"T5 — rpVOL. XXV MARCH, I<?3J NUMBER 5THE UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO MAGAZINESCORES OF TRAVELLERS HAVE CHOSEN WHITE STAR MORE THAN FIFTY TIMES EACHForty years ago. . . today's White Starcaptains in the makingSEAMANSHIP— the foundation ofWhite Star's perfect serviceA glorious tradition of the sea — White Star service!The perfect service that begins with perfect seamanship . . . expert knowledge that "paves the waves" andgives you every opportunity to enjoy the grand goodtime that's so much a part of White Star travel.That's why scores of seasoned travellers havecrossed with White Star 50 times over . . ."50 Timers"—those constant travellers who are never more happythan when enjoying White Star's perfect service.You will find, on White Star liners, the strictest attention to every detail of your comfort. Swift, unobtrusivecare for all your wants is a matter of deep, personalpride with every man who wears theWhite Star insignia.Seamanship — Service! That's why scores oftravellers are glad to call themselves "50 TIMERS"—via White Star Line.TOURIST CLASS IS "TOP"CLASS ON THESE GREATRED STAR LINERSMinnewaska, Ai/nttetotika,Pentt/andand Western/and— theformer two were exclusivelyFirst Class, the larter two werepopular Cabin liners. Now,tor the low Tourist rate, youmay have the finest on theships. Fares from $106.50,one way; $189 round trip.For full information and reservations apply to yourlocal agent or to your own Graduate Travel Service.WHITE STAR LINERED STAR LINE • I. M. M. COMPANY,Main Office: No. 1 Broadway, New York UTMOST OCEAN SERVICE. through your ,Offices in other principal cities. Agents everywhere \j™i°g"™/ It costs no more to enjoy the servicethat makes the "SO TIMERS"MAJESTIC (world's largest ship)OLYMPIC HOMERICDe luxe express service from New Yorkto England and FranceGEORGIC (new) BRITANNIC (new)Largest British motor linersADRIATIC LAURENTICCabin service from New York and Bostonto Ireland and EnglandTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 20 1Wken You Visit ChicagoYou will enjoy stopping at Hotel Shoreland.Make your home at this distinguished addresswhether you return for a reunion, come for anathletic contest or merely visit Chicago on abusiness or pleasure trip.You will find an atmosphere of true culture andrefinement . . . spacious and luxurious rooms,suites and apartments - furnished in good tastewith every modern appointment.A location as secluded as a beautiful countryestate yet but 10 minutes from the "Loop" viathe Outer Drive or Illinois Central Electric.Your inquiry cordially invited.The Accepted Center of Social ActivitiesHotel Shoreland is privileged to serve noteworthy gatherings — banquets,dinners, dances, teas and luncheons of some of the most prominent of theUniversity of Chicago groups. A wide variety of the most unusual privateparty rooms — a service and cuisine that leaves nothing to be desired.Fifty-Fifth Street at the Lake CHICAGO\Q Cross of QoMid-summer 1896 saw sweating delegates tothe Democratic National Convention in Chicago fiercely split into two camps: Gold (currency based on gold only) and Silver (Bi-met-alism, currency based on both silver and gold) The financial crisis of 1893 had forced thegovernment to stop buying and minting silver.Thus money was growing scarce, particularlyfor Western and Southern farmers. They, burdened with mortgages and debts contractedduring the post-Civil War boom when currencywas plentiful, now demanded free and unlimited silver coinage with which to pay thesedebts. The Republicans weaseled, declared fora gold standard until international bi-metalismwas possible. Eastern Democrats led by SenatorHill of New York also stood for gold In thestifling convention hall, the debate dragged on.As TIME, had it been published July 13, 1896,would have reported subsequent events:. . . Last scheduled speaker was Nebraska's youngonetime congressman, William Jennings Bryan, No. 1Orator of the Silver Democrats. His sonorous voiceeasily filled the hall as he sketched the history of thecurrency conflict, then defiantly faced the Gold delegates:."You tell lis that we are about to disturb yourbusiness interests .... You have disturbed our business interests by your course. . . . The man who isemployed . . . attorney in a country town . . . merchant , . . farmer . . . miners . . . are as much businessmen as the few financial magnates who, in a back room, corner the money of the world. We speak forthis broader class of business men .... (Cheers)Our petitions . . . scorned . . . We beg no longer.We petition no more. We defy them. (Loud applause)The holders of fixed investments have declared forthe gold standard, but not . . . the masses. . . ."There are two ideas of government: There arethose who believe that if you . . . make the well-to-do prosperous, their prosperity will leak through onthose below. The Democratic idea has been, however,that if you legislate to make the masses prosperous,their prosperity will find its way up through everyclass which rests upon them. (Cheers)"You tell us that the great cities are in favor ofthe gold standard. We reply that the great cities restupon our broad and fertile prairies .... Destroyour farms and the grass will grow in the streets ofevery city in the country. . . ."Having behind us the producing masses of thisnation and the world . . . we will answer their demand for a gold standard by saying to them: Youshall not press down upon the brow of labor thiscrown oi thorns; you shall not crucify mankind upona cross of gold."A moment's silence, then a frenzied roar that announced the coming to glory of a new leader. Yelling, weeping, hundreds of delegates struggled to theplatform. Eight huskies lifted Orator Bryan to theirshoulders, and the parade began .... Later theConvention rejected the gold plank, adopted one demanding "free and unlimited coinage of both silverand gold at the present legal ratio of 16 to 1." Thatnight a huge crowd gathered in front of Bryan'shotel, forced him to repeat his speech. . . . Next dayanother crowd rushed to the barber shop where No.1 Orator Bryan was being shaved, to tell him that hewas Democratic Candidate for U. S. President, torun on a strictly Bryan platform ....Cultivated Americans, impatient with cheap sensationalism and windy bias,turn increasingly to publications edited in the historical spirit. These publications, fair-dealing, vigorously impartial, devote themselves to the public wealin the sense that they report what they see, serve no masters, fear no groups.TIMEThe Weekly Newsmagazine20Zftye ©ntoersitp of Chicago jWagajmeRuth C. E. Earnshaw, '31Associate EditorCharlton T. Beck, '04Editor and Business ManagerMilton E. Robinson, *ii, J.D. '13Chairman, Editorial BoardFred B. Millett, Ph.D. '32, William V. Morgenstern, '20, J.D. '22, John P. Howe, '27Contributing EditorsI Al T H IOn our cover we show the Midway entrance to the Albert Merritt Billings Hospital.Jli £&. £l£. J3/L ill?S? T%* V1V V*v TpTAt the annual dinner of the Law Schoolof the University of Chicago, held at Judson Court on January 25, the guest speakerwas Judge James H. Wilkerson, of theUnited States District Court. His address was of such general interest that wetake great pride in presenting it to ourreaders.*J? 7j£ 3jC 7jC 3j?When the Magazine printed the articleof former President Schwartz of the LawAssociation on The Missing Element inLegal Education, reader comment was bothanticipated and received. We publish oneof the letters in this issue. It comes fromWilliam Albert McDermid, a big man oncampus from 1903 to 1907 and a big manoff campus since then. Bill lives in NewYork where he is Counselor on IndustrialManagement. He is a former president ofthe Association of National Advertisers.&L 2&L $£. £3& 2J&.Tp: Tfr ^r ^r •%?Arnold L. Lieberman divides his timebetween a medical practice in Gary and re search work in physiology at the Universityof Chicago.*****William F. Cramer presents his annualreport upon the incoming freshmen.Dr. Mary G. Schroeder, former assistant in neurology at Rush, has been on thestaff of the Elgin State Hospital since 193 1.Lawrence MacGregor is Bond officer forthe New York Trust Company. One ofthe most active undergraduates of his time,a past president of the New York AlumniClub, he is also a military man, havingserved for the duration of the war — andthen some — with Base Hospital No. 13.Rufus C. Fulbright is one of the outstanding authorities of the country on interstate commerce laws and the only alumnusknown to the editor to have refused anappointment to the Interstate CommerceCommission. He practices law with offices in Washington and Houston.The Magazine is published at 1009 Sloan St., Crawfordsville, Ind., monthly from Novemberto July, inclusive, for The Alumni Council of the University of Chicago, 58th St. and Ellis Ave.,Chicago, 111. The subscription price is $2.00 per year; the price of single copies is 25 cents.Entered as second class matter December 10, 1924, at the Post Office at Crawfordsville, Indiana,under the Act of March 3, 1879.203Looking Through the Arches of the Medical QuadrangleVol. xxv No. 5WotUmbergttp of ChicagojMaga^tneMARCH, 1933•i : : : — 1-The Lawyer of TomorrowBy James H. WilkersonJudge, United States District CourtWE ARE living in a critical period.It is one of the most critical inour history. The issues involvedare as far reaching as those of the periodof anarchy following the war for Americanindependence, and ending with the adoption of the Constitution. They are asserious as those of the period followingthe Civil War when the nation was savedfrom dictatorship and the Constitutionalguaranties were preserved. They arisefrom the cumulative effect of titanic forces.The industrial revolution of the machineage, the unparalleled destruction of theWorld War and the inflation and financialchaos following the war have wrought aprofound change in our civilization. Thechange has been so profound that we mustanswer this question : are the old ideas ofindividual liberty and private property andhuman rights to survive? Or, under theform of the Republic, are we to have newconceptions of the control of industry andthe distribution of property?In such times all institutions of government are under stress and strain. In atime of readjustment and reorganization,such as that through which we are passing, the greatest pressure has always been upon the judiciary, that branch chargedparticularly with the protection of rightsagainst the unwarranted encroachment ofindividuals and government.I think that I do not overstate it whenI say that our courts are facing the severesttest to which they have ever been put.Their ability to meet that test successfullymay shape the future of the republic. Itmay be the deciding factor in determiningwhether we continue a true republic or become a communistic state under a dictatorship.When I speak of courts, I use the wordbroadly. I do not mean judges and courtattendants alone. I include all of the members of the great profession to which ascounsellors and advocates and judges, society has entrusted the protection and vindication of human rights. All are officersof the court. The responsibility restsequally upon all. Judges alone do not determine the character of courts. If thecourts of a country are courageous, ableand independent, you will find around thema strong, virile and high-minded bar. Ifcourts are generally weak and vacillatingand ineffective, you will find a selfish, mercenary and unprincipled bar.205206 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINETo appreciate the magnitude of the taskconfronting our courts, let us considerbriefly their place in our plan of government. There are certain basic principleswhich I shall assume are accepted by allwho believe in our civilization and in ourform of government. Those who wouldhave a different civilization and who thinkthat our plan of government is wrong ofcourse will not agree with what I haveto say. I do not intend to debate withthem. I shall assume that we are againstcommunism in whatever form it is presented, and believe in the doctrine ofindividual liberty and in the plan of government established under our Constitution.We must bear in mind that institutionsof government embody the thought of apeople. In a despotism as well as in arepublic, the government will not last whenit ceases to represent the people's conception of what their government should be.Different civilizations have represented different conceptions of the relation of theindividual to government. Some of themhave represented the submergence of theindividual in the State. Others have represented the unrestrained activity of theindividual. The one has ended in despotism, the other, in anarchy.Our civilization is based on a differentconception. Right or wrong, it is our idea.It is the heart of our institutions. When itchanges our civilization will change. It isthe old Anglo-Saxon idea, handed downfrom generation to generation of self determination under law. It would give to individual ambition the widest scope forachievement consistent with the recognitionof equal rights in others. It fosters industrial liberty and is irreconcilably opposed togovernment control of industry, with thenation's workers organized into armies of industrial soldiers or industrial slaves. Thisdoctrine of liberty under law, of equalityof rights before the law, is the creativeforce which animates all of our institutions.Edmund Burke said: "The restraints onmen as well as their liberties are to bereckoned among their rights."The agencies, therefore, which are established to guard the rights of citizens against unwarranted encroachments byother citizens or by the government itselfare of the very essence of free institutions. Inthe nature of things they must be distinctfrom the other departments of government. It is a maxim as old as the conception of popular government that " therecan be no true liberty if the power of judging be not separated from the executive andlegislative departments." The preservation of equality of rights before the law,under popular government is dependentupon the impartial, fearless and effectiveadministration of justice in the courts. Ifthe courts fail to perform their function, iflaw is not respected, if life, liberty and property are not protected, the forms of populargovernment are a travesty. Of what valueare bills of rights, constitutions, elections,universal suffrage, if the government failsin these things upon which the existenceof civilization depends? Such a government can not endure. The people will turnfrom a futile democracy to some authoritywhich is strong enough to maintain socialorder and to safeguard life and property.As we review these axioms of governmentthe thought which is foremost in our mindsis this: are our courts measuring up tothe requirements of the place which theyhold in our scheme of government? Arethey adequate agencies for the enforcementof law? Are they effective in the protection of rights? Is justice speedily and impartially administered ?Candor compels us to say that the verdict of those who are studying and analyzing the administration of justice in thiscountry is against us. They cite the increaseof crime and the growth of disrespectfor law. They point to the looseness andlength of our trials and to the latitude accorded to demagogues of the bar,with the resulting miscarriages of justice.They point to justice thwarted by technicalities and delayed by long and laboriousappeals on frivolous grounds. They pointto thousands upon thousands of volumes ofso-called authorities, in which in some oneof the forty-eight states precedent can befound for almost every legal vagary underthe sun. They point to the confusion re-THE LAWYER OF TOMORROW 207suiting from conflicting decisions uponwhich there should be one rule for the entire nation. And they ask — can this planof government set up under our Constitution endure unless the courts are so reformed and strengthened that they areequal to the performance of their part inour plan of government?If we examine the forces which havebeen effective in impairing the morale ofour courts I think we will agree in the endupon two things. First: the courts havemerely reflected the evil effect of the machine age upon the legal profession. Second :legislation and reform in legal procedure will not restore the efficiency of thecourts as agencies of justice unless thereis a return by the lawyers of America tothe old standards of professional service andpublic duty.I would not have you understand thatwhat I am saying is in the spirit of harshcriticism of our profession. In times ofcrisis it has never failed. I have confidencethat it will not fail now. But laying asideprofessional pride we should examine thefacts of history, in order that we mayappraise the remedies which are proposedin the name of progress and reform.The industrial revolution resulting fromsteam and electricity brought in the eraof gigantic corporations and combinations.There was the growth of great private fortunes. There was wealth on a scale ofwhich the world had never dreamed. Lawsenacted to curb the concentration of wealthwere ruthlessly swept aside. The pursuitof money, the power of money, the dominance of the rich became the controllingforce in the new industrial order. If wewould seek the beginnings of the existingdisrespect for law, we must go back of prohibition or the World War. We must goback to the days of the strong man who defied law to build up the great combinationsand amass vast fortunes. From their example has come the popular belief thatthere is one law for the rich and anotherfor the poor and that courts are impotentagainst the encroachments of lawless wealth.With the industrial revolution therecame a change in the spirit of the nation. The old principles were forgotten. Lawful restraint upon individual effort in theinterest of society ceased to be regardedas the duty of the citizen. It became aburden to be cast aside, a troublesome hindrance to be evaded, if evasion withoutdetection or punishment was possible.This spirit of lawlessness in the acquisition of wealth, of fawning before greatwealth, however acquired, has permeatedour whole social structure. It is a menaceto our institutions. Until it is put asideand the old spirit of true freedom, of libertyunder law is regained, the agencies of justice will be imperiled and popular government endangered.Aside from the general effect of the newspirit of the mechanical age upon our profession and the courts, I would emphasizeone change in particular which has beenbrought about. For centuries the highestform of legal service was the presentationof causes in courts. From the ranks oflawyers trained in the art of simple, concise and forceful presentation came thejudges. Such a combination of bench andbar commanded public respect and confidence. With the new era came a newspecies of lawyer. He held a commissionto practice law. He was an officer of thecourt. He owed a duty to the bench andthe bar and the public as such. Actuallyhe was a promoter, an organizer, a business-director. The great financial rewards forthis kind of legal service attracted muchof the best talent of the bar. I do notdwell upon this. We know how many lawyers of great ability there are who declineto give their time to the trial of cases orto accept service on the bench because theysay that they cannot afford it. The withdrawal of these lawyers of great abilityfrom active court work either on the benchor at the bar is one of the chief causes ofthe impairment of the efficiency of the courtsin dealing with the present condition ofdisrespect for law and of weakness in theenforcement of law.The effect of the failure of so many