THE UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO MAGAZINENOVEMBER, 1932 number 1Pol. xxvLets Elect a Governorwe can all be Proud of !200 U. of C. Professors UmteonJudge Henry HornerRarely does such a large group of thinking men andwomen agree on anything — least of all a politicalcandidate.But the issue in Illinois is sharp. So sharp that 200University of Chicago faculty members have unqualifiedly endorsed Judge Henry Horner for Governor. Theyhave made public their views. They are active supporters.A great political crisis in the life of Illinois has broughtthem together.Your solicitude for the welfare of the State and the University is as great as theirs. Don't fail to vote for Horner!Cije llmbersttp of Cjjtcago AlumniINDEPENDENT HORNER FOR GOVERNOR ORGANIZATIONJohn F. Hagey '98 . James Weber Linn '97President Chairman, Executive Committee# Stillman Mitchell Franjcland '32 *Secretary mHEADQUARTERS Sixth Floor, Hotel LaSalle Chicago, IllinoisAdvertisementHotelShorelandWken You Visit ChicagoYou will enjoy stopping at Hotel Shoreland.Make your home at this distinguished addresswhether you return for a reunion, come for anathletic contest or merely visit Chicago on abusiness or pleasure trip.You will find an atmosphere of true culture andrefinement . . . spacious and luxurious rooms,suites and apartments - furnished in good tastewith every modern appointment.A location as secluded as a beautiful countryestate yet but 10 minutes from the "Loop" viathe Outer Drive or Illinois Central Electric.Your inquiry cordially invited.The Accepted Center of Social ActivitiesHotel Shoreland is privileged to serve noteworthy gatherings — banquets,dinners, dances, teas and luncheons of some of the most prominent of theUniversity of Chicago groups. A wide variety of the most unusual privateparty rooms — a service and cuisine that leaves nothing to be desired.Fifty-Fifth Street at the Lake CHICAGOAutumn Alumni AssemblyAuditorium, International HouseWednesday Evening, December 7Vice President WoodwardThe Alumni Council announces an informal gathering of alumni, their husbandsand wives, in the Auditorium of the new International House on the evening of December 7, at 8:15 o'clock.As the guest speaker, Vice-President Frederic Woodward will talk most intimatelyof his experiences in the Orient, where he spent the past year as Vice-Chairman of aLaymen's Commission, surveying the work of foreign missions.There will be additional entertainment, the details of which can not be divulgedat this time. Following the program, an opportunity will be offered alumni to inspectthis beautiful building, dedicated to international friendship.Admission to the Assembly will be by ticket, obtainable without cost at theAlumni Office, 403 Cobb Hall. Mailed applications for tickets should be accompaniedby a stamped addressed envelope. The number of tickets distributed will be limited tothe capacity of the auditorium, and will be allotted in the order in which applications arereceived.W$t SUmtarsttp of Cfjtcago jlaaajmeCharlton T. Beck, '04Editor and Business ManagerMilton E. Robinson, 'h, J.D. '13Chair man. Editorial BoardRuth C. E. Earnshaw, '31Associate EditorFred B. Millett, Ph.D. '32, William V. Morgenstern, '20, J.D. '22, John P. Howe, '27Contributing Editors1 aj T H 1Maudie Lorena Stone teaches civics tothe high school girls of Brooklyn but whenthe school year is over she is far more likelyto be found in France or Finland or Formosa than in Flatbush. It was from Honolulu that she made her reservation for thelast Alumni Reunion, and from Colombothat she requisitioned two seats, — front andcenter — for the National Republican Convention.Carl H. Grabo has taught English literature for a quarter of a century. He lectures on Shelley and Byron and theTechnique of the Novel. He has writtena significant work on Shelley, A NewtonAmong the Poets, and has to his credit arealistic novel of mid-western life. Heplays a consistent game of tennis — whatever that may mean — and is a disciple ofCulbertson at the bridge table.wwwJames Weber Linn is a Chicago product.He absorbed the rudiments of an educationas an undergraduate and has added immeasurably to his store of learning duringhis thirty years on the faculty. A popularteacher, a fascinating speaker, he producesa scintillating column for the daily press, and occasionally contributes to such wellknown journals as the Saturday EveningPost and the University of ChicagoMagazine.wwwFor the second time within the year Raymond B. Fosdick contributes to the Magazine. This month we publish the addresshe delivered at the dedication of International House in early October.wwwAnnouncement was made on October 13of the approaching retirement of two famousand beloved members of the faculty. Under the tenure rules of the University,Amos Alonzo Stagg, Director of the Department of Physical Culture and Athleticssince the opening of the University, whocelebrated his seventieth birthday on August16, and Shailer Mathews, a member of theUniversity faculty since 1894, the Dean ofthe Divinity School since 1908, who reachesthe age of seventy on May 26, will be retired from active service as faculty members at the end of the school year.Vice President Woodward and DeanGilkey speak for thousands of alumni intheir sincere eulogies of these two militantleaders in the building of character.The Magazine is published at 1009 Sloan St., Crawfordsville, Ind., monthly from November«? July, inclusive, for The Alumni Council of the University of Chicago, 58th St. and Ellis Ave.,^nicago, 111 The subscription price is $2.00 per year; the price of single copies is 25 eents.t„,v lintered1 as second class matter December 10, 1924, at the Post Office at Crawfordsville,Indiana, under the Act of March 3, 1879.3The Women's Residence HallsVol. xxv No.i®ntbers!ttj) of CfncagoJlaga^meNOVEMBER, 1932— t- — ¦ — ¦ ^Why I Am a RepublicanBy Maudie Lorena Stone, '97, S.M. '03THE RepublicanParty deservesthe thoughtfulconsideration of patriotic Americans becauseof its admirable past,its reassuring presentand its unique fitnessfor leadership in thefuture. Not all whostudy it will becomemembers of the Party ; but those who were"born to it" can find reasons for the "Faiththat is in them ;" and such rarities as genuineIndependents may profitably decide on aparty affiliation which will bring satisfaction and abundant opportunities for service.Resistance to slavery united its founders.Professor Woodburn gives a dramatic account of its origins, which in condensedform is substantially as follows : "The political abolitionists and reformers, representedby Beecher, Emerson, Holmes, and HarrietBeecher Stowe and Julia Ward Howe gavethe party its idealism. The Whigs, suchas Lincoln, Colfax and Horace Greeleybrought it able leadership and the spirit of broad constitutional construction whilethe freesoilers and the Anti-NebraskaDemocrats brought loyalty to the Unionand a devotion to the principle of equalrights to all men under the law." A nobleheritage, and the Republican Party hasfallen on disaster only when it has beenfalse to the precepts and examples of itsforbears.If it has not claimed to champion the"poor" against the "rich," it is becauseLincoln and Garfield and Coolidge andHoover have proved that America is notthe place to set Class against Class, sincethe children have such opportunities toclimb from the log-hut, the tow-path, thecountry store and the mortgaged farm intothe seats of the mighty. An impressiveshare of welfare legislation can be creditedto its policies and leadership. It has consistently fought against measures whichwould tend to pauperize the unfortunateand has succeeded in devising ways bywhich the struggling American may helphimself and maintain his self-reliance andself-respect. Its most revered martyr gavethe classic definition of a democracy, "A56 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEgovernment of the people, by the people,for the people." Oppression and arroganceare intolerable; so also are ingratitude andvituperation. The men who have gainedwealth in America have poured it out forthe betterment of humanity and have givenof their talents and have sacrificed theirtime so generously that other nations areamazed and wistful. The party of Lincolnbelieves in "liberty and justice for all," eventhe rich.It has advocated tariff for Protection aswell as for Revenue; Free Trade, which,incidentally, means tariff for Revenue only,may be an ideal which should work.Traveling round the world, observing thehabitations of the foreign workers, theirmeager schools, their under-privileged children, one may begin to feel that the Protective tariff has worked well as a practicalmeasure. In 1928 the other Major Partydecided to approve this device which theyhad so often attacked. The historic disagreement on tariff policy should be remembered in studying the positions whichthe party leaders have held and are promising in the present campaign.By its descent from the Federalist andthe Whig parties, the Republican Party inherited its attachment to the cause of soundmoney. It was Republicans who foughtrepudiation of the Civil War debt andpassed, March 18, 1869, the law pledgingthe payment of all government indebtedness, in specie. The first Democratic Congress after the Civil War (elected in 1874) ,passed a bill for increase in the issue ofgreenbacks. The Republican. President,Grant, vetoed the bill. In 1875 the lawwas passed providing for the resumptionof specie payments four years later. TheGreenback party was formed in 1876, butwas defeated and Republican administrations made the resumption of specie payments possible on Jan. 1st, 1879, with aminimum of disturbance of business-Even before a "hard money" standardwas an accomplished fact, the Democraticparty began to fight for the remonetizationof silver; the Bland Act passed in 1877 wasvetoed by President Hayes, but passed overhis veto and the government began coining silver at a loss. The Sherman Act of 1890provided for buying bullion, storing it andissuing treasury notes against it; whichwere payable "in coin" ; naturally, redemption in gold was preferred and the goldreserve was endangered. Grover Cleveland called a special session of Congress torepeal the Sherman Act ; both parties weredivided and the repeal was made by thecoalition of the sound money Democratsand Republicans. Mr. Bryan was nominated by the Democratic Party in 1896 and1900 and defeated, largely on the silverissue. The Republicans, aided by the goldDemocrats, passed the gold standard actin 1900, the standard which has so farbeen maintained. There were Republicanswho fought for the free coinage of silverat a ratio of 16 to 1 ; there were Democratswho were zealous for sound money, forhard money and for the gold standard.The Democratic Party three times nominated for the Presidency the outstandingchampion of Silver; the Republican nominees were always for honest money.The Republican Party devised and enacted the National Bank Law in Feb.,1863. The Federal Reserve Act was passedduring the Administration of Mr. Wilson ;but it was the work of a committee ofwhich Senator Aldrich, the Republicanleader in the Senate, was chairman.In 19 1 6 Woodrow Wilson was reelected on the slogan "He kept us out ofwar" ; he was inaugurated March 4th, 1917*and on April 6th following, he asked Congress to declare War. There was a Centralization of Government then, beyondthe wildest dreams of the Federalists, theWhigs or the Republicans. The Democratshad complete political control; the Republicans, eagerly volunteered and cooperated.The restrictions on the services of TheodoreRoosevelt and of Leonard Wood appearedto be due to partisanship.As to there being a reassuring presenton the points cited for an admirable past,the Hawley-Smoot Act has been the mostmisrepresented and least understood tarifflaw in our history. It has been so violentlyattacked that many Republicans avoidspeaking of it and almost believe it is aWHY I AM A REPUBLICAN 7"bad piece of business." It cannot havecaused the unemployment and depressionwhich rightfully are the most pressingproblems to be considered in this election.It became a law June 17th, 1930. Incidentally it may be noted that the nonpartisan Tariff Commission asserted "thatof all the increases 93-73% are upon products of agricultural origin measured invalue and 6.25% upon commodities ofstrictly non-agricultural origin." Whenthe Democrats came into control of theHouse of Representatives they did not propose a change in a single rate. Mr. Raineyof Illinois, Democratic