glick, AM,is with the University of Cincinnati.*# R. A. Rodefer, AM, teaches atGraveraet High School in Marquette, Mich.1930John T. Sites, AM, owns andoperates the North Star Grocery inColorado Springs, Col. ** HenningJ. Anderson, AM, is principal ofGraveraet High School and president of the Lions Club of Marquette,Mich. ** Bertie Warren, SM,teaches chemistry at Amarillo College, Tex. ** Louis F. Jeffries, SM,professor of chemistry at VirginiaUnion University, has leave of absence for an additional year of studyat the University of Chicago. **Wilbur W. White, AM, is a member of the faculty of Macalester College, St. Paul. ** Martha L. Smith,SM, is professor of mathematicsand dean of Hartshorn College atVirginia Union University. #* EarlM. Webb, AM, superintends theschools of Berne, Ind.1931Waldo Adams, AM, is the newly^appointed superintendent of schoolsat Sturgis, Mich. He had been superintendent of schools for ElkhartCounty for seven years preceding thisappointment. Adams was chosenfrom a hundred applicants for theposition.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 411932W. B. Storm, AM, teacher of mathematics at the College at DeKalb, 111.,is publishing a book on "Taxes andTaxation" this fall. Mr. and Mrs.Storm live on Garden Place, with acollection of little Storms, namely,Robert, 15, Betty, 13, Bruce, 12, andBarbara, 11.** Zens Lawrence Smith,SM, is a member of the faculty ofMorgan Park Junior College. **Floyd Buckley has gone to the Panama Canal Zone to teach physicalsciences in the schools there. ## JeanMacCarty, AM, is with the BarstowSchool, Kansas City, Mo. ** HelenM. Cavanagh, AM, is a member ofthe faculty of Miss Stout's EuropeanTravel School for Girls.1933Edward D. Knock, SM, teachesat the Junior College and HighSchool at Marshalltown, Iowa. ##Leroy A. Johnson, SM, teaches atMorgan Park Junior College, Chicago. #* Jui Wu Kuan is in thesocial service division of PeipingUnion Medical College Hospital,Peiping, China. Her home addressis 6 Shihchin Hua Yuan, East City,Peiping.DOCTORSOF PHILOSOPHY1899Warren P. Behan, '94, DB'9J, iswith Ottawa University, Kansas. Hewrites that his son Gerald WrightBehan was married this summer, andis practicing medicine in Augusta,Mich.1904David M. Robinson, '98, washonored by the degree of Litt.D. atSyracuse University this summer. Heis to continue his research in theexcavations at Olynthus in Macedonia, next March; results of previous investigations in this field werepartially made public in three booksof recent date, "Greek and LatinInscriptions of Sardis," "Mosaics,Vases and Lamps of Olynthus," and"Coins of Olynthus."1919F. W. Mulsow, MD'20, is clinicalpathologist at St. Luke's and MercyHospitals in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.He is also in general practice. 1920Frederick A. G. Cowper taughtthis summer and worked on his book.He lives at 1017 Dacian Ave., Durham, N. C.1921Mayme L Logsden, '13, SM'15,had the privilege of representing theInternational Federation of University Women at the InternationalCongress of Women at Chicago inJuly. She is a member of the Education Committee of the Century ofProgress Exposition. ** T. D.Brooks, AM'20, is Dean of the Artsand Sciences and of the GraduateSchool of A 8c M College of Texas.1923Sara E. Branham, SM'20, seniorbacteriologist in the U. S. PublicHealth Service, is in Chicago thisyear finishing her work in medicineat the University Clinics. She is onleave of absence from her post inWashington.1926Louis Wirth, '19, AM'25, *s Dac^at the University of Chicago as associate professor of sociology. ## JoelS. Georges, SM'24, *s a member ofthe faculty of the evening division ofthe new loop branch of the ChicagoJunior College. ## Harold H. Titushad two articles published thisspring, "A Neo-Realist's Idea ofGod," in April Journal of Religion,and "Human Rights," in AprilSocial Service. He is connected withDenison University.1927Irving E. Muskat, SM'25, hasbeen granted an extension of hisleave of absence from the Department of Chemistry at Chicago, andwill work on a National ResearchFellowship for the coming year, atthe Rockefeller Institute in NewYork City. Dr. Muskat spent thesummer doing some work for thescientific exhibits at the Century ofProgress Exposition. ## DuncanHarker is living in Auburn, Ala.,and is known for his interest inmusic. ## Joseph S. Hicks, SM'25,is with the Acme White Lead andColor Works of Detroit. SCHOOLS— continuedChicago School of SculptureVIOLA NORMAN, DirectorLife Modeling — Life DrawingAbstract Design — CompositionWrite for CatalogStudio I0II Auditorium Bldg.Fifty-six East Congress St.Telephone Harr. 32l6HUETTLART SCHOOLCartooning - DrawingPainting - EtchingArt Materials1546-50 E. 57th St. Plaza 2536MacCormac School ofCommerceBusiness Administration and SecretarialTrainingDAY AND EVENING CLASSESEnter Any MondayII70 E. 63rd St. H. P. 