VOL. XXV JANUARY, IQ33 number 3THE UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO MAGAZINEA Selection ofCHOICE HOMESFor Your Stay in Chicago• Listed here is a selected group of attractive and reasonable hotels and apart*ment hotels close to the University and to swift transportation to Chicago s loop-Endorsed by scores of University people, we recommend them to you, thealumni, as ideal homes during your next stay in Chicago.• THE VERSAILLES 53rd and DorchesterHere you can get the finest service combined with the quiet atmosphere of a privatehome. Close to the University and to transportation. The Versailles offers perfectaccommodations for transient or permanent guests.Hotels Rooms $45 to $70. 2-3 Room Kitchenettes $60 to $95. Mr. Shea, Mgr.Phone Fair. 0200© THE DORCHESTER 1401 Hyde Park Blvd.Situated on exclusive Hyde Park Boulevard, the Dorchester has one of the choicestlocations of any apartment hotel in Chicago. Each apartment has free electric refrigeration in addition to complete hotel service.2 Room Dinette $65 up. 3 Room Kitchenette $100 up. Roof Bungalow $125.Mrs. Thatcher, Mgr. Phone Dor. 91 00.• THE BROADVIEW HOTEL 5540 Hyde Park Blvd.Beautiful Jackson Park is just a block away with its yacht harbor, tennis courts andbridle paths. This is one of the most modern and up-to-date hotels in Chicago. Excellent dining room.Room with Private Bath $8 Weekly. Mr. Lineaweaver, Mgr. Fair 8800• CORNELL TOWERS 5346 Cornell AvenueJust a block from Hyde Park Boulevard and from the 53rd Street I. C. Station. Acomfortable hotel apartment where you can enjoy the most complete service and thebeauties of Chicago's famous south shore.2-3 Room Kitchenettes $75 to $175. 4 Room Apartments $165 and up.Mr. Olson, Mgr. Plaza 5400• TUDOR MANOR 7416 Phillips AvenueThis delightful apartment hotel is about a mile and a half from the University but tosee it is to want to stay there. A large solarium adds to your comfort and enjoymentand the service offered is unexcelled.Hotel Rooms $45. 1-2-3 Room Apartments $55 to $95. Mrs. Blair, Mgr.Phone Reg. 1620THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 105Wfyt WLnibtv&ity of Chicago Jlaga?meCharlton T. Beck, '04Editor and Business ManagerMilton E. Robinson, *ii, J.D. '13Chairman. Editorial BoardRuth C. E. Earnshaw, '31Associate EditorFred B. Millett, Ph.D. '32, William V. Morgenstern, '20, J.D. '22, John P. Howe, '27Contributing Editors1 Al T H 1I c/V u cIt is with pleasure that we introduce toour readers Carl H. Henrikson, teacher ofbusiness finance, assistant dean of theSchool of Business and specialist in "buck-eteering." For years he has made a studyof the policies and practices of hundreds ofbucket shops engaged in the intensive selling of securities of doubtful value. In hisarticle he outlines the general methods ofthe typical bucketeer and points his talewith many a specific illustration. ProfessorHenrikson will be glad to advise any readerswho have reason to believe that they arebeing solicited by some member of thebucketeering fraternity, and will appreciatereceiving any information relative to pastexperiences with firms or individuals ofthis type.* * *The Dean of the College offers a comprehensive report upon the first year of theNew College Plan at the University ofChicago. Primarily for publication in theUniversity Record, the article is of such interest to alumni of the University, thatpermission was obtained to publish it in theMagazine.* * *John Freeman Pyle, with three Chicagodegrees and h\e years of service in the University's faculty, has, since 1925, been professor of economics and marketing, anddean of the Robert A. Johnston Collegeof Business Administration at MarquetteUniversity. He is a director of the National Association of Teachers of Marketing and Advertising, vice president of theMilwaukee Market Research Council, andthe author of Marketing Principles — Organization and Policies.* * *Alice Benning Darlington became secretary of the Chicago Council of ForeignRelations, following her graduation in1929. In 1 93 1 she married Charles Francis Darlington and left Chicago for Switzerland, where her husband is an officialof the Bank for International Settlements.The Magazine is published at 1009 Sloan St., Crawfordsville, Ind., monthly from Novemberto July, inclusive, for The Alumni Council of the University of Chicago, 5 8th St. and Ellis Ave.,Chicago, 111. The subscription price is $2.00 per year; the price of single copies is 25 cents.Entered as second class matter December 10, 1924, at the Post Office at Crawfordsville, Indiana,under the Act of March 3, 1879.*£ r*<' '3r* J *<W *•*•* HiHaskell Hall, the New Home of the School of Business106Vol. xxv No. 3Wt)tWLnMxXity of ChicagoJfflaga^neJANUARY, 1933Our BucketeersBy Carl H. Henrikson, '28Assistant Professor of Business FinanceA DECADE or two ago the term"bucket shop" was used to describea brokerage house which acceptedcustomers' orders to buy or sell securitiesor commodities without actually making apurchase or sale on the exchange. Thisamounted to taking a trading positionagainst the accounts of customers andgambling against their judgment. Narrowmargins were encouraged, which resultedin quick close-outs as a consequence of comparatively small fluctuations of the market.Through general usage, the term bucketshop has been broadened to include anyhouse using tipster sheets, long distancetelephone solicitation, or extremely highpressure direct salesmanship in the distribution of securities of doubtful value. To avast number of Chicagoans it comes as asurprise to learn that there are bucket shopsoperating in their city, and good reasonthere is for their astonishment.In the first place, most of the shopssolicit customers living outside of Chicagoby the combined use of tipster sheets, specialdelivery letters, night wires and long distance phone calls. Second, the true natureof the house is never disclosed to the generalpublic until the firm folds up, and the news papers publish startling stones of tremendous losses.However, many bankers and brokersknow that these houses are operating. Someof them have actual business dealings withthe operators of bucket shops. The telephonecompany must be aware of their operations.The company requires daily payment oflong distance telephone bills by bucketshop operators, and monitors at the telephone exchange listen in to prevent sharpshooters claiming "no connection" when aprospective victim refuses to carry on theconversation. Since there is first handknowledge of the situation, it is a sad commentary on business leadership that moreaggressive efforts are not being made towardthe elimination of these houses and the protection of the investing public.One may wonder how these experiencedbucketeers are able to open up and stayin business, inasmuch as the Illinois BlueSky Law requires the investigation andregistration of all brokers and dealers insecurities. The bucketeers usually find itimpossible to secure registration for themselves, but they can with little difficultyobtain more or less respectable outsiders as"fronts," behind whom they can hide. The107io8 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEfronts may or may not be aware of the partthey play. Experienced sharpshooters(telephone solicitors) may find it difficultto obtain registration, but this is not aserious handicap because a dozen or moresharpshooters may use the name of oneregistered security salesman. Should therebe any difficulty in securing the requiredregistration, able legal counsel with highpolitical connections exert the necessarypressure at Springfield.The authorities, although fairly wellaware of the activities of these securityhouses, tell us that they are powerless toact without legal evidence of a violation ofthe Blue Sky Law, or a well-grounded complaint from a defrauded victim. Should acomplaint be filed, the "bucketeer" and thevictim are usually called in for a hearingand the hearing continued to give thebucketeer a chance to make restitution. Before the next hearing, restitution has inmost cases been made or arranged, with theagreement of course that the victim's complaint be withdrawn. The old adage "Asucker never squawks" while not a perfecttruism, is true enough to make it good business policy for the bucket shop operator topay off those who do squawk. The usual procedure in the pay-off is to create a scene inan inner office, and to feign righteous indignation that anyone should question theintegrity of the firm. The consequent embarrassment of the flustered victim tends tokeep him quiet about the whole deal.The efforts of the State's Attorney'soffice in ridding the city of bucketeers maybe judged by the action which is usuallytaken upon the receipt of a complaint. Inalmost every case the victim is asked, "Doyou want us to send this man to jail, ordo you want us to try to get your moneyback?" Naturally, the usual reply is,"Get my money back." The Blue Skydivision of the State's Attorney's office,in making reports, measures its results interms of restitutions obtained; hence,operators who make restitutions followingcomplaints, and who carry on their activitiesskilfully and subtly, can operate withoutserious molestation.1 The writer knows of a case" where a custoithe name of Myrtle Monk. Legislation that would effectively curbthe activities' of the bucketeers, would necessarily place restrictions upon other brokers;and dealers, and, consequently, organizedlobbying forces see to it that such legislationhas little chance of passage. An act givingthe State Securities Commissioner the powerto make audits of the books of brokers anddealers in securities, without notice, wouldbe strongly opposed by investment bankersand stock exchange firms, on the groundthat theirs is a private business, and suchaudits would disclose valuable marketoperations of customers to unscrupulouspoliticians. Incidentally, many fictitiouslynamed accounts established by customersfor the purpose of evading income taxes,might come to light.1Even in these times there are people whoare willing to gamble on a chance to makeeasy money. Cupidity is a permanent partof the character of most of us mortals.This peculiarity is epitomized in the oldaxiom, "Once a sucker, always a sucker."This quirk of human nature is so wellknown to the bucketeers that they consideran old, experienced "sucker-list" the mostvaluable source of victims, and, consequently, a well-used list brings the bestprice in the sucker-list market. These listsmay be purchased, or they may be built upby advertising an offer of a trial subscription to a financial journal and a free analysisof the individual's security holdings. Oftena part or the whole of a list of stockholdersof some corporation listed on the New YorkStock Exchange is circularized. It is saidthat one operator, realizing that almost anyperson will become interested in "tips," ifhe has some reasonable assurance of reliability, circulated a list of twenty thousandpersons, giving ten thousand the information that a particular stock on the exchangewould have an upward move, and to theother ten thousand the tip that the samestock would have a downward move.Obviously, ten thousand received a correcttip. The list of ten thousand who receivedcorrect information was then split, fivethousand being sent a tip that a certainstock was about to have an upward move,er opened an account for his pet monkey, underOUR BUCKETEERS 109and five thousand the word of a downwardmove in the same stock. The result wasof course, that five thousand received twosuccessive perfect tips. Repeating the process several times gave him a list of sixhundred and twenty-five people who hadbeen advised correctly five times successively. What could be more convincing?This list was now ripened for the plucking.Specialization has gonefar even in this business.There were two houseson the Street whichspecialized on Catholicpriests. The story ofone priest's experience isworth the telling. Justbefore Christmas, twoyears ago, a priest fromWest Virginia walkedinto the office of the Investor's Protective Bureau to inquire about acertain house, which hadinduced him by long distance telephone to sendin some shares of U. S.Steel stock in exchangefor a certain bond. Theofficials on the Bureaucalled the house by phone, and arrangementswere quickly made for the return of the steelstock in exchange for the bond. The priestwalked over to the firm's office, and received a most cordial greeting. A push ofone of the many buttons on the bucketeer'sdesk produced a tan-coated employee whowas instructed to bring in the steel stockput up by Father So-and-so. During apleasant conversation and after a fewholiday drinks, the bucketeer, havingnoticed the priest's shabby clothes, suggestedthat he accept a check for a hundred dollarsto purchase a new suit and a few gifts forthe folks in West Virginia. After expressing some reluctance, and, finally, signing a note to make it seem like a loan, thepriest accepted the check. Assured thathe was dealing with a real gentleman andan honest man, he decided that he wouldleave his U. S. Steel stock and take backProfessor Henriksonthe bond. However, the bucketeer wouldnot hear of this, and insisted that since thepriest had come such a distance for his stockhe must take it home with him. Just onegood victim, convinced by this priest'svouching for the integrity of this genialbroker, would more than repay the gift,and other incidental expenses. It is verylikely that the phonewires between West Virginia and Chicago werekept busy for severalweeks after this episode.The bucket shopphone room, from whichthe long distance callsemanate, is, indeed, themost colorful, romanticand secretive part of thebusiness. In the vernacular of the Street thispart of the office is calledthe "boiler-room." Various derivations of theterm have been suggested. One, that therat-a-tat of the rapid-firetelephone exhortations ofthe sharpshooters are areminder of rivet hammers. Another, morelogical, perhaps, arises from the atmosphericcondition of the room. In order that passers-by may not learn of the distribution technique of the firm, the room is kept as soundproof as possible. This necessitates closingtransoms, doors and windows tightly. During hot summer days, the stifling heat forcesthe perspiring sharpshooters to strip toundershirts and endure air conditions comparable with those found in an honest-to-goodness, respectable boiler-room. Theseboiler-rooms vary from four to twentyphone capacity. Operations are directedby a "school-master," who has a keyboard on his desk, permitting him tolisten in on each wire. A visit to one roomin Chicago disclosed a novel arrangement.Each phone was equipped with two receivers. It was explained that two mindswere better than one, and that by matchingvoices, two men could work on the sameno THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEvictim. The carefully composed telephonesales talks are marvels of ingenuity. Thefirst question directed to the prospectivecustomer elicits an obvious affirmativeanswer. The victim is kept on the "yes"track until the closing question is asked,and it is really astonishing how frequently acommitment is obtained. Five minutes isconsidered the outside limit for the expertsharpshooter to close a deal.It must be explained that such marveloussalesmanship would be impossible withoutthe proper priming of customers with tipster sheets. The tipster sheet comes in theguise of a financial journal, championing thecause of the average investor, lambastingWall Street plutocrats, and purporting togive expert analyses of leading listed securities and market conditions. GeorgeGraham Rice's Wall Street Iconoclast, inspite of its ironic name, was a classic. Afterthe "free-trial" subscriber has received afew issues of a sheet an exceptional opportunity is hinted at in its columns.Shortly thereafter, a special delivery letteradvises the immediate purchase of a securitylisted on some obscure exchange whereprices may be manipulated to suit the purposes of the bucketeer. In some cases, however, it may be a security listed on the NewYork or Chicago stock exchange. The editor charitably offers to take commitments,or suggests a firm through which orders maybe executed. Should this solicitation failto bring results, a night-wire urges hastein making a commitment. Should no response be forthcoming within a day or two,the boiler-room experts get the "subscriber"on the phone. The speaker is of course the"editor" himself. The boiler-room is fullof editors, all having the same name.Should a reluctant victim live in the cityin which the office is located, the last resortof the sharpshooter is to invite him to comedown to the office to meet the speaker faceto face. If the invitation is accepted, thestage is set for him. A clean cut, typicallyAmerican business man welcomes the victimin a lavishly furnished office. Here thefinishing touches are applied.It was mentioned above that bucket shopssometimes distribute securities listed on the leading stock exchanges. When this occursthere is usually an interesting story backof these operations. The most extensiveand most notorious operation of this kindwas the well known Advance-Rumley case.In one instance of this sort, a director of alarge corporation had advance notice thatthe earnings report of his firm would bedisappointing, and that dividends wouldprobably be passed. Liquidating his holdings in the open market would depress pricesconsiderably on the exchange. In order toprevent, a large loss as a consequence ofdumping his holdings, an option agreementwas entered into with a bucket shop, andthe director's holdings of his corporation'sstock were distributed directly by the tipster sheet-letter-wire-phone combination,this preventing any appreciable effect on themarket. A few weeks later, when news ofthe action taken in the meeting of thedirectors was released, a severe break occurred in that particular stock.Another case was that of the chairmanof the board of a large corporation, whosepersonal bank loan margins became impairedduring the sustained market decline in 1931.He resorted to making a deal with a notorious operator to distribute his securitiesdirect in order to prevent any further impairing of his margins through liquidationof his collateral by the bank in a weakmarket. The deal was, of course, perfectlylegitimate, but could hardly be consideredwholesomely ethical.Another practice, commonly employed byChicago bucket shops, is known as "switching." After priming customers for a fewweeks, by means of tipster sheets, they aretipped off on a pool operation, purported tobring about an upward move in some leading listed security. It should be noted herethat Chicago houses are not as extravagantin the use of tipster sheets as the New Yorkand Boston bucket shops. The daily marketletters and weekly financial reviews are themost popular forms in vogue at the presenttime. Never-the-less, the customer is always adequately "prepared" for the sharpshooter. Should the customer place anorder for the listed security suggested forquick profit, the deal is in most casesOUR BUCKETEERS innegotiated on a narrow margin, and aconfirmation of the purchase is mailedor sent out by messenger. The order israrely if ever actually executed on theexchange. If the stock has an upwardmove, the customer receives a call, suggesting that he sell and take his profit inorder to get in on a new and much hotter tipthan the first. If the customer buys, he findshimself the possessor of some little-knownand practically worthless security, out ofwhich the bucketeer has taken a tremendous distributor's profit. Should the listedstock "purchased," have a downward move,the operator gets his profit in "bucketing,"that is, no stock having been actually purchased for the customer, the ostensible lossincurred by him is a profit for the firm.Even though the customer insists on payinghis debit balance and taking up his stock,the bucketeer is able to buy the securitythrough a member of the exchange, and onlythe small regular broker's commission isdeducted from his profit.After the switching technique had beenexplained to a class in Business Finance,one of the students thought he had figuredout a way to beat the bucket shop operatorat his own game. This student had beenreceiving the tipster sheet of a Chicagohouse. When he was called on the phone hepretended to show a receptive , interest, butexplained that he would have to present acheck post-dated a week in advance if hewere to place an order. This was agreeable to the sharpshooter. The studentplanned to sell out within a few days if thestock had an upward move and to let thecheck go through n.s.f. in case of a downward move. Two days after receiving hisconfirmation of purchase, by messenger,(these people are wary of the postal laws)the stock had a two point rise. He calledthe house for several days, attempting toget in touch with some one to place a