ablelawyers to take part in the work of thecourts has been accentuated by other factors. I mention some that are apparent.2o8 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEFirst: political influence in the selection of judges. Second: attempted intimidation of elective trial judges whose soleoffense has been that they have obeyed thestatutes and followed the decisions of thecourts of last resort by reprisals at the polls.Third: needless multiplication of longand involved opinions by reviewing courts,where only fact questions or questions oflaw presenting no new principle are involved. Fourth: great waste of time ofthe courts, resulting from imperfect preparation and presentation of cases by lawyers skilled in special fields, able men, butwithout training in court work. Fifth:attempts by law schools to accomplish theimpossible and to give a training which cancome only by association with real lawyersdealing with actual situations, as was formerly done, and to unload on the courtswhat really amounts to the post graduatetraining of law students.We are forced to the conclusion, if weview the facts fairly and without prejudice, that there is foundation for the popular belief that the courts are slipping inefficiency. And we are obliged to admitthat this failure and much of the accompanying disrespect for law and weaknessin the enforcement of law is to be chargeddirectly to our profession.Nor may we evade our responsibility byattempting to place the blame upon allegeddefects in court organization and procedure. If court machinery is cumbersomeand procedure is too archaic for modernconditions, it is the duty of our professionto point out measures for simplification andto see that those measures are adopted. Itis idle to say that such measures, if theyhave the earnest, whole-hearted supportof the bar behind them will not be accepted.It has become a convenient excuse, whenit is pointed out that justice has failed because of a technical error, or law enforcement has been weakened by long delays,to place the blame upon antiquated rulesand precedents. I challenge the validityof this defense. The weakness of our courtslies not so much in sins of commission as inthose of omission. Rarely, if ever, is a situation presented where technicality anddelay may not be thwarted by the promptand vigorous exercise of the authority whichthe courts now have. Of course, courts,like all other institutions of civilized society, must adapt themselves to the changing conditions of the time. But it is littleshort of ridiculous for our great professionto adopt the role of the infant and to tryto blame its own shortcomings upon something which, if it exists, it is the duty ofthe bar of America to correct.Another excuse which we hear frequentlyis that the courts are overburdened becausewe have too many laws. Of course we have,we always have had and always will havelaws which serve no useful purpose andwhich should be repealed. But the claim thatthere are so many of those useless laws thattheir repeal will restore the efficiency ofthe courts will not stand analysis. Takethe statutes of the state or of the UnitedStates. Go through them, strike out thelaws with which you think we could dispense in the public interest. And then tellme just how much you have relieved thecourts. We are not living in an age ofprimeval simplicity. This is the complexage of steam and electricity. We have thegreat problems of our utilities. The protection of individual rights has vastly enlargedthe functions of government. The declamation about returning to the ten commandments might have some meaning forthe Arabs of the desert. It has no meaning for the era of the railroad, the steamship, the telegraph, the telephone and theradio. And it can not serve as an excusefor the failure of our profession to bring upthe standard of our courts to the requirements of the modern age.Of course, I know the question that mostof you are about to ask. How about prohibition? Is not that the sufficient causefor the retrogression of our courts andthe downfall of law enforcement ? I answer first that the influences which were undermining the efficiency of the courts andcausing disrespect for law and lawyers wereactive long before the Eighteenth Amendment was adopted. You must go back tothe period of railroad favoritism, to theTHE LAWYER OF TOMORROW 209time of corporate ruthlessness and lawlessness. I answer next that, whatever maybe the verdict as to the efficiency of nationalprohibition in promoting temperance andsocial order, the repeal of the amendmentwill bring only partial relief to the courts.It is inconceivable that there can be anysolution of the liquor question which willnot protect states which desire to remaindry and which will tolerate the return ofthe saloon, as it existed before prohibition.It is only necessary to state this to understand that any solution of this great andfar-reaching problem will require a greatdeal of work on the part of the courts, andthat the notion that we can restore lawand order in this country by the single actof repeal is an idle dream.Equally without merit is the claim thatlaw enforcement has broken down 'becausewe can not get rid of the limitations embedded in our Constitutions for the protection of those accused of crime. Arousedby the spread of crime and the ineffectiveness of courts in protecting life and property extremists say: get rid of the grandjury, dispense with the indictment, abolishtrial by jury, abolish the presumption ofinnocence, abrogate the protection of theaccused against self-incrimination. Whynot? It is no longer necessary to protectthe citizen against a despotic king or anautocratic nobility. We forget the politicalprosecutor. We forget the great wrongscommitted when the power of the prosecution is prostituted to crush out oppositionto a political machine. So long as prosecuting officers are in politics or have anything to do with politics, or are under anykind of obligation to those who have political interests to advance, the old guaranties must stand. And here again the complaints are largely imaginery. With a baralive to its duty to society and to the state,with courts alert to detect improper influence and willing to exercise their authorityto the limit to curb the misconduct of thoselawyers who have no conception of theirduty as officers, the old guaranties willprove that they have stood the test of time.They will stand in the future, as theyhave been in the past, the guardians of liberty against arbitrary power under whatever guise it may try to assert itself.We may try to explain it away as wewill. There is but one remedy for inefficiency in the courts. There is but one wayin which respect for law and for the courtscan be restored. The lawyers of America must regain the old conception of theirduty to those from whom they have receivedtheir commissions as public officers. Theremust be kindled anew an appreciation ofthe vital importance of the courts in ourplan of government. That great body ofour profession whose activities have beenwithdrawn from the courts must take anew interest in raising the standard of thecourts. By united effort and well directedenergy the lawyers must require that thosechosen for service on the bench shall bequalified by education and experience forthat particular work. The bar must realize that the time has come when presentation of causes in courts requires a specialpreparation and that the standard of thecourts is dependent upon the standard ofthe lawyers who appear before it. Andabove all, the officers of the courts mustsurround them and protect and defend themin the performance of their duties.There is no short cut to law enforcement and respect for law. There is no easypanacea. There is no slogan or shibbolethwhich can be invoked. It is a long, hardroad. The lawyers of America must undothe effects of fifty years of their own desertion and neglect. They must return tothe service of their country and give to itthe time and energy which are given by thesoldier in time of war. This is a time ofwar — of relentless war against forceswhich, if they are permitted to increase inpower, will sweep the nation from itsfoundations. If our profession fails in thiscrisis, the courts fail, the nation fails.The cause of popular government is in ourhands.Are we equal to the great task which confronts us? Can our profession rise aboveservice to special interests and devote a partof its energies and talent to the establishment of justice and the restoration of respect for the law?A Layman Looks at the LawCharles P. Schwartz, Esq.,I La Salle Street,Chicago, 111.Dear Mr. Schwartz:Thanks for your very cordial letter. Ihave not the skill to write for publicationas you suggest, and further, it would requirea good deal of research to produce enoughdata to have an article carry sufficientweight.May I suggest a few of the more obviousangles, without any attempt to elaborate onthem, with the idea that some individual orgroup, concerned with the growing distrustof your profession, might dig in and developthe brief. (A good way would be to getpress clippings of editorials that every oncein a while appear in reputable and conservative papers.)Business men see trade associations and industries in general working earnestly todrive destructive elements from their industry or curb unethical or dishonest practice.The advertising business (which is atleast semi-professional in character) hasdone a superlative job in driving out thecharlatan and the crook — although muchremains to be done.The layman sees the Bar Associationspussy-foot around situations and men, andoppose, actively or passively, reforms in judicial procedure. He wonders why they arenot at least as active in washing their dirtylinen as are less enlightened and less educated groups of business men.He sees (as in New York recently) Statelegislatures, largely dominated by lawyers,fail to enact those measures that wouldsimplify that procedure.Finally, he sees a mass of technicalitiesbuilt up so that instead of providing for theexposure of pertinent fact and the servingof the ends of justice, a legal trial becomesa highly technical game, won or lost by therules of the game without any particular regard to the merit of the case, and characterized by a perfectly incredible delay andunnecessary cost. Let me cite you an indictment that appears in the files of the Canton (Ohio)Daily News (a Scripps Howard newspaper)about 1926, indicting Ben Rudner for themurder of Don Mellett, the editor of theNews.No layman could be convinced that aperfectly legal, valid indictment could nothave been written within the compass of a100 word telegram. (Will any lawyeragree with this?) Instead of this, there isa document that fills several newspapercolumns. It is beyond any question as absurd an example of the use of words to conceal facts as might be found. It is almostliterally impossible to read the thing and notbe affected by a profound nausea for the lawand its processes.This sort of thing — and you, being familiar with indictments, can find hundreds ofexamples, perhaps worse — looks to the layman like a mumbo- jumbo unworthy of anAfrican witch-doctor. It convinces him thatlawyers have built up, for their own purposes, a mechanism to defeat justice, not tofurther it.When he sees a technically minded judge— trained in this same school of precedent-enshrined hocus pocus — rule out evidencewhich is obviously pertinent to a correct determination of the case, is it any wonderthat the man on the street has so profound a distrust of the law and of all itsworks ?Is it time that there was within the legalprofession a house-cleaning movement comparable, let us say, to the "Truth in Advertising" movement, which, while stillvery far from perfect, has done much todrive out the undesirable elements?In any event, an open minded effort toget at and understand what the laymanthinks of the law would contribute vitallyto legal education. Or wouldn't it?With kindest regards,Yours sincerely,W. A. McDermid210The Cook County HospitalBy Arnold L. Lieberman, '24, M.D. '28, Ph.D. '31HOSPITALS that amount to anything at all are an entity, a something that one feels at first contact.Thus Passavant : snappy — up-to-date — askyscraper among skyscrapers — modernisticfurnishings — immaculate attendants- — ultra-fast elevators — To-day and a forecast ofTo-morrow. Billings is altogether different :solid, substantial, dignified and yet a triflesupercilious, still lacking the true tolerancethat only genuine age brings. MichaelReese strikes other notes: with all itsramshackle furniture and atrocious exteriorthere is a warmth of sympathy, a genuinecamaraderie among the staff and attendantsthat warms a chap by its palpable presence.One can name other prominent Chicagohospitals and classify them almost with aword : Presbyterian, well, a Mid- Victorianbanker; St. Luke's, Insull in his better moments ; Wesleyan, a rather slatternly housekeeper who has seen better days; and so on.But none of these with all their personalities make an impact the way the CountyHospital does. An immense, begrimedjumble of buildings that is an island city setdeep in the slums of the West Side. Clanging street cars; dusty, crowded sidewalks;groups of loafing taxicab drivers; ambulatory cases with bandages and crutches ; medical students ; internes out for a little air. . . .And then: constantly swinging doors andthe lobby permeated with a clinging, tenacious odor that, with the drab and drearywalls, bare ceiling, and the bescuffed railingand booth, bespeak the very concentratedessence of unrelenting somberness. Then,getting past the guardians of the gate andstanding in the hushed, two block long corridors with their absolutely blank walls anddoors — just an occasional nurse or, possibly,an attendant wheeling a patient, the dimnessand the quiet — the startling quiet, after theoutside hurly-burly. . . . An impressionnot soon forgotten.And the daily infinite variety of the pattern that goes to make the immense total :12,000 to 15,000 applicants monthly; 50,000 patients admitted yearly, the restbeing sent to the various free clinics ; a dailyaverage of over 2,500 patients, with a capacity of 3,500 beds. The sheer immensity ofthe casual figures that make this the largestgeneral hospital in the world. What fantastic stories of weird woe and abysmalmisery each ward could tell — and does tellin the unending recital of case histories.Casually jotted down by internes longinured to similar tales. Then, just as casually, filed in the immense library. What awealth of material for some Poe or DeMaupassant !Take the Psychopathic Ward. It has aweekly average of only 100 to 150 casesthat go on to the various state institutions,the rest being released. Here is the"strainer" for the great city; all the "queerones" are brought here first. The three-story, red brick harlot with the barred windows, squatting obscenely on the corner ofPolk and Wood streets! All doors lockedand double-locked by attendants chosen withan eye to brawn and nerve. An anteroom tohell reeking with paraldehyde and resounding with the shrieks of the maniacs. Ofcourse, most of the material is routine :Sex, Syphilis and Alcohol tell the story ofmost of them. And yet unforgettable, truephantasmagorias stand out from the associations formed while on that service. Thecase of the paralytic recluse who went insane while seeing his wife's body being devoured by rats when no one had come tovisit them for three days after her death.. . . The case of the brilliant consultingengineer who went paranoic brooding overhis wife's alleged trysts with his own brother— and his diabolic "revenge." The calmness with which he narrated the terrificdetails. . . . The case of the early pareticwho held himself out as the Messiah coming to save the world. What a talk I hadwith him while he lay strapped down in thesolitary of the first floor! . . . The case ofthe poor, little Irish immigrant girl whowent stark mad after being ravished, I'm211212 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEsure, by her own uncle . . . (Withoutpositive proof silence was golden.) . . .The great executive with leukemic priapism,fortunately diagnosed and transferred to aprivate medical hospital. . . . The dearlittle blind old lady who was obsessed withthe notion that her children had allowed herto become flea-infested, while all she hadwas a senile neuro-dermatitis. . . . Howproud I was of her cure, using a little oliveoil and plenty of blarney!And the Children's Building: a large,yellow brick structure with each floor subdivided into cubicles. Colorfully paintedwalls and a general air of model efficiencyand cheerfulness. Even the most patheticcases have an air of hope, an aura of expectant future that is lacking with the grownups. The orthopedic floor with some of thetots with tubercular spines lying on Bradford frames encased in complete body casts,month after month, maybe year after year.Even here as you go by there are smiles andchildish laughter. Only in the venerealsection is there more of the bleakness whichpermeates the other wards. The case ofjuvenile paresis . . . the infant tabetic. . . the terror stricken little five year oldwith a third degree tear and a chancre froma brutal violation.A casual visitor, however, would be mostimpressed by seeing the medical and surgicalwards of the main building: huge, high-ceilinged, enormous windowed 6o-bedrooms, flanked by smaller rooms for themore ill. Sick humanity en masse! Thesuccession of chronics on the medical services: decompensated hearts, broken-downkidneys, hopeless arthritics, far advancedcirrhoses of the liver. . . . Different taleson the same motif : no health, no work, nomoney, no home. Enormous percentage ofNegroes; many Slavs, chiefly Poles; quitea few Italians ; a scattering of Germans andother North Europeans, and an occasionalJew alongside a Mexican — a real melangeof races. Much more cheerful in the surgical wards: young fellows with accute appendices, hernias, hemorrhoids; accidentcases with broken bones and cuts ; burns andgunshot wounds — much to do, much tolearn. Humorous memories: the green interne (yours truly) gazing helplessly onhis first surgical case, a very bad comminutedboth bone fracture of the leg. . . . Thegrey-haired nursing supervisor coming tothe rescue with a tactful, "Anything I canhelp you with, Doctor?" . . . And thecomical old Negress with the huge ovariancyst. When told she needed an operationfor its removal she countered with a withering, "No damn-fool doctor is going to takefrom me anything that the good Lord JesusChrist has put into me as punishment formy sins." ...And treasured memories of great attending men making ward rounds, expounding, correcting by example. Living idealsof goals to strive for! And the first timeas a junior assistant putting on mask andgloves and helping up in surgery : the greateighth floor with its two large amphitheatresand six smaller operating rooms. The mostspectacular part of the hospital as far as thelaity is concerned : all types of work frombrain tumors to simple hernias, ten to fortycases a day, just grist for the clinics of thefour great medical schools of the city.But for the pulsating, raw, daily dramaof life there is no better place than the receiving room of the hospital. Here everything comes first. Here is the constant clangof ambulances and patrols rolling up thedriveway; the blue-coated police; the trim,clean, women's side ; the much dirtier men'sside; the constant stream of applicants:almost a crush on Monday morning keepinga dozen nurses humping sorting and directing the flow, most of them sent on to thevarious free dispensaries, the more seriousadmitted: mostly to general medicine orsurgery, some to genito-urinary, some tocontagious, and so on. However, it is aftermidnight that the really outre material rollsin. Frightful auto smash-ups after gayparties with too many libations; half theparticipants sent on to the morgue directlyand the rest just making a temporary stopup in surgery. ( Some reckless drivers shouldstick around and watch the proceedings.). . . Gangsters taken for a ride and ventilated with lead; drunken back-of-yardsrowdies slashed to ribbons with razors afterlibidinous brawls. ... All the wreckageTHE COOK COUNTY HOSPITAL 213of a great city's night life on parade tillabout three or four in the morning whenthere is a lull in the proceedings and onecan stretch out for a short nap waiting forthe roaring tide of the morning rush. Somecases float up vividly on the panorama ofmemory: the gangster brought in shotthrough both lungs and whispering to mein the booth, "Here, Doc, keep this for metill I get out," and handing me a big Smithand Wesson .38. I wonder what crimes hehad committed ? ( He coughed his life outten minutes later. ) . . . The wretched fleaand louse infested old woman brought indying from starvation. Sewed in her clothing we found $5,000 odd in large-sized bills.What was her story? . . . The ghastly,haunting mask of the old dope fiend whoturned out to have been a former leader ofsociety with a capital S. What Dantesqueladder did he descend ?But we stroll on across the great courtyard to the Tuberculosis Building: a living grave fittingly placed next to the morgue.As a rule, only far advanced cases come toCounty. Riddled by the wax-coated Kochbacillus, wasted by the fatal fever, yetflushed with hectic optimism they tell youbetween spasmodic coughs how they expectto be able to leave soon. And they do,seventy-five a month or so, across the wayto the great Ice Box in the morgue. . . .And speaking of the latter. A most fascinating place. Here come all whose lifeproblems have been solved. Not only thetuberculous but the chronics, the surgeon'smistakes, the suicides, the murdered, theunidentified dead, the green "floaters"pulled out of the lake after decay haslightened them — all are there. Lots ofroom! Room for a couple of hundred!And on Wednesday mornings when the trucks call for the bodies slated for potter'sfield or the medical schools for dissectionmost doors of the compartments are leftuntagged — but not for long. ... A sightfew tourists would care to see but most instructive just the same.And the great cold slabs upstairs wherethe post-mortems are held. All the coroner'scases ; all the great pathology clinics ! Andwho can forget the 56 holes in "DiamondJoe's" body after he was machine-gunned?