2I30The Midway School62I6 Kimbark Ave. Tel. Dorchester 3299Elementary Grades — Junior HighPreparation — KindergartenFrench, Dancing, Music and ArtBUS SERVICEA School with Individual Instruction and CulturalAdvantagesAlbert Teachers' Agency25 E. Jackson Blvd., Chicago535 Fifth Ave., New York415 Hyde Bldg., SpokaneA general Placement Bureau for men andwomen in all kinds of teaching positions.Large and alert College, and State Teachers' College departments for Doctors andMasters; Critics and Supervisors for Normals. Also many calls for Special teachersof Music, Art, Home Economics, BusinessAdministration^ Correspondence Teaching.Fine opportunities in Secondary Schools.A host of best Suburban patrons for gradeand High School teachers. Read our booklet. Call.BUSINESSDIRECTORYARTISTS SUPPLIESEDWARD C BUNCK4645-47 South ParkwayPAINTS — GLASS — WALL PAPERArtist's MaterialsALL PHONES OAKLAND 0845Deliveries to All Parts of Chicago Suburbs42 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEAWNINGSBOYD & GOULD, Inc.5813-15 Wentworth AvenueARTCRAFTAWNINGS AND CANOPIESPhones Wentworth 2450-2451Phones Oakland 0690—0691—0692The Old ReliableHyde Park Awning Co.,INCAwnings and Canopies for All Purposes4508 Cottage Grove Avenue AUCTIONEERSWILLIAMS, BARKER &SEVERN CO.Auctioneers and AppraisersPublic auctions on owner's premises or at oursalesroomsAccept on consignment the better quality of furniture, works of art, books, rugs, bric-a-brac, etc.We sell on commission or buy outright ,Our specialty liquidating estates, libraries, etc.229 S. Wabash Ave. Phone Harrison 3777AUTO LIVERYCHICAGO PETERSENMOTOR LIVERYLINCOLNSWith Experienced Chauffeurs5548 Lake Park Ave. MID way 0949AUTO SERVICE STATIONSWASHINGTON PARKSERVICE STATIONWe Appreciate Your Patronage5601-7 Cottage Grove Ave.Phone Dorchester 7113 BOOKSKrochs BookstoresBoob On All SubjectsIn Every LanguageAsk for Catalog, stating special interests206 N. Michigan AvenueCHICAGO BROKERSClark G. (Skee) Sauer 12WithJames E. Bennett & CompanyStocks — Bonds — Grain — CottonMembers: New York and ChicagoStock Exchanges, Chicago Board ofTrade, All Principal Markets.332 So. LaSalle St. Tel. Wabash 2740 1928M. Luella Carter, AM'ij, is living at Crete, Nebraska.1929Margaret Hochdoerfer has beenappointed associate professor in theUniversity of Nebraska.1930John Scott has been lecturing before groups of bankers and businessmen in Auburn, Ala., on the NewDeal and the NRA. *# Erling Dorf,'25, officiated as assistant director ofthe Transcontinental Excursion ofthe 16th International GeologicalCongress. Dorf is an assistant professor of geology at Princeton. ** KeithT. Swartz, '28, SM'29, has joinedthe forces of the Continental CanCompany, Chicago. ## C. W. Lenth,'28, is at the Miner Laboratories inChicago. ## Stanley A. Cain, SM'28,has been with Indiana Universitysince 1932.1931Peter S. Yang came through Chicago in August with his wife andbaby on his way to China, where hewill be a member of the staff of thePeiping Union Medical College. **George W. Graves, '08, heads thedepartment of agriculture and biology at State Teachers College,Fresno, Calif.1932R. S. Campbell, '25, SM'29, spentthe winter with the U. S. ForestService in Washington, D. C, but hasnow returned to Las Cruces, N. Mex.He married I mo gene Foltz, SM'32,in October, 1932, at Topeka, Kansas.*# George F. Ziegler, '29, SM'31,is a newly appointed teacher at theY. M. C. A. College in Chicago. **Emily Schons, AM' 18, teaches atOlivet College, Mich. ** EdwardJerome Webster accepted the appointment as head of the department of economics and sociology atWestminster College, Fulton, Mo.,this summer.1933Sister Jeanne d'Arc Hurley, SM'29,is rejoining the teaching staff atthe College of St. Catherine in St.Paul, after completing her work forher doctorate in home economics atthe University this summer. ** Louis Brown Matthews is a member of thefaculty of Union University, Jackson, Tenn. ## Paul V. Brower hastaken a position with the Ditto Company of Chicago. ** Anna L. Keatonhas been appointed to a positionat Dakota Wesleyan University,Mitchell, S. Dak.LAWChicago Law Men and the A. B. A.The University of Chicago lawmen in attendance at the AmericanBar Association held their annualget-together luncheon at the Pant-lind Hotel, Grand Rapids, Michigan,August 31, 1933, Wltn twenty-onepresent. Although this was not thelargest attendance at such a meeting,it was probably the liveliest and mostentertaining.Everyone wanted to know whatbasis there was for the newspaperannouncements of an early consolidation of Chicago with Northwestern. Certain persons who claim tohave some inside information asserted that the reports were highlyexaggerated, and that there is littleor no basis for them.A letter of regret was read fromDean Harry A. Bigelow. The boysvoted to send him a letter assuringhim of their undiminished