sellingorder, but the telephone girl said she hadno authority to take an order and the manwho took orders was always busy or not in.The clearing date for the check came due,and still the student had been unable toplace his selling order. The next day thesharpshooter called indignantly, notifying him of his n.s.f. check. Instructions weregiven to put it through again and to sellhis stock. Still no confirmation of sale,again the check bounced, and in the meantime the stock had gone down below hisconfirmation price. This time the brokerthreatened trouble. The student, somewhat shaken by his experience, went to hisinstructor for advice. The instructorlearning of the stunt, became somewhatimpatient with the student, but promisedto help him out of the jam. The housewas called on the phone, and arrangementsmade to give a messenger the check in exchange for the confirmation of purchase.The willingness of the racketeering brokerage house to settle the matter made it quiteapparent that the stock had never beenactually purchased.Another student, managing to get on asucker list, wrote a Boston house that hewas a retired minister with ten thousanddollars, which he had managed to accumulate in a life time of saving, and thathe would like advice in investing it. The"pastor," being out everytime the sharpshooter phoned from Boston, the bucketeerdecided that ten thousand dollars justifieda personal call. For two days a representative of the Boston house hung around Chicago, attempting to get in touch with the"reverend" and his ten thousand. A slipof the tongue by the maid at the student'shome sent the chagrined "airedale" (personal contact man) scurrying back to Boston.Coming back to the Chicago situation,one might conclude from what has beensaid here that little has been done to makeit difficult for bucket shops to operate.Credit must be given to the State SecuritiesCommissioner, Rupert Bippus, for hishonest attempts to keep the racketeers outof the securities business. In September oflast year, he had a list of thirty-one housesthat he suspected of crooked dealing.Several of these had their registrationscancelled by the commissioner and as aresult he was greatly embarrassed politicallyby pressure from high places. One of thosecancelled was C. L. Straus. A few daysafter cancellation, Straus disappeared, leav-112 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEing losses to investors estimated at severalmillion dollars.The Investors' Protective Bureau,financed by the Investment Bankers' Association, members of the Chicago StockExchange, and loop banks, has accumulatedvoluminous files of information on knownshady security dealers. The Bureau, underthe leadership of Mortimer C. Grover andLeonard D. Karcher, has aided thousandsof investigating investors in steering clearof crooked houses. From April i, 1929 toNovember 30, 1932, L. P. Holt and Herman Weinberg, Assistant State's Attorneysunder John A. Swanson, obtained $12,473,-125 in restitutions for credulous and trusting investors. There have been instances ofbucketeers not heeding the summons to ahearing. Wherever evidence warranted, araiding party called at the office of theimprudent broker, but rarely did they findany of the "big shots" at home. Theseraids were not without some amusing sidelights. In one case a raiding expeditionfound the man in charge of the office tobe a former employee of the telephone company, who previously had been very helpful in tipping off the State's Attorney's Officewhenever a new boiler-room was being installed. His particular duties with thetelephone company gave him this information first hand. Deciding that he might aswell profit by the knowledge garnered fromhis frequent business contacts with men inthe racket he entered it himself.While examining the layout of one house,an employee offered the information to theraiders that a certain door led into a washroom. Opening the door disclosed a boiler-room. After all, "washroom" was perhapsnot such an inept designation, as far ascustomers who had been taken for a cleaning were concerned.In spite of the continued "cleaning" ofthousands of investors, they never will learnfrom experience to deal with a member ofthe stock exchange, and, in spite of our BlueSky Laws and other agencies set up to protect the investor, bucket shops continue todefraud. It is likely that bucketeers willcontinue to "soak" the unwary investoruntil business leaders become less apatheticand demand more aggressive action on thepart of political officials.Bernard Sunny Gymnasium, an Important Unit in theUniversity's Laboratory SchoolsNew Freedom and New Responsibilitiesin CollegeBy C. S. Boucher, Dean of the CollegeDURING the troublous days of theperiod immediately following theAmerican Revolution one of the"fathers" — a leading statesman — remarked :"It takes a long time to make sovereignsout of subjects."During the current autumn, followingthe opening of the second year of our newCollege plan, some of our leading "educational statesmen" have remarked: "Weseem to have demonstrated that youngpeople of college age can be developed frompupils into scholars much more rapidly thanhas been supposed, if but given the opportunities and responsibilities both appropriateand necessary for such development."Distinguishing features of the new plan,announced two years ago and put into operation last year, are the following: theBachelor's degree requirements are statedsolely in terms of educational attainmentsmeasured by two sets of comprehensive examinations, one set at the junior-collegelevel to test primarily general education andthe other set at the senior-college level totest primarily depth of penetration in alarge yet special field of thought selectedby the student; the old lock-step, timeserving, routine requirements in terms ofcourse credits and grade points have beenabandoned ; class attendance is not required,but is voluntary on the part of the student ;the relationship between student and professor has been completely changed by divorce of the examination function (whichhas been placed in the control of a Boardof Examinations), from the instructionalfunction; four new courses, a year-coursein each of four large fields of thought- —the biological sciences, the humanities, thephysical sciences, and the social sciences —have been specially designed to serve thegeneral -education needs of the student, witha wide variety of instructional methods carefully selected and proportionated in thelight of the educational objectives to be attained ; a carefully prepared syllabus, withappropriate bibliographical citations, forevery course at the junior-college level isavailable for each student ; a faculty adviser,who is selected for each student in the lightof his educational needs and ambitions, takeshis responsibilities seriously and is ready atall times to play the role of guide, counselor, and friend.Though we did not raise our entrance requirements we hoped that the announcementof the new plan would attract a largernumber of superior students. This hope hasbeen realized. We have had more applicants for admission than ever before fromstudents who ranked in the top tenth oftheir graduating classes in excellent preparatory and high schools. The averagescore of the class entering in 1931 on ascholastic aptitude test given in FreshmanWeek was ten per cent above the averageof the three previous entering classes, andthe average of the class entering in 1932 wasas much above that of 1931. These objective evidences of superiority have pleasedus, but we have also been delighted to receive reports from instructors, from advisers, and from the physicians on ourhealth-service staff that our freshmen of thelast two years average higher as interestingand attractive personalities and averagebetter as specimens of humanity than previous classes.At the end of the first week of classeslast autumn, a student came to the professorin charge of one of the new introductorygeneral courses and said : "I have read thesyllabus, noting the bibliographical citations,and believe that I am now adequately prepared for the examination in this field.""That's interesting," said the professor,"let's talk it over together." After half anhour the professor said, "I agree with you.It would be a boring repetition and wasteof time for you to take this course. Go tovour adviser and tell him I recommend113ii4 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEthat you register for an advanced course.When the examination for the field of thiscourse that you are dropping is offered,present yourself and the chances are decidedly that you will pass it satisfactorily."He did. Under the old plan course creditswere required ; under the new plan a demonstration of achievement is the sole requirement. Thus a student can save time on hisBachelor's degree in direct ratio with theextent of his superiority.During the third week of the autumnquarter last year, when the professor incharge of the physical science course wascompleting the discussion of one unit ofwork preparatory to beginning a new unit,one of the students, speaking for several ofhis fellow-students as well as for himself,asked: "How much of this material wehave covered in this unit do we have toknow?" The professor smiled and answered : "You don't seem to get the ideaof the new plan. As far as I am concernedyou don't have to know anything. I haveno power to grant or deny you a coursecredit or a grade that counts on your degree.I and the entire instructional staff of thiscourse are available to help you in every waywe can to master as much of this field ofthought as is possible in the time at ourdisposal. We are not here to crack thewhip or hold a club over your head."In this same course tests were given atfrequent intervals during the autumnquarter, not for credit purposes, but forinstructional purposes so that students andinstructors might have indications regarding the progress made by the students toward mastery of the subject. Near the endof the term a group of students askedwhether a final examination on all the workto date would be given. The professor incharge replied: "We shall let you decide.We are not required to have an examinationon this part of our work at this time underthe new plan, though such was the requirement under the old plan. If you want suchan examination now in preparation for thecomprehensive examination, administeredby the Board of Examinations, which youwill have to take to complete the College requirements, we shall be glad to give it." A poll of the class was taken with the resultthat a large majority voted for a searching,difficult examination.Thus a class that early in the term askedhow much they had to know, later in theterm requested an examination in orderthat they might know how much they hadachieved.Class attendance on the voluntary basisunder the new plan has averaged almost exactly what it was under the old plan withattendance required. In some classes theattendance record has been higher, while inother instances lower, than under the oldplan. Attendance under the new plan seemsto be in direct ratio with the extent to whichthe students think the class period is profitable to them, while there was no such relationship under the old plan when a coursecredit was at stake. One of our facultymembers last year gave a new plan coursefor freshmen and an old plan course forsophomores ; he reported that the attendancerecord of the former class was better thanthat of the latter. A group of students,talking informally and not for publicationexpressed their attitude as follows: "Somany able and distinguished lecturers andinstructors have been provided for the freshman courses that we would no more thinkof 'cutting' a class than we would think ofthrowing away a ticket for a concert or thetheatre for which we had paid good money.If we 'cut' we are sure to miss something ofvalue to us for which we have paid a tuitionfee, and the instructors are only interestedin helping those who endeavor to help themselves."At the opening of the autumn term a yearago we kept the College library open from8:00 A.M to 10:00 P.M. During thefirst two weeks so few students used the library in the evening that we decided to closethe library at 6:00 P.M. By the end ofthe fourth week we were besieged with requests from students to open the libraryagain in the evening. By this time theyhad come to realize the extent of their responsibilities and the amount of work necessary for them to make satisfactory progress in their own education. In answerto their request we announced that as aNEW FREEDOM AND NEW RESPONSIBILITIES "5privilege to them we would keep the libraryopen until 10:00 P.M. as long as the number of patrons warranted the additional expense.In the first week of the current autumnquarter we were confronted with a libraryproblem quite different from that of a yearago: then, the problem was to get thestudents started to using the library; now,the problem is to provide enough books andenough attendants to give adequate andprompt service tothe library customers. Rush orderswere sent by telegram for morebooks, and an already strained budget had to be revised to provideadditional service.Several membersof the Faculty whonow have classescomposed largelyof second-year students have reportedwith delight thatthese students showa greater breadthand wealth ofreading, of ideas,and of general intellectual background, as a resultof their training inthe new introductory general courses, thanwas true of any previous Sophomore class.In the introductory general course in thebiological sciences, which is designed primarily to serve the needs of students in regard to general education and only secondarily to give prerequisite training for futurespecialists, ho laboratory work is required.Many of the lectures are laboratory demonstration lectures, but the students who arenot to pursue any further work in this fieldare not required to spend long hours in thelaboratory developing skills and techniquesthey will never use. Those who desire tospecialize in this field are given an intensivelaboratory training in a second-year course.Student at Work in Some of our faculty members protestedagainst denying future biologists the privilege of laboratory experience in the firstyear. Hence we arranged to provide laboratory contacts on a voluntary basis for members of the introductory class who requestedit. By the end of the third week a numberof students had expressed a desire for laboratory experience. The announcement wasthen made to the class that in answer tostudent requests, a laboratory, provided withmaterials thatwould be changedfrom week to weekto illustrate further the work ofthe course as itprogressed, wouldbe available at certain hours for allwho desired toavail themselves ofthis opportunity.About half theclass reported tothe laboratory regularly thereafter.In the socialscience course anumber of studentsexpressed a desireto have an extrameeting each weekfor discussion ofPhysics Laboratory current nationaland internationalproblems in the light of concepts and principles developed in the course. The professorin charge of the course said he would be gladto meet with all students so interested andannounced a place and time for the meeting.The attendance was surprisingly large andthe discussion by the students (with the professor acting merely as a moderator, willingto answer questions directed specifically tohim), was stimulating and of remarkablyhigh calibre. This extra curriculum activity, entirely on the voluntary basis, continued to flourish throughout the year.This year a part of our regular programfor each of the four introductory generalcourses provides special extra discussionn6 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEsections of two types: honor sections forstudents with special interests who wish todo more than the minimum necessary to facethe Board examination with safety, andtrailer training sections for students whoneed extra and special instructional assistance. For example, extra special sectionshave been provided in the Humanitiescourse for students particularly interestedin literature, art, philosophy, religion, orgovernmental institutions. Each section isconducted by the member of the instructional staff best qualified and most interestedin the particular phase of the work of thecourse to which the section is dedicated.Attendance is entirely voluntary and theresponse has been most gratifying.During the winter term last year thestudents in the Humanities course were requested to write papers on projects selectedby themselves and approved by a member ofthe instructional staff. Each project involved an intensive study of some exhibitin the Field Museum, the Art Institute, orthe Oriental Institute directly connectedwith the work of the course. The paperswere carefully corrected and commentedupon by the instructors with regard tocontent, organization, and presentation ofideas. The judgment of the instructionalstaff was that the papers were far better inquality than they believed in the autumn itwould be possible for the students to produce during their first year in college. Atthe end of the winter term a stiff, penetrating examination was given for instructionalpurposes. A large part of the examinationwas objective in character in order to eliminate subjective judgments of those whomarked the papers. Each instructor registered a guess in advance as to what theaverage score of the class would be. Whenthe papers were scored the average wasfound to be ten per cent above the highestguess of any instructor. One of the members of the staff said at the end of the firstmonth of the current quarter that the firstpapers written by the students averagedperceptibly higher in quality than the firstpapers of a year ago.Many of the lectures in the physical science course are demonstration lectures, but literally scores of supplementary demonstration exhibits and experiments which canbe operated by the. student are provided ina special museum and laboratory set up bymembers of our staff in co-operation withthe staff of the Museum of Science andIndustry. Last autumn the students wereat first slow to take advantage of this educational opportunity offered on the voluntary basis. This year the attendance hasbeen large, taxing the capacity of the rooms,from the first day the doors were opened.Last year the Freshmen were extremelyconscious that they were engaged in an experiment and for some weeks their attitudewas "show me!" The Sophomores werecontinuing on the old plan and, either froman honest skepticism or from a sour-grapesattitude, tended to ridicule the Freshmenand the new plan. And, it must be admitted, many students sensed that some instructors were none too sure of themselvesas participants in the new plan. This year,however, the Sophomores, as "old timers" atthe game, have been a most wholesome influence in guiding the new-comers in theway they should go, and the Faculty is ina position to inspire confidence in a mannerthat was impossible a year ago. Whateverthe explanation, we have all been impressedwith the celerity, eagerness, and effectiveness with which our Freshmen went to workin the opening week of the current autumnquarter.To complete the requirements for thejunior-college certificate, each student mustpass the four introductory general year-course examinations (biological science,humanities, physical science, and social science), two elective departmental sequenceexaminations, and the English compositionexamination. A student may take any orall oi the examinations at any time theyare offered. During the first year the English composition qualifying examination wasgiven each quarter, but the other examinations were not offered until the end of theacademic year. During the current yearall examinations will be offered at leasttwice. We plan to offer all examinationsfour times a year as soon as possible, probably within two or three years. Each ex-NEW FREEDOM AND NEW RESPONSIBILITIES 117amination set by the Board of Examinationsbecomes public property as soon as it hasbeen given. Copies of the syllabi preparedfor the various college courses and copiesof the examinations given in June, September, and December, 1932, are available toall who may be interested through the University of Chicago Bookstore. A normalprogram for the average student includestwo general courses and two departmentalsequences in each of the two junior-collegeyears.Each examination is conducted in twosessions, three hours in the morning andthree hours in the afternoon. Each examination is deliberately framed so that itwould be virtually impossible for any student to write a completely perfect paper.Many of us were astounded at the near approach to perfection -of the papers writtenby several students.At the first examination period, in June,1932, each of a total of 649 students electedto write from one to Hive examinations. Thetotal number of examinations taken was1699, with an average of 2.6 examinationsper student. Of the 649 students, 3 wrote5 examinations, 36 wrote 4, 361 wrote 3,208 wrote 2, and 41 wrote 1. 