(What price his diamonds?) And oldTony Kissane ? The one who had a speakeasy at Halsted and Harrison? His sonwas later body guard to Jack Lingle offragrant memory but that is irrelevant. Andwhat person is more interesting than Tom,the old diener at the morgue? He hashelped at post-mortems these last fortyyears and he has forgotten more pathologythan most doctors will ever know. Howwell I remember his teaching me the easymethod of finding bullets.Still other things are stamped on mymind when I think of the grey old Hospital. The time when we had a banquetand the then county prosecuting attorneysent out a truck load of confiscated boozeto the party under motorcycle police escort(to prevent hijacking). The time I almostdied with a post-mortem wound infection.. . . The searing horror of seeing your palsnuffed out in the course of a morning withfulminating meningitis while all the city'sleading specialists stood by helplessly. . . .The Cook County Hospital! A great,brooding, somber pile! Without illusionsshe yet tries to soften the harsh millstones oflife grinding pitilessly the weak and the ill !Her stony crags are a buckler for the submerged tenth! I wish I had the pen to doher justice!Wi WychwoodE WILL not only preserve whatis now here, but we will bring hereevery wild flower that will grow;in the open spaces beside the water wherethe birds love to congregate, we will makea berry garden for their use alone, so thatfrom May on through the whole long summer, and until Christmastide, a feast maybe spread for them. We will tempt theshy creatures of the wood to our doors. Noenemy shall be here to frighten them, butalways food and drink and a hearty welcome." Thus did the founders of theWychwood Sanctuary at Lake Geneva,Wisconsin, express their purpose, and thispurpose will be continued by the University of Chicago in the years to come.For Frances Kinsley Hutchinson hasgiven her beautiful Lake Geneva estate,with a substantial endowment fund, to theUniversity, to be devoted to the supportof experimental work in the Departmentof Botany. Such fellowships in botany asmay be deemed expedient are also providedfor.Since 1900, when Wychwood came intothe possession of Mr. and Mrs. Hutchinson, the tract of seventy acres of virginwoodland has been maintained with the least possible disturbance of natural conditions. It was Mrs. Hutchinson's purposeto preserve this bit of forest, with its birds,flowers and trees, as a permanent sanctuary.As she herself says in her book, Wychwood,"As the years went by and we began tosee the results of our experiment as the immediate countryside became more and morecivilized, as the swamps were drained andthe fields cultivated, our seventy acres grewmore and more precious. It was an expression of the real wilderness surviving fromthe Indian days, with its animal life, itsvaried trees, its berries and blossoms, itsferns and fungi, its mosses and grasses.Man's life is ephemeral but, if not disturbed by human hands, a woodland goeson forever. Could we not save this specialtract for future generations to enjoy?"After studying the question, after visiting many reservations in different parts ofthe country, after consulting with scientists, it was decided to leave the property toa self perpetuating board of trustees witha sufficient fund to endow it. Accordinglyin 1926, the property known as Wychwood was formally deeded to this board,with full power to administer it forever.It was arranged that the board should con-214WYCHWOOD 215sist of three members; one an eminentbiologist (Dr. Henry C. Cowles), one aneminent ornithologist (Dr. Robert Ridg-way) and one a business man (Mr. NobleBrandon Judah). The Donor was retained as Director." Mr. George F.Morse is associate director.In the future, as is now the case, it willbe possible for students to use the facilitiesof Wychwood, both for field study and library work. There is an excellent workinglibrary at the house, and an herbarium containing representatives of all the plants tobe found on the grounds. Every opportunity for experimental work in ecology,especially, is offered by the variations of thecountry, and greenhouses and garden beds make possible experiments in germination of seeds and propagation of wildflowers.In making Wychwood a paradise for thestudent and a sanctuary for birds andflowers, none of the great natural beauty ofthe place has been lost. Roads and pathslead through the woods to places of unexpected loveliness. The preservation ofthis has been as much an object as the development of the sanctuary. "The woods,the virgin forest must never be disturbed;not one brown leaf shall be taken from itsrich covering, not one weak seedling shouldbe denied its growth ; but just as we foundit, in all its natural beauty, so it shouldremain."A Path Among the Trees at WychwoodThe Class of 36By W. F.Secretary ofWITHOUT a doubt the NewPlan at the University of Chicagois attracting a superior group ofstudents. The median score of 219 madeon the American Council PsychologicalExamination by the Class of 1936 wasseventeen points higher* than the Class of'35> and the score of the Class of '35,the first to be admitted under the NewPlan, was in turn seventeen points higherthan any previous class. More than sevenper cent of the current class, or one outof every fourteen students, was valedictorian of his high school graduating class.Over forty per cent ranked in the uppertenth of the graduating class and approximately two-thirds were in the highestquarter. Less than one-eighth ranked inthe lower half. Eight per cent won honorsin interscholastic competitive contests ofeducational achievement while they werein high school.Not only does the Class of '36 rankhigh in scholarship but a glance at theschool activities in which they participatedgives evidence of their leadership ability.One-fourth of the class were members ofone or more interscholastic athletic teamsin the major sports; foot-ball, basket-ball,and track. One-sixth won honors in publicspeaking, debate and dramatics. One-eighth were either Editor-in-Chief orBusiness Manager of the school paper orannual. Nearly one-fifth held importantpositions (president, vice-president, secretary, or treasurer) in school organizations.Twenty-eight and nine-tenths per centwere members of the school honor society,qualifications for which often include notonly scholarship but also outstandingachievement in leadership, service, andcharacter.In all of these activities except membership in the school honor society, the boys* Tabulations of the 1932 examination datanitely its difficulty compared vnth the* 1031 edithat this gain in median score is mostly due to CramerAdmissionsoutnumbered the girls. This is at leastpartially explained by the fact that aboutforty Two- Year Honor Entrance Scholarships were awarded to men only, the mainbasis of award, aside from scholarship,being evidence of leadership ability, whereasnearly all other freshman scholarships areopen to men and women alike.Other facts about the class of 1936 asgleaned from their application blanks aregiven in the following sections of thispaper.SexThe proportion of each sex in the freshman class has not altered under theNew Plan. For the last three years therehave been almost exactly four boys to threegirls. The two sexes seem to be fairlyevenly matched intellectually. Of the 52who were valedictorians, 31 were boys and21 were girls. On the other hand, 39.4 percent of the boys were in the upper tenthof their graduating class and 41.0 percent of the girls. Fourteen and two-tenthsper cent of the boys and 17.9 per cent ofthe girls were in the ninth decile.NumberThe total number of applications receivedfor the class entering in October 1932 wasjust slightly higher than for the previousyear, the numbers being 1,394 and 1,381respectively. The numbers admitted forthe same two years were 1,152 and 1,082.On account of the unusual economic conditions there was considerable speculationregarding the number that would actuallymatriculate. The final count, 724, was alittle greater than last year.AgeThe median age of the class, countingthe age at the birthday nearest October 1,ave not proceeded far enough to determine defi-\on but it has gone far enough to e'stablish the factuperior intelligence of the 1932 class.2x6THE CLASS OF '36 2171932, is just under eighteen years andseven months, approximately the same asfor the previous class. The boys averagealmost exactly one month older than thegirls. Two members of the class, a girland a boy, were fifteen years old. Theyoungest, a girl, was 15 last August. Theoldest in the class is 42. Eighty-four andseven-tenths per cent were 17, 18, or 19years old, and seven per cent were overtwenty.Time Elapsing Between High School andCollegeEighty-four and seven-tenths per cent ofthe class entered less than one year aftergraduating from high school and two andsix-tenths per cent entered more than fouryears after graduation. The latter figureis more than twice as many as in the Classof '35, an indication that some are takingadvantage of a period of unemployment tobetter themselves culturally. The lapseof time between graduation from highschool and entrance into the University isa little greater in the case of the girls thanin the case of the boys. Geographic DistributionThe last few years have seen a gradualbut consistent increase in the number offreshmen coming from outside the Chicagoarea.* The percentages from the Chicagoarea for the last three classes to enter are,consecutively, 75.4, 70.5 and 68.1. During the same three years the percentagescoming from outside the State of Illinoiswere 22.0, 26.3, and 28.6. Three morestates are represented this year than last.Germany, the only foreign country represented this year, furnished one freshman.The accompanying map shows graphicallythe distribution from the country as awhole. The heavy lines separate the UnitedStates into h\t sections corresponding approximately to the territory covered bythe Hive regional accrediting agencies. Thesummaries for these n\t sections for thelast two years are shown in Table I.Sixty-two and seven-tenths per cent ofthe boys and 64.5 per cent of the girlssaid that they expected to live at homewhile attending the University.' One Freshman \yP 482 Freshmen (Chicago Area in Illinois) \SCALE s* This area includes all schools within a radius of approximately thirty miles. It takes in afew schools in Indiana.2l8 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINETable I. Geographic Distribution1931 1932New EnglandMiddle States and MarylandSouthernNorth CentralNorthwest (including California)ForeignTotalTable II. No. % • No. %9 i.3 13 i.815 2.2 23 3-2H 2.0 11 1.5647 93-2 659 91.06 0.9 17 2.43 0.4 1 O.I694 1 00.0 724 100.0Education of ParentsFather MotherUnknown 1.4 2.4Did not graduate from high school 40.6 40.9High School graduate, no collegework 19.8 29.0Attended college but did not graduate 9.8 13-3College Graduate 28.4 14.4The table is read as follows: The education of the fathers of 1.4% of allfreshmen is unknown, etc. 1932Education of ParentsOne of the most striking bits of evidenceshowing that higher education is reachingthe masses in America is the number ofparents with no college education who sendtheir children to college. Table II indicates the amount of schooling receivedby the parents of the 1932 Freshmen.Over 60 per cent of the fathers and 70per cent of the mothers never had aday of college education. Another tabulation shows that 53.7 per cent of the freshmen come from homes in which neitherparent attended college and 25.9 per centmore from homes in which only one parentattended college. This leaves about 20per cent from homes in which both parentsattended college. Of this number only 8.9per cent come from homes in which bothparents graduated from college.Five per cent of the fathers attended theUniversity of Chicago and 4.4 per centwere graduated. The number of motherswas somewhat smaller, 3.7 per cent attending and 2.2 per cent graduating. On firstthought these numbers seem to indicateindifference on the part of alumni but sucha conclusion is not justifiable when it isnoted that more than one-seventh of allfathers who are college graduates are alumni of the University of Chicago.About the same proportion holds true forthe mothers.Size of FamilyThe sociologist will be interested to knowthat over one fifth of the freshmen arefrom "one child" families and 31.4 percent more are from families of only twochildren. Only nine per cent come fromfamilies of five or more children. Thesefigures are almost the same as for last year'sclass. The economic factor is undoubtedlya large contributor to the fact that fewcome from the larger family. A secondcontributing factor is that parents withcollege training (who would be expectedto send their children to college) have fewchildren, but the influence of this latterfactor is discounted somewhat when weconsider the large percentage of parentsthat have no college training whatever..Economic StatusThe young men seem to be financially more independent than the youngwomen. In high school 47.8 per cent ofthe former and 17.6 per cent of the lattercontributed to their own support. In college 3.1 per cent of the men said theyTHE CLASS OF '36 219expected to be fully self-supporting and42.5 per cent said they would have to earna part of their expenses. The corresponding percentages for the women were 2.3and 18.2, respectively.Occupation of Father and VocationalChoice of StudentsIt is always puzzling to know how toclassify occupations in such a way as toprevent overlapping and to bring meaningto the result. It seemed logical in thisanalysis to use the same classifications asare employed in the summaries of theUnited States census. Table III summarizes these data for us.As in former years the business worldfurnished by far the greatest number offreshmen. The professions are a poorsecond. When compared to the total population those engaged in medical servicefurnished a liberal supply of students.Table III. Occupation of Father. The shift in occupation from father tochildren is in general what would be expected when we take into considerationthat a comparatively small number offathers are college graduates whereas nearlyall of the freshmen expect to be. Asusual the students go in for the professions.More of them plan to enter EducationalService than any other field, with Law,Scientific Research and Engineering,Medicine, and Journalism and Writing,ranking high. As was true with last year'sclass, there is a shift from Religious workto Social Service work. The percentagesare practically reversed although the numberof fathers and students is about the samewhen the two fields of service are combined. One hesitates to draw conclusionsand speak of this as a trend with suchsmall numbers involved, and yet the twofields just mentioned are both representedby professional schools within the University.AgricultureManufacturing and Mechanical IndustriesTransportation and CommunicationTrade and BusinessClerical OccupationsExtraction of MineralsPublic Service (All Govt, employees)Domestic and Personal ServiceProfessional Service, totalMedical (Doctors, pharmacists, nurses,etc.)Law (Lawyers, judges, etc.)Religious ServiceScientific Research & EngineeringFine Arts (Music, dancing, painting,dramatics)Journalism and WritingSocial Service (including Y.M.C.A. etc.)Educational Service (teaching, library,museum, translators, etc.)MiscellaneousUnknown and Undecided tional Choice of StudentsFather Student2.9* O.I*22.1 1.13-7 0.336.1 8.02.8 2.31.1 O.I1.8 I.I1.0 0.820.7 64.38.3 IO.I4-3 12.6i.5 0.3^1.0 10.91.2 4.4O.7 9.3O.I 1.23.6 15-40.8 O.O6.9 21.7* These numbers are percentages based on the total number in the class.A Doctor's Glimpse of Soviet RussiaBy Mary G. Schroeder, M.D. '20IN THE spring of 1932, an alluring invitation to the "First American Medical Tour to Soviet Russia" was receivedat the Elgin State Hospital where I work.It came from Compass Tours — the "Official Travel Bureau of the A. M. A. ofVienna."The fact that my oldest daughter wasin Europe for an extended stay made theinvitation doubly attractive. I secured athree months' leave of absence, and joinedthe tour.Our contract called for accommodationsof the second "category." (The Russiansare so desirous of removing class distinctions that they call everything "categories"instead of classes.) First category touristspaid $20.00 a day; second category $10.00and third category $5.00. First and secondcategory traveled "soft," on upholsteredseats, while third category rode "hard" —without any padding.One of the most interesting sights inLeningrad was Pavlov's experimental physiological laboratory. Pavlov, himself, wasin the country with most of his experimental animals. The few dogs remainingin the laboratory seemed well cared for andquite friendly. One with a biliary fistula,reached out his paw to shake hands with meas I passed his cage. Pavlov's assistant, Dr.Peter Kupalov, left in charge of the laboratory, was very friendly and obliging in showing us around. He said he knew Professors Carlson