interestin the Law School, and their desireto be helpful.Subjects which were discussed insome detail were: placing studentsduring vacations in the offices ofalumni, without compensation, forthe value of the practical insight itwould give them as to the nature oftheir studies; having alumni interview prospective students from theirlocalities; broadening the field fromwhich students are drawn to makeit more a national than a locallaw school.Justice George Rossman of theOregon Supreme Court spoke of thedifference in the attitude of theyounger men now leaving law schoolcompared with that of his day, 1910.Professor Wilber G. Katz's answersto questions in regard to the LawSchool were numerous and threw agood deal of light behind the scenesfor the benefit of the alumni.The following were present:Frederick Dickinson, '05; Morris E.Feiwell, '14, JD'15; Bernard C.Gavit, '20; Harry N. Gottlieb, *oo;THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 43Silas A. Harris, '13; Alfred H. Highland, '28, JD'28; Albert B. Houghton, '07, JD'09; Pr°f- and Mrs.Wilber Katz; William Kixmiller,'09, JD'io; William P. McCracken,Jr., '09, JD'12; George M. Morris,'15; Charles F. McElroy, AM'06,JD'15; Paul O'Donnell, '08, JD'10;John C. Pryor, JD'10; George Ross-man, JD'10; Henry C. Shull, '14,JD'16; George Siefkin, LLB'17;William E. Stanley, '12, JD'14;John F. Voight, '96; Henry Wei-hofen, JD'26, JSD'31.1906David W. Moffat is Justice of theSupreme Court for the State ofUtah.1908C. Arthur Bruce, '06, JD, has beenmade vice chairman and executiveofficer of the Lumber Code underthe NRA. He can be reached at 1337Connecticut Ave., Washington, D. C.1910Urban Lavery, JD, will hereafterbe associated with the law firm ofMacCracken and Lee of Washington,D. C, but will continue his own lawpractice in Chicago in addition.William MacCracken, Jr., of thisfirm, was formerly assistant secretaryof commerce for aeronautics. He isa member of the College class of1909, JD'12.1920Bernard C. Gavit, JD, replacesGov. McNutt of Indiana as Dean ofthe Law School at Indiana University. ** Leo Gray bill, JD, is reported to have a fine quartet inGreat Falls, Mont., although thereporter did not specify what kind.Help, help!1922Dan Kom, '20, JD, of Kalispell,Mont., recently elected District Governor of Montana Rotary, wasobliged to resign because of a seriousillness following a mastoid operation.He is recovering now, though, verysatisfactorily.1928Thomas Mulroy, '27, JD, reportsthat he and Mrs. Mulroy (DorothyReiner, ex'31) are back in Chicago,living at 7041 Constance Ave., aftera wonderful trip abroad. They mo tored east after their wedding, August 12, sailed for Paris on the He deFrance, August 19, flew from Paristo London and returned on the S. S.Europa,— a quick trip but delightful. ** Joseph L. Hektoen, '25, JD,opened his law offices September 1,at 1004 Harris Trust Bldg., 111 WestMonroe Street, Chicago.RUSHWashington Alumni AssembleAt the meeting of the WashingtonState Medical Association in Seattlethis year, a luncheon of Rush Alumniwas held to honor Dr. Ralph C.Brown, and Dr. Herman Kretsch-mar, both professors at that institution, and guest speakers at the meeting of the Association. Thirty-threealumni were present, representingvarious classes from 1887 to 1932.The oldest alumnus there was Dr.A. I. Bonffler, MD'87.A temporary organization wasformed, for the purpose of startinga state-wide alumni association inWashington. Officers were elected asfollows: President, Dr. James E.Hunter, MD'15, Seattle; Secretary,Dr. Paul H. Herron, MD'3i,Spokane.It is the hope of the Washing-tonians that, in the future, at the various medical meetings, or upon otheroccasions when Rush faculty menare in the state, the Association willfunction as a social or reception committee, as well as acting as a mediumfor the renewal of old acquaintances'and for keeping the members intouch with developments at theirAlma Mater.1880John A. Badgley, MD, andCharles D. Carter, MD'83, are twohonored members of the DeKalb University of Chicago Alumni Club.Both are actively practicing medicine and are honorary life membersof the DeKalb County Medical Society. Dr. Badgley has practiced inthe community for fifty-three years,and the Alumni helped Dr. Cartercelebrate his fiftieth anniversary lastyear.1881Thomas Chalmers Clark, MD, hasretired from active practice "not because there is not plenty of work, butthere is very little cash!" Dr. Clark iseighty years of age and has been for CATERERSJOSEPH H. BIGGSFine Catering in all its branches50 East Huron StreetTel. Sup. 0900 Tel. Sup. 0901Quality and Service Since 1882CHEMICAL ENGINEERSAlbert K. Epstein, '12Epstein Reynolds and HarrisConsulting Chemists and Engineers5 S. Wabash Ave. ChicagoTel. Cent. 4286COALQUALITY COAL PRICED RIGHTLESTER COAL CO.4025 Wallace St., at 40th PlaceAll Phones: Yards 6464CONTRACTORSRALPH