141 studentsfailed one examination or more, and 118received at least one "A." Of all examinations, the letter marks were distributed approximately as follows: A — 11%, B —19%,'C— 44%, D— 14%, F— 12%.The returns from the four general-courseexaminations given in June, 1932, show thatthere were 48 instances in which a studentpassed an examination after having attendedthe corresponding course only two of thethree quarters, 16 instances in which a passing student attended the respective coursefor one quarter only, and 14 instances inwhich a passing student did not attend therespective course at all. In these threegroups were 8 marks of "A" and 26 marksof "B." An impressive number of studentsalso passed departmental sequence examinations without having been registered forall or, in some instances, even part of theyear course offered to assist students in preparation for a given examination. It shouldbe remembered that this was the first oc casion the examinations were offered. Weexpect the number who will avail themselvesof this opportunity to demonstrate achievement by examination rather than coursecredit to increase in the current and succeeding years. We know that a number ofstudents, encouraged to do so by their advisers, spent much of the summer, thoughout of residence, in preparation for examinations given in September. The returnsfrom these September examinations showthat there were 11 instances of studentspassing an examination after having attended the corresponding course only two ofthe three quarters, 6 instances of one quarterattendance, and 25 instances in which apassing student did not attend the corresponding course at all. Of these threegroups of students 9 received marks of "A"and 10 received marks of "B."A few high schools have already begun toguide their superior students preparing foradmission to the University of Chicago notonly so that they may meet our admissionrequirements but may also anticipate someof our junior-college requirements and byexaminations at admission or shortly thereafter satisfy some of these requirements.This we encourage the high schools andtheir better students to do. We anticipatethat many of our best students, having beenwisely guided through their high-schoolcourses, may earn our junior-college certificate in one year or even less than a year incollege, progress at once into the upper divisions of their choice, and there in turnsave more time in ratio with the degree oftheir superiority. Last June one student,after having been in residence only onequarter, wrote four examinations and received two marks of "B" and two of "C."The passing mark is "D." Honors andscholarships are awarded for superior performance in the examinations. Our academic mortality rate (students dismissed forunsatisfactory work) was no higher lastyear than in the previous three years.Under the old plan the term "studentactivities" was applied to athletics, socialaffairs, dramatics, publications — activitiesin which only students were primarily con^cerned; the pursuit of knowledge andn8 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEscholarship was regarded as a "facultyactivity," one in which only faculty members were primarily concerned. Under thenew plan, with students attending classesvoluntarily and not under compulsion, withstudents asking for examinations, withstudents asking to have the library openlonger hours, with students asking for theprivilege of laboratory experience and training, with students asking for extra discussion group meetings, with students seekingmore individual tutorial conferences withinstructors than ever before in spite ofknowing that the instructor awards neithercourse credit nor grade points, it seems thatthe pursuit of knowledge and scholarship isbecoming a major "student activity." Notall of the traditional "student activities" ofthe extra-curriculum variety are going todie a natural death in the face of this newcompetition for student time and interest,but there is evidence already that some ofthem will die unless they can be revampedin character so that each will have something really worth while to contribute to*the participant's educational experience.The extra-curriculum activities in best position to offer an educational appeal worthyof student interest and participation at thepresent time seem to be the dramatic association, the symphony orchestra, and the publications.Needless to say, not all of our freshmenprospered educationally from the very beginning of their experience under the newplan. During the autumn quarter of thefirst year approximately fifty per centsucceeded in getting well oriented into theirnew life with its new responsibilities andwere happier, more exhilarated, and moreenthusiastic than was true of so large agroup under the old plan. During thewinter another twenty-five per cent gotsatisfactorily adjusted and joined the ranksof the contented and enthusiastic. Thespring quarter had to tell the story for theremaining twenty-five per cent, because atthe end of the year those who had not beenable to demonstrate that they could workwith sufficient profit to themselves in theprogrom we offer, either because of lack ofability or lack of proper motivation, would have to be denied the privilege of returningfor further work next year, in fairness tothemselves and to us. When the time ofreckoning came it was found that only approximately five per cent had to be told thatthey could not return for work in residenceuntil they had demonstrated that they couldand would profit thereby. A few of theseindividuals studied faithfully during thesummer and reinstated themselves inSeptember by passing one or more comprehensive examinations that they had failed inJune.Under the old plan our faculty memberswere distressed by the disgracefully largeproportion of students who seemed to beinterested only in "beating the game." Eachstudent had to accumulate the same numberof course credits for a degree. Each coursewas too frequently regarded merely as oneof a long series of little games, the objectof each game being to beat the instructorout of a credit with a grade high enoughto have it count as one of the mystic numberrequired for a degree. Many a studentseemed to think that if he could beat thegame, acquire the necessary credits for adegree, and at the same time resist all effortsmade on his behalf to have him acquire aneducation, the joke was on the institution.The students were not to blame for developing such an attitude; the system was responsible.In recent years students in steadily increasing numbers registered their disgustwith the system. The development andinauguration of our new plan was the resultof student dissatisfaction as well as facultydisgust with the old plan. More and morefrequently in recent years students said:"Don't ask us to be, and don't reward usfor being, merely good sponges and parrots ;don't tell us everything and don't do all ourthinking for us; give us fewer petty tasks;give us more formidable and more significant objectives and goals; give us helpfulguidance and assistance as we may need it,but give us also more freedom, independence, and responsibility for our own educational development."Many of us have long held a belief thatPresident Lowell of Harvard recentlyNEW FREEDOM AND NEW RESPONSIBILITIES 119stated most aptly as follows: "Maturity isby no means wholly a matter of years; itdepends much more on environment, andabove all on responsibility. A youth whoenters college at nineteen and is treated likea schoolboy matures less rapidly than onewho enters at seventeen and is treated likea man." Our experience of last year hasdone much to strengthen our belief in thisbasic point of departure.The percentage of last year's Freshmenwho returned this autumn is larger thanthe percentage of returning Sophomores theyear before. Since we know that the percentage who, due to the depression, wereprevented by financial difficulties from returning this autumn is larger than in previous years, it would seem that morestudents are satisfied with their educationalprogress under the new plan than underthe old plan.Providing what we believe to be a conducive environment, and placing on thestudent what we believe to be an appropriately increased degree of responsibilitytogether with adequate provision for guidance and instructional assistance for eachstudent to the extent of his need and desire,we have found that students are capableof maturing at a rate and to a degree abovethat of the presumption on which the oldplan was administered. They not onlyassume increased responsibilities successfully, but they enjoy doing so. There hasbeen a decided change for the better inmotivation.The design and administration of a program that gives to students greater freedomand greater responsibilities in the pursuit oftheir own education has involved an immense amount of critically thoughtful effort and continuous hard work on the part ofthe Faculty. The determination of educational objectives, the determination of thecontent and the preparation of a printedsyllabus for each course offered, the selection and administration of the most appropriate instructional methods combined ineach course in the ratios best suited to theattainment of desired educational results,the preparation of examinations that arevalid and reliable measures of the educational achievement of the student — all ofthese considerations and activities havenecessitated an amount of time, effort, skilland even genius on the part of facultymembers that can be brought forth onlyfrom among a Faculty that is adequatelyqualified and is, above all, capable ofdeveloping an enthusiasm for effective instruction that is virtually a burning missionary zeal.During last summer the syllabi wererevised, new editions were printed, and theinstructional plans were made for this year'sprogram in the light of last year's experiences. Last year's freshman classfurnished the "guinea pigs" for an educational experiment that has proved extremelyexhilarating to those of us conducting theexperiment and to the "guinea pigs" as well.Indeed the "guinea pigs" so* thrived underthe experiment that our original faith inthe soundness of the basic principles of thenew plan has been converted into a conviction that we are on the right track. Webegan our second year with many of ourfears and reservations eliminated and withour enthusiasm strengthened by the satisfaction of having attained a degree of successeven greater than we dared hope would bepossible.^ (The University of Chicago Magazine is indebted to Mr. J. Spencer Dickerson, Editor of theUniversity Record, for permission to publish this report by Dean Boucher.)Business Administration — The NewProfessionBy J. F. Pyle, Ph.B. '17, A.M. '18, Ph.D. '25WHETHER we agree with Dr.Lowell of Harvard that business isthe oldest of the arts and theyoungest of the professions, or accept Dr.Flexner's opinion that business is not a profession and never was an art, we may agreethat business executives would administertheir respective firms and departments moresatisfactorily if they were properly trained.It is evident that a large number pf youngmen and women desire to enter the field ofbusiness. An increasingly large number ofbusiness leaders wish to secure replacementsfor their ranks from college graduates.The more important executive positionsin business require men trained to think interms of modern business problems. Theyoung business executives of the present andof the future must not only possess a comprehensive and intimate grasp of the meaning of detail, but they must be able also tolook beyond and through the detail to thebroader principles as they affect all businesspolicies, organizations, and practices. Theymust be able to look to the future as wellas to the present, and be mentally alert toanticipate and prepare for approachingchanges in social, political, and economicconditions.A portion of the training for executivepositions might be received in the gradedschools, high schools, and in colleges; another portion should be received on the job.We shall confine ou? interest for the present to that part of the training which maybe received at the college level.Perhaps before we proceed further weshould answer the question, What is meantby the term business? I know of no betterdefinition than that submitted a few yearsago by former Dean Marshall.Business is a pecuniary scheme of gratifying human wants, and, properly understood,falls little short of being as broad, as inclusive, as life itself, in its motives, aspirations, and social obligations. It falls littleshort of being as broad as all science in itstechniques. If we accept this statement we are forcedto the inevitable conclusion that collegiatetraining on a broad basis in the fields ofthe natural sciences, political science, economics, and law; in the administrative aspects of production, marketing, finance, andlabor; and in the technique of internal executive control is desirable. Recent changesin social, political, and economic conditionsthroughout the world have created a need,as never before, for broadminded and well-trained managerial talent. A nation whosevery existence depends upon industry musthave thoughtful and skillful business leadership. The sad results of inability and indifference in business administration are somuch in evidence at the present time thatlittle argument is needed to convince anyserious minded citizen of the necessity forexpert management — for the professional-ization of business administration.Doubtless we should next establish acommon undertanding as to what is meantby the term profession. The idea I have inmind is well expressed by that eminent English educator, Dr. James A. Bowie, in thefollowing words :What are the distinguishing marks of aprofession? In the first place, it must bean occupation demanding attainments inspecial knowledge, as distinct from mereknack or skill, and that knowledge mustbe classified and on record, and must requirecontinuous study for its attainment. In thesecond place, it must possess a technique ofutilization to practical affairs, as distinctfrom mere study and research. But a vocation may possess these qualities and stilllack professional status. A profession implies a sense of group solidarity, the establishment of a code of ethics and etiquette, arequirement of special training and a test offitness, the free and open imparting of newknowledge to the group, and a motive ofservice to the community.The emphasis placed on the technique ofoperation by scientific management, the newstudy of human relations in business, theorganization of business on a functional120BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION— THE NEW PROFESSION 121basis, the growing consciousness of socialproblems, and the trend toward separationof management from ownership, all leadtoward the belief that business managementcan be professionalized. If it can be professionalized it is believed that it can betaught. The general principles of production, marketing, finance, human relations, transportation, insurance, real estatepractice, and executive control can be andare being taught in collegiate schools ofbusiness. Experience, which is an essentialcomplement to education in the principlesof management, should be secured on the jobthrough some form of purposeful internship.Managing a business enterprise, whetherprivate or public, requires as high a degreeof intelligence and as careful a training asany of the universally recognized professions.The colleges of business administrationcan make a worthwhile contribution to theprofession of management if they succeed indeveloping a technique of business administration. The curriculum should be constructed around a hub of essential social,political, economic, and business facts andprinciples. The prospective business manager should profit from an understanding ofthe social significance of past and presentpolitical and economic organizations, policies, and practices. These should not, however, be studied in an unrelated manner tounderlying hypotheses and theories. Theseabstractions should be tested constantlyagainst the realities of economic facts. Thispractice will tend to prevent the hoped-forprofessional training from degenerating intoa mere vocational course.Our educational objectives should not become crystallized. They must be continually tested and revised. Our curriculummust then be so adapted as to aid the studentto attain the objectives in the most effective manner. Our methods of operating thecurriculum will need to be changed accordingly so that it can effectively assist inleading the student to the established objectives.Education and training alone do not, ofcourse, insure success in this new profession.Certain personal qualities, such as nativeintelligence, common sense, resourcefulness,reliability, and the ability to work and getalong with other people are likewise necessary.The students, however, are entitled to expect the collegiate schools of business toaid them in preparing themselves for useful lives ; to guide them in thinking in termsof their own times; and to assist them indeveloping their inherent mental aptitudesand powers.The curriculum in business managementshould not be regarded as a means of securing a bag of business tricks or as a short roadto a set of cut-and-dried methods. The aimshould be to produce potential businessleaders with broad interests rather thanhighly technical specialists — men trained todiscover business problems and able to applyaccepted scientific method to their solution.The student should be led to cultivate hisability to collect pertinent business facts,analyze them conscientiously, interpret themhonestly, and to draw his conclusions therefrom in a strictly unbiased manner. Heshould be led to develop the habit of orderlythinking, of suspended judgment, and of adetached and impartial attitude toward allproblems; to search for causes; to establish the relation between causes and results, and subsequently formulate principlesof organization, policies, and procedure.If and when this ideal is attained, theoldest of the arts can unhesitatingly take itsplace as the youngest of the professions.gp*g®&%s®&®The Quadrangles Have a Special Charm in Winter Quarter.The Chapel (i), Hull Gate (2), and Ryerson (3) take on new be'auty with the snow.The Bank in BasleBy Alice Benning Darlington, '29THE casual visitor to Basle might wellwonder why so important an institution as the Bank for InternationalSettlements should have been placed here.There are, however, several reasons whythis town was chosen. First of all, it isan important railroad center, as easy ofaccess to the North Europeans, Germansand Scandinavians as it is to people fromItaly and the Balkans. Secondly, in viewof the fact that the League of Nations issituated in French speaking Geneva itseemed only just compensation that theBank should be placed in a German speaking town, and in this respect Basle, situated equally close to the German and Frenchfrontiers was satisfactory to all concerned.One might also mention that it is one ofthe few Swiss towns whose name can bespelled in three different ways — Basle forthe English, Basel to please the Germans,and Bale to satisfy the French, — the political significance of which is obvious. Finally, but by no means the least importantconsideration, Basle is a town wholly lacking in any definite political or financialcharacter.It would be presumptuous to describe aSwiss town— many of them being so wellknown to travellers — were it not for thefact that Basle is not a tourist stoppingplace, in spite of its central location and itsprofusion of railroads. It is merely usedas a platform on which to change trains forsome more scenic spot. But since the Bankhas been placed here, a number of foreigners, like myself, have had to look at itnot only from the point of view of tourists,but of residents.Basle is a sober little town. Aside fromthe atrocious pink and green uniforms of itspolicemen, the inevitable Swiss windowboxes full of geraniums, and an occasionalblue or yellow house, the local color is gray.Although the second largest city in Switzerland, and one of the oldest, it seems to becompletely out of the world. The languageof the Baslers is unintelligible to any and all foreigners. It is presumably German, butthe Germans themselves cannot understandit — and the rest of us wonder how any man-made sounds can be so ugly. There are twokinds of Basler Deutsch, low — as spokenin the shops — and high, as aristocrats speakit, but it all sounds the same to us. Because their language is so local, the Baslershave had to learn some German, French andeven English. Were it not for this, someof us would have starved long ago!In point of location, however, Basle isthe hub