and Lashley and sent greetingsto them. He showed us how eagerly thedog above referred to, lapped up all thebile in the basin just as if it were the mostappetizing drink he had ever tasted.The home-made, lead-lined chamberswhere physiological experiments are conducted, were very interesting. The reactions of the experimental animal are observed through a periscope. Recently Pavlov has been interested in experiments onsleep-production and at that time had kepta dog asleep for three months continuouslyby cutting off all afferent nerves to the brain. He must have been one of the dogson vacation for we did not see him.The non-medical members of the groupspent most of their time visiting art galleries,palaces and museums, while we were at thehospitals. Occasionally we joined one ofthese trips. Everywhere there were crowdsof adults and children making visits to thevarious buildings, usually in charge of youngwomen guides similar to those who conducted us. Though the clothing of thesevisitors was worn and soiled, the peoplewere orderly and interested and apparentlyvery anxious to learn.Educational posters which one might callpropaganda, are placed everywhere, or arebeing prepared for placement. In St. Isaac'sCathedral, Leningrad, there are many largeand beautiful paintings by the old masters,telling the Biblical stories of creation, etc.Beside them are modern posters telling thesame story but from a scientific standpoint. The latest results in paleontology,ethnology, etc. are shown in drawingsand described in words which can beunderstood by children and unletteredadults. Soviet Russia, though suspicious ofreligion, and clinging to Lenin's oft quoted"Religion is the opiate of the people" hasgreat faith in science. The attempt ismade everywhere to instruct the masses inthe most direct and graphic manner possible.One disagreeable feature of our trip wasnoise. Russian crowds seem to pay noattention to traffic but dart across streetswithout warning. To prevent accidents,our chauffeurs blew their horns almost constantly. Street cars clanged their bells;carpenters and masons plied their trades asmerrily at 2 a.m. as in broad daylight.Since Russian work is planned on a twenty-four hour basis, usually in three shifts —for very hard work in four shifts — it waspractically impossible to find a quiet spot.Everywhere we went we found great attention paid to the needs of children. Wewere told that if a child complains to theauthorities that his parents have been un-220A DOCTOR'S GLIMPSE OF SOVIET RUSSIA 221kind, he may be given to someone else toraise. Corporal punishment is against thelaw but all the children we saw seemedwell-behaved.About twenty miles outside of Leningradis the Children's Village, a place whereundernourished children are taken forperiods of from five to ten weeks to gainhealth. A young woman physician is incharge with nurses and teachers under her.The children live in cottages, dress verysimply in shorts and sandals only; eat out-of-doors and play and work there. Theirheads are shaved close, making it impossibleto distinguish boys from girls.In a suburb of Moscow, we found a veryfine orthopedic clinic in charge of Dr.Rollier, a sister-in-law of the Dr. Rollierof Switzerland. A nobleman's villa hasbeen converted into a home for crippledchildren. We found perhaps forty of themin beds on the uncovered roof of a wing ofthe villa. Dr. Krasnaboef, the director ofthis work, met us there and' showed us thephotographs of some of the children whenthey arrived, and the excellent resultsachieved there in removing humps fromlittle backs — straightening bow-legs, etc.He gave most of the credit for these resultsto Dr. Rollier and her staff of nurses andteachers. The children are given sunlighttreatment whenever it is available even ifthe thermometer is below zero. Except inextreme cases the only other treatmentgiven consists of rest and fixation of the affected part.Outside of Kharkov, the government hasestablished a vacation camp for undernourished children. The street cars carry 850children about ten miles out of the cityevery morning at eight, and return them atthe same time in the evening. The childrenget four meals a day and remain only fiveweeks unless their health demands a longerresidence. There are teachers of schoolsubjects, gymnastics, etc. All are in chargeof a friendly physician. Shower baths forboth sexes, cots for sun-bathing, other cotsfor the after-dinner "dead-hour" were partof the equipment, out in a beautiful pinegrove.Soon after our arrival, a heavy shower threatened. The children, dressed like thosewe had seen in the Children's Village butolder, probably about eight to fourteen yearsof age, came scurrying from all directions.It was almost time for their afternoon mealso they went to the pavilion where theirmeals are served while we had tea iri asummerhouse connected with the director'soffice.Later, as we were returning to the cars,we saw the children helping clear away theremains of the meal. To simplify the feeding of this large group, a conveyor has beeninstalled which holds 850 trays.Outside of Kiev, we visited a children'stuberculosis sanatorium — a very attractiveplace — having 150 beds with another 150almost ready to be occupied. After supper,the girls and boys donned their gymnasiumsuits and performed some very interestingcalisthenics for us, finishing with a gameresembling blindman's buff.Another favorable feature of Russianlife is its attitude toward women, who areaccepted as comrades and given practicallyequal status with men. A woman physicianis in charge of the eleven first aid stationsin a factory near Kharkov which employs22,500 workmen. All employees have athorough mental and physical examinationevery six months, the results of which arerecorded on so-called health passports keptat a central office.The Russians are also attempting to doaway with race prejudice, according thesame consideration to people with dark skinsas to the most orthodox Russian. In fact,the Russians seem to approach all life in ascientific spirit — in a truly experimentalfashion. They are willing to try anythingonce; to say frankly, if it fails, "we havemade a mistake and must try some othermethod." The magnitude of the experiment, the scientific spirit in which it isbeing conducted, its purpose of establishinga whole society upon the ideal of socialjustice where "none shall have cake untilall have bread," have made me willing toforget the dirt, the inefficiency, the noise,even the terrible sacrifice of life which ithas cost.Kathryn O'Loughlin, CongresswomanS1(HE'S honest, shrewd, upright andoutright" a friend characterized MissKathryn O'Loughlin, Congress-woman from Kansas, who recently took herseat in the House of Representatives asthe first woman to represent her state inCongress.Miss O'Loughlin studied in Topeka,Kansas, before coming to the University,where she receivedher J.D. degree in1920. She wasPresident of KappaBeta Pi, the legalhonorary sorority,while in Chicago.The practice of lawin Chicago and inKansas then gaveher the training thatespecially qualifiedher for the place shewon in the KansasHouse of Representatives in 1930.The IllinoisLeague of WomenVoters has reason toremember her services in the conducting of legislativecampaigns while shewas in Chicago.The new Con-gresswoman's chief interest lies with thewelfare of the farmers of her state. Sometime before she considered running for office she wrote a friend "Just now I amthinking of the farmers; after several yearsof crop failures they spent their last dollarto seed the ground and play the game oncemore. They had a bumper crop and theirhopes were high; but here they are withthousands of dollars invested and the bottom knocked out of wheat prices because ofthe impossibility of getting cars to haultheir grain to market. It is all a game ofchance. Sometimes the fates, the weather man, and the board of trade play into yourhand, then again they all combine to defeat you."Miss O'Loughlin knows whereof shespeaks, too, because she grew up on aKansas ranch. Her father is a landownerin the State, and she has first hand knowledge of the farm situation.In her campaign last fall she travelledall over the state,driving her own car,speaking at meetings, and meetingthe men candidateson their own terms.The farmers electedher and she intendsto stand by them.When in Chicagoa short time ago ona flying visit shetold interviewers,"Agriculture — that'smy prime interest.We have had 2,800Kansas farms soldfor taxes during thelast six years. Thefarmers have borrowed up to thelimit of their credit.I want to try for aplace on the agricultural committee, todo what I can about it."To me it seems inflation is the onlything that can help the farmers — thequickest way to get some money into theirhands and let them get rid of some oftheir surplus stocks. My father is one ofthe largest taxpayers in Ellis County. I wasraised on a farm, and I know at first handhow desperate the situation is out there.Tall, slender, bobbed-haired, intent onher job and qualified to do it, KathrynO'Loughlin will represent the people ofKansas. And she will also represent theUniversity of Chicago.The Junior Senator from IdahoBy R. C. Fulbright, J.D. '09THE Democratic tidal wave of November, 1932, washed one of the U.of C. law class of 1909 into theUnited States Senate. As a fellow classmate and former bedfellow of the Honorable James Pinckney Pope of Idaho, I havebeen requested to submit a brief but intimate biographical sketch of the subject.First of all let it be said that the democracy of Senator Popedid not originatewith the recent upheaval. Many ofhis fellow classmatesof '09 will recallthat in his schooldays it was easy tostart an argumentwith Pope by making any critical remark concerning theDemocratic party orits principles. Coming from an oldSouthern family hewas not only traditionally a Democrat, but constitutionally so, and whenhe went out to settlein the Republicanstrongholds of Idahohe went as a missionary to the heathenpreaching his Democratic doctrines from the beginning until now.James Pinckney Pope was born on a cotton farm in Jackson Parish, Louisiana,March 31, 1884, where his father andmother still reside. As Bill Nye said aboutBenjamin Franklin, Pope's parents camevery near being childless. If thirteen happyfaces had not come to grace their homethey would have been childless. JamesPinckney was the eldest of the thirteenchildren and when he was about sixteenjears of age they ran him away from hometo make room for the younger brothersSenator Popeand sisters. This was the best thing thatever happened to Pinckney.Pope entered Louisiana Polytechnic Institute at Ruston, Louisiana, where he spentfour years, graduating from that Institution in February, 1906. He distinguishedhimself both in athletics and scholarship,having played tackle on the football teamfor three years and being captain of the teamthe last year, andalso won the medalfor scholarship during two of the fouryears he spent inthis Institution. Inaddition to this heserved on the collegedebating teams andrepresented it in oratorical contests.In February,1906, he entered theUniversity of Chicago for the purposeof taking his law degree. In additionto his law work hedid some work inEnglish and History and was a member of The Stump.In 1908 he madethe U. of C. debating team and wascaptain of the teamwhich debated Michigan. He was a member of the Delta Chi Fraternity and theJames P. Hall Law Club.Pope worked his way through law schoolat the University of Chicago and not onlyfound enough miscellaneous jobs to payhis expenses but gradually accumulated alittle cash until at the time of his graduation he found himself seventy dollars ahead.This was more money than he had everhad in his life and he decided that he hadbest enjoy his affluence by going forth tosee the world. Whereupon he took a trip223224 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEto Europe, getting his passage across on acattle ship and coursing through the oldworld on a second-hand bicycle. He found,however, that even so large a sum as seventydollars could finally be exhausted and whenhe did get back to the port of Boston hewas penniless. He had carried with himas a part of his worldly treasure threemedals which he had won as an undergraduate and by hocking these at a pawnshop together with a cheap watch of whichhe was also the proud possessor, he managedto raise enough money to get back to Chicago. In Chicago he worked a few weeksand raised enough money to start out forthe West where he landed in Boise in October, 1909, this being as far West as hispersonal fortune would permit himto go.Boise was a very beautiful little capitalcity and Pope decided that he would makethis his home. He took the State barexamination and on January 1, 19 10, wentinto partnership with E. P. Barnes, J.D.'08, which connection was maintained untilMr. Barnes became an assistant attorneygeneral in 1913.It has been previously stated that Popedid not confine his entire attention to thestudy of law while he was in the U. of C.The first year he was in school he becameacquainted with one of the university coeds, Miss Pauline Horn of the class of '07.In June, 1913, he returned to Chicago toclaim Miss Horn for his bride, since whichtime they have resided in Boise and theynow have two sons, Ross, age 18, andGeorge, age 13.In 19 16 Pope was appointed City Attorney for Boise and in 191 7 he became anAssistant Attorney General of Idaho.He has been a delegate to each of the National Democratic Conventions since1916 and in 1929 he was elected Mayorof Boise. For a number of years Boise hasbeen strongly Republican but Pope receivedthe support of the business interests of thecity irrespective of party and so successfulwas he that when he came up for re-electionhe had very little opposition.Because of his prominence in the partyin the State, Pope was importuned by numerous friends throughout the State, late in1 93 1 to become a candidate for the Democratic nomination to the United StatesSenate. At the primaries in May, 1932,he received almost twice as many votes ashis nearest competitor.In the Fall campaign Pope was pittedagainst Senator John Thomas of Idaho,and the distinguished and able SenatorBorah campaigned throughout the Statein behalf of Senator Thomas, as a resultof which it was generally predicted thatPope would be defeated. But Pope did notgive up; on the contrary he conducted avigorous campaign in almost every sectionof the State, and when the votes werecounted in November, it was found thathe had carried forty of the forty-four counties of the State, winning by approximately25,000 majority.His victory was the cause of great jubilation among the host of his personal friendsthroughout the State, and among his admirers was an old physician of Roberts,Idaho, who, like Pope, having battled longand mostly in vain for the Democratic party,gave vent to his joy in the following message to Pope:"Moses gone, Watson gone, Smoot goneand Thomas gone, are we happy and how.My cup of happiness is full to overflowing, take me Lord, I have seen it all."Fortieth Annual ReunionJune 8, 9, and 10 will see the greatest Reunion the alumni have everenjoyed. All the traditional events and some new ones will be on the program to help celebrate our survival of the moratorium, the City of Chicago'sCentury of Progress, and the University's Fortieth reunion of its alumni.This reunion will be too good to miss.An Alumnus in the CabinetWHEN President-elect Rooseveltannounced his cabinet appointments, his selection of a formerBull Moose leader for Secretary of the Interior was greeted by low grumblings fromthe leaders of the Democratic party in Illinois, who had been completely ignored inthis appointment, but these sectional protests were soondrowned out by thevocal approbation ofthe progressive elements of both majorparties from allparts of the country.In the elevationof Harold L. Ickesto an importantcabinet post, Mr.Roosevelt has bestowed a timely recognition upon theprogressive wing ofthe Republicanparty. The appointment was anobvious reward tothose millions ofRepublican bolterswhose votes provedsuch a determiningfactor in the Roosevelt victory of November, and was made, admittedly, uponthe recommendation of Senators Johnsonof California and Cutting of New Mexicoafter they had both rejected invitations tojoin the cabinet.Born on a Pennsylvania farm March 15,1874, Ickes migrated to Chicago in time toget an education in the local public schools,graduating from the Englewood HighSchool in 1893, and entering the University of Chicago as a freshman in the secondyear of the University's history. For fouryears he was active in the undergraduatelife of the campus, where we find him anofficer in the Junior Colleges, a member ofthe University's debating team, a compet itor in the tennis tournaments, and aneditor of the University of Chicago Weekly.He early showed his ability as an administrator and organizer, serving for three yearsas manager of the Varsity Tennis Teamand organizing and directing the tournaments of the Interscholastic Tennis Association. For four years he strove to makethe Varsity TrackTeam. He hadselected the one milewalk as his specialfield of endeavor,and, if reports maybe credited, hewalked unnumberedmiles in that stiff-legged style affectedby the experts beforehe made the team inhis senior year, negotiating a mile onthe old MarshallField track in timethat had best be unrecorded.Throughout hisundergraduate dayswe find him activelyinterested in political affairs, serving assecretary and lateras president of theUniversity Republican Club, and acting asits delegate to the American RepublicanCollege League Convention in 1896. Hewas one of the founders of the 'local chapter of the Phi Delta Theta fraternity.Graduating from the College in 1897, withthe degree of A.B., he went into newspaperwork, with politics as an avocation. Forseven years he majored in newspaper reporting and minored in municipal reform,and then entered the University of ChicagoLaw School in the fall of 1904. He tooktime out in 1905 to run the mayoraltycampaign of John M. Harlan, butgraduated with honors with the law classof 1907.225226 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEEntering upon the practice of law in Chicago he still found time to devote muchof his effort to reform movements in themunicipal field. In 191 1 he managed themayoralty campaign of Professor CharlesE. Merriam, and the following year became chairman of the Cook County Committee of the Progressive Party. He wasone of the most ardent and active supportersof Theodore Roosevelt for President on theBull Moose ticket.Following the defeat of Roosevelt, Ickesbecame the leader of the Progressive Partyin Illinois, where he was chairman of theState Central Committee until 19 16, when,together with many another progressive, heentered whole-heartedly into the campaignof Charles E. Hughes for President, serving as a member of the National ExecutiveCommittee.During the War he served as a Y. M.C. A. worker with the 35th Division inFrance, but by 1924, he was again active inthe political field as Manager of the HiramW. Johnson presidential campaign, and in 1926, directed Hugh Magill's campaign asIndependent Republican candidate for theUnited States Senate. One year ago hecame out against President Hoover's re-nomination on the ground that "not oneRepublican voter in ten wants him." Ickes'candidate was Gifford Pinchot, and afterHerbert Hoover's nomination, he becamean avowed supporter of Franklin Roosevelt, entering upon his first successful campaign of any major importance.Secretary Ickes was married in 191 1 toAnna Wilmarth, a former classmate at theUniversity and for many years they, withtheir