RENWICKBuilding and General Alterations540 PhoneN. Michigan Ave. Sup. 4072ELEVATORSReliance Elevator Co.PASSENGER AND FREIGHTELEVATORSFor Every Purpose212 W. Austin Ave. ChicagoFENCESAnchor Post Fence Co.Ornamental Iron — Chain LinkRustic WoodFences for Campus, Tennis Court, Estate,Suburban Home or Industrial PlantFree Advisory Service and Estimates Furnished646 N. Michigan Blvd. Superior 1367FISHJ. A. DAVIS FISH CO.Specialize in Supplying Hotels,Restaurants, Hospitals, Institutions.Fresh Caught Direct From the Fisherman211 N. Union Ave.Phone Haymarket 149544 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEPhones: Plaza 6444, 64451631 East 55th StreetFRUIT AND VEGETABLESCOHEN and COMPANYWholesaleFruit — Vegetables — Poultry211 South Water MarketPhones Haymarket 0808 to 0816 GARAGEUniversity Auto GarageCo.16 Years of Dependable ServiceWe Call For and Deliver Your CarTelephone Hyde Park 45991169 East 55th StreetLAUNDRIESADAMSLAUNDRY CO.2335 Indiana Ave.Superior Hand WorkOdorless Dry CleaningTelephoneCalumet 3565THEBEST LAUNDRY andCLEANING COMPANYALL SERVICESWe Also DoDry Cleaning — Shoe Repairing4240 PhoneIndiana Ave. OAK land 1383 the last eighteen years chief medicalofficer of the Minnesota Soldiers'Home. He served as surgeon of the12th Minnesota Volunteer Infantryand as surgeon-in-charge for the 3rdDivision Hospital, Field Army Corps,in the Spanish War.1889James W. Milligan, MD, receivedthe degree of Doctor of Science fromHanover College, (Ind.) this summer. He lives at North Madison, Ind.1890George A. Dicus, MD, is "still atwork, started 43 years ago."1892Edward Linwood Emrich, MD, isan assistant at the State Hospitalfor the Insane, at Stockton, Cal.1894Samuel E. Latta, MD, is in generalpractice in Stockton, Calif. He doesconsiderable heart work. ## W.J.Fenelon, MD, is farming near Ripon,Wis. ** F. E. Shaykett, MD, is ingeneral practice at Brandon, Wis.1896S. L. Anderson, MD, has beenpracticing in DeKalb, 111., since 1900.He is a member of the staff of St.Mary's and of Glidden Hospitals inthat city, and of Sycamore MunicipalHospital in Sycamore, 111. The lastfew years he has not enjoyed suchgood health, although he continuesto practice. He has a son, Stuart, 27,and a daughter, Mary, 22.1897Frank F. Fisk, MD, is in generalpractice at Price, Utah. *# GeorgeH. Fellman, MD, is but recently returned from a visit to Continentaland London hospitals.1902George B. Lake, MD, is businessmanager and editor of Clinical Medicine and Surgery. He reports thathis verses are being published fairlyregularly in poetry magazines. **Joseph B. Sonnenschein, MD, supervises the division of social hygiene,Chicago Board of Health, in addition to carrying on a private practiceat 25 E. Washington St. 1903/. L. Fleming, MD, specializes inobstetrics, and is chief of that department at St. Anne's Hospital, Chicago,1904Norman E. Williamson, MD, ispathologist at the State Hospital forthe Insane at Stockton, Cal. #* Robert Seaman Allison, MD, is surgeonfor the D.&R.G.R.R. Co., and theWestern Pacific R.R. Co. at Salt LakeCity.1905George F. Dick, MD, chairman ofthe Department of Medicine at Chicago, and his wife, Dr. Gladys Dick,of the McCormick Institute for Infectious Diseases, have been awardedthe Cameron Prize for 1933, amounting to 200 pounds, for their work onthe etiology and treatment of scarletfever. ## Oliver A. Jeffreys, MD,practices medicine in Honolulu,H. I.1906C. A. Katherman, MD, practicesmedicine and surgery at Sioux City,Iowa.1907Frederick A. Speik, MD'05, captain of the 1904 football team at Chicago, has a daughter Madeleine, PhiBeta Kappa and Stanford graduate,who was married in September toJohn Ross Lynden, Jr., at SouthPasadena, Cal.1910Clifford E. Smith, MD, specializesin diseases of the eye, ear, nose andthroat, practicing at DeKalb, 111. Hewas secretary for the DeKalb CountyMedical Society from 1920 to 1931,and president from 1931 to 1933. Inaddition to his special practice he ison the staff of Glidden and St. Mary'sHospitals, DeKalb, and the SycamoreMunicipal Hospital, Sycamore, 111.As a member of the Executive Committee of the DeKalb Alumni Clubhe receives the editorial vote ofthanks for sending in one of thefinest collections of news notes contributed by any one University Correspondent.1913Hugh J. Bo linger, MD, is a surgeon at Lodi, Cal.