of Europe — and in common withmost hubs, is the only part which neverseems to move. Situated on the Rhine,where the river turns from the west to thenorth, it has always been an important trading town. Centuries ago, it was used as astopping place on the north side of the Alps,in commerce between cities of North Italyand the Hanseatic League.Culturally, Basle boasts of a University,in which Erasmus and Nietzche havetaught ; a symphony orchestra conducted byWeingartner, a man equally famous forbeing a fine musician and having had sevenwives ; the largest collection of Holbeins inexistence and a Stadtheater. Notwithstanding these "attractions" it has been necessaryfor the foreigners in the Bank to make theirown life here, culturally and socially. Withthe variety of nationalities represented, ithas been an interesting and amusing experience, particularly from the wife's pointof view. The men in the Bank have hadat least their work in common, but thewomen have had not even a common language. We all went through somewhatdifficult times, at first, calling on each other,giving teas and dinners in broken French,German and English.The Bank for International Settlementswas founded by the Central Banks of Belgium, England, France, Germany and Italy,a group of fourteen Japanese banks (insteadof the Bank of Japan, which was preventedfrom so doing by its statutes), and a groupof three American banks (instead of the123124 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEFederal Reserve Bank of New York) . TheFirst National Bank of Chicago was oneof the American group. The foundingbanks, and the Japanese and Americanbanking groups, were each allotted 16,000shares of the capital of the B.I.S. Up tothe present the Central Banks of nineteenother countries have been invited to becomemembers of the B.I.S. by subscribing to itscapital, so that now Portugal, Spain, andTurkey, whose currencies have not yet beenlegally stabilized, are the only Europeancountries whose Central Banks have notbecome members of the Bank. The onlycountries represented outside of Europe arestill Japan and the United States.The General Assembly of the Bank, towhich all of the member banks send delegates, meets in Basle in May of each year.The Board of Directors must, however,meet nine times a year. The Governor ofeach of the founding Central Banks isex-officio a member of the Board and eachhas a right to name a second member of hisown nationality, and France and Germanyhave each, up to the present, had the rightto name a third. The founding CentralBanks have, therefore, sixteen directors onthe Board of the B.I.S. and these sixteenhave elected three additional directors fromthe Governors of the Central Banks whichhave since become members. Those chosenwere the Governors of the Central Banksof the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland.The American members of the Board areMr. Gates W. McGarrah and Mr. LeonFraser. At the first meeting of the Boardin 1930 Mr. McGarrah was elected to be •its Chairman, a position which he hasfilled with eminent distinction since thattime.In addition to their functions as members of the Board of Directors, Mr. McGarrah and Mr. Fraser are the two chiefexecutive officers of the Bank, holding theranks of President and Alternate to thePresident, respectively. Of the five otherexecutive officers, the General Manager is a Frenchman, the Assistant General Manager a German, the Secretary General anItalian, the other two being an Englishmanand a Belgian. Each of the founding countries has a national among the executiveofficers with the exception of Japan.There are twenty-seven officials in theBank, and they, with the exception of twoAustrians and one Swede, have been chosenamong nationals of the founding countries.Since the Hoover Moratorium and theLausanne Conference, the work of the Bankin connection with Reparations has practically ceased. While the B.I.S. was created primarily to deal with Reparations, itwas the hope of its founders that it wouldgradually become and carry out the functions of a true international bank for Central Banks. With this end in view, theystated in the statutes of the Bank that oneof its objects was: "to promote the cooperation of central banks and to provide additional facilities for international financialoperations; and to act as trustee or agent inregard to international financial settlementsentrusted to it under agreements with theparties concerned."Unfortunately the Bank has had no fair-weather years such as the League of Nations had to become used to the World andaccomplish its first growth. It was born inMay, 1930, when the Depression was getting under way, and now before it has hadtime even to be weaned, its baby-milk, Reparations has been taken away. It is stillalive, and perhaps for that it should bethankful, but cynics have been heard to saythat it appears rather sickly for want ofnourishment. Having accomplished butlittle in its short and troubled existence, itcannot, like the League, live through thesebad times on fat stored up in the past. Wereit allowed to die, the long and painfullabour with which it was brought into thisworld would have been for naught. It ison these grounds that are based its claims tolive for the present. Its hope for the future,like that of any baby, lies in what it maylater be taught to do.The Autumn Alumni AssemblyA CAPACITY crowd filled the beautiful auditorium of InternationalHouse on the evening of December7, when over five hundred alumni gatheredtogether for the Autumn Alumni Assembly.Aside from the dazzling display of beautyand brains always to be expected at suchan affair, the mere numbers present wereimpressive to those who realized that theyhad been summoned by one notice appearing in the University of Chicago Magazine, and that no general invitation to non-members of the Alumni Association wasissued.Although there was no charge for admission, tickets were distributed by the AlumniOffice, upon request, so that it is possible toassure all those readers of the Magazinewho could not attend, that the Assemblywas truly an alumni affair.Mr. Bruce W. Dickson, Director ofInternational House, generously made itpossible for those who wished the privilegeto have dinner served at reserved tables inthe Dining Room. Nearly a hundred werethus enabled to enjoy reunions with specialgroups of friends before the program forthe evening started.And what a program it was! Fourcontinents contributed entertainers for anInternational hors d'oeuvre, preceding VicePresident Woodward, the speaker of theevening, who told the merriest and mostdelightful of traveler's tales about hisjourneyings in Asia of last year.As the guests assembled in the beautifully appointed theatre and were usheredto their seats by foreign students, residentsof the House, clad in colorful native dress,they were entertained by the music ofthe Russian Balalaika Quartet. At eight-fifteen, Harry R. Swanson, Chairman ofthe Alumni Council Committee on Meetings, made a brief speech of welcome, bywhich he won the title of the meanest manin the world, for saying that he had driventhree hundred miles to get to the Assembly,without telling his interested audiencewhere he had been! Disregarding thisnatural curiosity, he introduced the mem bers of the Balalaika Quartet, Messrs.Hudiakovsky, Malahovsky, Gribanovskyand Grech, who presented several charmingRussian folk songs.Next Rodolfo Cornejo, Philippine composer and pianist, played two of his owncompositions, which so pleased the audiencethat he was obliged to give an encorebefore the show could go on.At this point Chairman Swanson explained the meaning of the Maori TribalWar Dance to be given by Eric Rule, atpresent a student at the Chicago Theological Seminary, and a native of NewZealand. Mr. Swanson declined to pronounce the name of the dance, however,and who wouldn't? Mr. Rule calls it"Haka O Te Kupu Arawa." It was avery startling affair involving a grass skirtand some threatening sounding, thoughperfectly unintelligible, remarks in Maori.As a special treat the audience was thenprivileged to see the Chinese play, "ThePassing of the Kwongs," the brief dramawhich "stopped the show" at the recentChicago Carnival of Nations. The performance at the Alumni Assembly was thesecond presentation of the play in thiscountry. Mr. Luther Green of International House coached the production, andseveral of the performers are students atthe University. It was especially appropriate, too, for it introduced to the audiencesome interesting ideas familiar in the orient,but rather strange to the West.After one more group of Balalaika numbers, Vice President Woodward regaledthe assembly with an account of his travelsin the Orient, as a member of a Laymen'sCommission, making a survey of foreignmissions. Mr. Woodward saw a numberof things besides missions, however, andhis adventures were numerous and diverting. It was particularly interesting to hearof his impressions of the situation in Indiaand in China.Although the alumni acted as thoughthey would have been perfectly happy tosit and listen to Mr. Woodward as longas he would talk, the meeting was ad-125126 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEjourned to the lounge, shortly after teno'clock, so that there was ample opportunityfor the guests to chat with friends and seethe House. The following alumnae members of the Council acted as hostesses : Mrs.Olive H. Chandler, Miss Gladys Finn,Miss Elizabeth Faulkner, Miss EleanorGoltz, Mrs. Portia Carnes Lane, MissHelen Norris, Dr. Marie Ortmayer, andMrs. Margaret Haass Richards.Not the least interesting thing on theprogram was Chairman Swanson's announcement that the widespread interest inthe Autumn Alumni Assembly had convinced the Committee on Meetings thatthis was the type of affair that the alumniwanted, and therefore it could be consideredthe first of a series of gatherings, "simplebut interesting, elegant but economical."Announcement of the Winter Quarteraffair will be made in the University ofChicago Magazine in an early issue.Among those who made reservations atthe Autumn Alumni Assembly were thefollowing :Olga Adams, '24, Minnie Agazin, '30, T.George Allen, Ph.D. '15, Mary S. Allen, '30,Josephine T. Allin, '99, W. France Anderson,'99, Harold A. Anderson, '24, A.M. '26, AliceAtwood, A.M. '30, Charles F. Axelson, '06, Mrs.William Bachrach, '09, Arthur A. Baer, '18, Clarence A. Bales, '09, J.D. 5n, Morton Barnard,'26, J.D. '27, Carol Barnes, '24, Edward J.Barrett, J.D. '30, George W. Bartelmez, Ph.D.'io, Benson L. Baskin, '21, Wilbur L. Beau-champ, A.M. '23, Ph.D. '30, Charlton T. Beck,'04, Chester S. Bell, '13, J.D. '15, Edith Benjamin, '28, Harry Benner, 'icy Simon Benson,'25, S.M. '29, Ph.D. '31, Hazel Bishop, LesterF. Blair, ex, '25, Louis Bathman, '15, M.D. '17,Amy Bradshaw, '28, Marian T. Brazelton, '31,J. Harlen Bretz, Ph.D. '13, Rhea Brennwasser,'26, J.D. '28, Rose Brennwasser, '24, MiriamBrennwasser, '26, Alice Brimson, A.M. '27,Dolores M. Brockett, '03, Harry Brodie, '31,Aaron J. Brumbaugh, A.M. '18, Ph.D. '29,Jessie L. Brumsey, '04, Anton B. Burg, '27, S.M.'28, Ph.D. '31, Eleanor Burgess, '20, Prof. E.W. Burgess, Ph.D. '13, Helen K. Burns, '25,Margaret H. Byrne, '10, Tracy Calkins, '32,Ella J. Campbell, '20, Eleanor J. Carman, '20,Florence Carman, A.M. '26, Leon Carnovsky,Ph.D. '32, Faith Carroll, '13, Spencer W. Castle,ex, '22, Mrs. Olive Hull Chandler, ex, Mrs.Fred A. Clark, '25, Mrs. Emsley A. Cluton, '02,Arthur C. Cody, '24, Evangeline Colburn, '25,Edith Collom, '28, Robert Colwell, '32, MildredConner, ex, Merle Coulter, '14, Ph.D. '19, Henri David, '02, A.M. '05, George B. Davis, '22, A.M.'24, D.B. '25, Mrs. Joseph Davis, '29, GeorgeV. Deal, '23, James E. Dean, Ph.D. '30, ArthurL. Demond, '21, Bruce W. Dickson, A.M. '16,John C. Dinsmore, 'n, Laura B. Donaldson,'22, Lester R. Dragstedt, S.M. '16, Ph.D. '20,Minnie Dunwell, '06, Newton Edwards, Ph.D.'23, Evalina Ehrmann, '17, M.D. '21, FranklinD. Elmer, Jr., B.D. '30, Mrs. Franklin D. ElmerJr., '27, Bertha Ellman, '32, Ruth Earnshaw,'31, Scott V. Eaton, S.M. '13, Ph.D. '20, EstherEspenshade, '29, A.M. '31, Mary Espenshade,'27, Thurlow G. Essington, J.D. '08, Mrs. Thurlow G. Essington, '08, James M. Evans, '19,Miriam Libby Evans, '17, George Fairweather,'07, J.D. '09, Eunice Fassett, '17, ElizabethFaulkner, '85, Beatrice Feingold, '28, EmeryFilbey, '17, A.M. '20, Gladys Finn, '24, AlbertJudson Fisher, '76, Wallace C. Fisher, D. JeromeFisher, '17, S.M. '20, Ph.D. '22, Susanne Fisher,'14, Mrs. Mussie Fogel, '15, Winfield Foster,'29, Emily A. Frake, '09, Fannie Frank, '27, O.D. Frank, '19, S.M. '23, Hortense Friedman,'22, George D. Fuller, S.M. '12, Ph.D. '14,Helen Gardner, '01, A.M. '17, Milton Gerwin,'26, J.D. '28, Mrs. Milton Gerwin, '26, J. W.E. Glattfield, Ph.D. '14, Eleanor Goltz, '29,A.M. '30, Benedict Goodman, '13, WalterGrover, S.M. '28, M.D. Cert. '30, Carl Grabo,'03, Mrs. Emmet J. Graham, '09, William S.Gray, '13, Ph.D. '16, L. M. Graves, A.M. '20,Ph.D. '24, Robert E. Graves, '98, M.D '07,Angeline L. Graves, '98, Wesley Gfeen, AliceGreenacre, '08, J.D. 'n, Olive Greensfelder,'16, Helen Gunsaulus, '08, Taylor Gurney, '21,John F. Hagey, '98, Thomas Hair, '03, William B. Harrell, A.M. '25, Frances Howard,'26, Evelyn Halliday, '15, S.M. '22, Ph.D. '29,Joyce Harris, Isabel Hazlitt, '17, Frank C.Hecht, '12, Ada Hess, '30, Mrs. Susan S. High,'07, Mrs. Marcus A. Hirschl, '10, Charles T.Holman, '16, Phyllis Fay Horton, '15, Earl D.Hostetter, '07, J.D. '09, Dr. Harry L. Huber,'13, M.D. '18, S.M. '16, Ph.D '17, ElizabethJacobson, '28, Lenore John, A.M. '27, Earl Johnson, '25, Wellington D. Jones, '08, Ph.D. '14,Mrs. John Jordan, '24, Edwin P. Jordan, '23,M.D. '28, Louis E. Kahn, '20, Zelma Karmsen,'13, Agness J. Kaufman, '03, Ed.B. '05, EthelKawin, '11, A.M. '25, Hiram Kennicott, '13,Mrs. Hiram Kennicott, '13, J. C. Kennan, '28,F. A. Kingsbury, Ph.D. '20, S. H. Krom, '21,W. D. Krupke, ex, '19, Mrs. W. D. Krupke,ex, '08, Arthur Lake, ex, '10, Mrs. F. HowardLane, '08, Mary Latham, '29, Frances Lauren,'18, J. Alton Lauren, ex, '19, Ruth Stagg Lauren,'25, Harvey B. Lemon, '06, S.M. 'n, Ph.D. '12,Simeon E. Leland, Ph.D. '26, Lyndon Lesch,'17, Major F. L. Lothrop, ex, '08, Mrs. HenryJ. Lottmann, '13, Hannah Logasa, '21, Virgil C.Lohr, A.M. '28, Arno B. Luckhardt, '06, S.M.'09, Ph.D. '11, M.D. '12, A. C. Lunn, A.M.'00, Ph.D. '04, William H. Lyman, '14, RobertLysle, '28, Mildred Lysle, '26, S.M. '27, MauriceIN MY OPINION 127Mandeville, '02, Herbert Markham, ex, '06,William Mathews, '06, E. Anita Meinders, '27,N. A. Merriam, ex, '09, Violet Millis, '05, G.S. Monk, '15, Ph.D. '23, Mrs. G. S. Monk,'13, Mrs. Donald L. Moody, A.M. '17, HowardH. Moore, J.D. '22, William V. Morgenstern,'20, J.D. '22, Charles W. Morris, Ph.D. '25, RuthC. Mosser, '21, John F. Moulds, '07, Mary M.Muldoon, '30, C. Ray Murphy, '29, M. FaithMcAuley, S.M. '18, Samuel MacClintock, '96,Ph.D. '08, Mrs. Charles E. McGuire, '22, GeorgeB. McKibbin, J.D. '13, Dr. A. M. McMahon,Ph.D. '27, Alma H. Naset, '31, Bertram J.Nelson, Jr., '31, Frances Nelson, '29, BertramG. Nelson, '02, Nelson H. Morgen, '14, H. H.Newman, Ph.D. '05, Helen Norris, '07, SarahO'Brien, '27, S.M. '32, Laura Oftedal, '30, Mrs.Elmer W. Olson, '25, Dr. Marie Ortmayer, '06,M.D. '17, Arthur F. Otte, '31, Dorothy Oxley,'28, Dorothy Dix, '28, Mary Holonbek, '28, Bertha M. Parker, '14, S.M. '22, Leslie Pape, Ph.D.'30, Helen Parker, 'n, Clarence Parmenter,'11, Ph.D. '21, Ida B. DePencier, '29, HelenPerlis, '31, B. M. Pettit, '06, Gilman W. Pettit,M.D. '01, E. Marie Plapp, '19, S.M. '20, TrumanS. Potter, '22, M.D. '27, Malcolm Proudfoot,'29, S.M. '31, Ernst W. Puttkammer, J.D. '17,Lillie Quiriconi, Margaret H. Richards, A.M.'32, Kenneth A. Rouse, '28, Hannah Rosenstein,'23, Theodore Rubovits, '09, J.D. '10, C. M.Rademacher, '12, Ella Ruebhausen, Ph.D. '15,THE only praiseworthy contributionof advertising to modern civilizationwould seem to be its studies, madeunder economic pressure, of the habits ofvarious strata of the contemporary public.For instance, it is not without interest to thestudent of American culture that 74%of the negro housewives of Birmingham,Alabama, have never heard of Fels-Naphthasoap, that Harvard alumni average 2.4 children per family, Princetonians, 1.75, thatM. I. T. men smoke the most cigars, Dartmouth men drive the fewest flivvers, andthat Yale alumni own the most airplanes.The light that such studies throw on ournational reading habits is, naturally, of most Paul Russell, '16, Lillian Schlesna, '29, Elizabeth Wolff, '29, Muriel Ferguson, '29, Mrs.Grace Schmidt, '13, Kenneth C. Sears, J. D.'15, Albert W. Sherer, '06, Lorraine Sinton, '22,George N. Simpson, '10, Mrs. George N. Simpson, '18, Mrs. Hiram J. Smith, '19, Alice H.Smith, '08, Lester C. Smith, '18, A.M. '31,Josette Spink, '04, John M. Stalnaker, '26, A.M.'29, Elizabeth Stefanski, '30, Ernest J. Stevens,'04, Ernest S. Stevens, '29, Lillian Stevenson,A.M. '19, Mrs. G. H. Stidham, '23, A.M. '30,Grace E. Storm, '12, A.M. '17, Henry D. Sulcer,'06, Edwin H. Sutherland, Ph.D. '13, Mrs. Willis C. Sutherland, '18, Anna Svatik, '27, J.D.'29, Harry R. Swanson, '17, Harold H. Swift,'07, Mildred Taylor, '23, Ruth E. Taylor, M.D.'24, Alice Temple, Ed.B. '08, Henry M. Tib-betts, '26, John Tiernan, Jr., '32, Rollo M. Tryon,Ph.D. '15, Geneva Duvall Tuttle, '29, MinaWaggoner, '27, Oscar G. Wahlgren, '04, Caroline Walsh, '30, Mrs. Ignace E. Weiss, '17,C. A. Werner, A.M. '28, Allan D. Whitney,'13, Edna E. Williams, '31, Willis Urban, ex,'25, Mr. and Mrs. Paul Willis, '08, Louis Wirth,'19, A.M. '25, Ph.D. '26, Robert Woellner, A.M.'24, Mary A. Wood, '21, A.M. '26, AndrewR. E. Wyant, '99, Mrs. A. R. E. Wyant, '96,Helen E. Richardson, '27, George F. James,'30, J.D. '32, Richard Vollertson, '29, KwangSup Yum, A.M. '23, Ph.D. '30, Elizabeth Vick-land, '22.interest to me. And both literary critic andhistorian of culture will see the significanceof the discovery that of 275 business andprofessional negro families, 14% read theLiterary Digest, and that among 702 common and semi-skilled labor families, TrueStory topped the list of magazines with4.8%.These suggestive findings tempt me tooffer certain observations, devoid, to besure, of percentages and correlations, on thereading habits of the American people. Suchsuggestions, though not heavily documentedor subsidized, may throw a flickering lighton the complex problems of public taste,and, incidentally, on the woeful state of<m my opinionBy Fred B. Millett, Ph.D. '30Associate Professor of English,.,.