Leader of the Housesaid, "Lower this tariff drastically? You(Republicans) will not do it and we(Democrats) do not dare to do it withconditions as they are. We do not wantthis market flooded with the products ofcheap labor in other countries." Howeverthey prepared a bill proposing a world ^conference to write American tariff duties,and to repeal the flexible provision so thatthe tariff would have been put back intopolitics. President Hoover vetoed the billMay 11, 1932, possibly to the relief of theDemocrats themselves.Conditions today are distressing; butbadly off as our Country seems to be, noother country is so well off. As long aspossible, Mr. Hoover's critics maintainedthat the Administration was to blame andthe wets laid the trouble to the 18thAmendment. Suddenly England went offthe gold standard, and England had neitherHerbert Hoover's administration nor prohibition; our citizens began to read andthink and it is now coming to be understood that our depression is a financialeclipse which has brought darkness to thewhole world, that we were the last countrywhich its shadow reached and that we arethe farthest distant from totality. Formore than two months, confidence has beenreturning; no one can deny that "thingsare better." More workers are being takenback into employment and we are still onthe gold standard. Of course, I believethe surest way to go from these comparatively better times to positively good timesis for enough of us to "tighten our belts and with confidence vote" for Herbert Hoover.The unique fitness of the RepublicanParty for leadership in the future is impressively exemplified by the choice it hasmade in the Candidate for Presidency.Praise of our Candidate does not necessitatebelittling Mr. Hoover's strongest opponent ;this Country will not go to rack and ruinwhichever gentleman (and I use the termadvisedly) is elected. If it has no morestability than that, it cannot long endureunder either. We must decide what weneed and then choose the man and the partywhich we honestly believe will accomplishour will most surely and promptly. Oneman has piloted the ship through one of herworst storms, she has not gone on therocks ; she is beginning to ride more safely ;he knows his crew and has shown wisdom inselecting and training them. The otherman has not had as much national or international experience, he would have toselect a new crew; there is fear that hemight have to include some who haveproved erratic navigators for New YorkCity.Probably the basic cause of the worldwide depression is the World War. Noman living knows as much about the sufferings of innocent non-combatants as doesHerbert Hoover; no one did as much ashe to bring relief and rescue to as manymillions. He believes in Peace with hisheart- and soul; he has consistently urgeddisarmament and naval reduction and protested against the huge burden and imminent danger of keeping Europe still toomuch like an armed camp. The cause ofinternational peace can have no more devout and earnest advocate.Economy is never popular; it may notbe very thrilling to erect and examine fireescapes, to have fire extinguishers tested,to clear out rubbish; but when firethreatens, such work counts more thanfrenzied outcries. In a recent article Mr.Walter Lippman wonders why the Republicans have not recognized that balancing the budget is important. In an articlein the New York Herald Tribune, July17th, 1932, Chester T. Crowell makes thefollowing significant statements : "Away8 THE UNIVERSITY OFback in the dark ages before the WorldWar, President Taft startled the nationby announcing that sound reorganizationand strict economy could save $300,000,000annually in the cost of the Federal Government. The nation was shocked . . . butnothing was done about it. . . . Everypresident since Theodore Roosevelt has hadsomething to say about this, but they didnot prepare detailed plans for a remedy.That job remained for Herbert Hoover.President Hoover began to discourse onthe need of reorganization in 1921, and hehas kept at it continually since, with littleencouragement from Congress and notenough popular support to force action.He has studied the subject ever since, untilnow he has his recommendations in the formof a chart that can be understood at aglance. Some day, however, Congress maysay to the president, 'Here is blanketauthority. You do it by executive decree.'If that ever happens when Herbert Hooveris President, the Congress and the peoplewill find him ready with a definite, simple,workable plan." The records show thatsince Mr. Roosevelt has been Governor ofN. Y. State "the State expenses have increased an average of $32,000,000 each yearover the previous year. The bonded indebtedness has leaped from $355,000,000to $444,000,000. On June 30 of this yearthe State had temporary debts of $135,000,-000, with a net deficit on that date of$62,000,000 and a prospective deficit of$100,000,000 at the end of the presentfiscal year."Fighting for sound money, the UnitedStates is still on the gold standard in spiteof, or more probably because of, the unprecedented activity of the Federal Government in the expansion of credit. In hisspeech of acceptance Mr. Hoover citedthese instances. The capital of the FederalLand Banks has been strengthened; theFarm Board has made emergency loans tothe farmers' cooperatives ; private initiativecreated the National Credit Association;the Reconstruction Finance Corporationwas created; the functions and powers ofthe Federal Reserve Banks were expanded ;a new system of Home-loan Banks has been CHICAGO MAGAZINEestablished. The last House of Representatives was under the control of the Democratic Party and presided over by Mr.Garner, who is now their candidate for thevice-presidency. They pared down thePresident's proposed economy measuresfrom $300,000,000 to $50,000,000 of savings ; they passed a bill destroying the effectiveness of the Tariff Commission, Mr.Hoover vetoed it; they passed the "rubberdollar" bill, Mr. Hoover opposed it andit was held up in the Senate ; they passed abill which would have made the U. S.Government a pawnbroker loaning toeverybody on any or no security, Mr.Hoover vetoed it. Perhaps the most flagrant measure was the Patman bill providingfor issuing $2,000,000,000 of fiat moneyto pay the cash bonus to veterans ; the billfailed in the Senate. Mr. Coolidge succinctly remarked, "In June the financialintegrity of our government appeared to bepermanently established. Congress finallyadjourned and our gold began to comeback."Mr. Hoover has declared that if reelected, he would veto a cash bonus bill;as this goes to press, Mr. Roosevelt hasnot stated what action he would take onsuch a measure, if elected. It is more thanprobable that to issue $2,000,000,000 offiat money would force the United Statesoff the gold standard. Hasty promises willnot solve our financial problems; a littleinvestigation would have shown that to seta million men to planting all the trees inall the public and private nurseries wouldgive them employment for two hours. Ourgold standard is safer with a man who madethe plans for the Reconstruction Corporation and vetoed the attack upon it and whoavowedly will not sign a cash bonus bill.Mr. Lippman, who has announced hewould vote for Mr. Roosevelt, wrote (Oct.12), "He (Mr. Roosevelt) might as wellface the fact that the record of the Democratic House contains measures whichwould have wrecked the currency and hecannot lose much more time in taking astand which will remove all doubt that itis the Chicago platform and not the Congressional program which he will fightWHY SOCIALIST? 9for. ... It means, too, that he must declare unequivocally for a budget balancedby drastic economies and adequate taxes."On Oct. 4th, Mr. Hoover said of his opponents, "It is by their acts in Congressand their leadership that you shall knowthem.""A Change?" — We all want it and hopefor it; I am convinced that a change forthe better is much more likely if there isno change of Administration. I believe achange for the worse is possible ; I shall not vote for a change of leaders nor of Party.I inherited my Republicanism ; but thoughtful consideration reveals no reason tochange my allegiance, for experience hasconfirmed tradition. I inherited Baptisttraditions; and courses with PresidentBurton and President Harper strengthenedthe foundations of the Faith that was inme. Change merely for the sake of changedoes not tempt one woman who was taughtto think for herself in the University ofChicago.Why Socialist?By Carl H. Grabo, '03Associate Professor of EnglishT.>HE term "Socialist," like theterm "Christian,"is loose and asks definition. I mean by it onewho believes that thestate should control forthe common good theproduction and distribution of goods.Whether this controlshould extend to all the products of farmand factory and to all economic services Ineed not here debate. I am concerned onlywith the philosophy which underlies socialism as contrasted with the philosophy ofopportunism dominant today.Our present society the Socialist thinkswasteful, cruel, and stupid. He thinks itlargely the result of the laissez-faire systemwhich has prevailed since the industrialrevolution. Therefore he would substitutefor the competitive system state control ofeconomic processes.Socialism arose naturally in the 19thcentury when the civilization which themachine age produced was seen to be unspeakably hideous. Traditional beliefs, inherited ideas, were inadequate to cope withthe new order of things. We read in the Victorians their bewilderment, their pessimism, their loss of faith in the old philosophies of church and state. Robust minds,unshaken by the social squalor which followed the industrialism of the machine age,declared that all was well, or would soonbe well, for wealth was increasing marvel-ously and all classes of society would sharein it. But it appeared that the massesbenefited either not at all or very littleas compared with capitalists and manufacturers enormously enriched by power industry. The disparity became more andmore evident: cruel poverty or at best subsistence without promise of security, on theone hand, and excessive wealth on the other.In a society of this kind, envy, hatred,brutality, and tyranny were inevitable. "Ifeel," said George Eliot, "that our societyis training men and women for hell."From this war of the classes, from theconflict of those who had and ruled andthe dispossessed who served, Socialism, thenatural application of democratic idealismto economics, inevitably derived. Thepolitical successes of democracy, extensionof the suffrage and the like, brought to thecommon man little that was substantial.Though casting a vote, he might, quiteliterally, starve. The forms of equalityIO THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEwere his but he was a slave to that whichsupplied him bread and butter. Democratic freedom meant little unaccompaniedby economic freedom.Upon Americans a realization of the hol-lowness of democratic political forms amidour industrial oligarchy is dawning butslowly. For we are still close to the pioneerand his individualistic tradition. It ischaracteristic also that we sentimentalizeand falsify the past. We depict the pioneeras a man of noblest motives, heroicallycreating a free land in the wilderness.Noble pioneers no doubt existed, but therewere also, numerously, the lawless and theimprovident whom more civilized communities had cast out. Nor was the life of thepioneer idyllic, whatever his noble intent.He was, characteristically, the victim ofindigestion, rheumatism, malaria, alcoholism, and ignorance. We need but note thedescriptions of frontier life drawn, byrealistic observers. Or if we read DeTocqueville, we find him propheticallywarning us that the democratic experimentwill fail if the best legal brains continue tobe corrupted by the wealthy classes. Donot lawyers fill our legislatures and adviseand protect our industrial barons? Doesnot the law subserve the interests of property? One need not be a Red to declareso obvious a fact. One need only be arealist. So much for a reality truer to ourhistory than the idealized democracy of thefrontier.We Americans characteristically denythese facts and denounce as un-Americanthose who utter them. For we are not arealistically minded people — as witness oursentimental literature. We glorify thepioneer out of all recognition and we glorifythe all too rapid conquest of our continent.It was less a conquest than a spoliation, inwhich we destroyed our forests, gutted themines, wasted