three sons and a daughter have madetheir home on a beautiful estate in Winnetka, where Mr. Ickes has made a hobbyof dahlia culture. Mrs. Ickes is as interestedas her husband in politics and has represented her district for the past three termsin the Illinois legislature as a regular Republican.A son, Rayropnd Ickes, is now a sophomore at the University, and a member ofthe polo and swimming teams.Class ReunionsFive Year Reunion Classes for 1933 are:1893, 1898, 1903, 1908, 1913, 1918, 1923and 1928Military TrainingBy Lawrence J. MacGregor, '16CRESCAT Scientia, Vita Excolatur."Thus the motto, and on pages 326to 332 of the "Announcements inArts, Literature, and Science" for the sessions of 1932-33, the facts about the Department of Military Science and Tactics:"It is maintained by the joint efforts ofthe University of Chicago and the UnitedStates Government. Students may simultaneously and without interference withthe normal pursuance of their general orprofessional courses prepare themselves forcommissions in the Officers' Reserve Corpsof the United States Army. Normally thecourse offered in the Field Artillery Unitof the Department covers the undergraduate years."This introductory statement, and the"Salient Features" which follow, as wellas the courses of instruction offered, haveafforded me the occasion for considerablethought. Perhaps it is a mistake to accepttoo literally the words of the Universitymotto, and in any event Reconnaissance andMinor Tactics, Field Fortifications1: andConduct of Fire may be correctly designatedas scientific subjects. I was actively interested to see, however, that students in theAdvanced Course receive from the Government a money commutation of subsistenceamounting at present to about $100.00 ayear. "Each advanced student is given atailor-made uniform of regulation officers'type."My first reaction was to seize upon theitem as an indication of governmental expense which could be referred to the National Economy League, to Congress, tothe Director of the Budget, or what youwill, with an insistent demand that suchthings must not be allowed to continue,income tax rates being what they are. Economy is the keynote of the day, the expenseof government must be reduced — all thecurrent prayers for relief from taxationsprang to my mind. The more I thinkabout it, though, the surer I am that theproblem goes considerably deeper than that. What right has the University ofChicago to have any Department of Military Science and Tactics? The immediate answer is that the University has theright to any department it may care toestablish, and there are undoubtedly certainparagraphs in the by-laws of the corporation which clearly give it the necessaryauthority. From the standpoint of administrative and legal soundness one couldhardly argue the slightest objection to theDepartment as it stands.As far as tradition is concerned, the caseis by no means so clear. When "the Executive Board of the American Baptist Education Society on the evening of December 3, 1888 adopted a plan to establish acollege, ultimately a university" at Chicago,I very much doubt if their dream for thefuture included the founding of a department which would give instruction in Tactical Employment of Field Artillery, Organization of an Army, Tactics and Technique of the Separate Branches. I question whether that Board was thinking ofGunnery and Hippology when it wrote:"In founding the new institution the Boardhas had three objects in view as to its character and conduct. These objects havebeen constantly before the minds of thesecretaries, have been everywhere presentedby them in the same terms, and are perfectlyunderstood by all the subscribers to thefund. The new University is to be aChristian institution. It is to be foreverunder the auspices of the Baptist denomination. It is to be conducted in a spirit ofthe widest liberality, seeking thus to deserve the sympathy and cooperation of allpublic-spirited men, and inviting to its hallsthe largest possible number of studentsfrom every class of the community that itmay give to them a true Christian culture."For reasons known to those who are interested, it has seemed wise to eliminate thefactor of control by the Baptist denomination. If there has been any decision ofrecord which would outmode the other two227228 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEpoints as well, it has not yet come to myattention.Bringing the tradition down somewhatnearer to the present day, it may be usefulto think for a moment about the businessof a university as President Burton saw it.In his address to the Chicago Associationof Commerce on that subject, he said:"These, then, are to my thought at leastthe outstanding elements of the businessof a university; discovery in every possiblerealm of human knowledge, the useless anduseful, fundamental and specifically practical; the dissemination of knowledge bywhich the largest possible number of people may avail themselves of it ; the trainingof men for service; and the developmentof personalities capable of the largest possible participation in life and of the largestpossible contribution to life." If there isany occasion to be facetious it is possibleto believe that "Selection, judging and careof horses," "Prevention and treatment ofsickness and injury," "Ceremonies, drivingartillery teams and cross-country riding"are acceptable because of the inclusion ofthe word "useless" in President Burton'ssummary.But even though the Department mayqualify from the standpoint of legality andtradition, there is presumably some moraljustification for everything the Universityundertakes. The justification may be moreimmediately apparent in some situationsthan in others, but remember if you willthat the University Chapel is deliberatelythe dominating feature of the University'sarchitectural scheme. Remember that aslong as the Chapel remains — "we shall notwant an eloquent expounder of what, if itbe not religion, is nobler than religion itself." Remember that in an address at thededication of the chapel it was said "Thisbuilding — shall for all time serve to remindthose who sojourn here that the spirit ofreligion does penetrate and control the University and that all its departments areinspired by the religious feeling and all itswork directed to the highest ends." "Thou shalt not kill" and "Thou shalt love thyneighbor as thyself" are commands whicheven yet carry some weight in certain socialgroups.But I am not inclined to carry the foregoing arguments too far. I would ratheraccept the fact and ask a few questions asto the conduct of the Department, In thefirst place, is it conducted on a truly scientific plane? Are the processes carried totheir logical conclusions, or is the instruction thorough to a certain point and nilfrom that point on? Specifically do thestudents in the Department have any opportunity to learn what happens in thecarrying out of Military Tactics and Gunnery? Do they know what it is to wearthe same clothes for three months at a time,with one canteen of water or less a dayfor all purposes, and every seam swarmingwith lice? Do they learn any good jokesto tell a man who is going on the operating table after High Explosives have shattered both his legs? Do they find out howto reestablish the homes torn apart by theirgun-fire? What are they taught is theproper etiquette to observe when three menin one's squad are lying in an adjoiningshell hole screaming with pain after a rainof gas shells? What section of the courseoutlines the remarks to be made upon seeing one's best friend dying with a row ofmachine gun bullets across his abdomen?As for a scientific, forward looking pointof view have the instructors in the courseon "selection, judging and care of horses,""mounted games," ever heard of a processcalled "mechanization"?Dusk is settling over the quadrangles.In the stables the artillery horses whinnyeagerly as the class in "stable detail" measures out the oats for the evening meal. TheChapel carillon is playing variations of anEpiphany carol — a benediction at the closeof day. A student, clad in "the tailor-madeuniform of officers' type" meticulously stepsto one side to avoid treading on the seal inthe floor below Mitchell Tower. "Crescat Scientia, Vita Excolatur."in in v opinionBy Fred B. Millett, Ph.D., '31Associate Professor of EnglishCERTAINLY one of the airiest illusions entertained by the laity concerning pedagogues is that they always have plenty of time to read. When Iturn a critical eye upon my own readinghabits, I am horrified by the minute amountof reading I accomplish. If I had beensystematic enough to keep a record of myreading, I am sure that I should find thatthe amount of it has declined steadily froma high point in boyhood over a long plateauin high school and college through a slowsteady descent since I began teaching.In fact, though one of my sturdiest fantasies is that of reading the world's longestnovels during the endless winter eveningsof a retirement in New England, it is almost certain that my boyhood will proveto be a lost elysium of uninterrupted reading. Then, I read at every opportunity,while dressing and undressing, in bed,(though I was given to understand thatreading in bed was somehow subtly immoral), at the table, unless sternly admonished, and so far into dimming twilightsas to provoke from a non-reading familythe recurrent refrain, "You'll ruin youreyes." But, thanks perhaps to generationsof healthy non-reading ancestors, my eyesare still more than equal to the little reading possible in that narrow margin of leisure left from teaching, writing, committee-meetings, and what a weary dean has calledthe "exposure hazard" of formal and informal counselling.And of these meager hours, thus seizedand treasured, most must be devoted toreading of a professional and utilitariannature. In this respect, I envy the colleague who is able to boast that he readsalmost all the "literature" that appearson the Gospel of St. John. Of one whosuffers from a curiosity that embraces theRenaissance and contemporary British and American literature, professional/ readingmight well occupy all the waking life.But, since such an exclusive devotion toliterature and scholarship is out of thequestion in the complex administrative, intellectual, and social life of a modern university, almost every scrap of reading I domust be strictly utilitarian in character.For instance, I should never have foundtime to read John Dos Passos' ManhattanTransfer, despite my interest in the bookon its first appearance, if I had not beencalled on to make a few remarks on thatobstreperous radical's literary output. Thus,to meet the demands of the lecture-platform,it was not unprofitable to discoverthat Dos Passos' attempt to re-create thechaotic and disillusioning life of a modernmetropolis was not unsuccessful, that hisexperimentation with various structural andstylistic devices went considerable distancein concealing the basic conventionality ofhis material and his thought, and that thestyle itself has something of the effectiveness and all of the subtlety of a steel-riveter.Personally, it was not unprofitable to conclude that, unless another professional crisisshould arise, I shall never resort, in myquest for aesthetic pleasure, to either theearlier or the later works of this conscientious) communist. (Incidentally, SinclairLewis' appraisal of Manhattan Transfer asgreater than any work by Proust or Joyce,is not merely a low grade for Dos Passos,but an F for Lewis, for no man who emitsa critical judgment as preposterous as thatwill ever write a novel that I shall takepleasure in reading.)Similarly, although the cognoscenti haveassured me that one should not miss thecollected or the uncollected writings of KayBoyle, I should certainly have deferred mymeeting that brilliant young woman, hadnot professional necessity driven me to pe-229230 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEruse her second novel, Year before Last.This experience was profitable, both professionally and personally. For I emergedfrom it with the sense that, at least untilfuture indiscretions change my judgment,I shall want to find time to read almosteverything that comes from her typewriter.To be sure, I harbor the suspicion thatMiss Boyle is a novelist who treats insignificant matters with a stylistic brilliance that gives them a factitious value.Even her style strains sometimes rathertryingly toward freshness and unconventionally, and the implication that the threecharacters to whom she devotes this bookare worthy of such treatment is one thatit is easier for the author than for thereader to make. The rather conventionallytemperamental young author and editor,dying picturesquely of tuberculosis, seemshardly deserving of his author's, his mistress's, or his aunt's adoration and self-sacrifice. The aunt, indeed, is this book'striumph in characterization; hard, witty,competent, moved to cruelty and deceptionby her frustrated love for her nephew, shereceives less attention from Miss Boylethan the young lovers, but wins most fromthe reader.Frankly, the most exciting bit of professional reading I have done recently isProfessor J. Q. Adams' brilliant edition ofHamlet. One might have thought thatthere was nothing new to say concerningthe most debated personality in all dramaticliterature. But Adams' loving study ofthis play has yielded rich fruits. His interpretation of Hamlet is of the psychopathic variety, but it escapes the excessivelysubjective interpretations of the Freudians.He is able to give chapter and verse fromElizabethan and modern works on abnormal psychology to prove that Hamletis a dramatic study of melancholia, and hisevidence from the play is remarkably persuasive. But it is not merely Adams' interpretation of Hamlet that makes hisedition important alike for layman and academic. His observations on the effectiveness and significance of every scene andcharacter are always provocative, if notalways convincing. For instance, Horatio certainly does not deserve Adams' epithets,"phlegmatic and thick-skinned," and Laertes at least in his earlier manifestationsis hardly the vicious fop Adams sees in him.On the border-line between professionaland personal reading come the literarygifts and loans of thoughtful and well-meaning friends. For even here, in themidst of one's sincere appreciation andgratitude, one feels that touch of responsibility that is involved in the acceptance ofany favor. But once the books are one'sown, he feels free to postpone reading themuntil that mythical period of convalescencewhen every one hopes to catch up on hisreading and correspondence. There is,however, time enough to give oneself thepleasure of contemplating the beauty thatis becoming more and more conspicuous inmodern gift-books.Of books of this sort, one of the mostwidely publicized is Colonel Lawrence'sprose translation of the Odyssey, designedby one of the most famous of Americanprinters, Bruce Rogers, and publishedby the American branch of the OxfordUniversity Press. I have not seen thelimited English or the limited Americanedition of this book, but the American tradeedition is something of a disappointment.The cover of heavy dull blue buckram isas handsome as it is durable, the paperis strong, white, and opaque, but the type,while clear and beautiful, is, for my taste,distinctly too large for reading comfort orbeauty of page-composition. A more elaborate piece of modern fine printing is thelimited edition of Llewelyn Powys' Nowthat the Gods are Dead, with wood-engravings by Lynd Ward (Equinox Cooperative Press). From its rough blue-stripped cloth cover to its author's andartist's signatures, the book is a completelysatisfying unit. Ward has been eminentlysuccessful in suggesting the cosmic qualityof Powys' vision and the primitive natureof his creed of sensuality. But one wonderswhether so slight an essay and one so distinctly reminiscent of the author's Impassioned Clay deserved such highly individualtreatment.(Continued on page 236)NEWS OF THEQUADRANGLESBy John P. Howe '27WITH no waving of wands, withsomething of that assurance inprediction which has been the goalof the social sciences, Professor WilliamF. Ogburn, America's leading social statistician, undertakes to forecast the futureof the United States. His predictions arebased on a lifetime of study and observation, particularly on his work during thepast three years as director of research forthe Hoover Committee on Social Trends.This latter task, now completed, has beenso absorbing as to render him, hitherto, inconspicuous in the more obvious news ofthe quadrangles. Here are some of hisforecasts :The population of the United States willincrease less rapidly than heretofore, andwill become stationary, for a time at least,at a figure of about 168 or 170 millions,shortly after the middle of the century.The proportion of older people in thepopulation, now increasing rapidly, willbring social problems in the care of theaged. The expectancy of life, now increased to 58 years, will increase stillfurther.The proportion of children in the population is diminishing, and this, togetherwith a greater wealth in the nation, willmean increasing care of children. Thenumber of children in the elementarygrades is decreasing, but the number ofhigh school and college students will increase, perhaps beyond the white collar jobsavailable.Divorce is tending to increase, so thatvery probably more than one in five marriages will end in divorce. Marriage itself,however, is increasing, and there will be alarger proportion of married persons inthe population than at present. More andmore married women may be expected towork for pay outside the home.The decreasing size of families will in crease the extent of "nervousness" in thepopulation, as also the percentage of genius.Mental disorders are likely to increase fora time.The standard of living will increase, andperhaps in the lives of our children povertywill become very rare. Social insurancefor old age, sickness and unemploymentwill probably be adopted in some form orother.Communication inventions are breakingdown the isolation of rural regions and thefarmer is becoming more like the citydweller. These inventions, in turn, particularly the automobile and the telephone,are scattering the city, which is becomingovershadowed by a new unit, neither city,county nor state, namely the metropolitanregion.The farmer who now feeds 18 personswill feed still more in the future, so thatmore farmers will move to the metropolitan areas. Agriculture will becomeincreasingly mechanized, and power insmall units will be increasingly found onthe farm.Machines will increasingly do the workof men in mines, farms and factories, andthe men thus replaced will find places inoffices, the professions, the government, andforms of personal service. The proportionof workers engaged in the direct transformation of raw materials into useful tangible goods will decline in favor of theproportion engaged in rendering intangibleservices.The activities of government are tending to increase, through good times andbad. The efficiency movement will spreadgreatly in government and industry. Representation in government is growing somewhat farther from the democratic ideal ofa simpler society, and occupational andspecial interest representation will becomemore and more effective.231232 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEMore time and money will be spent inrecreation.No decrease in crime is in sight.Negroes will develop a greater esprit decorps as a class.Inventions will continue to multiply atan increasing rate. We are not in a periodof transition, since more and more changeis to be expected. Social invention mustbe speeded, since social adjustment lags farbehind mechanical and industrial change.No haven of rest is in sight for the conservatives, but no cataclysmic social upheavals need be anticipated.