-— **<,.,,£... ..,**¦ ¦':":'¦J&b? r*-ixrsi30 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEthe publishing industry. At the initiationof such a study, it becomes obvious that itis impossible to make a synthetic portraitof the reading public. What sort of monstrosity would emerge from the fusion of theprofessor applying his highly trained mindto the solution of the latest mystery, thefarmer clumsily thumbing the elephantinemail-order catalogue, the carmine-lippedschoolgirl titillated by Edna St. VincentMillay, the cushiony vulgarian tremulousover the heavy contours of Clark Gable, andthe avid clubwoman struggling to elicit ameaning from the orphic utterances ofCount Keyserling? We shall have to abandon the quest for a portrait of the readingpublic, and content ourselves with a rogue'sgallery of readers.We had better begin, perhaps, with thesub-literates, persons enabled to read by thecurious processes of American education,but unequal to more than a painful deciphering of meanings and connotations, — decent,honest souls, with a great capacity for dulland unremunerative work, and no affectation of book learning. Of sub-literates,there are two major kinds, the rural andthe urban, and of these, the rural is themore admirable. The reading of the ruralsub-literate is usually confined to the townor township or county newspaper and theSears Roebuck and Montgomery Wardcatalogues. Such a library, I hasten to add,is not to be despised, for the local newspaper features the news of greatest importance to the rural mind, — the births,marriages, barn-burnings, and deaths of thecounty, and the mail-order catalogue, likefairest products of modern civilization. Forthe rest, the rural sub-literate is content tofollow Shakspere's advice to persons divorced from books.The urban sub-literate is both better andworse off than his rural analogue. He isworse off, because of his alienation fromthe moral and ethical implications of stones,brooks, and trees, and better off because hisreading matter is the metropolitan newspaper. For two or three cents, he and hisdomestic menage can satisfy their aestheticand intellectual curiosity as to cosmetics,table decorations, medical advice, sentimen tal fiction, the idiocies of the comic strip,the wisdom of the folk-lorist of love, thevicarious excitements of rape and murder,the misdemeanors of local politicians, anda systematic misrepresentation of nationaland international polities.Slightly higher in the scale of literacycomes the pulp-public, and by every indication it is enormous. Its distributing agencies are the newspaper stand, the drug-store,and the cigar-shop, and its wares rival invulgarity the literary dregs of any previouscivilization. The tastes of the pulp-publicare highly standardized, and its literaturerarely errs into experimentation with subjector form. From their lurid wrappers, theavid reader is able to recognize withouteffort his favorite drugs ; for the adolescentaviator, Ace High, War Birds, and SkyFighters; for gangster addicts, Clue, andAll Star and The Black Mask; for drugstore cowboys, All Western, CowboyStories, Rapid Fire Western, Wild West,Lariat; for the sexually dissatisfied, BreezyStories, .My Love Story, Rangeland Love,Thrilling Love, True Confessions, TrueRomances, and Pep.The literary lower middle class mergesimperceptibly into the pulp-public, and maybe distinguished from it by the simple factthat it prefers the format of books to thatof magazines. But literary types and tastespersist, and the wise lending librarian willcarefully segregate westerns and mysteriesso that no hungerer for the open spaces willever blunder into the world of syndicatedcrime. Reading matter of this type is asmechanically standardized as dimes or postage stamps : the plots and characters are indistinguishable ; only the names of the characters and the titles of the volume change,and in the latter respect, the change, fromthe Penthouse Murder to the BathhouseMurder, is too slight to leave any impressionof novelty upon the sodden mind of thereader.One of the most perplexing problems connected with the lower middle class readingpublic, or the middle low brows, as theyhave been called, is the tendency of professors to sink to this level, and remainthere. They have not, to be sure, beenIN MY OPINION 131barren of reasons for this unseemly conduct. We are told, quite solemnly, by ascholarly addict that detective stories havean academic appeal, because scholars arehighly trained in analysis, ratiocination, andthe handling of evidence, and are richly experienced in the ferreting out of solutions toproblems already solved. The real reason,and not the merely good one, is that professors, like human beings, read what theylike because they like it, and because theyare too indolent to learn to like anythingbetter.Litterateurs of the upper middle class arefor the most part culture-hounds, personsso unsure of their own taste and judgmentthat they are willing to be told what theyshould and should not like. They cannotafford, socially, to miss the hundred bestbooks of the year. They must read in orderto find material for dinner table conversation, since they are too well-bred to gossipincessantly about their neighbors. So, intheir determination not to be outdone bythe Joneses in literacy, they succumb inhundreds of thousands to the wiles of advertising ballyhoo. They purchase by thepound unreadable and unread masterpieces ;they subscribe to literary weeklies, and believe what the starving, axe-grinding reviewers tell them to believe. At theirworst, they join book-clubs, and sign overtheir right to independence of taste andjudgment to a bevy of fifth-rate literaryhacks, whose names ring hollowly in theears of the true muses.On the summits of culture, in air toorarefied to permit the vulgar to sustain lifecomfortably, at least for longer than anhour's lecture, dwell the pseudo-aristocrats, who are superior to all considerations savethe sense of their own infallibility and theexclusiveness of their enthusiasms. Hereflourish the true cultists who have discovered new gods and goddesses among professional mishandlers of the type-writer, andwho are happy in the pharisaical assuranceof their own salvation. The gods almostinvariably speak a language unintelligible tothe uninitiate, and consequently it is thesacred duty of the cultist to explain hisdeity to an insensitive world. It is, moreover, notorious that every cultist feels thathe alone is the master's beloved disciple, andthe death of a god, like D. H. Lawrence,precipitates an orgy of publication, internecine conflict, and threats of suit forslander and libel which rival the legalaffairs of the House of David in theoffense they bring to tender nostrils.But the criterion of the cultists is notalways such unintelligibility as T. S.Eliot's; it may also be Arthur Machen'sremoteness from common sense or Proust'sinterminability and prurience. To the cultist, literary greatness would seem commensurate with the inaccessibility of theiridol to the inhabitants of the vulgarerrealms from which the initiate has hastilyascended.These observations I offer as tentativefindings in a preliminary study of our national reading habits. But the facts aloneare of interest, not to the historian of culture, but to the publisher. What is ofsignificance is the motives behind such depraved or grotesque behavior as I havesketched. To an unmathematical measurement of such attitudes and motives, I shalldevote a subsequent report.A University event of real importance and unusual interest to alumni will takeplace the evening of Fe'bruary ?, in Mandel Hall, when the University of Chicago ConcertBand of sixty members will present its first formal concert. The program will includeboth popular and classical numbers. The best seats are available for the small sum offifty cents, and proceeds will go. to the fund for the purchase of new instruments.What Price a Ph. BJIt is always a pleasant surprise to thereader of examination answers to see thevast variety of responses one question canelicit. Such divergence of opinion isespecially interesting in the physical sciences, where presumably the inelasticspirit of mathematics rules. Still imagination and originality are noble qualities.We feel that those who did not qualifyfor prizes last month in the exact sciencemay fare better this time in the field ofhumanities. The following is a question concerning the cultural results ofwar."In this course' we have carefully avoided anye'mphasis on military history. Wars may,however, have very important effects, beneficial or detrimental, upon civilization ingeneral, and upon the 'humanities' in particular.Indicate which of the following wars, battles,or invasions affected the course of civilization, and how, by placing the correct number in the blank space. (If two or more aretrue, give all. If a war is not significant forany of these reasons, leave the space before'it blank.)I. Saved European civilization from possible' destruction by Asiatics.2. Spread religion of the conquerors amongthe conquered people.3. Infused barbarous hut vigorous elements into a decaying civilization.4. Materially affected the language' of theconquered.5. Served to introduce a more ancient orhigher civilization of the conquered peopleamong the conquerors. Greek victory over Persia in 4Q0B.C. ff. Peloponnesian War Roman conquest of Greece Invasion of Roman Empire by Germanic peoples Conquest of North Africa and Spainby Moslems Defdat of Arabs before Constantinople Charlemagne's conquest of the Saxons The early Crusades War of the Roses Conquest of Mexico by the Spaniards Norman conquest of England German conque'st of Alsace-Lorraine in 1871"Answers to the following questionfrom the Biological Science examinationwere suggested in an article appearingin the December issue of the Universityof Chicago Magazine."Assume that the facts given in each of thefollowing investigations are correct. On thebasis of these facts only, write a plus signin the blank space if you think the conclusion drawn is correct; write" a minus sign ifyou think the conclusion is false; and writea question mark if you think the conclusionis doubtful. The conclusion is underscored.I. Identical twins reared together show anaverage difference in intelligence quotient ofsix points; fraternal twins reared togethershow an average difference of twelve points. The difference1 of six points betweenthe two cases can be attributed to the effectof differences in environment.2. Pairs of identical twins reared apart showon the' average as great a difference, in intelligence quotient as fraternal twins rearedtogether. Differences in environment have astronger influence than differences in heredity in this instance.3. Seventy per cent of feeble-minded personshave feeble-minded parents. ^.Hereditary differences account formany cases of feeble-mindedness.4.. Children reared from earliest years in orphanages show as much variability in intelligence as do other children. These facts indicate the hereditarydifferences overcome environmental influencesin this instance.5. Brothers and sisters resemble each othermore closely in height than their parents resemble each other. The closer resemblance can be attributed to heredity.6. Bean plants from the same pure line produce small seeds when grown under unfavorable conditions, and large seeds whengrown under favorable conditions. Environmental conditions modify thehereditary constitution of bean plants.132NEWS OF THEQUADRANGLESBy John P. Howe, '27SINCE only a few of the minor andk specific happenings which classify asnews are at hand this month, thispatriotic column must open by pointingwith pride to a major and unspecific trendin the University's work: its growing importance as a center of social science research.Before this issue of the Magazine ispublished the newspapers no doubt will beprinting the findings of President Hoover'sCommission on Social Trends in the UnitedStates. The work of this commission,which has enlisted in its service the bestminds in American social science, is uniquein that it represents the first large-scaleeffort of any nation to forecast its future.Three years of research and nearly half amillion dollars have gone into the preparation of material, the core of which is presented in a 1500-page document publishedJanuary 2nd.Two of the six people appointed byPresident Hoover to direct the enterpriseare University of Chicago men, Charles E.Merriam, Chairman of the Department ofPolitical Science, and William F. Ogburn,Professor of Sociology. Professor Ogburnserved as director of research for the entireproject. Of the twenty-nine chapters contained in the report, eight are written byUniversity of Chicago people. No otherinstitution is represented by more than threechapters. Professor Ogburn himself prepared two chapters, in collaboration, one on"The Influence of Invention and Discovery," the other on "The Family and ItsFunctions." Other chapters are by Dr.Charles H. Judd, Dean of the School ofEducation, on "Education"; by Dr.Sophonisba P. Breckinridge, Professor ofPublic Welfare Administration in theSchool of Social Service Administration, onThe Activities of Women Outside theHome"; by Dr. Edwin H. Sutherland, Pro fessor of Sociology, on "Crime and Punishment" ; by Carroll H. Wooddy of the Political Science Department, on "The Growthof Governmental Functions" ; by ProfessorMerriam on "Government and Society" ;and by Professor Leonard D. White ofPolitical Science on "Public Administration." A ninth chapter, on "Recreation andLeisure Time Activities," by ProfessorJesse Steiner of the University of Washington, was undertaken while Professor Steinerwas a member of the Chicago faculty, anda tenth chapter, on "The Agencies of Communication," has as one collaborator Professor Stuart Rice, this year at Chicago onleave of absence from Pennsylvania.Such popularity, while it must be deserved, is only one symptom of strength inthe social sciences. Another symptom is thegrowing tendency of semi-public organizations to establish national headquarters onor near the campus. Seven such groups,the International City Managers Association, the Bureau of Public Personnel Research, the American Legislators Association, the Public Administration ClearingHouse, the American Association of PublicWelfare Officials and the American FinanceOfficers Association now have their staffsand records close enough to the campus toexchange usefulness with the academic departments.It would be impossible to survey theresearch activities in social sciences shortof several volumes. The Social ScienceResearch Committee, which integratesinterdepartmental work, has sponsored morethan 100 published studies which use theChicago region as a social laboratory.Typical of these is the monumental analysisof the "jungle" of 1700 local governmentswhich infest the Chicago metropolitanregion, prepared under the direction ofProfessor Merriam and containing specificsuggestions for consolidation, reduction of133134 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEexpenditures, centralization of responsibility and increase of efficiency, which ispublished this January.The charge that experts disagree islevelled particularly at social scientists, andparticularly now during the depression.This is not wholly true, and members ofthe social science faculties expect shortly toissue periodically joint memoranda containing the common denominator of their judgment on major current issues.* * * * *The early reputation of the Universitywas founded primarily on its work in thephysical and biological sciences. Just oneexample to demonstrate that this phase ofChicago's prestige is not dimmed. High ininterest at the Atlantic City meeting of theAmerican Association for the Advancementof Science at Christmas time was the debatebetween Professor A. H. Compton of theUniversity of Chicago and Professor R. A.Millikan of Pasadena on their conflictingviews and conflicting experimental dataabout the nature and origin of cosmic rays.Both men won the Nobel Prize for Physicsat the University of Chicago. ProfessorMillikan's view, that the rays are photonsrather than charged particles, derives fromthe larger hypothesis of Professor W. D.McMillan of the University's astronomydepartment on the interchangeability ofmatter and energy; so that, in a sense,Chicago is responsible for both positions ofthe controversy.*****Dr. Henry S. Houghton, dean of theMedical College at the University of Iowa,has been appointed associate dean of theDivision of the Biological Sciences at theUniversity of Chicago and Director of theUniversity's south side clinics. Dr. Houghton assumed his new post January 1st.As Director of the University ClinicsDr. Houghton succeeds Dr. Franklin C.McLean, who will be acting-president ofthe Rosenwald Foundation this spring.Dr. Houghton became dean at Iowa in1928 after an extended career of medicalwork in the Orient. He received the M. D.degree at Johns Hopkins University in1905, and after serving for one year at the Rockefeller Institute in New York becamephysician at the Wuhu General Hospital,Wuhu, China. In 191 1 he became dean ofthe Harvard Medical School of China atShanghai, and served from 1918 to 1928 asdirector of the Peking Union MedicalCollege.In his capacity at Chicago, which includes a professorship, he will be associatedwith Dr. Frank R. Lillie, Dean of the Biological Sciences, and will supervise themedical work of the various Universityhospitals and clinics on the Midway, including the Albert Merritt Billings Hospital.*****Linton Keith, 36 year old freshman atthe University, has achieved the highestscore ever made on the standard psychological examination of the American Councilon Education.Keith, a world war veteran, married andthe father of two children, took advantageof the unemployment situation to enter theUniversity as a freshman this fall. As afreshman, he took the "scholastic aptitudetest," used in more than 200 collegesthroughout the country to predict academicsuccess, and scored 365 points out of apossible maximum of 382. This is thehighest score ever reported to the Council,which has, during the past six years, received reports on examinations taken bymore than 200,000 freshmen throughoutthe country.So far this year 45 colleges have reportedthe results of their 1932 examinations toMrs. Thelma Gwinn Thurstone, whoanalyzes the statistics for the Council. Themedian for the 9,107 freshmen in thesecolleges is 175.36, or 190 points belowKeith's mark. The median for the University of Chicago freshman class is 219,which is very high.Graduating from the Princeton, 111.,high school in 191 6, Keith has been inbusiness until recently. He was attractedt6 the University of Chicago because itsnew plan of education provides that exceptional students, through independent study,can win the bachelor's degree in a shortertime than ordinary students. He hopesNEWS OF THE QUADRANGLES i35to pass all of the College examinations,which ordinarily require two years of study,next June, and to earn a bachelor's degreein one further year. He plans to become acollege teacher.Mrs. Thurstone describes Keith's scoreas a "remarkable achievement." His ageis not considered to give him a particularadvantage.At present Keith is taking four freshmansurvey courses, and is taking advantage ofthe University's new plan by dispensinglargely with class attendance and studying"on his own." As a world war veteran hereceived a half-scholarship from the University's LaVerne Noyes Foundation.Nine of the ten leading scores on theUniversity of Chicago freshman test weremade by men.*****Remains of an Indian community existingin Illinois before the coming of the whiteman, in which the inhabitants not only builtthemselves houses but kept the housesswept clean, were discovered in FultonCounty this summer by the University ofChicago anthropology department.A complete village, containing fifteenhouse-pits, was laid bare at a site near thefarm of Joy Morton, salt manufacturer, ona bluff above the Illinois river five milesfrom Lewistown, according to a reportmade to Professor Fay-Cooper Cole byThorne Deuel, in charge of the Universityparty.The complete absence of refuse in ornear the village suggests a sanitary practicevery rare among pre-Columbian Indians,Deuel pointed out. Only one other siteuncovered in America, a village unearthedin Nebraska, was found in such housewifely order, Deuel said.Still more unusual was the discovery ofa number of pipes, made of Ohio pipestone,none of which had ever been smoked. Toscientists the cleanliness of the inhabitantsis a hindrance rather than a help, Deuelsaid, since archaeologists often find theirmost valuable clues in dump-heaps. Ceremonial objects found in connection withIndian burials seldom tell more about thedaily life of the prehistoric inhabitants than a modern burial would indicate to futurearchaeologists.The village belonged to a group representing the "Mississippi culture." Onlythe foundations remained. The fifteenhouses averaged about 16x22 feet in size,with the walls built at almost perfect rightangles. Fire places had been hollowed outnear the center of each but no shells oranimal bones were found in them. Storagepits were found in the floors, containingfragments of pottery, small arrow heads,rubbing stones, pottery discs, etc. Deuelestimates that between 75 and 100 Indianslived in the village at one time.During the seven summers which University of Chicago parties have spent exploring Indian sites in northern and centralIllinois two major culture types have beenidentified, "Mississippi" and "Woodland."Both types so far found in Fulton Countyare pre-white, but the Woodland type,though it is older, represents a somewhathigher type of organization, Deuel reported.The Mississippi group probably came upfrom the lower Mississippi Valley, whilethe Woodland group probably enteredIllinois from the east.The workers have not yet succeeded indating these occupations, though they haveestablished the order of succession. Theyhave not yet identified the groups with anyof the later and better known tribes.Stratification discovered in a burial moundlast year definitely established a culture sequence.The Woodland culture is marked bygrit-tempered pottery, with incised andstamped decoration; notched arrow heads;the use of copper and mica; curved-basepipes; and perforated human and wolfjaw-bones, probably used as decoration.The Mississippi used shell-tempered pottery, with less decoration but some painting ;and small triangular arrow heads.A survey of all Indian sites in Illinois,part of the University's project, this summerdisclosed the fact that in Fulton Countyalone there are 751 burial mounds; 101village sites; 16 cemeteries separated fromvillages; and 8 additional village sites withcemeteries adjoining.i36 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEOne mound was excavated this summer,from which were taken the skeletons offive adults and two children. The University now has in its collection more than700 Indian skeletons and more than 10,000"artafacts," such as utensils, weapons, toolsand decorations. The more ancient skeletonsseem to be "long-heads," while the morerecent were "round-heads" Deuel said.A complete mound excavated in theMorton estate last year will be reproducedat the Century of Progress by the University. Fourteen students, most of themgraduate students, accompanied Deuel onthis summer's project.