the oil, and impoverished thesoil. There was, indeed, so much naturalwealth that we could not waste it all, but aplanned economy would have left us vastlyricher, would especially have left a richerheritage for posterity. It has been said thatthe test of a civilization is its concern forthe generations to come. What has all this to do with Socialism?Very much. Socialism is not a vague idealism, an impractical Utopianism, but themost practical and utilitarian of philosophies. Our much boasted individualism isnine-tenths recalcitrance and lawlessness.We are nobly individual in evading theliquor laws, but in thinking and acting forourselves in matters political and economicwe are a flock of sheep. We are adept atmechanical devices and quick to adopt allmanner of new gadgets, but the state ofIllinois languishes under the Constitutionof 1870, the taxing bodies of Cook Countyare incredible in their number and complexity, our boasted public school systemis pretty much on the rocks, crimes ofviolence are more numerous in the UnitedStates than in any other country with apretense to civilization — but why go on?Motor cars and bath tubs are good thingsin themselves and we can hardly have toomany of them, but they do not constitutecivilization. A civilized country, and agenuinely practical country, would see to itthat every one in it had opportunity forwork, education, and enjoyment. A largeorder, surely, and not to be realized byeveryone going his own way and doing hisneighbor after our present fashion.Our traditional individualism and lawlessness are averse to socializing agencies,yet hostile, curiously enough, to independentthought and action. Minorities have fewrights and meet scant justice with us.Public opinion, community clannishness,organized tradition (the Klan, the American Legion, the D. A. R. and all the rest)bear hard on anyone who differs from thegroup conventions in religion or moralsand, chief, in economic theories. A Redis anyone who criticizes the evident evilsof our social order. Nor can we cooperateconstructively. The cooperative societies sosuccessful in Europe succeed in this countryonly among the foreign born. We uniteto repress, but we do not unite to run ouraffairs for the best interests of everyone.We do not perceive the nature of liberty.I am not enslaved if I work my six oreight hours at the command of the stateand am then free to live my own life quiteWHY SOCIALIST? nas I will, provided that I harm no one.Security is necessary to freedom, securityfrom economic want, security from fear ofwhat the future may bring to us and ourdependents. Obviously, complete individual freedom is impossible to anyone butthe trapper and woodsman, who is, however, less free from the tyranny of naturethan is the town dweller, and whose socialfreedom is won at the cost of companionship and all the benefits which spring fromsocial intercourse. For many freedom isno more than the freedom to stay in oneplace and go hungry, to suffer fear andhumiliation, or to hitch-hike to the otherend of the country and there likewise knowfear and humiliation and hunger. This isthe freedom which our present industrialorder gives to millions in this country today.But it is said that Socialism is possibleonly with a changed human nature and thathuman nature does not change. • That itdoes change over long periods of time iscertain, or else our evolutionary theoriesare false. Within lesser periods, centurieseven, the change may not be measurable,if by it we mean the physical and psychicalheritage of the child at birth. The socialheritage, however, which so largely determines what each of us becomes as we growto maturity, may be greatly modified in avery short time. Biologically speaking, ourElizabethan and Puritan forefathers arevery close to us, but socially, in all ourideals and outlooks, we are vastly removedfrom them. The humanitarian spirit asevidenced in a social and economic philosophy which struggles in our world withthe heritage of barbarism was all but nonexistent in the year 1620. We have comea long way since then. Whatever we maythink of human nature in the abstract,human society does change. Upon thenatural" man, whether savage and cruelor whether "naturally" good until corrupted by the forces of society, the socialinstitutions of mankind, the whole of ourheritage as expressed in our education ofyouth, have a determining influence. Aswe shape our institutions, so do we shapethe individual man.We are again assured with wearisome reiteration that men will not work save atthe spur of necessity and with the incentive of riches. We are, it seems, whollyselfish, stupidly selfish. Well, the obviousanswer is that it isn't so. Look about you !The scientists, the artists, the teachers, thetechnicians, the men in the civil service, inall state employments, the men and officersin the army and the navy have no hope ofriches surely. The most they can hope foris a modest security. Their pay is not, inmost cases, determined by the relative valueof their services, but by their age, extent ofservice, and seniority. Yet these men andwomen, and the rank and file of professional men whose lot is much the same,carry on the world's work, often contributing ideas which are invaluable and forwhich they receive no monetary returnwhatsoever. Craftsmen, artists, technicians,administrators, good workmen of allranks — and they are the vast majority — dothe job well for the love of the job. Thecompetitive spirit will work for the rewardsof distinction or for the unrewardedpleasure of beating a rival quite as muchas for money. Nor is the present spectacleof our economic collapse evidence of anylack of willing and skilful workers nor oftechnical efficiency. It is due to the greedand inefficiency of a small but powerfulclass, not of producers but of exploiters.To this class our laissez-faire system holdsout great and ridiculous rewards. Whetherthe promoter, exploiter, and banker hasever been of service to society to anythinglike the degree of his financial rewards isdoubtful indeed. In our own history thereis a long roll of such. And from JohnJacob Astor and Jay Gould to SamuelInsull, what social service have these menever performed commensurate with theriches they have gained?Each generation adds to the wealth ofthe world, to its material wealth and to itsintellectual wealth. Yet not only do thegreatest benefactors of mankind seldom receive any proportionate reward, but theirbequests are not equally shared by those whofollow them. The nature of our institutions is such that the increment is enjoyedmostly by a few who, by privileged birth,12 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEplace, and inherited wealth, are in a position to command it to their use. Evenwere this privilege done away with, some,by reason of greater powers of acquisition,would, in a freely competitive society command a larger share of this inheritance thanothers. But is it to the social good thatthey be permitted to do so? The historyof competitive industry demonstrates thatit is not.Those hostile to Socialism forget howmuch socialistic legislation is part of ourpresent system. Some control of economicindividualism has come of sheer necessity.Society could otherwise never have survivedin its present form. These concessions tosocial control have been fought to thedeath; legislative interference in industryhas been denounced. Yet concessions havebeen inevitable; for a socialized state, anation-wide direction of production anddistribution, is a logical and inevitable development of mass production. Inevitable,that is to say, if society is not to break downand revert to some more primitive order;and, even if inevitable, attained only withgreat difficulty if the evolution is resisted.The socialist believes that institutionalchanges are vastly better made if anticipated, if we act, that is, in accordance witha theory. In all constructive enterprise, inbuilding, in art, in laying out a railroador writing a novel, intelligent planning isprerequisite to good results. Our presentsocial structure resembles one of thoseprimitive dwellings where to the originalcabin have been added a succession of lean-tos, sheds, barns, and miscellaneous outhouses, all vastly ugly and inconvenient.The necessity for plan, for forethought,is self-evident, and yet what do our old political parties offer us to remedy the grave evilsof our society? A bit of patchwork hereand there, but nothing more. The Republican and Democratic parties have no philosophy save to alter conditions as littleas they can and only as they must. For along future, for a better state, they haveno constructive view. In the midst of adepression due to economic ignorance andstupidity, they have trust only in the traditional American optimism. Prosperity isaround the corner and will inevitably return if we only believe hard enough in itsreturn. It is easy to see why faith-healershave always found America a happy hunting ground. No people surely was eversuch easy game for religious and politicalquacks, nor trusted so little to the intelligence supplied by nature presumably for itssalvation.There are mutterings in the air whichgovernments should heed. The idioticsystem which permits food to waste whilemillions are underfed is stirring a spirit ofrevolution in many Americans who wereonce conventional conservative citizens.Riots and destruction, revolution even, arequite possible here as they have been inEurope. It will be stupid and tragic ifwe do not avoid them by intelligent foresight. I do not like to believe that onlyby smashing wholly the old regime, as wasdone in Russia, can a new and better orderof society come. Communism is wastefuland destructive. Socialism can be intelligent and constructive if we wish to makeit so. But our immediate choice is betweenthe two. The older order of things isdoomed. There is a third possibility, ofcourse, Fascism. It may be tried, but I donot think it will succeed. This country istoo large and varied for a successful despotism to endure. No, we can adapt ourselves intelligently to a changing order ofthings or we can scrap the old system andstart all over. I am far from confident thatintelligence will prevail, but I think it isthe duty of every educated person concernedfor his country's well being to aid it todo so.^%&m%®®®%£>Why I Am Voting the Democrat TicketBy James Weber Linn, '97Professor of Englisha;v LL my own "campaigning" this-fall has been forJudge Horner for governor of the state ofIllinois, because I consider his election as essential to the avoidanceof a crisis. But I shallvote for Roosevelt forpresident, and the editor of the Magazine has asked me to saywhy.I shall vote for Roosevelt for much thesame reasons that led me to vote for T. R.in 19 1 2, for LaFollette in 1924, and forSmith in 1928 — because I think he is theablest man nominated who has a chanceof election, and because he looks forwardto government for the people, instead ofbackward to government of the people.Government BY the people we have neverhad, and shall never get.In my judgment Hoover is an honestman, an earnest man, but an economist outof date, and an engineer who cannot handlethe foremen. Crude as are most of thedirectors of the Democratic organization,they do not seem to me corrupt ; whereasthe way of the Republican managers is invariably the way of the serpent on the rock.Listening to Hoover's speech at DesMoines, and then reading it in full thenext day, I was once more impressed bythe president's economic Bourbonism. Hehas never forgotten anything — unless it istrue that he used to be a Democrat — andhe has never learned anything. He is convinced that a high tariff helps the farmers;he firmly believes in an inelastic currency,and prefers the sound of the words "goldbond" to the ability of bond-issuers to payinterest or even principal; and he is quitecertain that whatever he proposes, if hecould only get it enacted into legislation,would save the people of the country from themselves. Unfortunately, he has notshown either the moral force or the diplomacy to get what he proposes, as he hasproposed it, enacted into legislation by thoseextraordinary groups of legislators who callthemselves the representatives of the Republican party, and since the "depression"still continues, relies upon the failure ofwhat with the assistance of the Democratshe has been able to get done, to convincethe country that it was the Democrats whocaused it to fail.But I was yet more impressed by therealization that Hoover cannot control theleaders of his own party. He did not