*****The Associated Press asked ProfessorOgburn to list the ten greatest problemsfacing the nation. Here is what he wrote :"I have been asked to select the tenmost important problems before the American people. From the hundreds set forthby the President's Research Committee, andfrom a lifetime of study and observation,I have picked out these ten. If I had beenallowed to choose a dozen or a score thelist would have included some which thereader may note as conspicuous by theirabsence. I have tried to be guided by asense of what is practicable for the nearfuture. These will, I hope, serve to directattention to the manifold agencies whichdetermine our public policies toward themost severe stresses of the future, as well astoward the opportunities for directing oursteps forward.I. The Standard of Life. A large proportion of the human race would place thetask of getting more of the good things oflife as their greatest problem. The issueduring the next five years will be to prevent a lowering of the plane of life, andto maintain life itself for the millions ofunemployed whose living standard hasfallen as from a precipice. Later the problem will be to raise the standard, which forany practical future cannot be done veryrapidly. Policies must be formulated concerning economic organization, natural resources, education, technological development and the distribution of wealth.2. Public Policy and Happiness. Perhaps an equally large proportion of hu manity would place the goal of happinessas their most cherished desire. So little isknown about this elusive state of beingthat suspicion will be raised that the writerdwells in an idealistic dreamland. Butpolicies of the future may yet place thissearch in the realm of the practical. Theproblem of family relationships, betweenhusbands and wives, between parents andchildren, is the most important. The development of a widespread program ofmental hygiene will bring more of us closerto happiness.3. The Personalities of Children . Weare what we are largely because of the influences of our early childhood, and notbecause of heredity, except within broadlimits. Whether we shall be happy, well-adjusted, make good mates, successfulparents, depends largely on how we arebrought up. Parent education, the reorganization of schools in the line of progressive education, and proper group lifeare policies to be pursued.4. Cultural Lags. Technology, invention and applied science go forward muchfaster than our social organizations, ideologies, laws, customs and habits. Machines killed millions before accidentprevention and workmen's compensationwere adopted. The family has not yetadapted itself to factory and city. Mostof our social problems are due to these lags,and the promise of the future lies in thespeeding up of social invention.5. Business Depressions . Hard timesfollowing boom times effect unemployment*bankruptcy, suicide, marriage, divorce,church membership, education, recreation,death rates, birth rates, crime and manyother social conditions. Smoothing out thebusiness cycle would be of incalculable benefit to mankind. Policy makers should direct attenton to equalizing the rates of flowof credit and of production and consumption.6. The Relations of Industry andGovernment . The regulation of a largesphere of human affairs has been passingfrom two great institutions, the family andthe church, to two other expanding organizations, industry and the state. An out-NEWS OF THE QUADRANGLES 233standing problem of the remainder of thiscentury is what shall be the relationshipof government and industry. Communismand fascism are not the only possibilities.Questions of property and the distributionof wealth are taking new forms.7. The Public Business. The role ofgovernment, whether we like it or not, hasbeen growing through hard times and good.Its services for the citizens of our democracy are many and varied. It not onlyprotects us with armies and police, but itgives us education, recreation, and at timeshouses and feeds us. How efficiently thegovernment runs its business is of immenseimportance not to the taxpayer alone, butto everyone.8. The Strains of Life. One in twentyof boys and girls of high school age areplaced in an insane asylum some time in thecourse of their lives in the two states forwhich we have figures. Sixteen majorcrimes are committed each year per 1000 inour urban population. Certain parts ofour society are the foci of stresses. Reorganization of these could lead to a muchbetter adjustment between biological manand his society. One way is through thebetter use of leisure time.9. Illness and Health. The average expectancy of life is now 58 years, as compared with 35 years in 1800. It should bepossible to reach three score and ten. Theproblem is not only to conquer cancer, malaria, venereal diseases, tuberculosis, influenza, kidney and heart diseases, but tobring more vigorous positive health. Thenumber of indoor occupations involvingsedentary habits is steadily increasing.10. Optimum Population. For the firsttime in history the number of people issubject to control. Numbers affect markets, wages, labor supply, wars, real estatevalues, education expenses. Distributionis another population problem. Thequality of population is as important asthe quantity. Shall the population of thefuture come more largely from defectivestock or from the superior individuals?The United States should have a wellthought out policy with regard to thesethings.& ***** Two chapters in the epic of human advance during a span of nearly four thousand years, from the remote Stone Age tothe magnificence of Cyrus the Great, havebeen dramatically revealed by discoveries ofthe Persian Expedition of the University'sOriental Institute. The new finds havejust been reported to Dr. Breasted by Dr.Ernst Herzfeld, field director of the expedition.At Persepolis, the Versailles of ancientPersia, the Institute expedition has discovered some of the most magnificentsculptures ever uncovered by archeology.Within two miles of the ruins of the ancient palaces, to which Alexander the Greatin 330 B.C. set the torch during a drunkendebauch, Dr. Herzfeld has found a StoneAge village of approximately 4000 B.C. ina state of preservation surpassing any suchdiscovery heretofore made."The discovery at Persepolis is one ofthe greatest and most important in the history of archeological research," Dr. Breastedsays. "It not only far surpasses anyarcheological disclosure ever made in thehistory of such research in Persia, but therehas never been any discovery like it anywhere in Western Asia since archeologicalexcavation began there almost a centuryago."Dr. Herzfeld has uncovered a series ofwall sculptures which, if set together,would form a vast panel of reliefs five orsix feet in height and almost a thousand feetin length. The carvings include a seriesof historical inscriptions of the greatest historical importance.The walls of magnificent palaces whichstood on the gigantic terrace of Persepolis,overlooking a plain encircled by mountains,were of sun-dried brick. But thecolonnaded halls, the windows, and thegreat doors were done in black stone polishedlike ebony.The sculptures were done on this blackstone. Those discovered by Dr. Herzfelddepict a magnificent durbar, or conclave, ofa great group of Persian and Medianofficials standing with the brilliantly uniformed palace guards of the Persian Emperor drawn up at one side to receive theambassadors of twenty-two subject nations234 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEwho approach from the other side bearingtheir tribute to Persia.The execution of the scenes, Dr. Herzfeld reports, displays unparalleled beautyand refinement of detail. The palaceguards, consisting of footmen, horsemen,and charioteers, form a superb ensemble. Inthe sculptor's representation of each chariotwheel, the bronze nail which was droppedthrough a hole in the end of the axle outsidethe hub to prevent the wheel coming off, isdepicted in every detail. The upper halfof each nail consists of a beautifullysculptured female figure, carved with thedelicacy of a cameo in an area not as largeas a postage stamp. The legs of the figureform the stem of the nail which is insertedin the hole of the axle.Originally the scenes were embellishedwith colors, which all have been lost exceptin one relief just discovered by Dr. Herzfeld. Sheltered from the weather underrubbish for centuries, it discloses thePersian Emperor wearing a robe borderedwith scarlet and purple, shoes of scarlet, andother finery in royal hues.It was the disintegration and fall ofthe great mud-brick walls that preservedthe newly discovered sculptures, and protected them from the ravages of weatherand vandalism through nearly 2,500 yearssince they were created. The carvings areas fresh as the day when the sculptors'chisels touched them for the last time. Noother works of old Persian art have everbeen found in such perfect preservation.One tradition has it that Alexander theGreat in 330 B. c, sotted with wine, andurged by his lady-love of the moment, setfire to the roof of one of the palaces, andsent up in flame and smoke a supreme expression of ancient Oriental genius. Theconflagration was a disaster which markedthe end of the evolution of Oriental civilization in Western Asia, and the destructionwrecked forever most of the works of artwhich made the palaces of Persepolis thegreat world center of culture and civilization under the Persian empire.When the Moslems overflowed into thisregion in the seventh and eighth centuriesof the Christian Era, they battered to piecesthe heads and faces of the sculptured figures they found still above ground. But thesculptures which the Oriental Institute hasnow discovered escaped their notice becauseof the protecting heaps of debris, and therefore constitute a great contribution to thehistory of ancient art.The neighboring Stone Age village wasfound beneath a small mound some threehundred by six hundred feet in area andonly ten or twelve feet in height, withintwo miles of the ruins of the great palaces.The walls of the adobe houses are preserved in places to a height of six or sevenfeet. There is a narrow street or alley extending the length of the little settlement,and a modern visitor walking along it canlook over into the houses. Through thedoors, and the earliest windows yet foundanywhere, he can see mural decorations ofred ochre water color still discernible on thewalls.Standing about on the floors are household utensils of pottery, fireplaces withburned clay fire-dogs still in position, andpottery vessels still containing the remainsof food, especially the bones of animals,probably domesticated. In some of thedishes lay the flint knives with which theancient people had last eaten some sixthousand years ago.The exquisite polychrome designs andmotifs painted on the pottery mark a newchapter in the history of prehistoric art,Dr. Herzfeld says in his report, far exceeding in beauty and age the crude and artistically insignificant potsherds of the StoneAge found in Babylonia."Such remains," Dr. Breasted said, "disclose to us the earliest prehistoric ancestryof the civilization which reached its culmination in the palaces of Persepolis. The evidences of the intervening evolution areplentifully preserved all around Persepolis."The Oriental Institute holds a concessionto all the surrounding ancient sites withina radius of ten kilometers, or thirteen miles,of the old Persian capital. The PersianExpedition, one of twelve maintained bythe University in the Near East, has beenengaged for two years in recovering the longcultural development which went on forages among the Persians and their predecessors in this region. The newest find ex-NEWS OF THE QUADRANGLES 235ceeds in interest the Institute's discovery ofSolomon's stables at Armageddon severalyears ago.*****In a good democracy, every citizen is encouraged to develop one or more theoriesabout running the nation. No less widelydemocratic, Professor Compton's recent fanmail would indicate, is the proclivity to concoct amateur solutions for abstruse scientificproblems. Since his debate with Dr. Millikan at Christmas about the nature andorigin of cosmic rays, Professor Comptonhas received more than one hundred suggestions from helpful souls who do notmind unilateral correspondence."I have just read in the paper about Dr.Millikan being angry with you and firesback because you know more than he does,"one correspondent observes. "If Dr. Millikan and the rest of the wise men of theUnited States do not stop traveling all overthe country and climbing to Pike's Peakwhere they made observations at varyingaltitudes from 14,000 feet down to themountain's base. I certainly pause at suchfoolishness, because a fool knows that thealtitude all over the world is absolutelydifferent in different sections of the universe." This correspondent, on the basis ofquotations from certain old Egyptian books,suggests that the cosmic rays are really tinypoints of mercury.Another, proposing that the cosmic rayis "the emanative force of elementaryconstruction, reconstruction and rearrangement," admits having compounded a "peculiar salt of barium and strontium saltswhich transmute silver and also producecosmic rays."Another submits a document entitled"Universal Hypothesis of Natural Science"preceded by a Memoir — "May this peerlesswork become a memorial for all those immortal scholars who have made it possibleto establish this embellished doctrine."This work, "unveiling for the first time thetrue nature of gravity, electrical distressand stationary attraction," suggests thatlight rays speed up during ages of traveluntil their vibrations are short and rapid,thus light fades into x-rays, cosmic rays,in the end, where energy is almost exhausted, and the rays wind up into parcels of matterwith magnetic properties."Most cooperative is the contributor whoremarks that "the dispute which has arisenbetween two groups of scientists regardingthe cosmic rays is deplorable. . . . The wholedifficulty lies in the fact that you have notchosen the correct absorption metal as acosmic detector and indicator. . . . Mercurywill vary polarization bias through a doublerefraction angle according to its latitudebetween the earth's poles. ... I am sending a copy to Dr. Millikan and hope that youwill come to an agreement." Helpful alsois the offer to solve the matter through"Neo-Cabala, the New Science of Numbers," by contra-posing "definitive clauseswhich are mathematically in balance."Most literary is the contributor whoseeyes have become x-rayed through muchstaring at the heavens and who reportshaving seen cosmic rays emerging from thesun, as well as figures resembling "immensemen of war-ships and fire engines andgolden aeroplanes and serpents and eels withcream colour bellies. . . ."Least kind is the terse note which reads,"The idea that cosmic rays have their sourceof origin in the stars is an idea to which Iclaim priority and protected by copyright.The varying intensity of the rays at theearth's poles and equator confirmed by youas a result of your recent expedition, corroborates exactly with my own findings. . . .Would regard it as a favor that you recognize the validity of my claims, by statingin your work the source of your information. . . . Trusting that I may notbe put to the inconvenience of proving it. . ."*****Mrs. Gertrude Dunn Hicks, whose giftof $300,000 to the University in 1927made possible the erection of the HicksMemorial Hospital, an orthopedic unit ofthe University Clinics, died on January1 6th. She bequeathed $100,000 to theUniversity, the principal to be held and theinterest accumulated for ten years, and theincome thereafter to be used in support ofthe work of the Hicks Hospital. . . . Dr.George F. Dick, newly appointed chairmanof the University's department of medicine,236 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEand Dr. Gladys Dick, his wife, are thejoint recipients of the Cameron Prize for1933. Awarded annually by the SenatusAcademicus of the University of Edinburgh, the Cameron Prize has been givento Americans only twice before. Theprize, which carries a stipend of about 200pounds, has been given to the Dicks fortheir work on the etiology and treatmentof scarlet fever. . . . Professor Harry A.Bigelow, Dean of the University's LawOn a more modest but more satisfyingscale is Constable's English edition ofBernard Shaw's Adventures of the BlackGirl in her Search for God. This is asbeautiful a book as I have ever seen offeredfor a modest two and six. It has beendesigned from end to end by the artist,John Farleigh, and, in consequence, thedecorated paper boards, the end-papers,the full-page engravings and head- andtail-pieces are perfectly harmonious. Despite the somewhat funereal use of solidblacks in covers and end-papers, the bookis an extraordinary witty and delightfulperformance.The most beautiful book that I haveseen recently is Glenway Wescott's Calendar of Saints for Unbelievers, publishedby Harrison of Paris. This series of School, last month announced the establishment of a new quarterly publication inthe field of law, "The University of Chicago Law Review," to be published by astudent board of /editors, under facultyauspices. The first issue will be broughtout in May as a memorial to the late Professor Ernst Freund. . . . Rental ratesfor all University residence halls will bereduced an average of 13.38%, beginningin the Spring quarter.flippant and perhaps disconcerting sketchesof the more amusing saints has been givenalmost perfect treatment by its designer,Munroe Wheeler. The type, a new DutchRomanee, is light, graceful, and delicate;it informs one immediately that the bookwas written with loving care, and not witha sledge hammer. And though the illustrations by Pavel Tchelitchew are soggy andponderous, the diminutive signs of thezodiac which appear in red on the title-page, and in gilt on the book's dull blackspine, have a beguiling delicacy.But, after all, it may not be altogethergracious to look gift-books in the type-face.In any case, the one to which I shallreturn repeatedly with a curiously personalpleasure is the Bookman s Glossary. Theflattering unction of that title !In My Opinion(Continued from page 230)By William V. Morgenstern '20 J.D. '22Scores of the MonthBasketballChicago, 26; Notre Dame, 39Chicago, 12; Iowa, 42Chicago, 16; Marquette, 44Chicago, 21; Purdue, 41Chicago, 23; Northwestern, 57Chicago, 10; Michigan, 35Chicago, 34; Indiana, 32TrackChicago, 58%; Purdue, 36%Chicago, 66; Loyola, 33Chicago, 64; North Central, 35Chicago, 27; Michigan, 68Quadrangular: Chicago, 41%Purdue, 371/3Wisconsin, 32%Northwestern, 21SwimmingChicago, 36; Iowa, 39Chicago, 34; Northwestern, 41Chicago, 26; Michigan, 49CHICAGO'S football direction, solong the concern of the unique andcapable Amos Alonzo Stagg, passesto Clark Shaughnessy, who has achieved anational reputation as a coach at Tulaneand Loyola of the South. The choice ofMr. Shaughnessy reflects the determinationof Nelson Metcalf, the new athletic director, to maintain intercollegiate athleticson the strongest possible basis. Mr. Metcalf has announced that determination onseveral occasions, and his selection of Mr.Shaughnessy is a convincing demonstrationof his attitude. The appointment has beenreceived with approval by the players, students, and the world in general, particularly by those who are acquainted withfootball and coaching ability. Mr.Shaughnessy's character and reputation are Water PoloChicago, 4; Iowa, 7Chicago, 1 ; Northwestern, 8Chicago, 6; Michigan, 