* * * ¦ * *Despite a budget deficit of considerableproportions, no reduction in academicsalaries is contemplated by the Board ofTrustees during the current fiscal year,which ends June 30, President Hutchinshas told the University Senate, composedof all faculty members of the rank of professor.President Hutchins pointed out, however, that no guarantee that a salary reduction is impossible can be made by the Board,because the economic situation of thecountry might become so serious that noother course would be open.For more than two years, the Universityhas sought all possible means of savingwhich would not impair the effectivenessof its educational program. A larger percentage of the University's income thanever before is now devoted to teaching andresearch. Reorganization of instruction,elimination of 300 overlapping and dupli cating courses, and drastic reduction in thecost of operating the University plant, haveproduced large savings that have offset tosome extent reductions in income.In his announcement to the Senate thatno reductions in academic salary were contemplated by the Board, President Hutchinssaid: "The Board takes this action notalone because it wishes to reward the professors of the University; rather the actionis taken because of the critical situation ineducation generally, and because the Boardrecognizes the obligation imposed on it bythe position of leadership which the University occupies. The Board feels that todepart from the traditional policy of theUniversity would involve serious consequences for the whole educational system."At no time in the first fifteen years ofits life could the University be regarded asfirmly established. It always had a largedeficit and was more than once on the vergeof bankruptcy. Yet it was in this periodthat the greatness of the University wasestablished. The intellectual, educational,and scientific activity of those years hasnever been surpassed at this or any otheruniversity."And so I venture to hope that the uncertainty of these times will not deflect usfrom our main task, which is to raise education and research at Chicago to the highestlevel of which we are capable. I hope thatour preoccupation with figures, which hasbeen the most depressing feature of thelast two years, will not prevent us frompressing forward in harmony with thetraditions of the University of Chicago."Scores of the MonthBasketballChicago, 23 ; Armour, 27Chicago, 27; Lake Forest, 26Chicago, 33; Alumni, 56Chicago, 24; Beloit, 30Chicago, 26; Kentucky, 58 Chicago, 22; Washington U., 40Chicago, 17; Wisconsin, 26Chicago, 21; Indiana, 34TrackVarsity, 72; Freshmen, 17William V. Morgenstern, '20 J.D. '22UNTIL such time as the new athleticdirector, Thomas N. Metcalf, >emerges from his seclusion in Ames,la., with the announcement of his selectionfor football coach, the routine business ofthe basketball, track, swimming, and otherwinter sports teams constitutes the onlyitems of athletic news. These teams arestill doing business, on practically the sameschedules as usual, and on just about thesame standard of promise. That standard,as those familiar with Chicago teams know,is not one of championships.Mr. Metcalf has been in Chicago severaltimes since his appointment as athletic director to succeed Mr. Stagg. His position asathletic director at Iowa State Collegecontinues until June 30, when he comes toChicago. There has been no inkling as towhom he is considering for the footballjob, and the newspapers have guessed atevery one they can think of, with no ascertainable basis for any guess. What Mr.Metcalf is thinking, he keeps to himself,and his absence from the Midway scenesaves him from the necessity of frequentannouncements that there is nothing to say.The new director has handled himself wellin a difficult situation ; he has managed toavoid going on record until he could acquaint himself with the Chicago problem,and he has demonstrated a capacity to makehis own decisions. The first of these waswhether or not he should appoint Mr. Staggas the football coach; he decided that hewould not, but would start with a newcoach. In the interviews he has given hehas been definite in his belief in intercollegiate competition, and he has beenequally definite in his insistence that theethical standards which have prevailedunder Mr. Stagg's long regime shall not belowered.The basketball team has played six practice games so far, and lost five of them.Its prospects in the conference are very poorindeed. There is no shooting ability, noskill in ball handling, and very little defensive proficiency indicated in the squad sofar. Nels Norgren has been dealing withlost causes for a good many years, but the1933 squad has the poorest potentialitiesof any group he has coached here. Thealumni game furnished striking evidencethat one difficulty with Chicago teams isthat the players are just beginning to reachtheir capacity at the time they are graduated. There is too much development required for most of the athletes, and theprocess takes just about four years. SidYates, Marshall Fish, Virgil Gist, HarryAshley, of the most recent graduates on thealumni team, played phenomenal basketball. They were as clever as anyone Purduecan produce on its teams. These men weregood basketball players in college, but nowhere approximated the skill they displayedin the varsity game. Give the presentsquad an extra year, and Norgren couldhave a strong team."Chiz" Evans, wRo won a letter last yearas a sophomore, is the only regular forwardon the squad. Evans is an aggressive player,strong under the basket, but he is so aggressive that he will foul himself out ofmost of the games. There are several othercandidates for forward, all about on a level.Norgren will have to shift around allseason, trying to find some one to fit in atthe right time for a particular need.Charles Merrifield, a 140 pound sophomore, can hit the basket in spurts. DonaldKerr, 148 pounds, Ashley Offill, 153pounds, William Pitcher, 165, and TomFlinn, 149 pounds, are the other candidates.Some of this lot will develop, but right nowthey aren't forwards who measure up totheir competition. Keith Parsons, whose137138 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE6 feet, 3 inches is useful under the basket,but who hasn't any great cleverness, is backfor his third year at center. Parsons can'tlast a game at full speed, and the reservesfor him are Bob Eldred, sophomore, andBob Langford, junior. Jim Porter, co-captain with Parsons, is a good guard, andHarold Wegner, who played some last year,and now is the other starter, has possibilities. H. O. Page, Jr., and Franklin Carr,are the best of the reserves. It looks as ifthe Big Ten will push this squad aroundin very brutal fashion.Ned Merriam's track squad has somewhat more promise than last year, but stillhas a long way to go. John Roberts hasjumped 5 feet, io inches so far, and may goa little higher. Lee Yarnall, who has beenineligible these last two years, may get upthis winter. He can do 6 feet. RichardJackson, a transfer student, has vaulted 12feet, and should do at least six inches more.Eugene Ovson, a sophomore, has put theshot 45 feet, i1/^ inches. Ovson, whowas a star weight man in high school, getsevery possible inch, although he is not big.Like Menaul, the star of earlier days, hehas splendid form in the event. JohnBrooks bettered 25 feet last year in thebroad jump and should be the best in theconference again this year. Brooks is stillthe best of the sprinters, but Pete Zimmerand Ed Cullen, backs of the football team,are coming along rapidly, and in the freshman meet were barely beaten by Brooks inthe good time of 0:06.3. Capt. Ted Hay-don is the best of the high hurdlers butthere are too many men in the conferencewho are better than he. Roberts andBrooks run this event, and Brooks also is afast low hurdler. Jerome Jontry and SamPerlis are the quarter milers; Jontry hasdone only 0:53.5 so far, but should cutthat. George Cameron is back this year,running the 880. He is not in condition,but may get down around 2 minutes. AlSummers, the halfback, who did a littlerunning last year, has possibilities as a halfmiler, and 2 minutes is within his range. James Simon, who should do 4:30, andDexter Fairbank, a sophomore, are the bestof the milers. Three cross country men,George Richardson, George Varkala, andLouis Groebe, are ten minute men in thetwo mile. Merriam will get a very goodsprint relay team out of his team, but willhave nothing much for the other specialtyevents.The swimming team has lost Ritten-house and McMahon by graduation, andprobably Earlandson, who has not yet beenable to return to school. The relay teamwill be improved by the addition of JohnBarden, who was captain at New Trier,and Albert Helland, a transfer, who probably will have but this season of eligibility,and Harold Ickes, like Stan Connelly, a goodmarathon swimmer. Capt. John Marron is afirst rate fancy diver, who should do muchbetter than he did last season. Joe Stolar,undefeated in the breast stroke during hiscareer at Englewood, is another importantsophomore addition, as is Dan Glomset, ofRoosevelt high, Des Moines. Glomset isnow making time that would have placedhim third in the conference last year. Asa freshman he won the Central A. A. U.senior and junior titles. This team ratesmuch higher than those of the last threeyears, but the record in the dual meets maynot indicate the fact, for Chicago faces thebest teams in the conference.The prospects of the gymnastic teamwinning its annual championship have beenweakened by an injury to the leadingperformer, George Wrighte, who has hurta knee. Mr. Hoffer may find a way aroundthis handicap, however, and emerge victorious as usual. The wrestling team seemsconsiderably stronger, particularly in thelighter weight divisions. The fencers havebeen hard hit by graduation. Capt. RobertEiger, sabre ; Ormond Julian, foil, who wassecond in the Big Ten in 1932, and BurtonYoung, amateur junior epee champion ofthe Illinois Division of the AmateurFencers' League of America, are the bestmen.NEWS OF THE CLASSESAND ASSOCIATIONSCollege1905T. J. Case writes us that he is "going strongfor an '89 man." He is living in Delmont, S.Dak.1896John H. Nichols of Mansfield, Ohio, writes usthat he is working (indescribably) hard, mostlygratis, at his profession. He is a surgeon.1897Mrs. Edward Sherwood Mead reports thatthe alumni in Philadelphia where she is nowliving, are showing considerable interest intheir Club.1899Mrs. Nellie Voight Freeman, ex, is one ofthe recently elected trustees of the Universityof Illinois, on the Democratic ticket. Her niece,Marian Edna Voight, is now a sophomore atthe University of Chicago.1900Lee J. Frank is practicing law at 30, N. Dearborn, Chicago.1901Guy D. Smith is superintendent of educationat Minnesota State Prison, Stillwater, Minn. ***George H. Garry, S.M. '02, is a mining engineer, and has his headquarters in Philadelphia.1902Mrs. Fred Merrifield (Anna Marshall) willbe president of the corporation and Dean of theUpper School, in the newly reorganizedKenwood-Loring School, of Chicago. Two otherChicago alumnae associated with her in thisventure are Cecilia Russell, '12 A.M. '28, headof the Romance Language Department, and Mrs.Harry A. McGaughy (Jean Barker, '18),treasurer of the corporation and instructor in thePrimary Department.1903Ada Woolfolk, ex, is supervisor of the Grove-hill District Unemployment Relief Service. Sheis living at Blackstone Hall, near the University. *** Anthonette Durant, Ed.B. '09, is vicepresident of the Western State TeachersAssociation. Dora A. Atkinson teaches at Pasadena JuniorCollege, Calif. *** Mrs. E. V. L. Brown (FriedaKirchoff, ex) has been elected chairman for theWoman's Board of the Illinois Society for thePrevention of Blindness.1907Marion W. Segner teaches English at Pasadena Junior College, Calif.1910S. J. Wolfermann is vice-president of theCooper Clinic at Fort Smith, Ark., and chief ofstaff at St. Edward's Mercy Hospital. *** Mrs.John R. Wilkie (Clara B. Morgan) is living inWhittier, Calif., and reports/that she is verybusy with local affairs and home making. ***William C. Craver is executive secretary of theBagby Street Branch of the Y. M. C. A. inHouston, Tex.1911Mrs. Frederick C. Loweth (Alice Lee) reports that she is: (1.) Keeping house and caringfor Jean, 12, Charles, 7, and Anne, 4. (2.) RedCross Chairman, Boulevard Elementary P.T.A.(3.) Club Director of Heights American RedCross chapter. (4.) Team worker in Community Fund drive. (5.) Church and Socialactivities sandwiched in. *** Albert Z. Mann,A.M., is professor of sociology and Director ofTown and Country at the InternationalY. M. C. A. College at Springfield, Mass. ***Professor O. B. Baldwin, A.M., of the Friends'University, is building a new home at 503 S.Elizabeth Street, Wichita, Kansas.1913Florence D. Diment is in California,ing at Pasadena Junior College. teach-1914Howell D. Murray is president of the HighlandPark District School Board. In his spare timehe is hunting up members of the Class of 1914so that everyone in the group may be includedin the festivities of their twentieth reunion nextJune. It promises to be a really superior affair.*** Claire Hanaford is now Sister Agnes Claire,S.S.M., Kenosha, Wis. *** Samuel K. Lauren is139140 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEcollaborator on a successful Broadway play.His address is Paramount Studios, Hollywood,Calif. *** Margaret C. Hammett of Wheaton,111., is at Francis Parker School in Chicago. ***George W. Crossman, A.M., is director of teaching and supervisor of practice teaching at theUniversity of North Dakota.1915Mrs. Carl Pfanstiehl received her master'sdegree in biology from Lake Forest College lastJune, and hopes to be able to teach this year.Her four children, who range in age from fiveto sixteen are fast growing up, she says. ***Mrs. Barnett Fogel (Mussie Holland) is withthe social service department of the Court ofDomestic Relations, in Chicago.1916Edna Grahan is professor of mathematics atthe West Texas State Teachers College. ***Mrs. Oliver E. Seaton (Emma Newell) is instructor of education and supervisor of practiceteaching at Detroit Teachers' College. She ispresident of the chapter of Pi Lambda Thetaand of Pi Kappa Sigma there. *** Fowler B.McPowell has recently moved back to the Chicago district, and is living at 401 HawthorneLane, Winnetka.1917Benjamin W. Truesdell, assistant principalof Wichita High School East, is reported by hisfriend A. F. Styles, '17, as being the most eligible bachelor among Chicago men in Wichita."For lo these many years, Mr. Truesdell, withthe courage of ancient Ulysses, has been able toavoid on one hand the Scylla of woman's beauty,and on the other the Charybdis of her words,and as a result is now sailing the placid sea ofbachelorhood, undisturbed by the wiles ofwomen." *** Marie Graham, ex, is a teacher inthe University of Wichita.1918Mary Louise Strong heads the departmentof English for the public schools of the Districtof Columbia, Div. 10-13. *** Philip Rounsvelle,ex, is an instructor in physical education at theCollege of Physical Education, 5026 GreenwoodAve., Chicago. *** Leona Whitworth Logue isprincipal of the Stewart Avenue School, Columbus, Ohio. *** J. G. Lowery, A.M., is a memberof the Ohio Senate, and Chairman of the Committee on Education. He is at present Directorof the Division of Teacher Training at Muskingum College, New Concord, Ohio. Lastsummer he directed the summer school there.*** Mrs. Charles W. Phillips (Ellen M. Ferguson, A.M. '24) is engaged in the business ofpublishing credit guides and directories with theCredit Census Bureau. 1919Flora Ethel Maddux, A.M. '25, is teachingLatin and Greek at Westminster College, SaltLake City. *** Mrs. Hiram J. Smith (AgnesPrentice) was chairman of the Hyde Park Community Y. W. C. A. annual meeting on November 30, which was held at International House.*** J. W. Stogsdill, ex, his wife and two children are living in Wichita, Kansas.1920Alfred W. Philips, A. M., finds a professionalhobby in the collection of data relating to specific applications of mathematics in everydayaffairs. He writes that his students constantlybring him interesting and valuable reports alongthis line. The findings are used to guide thepreparation of methods courses along reallypractical lines. *** Madeleine I. Cohn spent thesummer in Mexico, and is now back in Omaha,Nebr. ¦*** Joseph M. Hanner is a freshman atthe Indiana University medical school. *** Mrs.Lewis J. Ferrell (Myrtle Brannon, A.M.) isexecutive secretary of the American Red Crossfor Snohomist and Island Counties, Wash. .***H. Virginia Rivard is instructor in libraryscience and a member of the staff of the IndianaState Teachers College Library at Terre Haute,Ind. *** Donald C. Peattie, ex, is living atVilla Noel, rue St. Jacques, Menton-Garavan,France. His book, Sons of the Martian, has beenreceiving the most favorable of reviews. ***Holland DeWitte Roberts, A.M. '26, is principalof Harrison Township high school, N. Y.1921Ruth C. Mosser is a social case worker withthe Unemployment Relief Service in Chicago.*** Richard S. Strauss is with Blumenthal-LewinCompany of Los Angeles. *** Isaac Bencowitzis a research chemist with the Texas Gulf Sulphur Co. *** Kenneth Goode, S.M. '25, is guestprofessor in the chemistry department at theUniversity of Chicago. *** Ruth Miriam Harrisspent the last summer at the University of Berlin, and is now back at work at Harriet BeecherStowe Teachers' College at St. Louis, Mo.-***Charles Everand Reeves, A.M., is director ofcollege surveys for Griffenhagen and Associatesof Chicago, and is now engaged in surveyingthe colleges of Texas.1922J. Forrest Crawford is organizing a practicalFarm School in Syria with an extension system for the Institute of Rural Life of the American University of Beirut and the Near EastFoundation. *** Irene O'Brien is now Mrs.Walter Chamberlain, and lives at 3350 N. Murray Ave., Milwaukee. *** William A. Butcher,A.M. '27, is principal of John F. Nuner School,in South Bend, Indiana. ** May Hill, asso-NEWS OF THE CLASSES AND ASSOCIATIONS 141ciate professor of education at Western ReserveUniversity, was responsible for the organization of a series of articles on the preschool child,which is appearing in the Parents' Magazine,beginning September, 1932. *** Boyd McKeown,A.M., recently conducted two surveys of Methodist colleges in Georgia and western NorthCarolina. He also assisted in a survey of similarschools in Mississippi, and was consultant forthe survey of South Carolina. *** Grace M.Smith, A.M. '32, is head of the mathematicsdepartment at Enid senior high school, Enid,Okla.1923Allegra Nesbit is with the senior high schoolhistory department at Lew Wallace High School,Gary. *** E. Elizabeth Vickland teaches at theBaptist Missionary Training School and is alsostudying at the Divinity School at the University. *** J. Hosea George, A.M. '25, is head ofthe department of astronomy and geology at BayCity Junior College. *** Verne D. Snyder, S.M.,is a chemist with R. R. Donnelley and Sons Co.,in Chicago. *** John T. McCormack is withArmour Institute of Technology, Chicago. ***Anna L. Evans, A.M., is an instructor at theWestern State Teachers College at Kalamazoo,Mich. *** R.C. T. Jacobs, A.M. '27, is DistrictPrincipal of the Dallas Public Schools. He ischairman of the Research Committee of the Elementary Principals' and Supervisors' Association of the State of Texas. *** Elizabeth DeEttePowers is teaching freshman English at Cadillac,Mich. *** Beulah M. Woods, A.M., is head ofthe department of elementary education atJuniata College, Huntington, Pa.1924Marion Normington, S.M., is head of the homeeconomics department at the West Texas StateTeachers College, at Canyon. *** Georgia Bor-ger is head of the department of natural scienceat the Hillsboro High School, Tampa, Fla. ***Rowena Longmire, A.M. '32, is associate professor of English at Florida State TeachersCollege. *** Mrs. Jennie A. Rice is head ofthe mathematics department of the MarinetteHigh School and Junior High School, Marinette,Wis. *** Lillian Oleson is at State TeachersCollege, East Stroudsberg, Pa. *** Mrs. UrbanJ. Mullen (Frances Andrews, A.M. '27) is teaching mathematics at Bowen High School, Chicago. *** Chester R. Powers, A.M. '27, isteaching biology at St. George High School inEvanston, 111.1925Lillian Robbins is Head-worker at HamiltonHouse, a settlement house in New York City.