dareto make a speech in Illinois, even from histrain, because he was afraid to permit hisname to be associated with the namesof the Republican leaders in Illinois;andi they — their names are Big Bill andLittle Len, at the moment — are typicalof Republican leaders wherever you findthem.Hoover — or, if you prefer, Hoover'saffiliates — being out of the question therefore, Norman Thomas remains as a possibility to be considered. He too, I suspect,is an able man, with a most agreeable personality. But I refuse to vote for Thomasfor three reasons. In the first place, I amno more in sympathy with the futilities ofa dreamy radicalism than I am with thefutilities of a greedy Bourbonism; in thesecond place, every vote for Thomas is avote, in effect, for Hoover; and in the thirdplace, able and sympathetic as Thomas is,Roosevelt seems to me his superior in bothability and sympathy. By sympathy I meansympathy with the people, who are to begoverned in the next four years either bythe affiliates of Hoover, or by Franklin D.Roosevelt.Roosevelt is not only intelligent; he is aman who can control other men, who canget done what he wants done, if his partyhas a majority, and in time persuade his1314 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEproposals into enactments even if it has not.A cheap man who has the ability to controland persuade is properly called a demagogue. A clear-thinking man who has thisability is properly called a statesman.Roosevelt is a statesman.In 1 910, elected state senator, he foughtTammany almost single-handed, and lickedthe Tammany candidate for the UnitedStates senate. Two years later he foughtand licked Tammany again, promoting thecandidacy of Woodrow Wilson for president. For eight years, which included thewar years, he more than any other one mandirected the affairs of the United Statesnavy. He was only Assistant Secretaryfrom 19 1 3 to 1 92 1, but I doubt if manyeven of you, the college-bred readers of thismagazine, remember the names of hissuperiors. In the next seven years he waschiefly engaged in fighting and overcominginfantile paralysis, a fight and a victory thatwere characteristic of the man's courage anddetermination. Getting his health back hefinally accepted the nomination for governorof New York, a nomination he had twicepreviously declined because he believed in"making one battle at a time," and wastriumphantly elected in the "most Republican year" this country has seen since 1864.In the face — mind if I say the shadow? —of a constantly Republican legislature hehas succeeded in getting more progressivelegislation enacted than any other state,with the possible exception of Wisconsin,has even seen proposed. He has workedfor unemployment insurance, old age pensions, workmen's compensation, the relief ofrural taxpayers, the systematization of laborlegislation, and the state control of publicutilities. No man in the country was moredespised by Samuel Insull, unless perhapsit was some one of those on Mr. Insull'ssucker-lists. He threw out the TammanySheriff Farley, and eased out the TammanyMayor Walker. He has never withdrawna plan because it was opposed by politicians,never contradicted his words by his actions,never weaseled, and never lost a real fight.A man of that type is a good enough man for me, provided he stands on a platformwith which I can in general agree; andalthough I don't altogether like the Democratic platform, I decidedly prefer it to theRepublican platform as a whole.I have said nothing about "prohibition,"or "repeal." That does not seem to mean important issue. I am a wet, but nota militant wet. I do not believe that theeffort at prohibition has cost us enough inmoney to grow excited about, or that repeal would put enough people at work inbreweries and elsewhere to affect oureconomic situation particularly. I do notbelieve that my refusal to abide by theprovision of the liquor laws has affected mycharacter or made me scoff at law ingeneral. I can buy all the good whiskeyI want for six dollars a gallon, I can makemy own gin, and I never did like beer.Finally, I am perfectly certain that nomatter which party gets into power this fall,the public opinion of the city populationswill force repeal presently, and state optional legislation. As for Mr. Hoover, hedoesn't drink because he doesn't like thetaste of alcohol; and as for Mr. Roosevelt,he doesn't drink because alcohol isn't goodfor him. So the prohibition issue will notaffect my vote in any way; even though Iam a member of the Crusaders, at a cost ofthe price of one gallon a year.This country needs two things in particular. It needs a commonsensc low-tariffpolicy, and it needs progressive leadershipin Washington. With Mr. Hoover in theWhite House, honorable gentleman as heis, it will get neither. With FranklinRoosevelt in the White House, it will, inmy judgment, get both. So I shall vote forRoosevelt. If he is beaten, I shall not however despair of the country's salvation. Ishall merely postpone my hopes. But ifJudge Horner is beaten, I shall send myfamily to California for the winter, if theyhave to go by 'bus, because I do not thinkthe state, and particularly the city ofChicago, will be safe for women and children with a man like Thompson in chargeof state affairs.The University MournsDr. Nathaniel Allison, former professorof surgery, in charge of the division oforthopedic surgery at the University. Dr.Allison died in La Jolla, California, August30, 1932, as the result of a heart ailment.He was one of the country's best knownorthopedic surgeons, and was awarded theD.S.M. for service as chief of orthopedicsurgery of the First Army, A. E. F.* * *Dr. Frank Billings, professor emeritusof medicine, leader in his profession as aphysician, and builder of medical andresearch institutions. Dr. Billings was responsible for the establishment of the McCormick Institute for Infectious Diseasesand was instrumental in the building of theBillings Memorial Medical Center. Hedied September 20, in his home in Chicagoat the age of 78. The medical professionlost a great leader and the University agreat teacher in his death.# # #Professor Ernst Freund, recognized asthe foremost authority on public law inthe United States, died in Billings Hospital October 20th, one day after he had beenstricken with a heart attack in his office inthe Law Building. A member of its facultysince the Law School was established in1902, Professor Freund held the John P.Wilson chair. "He was one of the choicestspirits I have ever known," President Hutchins said. "His death is an irreparableloss, not only to the University communitybut to legal scholarship."* * *Professor J. Paul Goode, professoremeritus of geography, author and cartographer. "As a cartographer ProfessorGoode had no rival in this country," saidProfessor Harlan J. Barrows, Chairman ofthe Department of Geography, "He helpedgreatly to establish new standards of map-making. He has left a deep impress onuniversity work in the field of geography, no less through research than through teaching, and his influence as a man." ProfessorGoode died August 5, 1932, at Little PointSable, Michigan.m m mMartin A. Ryerson, president of theBoard of Trustees from 1892 to 1932,gsenerous donor and wise friend of theUniversity, who died August 11, 1932, athis Lake Geneva home. Mr. Harold H.Swift, President of the Board of Trustees,said of him "Mr. Ryerson was one of thegreat figures in the life of the University,as he was in the life of the city. His intelligent and sympathetic understandingof the problems of a great educational institution, and his exceptional wisdom andability in practical affairs made him theideal President of our Board of Trustees.. . . We have lost a staunch friend."* * *John Merlin Powis Smith, Old Testament scholar, translator, and member ofthe University faculty since 1899. Dr.Smith was closely associated with WilliamRainey Harper, first President of the University, and maintained at the Universitythe tradition of fine scholarship in Semiticthemes and those associated with the ancientHebrew peoples. His influence as a translator of the Bible is ever growing, and hisinfluence as a teacher will long remain withthose so fortunate as to have been hisstudents. Dr. Smith died aboard the"Laconia," September 26, 1932.* * *Dr. Ernest J. Wilczynski, ProfessorEmeritus of Mathematics, author and inventor of the mathematical system knownas projective differential geometry, whodied September 14, 1932, in Denver,Colorado. Dr. Wilczynski was a memberof a number of learned societies and helda decoration from the Belgian RoyalAcademy.15Keeping Up With the FreshmenANNOUNCEMENT that the first-f-\ year survey courses of the Univer-¦*• -*- sity's new plan of education are nowavailable through correspondence study willbe of interest to alumni, particularly thoseengaged in teaching. Those alumni whomay feel that the education they acquired inearlier, and perhaps easier, days on the Midway is outmoded, now have the chance tolearn for themselves what the 1932 modeleducation is like at Chicago. Alumni whoare teaching, particularly those engaged inhigh school and college work, are offereda means of becoming familiar with the newtype courses. Representing an integrationof subject matter hitherto scattered amongnumerous unrelated courses, the four general courses were devised by the cooperativeaction of the University's best scholars andteachers. They provide an expert estimateof what is essential material in the humanities, the social sciences, the physical sciences, and the biological sciences, and inaddition supply the latest and most representative reading lists in each of the fourfields. It is anticipated that through theHome-Study Department, the courses willbecome of great value to teachers.The extension of the Chicago planthrough the correspondence method is thesecond step taken since June, when it became apparent that the new plan is a success, to disseminate the values of theeducational experiment outside the University. The first step was the announce ment of the project to produce eighty reelsof sound pictures, based on the surveycourses, for use in high schools, colleges,and adult education groups. Several ofthese pictures have been completed, andothers are under way."The survey courses are designed notonly for college students," Professor Her-vey F. Mallory, Secretary of the Home-Study Department, said in announcing theoffering through his department, "but alsofor men and women in the professions andvocations who sense increasingly the needof a broad foundation of integrated knowledge in order to interpret more truly theconditions and trends in our economic andsocial order and to understand the significance of the contributions of the sciencesto daily life."Taught by the same instructors who arein charge of freshman work at the University, the courses are the same in contentas those which the first year class is nowtaking. The biological sciences course surveys the fields of botany, zoology, physiology, anatomy, psychology, bacteriology andrelated subjects; the humanities coursessurveys history, literature, and the fine arts,religion, philosophy, and related subjects;the physical sciences course surveys physics,chemistry, mathematics, geology, geography,and related subjects, and the social sciencescourse surveys economics, political science,sociology, and related subjects.What Price a Ph.B. ?Maybe the University of Chicago Magazine will give a prize to the bright alumnuswho sends in the most correct answers tothese sample questions from the June Com-prehensives for Freshmen, and, then again,maybe it wont. But just for the sake ofthe exercise, try your college education onthese: From the Biology ExaminationIn each blank spaed write the number of themost appropriate term:7. Hallucination2. Illusion3. Delusion4. Excessive Impulsion5. Apraxia 6. Rationalization7. Hysteria8. Phobiag. Manic-DepressiveInsanity16KEEPING UP WITH THE FRESHMEN 17 Healthy Mr. Jones uses $20.00 worth of . . Caesar, Augustuspatent medicine per week. Calvin............ When Robert failed in the sixth grade, he Capture of Rome by the Vandalssaid it was because the teacher did not like him Cavour A war veteran cannot see, although his ...... Cervantesvisual mechanism is intact. CharUmagne A straight stick protruding from the' Chartres Cathedral water appears bent. ...... ChaucerS A man believes he sees snakes during Colbertdelirium tremens. Colosseum Because of an injury to the brain, an Conflict of Empire and Papacyeducated man can no longer understand what he Constantinesees in print. Copernicus ............ A patient in the state hospital believes Cromwell that the people about her are trying to poison Crusades her. Dante...... Mr. Adams becomes ve"ry "nervousfJ and Darwinagitated whenever he finds himself in a small Decameron, The enclosure. Descartes ...... A boy walked along a road at night and Epicureanism {Founding of)ran when he saw a white sheet flapping in the Eratosthene's wind. Flaubert Wealthy Mrs. 3 one's cannot resist steal- Foching articles in stores. Frederick the Great A man in the state hospital oscillates be- Galileo tween states of melancholia and exaltation. Gladstone Lady Macbeth said she saw blood on her Gustavus Adolphus hand while she walked in he'r sleep. Hardy, Thomas Harvey From the Humanities Examination Hundred Years' War Jesus of Nazareth A. Each of the following items is to be num- Justinian bered on the left according to the chronological Kantperiod in which it belongs. Keats ......B. On the right of the itdm, indicate by letter Lenin the category in which the item belongs. Locke „ D • j Louis XIV A. Periods r ? . „.. , _ „ „ „ . • Loyola, Ignatius I. Fifth Century B. C. Greece Magna Carta2. Hellenistic Period ca, 330-30 B. C. Maria Theresa3. Roman Empire 30 B. C.,-A. D. 376 Me'nander4. Period of the Barbarian Invasions 376-600 Metternich5. Early MiddU Ages 600-1000 ]] [ * ' 'MiUj John Stuarf '"'6. High Middle Ages 1000- 1 300 • Milton7. Renaissance 1300-1517 .][[[[ Mirabeau ......8. Reformation and Wars of Religion 1517- Mohammed* e /.r 1 • 1 7-7 Mohammedan Invasion of Spain g. Age of Absolutism and Enlightenment Moliere1648-1789... . '.'.'.'.'.'. Monet ."I"."10. French Revolution, Liberalism and National MontaianeUnification !78g-l87o ...... NewtonII. Contemporary Times 1870-^32 Norman Conquest of England '. '. '. '. '. '.B. Categories Qtto ja. Political events and figures. [''' Parliamentary supremacy estab- b. Literary and artistic works and men. lisked in Engiand c. Men and events in religion, philosophy and Parthenonscience- Peloponntsian War A. Period B. Category Pericles Abelard Alexander the Great * * * * * %uinas Funny how much one can forget! Next Bacon, Roger 7 T r n , ,Balzac .1.... month try your- luck on some really hard Bismarck ones from the Physical and Social Sciences.The Grand Old ManAn AppreciationBy Frederic WoodwardVice President, The University of ChicagoFAME generally comes to men becauseof what they do ; not because of whatthey are. Their character may be inferred, or guessed at, from their achievements but it is their deeds which fill thepublic eye.In a striking degree Amos Alonzo Staggis an exception to therule. His achievements, it is true, havebeen remarkable. Hissuccess as a footballcoach alone wouldhave given him anational reputation.His ability to adapthis game, over aperiod of two scoreyears, to almost constantly changing conditions is astonishing.But the most extraordinary thing abouthim is that from thebeginning and insteadily increasingmeasure the admiration, not only of hisfriends but of thepublic, has been forStagg, the man. Andif anyone doubts thislet him ask himself what other coach couldhave suffered as many defeats in footballas Stagg has during the past few years —regardless of the real explanation of thedefeats — and have retained the confidenceand loyalty of the public and the press ?President Harper possessed, with otherremarkable talents, that of detecting inyouth the promise of distinction. Neverwas this talent more fruitfully employedthan in his choice of the young man fromYale and the Springfield Training Schoolas a member of his faculty and as DirectorThe Grand Old Manof Athletics. For the promising young manhas become the "Grand Old Man." Hehas served the University faithfully andconspicuously for forty-one years. With afine sense of values he has never attemptedto turn his success as a coach to financialadvantage but has been content with thenormal salary of hisacademic rank. He hasbeen a rugged leaderin the struggle to freeintercollegiate athletics from the abuseswhich have threatenedtheir existence. Hehas been an exemplarof clean living, ofstraight thinking, ofgood sportsmanship,of self control invictory and defeat, ofphysical and moralcourage. And uponthousands of youngmen and women — notonly the boys whohave been on bigsquads but all whohave come in contactwith him — he has leftthe permanent impressof an unique and unforgettable personality.The memories and the affections ofalumni everywhere will be stirred by thenews of Mr. Stagg's retirement. Theywill review his record with pride ; they willrecount to each other their personal experiences with him and the stories they haveheard of him; they will rejoice in the factthat at seventy years of age he is still haleand hearty; and they will join him in thehope that for many years more, in onefield of activity or another, he will be ableto carry on.18Amos Alonzo StaggA BiographyTHE life of A. A. Stagg has been practically synonomous with the development of intercollegiate athletics andno individual has equalled his influence incontributing to the standards and ethics ofcollege competition. His skill as a coachis universally conceded, but it has been as asincere and effective crusader for sportsmanship and high standards in amateur sportsthat Mr. Stagg became internationallyknown. He has been vigorous in his fightagainst professionalism and evasions of hon- *esty in any form and initiated such practicalreforms as the "one year residence" rule forfreshmen and the restrictions againstmigrant athletes. His own teams have beennoted for their sportsmanship and his influence in this respect has been widespread.Mr. Stagg has always insisted that victoryat the price of unfair methods is not worthhaving ; that sport which does not contributeto character has no justification. As aplayer, as a coach, and member of the Football Rules Committee, of which he is nowthe senior member, he has been a leader inthe development of football to its presentplace as the most popular of college sports.No other coach has approached Mr.Stagg's record of forty-one years service atthe University of Chicago. From his veryfirst years, when still a young man who wasa better athlete than any of his players, hehas been known at Chicago as the "OldMan," and as the "Old Man" he willalways be remembered and admired by Chicago men and women.He was born August 16, 1862, in WestOrange, New Jersey, the fifth of eight children, descendant of Colonial stock, bothsides of which fought in the War of theRevolution. Young Stagg spent all theearly years of his life in West Orange, andthough he lived within sixteen miles ofNew York, did not see that city until hewas as many years old. In the summershe worked cutting hay on the salt meadowsof Newark Bay, labor that toughened analready strong physique. Eighteen years old when he finished district school, he workedhis way through Orange high school inthree years by tending furnaces, lawns, andgardens, and doing other odd jobs. In theautumn of 1883 he entered Phillips-ExeterAcademy. His capital amounted to twenty-one dollars, and during three months ofthe winter his food, bread and milk, costhim sixteen cents a day. There was aSpartan strain in Stagg that has enduredto this day that has made him content withthe simplest of material things and has beenone of the strongest influences on his viewsof life. In the autumn of 1884 ne enteredYale as a divinity student, preceded by considerable. of a reputation as an athlete.Member of the Yale baseball team from1884 to 1890, he pitched the Blue to fivesuccessive championships between 1886 and1890. He was captain of the team in 1888,and that year set a record of 20 strikeouts ina game against Princeton. In 1884 and1885 he was a member of the Yale football team, dropping out of that sport fortwo years, but playing again from 1888to 1890. In 1889 he was selected as endon the "All America" team named by Caspar Whitney, who originated the idea ofthe honorary team that later was associatedwith the name of Walter Camp. Staggwas unquestionably the greatest pitcher ofhis time, and had many offers to pitch inprofessional baseball. He refused them all,although he was offered sums almost fabulous in those days, just as he had refusedoffers of assistance while he was at Yale.Stagg had intended, when he enteredYale, to become a minister, but his ownstern judgment convinced him that he wasnot fitted for the ministry. . Public speaking then was an ordeal for him, and he feltthat this inability to talk effectively wouldbe too great a handicap to his influence asa minister. In later years, by dint of persevering effort, he taught himself to speakin public, and he became an exceptionallyeffective speaker. During its DevelopmentCampaign in 1924-25, he was probably the1920 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEUniversity's most successful representative.After one year in the Yale Divinity School,he left in the autumn of 1890 to become amember of the faculty of the InternationalY. M. C. A. training school at Springfield,Mass. There his success in coaching baseball and football won him wide attention,and when Dr. William Rainey Harperorganized the University of Chicago he persuaded Mr. Stagg to become director ofathletics, with the title of associate professor. Academic rank for an athletic coachwas an innovation, but the long career ofMr. Stagg at Chicago has long since justified this novel step of President Harper's.The "Old Man" has made the post one ofhonor, service, and dignity.In those early days at Chicago there wasa mere handful of students, and Stagg himself, like many other coaches of the timesplayed on his teams because he did not haveenough men to make a team. That firstteam of 1892 played thirteen games againsthigh school and college opponents with Capt.Stagg at quarterback. Within a few seasons, Mr. Stagg had established Chicagoas one of the most formidable of middle-western schools in athletics. In 1894 tneMaroon eleven was the first eastern teamto venture to the Pacific Coast, and beforethe turn of the century Chicago had ranged %east to Pennsylvania and Cornell, for Mr.Stagg early was an advocate of intersec-tional competition. Mr. Stagg was a leading factor in the formation of the westernconference in 1896 and he was a guidingspirit in the code that pioneering organization developed. Chicago won its first undisputed football championship in 1899 bydefeating Wisconsin in a post-season game,going through a schedule of fourteen gameswithout defeat, although twice tied. Formany years Mr. Stagg coached both baseball and track in addition to football. In1904 he became a member of the Football Rules Committee, and is now the onlysurviving member of the original group. Hehas five times been a member of the Ameri- ,can Olympic Games Committee.The great athletes he has coached havebeen legion, and include Clarence Herschberger, Walter Kennedy, "Tiny" Maxwell, Mark Catlin, Walter Eckersall, WalterSteffen, John Schommer, Hugo Bezdek,H. O. Page, Nelson Norgren, Paul DesJardiens, Paul Russell, John and HarryThomas, H. O. Crisler, Charles McGuireand Kenneth Rouse in football, and JamesLightbody, Binga Dismond, Ira Davenport,LeRoy Campbell, and Ned Merriam intrack. Always a resourceful and originalstudent of football tactics, he has mademany important contributions to the strategy of the game. In the days of the shiftplay his formation was widely copied, andhis driving game, built on cross blockingwhich he originated, was sensational.One of the original advocates of theforward pass, from the time that playwas legalized in 1906, his plays were soeffective that many of them are still in use.During practically all his career at theUniversity, Mr. Stagg has been at a disadvantage in material, for Chicago, a privately endowed educational institutionwhich has emphasized quality rather thanquantity of its student body, has a smallundergraduate enrollment in comparisonwith the state universities in the Big Tenthat have been Chicago's athletic rivals. Inthe period following the war, partiqularlyafter 1924, while college enrollment generally was increasing, Chicago limited thenumber of its students, thereby greatly increasing the odds against its success in competition. The "Old Man," however, alwaysnoted for his ability in developing men,managed to turn out teams that won morethan a fair share of their games. Thereorganization of the University, effectedin 1 93 1 j together with the adoption of moreflexible and equitable entrance requirements,has