5Chicago, 4; I. A. C, 8WrestlingChicago, 16; Illinois, 16Chicago, 13%; Iowa, 12^4Chicago, 13; Northwestern, 19Chicago, 21; Rochester A. & M., 15Chicago, 11; Franklin & Marshall, 21Chicago, 11^; West Virginia, 163^2GymnasticsChicago, 249.75; Iowa, 183.50; Wisconsin, 198FencingChicago, 10; Purdue, 7Chicago, 6j4 ; Northwestern, 10}^Chicago, 9; Northwestern, 8Chicago, 4; Illinois, 4what is demanded of a successor to Mr.Stagg; his record at Tulane and Loyola,and the high opinion in which he is heldby leading coaches testifies to his technicalskill.The non-athletic biography of Mr.Shaughnessy can be put in a sentence:Forty-one years old, married, has threechildren, a Methodist. The new coachplayed three years at Minnesota, as end,tackle, and fullback, during the years of1911 to 1913, and Chicago players of thatera, including "Pete" Russell and NelsonNorgren, well recall his prowess as aplayer. He also was on the basketball andtrack teams. From 191 5 to the presenthe has held two positions, having been director of athletics and football coach atTulane University from 19 15 to 1926, in-237238 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEelusive, and coach at Loyola since 1926.At Tulane, his teams won 58 games, lost27, and tied 6. At Loyola, where his material was considerably inferior to that hehad at Tulane, and probably averaged evenlower than Chicago's, he won 38 games,lost 16, and tied 5. In 1925, his Tulaneteam played Northwestern on Stagg field,and gave a brilliant exhibition of open football in defeating the Purple, which wonthe conference title that year, 18 to 7.He has had many offers of new coachingpositions, including two in the conference.His capacity to adjust his game to his material, and the success he has had at Loyolawith squads of limited abilities, are assurance that he will get the best out of Chicago teams. Enthusiasm in Chicago overthe new coach is encouraging, but it maylead to overly optimistic expectations. Ifthe freshman squad is eligible, and all theveterans remain, the Chicago squad nextfall will be much stronger than normal.But Mr. Shaughnessy is striking out in themost keenly competitive football organization in existence, and no coach has ever setthe Big Ten on fire his first year. He will,I suspect, learn about a lot of things henever knew in his coaching career. He willneed a year, at least, to adjust himself tohis men and to his competition. No matterhow expert the advice his assistants cangive, he will have to find out about theconference for himself. Present plans arethat he will come to Chicago in the middleof March, and remain here for springpractice, which opens April 3.The selection of the football coach having settled a lot of questions, and unquestionably being one that contributes toChicago's athletic prestige, the future generally may turn out to be! considerablybrighter than the immediate past or present. The crucial point will be the showingof the freshmen athletes scholastically, forthe 1936 group can add a lot of power tothe teams. As to the present, the lastmonth has seen a fairly good average of performance in most of the sports. NelsonNorgren's basketball team went its way,losing nine straight games, and then suddenly turned in a fine game to defeat Indiana. There is no question but thatthe team is developing, but it is the oldstory of the men becoming good just as theyare finishing their competition. The onlychance the team has offensively is whenKeith Parsons and "Chiz" Evans bothare hitting above their average on the samenight. That is what happened againstIndiana, Parsons and Evans contributing atotal of 24 points. The concentration ofscoring power in these two is indicated bythe table of "leading scorers," in which,after the Indiana game, Parsons and Evanswere tied for eleventh position, with atotal of 63 points each. None of the otherMaroon players were high enough to belisted in the first twenty-five. Usually, theteam has played a fairly good first half,particularly on defense, but lacking scoringpower, it tended to break easily when theopponents spurted. Both Parsons andPorter graduate, but there will be a promising group remaining, including Evans,Wegner, and Flinn, the other three regulars. With additions from the freshmansquad, particularly Bill Haarlow, the bestprep basketball player in Chicago, the teammay accomplish something next year.The track team has had a successfulseason, among its triumphs being a victoryin the quadrangular meet. Coach Mer-riam's men have come through in verysatisfying fashion in competition, but theteam is not up there with Michigan, Indiana, and Illinois. In the conference meet,John Brooks has a good chance to place inthe dash. He has consistently equalled theconference record of 0:06.2 in the 60-yarddash. Edward Cullen, the fullback, is oneof the good quarter milers of the conference, capable of bettering 0:51, but hisinexperience may be costly in a big meet.Capt. Ted Haydon, who isn't the besthurdler in the Big Ten, but who is achampion competitor, has gone along winning against men who figured to beat him,but he doesn't seem likely to win anythingin the conference. Richard Jackson, whohas gone up to 12 feet, 8 inches, shouldedge into the pole vault, and John Roberts,who has vaulted 12 feet, 6 inches, may also(Continued on page 23Q)NEWS OF THE CLASSESAND ASSOCIATIONSCollege1900Henry R. Corbett, Ph.M., is a consulting actuary, specializing in pension and retirement plans,and other forms of employees' benefits, includingunemployment insurance.1901Mrs. W. O. Mendenhall (Lucy Osgood) is avery active member of the Wichita Board ofEducation, Wichita, Kansas.1903Daniel Walter Morehouse is president ofDrake University. He is scheduled to visit Chicago during the Fair to lecture at the Planetarium.1905Isaac F. Neff, S.M., is head of the mathematicsdepartment at Drake University.1906Walter L. Gregory, ex, was recently reelectedpresident of the State Street Council, an organization of business men in Chicago.1907Harry Bennett Anderson is Judge of the U.S. District Court in Memphis, Tenn.1908Charles L. Baker spent some time recentlyinvestigating the structural geology of an areain northeastern Mexico and in studying the physiography of the New Mexico-Texas High Plains. 1909George A. Harper is with the Southern ArizonaSchool for Boys, at Tucson.1910Lillian Gubelman, A.M. '24, heads the department of foreign languages at State Teachers College, Valley City, N. Dak. Valley City boastsa good colony of University of Chicago people.C. E. Allen, A.M. '03, Ph.D. '13, Leslie Quant,A.M. '20, Mary Patron, '12, Susan McCoy, '05,C. C. Crawford, A.M. '29, all are engaged ineducational work there. *** Kate L. Knowles isliving in Kansas City, Mo., at 2417 Jackson Ave.*** James Niewdorp, instructor in mathematicsand director of physics at Calvin College, GrandRapids, writes that his son, John, is at presenta medical student at the University of Chicago.1911E. Russell Lloyd, ex, is district Geologist ofthe Superior Oil Company of Midland, Texas.1912Irma L. Stoehr writes that she "is still at theold stand, Hughes High School, in Cincinnati,teaching American history and civil governmentand trying to do her bit to keep young peoplein school these hard days of depression."Hughes High School has three other Chicagoalumni on its staff, Mary Barnett, '25, BerthaE. Ward, '02, and Anna L. Peterson, '99.1913Ida T. Jacobs is teaching English at RooseveltHigh School, Des Moines, Iowa.{Continued on page 240)Athletics(Continued from page 238)get a point. Eugene Ovson has a limit ofabout 46 feet, a remarkable distance for a166 pounder to achieve, but there are atleast two men who can beat him in the BigTen. The mile relay team, strengthenedby the eligibility of Jerome Jontry, alsorates a place.The swimming team has done moderately well, but the water polo team fellapart. Glomset and Dwyer in the breastStroke; Connelly in the 440, John MarronMV the diving, perhaps Nicoll in the backstroke and Barden in the 220, and the medley relay team, are the only conference point possibilities. The wrestling team,which has several good men, includingCapt. Bion Howard, 145 pounds; JohnHeide, 165 pounds, and Edwin Bedrava,175 pounder, is optimistic enough to thinkthat it has a chance to win the conference,but its hopes are based largely on the possibility of the other teams splitting points.The fencing team rates with the best.Coach Dan Hoffer of the gymnasts, whoseace and captain, George Wright, has a badknee, has built up several of his veteransand put together a team that looks strongenough to win the championship for thefourth time in a row.239240 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE1914Lonnie W. Ryan, S.M., recently resigned hisposition as Director of research with the Titanium Pigment Company, to accept a similar postwith the United Color and Pigment Company ofNewark, N. J.1915Charles I. Madison is chief of the Public Welfare Bureau at Des Moines, Iowa.1916Roy B. Whitehead is head geologist of the Atlantic Producing Company of Standard Oil. Heis to be in charge of the Petroleum exhibit at theFair this summer. *** Carol H. Snyder, A.M.'27, is teaching English and French at the EastHigh School in Des Moines.1917Pearle LeCompte is at Evansville College,Evansville, Ind. *** Lois Gail Haugen is a private secretary at the Bankers Life Company,Des Moines.1918Helen J. Doty is at Central High School,Evansville, Ind. *** William Koch teaches biology at Roosevelt High School, Des Moines.1919J. Lita Bane, A.M., is editor of the Homemak-ing Department of the Ladies Home Journal. ***Dorothy E. Erskine teaches at Bosse High School,Evansville, Ind.1920Alice Hoffman is married to Stanley C. Bell,and has one son, John Curtis. They live atGrand Island, Nebr. *** Melville J. Herskovitsis an anthropologist at Northwestern University.*** Sara Mildred Toubes is married to MorseD. Levitt. They live with their two boys inNew York City.1921Jean Kimber is teaching at Harris TeachersCollege in St. Louis.1922Martha Helene Block is securities examinerwith the Securities Division Public Service atthe Capitol at Madison, Wis. *** Edward I.Frankel is advertising manager for FrankelClothing Company in Des Moines.1923Marjorie H. Morgan is on the staff of theHyde Park School for Little Children, Chicago,in charge of the Nursery.1924Miriam A. Huffman, A.M., is teaching Englishin Des Moines, at Roosevelt High School. ***Mrs. Herbert R. Mundhenke conducts a privatenursery school in Des Moines. 1925Mildred E. Stark is principal of the KingSchool, Chicago. *** Mrs. Edward J. Lewis(Edwina Meaney) is Director of UnemploymentRelief Service for Cook County. *** Ina Pem-berton is at Emmerick Manual Training HighSchool, Indianapolis. *** Kenneth W. DeanA.M., is teaching at Tuley High School, andliving at 6224 So. Marshfield Ave., Chicago.1926Owen Donnelly is a student at Kent Collegeof Law, Chicago. *** M. K. Hubbert, S.M. »3gjinstructor in geophysics at Columbia, is a member of the executive staff of the Columbia technocrats. He published an article on some ofhis findings in the December issue of The LivingAge. *** John H. Hutchinson, A.M., is with thedepartment of secondary education at Drake University. *** Maurice Baum, A.M., is head ofthe department and professor of philosophy atKent State College, Ohio.*** Genevieve H. Fors-berg is a life insurance underwriter and is living in LaGrange. *** Eva Cowan is teaching atMarshall High School, Chicago. *** Etta Eugenia Lambert, A.M., is head of the socialstudies department and chairman of the SocialStudies Curriculum Committee for Grades 7-12at Grand Rapids, Mich.1927Elmer B. Gift, A.M., is head of the department of education at Central College, Fayette,Mo. *** Lee O. Yoder, S.M., is in the geologyand geography department at Drake University,*** John C. Clark, S.M.,- is an instructor inphysics at Stanford University.1928Alice E. Davis, A.M., is an assistant instructorin English at the University of Hawaii. *** JohnM. Michener, A.M., was recently elected president of the Wichita, Kansas, University of Chicago Alumni Club. *** Mary Scott Foster, A.M.,is teaching at Wilson High School, Des Moines.*** Ruth M. Tapper, A.M. '32, is teaching atAurora, 111.1929Edward J. Zeiler, A.M. '32, is principal ofthe Richards School at Whitefish Bay, Wis. ***Edmund Thurston Benson is assistant geologistwith the Illinois State Geological Survey. ***Marguerite Lucilla O'Brien is principal of GrantSchool, Chicago. *** Robert T. Williams hascollaborated in the writing of a very importantpamphlet recently issued by the U. S. Department of Commerce. It is one of the DomesticCommerce Series, No. 69, and deals with thecauses of commercial bankruptcies. The information presented was secured from a detailed analysis of 570 commercial bankruptcies. *** MabelE. Inco, A.M., is teaching at DePauw University.*** Grace I. Gish, A.M., is supervisor of scienceNEWS OF THE CLASSES AND ASSOCIATIONS 241A betterHearing Aid, madeby Bell Telephone makersYou would naturally expect it — and you'd be right! When themen long trained in making telephones turned their attention toapparatus to help the hard-of-hearing, something superior wasbound to result.These are the men who have built a reputation as experts insound. They made the first successful talking picture apparatusand have led the way in aviation radio and in the many applications of sound amplifying.The new Western Electric Audiphone is a hearing aid thatreally aids. Moreover, special care in design has made it compactand light in weight — inconspicuous as eye glasses. Try it, and hearthe difference! For an interesting booklet and name of nearestdealer, who will give you a demonstration, write the distributors,Graybar Electric Company. "Heardyou the first time.""Jn touch with people again,**"Keep, me up with my class.""Help. > t business."Western Electric•HEARING AID-Distributors in Canada: Northern Electric Co.9 Ltd. j GRAYBAR ELECTRIC CO., Graybar Bldg., New York, N.Y.¦ Gentlemen: Please send me full information on the Western1 Electric Audiphone and name of nearest dealer.¦ NAME | ADDRESS-.I 1TY STATE I242 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEand mathematics at Western State Teachers College, Kalamazoo, Michigan. *** Mrs. Verna H.Brackenbury is teaching at Willard School, DesMoines. *** Joseph H. Bramson is credit manfor Levin Furniture Company in Minneapolis.1930Marie-Louise Wolf-Ossendorf is studying inGermany at the University of Munich. Sheplans to spend her spring vacation in Romewhere she hopes to work on her doctor's dissertation. *** Lucille Hoerr Charles has beenappointed head of the new dramatics departmentof the American Peoples College in Europe,which has its headquarters in the Austrian Alps.lender Miss Charles' direction a summer vacation course, a six month's course and a year'scourse will be given for young Americans whowish to study the European theatre first hand andfor those wishing training in the direction ofLittle Theatre groups. Miss Charles played lastyear in the Broadway Production of Life Be'gins,and is now head of dramatics at the Lenox HillSettlement House, New York. *** Anthony S.Stephan, A.M., is an instructor in sociology atthe University of Minnesota.1931Myron Carlson, teacher and athletic coach atBellflower, 111., writes that his teams are "winning a few, losing a few, much like the University of Chicago teams!" *** Merrill B. Dilley,A.M., is in the department of accounting at DrakeUniversity. *** Ruth M. Blankmeyer is directorof art in the elementary schools at Oak Park, 111.*** Marguerite McNall reports that her avocation of photography has been getting gratifyingresults lately. She has had several photographsaccepted at the salons, Toronto, Los Angeles,Milwaukee, Paris, Montevideo, and Chicago'sFourth International. One of her prints waspublished in the All American PhotographicSalon Catalogue, and another in the 1933 edition of the American Journal of Photography. ***Henry R. Homes, A.M., is a student at the University of Michigan.1932Stillman Frankland is an investigator in thesecurities division of the Secretary of State Officeat 134 N. LaSalle St., Chicago. *** Mary S.Waller is teaching French at Michigan StateCollege, East Lansing, Mich.Doctors of Philosophy1903Wallace W. Atwood, '97, is the author of Professional Paper 166, of the U. S. Geological Survey, on the physiography and geology of theSan Juan region of Colorado. He has recentlystudied with his son, Rollin Salisbury Atwood,'24, the physiography of the Highlands of Guate mala under the auspices of the Carnegie Instituteat Washington, D. C.1905E. B. Branson recently returned from sevenmonths of travel in Africa and western Europe.Dr. Branson is collaborating with Dr. Mehl ona work on conodonts to appear this year. ***William R. Blair, '04, is with the Signal CorpsLaboratories at Fort Monmouth, Ocean-port, N. J.1907George Winchester, '04, is head of the department of physics at Rutgers University, NewBrunswick. *** R. T. Chamberlin, '03, has beennominated for the presidency of the Geology andGeography Section of the American Associationfor the Advancement of Science.1909Harris F. McNeish, '02, S.M. '04, is head ofthe department of mathematics of Brooklyn College of the City of New York. *** E. S. Bastin,S.M. '03, has been instrumental in organizinga new subcommittee of the National ResearchCouncil to work on the problem of the Ore Deposits of the Mississippi Valley Region. Dr.Bastin is President of the Society of EconomicGeologists and the Chicago chapter ofSigma Xi.1914Herbert H. Rudd, B.D. '04, A.M. '14, is professor of philosophy and psychology at the University of New Hampshire.1915James Henry Lees is with the Geology Department at the State House, Des Moines. *** L. C.Snider is the author of a new book "Earth History," which is designed for the instruction ofthe intelligent layman and for use as a textbook. It is the first of the Century Company'sseries on the earth sciences, edited by Dr. K. F.Mather. *** A. W. Fortune, D.B. '05, is pastorof the Central Christian Church of Lexington,Ky.I9l6Emery R. Hayhurst is chief of the Division ofHygiene and Consultant in Occupational Diseasesfor the Ohio Department of Health; he acts ina similar capacity for the U. S. Public HealthService as occasion arises.1922Harry M. Weeter is a clinical pathologist inLouisville, Kentucky. *** D. J. Fisher, '17, S.M.'20, spent part of the summer and fall completing the field work on the Wilmington, 111., quadrangle.1925Charles H. Behre, Jr., '18, is the author of areport on the slate deposits of Pennsylvania forBusiness and Professional DirectoryBROKERSClark G. (Skee) Sauer '12 C. P. (Buck) Freeman '13WithJAMES E. BENNETT & COMPANYStocks — Bonds — Grain — CottonMembers: New York and Chicago Stock Exchanges,Chicago Board of Trade, All Principal Markets332 So. LaSalle St. Telephone Wabash 2740CHEMICAL ENGINEERSAlbert K. Epstein, '12EPSTEIN REYNOLDS and HARRISConsulting Chemists and Engineers5 S. Wabash Ave. ChicagoTel. Cent. 4286INSURANCEC. F. AXELSON, >07Chartered Life UnderwriterREPRESENTINGThe Northwestern Mutual Life Ins. Co.209 So. LaSalle St. Tel. State 0633LITHOGRAPHINGL. C. MEAD 'zi E. J. CHALIFOUX *zzPHOTOPRESS, INC.Planograph — Offset — Printing71 $ So. LaSalle St. Harrison 3614RADIOWMAQOfficial Broadcasting Station ofThe University of ChicagoWilliam S. Hedges, '18 Mgr.TRAVELFor Reservations, Tickets, All Steamship Linesand Travel OrganizationsLESTER F. BLAIRTravel Service Bureau— University of Chicago5758 Ellis Ave. Phones Midway 0800 and Plaza 3858ARTISTGERDA AHLMExpert Restorer of FinePAINTINGS and MINIATURESSuite 1701 Telephone56 E. Congress St. Wabash 5390ARTIFICIAL LIMBS AND TRUSSESAMBULATORY PNEUMATIC SPLINT MFG. CO.1 861 (W.) Osden