*** Nina Reason is teaching commerce at Thornton Township high school and junior collegeat Harvey, III. *** S. V. Dragoo is at the Stand ard Oil Emergency Hospital, serving the Kettle-man Hills Oil Fields in California, for the majoroil companies that have holdings there. *** M.Irene Fagin is doing home economics extensionwork for the University of California. *** D.A. Podoll, A.M., is doing graduate work at theUniversity this year and lives at InternationalHouse. *** Jesse P. Gibbs, A.M., is instructorin business organization at Morton Junior College, Cicero, 111. *** Mari H. Bachrach reportsthat the biggest thrill in years was seeing theChicago team play Yale. Among those presentat the game were Marion Frank, '18, Ph.D. '23,Mrs. Milton Rettenberg (Marion Rubowitz, '20)and George Serck, '20. Miss Bachrach addsthat the cheering was not what it used to be. ***M. Adelia Boynton is director of the nurseryschool and kindergarten of the National ChildResearch Center at Washington, D. C. *** Clarence C. Clark, A.M., is assistant professor ofOutlines of Science at the School of Commerce,Accounts and Finance at New York University.*** Emmett A. Hood, A.M., is principal of theMason School at St. Louis, Mo. *** CatherineF. Morgan, A.M., is training director for retailsales at L. S. Donaldson Co., a department storein Minneapolis. *** Amy Irene Moore, A.M., isreturning to her work as mathematics supervisorat Hays, Kansas. *** Professor T. C. Poulter, ex,is going with Admiral Byrd on his next trip tothe South Pole, in the capacity of staff physicist.The expedition left Sept. 1. *** Mrs. C. E. Waterman (Marion Muncaster, '25) writes that hercareer as homemaker for her husband and heractive 19 months old daughter keeps her busy allday and every day. *** Elizabeth Coleman iswith the catalog department of the Newberry Library, Chicago. *** Grace B. Olive is principalof the grade school at Wabash, Ind.1926W. Napoleon Rivers, Jr., A.M., is with the A.and T. College at Greensboro, N. Car. Hereceived his Ph.D. at Cornell this year. *** AlvinEdward Null, A.M., is adjunct professor ofhistory at El Paso, Texas, at the College ofMines and Metallurgy. *** Harriet ArmitageSherry is living in Santiago, Chile, where herhusband is in business. *** C. H. Koenitzer, ex,is technical expert for John G. Beutler of Chicago. *** Paul W. Pinkerton, has become a partner in the internationally established firm ofaccountants and auditors, Haskins and Sells, andwill be in charge of the Pittsburgh office. Mr.Pinkerton is a past president of the AmericanSociety of Certified Public Accountants, and ofthe Indiana Association of Certified Public Accountants. He is the author of several text andreference books on accounting and taxation. Hewas the Commencement orator at Morgan ParkMilitary Academy this June. *** Elmer Lampehas been appointed instructor in physical education and head football coach at Carleton Col-142 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINElege. *** Mabel A. Newitt is teaching art atNortheast senior high school and at KansasCity Teachers College, Kansas City, Mo. ***George K. Wells, A.M., is state supervisor ofindustrial education at Indianapolis. *** MaudeSmith is teaching English in Laurel High School,Miss. *** Adda Tobias is doing primary criticwork in the Central State Teachers College, atStevens Point, Wis. During the year 1930-31she was on leave of absence, and earned hermaster's degree from Columbia University. ***Clara J. Woltring won her master's degree atColumbia last year and is now living in Milwaukee. **¦* Edith May Johnston teaches ancienthistory at Portsmouth High School, Ohio. ***Beryl Beringer is teaching dancing in NewYork City. *** Mrs. Milton Gerwin (DorothyGrosby) teaches commercial subjects at Lindblom High School, Chicago. *** M. Lucile Harrison is in the school of education at the University with the Alice H. Putnam Scholarship.In June, 1933, she will return to Colorado StateTeachers College. *** Isaiah Sanders, A.M., hasbeen for many years head of the English Department at Alcarn College, Miss. *** CharlesR. Morris is English Master and Junior Masterin Forbes House at Milton Academy, Milton,Mass. *** William Wiebe, A.M., is teachinghistory in the Marshall High School, Chicago.Mrs. Wiebe, A.M., is a supply teacher in Chicago. *** John M. Stalnaker, A.M. '29, is withthe board of examinations at the University ofChicago. *** E. H. Bremer is superintendent ofschools at Gilman, 111., and principal of thelocal community high school. *** Eunice M.Acheson, A.M., is a psychologist at the Children's Center, a child guidance clinic in Detroit. *** Harry D. Baird, A.M. '28, is teaching high school chemistry as an "emergencymeasure" at Pontiac township high school. ***Elwood Craig Davis, A.M., is head of the professional health and physical education divisionat Pennsylvania State College, and directs research in these fields. *** Amy Irene Moore,A.M., is mathematics supervisor in the training school at Moorehead, Ky.1927Helen E. Richardson is on leave of absencefrom her position in the University elementaryschool to do graduate work in education. ***Florence E. Carman, A.M., studied in Jerusalemthis summer, at the American School of OrientalResearch. She is now teaching Bible at Goucher.*** Sylvia Levinson is with the English Department at Sabin Junior High School, Chicago. ***D. A. Morgan, A.M., is vice president of thenortheast section of the Kansas State TeachersAssociation. She is Principal of the ShawneeMission High School. *** Chester P. Freeman,S.M., is with Peabody College, Nashville, Tenn.*** Beatrice V. Boyer, A.M., is supervisor ofpublic schools at Clarkdale, Ariz. She spent the summer at Stanford University. *** Elizabeth Louise Wyant is librarian at the newHighland Park Library. *** John Julius Yarkov-sky traveled some 7700 miles this summer andvisited eighteen states in the course of hiswanderings. *** Mrs. Emma Elting Dennisonis supervising sight-saving classes and classesfor the mentally retarded in the Grand Rapidsschools. Part of her work is psychological testing. *** Lola S. Eller is principal of the ThomasJefferson School in Indianapolis, and presidentof the local chapter of Pi Lambda Theta. ***Adam O. Reed teaches mathematics at Oblong,111.1928John J. DeBoer, A.M., is book editor of theChicago Schools Journal, and assistant editorof the English Journal. *** Mildred McAfee isexecutive educational secretary of the AssociatedAlumnae of Vassar College, and is living atAlumnae House, Poughkeepsie. *** Grover C.Dotzour, ex, is principal of Wichita's new andbeautiful high school. *** Mrs. J. W. Leifson(Hedvig Sand, A.M.) is now living at Reno,Nevada. *** Oscar K. Dizmang, A.M., is withHanover College, Ind. *** Horace H. Baker,A.M., is superintendent of Cimarron Consolidated Schools, Cimarron, Kansas. *** Alice D.Wetterlund is now teaching at Evergreen Park,111. She has successfully passed the examinations for Chicago teachers, however, and is inline for a position in the city. *** Mary M.Sullivan is teaching English at Greeley branchof Lakeview High School, Chicago. *** Madeline E. Maybauer is kindergarten critic at Dal-ton School, N. Y. *** Ada Louise Carpentervisited schools in Europe this summer and attended the Progressive Education InternationalConference at Nice. *** William B. Jones, A.M.,is teaching at Anchorage, Ky., and reports thathe has had the satisfaction of seeing his recommendations and his new constitution for theKentucky Education Association adopted. ***Jessie A. Menzies, A.M., is chairman of thescience department at Janesville, Wis., HighSchool. *** Edwin T. Sheppard, A.M., is teaching mathematics at the State Agricultural College at Fort Collins, Col. *** Emmet C. Stropher,A.M., is registrar and director of placement andextra-mural activities at Kent State College,Ohio.1929Kenneth Rouse placed third in the examinations of the Civil Service Commission for positions on the police force in Chicago this fall.However, he plans to continue in his position atthe University a little longer before going out onthe beat. *** Dorothy Carter conducted a seriesof cooking schools in Baltimore and Philadelphiathis fall, in addition to giving radio lecturesover W C A O *** Donald Mundell Crooks,S.M., is on leave of absence from Ball Statei%.merica comes out ofthe ROOF-TOP JUNGLE!p Up-to-date apartment house owners are showing the way out. They are using a new WesternElectric product — the Radio Frequency Distribution System. As a result tenants are gettingimproved reception and a new kind of service. O. With this apparatus, every set owner Vjp^. has hisown lead-in to one central antenna. He gets any station any time without cross-talk or other interference. Nolonger need he put up his own outside aerial or be satisfied with inferior results from an indoor antenna. <I,Theequipment serves hotels and other types of multi-family building, as well as apartments. And Western Electric'sexperience of 50 years in manufacturing telephones for the Bell System JBfV counts heavily in the makingof such related equipment as the Radio Frequency Distribution System. Get further details of this newdevelopment from its distributors, Graybar Electric Company, Graybar Building., New York, N. Y.Western ElectricLEADERS IN SOUND TRANSMISSION APPARATUS143144 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINETeachers College and is in residence at the University of Chicago. *** J. L. Duflot is the newhead of the department of sociology at the WestTexas State Teachers College, where he is muchinterested in developing a graduate department.*** Nellie Georgia Rushing, A.M., is now Mrs.Melton, and teaches in the English departmentof Oklahoma A. and M. College, at Stillwater.*** W. E. Gamble, A.M., is district supervisorof schools in the Big Creek District, West Virginia. *** Martha Mae Hunter, S.M., is takingwork in the University's School of Social Service Administration. Previous to taking up herstudies here, she was assistant director of thenutrition service in the mid-western branch ofthe American Red Cross. *** Virginia Fouchis secretary to the superintendent of schools atKalamazoo, Mich. *** J. H. Smith, A.M., issuperintendent of schools at Hindman, Ky..***John Michener, S. M., and his wife and familyof four children have settled in Wichita, Kansas.*** Myrtle Ruth Schmalhausen is head of theresidence hall at Bethany College, W. Va. ***Henry Hugh Edmunds is assistant superintendentof prisons at Springfield, 111. *** Mark Fawcett,A.M., is teaching senior high school mathematicsat Sidney, Mont. *** Gladstone Koffman, A.M.,is superintendent of city schools at Hopkinsville,Ky. *** Russell R. Myers, A.M., is principal ofRoosevelt High School in East Chicago. *** GuyE. Sawyer, A.M., is purchasing agent for theestates of William duPont, Jr., and lives atChadds Ford, Pa. *** Edward J. Zeiler is principal of Richards School at Whitefish Bay, Wis.1930Ruth Fritschel is teaching kindergarten atWhitefish Bay, and reports that it is a splendidschool system and pleasant work. *** GladysGarden Jenkins, A.M., is a case worker withthe Joint Emergency Relief Bureau at Hollywood, III. *** Mrs. Kate Sowers Philips is oneof the best teachers at Boulevard School, Cleveland, according to Mrs. F. C. Loweth (AliceLee, 'n) one of her fellow alumnae.'*** C. L.Jordan, A.M., is principal of Streator TownshipHigh School. *** Mable Madden, A.M. '31is an instructor in education at Bowling GreenState Teachers College, Ohio. *** Enna Pigg,A.M., is critic for second grade at the campustraining school at Bowling Green.I93iAda Law, A.M., teaches English at GeorgiaState Normal School, Athens. *** Bianca Eschis director of the Kindergarten Primary Education Department at Louisville, Ky. *** BarbaraCook is working at the Palm Beach Shop at Carson Pirie Scott, and Co. *** George R. Kernodle,A.M., is in residence at the University this year,having leave of absence from Ball StateTeachers College. *** Milton A. Kallis hasmoved to Cambridge, Mass. (15 Sacramento St.) *** Priscilla Bishop is teaching third gradeat Lake Wales Public School. *** Charlotte Sae-mann reports that her work teaching secondgrade in a school near Louisville, Ky., is altogether delightful. *** Howard H. demons,A.M., is an instructor in agriculture at Platte-ville State Teachers College. *** Willis B. Cox,A.M., is principal of the Concord TownshipHigh School at Saint Joseph, Ind. *** RichardW. Powell, A.M., was a member of the RuralSchool Subcommittee at the White House Conference. *** Martha Gray, A.M., is teaching English and directing student activities at Evanston Township High School. ***John M. Kahlert is teaching at ChicagoJunior School, near Elgin, 111., and is doing interesting and unusual things with stagecraft and art-work. *** G. D. Humphrey, A.M.,is supervisor of the State Department of Schoolsin Mississippi. *** Mary Bohnet is startingwork at Marshall Field and Company in theearly part of the year. *** Earl V. Pullias, A.M.,is an assistant instructor in education at DukeUniversity, a position which allows for part-time study.1932Gladys Calbick, A.M., is teaching Spanishat Knox College, Galesburg, 111. *** Francis M.Parker is with Armour and Co., as a chemist.*** Hubert Park Beck, A.M., is teaching in theJunior High School at Summit, N. J. *** LucileE. Beutel, A.M., is instructor in teaching atJohn Fiske School in Waterloo, Iowa. *** GloriaDiener, A.M., associate editor of the International Journal of Religious Education is onleave of absence for study at Yale until thefirst of January. *** Irvine H. Graham, A.M.,is "teaching all subjects in 9th, 10th and nthgrades, including Latin and French, and actingas principal of the Plumas, Manitoba, Consolidated School." *** May Kennedy, A.M., hasbeen appointed director of pedagogy at theNew York Hospital School of Nursing. *** Mrs.Doris Stickle Runyon, A.M., is sixth grade criticteacher at the Illinois Soldiers' and Sailors'Children's School, at Normal, 111. *** George T.Van der Hoef is doing post-graduate work atthe University, and living at Hitchcock Hall.*** Lorin F. Wheelwright, A.M., is teaching andsupervising the music instruction of the CedarCity, Utah, public schools. *** Katherine JaneWilliams, A.M., is teaching mathematics atHammond High School, Ind. *** Margaret Egan,headed toward advertising and publicity workat Marshall Field's, reports that her beingstarted in the waste-paper basket departmentseemed like a dirty dig to her. *** Alice Stinnett is adding shorthand and typing to the listof her accomplishments, studying at the Schoolof Business at the University, and keeping an eyeon the dramatics situation in her spare time.*** Margaret Hill is a case worker with theCook County Bureau of Public Welfare. ***NEWS OF THE CLASSES AND ASSOCIATIONS 145Business and Professional DirectoryBROKERSClark G. (Skee) Sauer '12 . C. P. (Buck) Freeman '13WithJAMES E. BENNETT & COMPANYStocks — Bonds — Grain — CottonMembers: New York and Chicago Stock Exchanges/Chicago Board of Trade, All Principal Markets332 So. LaSalle St. Telephone Wabash 2740CHEMICAL ENGINEERSAlbert K. Epstein, '12EPSTEIN REYNOLDS and HARRISConsulting Chemists and Engineers5 S. Wabash Ave. ChicagoTel. Cent. 4286INSURANCEC. F. AXELSON, '07Chartered Life UnderwriterREPRESENTINGThe Northwestern Mutual Life Ins. Co.209 So. LaSalle St. Tel. State 0633LITHOGRAPHINGL. C. MEAD *2i E. J. CHALIFOUX *zzPHOTOPRESS, INCPlanograph — Offset — Printing725 So. LaSalle St. Harrison 3624RADIOWMAQOfficial Broadcasting Station ofThe University of ChicagoWilliam S. Hedges, '18 Mgr.REAL ESTATEJ* Alton Lauren, '19J* Alton Lauren and Co*139 N. Clark St. Randolph 2068SOUND FILM"LIFE ON THE QUADRANGLES"Produced byThe Vitaglo CorporationMakers of Educational and Commercial Sound Films4942 Sheridan Road Longbeach 6380TRAVELFor Reservations, Tickets, All Steamship Linesand Travel OrganizationsLESTER F. BLAIRTravel Service Bureau— University of Chicago5758 Ellis Ave. Phones Midway 0800 and Plaza 3858 ARTISTSROFFE BEMANPortraits in Pencil and Other Media1541 East Fifty-seventh Street105 West Monroe StreetChicagoTelephones Midway 2112 and State 1815GERDA AHLMExpert Restorer of FinePAINTINGS and MINIATURESSuite 1701 Telephone56 E. Congress St. Wabash 5390CAROLYN D. TYLERMiniatures- Pastels- Small SculptureHyde Park Hotel Midway 2772ARTIFICIAL LIMBS AND TRUSSESAMBULATORY PNEUMATIC SPLINT MFG. CO.1861 (W.) Ogden Av. Cor. S. Honore St. Phone West 2040For Best Results in Fractures of Hip, Thigh, Leg, Arm, useour Air Cushioned Reduction Bed or Walking Splint.Arches, Braces, Calipers, Extensions, Crutches, Chairs,Abdominal Supporters, Elastic Goods, Invalid Chairs,Supplies. Moderate Prices, Reliable Fitting Service.AUTO LIVERYCHICAGO PETERSENMOTOR LIVERYLINCOLN'S With Experienced ChauffeursMID way 09495548 Lake Park Ave.AWNINGSPHONES OAKLAND 0690-0691-0692The Old ReliableHYDE PARK AWNING CO., Inc.Awnings and Canopies for All Purposes4508 Cottage Grove AvenueBOYD & GOULD, Inc.5813-15 Wentworth AvenueARTCRAFTAWNINGS AND CANOPIESPhones Wentworth 2450-2451CARPENTERS^ME$ GODSTEDCarpenter Contractor1111 East 55th StreetFAIRFAX 9393-1361146 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINERuth Abells announces that her work at Merrill-Palmer School in Detroit includes everythingfrom seminars in psychology to teaching threeyear olds to like spinach. *** Betty Parker isassistant head of Foster Hall, and a graduatestudent in the School of Social Service Administration. *** W. C. Hoppes is director of thetraining school at Bowling Green College. ***Samuel M. Mayfield has been elected to thefaculty of Intermountain Union College, Helena,Mont., where he will organize and develop adepartment of geology.Doctors of Philosophy1911John Norton has been in charge of the Laboratories of the City of Detroit for the last threeyears.1914Stephen S. Visha, '09, S.M. 'io, served asassociate or acting geographer in the U. S. Department of State last year, while on leaveof absence from Indiana University.1918James H. Hance is studying and doing consulting work in mining engineering and geology at Salt Lake City. *** George L. Clark,S.M. '15, received the Grasselli Medal for 1932at a joint meeting of the New York Section ofthe Society of Chemical Industry, the AmericanChemical Society, the Electrochemical Society,and the Societe de Chimie Industrielle. Mr.Clark is Professor of chemistry at the Universityof Illinois.1919Esmond R. Long, 'n, M.D. '27, formerly withthe department of pathology at the University, isnow with the Henry Phipps Institute of Philadelphia.1923Charles P. Russell is president of Assiut College, Assiut, Egypt. *** Ernest R. Wood is associate professor oi psychology in the School ofEducation at New York University.1924Elam J. Anderson is president of Linfield College, McMinnville, Oregon. ** William H.Burton is visiting professor of education at theUniversity of Southern California this year.*** Eston V. Tubbs is principal of the BrentanoSchool, Chicago.1925Isabel K. Wallace is freshman adviser in theWomen's College of the University of NewYork State, at Rochester. She is also vocationaladviser. *** Israel M. Levine, '22 is a researchchemist for the Texas Coal and Oil Co. of FortWorth. 