given great impetus to the college division, and there has been a decided improvement in the outlook for athletics.In his four decades of distinguished serv^ice at Chicago, the "Old Man" has been oneof the University's finest representatives, afigure of integrity, and of courageous, evenu militant, adherence to convictions honestlyevolved. He has been a sincere and mightycrusader for the values of character thatunderlie true sportsmanship, great becausehe made the game a means and not an end.Dean Shailer Mathews, An AppreciationBy Charles W. GilkeyDean of the University ChapelALTHOUGH the thirty-nine years ofZ\ teaching at the University of Chi-X V. cago which Dean Mathews willhave completed when he retires next Junedo not quite carry him back to the opening of the University in 1892, they come sonear it, and he himself has throughout thesethirty-nine years been so creative a factorand so conspicuous a personality in the lifeof the University, thathis retirement will seem,not only to all who haveever studied at the Divinity School, but to hiscolleagues and neighbors,to the alumni generally,and to his friends theworld around, an eventof major importance.Shailer Mathews cameto the University at theage of 31 in 1894, as Associate Professor of NewTestament History, having already taught history and political economy for seven years atColby College, his ownalma mater in his nativeState of Maine. He hastherefore been teachingcontinuously for forty-five years. It is a matter of special interestto Chicago alumni that his lifelong association with Ernest D. Burton hadbegun when he substituted for thelatter in the teaching of the New Testament at Newton Theological Seminary,four years before the University of Chicago was founded. In 1897 he was advanced to a full professorship, and in 1899,under Dean Hulbert, he began his notablecareer in educational administration asJunior Dean of the Divinity School. Inthose far-away days the two deans occupiedone small office, and had one part-timestenographer to serve them both. HowDean Shailer Mathewsmany different stenographers in how manydifferent offices Dean Mathews has keptbusy in these later years, only he canreckon up. He succeeded Dean Hulbert in1908, and will have completed next Junetwenty-five years as Dean of the Divinityschool. Meanwhile his chair had beenchanged to the professorship of HistoricalTheology — a further evidence of the versatility which has markedhis entire career as ascholar.A group of his colleagues and former students, under the editorialleadership of Dr. MilesH. Krumbine of Cleveland, are publishing acommemorative volumeof papers in honor of hisseventieth birthday nextspring. This volumewill contain a notableessay by Professor E. E.Aubrey of the DivinitySchool, on Dean Mathews' contribution tomodern theologicalthinking, to which readers of the Magazineinterested in this phaseof his religious leadership are especially referred. The essaystresses from its first sentence onward thecardinal fact "that the Dean is primarilya historian and not a systematic theologian.It is in the field of the history of doctrinethat his major interest lies. He came intothe theological field from the direction ofhistory rather than through philosophy;and this initial concern has profoundly affected his whole development."Professor Aubrey finds Dean Mathews'great contribution to theology in his interpretation of the relations between theologyand the social process. Man has continually rationalized his religious experience22 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEin terms and forms of thought provided byhis contemporary social customs and institutions. It is appropriate therefore, andconsistent with Dean Mathews' own guiding theological principle, to note here thatin the twenty-three volumes and fourteenmajor articles which he has published sincecoming to the University, he has taken aleading part in the three great movementsof theological thought during his lifetime:the emancipation of religion from biblicalliteralism and theological dogmatism; theinterpretation of religious thought and expression in terms of man's social experience ;and the re-examination of the idea of Godas it bears on man's place in the universe inthe light of modern science.To the thousands who have studied theology under his guidance at the DivinitySchool during these thirty-nine years, however, Dean Mathews has been not simplyan emancipating and illuminating theological teacher. He has been the administratorof the Divinity School within the University, and its most conspicuous representativeoutside. With extraordinary sensitivenessand skill he has held the balance even between the function of the Divinity Schoolas a professional school for the trainingof ministers, and as a graduate school forthe study of religion in human history andexperience, while countless new facts andpoints of view, and indeed new disciplinesentire, have been heaped into both sides ofthe scale. What the Divinity School hasbecome in the estimate of the entire theological and religious world, Dean Mathewsmore than any other man in its history hasbrought about. He is plainly one of theoutstanding administrators in modern theological education.But Dean Mathews would not have carried out his own canons of theological interpretation or his own ideals of religiousleadership, if he had been satisfied to limithis activities to the Divinity School. In thedevelopment of courses on religion for undergraduates, in the activities of the University Settlement and the UniversityChapel, in the Institute of Sacred Literature and the publications of the UniversityPress, he has taken a leading part. He has been one of the natural leaders of the faculty ever since he joined it. And beyondthese quadrangles, he has been for nearlyforty years an active member of the HydePark Baptist Church; was for many yearsPresident of the Baptist Executive Councilof Chicago, and largely made it what it isto-day; has served as president of the Chicago Church Federation, of the NorthernBaptist Convention, and of the FederalCouncil of the Churches of Christ in America; and in these last years has given invaluable service to the cause of Christianunity and of world peace in a succession ofinternational conferences. Meanwhile forat least fifteen years he has directed eachsummer the religious program at Chautauqua. In short, not only one of the outstanding theological thinkers, but one ofthe foremost religious leaders of his generation.Those of us who know him as a neighborand love him as a friend, will always thinkfirst and most of the man himself. Whatbriefest sketch of him would be completethat did not emphasize his unique and characteristic gift of humor: that coruscatingcapacity for breath-taking phrases and epigrammatic characterizations that seem tosurprise and delight him no less than hishearers, and keep both alike agog with expectancy of the next flash of mental fireworks? Who could forget his descriptionof the Mayflower as "a transatlantic furniture van," or of certain anaemic saints as"not only salt that" has lost its savor, butpepper that has lost its pep"? And whothat remembers either Greek or zoologywould wish to miss his retort to one ofhis non-theological colleagues who accostedhim one morning with the greeting, "Goodmorning, and how's Jonah?" "What haveI got to do with Jonah?" replied the Dean."Why, you're in theology, and isn't Jonahin theology?" "Oh no," came the quickanswer, "Jonah's not in theology: Jonah isin ich-thyology."More characteristic even than his humoris his versatility. In theological discussionor in a devotional prayer-meeting, at a committee round table or an editorial desk, inplanning a campaign or in carrying it for-THE NEW INTERNATIONALISM 23ward, in expatiating on his apple-orchardor his grandchildren, Dean Mathews isequally at home.And most characteristic and distinctive ofall is his inexhaustible energy. Neither hisstudents nor his colleagues can believe thathe will be seventy on his next birthday:there must be some mistake in thefigures.Never has he been so full of new ideas, enthusiasms, and projects as in these lastmonths and recent years. As one colleagueIN HIS recent presidential address before the British Association in London,Sir Alfred Ewing, himself a distinguished engineer, frankly confessed hisdisillusion about the benefits of modernscience. He looked back "on the sweepingpageant of discovery and invention" inwhich he used, "to take unlimited delight,"and now it seemed dust and ashes. Insentence after sentence he echoed Ruskin'slamentation over man's growing enslavement to the ingenuity of his inventions.Science can give us more and more food;but what use is it, if through lack ofreasonable distribution, we starve in sightof this new wealth? Science can give usleisure that was never dreamed of by ourgrandfathers ; but of what avail is leisure ifman does not discipline himself to use itwith mental and spiritual profit? Sciencecan give us power to learn the structureof the atom and track down the neutron toits final hiding place, but what good is itif we use this power to turn the worldinto an armed camp in preparation for thenext cataclysmic slaughter? •Sir Alfred's voice is not the croaking ofa benighted mediaevalist. He does notadvocate any moratorium for scientific invention. He merely affirms what manyother scientists have affirmed before him :that in this generation man is fighting a said the day his retirement was announced,"It will take at least five men in the fortiesto make up for the dynamic energies of hismind and spirit." Whoever his successor,he will not be able to dictate letters, answerthe telephone, give directions to his secretary, and counsel with half-a-dozen students and visitors, all in the same room andall at once. And whatever the future, itwill not be the same Divinity School without Shailer Mathews behind the Dean'sdesk.war for mastery over the creatures of hisown invention.Now this attempt of man to tame hisown machines is without doubt the focalpoint of most of the problems of this age.It is not confined to a single country or toa group of countries. It is not limited evento the Occident. For our machine civilization is irresistibly pushing its way into thefar corners of the earth. Russia has embraced it with passionate ardor, and allalong the frontiers of Africa and Asia theresistance of the machineless age is givingway to the machine. It is becoming increasingly self-evident that this world cannotremain half mechanized and half free. It ismore and more inconceivable that the loomsof Manchester and the spinning wheels ofIndia can operate at the same time on thesame globe. In the long look ahead, eventhe tremendous figure of Gandhi cannotkeep India on a handicraft basis, any morethan Henry Thoreau could stop the marchof the railroads a hundred years ago. Myown instinctive sympathies and my spiritualallegiance are with Henry Thoreau ratherthan with Henry Ford; but I am compelledto admit that the dynamic forces which,superficially at least, have shaped our ageand seem to be shaping the future arecoming from Dearborn rather than fromWalden Pond.The New Internationalism: A Plea forDiversityBy Raymond B. Fosdick24 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEAt this point perhaps a qualification isnecessary. It is at least conceivable thatin a fit of rage over their dominance, orin a mood of weariness over the pace whichthey create, man might turn on his ownmachines and smash them. It is even moreconceivable that through perversity orignorance he might find himself increasinglyunable to make use of them. His mismanagement of economic laws or his insistence upon war might easily bring aboutthis result — and the landscape of the futurewould be decorated with hills of junk andfestoons of rust to mark the burial place ofour contemporary civilization.I say that this eventuality is conceivable.My belief, however, is that somehow orother — and probably on a basis none toointelligent — man will keep his machines.Having once harnessed physics and chemistry to do his work he will not easily bedriven to abandon them. He will doubtless make cruel and costly mistakes in theiroperation. He will be ruthless in followingtheir leadership. He will leave behind himthe wreck of a world which in some aspects,at least, was fair and beautiful. But inlaying hold of the physical sciences as aweapon for his own advantage, he hastasted the blood of conquest, and now hewill not stop until he comes to the end.The jungles of Africa will