Av. Cor. S. Honore St. Phone West 2040For Best Results in Fractures of Hip, Thish, Les, Arm, useour Air Cushioned Reduction Bed or Walking Splint.Arches, Braces, Calipers, Extensions, Crutches, Chairs,Abdominal Supporters, Elastic Goods, Invalid Chairs,Supplies. Moderate Prices, Reliable Fitting Service. AUTO LIVERYCHICAGO PETERSENMOTOR LIVERYLINCOLN'S With Experienced Chauffeurs5548 Lake Park Ave. MID way 0949AWNINGSPHONES OAKLAND 0690—0691—0692The Old ReliableHYDE PARK AWNING CO., Inc.Awnings and Canopies for All Purposes4508 Cottage Grove AvenueCARPENTERSfAm GoDSTEDCarpenter Contractor1111 East 55th StreetFAIRFAX 9393-1361CEMETERIESOAK WOODS CEMETERY1035 E. 67th St. at Greenwood Ave.Fairfax 0140Irrevocable Perpetual CharterCrematory — GreenhousesCOAL5900 STEWART 3952AUBURN COAL & MATERIAL CO.COAL- COKE- BUILDING MATERIAL7443 So. Racine Ave. ChicagoCOFFEE AND TEAW. S. Quinby-Bellconrad Co.Importers and Roasters ofHigh Grade Coffees and Teas417-427 West Ohio St. Phones Superior 2336-7-8ELEVATORSRELIANCE ELEVATOR CO.PASSENGER AND FREIGHTELEVATORSFor Every Purpose212 W. Austin Ave. ChicagoFENCESANCHOR POST FENCE CO.Ornamental Iron Chain Link Rustic WoodFences tor Campus, Tennis Court, Estate, Suburban Home orIndustrial planttree Advisory Service and Estimates Furnished646 N. MICHIGAN BLVD. SUPERIOR 1367243244 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEthe Pennsylvania Geological Survey, and of theWeston Pass Mining District, Col., for the U. S.Geological Survey.1926Langston F. Bate, A.M. '24, is chairman ofthe Division of Science and head of the department of chemistry at Miner Teachers College,Washington, D. C. *** Simeon E. Leland is arecently appointed member of the Illinois StateTax Commission. He is teaching economics atthe University of Chicago and has specialized inthe study of taxation problems. *** Carroll LaneFenton, '22, and Mrs. Fenton are working on anIllustrated Catalogue of Devonian Fossils, andare collaborators for corals on a Devonianbibliography being prepared by Dr. E. M.Kindle. The Fentons are now at Walker Museumstudying under a grant from the ElizabethThompson Science Fund. *** John W. Coulter isassistant professor of geography at the University of Hawaii; he has published two magazine articles this winter on the results of fieldtrip in the orient last summer.1928Edward G. Kaufman is president of BethelCollege at Newton, Kansas. This is the oldestMennonite College in America, founded in 1888.1929H. H. Downing, A.M. '16, is teaching mathematics and astronomy at the University ofKentucky. *** Robert E. Landon, '26, is an instructor in geology at Colorado College.1930George H. Scherer is general secretary of theBible Lands Sunday School Union. This yearthe School of Theology at Athens and the Schoolfor Religious Workers in Beirut have been combined, to form the Near East School of Theology.Mr. Scherer is director of field work in the newschool and is supervising the work of 32 students. They come from Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Egypt, Palestine, and Syria. He writes, "Ihave the grandest job in the Near East."i93iMarcel Golay is a physicist at the Signal CorpsLaboratory at Fort Monmouth, Oceanport, N. J.*** Andrew W. Lind is an assistant professorof sociology at the University of Hawaii. Heis writing a book at present on the Hawaiianaspects of sociology. *** Alfred Anderson is theauthor of a bulletin of the Idaho Bureau ofMines and Geology on geological and mineralresources of eastern Cassia County, Idaho. Heis now engaged as an assistant geologist by theU. S. Geological Survey in an investigation ofthe gold ore resources of the Boise Basin region.The study is a cooperative piece of work withthe Idaho Bureau of Mines and Geology. 1932Bruce Freeman had an interesting field tripin the Rouyn-Harricanaw region last year. Hewent in by canoe and came out by dog-team andsled.Rush1905Robert H. H. Goheen, '02, M.D., an Americanphysician in India, has just been awarded theKaiser-i-Hind gold medal by the King of England for meritorious services to the Indian people. The greater part of Dr. Goheen's life hasbeen spent in India, although he received hiseducation in America, at Wooster College, andat Rush Medical College. He is stationed atVengurla, where he is in charge of St. Luke'sHospital, Hillside Sanitarium; a leprosarium, thedispensaries, and is treasurer of the WesternIndia Mission.1912W. H. Olds, '10, S.M. 'n, M.D., has beenappointed to the Chair of Clinical Surgery of theCollege of Medical Evangelists at Los Angeles,Calif. He will have charge of the clinical teaching of this school at the Los Angeles CountyGeneral Hospital and of the organization ofthe surgical services at this hospital for theschool. He has also been elected recently to theExecutive Medical Board of the CaliforniaHospital in Los Angeles.Law1906Russell Jordan, J.D., Judge, has been appointedto the Municipal Bench in Des Moines, Iowa.He is in charge of the assignment and equitydivision.1915Charles Bowers, '13, J.D., is a successfulcriminal lawyer in Des Moines.1918Lillian Alma Leffert is attorney for the Western Life Insurance Company of Des Moines.1920Harold W. Norman, '20, J.D., is a member ofthe law firm of Zane, Morse, Zimmerman andNorman.1921Lee Isaac Park is a member of the law firm ofHamel, Park, Saunders, and Raymond Benjamin.1922L. Dow Nichol, Jr., J.D., has been admittedto membership in the firm of Tenney, '13, J.D.'15, Hardin, J.D. '14, Sherman and Rogers.NEWS OF THE CLASSES AND ASSOCIATIONSFISH PLASTERING 245J. A. DAVIS FISH CO.Specialize in Supplying Hotels, Restaurants, Hospitals,Institutions. Fresh Caught Direct From the Fisherman.211 N. Union Ave. Phone Haymarket 1495FILLING STATIONSROSCOE LAYMANFILLING STATION92nd Street and So. Chicago Ave.PHONE SO. CHICAGO 1163FLOWERSCHICAGOESTABLISHED 1865FLOWERSPhones: Plaza 6444, 6445 1631 East 55th StreetGARAGESCapacity 350 Cars FireproofFairchild Garage Co.5546 Lake Park Ave.Thru to Harper Ave.PHONE HYDE PARK*1275Dependable Service |LAUNDRIESFidelity Morgan Service, Inc."Better Laundry Work"Branch 1015 East 61st StreetPhone Calumet 1906MONUMENTSPhone Monroe 5058 Established 1889C. CILELLA & SONMONUMENTS AND MAUSOLEUMSRock of Ages and Guardian MemorialsWe Erect Work Anywhere 723-25 W. Taylor StreetOPTICIANSNELSONOPTICAL CO.1138 East 63rd StreetHyde Park 5352Dr. Nels R. Nelson, OptometristPAINTINGEstablished 1851 Incorporated 1891Geo. D. Milligan CompanyPainting and Decorating Contractors2309 South Parkway Tel. Cal. 5665 Howard F, » NolanPlastering, Brick and Cement WorkRepairing a Specialty1111 East 55th St. Phones 1878 - 79PUBLISHINGYour Book Length ManuscriptPUBLISHEDWrite for Booklet and TermsMEADOR PUBLISHING CO.470 S. Atlantic Ave. Boston, Mass.RIDINGMidway Riding Academy6037 Drexei AvenueExpert InstructorsBeautiful Bridle Path and Good HorsesUniversity of Chicago Riding HeadquartersMidway 9571 Phone Dorchester 8041ROOFINGGROVEROOFINGCO.(Gilliland)Old Roofs Repaired New Roofs Put On22 Years at 6644 Cottage Grove Ave.Lowest Prices — Estimates Free Fairfax 3206SADDLERYW. J. WYMANManufacturer, Importer and Dealer inHigh Grade Saddles, Polo Goods, Etc.Chicago Riding Club Building, 628 McClurg CourtLake Forest Store— 210-212 Westminster Ave., EastTelephone Superior 8801SCALP SPECIALISTSDR. H. C. WEIGERTSCALP SPECIALIST5238 Lake Park AvenueMIDWAY 3836SCHOOLSPRACTICAL BUSINESS TRAININGBusiness Administration, Executive-Secretarial14 Other Practical Courses - Train for Assured SuccessCollege Grade Courses 77th Year Write for CatalogBRYANT & STRATTON COLLEGE18 South Michigan Avenue Randolph 1575TIMELY ART GUIDANCEExperienced • Progressive • SuccessfulSummer Session Starts July 6Fall Session September 6 — 30th YearCHICAGO ACADEMY OF FINE ARTS1 8 South Michigan Avenue - Chicago246 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE1923Horace Dawson, J.D., a member of the firmof Dyrenforth, Lee, Chritton and Wiles, Board ofTrade Building, Chicago, has been elected secretary-treasurer of the Patent Law Association ofChicago for 1933.1924Carl B. Nusbaum, '19, J.D., and M. RobertSturman, '22, J.D. '23, have moved their officesto Suite 610, Six N. Clark St., Chicago, and arenow associated with the firm of Nusbaum,Damon, and Sturman.1925Edwin Van Scoy Proudfoot, '24, J.D., is aspecial agent for the United States Fidelity andGuaranty Co.1932Bruce S. Parkhill, J.D., is in the law office ofJ. J. McCauley, 37 N. Ayer St., Harvard, 111. ***Marguerite M. Hartman, J.D., passed the IllinoisBar examinations a year ago and is now inChicago. ,Social Service AdministrationFacultyDean Edith Abbott and Mr. Frank Bane,Secretary of the American Public Welfare Association and Lecturer in Public Welfare, wereamong the witnesses called to Washington totestify in the United States Senate Hearings onthe Costigan-LaFollette Bill on Federal Relief.A. Wayne McMillen, Associate Professor, wasone of the witnesses called to Washington totestify for the relief of transients. Mr. McMillen is still on leave of absence in charge ofthe relief work of the Pacific Coast and Southwestern States for the Reconstruction FinanceCorporation.Miss Sophonisba Breckinridge, Dean of Pre-professional students, is the author of one ofthe sections of the recently published report ofthe "President's Committee on Social Trends."DoctorsAlice Channing, Ph.D., 1932, is the author ofa report on the occupational histories of mentallydeficient children after they have gone to work,recently published by the United States Children's Bureau.Elizabeth Wisner, Ph.D., 1929, has been appointed Acting Director of the Tulane University School of Social Work.MastersMildred E. Buck, A.M., 1926, has been appointed an instructor in Sociology in the University of Washington.Alice Bible Dickson, A.M., 1932, has taken a position as Social Worker for the Family Welfare Society of Boston.Erma Wainner, A.M., 1929, is on her wayhome from Singapore where she has been working with the Straits-born Chinese children in theBritish school system.Students who received the A.M. degree at theDecember, 1932, Convocation and their presentpositions include the following: Clorinne Mc-Culloch Brandenburg, director of the Bureau ofRegistration of Social Statistics of the Councilof Social Agencies; Edna Bell Buehler, Psychiatric Social Worker for the United States Veterans' Hospital ; Iva Evelyn Smith, Social Worker,Children's Home and Aid Society of Wisconsin;Maude Lester Stanbach, Teacher of Deaf Children, Cleveland, and Elbert Homer Williams,Secretary of the Home and Relief Bureau ofCohoes Emergency Relief Committee, New York.Former StudentsFormer graduate students who have acceptedpositions recently include: Edith Grubb has accepted the position of District Supervisor of theUnemployment Relief Committee in Shreveport,Louisiana ; Gladys Fraser and Cecil Miller havetaken supervisory positions in Public WelfareWork in West Virginia; Betty Lane has beenappointed Director of the Unemployment ReliefCommittee in Marksville, Louisiana; JosephineEmery, Ph.B., 1932, and Nannie Mae Gaylehave accepted positions with the Family WelfareAssociation of Houston, Texas; Louise Briscoeis now working in the Medical Social ServiceDepartment at Provident Hospital ; Elizabeth W.Rogers, Ph.B., 1932, has been appointed supervisor of the Children's Clinics in Cornell Clinicin New York; Margaret E. Houston has takena position as Case Worker at the St. Mary'sHome for Children in Chicago; Katherine Kies-ling and Daniel Sarah Burke are working forthe Crane Fund for Widows and Orphans;Martha A. Stanley has taken a position at theJoint Service Bureau for Children's Institutions;and David Prichard has accepted a position asBoys' Worker at the Illinois Childen's Home andAid Society.The following graduate students have recentlytaken positions with relief organizations in thecity: United Charities: Marian M. Burnham,Sylvia Cobb, Elsie Gobel, Julia Mae Hamilton,Helen Kridelbaugh, Lillian Ripple, Ph.B., 1932,and Ruth Sanderson; Unemployment Relief:Lillie Belle Dixon, Leanore H. Ehrlich, MarianFinn, Fredericka Floyd, Agnes M. Green, ElsieJ. Harsh, Dorothy Mark, Frederick Powell, Edward H. Silverman, Jule E. Schultz, Anita £Timmerman, A. Dell Watkins and Jane Wolffsohn; Cook County Bureau of Public Welfare:Theresa B. Black, Marylouise Brock, SophiaGover, Josephine Hahn, Jane S. Loewenthal, andEllen S. Van Vliet.NEWS OF THE CLASSES AND ASSOCIATIONS 247SCHOOLS— continuedCHICAGO SCHOOL OF SCULPTUREVIOLA NORMAN, DirectorLife Modeling — Life DrawingAbstract Design — CompositionWrite for Catalog Studio 1011 Auditorium Bldg.Telephone Harr. 3216 Fifty-six East Congress St. SHIPPING AND STORAGEMOVING — STORAGE — SHIPPINGPacking and Baggage TransferSTROMBERG BROTHERS1316 East 61st StreetPhones Dorchester 3211 and 3416THE FAULKNER SCHOOL FOR GIRLSA Day School for Girls of All AgesPrepares Its Graduates for All Collegesand UniversitiesThe College Board Examinations AreGiven at the School4746 Dorchester Ave. Tel. Oakland 1423 TEACHERS AGENCIESff* *¦ Teachers 28 E. Jackson Blvd.CHICAGOAgencyOur Service is Nation WideHUETTLART SCHOOLCartooning - DrawingPainting - EtchingArt Materials1546-50 E. 57th St. Plaza 2536MacCormac School of CommerceBusiness Administration and Secretarial TrainingDAY AND EVENING CLASSESEnter Any Monday1170 E. 63rd St. H. P. 2130THE MIDWAY SCHOOL6216 Kimbark Ave. Tel. Dorchester 3299Elementary Grades J unior High PreparationKindergarten French, Dancing, Music and ArtBus ServiceA School with Individual Instruction and Cultural AdvantagesOrthogenic School of ChicagoAffiliated with the University of ChicagoBoarding and Day School forRetarded and Problem ChildrenCatalog on Request1365 East 60th Street MID. 7879ST. GEORGE SCHOOL FOR GIRLS4545 DREXEL BLVD.DAY and BOARDING SCHOOLCatalog Nursery Throush High Enter Any TimeATLANTIC 2746STARRETT SCHOOL for GIRLSA Boarding and Day School for High School andJunior College StudentsFully AccreditedA Refined and Stimulating School Environment4515 Drexei Blvd. Drexei 0521 UNDERTAKERSLUDLOW * SCHNEIDERFUNERAL DIRECTORSFine Chapel with New Pipe OrganSEDAN AMBULANCETel. Fairfax 2861 6110 Cottage Grove Ave.SKEELES - BIDDLEFuneral DirectorsFairfax 0120 Sixty-Third Street and Evans Ave.VENTILATINGTHE HAINES COMPANYVentilating Contractors1929-1937 West Lake St.PHONES SEELEY 2765 - 2766 - 2767Albert Teachers' Agency25 E. Jackson Blvd., Chicago535 Fifth Ave., New York415 Hyde Bldg., SpokaneA general Placement Bureau for men andwomen in all kinds of teaching positions.Large and alert College, and State Teachers' College departments for Doctors andMasters; Critics and Supervisors for Normals. Also many calls for Special teachersof Music, Art, Home Economics, BusinessAdministration, CorrespondenceTeaching.Fine opportunities in Secondary Schools.A host of best Suburban patrons for gradeand High School teachers. Read ourbooklet. Call.248 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEMarriagesHelen M. Post, '06, A.M. '17, to FrederickS. Wright, December 19, 1932, Brownwood,Texas. Miss Post has been head of the Department of English at Baker College for several years.R. M. Leggett, '23, to Mildred I. Heist of SaltLake City, Utah, October 17, 1932.Eleanor Friedman, '30, to Edgar Greenwald,The Yates-FisherTeachers AgencyEstablished 1906PAUL YATES, Manager616-620 South Michigan Ave.Chicago '31, December 24, 1932, Chicago. At home, theFlamingo Hotel, Chicago.Dr. Ralph Mayo Clements, M.D. '31, to ImaCarl Turner, February 19, 1933, Luvenne, Alabama.George Rust, '31, to Alee Ann Clark, November, 1932, Chicago.Julia M. Lundstrom, M.D. '32, to Dr. JohnF. Wixted, of Southbridge, Mass., July 16, 1932.Both Dr. and Mrs. Lundstrom are practicingmedicine in Chesaning, Mich.Janet Herriott, ex '33, to Clinton L. WhiteFebruary 18, 1933; at home, Chicago.BirthsTo Denton H. Sparks, '16, and Mrs. Sparksa son, Kenneth Wayne, February 22, 1933.To Charles L. Hyde, J.D. '16, and Mrs. Hyde,a son, Richard Moorehead, February n, 1933,Pierre, S. Dak.To Walter C. Earle, '18, M.D. '20, and Mrs.Earle (Eugenie Williston, '19) a son, RichardHathaway, November 17, 1932, San Juan, PortoRico.To Mr. and Mrs. Tremayne Hayden (ElsieP. Wolcott, A.M. '22) a daughter, Catherine Barbara, Passavant Hospital, Chicago, November20, 1932.To Roscoe E. Stewart, '23, and Mrs. Stewart(Katherine E. Clark, '21) a daughter, Mary JaneElizabeth, March 17, 1932.To Miiller Koeper, '25, J.D. '27, and Mrs.Koeper (Ellen LeCount, '25) a daughter, PaulaBurns, February 21, 1933, Flossmoor, 111.To Albert Keenan, '29, and Mrs. Keenan(Hazel Bristol, '29) a son, Loren Grover, February 10, 1933, Detroit.To Edward J. Zeiler, '29, A.M. '32, and Mrs.Zeiler, a son, William Edward, June 18, 1932.To Everett V. Stonequist, Ph.D. '30, and Mrs.Stonequist, a daughter, Beryl Ann, May 28, 1932.DeathsAlfred Bennett Price, '72, February 21, 193 1,Cassapolis, Mich.James Summers, '78, December 16, 1932, Portland, Oregon.Alfred S. Burdick, M.D. '91, February 11,1933, Highland Park, 111. Dr. Burdick was president of the Abbott Laboratories, in North Chicago, and prominent in medical circles.James Warren Vanderslice, M.D. '93, December 1932, Oak Park, 111.Golda B. Boyd, '21, December 19, 1932, Cleveland, Ohio.J. Claude Jones, Ph.D. '23, March 2, i932>Nevada. Dr. Jones was acting dean of theMackay School of Mines, University of Nevada.Stella Bartlett, A.M. '31, July 15, 1932, in anautomobile accident, Iowa.The University of ChicagoMagazinehas appointed theGRADUATE TRAVEL SERVICEwith offices at 2.30 Park Ave., New York Cityas its New York Travel Bureau.Chicago alumni are urged to availthemselves of thisFREE TRAVEL SERVICE* Watch for the Card with the above symbolin your mail NEXT WEEKYour use of it will, without charge or obligation to you,bring added travel advertising to this magazine.A Selection ofCHOICE HOMESFor Your Stay in Chicago• Listed here is a selected group of attractive an d reasonable hotels and apartment hotels close to the University and to swift transportation to Chicago's loop.Endorsed by scores of University people, we recommend them to you, thealumni, as ideal homes during your next stay in Chicago.• THE VERSAILLES 53rd and DorchesterHere you can get the finest service combined with the quiet atmosphere of a privatehome. Close to the University and to transportation. The Versailles offers perfectaccommodations for transient or permanent guests.Hotels Rooms $45 to $70. 2-3 Room Kitchenettes $60 to $95. Mr. Shea, Mgr.Phone Fair. 0200• THE>DORCHESTER 1401 Hyde Park Blvd.Situated on exclusive Hyde Park Boulevard, the Dorchester has one of the choicestlocations of any apartment hotel in Chicago. Each apartment has free electric refrigeration in addition to complete hptel service.2 Room Dinette $65 up. 3 Room Kitchenette $100 up. Roof Bungalow $125.Mrs. Thatcher, Mgr. Phone Dor. 9100.• THE BROADVIEW HOTEL 5540 Hyde Park Blvd.Beautiful Jackson Park is just a block away with its yacht harbor, tennis courts andbridle paths. This is one of the most modern and up-to-date hotels in Chicago. Excellent dining room.Room with Private Bath $8 Weekly. Mr. Lineaweaver, Mgr. Fair 8800• CORNELL TOWERS 5346 Cornell AvenueJust a block from Hyde Park Boulevard and from the 53rd Street I. C. Station. Acomfortable hotel apartment where you can enjoy the most complete service and thebeauties of Chicago's famous south shore.2-3 Room Kitchenettes $75 to $175. 4 Room Apartments $165 and up.Mr. Olson, Mgr. Plaza 5400• TUDOR MANOR 7416 Phillips AvenueThis delightful apartment hotel is about a mile and a half from the University but tosee it is to want to stay there. A large solarium adds to your comfort and enjoymentand the service offered is unexcelled.Hotel Rooms $45. 1-2-3 Room Apartments $55 to $95. Mrs. Blair, Mgr.Phone Reg. 1620