1926Y. M. Hsieh is spending his sabbatical year atthe California Institute of Technology. *** SelbyV. McCasland, A.M. '24, is professor and chairman of the department of religion at GoucherCollege. *** Leverett S. Lyon, 'io, was appointedby the State Department as U. S. Delegate tothe International Congress on Business Education in London last summer. Mr. Lyon hasrecently published a book on Advertising Allowances, a Phase of the Price Making Process,which has attracted much attention in businessand educational circles.1927Mayme Logsdon, '13, A.M. '15, writes thather new freshman text book, "ElementaryMathematical Analysis, Vol. I" (McGraw-Hill)came off the press Sept. 15, and that Volume IIwill follow in January.1928Oden E. Sheppard is now head of the department of chemistry at Montana State College.1930Charles E. Montgomery, '13, is teaching atIllinois State Teachers College at DeKalb.i93iHerbert E. Hamlin, associate professor ofvocational education at Iowa State College, hasbeen devoting a good deal of his time to workwith the committee of three which has been reviewing the extension program of Iowa StateCollege. He is also working with another committee which is developing a statement of objectives and program for rural America.1932Katherine L. McLaughlin, '14, A.M. '18, associate professor of education at the Universityof California, is the author of the Fact and StoryReaders, which are becoming increasingly popular among both teachers and pupils. *** ArthurE. Traxler, A.M. '25, is teaching at the University High School in Chicago, with specialinterest in research and remedial teaching.Rush1884Charles H. Starkel, M.D., writes from Belle-;ville, 111., that he is still going strong afterforty-nine years of practice.1886C. H. Churchice, M.D., has retired after forty-eight years of practicing medicine. He is livingin Albuquerque, N. Mex.NEWS OF THE CLASSES AND ASSOCIATIONS 147CATERERSMARTHA WINTERLING5034 Cottage Grove Ave.Catering toLuncheons. Dinners, Card Parties, etc.Telephone Kenwood 0249CEMETERIESOAK WOODS CEMETERY1035 E. 67th St. at Greenwood Ave.Fairfax 0140Irrevocable Perpetual CharterCrematory — GreenhousesCHIROPODISTDR. G. L. BIERSMITHFoot. Specialist and Chiropodist1133 East Sixty-Third St.PHONE MIDWAY 1828COAL5900 STEWART 3952AUBURN COAL & MATERIAL CO.COAL- COKE- BUILDING MATERIAL7443 So. Racine Ave. ChicagoCOFFEE AND TEAW. S. Quinby-Bellconrad Co.Importers and Roasters ofHigh Grade Coffees and Teas417-427 West Ohio St. Phones Superior 2336-7-8DECORATORSARTHUR E. BOURGEAUPAINTING and INTERIOR DECORATINGHardware and Paints1216-1218-E. 55 ST. PHONE HYDE PARK 1049Est. 1897DR. E. E. MACPHERSONDENTISTV°AS 1133 East 63rd StreetX-RAY Phone Hyde Park 3939ELEVATORSRELIANCE ELEVATOR CO.PASSENGER AND FREIGHTELEVATORSFor Every Purpose212 W. Austin Ave. Chicago FENCESANCHOR POST FENCE CO.Ornamental Iron Chain Link Rustic WoodFences tor Campus, Tennis Court, Estate, Suburban Home orIndustrial plantFree Advisory Service and Estimates Furnished646 N. MICHIGAN BLVD. SUPERIOR 1367FISHJ. A. DAVIS FISH CO.Specialize in Supplying Hotels, Restaurants, HospitalsInstitutions. Fresh Caught Direct From the Fisherman.211 N. Union Ave. Phone Haymarket 1495FILLING STATIONSROSCOE LAYMANFILLING STATION92nd Street and So. Chicago Ave.PHONE SO. CHICAGO 1163GARAGESCapacity 350 Cars FireproofFairchild Garage Co.5546 Lake Park Ave.Thru to Harper Ave.PHONES HYDE PARK 1275-1275Dependable ServiceLAUNDRIESFidelity Morgan Service, Inc."Better Laundry Work"Branch 1015 East 61st StreetPhone Calumet 1906LIGHTINGStudio and Display Rooms Tel. Superior 5381-2Henkel & Best Co.439 North Michigan AvenueDesigners and Manufacturers ofArtistic Lighting FixturesMUSICAL INSTRUCTIONAMERICAN CONSERVATORY of MUSICFORTY-FIFTH SEASONAll branches of music and dramatic art. Certificates,Degrees. Nationally accredited. Enter any time.Address: Free catalog.John R. Hattstaedt, Secretary, 500 Kimball HallSouth Side Branch, 1133 E. 63rd St.MONUMENTSPhone Monroe 5058 Established 1889C. CILELLA & SONMONUMENTS AND MAUSOLEUMSRock of Ages and Guardian MemorialsWe Erect Work Anywhere 723-25 W. Taylor Street148 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE1893Richard Benson Dugdale, M.D., has been formany years the president of the South Bend, Ind.,School Board.1 901C. A. Lilly is doing research work in nutritionat the University of Michigan. *** Fred L.Adair, M.D., is professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the University of Chicago.1902George B. Lake, M.D., recently published abook of verses entitled "Hilltops." *** Joseph B.Sonnenschein, M.D., is supervisor of the division of Social Hygiene of the Chicago Board ofHealth.1903O. S. Behrents, M.D., is located at ThreeRivers, Michigan. *** H. C. Hanson, M.D.,writes that he is "trying to keep ahead of thesheriff." He is living at 2723 W. North Ave.,Chicago.1905Raymond S. Brown, M.D., specialist inophthalmology and otolaryngology at Joliet,sends word that his daughter Helen Mary isnow a sophomore at the University and a member of Foster Hall.1915Lawrence G. Dunlap, '13, M.D., is councilorfor the Montana State Medical Society andsecretary of the Mt. Powell Medical Society.Private practice and medical work for the Anaconda Copper Mining Co. occupy his time.1917Clifford S. Powell, M.D., is Milwaukee Division Surgeon at Deer Lodge, Mont. *** YngveJoranson, M.D., is an assistant professor in thedepartment of anatomy of the University ofIllinois School of Medicine. He is also practicing in Chicago.1918David Kaplan, '16, M.D., is cardiologist of theout-patient department of the Edward Hines,Jr., Hospital.1928Arnold L. Lieberman, '24, M.D., Ph.D. '31,"does internal medicine and surgery at 738Broadway, Gary, Ind., for a living, and researchin physiology at the Alma Mater for an avocation." *** Reuben Ratner, M.D., has opened abranch office, 2300 Polk Street, San Francisco. Hewrites that he kept very busy as a member ofthe Mount Zion Hospital Out Patient Department in medical, allergic, chest and dermato- logical clinics. He also serves as a visitingphysician at the Canon Kip Dispensary.Phyllis Kerr Bogart, '24, M.D., has just openedan office in White Plains, N. Y., specializing indermatology.1929Robert J. Mason, '25, M.D., has opened hisoffices at the Children's Clinic in Detroit, specializing in pediatrics. *** Robert Moore Jones,M.D., is practicing at 8 S. Michigan, Chicago,and at the metabolic disease clinic at IllinoisResearch Hospital. *** R. S. Starkweather, M.D.,has been studying dermatology at the University of Pennsylvania, and opened an office inEvanston this fall. *** Howard Hartman, '26,M.D., is practicing at Waterloo, Iowa.1930H. C. Voris, Ph.D. '29, M.D. '30, is studyingneurology at the Mayo Clinic. *** M. H. Seevers,M.D., is in the pharmacology department atthe University of Wisconsin.L. E. Beeuwkes has opened offices at Town-send, Mich., where he is practicing internalmedicine. *** Maurice E. Cooper, '25, M.D., isresident physician of the University of MissouriHospital. *** Lyman C. Blair, M.D., is nowliving at 133 East 154th St., Harvey, 111.i93iHoward B. Weaver, M.D., is specializing inobstetrics and pediatrics at Canton, Ohio. ***R. K. Sermitt, M.D., is engaged in generalpractice at Columbus, Ind. *** David C. Atwood,M.D., is opening an office at 23 South PinckneySt., Madison, Wis., for general practice. ***Robert Siddle, M.D., is assistant professor ofphysiology and pharmacology at the Universityof Missouri, but expects to interne at Chicagosometime this year.19325 William E. Jones, M.D., is practicing medicine and surgery at 7 Benton Street, Kennewick,Wash. *** Floyd M. Bond, M.D., is in generalpractice at 11 S. Main Street, Oberlin, Ohio. *"**Thomas J. Pascal, M.D., is practicing at 385Noble Ave., Bridgeport, Conn. *** ReubenGaines, M.D. Cert., was married last Novemberin Chicago, and is now living in Detroit. ***Detroit has gathered quite a delegation of Chicago men in the medical field, many of whomare associated in their work. Their numberincludes Charles Wood, M.D. Cert. '32, ArthurJ. Vorwald, Ph.D. '31, M.D., '32, A. A. Terry,M.D. '31, W. E. Johsman, M.D. '23, Robert R.Freund, M.D. '30, Myron Means, M.D. '31,Arthur Young, M.D. '30, Matthew Peelen, M.D.'30, and Herbert Gaston, M.D. '30.NEWS OF THE CLASSES AND ASSOCIATIONSPAINTING SCALP SPECIALISTS 149Established 1851 Incorporated 1891Geo. D. Milligan CompanyPainting and Decorating Contractors2309 South Parkway Tel. Cal. 5665PLASTERINGHoward F. NolanPlastering, Brick and Cement WorkRepairing a Specialty1111 East 55th St. Phones 1878 - 79PUBLISHINGYour Book Length ManuscriptPUBLISHEDWrite for Booklet and TermsMEADOR PUBLISHING CO.470 S. Atlantic Ave. Boston, Mass.REAL ESTATEFor Sale: Lake Michigan waterfront lot for $800 cash. Adjoining lot sold for $1800. Also large wooded lot 2. blocks fromwater's edge, Lake Michigan, for $495 cash. Adjoining lotsold for $1300.. Terms on both can be arranged. Pavement, running water, electricity, no assessments. Michiana Shores, 90minute drive from Chicago; also bus and South Shore Electricservice. Telephone Dorchester 6501RIDINGMidway Riding Academy6037 Drexei AvenueExpert InstructorsBeautiful Bridle Path and Good HorsesUniversity of Chicago Riding HeadquartersMidway 9571 Phone Dorchester 8041ROOFINGGROVEROOFINGCO.(Gilliland)Old Roofs Repaired New Roofs Put On'22 Years at 6644 Cottage Grove Ave.Lowest Prices — Estimates Free Fairfax 3206 DR. H. C. WEIGERTSCALP SPECIALIST5238 Lake Park AvenueMIDWAY 3836SCHOOLSPRACTICAL BUSINESS TRAININGBusiness Administration, Executive-Secretarial14 Other Practical Courses - Train for Assured SuccessCollege Grade Courses 76th Year Write for CatalogBRYANT & STRATTON COLLEGE18 South Michigan Avenue Randolph 1575TIMELy ART GUIDANCEExperienced • Progressive • SuccessfulSummer Session Starts July 6Fall Session September 6 — 30th YearCHICAGO ACADEMY OF FINE ARTS1 8 South Michigan Avenue - ChicagoTHE CHICAGO LATIN SCHOOLFOR BOYSPreparation from Kindergarten to CollegeOur Graduates make excellent University Records1531 N. Dearborn Pkwy. SUPERIOR 5734CHICAGO SCHOOL OF SCULPTUREVIOLA NORMAN, DirectorLife Modeling — Life DrawingAbstract Design — CompositionWrite for Catalog Studio 1011 Auditorium Bldg.Telephone Harr. 3216 Fifty-six East Congress St.COLLEGE PREPARATORY SCHOOLPrepare for Leading Colleges in Months not YearsHigh School Requirements in Shortest TimeConsistent with Thorough InstructionMorning and Evening Classes23 East Jackson Blvd. Webster 2448RUG CLEANERSTEL TRIANGLE 3640 ESTABLISHED 1910GRAGG — Certified Rug CleanersOF ORIENTAL AND DOMESTICRUGS AND CARPETS EXCLUSIVELY911-13-15-17 East 75th StreetSADDLERYW. J. WYMANManufacturer, Importer and Dealer inHigh Grade Saddles, Polo Goods, Etc.Chjcago Riding Club Building, 628 McClurg CourtLake Forest Store— 210-212 Westminster Ave., EastTelephone Superior 8801 THE FAULKNER SCHOOL FOR GIRLSA Day School for Girls of All AgesPrepares Its Graduates for All Collegesand UniversitiesThe College Board Examinations AreGiven at the School4746 Dorchester Ave. Tel. Oakland 1423MacCormac School of CommerceBusiness Administration and Secretarial TrainingDAY AND EVENING CLASSESEnter Any Monday1170 E. 63rd St. H. P. 2130I5Q THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEJ. J. Weight, S.M. '25, M.D., is in generalpractice at Provo, Utah. *** John M. Waugh,M.D., is fellow in surgery at the Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minn. **^ W. F. Swengel, M.D.,is interning at the Los Angeles County GeneralHospital. *** Clyde A. Lawlah, M.D., is serving his second year of interneship at Flint Good-ridge Hospital, New Orleans.Law1907Arnold B. Hall, J.D., has been appointed director of the institute for government researchat Brookings Institution in Washington. Mr.Hall was formerly president of the Universityof Oregon.1909Earl D. Hostetter, '07, J.D., was electedrecently to the Board of Trustees of RushMedical College.1913Lloyd D. Heth, ex, and Andrew D. Collins,ex, 'n, are members of the law firm of Heth,Lister and Collins, at One N. La Salle St., Chicago.1914Mitchell Dawson, 'n, J.D., was the authorof the lead story in the Atlantic Monthly inNovember. The title was Paul Pry and Privacy.1916Clarence M. Thomas practices law at Burley,Idaho.1920Kathryn O'Loughlin, J.D., Congresswoman-elect from Kansas, stopped over in Chicago inDecember to visit, while on her way to Washington to attend the lame duck session of Congress. She was present at the Autumn AlumniAssembly on December 7, and there met manyold friends.1923LaVerne Norris and Mrs. Norris spent twomonths in Europe this summer, visiting Italy,Switzerland, France and Germany.1927Richard C. Rugen is partner to Henry R.Baldwin, of 74 West Washington Street, Chicago.1928Harry L. Schenk, '26, J.D., after completing aterm of office as assistant state's attorney of WillCounty, has now entered private practice inJoliet. *** Bryce L. Hamilton, '23, J.D., is associated with the law firm of Winston, Strawnand Shaw, First National Bank Bldg., Chicago. 1929Jacob Geffs, J.D., is professor of law at theUniversity of Alabama.1930Harry C. Partlow, J.D., is general counsel forthe Casey Construction Company, General Contractors, at Casey, 111., in addition to his generallaw practice.Divinity1897A. R. E. Wyant has been elected president ofthe Chicago Baptist Social Union.1910H. L. McNeill, Ph.D., has been appointed tothe Chair of New Testament Interpretation inMcMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario.1918Newton H. Carman, A.M. '17, B.D., is director of Christian education of the Iowa BaptistConvention. His work includes supervision ofSunday School and Young People's Work in 280Baptist Churches in the state, and other promotional work in connection with vacation ChurchSchools, leadership training, and one of thelargest summer assemblies. He is an occasionalcontributor to religious-educational and religious magazines.1921P. R. Hackett, A.M. '21, is in charge of theJudson Baptist High School, Moulmein, Burma.1929Marvin B. Schafer, Ph.D., began his workin September as head of the Department ofSociology at the College of Puget Sound, Washington.i93iJ. M. Rife, Ph.D., is professor of Ancient Languages and Acting Head of the Biblical Department of Earlham College, Richmond, Ind.1932Chaplain M. O. Beebe, A.M., has been assigned to Chanute Field, Rantoul, 111. *** B. M.Mow, A.M., returned in November to his fieldof work in Jalalpor, Surat District, India. ***Chaplain J. H. Borleis, ex, is on duty at Governors Island, New York. *** Peter C. Schroder,ex, has been appointed Chaplain at Fort Amador,Canal Zone. *** Chaplain Hudson B. Phillips,ex, and Mrs. Phillips, who was recently ordained to the Baptist ministry, are located atFort George G. Meade, Maryland. *** D. L.Woodward, ex, has resigned the pastorate of theFirst Baptist Church, Birmingham, Mich., tobecome pastor of the First Baptist Church, LaGrange, 111.NEWS OF THE CLASSES AND ASSOCIATIONS 151Education1909Florence Silverman teaches kindergarten atCornell School, Chicago.1924Mary Willcockson is Elementary Supervisorof the McGuffy School at Miami University.She is also giving extension courses once a weekat Dayton, Ohio. 1929Fred G. Stephenson, A.M., has been electedto the office of superintendent of the LaSalle-Peru Township High School, and director of theLaSalle-Peru-Oglesby Junior College. He received his doctorate from the University ofMichigan last June. *** Mable F. Rice is instructor in character research at the Universityof Southern California. She is co-author of abook, Conduct Problems, recently published byMacmillan.SCHOOLS — continuedTHE MIDWAY SCHOOL6216 Kimbark Ave. Tel. Dorchester 3299Elementary Grades J unior High PreparationKindergarten French, Dancing, Music and ArtBus ServiceA School with Individual Instruction and Cultural AdvantagesOrthogenic School of ChicagoAffiliated with the University of ChicagoBoarding and Day School forRetarded and Problem ChildrenCatalog on Request1365 East 60th Street MID. 7879 TEACHERS AGENCIESTJ»« 1 Teachers 28 E. Jackson Blvd.Ml 1SK. Agency CHICAGOOur Service is Nation WideUNDERTAKERS* SCHNEIDERFUNERAL DIRECTORSFine Chapel with New Pipe OrganSEDAN AMBULANCETel. Fairfax 2861 6110 Cottage Grove Ave.Pestalozzi Froebel Teachers CollegeKindergarten — Primary— Dramatics — SpeechStrong, Practical CoursesCentrally Located in Downtown Chicago. Dormitory.Accredited -37th yr.-2,3f4yr. Courses-Special Courses616 S. Michigan Ave. Write for Free Catalogs Wabash 6762STARRETT SCHOOL for GIRLSA Boarding and Day School for High School andJunior College StudentsFully AccreditedA Refined and Stimulating School Environment4515 Drexei Blvd. Drexei 0521ST. GEORGE SCHOOL FOR GIRLS4545 DREXEL BLVD.DAY and BOARDING SCHOOLCatalos Nursery Through High Enter Any TimeATLANTIC 2746SHIPPING AND STORAGEMOVING — STORAGE — SHIPPINGPacking and Baggage TransferSTROMBERG BROTHERS1316 East 61st StreetPhones Dorchester 3211 and 3416 SKEELES - BIDDLEFuneral DirectorsFairfax 0120 Sixty-Third Street and Evans Ave.VENTILATINGTHE HAINES COMPANYVentilating Contractors1929-1937 West Lake St.PHONES SEELEY 2765 - 2766 - 2767Albert Teachers' Agency25 E. Jackson Blvd., Chicago535 Fifth Ave., New York415 Hyde Bldg., SpokaneA general Placement Bureau for men andwomen in all kinds of teaching positions.Large and alert College, and State Teachers' College departments for Doctors andMasters ; Critics and Supervisors for Normals. Also many calls for Special teachersof Music, Art, Home Economics, BusinessAdministration, CorrespondenceTeaching.Fine opportunities in Secondary Schools.A host of best Suburban patrons for gradeand High School teachers. Read ourbooklet. Call.152 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINESchool of Business1927F. H. Sumrall, A.M., is head of the commercial department of the Grove City (Pa.) College,and also teaches business administration there.Social Service AdministrationAlice E. Duffy, ex '14, is police woman forthe city of Fargo, N. Dak. ***Wm. J. Blackburn, Jr., ex, is directing social research at theSchool of Administration at Ohio State University.EngagementsDr. Hilger Perry Jenkins, '24, M.D. '27, toJulia Dodge of Madison, Wisconsin.Noah Barysh, '32, (Rush) to Helen Wein-stein.BirthsTo Myron N. Fisher, ex, '20, and Mrs. Fisher(Alberta Hyman, '24) a son, Charles Louis, June21, 1932.To Harold F. Gosnell, Ph.D. '22, and Mrs.Gosnell (Florence L. Fake, '19) a son, DavidFoote, February 1, 1932. The Gosnells are nowliving at 5522 Kimbark Ave., Chicago.To Noel Keys, A.M. '22, and Mrs. Keys, adaughter, Carol, February 18, 1932, Berkeley,Calif.To S. Morton Creswell, '23, M.D. '25, andMrs. Creswell (Alice Snyder, '25) a daughter,Nancy Coe, October 31, 1932, Tacoma, Wash.To Selby Vernon McCasland, A.M. '24, Ph.D.'26, and Mrs. McCasland (Louise Gaston, '22)a daughter, Mary Ann, April 24, 1932.To Earl W. Johnson, '25, and Mrs. Johnson(Margaret Fisher, '25) a son, Terry Robert,November 16, 1932.To Mr. and Mrs. C. E. John (Louise Wiet-zer, '26) a son, Clinton, March 13, 1932. Mr.and Mrs. John also have a daughter, KayEleanor, born November 24, 1930.To Mr. and Mrs. Ralph H. Smith (EvelynRandall, A.M. '27) a son, Ralph Edwin, April15, 1932-To Dorr R. Bartoo, Ph.D. '28, and Mrs.Bartoo, a son, James Richard, October 26, 1932,Cookeville, Tenn.To Bertram D. Barclay, Ph.D. '28, and Mrs.Barclay (Harriet George, Ph.D. '28) a son,Arthur Stewart, August 5, 1932, at Tulsa, Okla.To William B. Jones, A.M. '28, and Mrs.Jones, a daughter, January 13, 1932, Anchorage,Ky.To Mr. and Mrs. Will M. Colvert (LilaBanner, '29) a son, James Robert, July 6, 1932.To Mr. and Mrs. L. T. Laase (Irma Nuquist,A.M. '30) a son, Paul Leroy, September 6, 1932. MarriagesJulia Taylor, '21, to Dr. William Senstius,December 29, 1931. At home, 105 N. Hamilton,Ypsilanti, Mich.Mary E. Monilaw, '26, to John W. B. Farin-ger, October 1, 1932. At home, 5712 KenwoodAve., Chicago.Evelyn V. Hamilton, '27, to Harry L. Schenk,'26, J.D. '28, June 30, 1932, at Joseph BondChapel. At home, 521 W. Marion St., Joliet,111.Karl A. Mygdal, '28, to Margaret Pringle,'29, November 19, 1932^ Chicago. Mr. and Mrs.Mygdal left for Caripito, Venezuela, immediately after Thanksgiving Day.Ida Ruth Zaretsky, '29, to Frank P. Kronen-berg, 1932. At home, 5400 Greenwood Ave.,Chicago.Cecil A. Morrow, M.D. '32, to Louise A.Forst, August 24, 1932. At home, Viola, Wis.Imogene Jeannette Foltz, S.M. '32, to RobertS. Campbell, Ph.D. '32, October 22, 1932,Topeka, Kansas. Dr. and Mrs. Campbell arespending the winter in Washington.DeathsHenry Christian First, '66, October 9, 1932,Rock Island, 111.Charles Frederick Little, M.D. '63, November 17, 1932, Manhattan, Kansas. Dr. Littlehad practiced in Manhattan for forty-six yearsand was one of the University's oldest alumni.R. A. Windes, '77, '79, D.B. '79, November 11,1932, at Tempe, Ariz. Mr. Windes was one ofthe founders of the Baptist Church in his state.Dr. M. U. Chesire, M.D. '97, September 23,1932.Leo Schoenbrun, '00, J.D. '03, November 14,1932, Hubbard Woods, 111.Willoughby A. Hemingway, M.D. '01, November 8, 1932, Taiku, Shansi Province, China. Dr.Hemingway had been a medical missionary inChina since 1903, and was head of the TaikuHospital. He was decorated in 1919 by theChinese government for his success in stoppinga pneumonic plague epidemic, known as theBlack Death.Ray Prescott Johnson, '04, November 16, 1932,Muncie, Ind.William W. Root, M.D. '04, April 23, 1932,Slaterville Springs, N. Y.Enoch Cook Lavers, '04, August 4, 1932.W. F. Doughty, A.M. '12, August 20, 1932.Howard J. Cunningham, ex '13, December13, 1932, Chicago.James Lee Felton, A.M. '19, April, 1932, atTempe, Ariz. Mr. Felton was Dean of theState Normal School at Tempe.Mrs. Martin Kouri (Ruth Haidee Norris,A.M. '26) November 18, 1932, Missouri.Wketi You Visit ChicagoYou will enjoy stopping at Hotel Shoreland.Make your home, at this distinguished addresswhether you return for a reunion, come for anathletic contest or merely visit Chicago on abusiness or pleasure trip.You will find an atmosphere of true culture andrefinement . . . spacious and luxurious rooms,suites and apartments - furnished in good tastewith every modern appointment.A location as secluded as a beautiful countryestate yet but 10 minutes from the "Loop" viathe Outer Drive or Illinois Central Electric.Your inquiry cordially invited.The Accepted Center of Social ActivitiesHotel Shoreland is privileged to serve noteworthy gatherings — banquets,dinners, dances, teas and luncheons of some of the most prominent of theUniversity of Chicago groups. A wide variety of the most unusual privateparty rooms — a service and cuisine that leaves nothing to be desired.Fifty-Fifth Street at the Lake CHICAGO1 realltf don't knowshould smoke . . .. . . but my brothers and my sweetheart smoke, and it docs give me alot of pleasure.Women began to smoke, so they tellme, just about the time they beganto vote, but that's hardly a reasonfor women smoking. I guess I justlike to smoke, that's all.It so happens that I smoke CHESTERFIELD. They seem to be milder andthey have a very pleasing taste.t/i€ Ciga/i-ctfc f/taf lasies JDett&r© 1933, Liggett & Myers Tobacco Co.