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 451914Robert O. Brown, MD'13; is president of the Board of Public Welfarefor the State of New Mexico and ofthe New Mexico Tuberculosis Association. He also practices medicineat Santa Fe. ** W. H. Stephan,MD'14, is president of the RotaryClub at Dillon, Mont.1915Ludwig Emge, MD'12, has been appointed clinical professor of obstetrics and gynecology, and executiveof those respective departments atthe Stanford School of Medicine,San Francisco.1920Bruce H. Douglas, MD, is Controller of Tuberculosis for the Detroit Department of Health. He goesto this post after ten years' experience as Superintendent and MedicalDirector of the Wm. H. MayburySanatorium at Northville, Mich. ##Graham Asher, MD'18, practices inKansas City, Mo. ## L. E. Daniels,MD'18, has left the department ofneurology at the Mayo Clinic, and isnow specializing in that branch ofmedicine at 426 Republic Bldg.,Denver, Col. ## Mary G. Schroeder,MD, who contributed an interestingarticle on her travels in Soviet Russia to the Magazine last year, writesthat she is back at work at the ElginState Hospital and finds it as fascinating as ever. *# K. M. Nelson,MD'iy, practices medicine and surgery at Princeton, 111. His three sonsall plan to study medicine at theUniversity of Chicago some day.1921Wendell A. Potter, MD, is practicing medicine and surgery at Sandwich, 111.1922William Dolk, MD, is associateprofessor of medicine at StanfordSchool of Medicine.1923Dorothy Grey, '14, MD, practicesmedicine at Belfast, N. Y.1926James C. Ellis, '2.3, MD, has builtup a fine practice in DeKalb, Illi nois, and is secretary of the DeKalbCounty Medical Society. He is married and lives at 768 So. 3rd St. He ispresident of the DeKalb Universityof Chicago Alumni Club.1928Verne Soper, MD, has been studying in Europe this year.1930Samuel Wick, MD, is working atthe Elgin State Hospital, 111. ** H.LBurtness, MD, practices internalmedicine at the Sansum Clinic, SantaBarbara, Calif.1932Willie Mary Stephens, MD, is another of the Rush graduates who havejoined the staff of the Elgin StateHospital. Albert Kistin, MD, cert' 33,is there too. ## Clarence E. Johnson,MD, practices internal medicine atWilcox and Johnson Clinic, LongBeach, Cal.1933John W. Davis, MD, practices atGlenn's Ferry, Idaho. He is carryingon the practice of his father, JenkinsWilliams Davis, MD'93, who diedthis summer.DIVINITY1905George MacDonald, '98, DB, spentthe summer supplying at the Kali-spell, Mont., Baptist Church, but hasnow returned to Glasgow, Mont.1930Franklin D. Elmer, Jr., spent thesummer vacation preaching in several New England churches, and givring travel talks over the radio. Heis president of the DeKalb City Council of Religious Education. Mrs.Elmer (Margaret Nelson, '27) isBaptist Student Councilor at I.S.T.C.SCHOOL OF BUSINESS1917William Edwin Smith is advertising manager for Swift and Companyin Chicago. LAUNDRIES-continuedStandard Laundry Co.Linen Supply — Wet WashFinished WorkI8I8 South Wabash Ave.Phone Calumet 4700LITHOGRAPHINGL C. Mead '2l E. J. Chalifoux '22PHOTOPRESS, INC.Planograph — ¦ Offset — Printing725 So. LaSalle St.Wabash 8I82MONUMENTSPhone Monroe 5058 Established I889C CILELLA & SONMONUMENTS AND MAUSOLEUMSRock of Ages and Guardian MemorialsWe Erect Work Anywhere723-25 W. Taylor StreetMUSIC PUBLISHERSMcKINLEY MUSIC CO.I50I-I5 E. 55th St. CHICAGOPOPULAR AND STANDARDMUSIC PRINTERS AND ENGRAVERSMusical Settings — Compositions ArrangedPublishers of McKinley Edition of 20 cent MusicSTANDARD - CLASSICAL - TEACHINGPAINTINGGEORGE ERHARDTand SONS, Inc.Painting — Decorating— Wood Finishing3I23 PhoneLake Street Kedzie 3I86RADIO-PLUMBINGA. J. F. Lowe & SonI2I7 East 55th StreetPlumbing — Refrigeration — RadioSales and ServiceDay Phones Mid. 0782-0783-Night Phones Mid. 9295-Oakland II3IRESTAURANTSChicago's Most Unique RestaurantBANZAI'SWhere Stars and Celebrities Meet6325 Cottage Grove Ave.American and Oriental CuisineOrders Delivered Hot at No Extra ChargeAStsak atJBanzai's IS.a SteakPhone DOR. 09I746 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINERESTAURANTS-continuedLuncheon — Tea — DinnerGreen Shutter Tea Shop5650 Kenwood Ave.'Remember it's smart to dineat the Green Shutter —It's Different" RIDINGMidway Riding Academy6037 Drexei AvenueExpert InstructorsBeautiful Bridle Path and Good HorsesUniversity of Chicago RidingHeadquartersMidway 9571 Phone Dorchester 8041 ROOFINGGrove Roofing Co.(Gilliland)Old Roofs Repaired— New Roofs Put On22 Years at 6644 Cottage Grove Ave.Lowest Prices — -Estimates FreeFairfax 3206RUG CLEANERSHAAKER & HENTSCHORIENTAL - :- DOMESTICRug and Carpet CleanersUpholstering ?nd Refinishing5165 State St. Oakland 1212SADDLERYW. J. WYMANManufacturer, Importer and Dealer inHigh Grade Saddles, Polo Goods, Etc.Chicago Riding Club Building628McClurg CourtLake Forest Store210-212 Westminster Ave., EastTelephone Superior 8801 SMELTINGU. S. WANTS GOLDDiscarded Old Jewelry, Dental Gold, BrokenWatches, etc. Redeemed for Cash, Dependable and Courteous Service. Management of42 years' experience. Old, established andresponsible. Bring or send direct. Don't sellto strangers. WE EMPLOY NO SOLICITORS.U. S. SMELTING WORKS(The Old Reliable)39 So. State St., Cor. Monroe, 4th Floor 1925Horace S. Strong, who joined thestaff of the chief engineer's office ofthe Blatz Brewing Company lastApril, following the closing of thelocal branch of