go down beforea flood of automobiles and radios, and thebillboards on the highways of Asia will proclaim the advantages of sewing machines,canned soups and shaving soap.We must look forward, therefore, - to aworld that is bound together in terms oftime and space far more closely than atpresent — a world that is tied together bythe ever-increasing centripetal force of international interests. We shall harnesswind and sunlight ; we shall reduce distanceto minutes and seconds; and whether welike it or not, we shall accustom ourselvesto having the Argentine and Czechoslovak-ian dropping in for tea.Indeed it may be argued that the basicdifficulty of the present age is that theworld is only half mechanized. Accordingto this thesis, the crudities of our contemporary machine system are due to the fact that we are living in the midst of a con^quest, and wars of conquest are alwaystimes of unsettlement. We are witnessing a struggle between two different kindsof worlds: the old world and the new;between two different centuries: the 18thcentury and the 20th century. One civilization is built on top of another — like theruins of a Greek city — and we are tryingto live in both civilizations at the sametime. Until one civilization is completelydominant, until the machine, for good orevil, has extended its mastery over the entire earth, there can be no peace, and butlittle basis for an ordered life.However valid this conception may be,the fact remains that we face in the futurethe probability of a thoroughly mechanizedworld, and consequently a world fromwhich external diversities will graduallydisappear. Inventions like the radio andthe movies will tend to level civilizationto a common denominator. Possessions ofthe same kind and type — whether they beParis fashions or breakfast foods or stylesof architecture or men's hats or cigarettes —will gradually break down the differenceswhich hitherto have made of civilization agarment of many colors. Even in thatparadise of the far-off island of Bali, theinfiltration has begun, and it will probablynot be long before the picturesque costumesof the women will succumb to the Rue de laPaix, and the indigenous dancing and musicof a light-hearted people will be a forgotten memory.-The effect of mechanization, of course,shows itself not only on the material sideof life but on the psychological side. Outof environmental uniformity is coming, andwill come increasingly in the future, aspiritual and intellectual uniformity of fargreater significance. Common physicalsurroundings and possessions, and inventions like the radio and the movies, tendto foster common mental reactions.Standardization cannot be employed on oneside of life without having its repercussionson the other side. Just as inventions candevelop the crowd mind on a national scale,so it is conceivable that they can developthe crowd mind on an international scale.THE NEW INTERNATIONALISM 25Possibly there are those who believe thatthis type of progress- — or rather this kindof change — is desirable. Certainly thereare many thoughtful people who, in tryingto escape from the palsy and discord oftoday, look hopefully forward to a futurethat is characterized by a good deal ofuniformity. Particularly among somegroups that are working for peace thereseems to be at least a subconscious dreamof a kind of heaven on earth — an Augustin-ian City of God, a Baconian New Atlantis,in which all divergencies have beensmoothed away. There is a tendency, insome quarters at least, to visualize thecoming international life as the ultimate anthill, the triumph of collectivism, the Perfect State in which individuals and nationsrenounce forever their right to be out ofstep.The question that arises, therefore, isthis: in building our new interrelatedworld, or rather in being swept into it byour own machines, how far do we wantto go toward uniformity? I do not saythat we can surely control our own destiny in this matter. We are in the grip offorces that seem at the moment to bestronger than we are. The attempt tosoften the impact of the machine on thefuture of man may prove disillusioning.. Butat least we can establish standards by whichwe can pronounce the evolution good orbad. We can decide as a race where wewould like to be, even if we were not completely successful in developing a practicalmethod of getting there.What we are desperately working for inthis generation is a harmonious basis of international life. Our civilization is politically and economically disheveled, due inlarge part, we now believe, to the suddenshaking down of the races of the world intoa single community. Until we can organize this community, until we can equip itwith institutions of control, there is littlehope for relative peace. The difficulty isthat the new community does not particularly care to be organized. We are stillthinking in terms of formulas that longantedate our own sensitively interdependent age of science and technology. For instance, we are still thinking interms of economic nationalism. In spite ofthe fact that our machines have woven theeconomic life of the world into a singlegigantic fabric, and have stricken the word"self-contained" from the dictionary of possibilities, we attempt by means of tariffs,prohibitions, quotas and exchange restrictions, conceived in terms of boundary lines,to doctor up and plaster up a system thatcan no longer exist, in a world like this.We are trying to fit a philosophy of separatism into a situation in which the watertight compartments have already brokendown. We are trying to run a 20th century world with ideas devised for an 18thcentury civilization. Our statesmen eitherdo not know or will not admit that theera of economic nationalism is dead, andunless we are prepared to destroy our factories and sink our ships, it can never againbe resuscitated.Moreover the passing of economic nationalism has dealt a blow to the 19th century conception of political nationalism from which it can scarcely recover.The old days of national autonomy, as ourfathers understood it, have definitely passed.The time has gone when any one countryis free to act in its unqualified discretion.Sixty nations cannot span the earth withtheir ships and airplanes and competingsystems of commerce, and expect the business to run without some centralized technique of understanding and supervision.But a centralized technique involves theabandonment of the old conception of sovereignty. Just as soon as you introduce thecollective principle into the management ofthe world's affairs, you knock the chiefprop out from under political nationalism.Which will you keep : your machines or yourold provincial loyalties? You cannot keepboth. The inescapable logic of a mechanized world forces us toward institutionsbased on the collective principle rather thanon the divisive principle.And here again, we are confronted by theconflict between old ideas and present realities. The attempt to establish the WorldCourt and to bring into being the League ofNations is fought by means of formulas26 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEthat are hoary and tottering with age. Confronted by a situation that is utterly new,we cling to the past with pathetic insistence.Every attempt to translate our economicinterdependence into institutional terms ismet by the ghost of the sovereign state, stillseeking feverishly to retain in its hands theruins of its empire.But the knell has sounded for the old concept of political nationalism just as it hassounded for economic nationalism. Wemay paint it and prop it up for two or threegenerations; we may bolster it up withpalliatives; but it has already begun tocrumble under the onslaught of the machine age, and unless we are prepared totoss our machines into the scrap-heap, we orour children after us will be charged withthe responsibility of giving this exaggeratedparochialism decent burial as an 18th and19th century phenomenon which was notfitted for the new environment of the 20thcentury.Now having said all this, the questionstill remains: does the passing of economicand political nationalism mean the breaking down of all -the cultural differenceswhich hitherto have given such variety tohuman civilization? Does the future promise only a melting pot of architecture, religion, philosophy and art, in which divergencies have been boiled away, leaving aresidue of one substance, temperature andcolor? Are we passing on to our children a world that has been reduced by theprocess of propinquity to its lowest commondenominator ?It is at this point, it seems to me, thatwe must put down a few stakes. Here wemust set up our lines of resistance. Ourtask is the purification of the old conceptof nationalism — the difficult and delicatetask of letting political nationalism bediluted without destroying nationality. Fornationalism and nationality stand for different things. Nationalism is a modernemotional phenomenon which in our timehas degenerated into jingoism, imperialismand intolerance. It is the identification ofall the interests and activities of a country,cultural and otherwise, with its politicalsovereignty. It is the doctrine that all human loyalties must be subordinate toloyalty to the national state. It is markedby a spirit of narrowness, exclusiveness andpatriotic snobbery. It inculcates in its citizens the belief that they are living in aworld by themselves, sufficient unto themselves. It is a threat of power rather thanan expression of culture.Nationality on the other hand is primarily cultural and only incidentally political. Historically it is much older thannationalism. Throughout the ages it hasbeen one of the chief instruments by whichthe aims of humanity have been advanced.It has been the great conserver of humandifferences in all the aesthetic manifestationsof civilization. More than any other factor,it has promoted divergencies in modes ofthought and contrasts in customs and manners. It has been the form in which theaspirations of man for liberty and free development have found expression.If therefore we can dissect nationalityfrom nationalism, if we can clear away thecancerous growth of the last two centuries,we shall preserve the priceless instrumentwhich throughout all the ages has been responsible for the building of distinctivesocial orders and their supporting cultures.The word America should stand not formilitary or economic self-sufficiency, not forthe idolatrous worship of a smug and narrow tradition, not for an unshakable beliefin our excellence over all other nationalities.It should stand, if it can, for a definite culture, a distinct contribution to the technique of human relationships, a capacityfor new creation in everything that -makesfor the good life.That is why the standardization involvedin the machine age is such a threat to thefuture. For each nation has its distinctivecontribution to make to the spiritual wealthof the world, and the stereotyping of lifeand environment in terms of fixed molds iscalculated to dry up the sources of this enrichment. This is a lesson which here inAmerica at least we have not learned.When the United States intervened in Haitiin 19 1 5 one of the two reasons given bySecretary of State Lansing was that thepopulation of that island "should enjoy aTHE NEW INTERNATIONALISM 27prosperity and an economic and industrialdevelopment to which every people of anAmerican nation are entitled." But whyare they entitled to it, particularly if theydo not want it? In Haiti, people are governed not by clocks but by the sun and theseasons. They have an instinct for leisure.Their recreations are not a matter of paidadmissions or forced disciplines, but areutterly spontaneous. What is to be gainedby introducing to Haiti taxicabs and quick-lunch counters and professional baseball?It will be at best a poor imitation ofAmerica, and we shall smother the particularized life of a promising people witha color which certainly will be drab inHaiti, whatever it may be in the UnitedStates.Or take Mexico upon which Americafrequently look^ with condescension. Hereis a country with a highly developed indigenous art, a country of fiestas and flowersand gaiety, a country in which economicwants have scarcely been stirred. In herphilosophy of life, in her sense of leisure,in her lack of exacting organization, in herpictorial arts, Mexico has a significant contribution to make to the western world.Why should she go down under the steamroller of the machine age? What will itprofit us if in exchange for a few gadgetsshe allows her colorful and vigorous culture to be