the Ford Motor CarCompany in Milwaukee, has beenmade an assistant to the new vicepresident in charge of production.This change is effective Sept. ist. Inhis new work he will develop andinstall a cost system, set up a generalstores procedure and aid in the general work of promoting plant safety.1933E. G. Plowman, special student atthe School of Business this year, professor of business management atDenver University, was recentlymade "executive assistant to theWater Board" of Denver, to aid inputting into effect improved methodsof organization and operation of thecity water system.Huntington Park, Calif.September, 1933Dear Editor:I thought the Alumni Magazine might be interested in aUniversity of Chicago reunionwhich was held in a far part ofthe globe this summer. On July25, in Wellington, New Zealand,Mrs. John Napier Wallace, whowas Carrie P. Currens, of theClass of 1906, and I, Class of1917, had a most enjoyable afternoon, discussing our Alma Mater.Mrs. Wallace was one of thehostesses entertaining me on behalf of the New Zealand Federation of University Women, andthe fact that we were graduatesof the same University made theoccasion doubly enjoyable.After spending the summer, orrather the winter, in NewZealand, I can heartily recommend it as a fascinating vacationland. May there be more University of Chicago reunions inNew Zealand!Sincerely yours,Edith A. Kraft, '17, SM'24ENGAGED1925Erling Dorf, '25, Ph.D'30, to RuthKemmerer, Princeton, New Jersey. MARRIED1921Winfield M. Moulds, '21, to KyrkAlgeo, Tulsa, Okla., September 10,1933-1922Catherine Hall, '22, to TheodoreA. Cooke, August 5, St. JamesMethodist Episcopal Church, Chicago. Mrs. Cooke is at home at 1142E. 45th St., Chicago.1926Eleanor Ruth Holmes, '26, AM' 29,to Thomas Raymond Morgan, August 8, 1933, Chicago; at home, 112Marine Ave., Bay Ridge, Brooklyn,N. Y.1927Martha Hall, '27, to Dr. JamesWilson Clark, August 5, St. JamesMethodist Episcopal Church, Chicago; at home, 1126 E. 46th St.,Chicago.1928Rilla G. Butler, '28, to W. E.Robey; at home, 7919 Drexei Avenue, Chicago.Ruth G. Holton, SM'28, PhD'32,to Carl Sandstrom, '25, PhD'29, June30, 1932; at home, 2101 Cedar Ave.,The Bronx, New York City. Dr.Sandstrom is asistant professor of zoology at New York University.1929Margaret Frances Sayre, AM'2g,to Dr. John Taylor Ransone, September 4, 1933, Hampton, Va.; athome, 306 Hampton Roads Ave.,Hampton.Kenneth Campbell, '29, PhD'32,to Barbara Knapp, '30, SM'31, Washington, D.C. Campbell is research associate at Pennsylvania State College.1930John T. Sites, AM'30, to Beulah C.Sagerser of Colorado Springs, June11, 1933; at home, 452 W. SanRafaelSt., Colorado Springs, Col.Helen Virginia Shoemake, '30, toThorvald Emanuel Hotter, '32, August 26, 1933, at Thorndike HiltonChapel; at home, 6146 KenwoodAve., Chicago.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 471931Jane Blocki, '31, to Walter S.Trude, Jr., ex'32, May 13, 1933; athome, 6850 Jeffery Ave., Chicago.1932Anna Sargent Hayward, AM'32, toAlvin Rockwell of Kalamazoo, Mich.,August 24, 1933. The Rockwells willlive in Boston.Florence Marion Laird, '32, to Rev.John Seville Higgins, September 11,1933, Christ Church, Woodlawn.1933Esther Lazarus, '26, to Albert D.Goldman, 1933. At home, 1314 Eu-taw Place, Baltimore, Md.BORN1913To Lawrence G. Dunlap, '13,MD'13, and Mrs. Dunlap, a son, William James, July 14, 1933, Anaconda,Mont.1922To Edward W. Griffey, '22, MD'23,a daughter, July 22, 1933, Houston,Texas.1923To Bryce L. Hamilton, '23, JD'28,and Mrs. Hamilton (Elizabeth Millies, '29) a son, William MarshallHamilton, August 9, 1933, Chicago.To LaVerne Norris, LLB' 23, andMrs. Norris, a son, Sherry LaVerne,August 11, 1933, Chicago, 111.1925To Howard Amick, '23, and Mrs.Amick, a son, Richard Charles, March*> *933> Sioux City, Iowa.1930To H. I. Burtness, MD'30, andMrs. Burtness, (Luella Malberg, ex'26) a son, William Seymour, December 14, 1932, Santa Barbara, Calif.DIED/. Spencer Dickerson, September 5,J933> at Oregon, 111. Mr. Dickersonwas corresponding secretary of theUniversity and editor of the University Record. He had been connectedwith the University for many years. 1882John M. Dodson, MD'82, August15, 1933, Chicago. Dr. Dodson was anoted medical educator, and, untilrecently, editor of the magazine,Hygeia. He served as Dean of Students at Rush and Dean of medicalcourses at the University of Chicagofor many years.1886Edgar A. Buzzell, '86, September5> *933> Chicago. Mr. Buzzell hadpracticed law in Chicago for forty-five years.1893Jenkins Williams Davis, MD'93,June 21, 1933, Glenn's Ferry, Idaho.1906Nathaniel Curtis Rogers, '06,March 16, 1933, Chicago.1911Horace W. McDavid, JD'u, September 11, 1933, Decatur, 111. JudgeMcDavid was former President ofKiwanis International.1912Mrs. Chester Mendenhall (AliceHeald, '12, AM' 14, DB'14) March11, 1933, South English, Iowa.1922Lucy Anna Thomas, '22, January*4> *933> Chicago.1923Robert Walter Seymour, ex'23,August 13, 1933, Chicago.1928James Blaine Holloway, AM' 28^August 25, 1933, Chicago.1929Elizabeth Millies, '29, (Mrs. BryceL. Hamilton) August 9, 1933, Chicago.Frederic S. Cook, '29, July 2, 1933,Chicago.1931Jeanette Frances Searcy, '31, September 19, 1933, Billings Hospital,Chicago. Jean was Senior Aide forher class, a member of Phi BetaKappa, and a leader in student activities. Her loyal, intelligent interest in the University kept her in closetouch with its affairs after her graduation and she never ceased to contribute her enthusiastic support. STOCKS AND BONDSP. H. Davis, 'II H. I. Markham, 'Ex/06R. W. Davis, '16 W. M. Giblin, '23F. B. Evans, 'IIPaul H. Davis & Co.MembersNew York Stock ExchangeChicago Stock Exchange37 So. LaSalle St. Franklin 8622TEACHERS AGENCIESFisk I EACHERSAGENCY28 E. Jackson Blvd. CHICAGO- Our Service is Nation WideTHE YATES-FISHERTEACHERS AGENCYEstablished 1906PAUL YATES, Manager616-620 South Michigan Ave.ChicagoUNDERTAKERSBARBOUR & GUSTINUNDERTAKERS4141 Cottage Grove Ave.PHONE DREXEL 0510LUDLOW-SCHNEIDERFUNERAL DIRECTORSFine Chapel with New Pipe OrganSEDAN AMBULANCETel. Fairfax 28616110 Cottage Grove Ave.Sk. eeles - - BiddleFuneral DirectorsFairfax 0120Sixty- Third Street and Evans Ave.VENTILATINGThe Haines CompanyVentilating Contractors1929-1937 West Lake St.Phones Seeley 2765-2766-2767TAKING MYLos Angeles, Calif.September, 1933Dear Editor:I am out of touch with the workthat the University of Chicago isdoing and feel that I can donate$2.00 to lines of work more in sympathy with what I want done thanthat which is being done by theUniversity of Chicago.Colleges never seem to grow up.The main music seems to be thesame old "ballyhoo," while the worldis calling for something a little moreserious than what we find in ouralumni magazines. I am sorry butI wish to ask you not to forward anymore requests for memberships forthe Alumni or for magazines, as Iam entirely out of touch with theirlack of seriousness and lack of purpose, things which I feel should bethe center of education and especiallyhigher education of today. This doesnot mean that I am not interestedin philanthropy, but I am certainlynot interested in "feet"ball, ballyhoo, and a lot of other things thatseem to go to making up the spiritof our colleges today.Very truly yours,John B. Corcoran, '09Chicago, IllinoisSeptember, 1933Dear Editor:I read with a great deal of interestand satisfaction Metcalfs article inthe Midsummer number of yourMagazine, entitled, "Readjustmentsin Athletic Programs." I feel confident his conception of athletics atthe University is right, that the stressin the future should be in the direction of broader recreational facilitiesfor the many, and less modest forthe few. This plan, if carried out tooidealistically, might arouse a mildroar from the LaSalle Street Coaches,but, after all, they are in the bigminority. Besides, a great numberhave departed from that gold-platedthorofare. All fooling aside, I thinkour new athletic director has asplendid plan, and one which willbe whole-heartedly approved by hisstudents and the alumni. I was particularly pleased by this remark of PEN IN Hhis, "I would have more teams inmore sports." I also like his idea ofaffording students the opportunityof learning one or more games thatthey can continue to indulge in aftertheir college days. I know a lot offellows who learned to play football, basketball and baseball in college, who would now gladly swapwith the chap who learned to playtennis.Perhaps readers of the Universityof Chicago Magazine will be interested to know that the John DayCompany of New York has justpublished a book of mine, "ModernPing-Pong and How to Play It." Ofsentimental interest is- the fact thatin addition to Father, three of theClark sons have either written booksor published magazine articles lately;Barrett on the drama and the theatre,Robert on flowers, and mine on Ping-Pong. The fourth brother, Harold,apparently is the only successful one,as he is too busy turning out beerbarrels for a thirsty world to bethinking about a "career."Sincerely yours,Coleman Clark, '18Bloomington, Ind.September, 1933Dear Editor Beck:... I have subscribed for theMagazine continuously from 1914,and became a Life Member of theAssociation in 1919. Not only haveI found the Magazine very wellworth reading, but seldom is therean issue, during the last few years,that I have not loaned my copy tosome one outside the family, becauseof the deep interest of some articleor articles.For some years, I have given myold copies to Indiana UniversityLibrary, where they are preserved.48 ... In this way they are made avail-able to users of the library.One reason why my daughter,Ruth, was so glad to win a scholarship at Chicago for next year wasthat she has been reading the Magazine for the last couple of years quiteregularly. Sincerely yours,Stephen S. VisherJackson, MississippiOctober, 1933Dear Editor:I want to congratulate you onprinting President Hutchins' addressin your midsummer issue of theMagazine. It wins me more completely than any utterance of President Hutchins I have heard. I shouldlike very much to have fifty copiesand will ask you to have reprintssent me if available. If not, may Ihave the privilege of mimeographingthis article, in whole or in part, fordistribution to our board membersand others? Yours faithfully,David M. Key, PhD' 16President, Millsaps CollegeLondon, EnglandAugust, 1933Dear Editor:Have just received and read withabsorbing interest the University ofChicago Magazine of June-July,1933. This and earlier issues havekept me in touch with the Universityand alumni activities as has no othermedium of contact during my ratherprolonged sojourn abroad, sinceMarch 1, 193s.This period has been spent byMrs. Payne and me very happily andprofitably in (1) Spain, six weeks,—met Miss Elizabeth Wallace inMadrid, (2) Italy, eight months, (3)France, two and a half months, (4)England, August and September.I expect to be again in Chicagoabout the end of October. Congratulations on the high qualityof the University Magazine duringthe past year, and with best wishesfor your continued success,Sincerely yours,Walter A. PayneIn the brick farmhouse of Wilmer McLean, pacifist, sat a tall white haired warrior, one midday lastweek. In full regalia, handsomely side-armed, theConfederacy's General Robert Edward Lee waited,as a conqueror might, for the end of the war.Imperceptibly his erect form stiffened as horsespounding down the main street of Appomattox an-.nounced the late arrival of General Ulysses Simpson("Unconditional Surrender") Grant and his staff.Mud-spattered Warrior Grant, guided by an orderly, entered the house, came face to face with warrior Lee for the first time since Mexican War days.Grant, his round shoulders drooping under a private'starnished blouse (with lieutenant-general's straps),blinked amicably at the faultlessly attired, snowybearded loser, shook hands cordially, introduced hisofficers. The Union men murmured politely, hesitatedto come to the brutal point. General Lee, unruffled,reminded them the meeting was to treat about hissurrender, suggested written terms. Seating himself at a small table the Union commander scribbledhis terms, handed the paper to General Lee.Reading slowly, Lee's sad eyes brightened atGrant's clemency. The conditions were: 1) The defeated Southerners could return to their homes unmolested after signing paroles to fight for the Confederacy no more 2) Only public property wasto be surrendered. Officers were to retain their sidearms and personal baggage. "That will have a veryhappy effect," the gray General rejoiced addinghowever, that his cavalrymen furnished their ownhorses, that they would need them for plowing and planting. Acquiesced General Grants "The UnitedStates does not need the horses and mules of smallfarmers."Promptly General Lee sat down, penned his acceptance. Ready to go, he called attention to thehalf starved condition of his array, remarked thatthey had lived for several days on parched corn. Inanswer to General Grant's inquiry whether 25,000rations would be enough he replied, "Plenty, plenty,an abundance," bowed courteously, departed. Calmly majestically, the broken hearted Commander, stillside-armed, mounted Traveller his mare, returned tohis 28,000 encircled and starving men.There while some cheered, some cried, the Commander-in-Chief of the Confederate Army issued hislast general order— No. 9 — "Valor and devotioncould accomplish nothing that could compensate forthe loss that would have attended the continuationof the contest I bid you all an affectionatefarewell."So, in part, had TIME been published inApril, 1865, would it have reported Lee's surrender to Grant at Appomattox. So, too, wouldTIME have reported the gallant but fruitlessefforts of Confederate Generals Johnston, Taylor, Magruder, Forney and Smith to continuethe struggle, the ultimate disbandment of allthe Southern armies, the absence of any Unionvictory celebration, the friendly reconstructionattempts of Lincoln which were frustrated andreversed after his assassination.Cultivated Americans, impatient with cheap sensationalism and windy bias,turn increasingly to publications edited in the historical spirit. These publications, fair-dealing, vigorously impartial, devote themselves to the public wealin the sense that they report what they see, serve no masters, fear no groups.TIMEThe Weekly NewsmagazineYEARLY SUBSCRIPTION $5. .135 EAST 42nd STREET, NEW YORK CITY. .15 CENTS AT ALL NEWSTANDSYshat does it taketo uatisfu ? ""That's easy . . .and they're MILDERand they TASTE BETTER."© 1933. Liggett & Myers Tobacco Co.