diluted and debased?The conservation of diversity in a machine age is to this generation a supremechallenge. For it is not by Ford cars or byeconomic penetration or by the spread ofculture behind armies and navies that weshall create a world fit to live in. Thepreservation of the music of Bali is of infinitely greater importance than introducingits inhabitants to European education orfilling its roads with motor buses. The artof Japan has a far deeper significance tothe future than any benefit that can be derived from having the Japanese flag floatover Manchuria. The real meaning ofFrance to the world is not bayonets nor thetradition of Clemenceau; it is the appreciation of beauty and the dignity of the simplelife. A country that in this age can produce the towering figure of Gandhi has a spiritual gift for humanity which words canonly falteringly describe. What has ourWestern civilization to give to India as anadequate exchange for such a contribution ?It is not by standardization that we shallbuild a sunnier world than this: it is bydiversity. In an infinite variety of peoples,of works of art, of great personalities, ofwidely contrasting cultures, lie the strengthand hope of the future.This thesis, it seems to me, is directlyapplicable to this new International Housewhich we are dedicating this evening undersuch happy auspices. Here we have thewhole world in miniature. Here are represented the cultures and customs of nearlythree score nations. Here is a laboratory ofhuman relationships. Like every community and social group, a certain amount oforganization for the promotion of understanding is necessary. Just as a nation hasits police systems and commerce commissions, and just as the world has its Courtat the Hague and its League at Geneva,so here, too, in this International House wehave committees and executives. But thisframework of organization has nothing todo with the kind of product that comesfrom this house. We are not trying to develop a homogeneous type. This is not amelting pot. If the influence of this institution is to create groups that act alikeand think alike, then it will have completelyfailed of its purpose. I should hope thatthis place would be a home of honest differences, a refuge for conflicting opinions,a haven for contrasts. I should wish thatthis institution would be a forum for economic ideas, orthodox and unorthodox, acenter of social and cultural theories thatreflect the whole range of human experience. I should hope that here would bewoven a fabric of variegated pattern and ofmany shades and colors — a fabric fromwhich a flag might be fashioned to unfurlin the face of a leveling mechanism. Inbrief, if I should be asked to suggest amotto for this new house, an inscription tobe placed over its doors, I would give youthese words:Not standardization but diversity.Not nationalism but nationality.Alma Mater's YoungestBy Alfred V. Frankenstein '32THE Department of Music in theUniversity of Chicago has no traditions. That is its greatest asset.The department is exactly one year old,and it is conducted by the youngest facultyin the school. Probably alone among musicdepartments ininternational universities, thismusic department is free to set standardsaccording to achievement, to devise its ownmethods according to experience, to keep itsprocedures and practices in a dynamic, everchanging and ever growing condition.That the University of Chicago neededand wanted a music department canscarcely be challenged. Four years ago thepresent writer pointed out in this publication that four years previous — in 1924, tobe exact — a committee of the faculty headedby former Dean Ernest Hatch Wilkins hadmet to consider the state of the University,had polled the students as to what theywanted, and as a result of that poll hadlisted high, if not first, among its recommendations the immediate establishment ofa music department. The year 193 1 didnot come immediately after 1924, but itcame in its time, and with it the recommended department. The reception the department has received shows quite clearlythat the student interest in and desire formusic are quite as high in 1932 as they werein 1924.It is now scarcely a secret that CarlErnest Bricken, former Guggenheim fellowand Pulitzer prizeman, heads this, the University's newest department. Bricken's firstefforts in his first quarter of residence wenttoward the organization of a full sizedsymphony orchestra among the students ofthe University. The success of thatorchestra in its three concert appearances oflast season was publicly acknowledged bycritics without a pro-University bias. Weneed not trumpet our orchestra. Its permanence and its importance as a center ofmusical life in the University communityare completely assured and may be takenfor granted. At present a University chorus is being organized by Mack Evans and CecilSmith, music director of the Universitychapel and assistant professor of music, respectively, and this choral group will workwith the orchestra in the fitting observanceof the centenary of the birth of Brahms,which will be celebrated on the campus,as in the rest of the world, next May.With the orchestra once establishedBricken's attention went next to the organization of courses in music. Here hecalled in assistants and collaborators, firstCecil Michener Smith, already a memberof the faculty, second the present writer,third Howard Talley, who came to theUniversity this fall after six years teachingat Columbia University and the Instituteof Musical Art in New York. The coursesgiven at present are entirely of the theoretical and humanistic type. No instructionin the technique of performance is offered.All the courses in the department arestrongly bent and biassed in favor of music.There are no historical courses here, asthere are elsewhere, in which chapters inthe history of the art are opened and closedwithout a note of the music of the periodbeing sounded. And students in the theoretical courses here will leave those courseslimited in their achievements only by thelimitations of their talent and imagination,and not by the insufficiencies of their training. To those on the outside this may seema fairly conservative statement, but those onthe inside will realize that it amounts almostto a wild boast.This bias in favor of music leads the department to foster a considerable experimentation in methods of teaching and in thepsychology of musical understanding, and tocarry on these experiments for a sufficientlylong period that solid results may be obtained. Nothing may come of it but anaffirmation of the validity of the conventional methods, but it is possible that newideas, leads and principles may develop outof these experiments that will be of valueto more than one department.28ALMA MATER'S YOUNGEST 29The music department is a live and kicking year old infant today. At times onepermits one's self to imagine its future. Onecan see as one gazes into the crystal of one'sown desires a school of music dedicated tothe training of musicians, in the full andcomplete sense of the word ; not dedicatedto the training of violin manipulators andkeyboard artisans. This means work andimagination, and the constant trial and discard of methods on the part of the musicfaculty. A school that would train musicians would be worth having, for the workthat would be done there would be unique sofar as American universities are concerned.But before that the present department,with its humanistic emphasis, must be wovenmore thoroughly into the fabric of the University as it now stands. We shall not restcontent until music is taken for grantedhere, until it no longer has about it the airof a novelty and a luxury and extra, but isregarded by the whole faculty and studentbody as playing as obviously necessary a rolein a scheme of general education as Englishliterature. We shall not feel that we havebegun to teach until the inability to read astaff and play what is written upon it willbe considered much as the inability to readthe newspaper would today.Looking more deeply into the possibilitiesfor the future one ponders a paradox. Onecannot get a degree from any university forwriting a novel or painting a picture, butin most music schools and university departments of music one can get a degreeonly by the composition of an originalscore. This does not mean that most musicdepartments and schools are more liberal and progressive in their attitude than departments devoted to the other arts. Itis merely a reflection on the kind of "original" work that is crowned with diplomasby professors of music. It is perfectlyobvious that the ability to create is far moreimportant than the ability to discuss. Itis also obvious that no university to datehas taken cognizance of the fact, but thatis not the point of the present argument.I wish here to defend the position of thescholar so far as music is concerned.America has almost completely neglectedmusicological research. We have so farproduced only one really important musicological work — Thayer's Beethoven — andthat one work was published by a privatesociety. Few American universities realizethat such a thing as musical scholarshipexists. None gives it significant support.The inferences are obvious.To the best of my knowledge not a singleuniversity press in the United States publishes music, as do the university pressesof England, and not one regularly publishesbooks on music. Nor has the academicworld of music paid any attention to recording, although it is gradually becoming conscious of the fact that a string quartet playedon the piano sounds like something playedon the piano, and not at all like a stringquartet.Such are some of the things onethinks of in connection with music at theUniversity of Chicago. In a university ofworld importance one may be bold enoughto look forward to a music department ofequal distinction, even when that department is one year old.m*®m%®®&%®Echoes of June 11ONE of the pleasantest features ofthe summer in the Alumni Officehas been the almost daily arrivalof letters commenting on the Alumni Conference held at the time of the June Reunion. Without exception the delegateshave written expressing the greatest enjoyment and approval of our Conferenceand many really valuable suggestions havebeen offered for the improvement of theaffair next year.For the benefit of alumni who could notattend we summarize the comments herewith. Although three or four delegatesfelt that once every two years was oftenenough to hold such a Conference, the restof the 50 odd felt that each year broughtsufficient change and development to theUniversity to justify and make profitablean assembly of this nature. The consensus of opinion was that two days wasjust the right length of time.There was no doubt in anyone's mind ofthe value of bringing together representatives of the alumni far afield for two days ofconcentrated discussion of the University.Dr. Paul White of Davenport, Iowa, expressed it, "I know of no other way the present spirit, the changing moods and the factsconcerning the University, its triumphs andits difficulties, can be so definitely takenback to the various Alumni clubs, as throughthe contact of the delegates with the University officials who are interested in sucha meeting."Frederick Sass of Denver, writing alongthe same line said, "I had a splendid time atthe University Conference and feel wellrepaid for coming. . . . The conference isworth while. I believe there are manyalumni who would enjoy the opportunity ofmeeting together. It gives an opportunityto renew old associations. It revives againthe spirit that prompted one to go to theUniversity in the first place, and tendsto keep alive one's interest in the University."And Carl D. Greenleaf, of Elkhart, Ind.,veteran of two such conferences adds, "I am more than ever convinced that they arevaluable for the purpose of keeping thealumni in touch with the affairs of theUniversity."All the delegates were loud in theirpraises of the men's residence halls, wherethey were housed, and where the meetingswere held, and more than one expressed thedesire to come back to the University as afreshman, just for the privilege of enjoying such ideal living quarters. The informality and atmosphere of the place madethe conference seem like a return to college days to many of the visitors.The program of speeches and entertainment was varied and the comments justified the variety. There was not one partof the program that did not receive thenotation "most interesting of all to me,"so there apparently was something foreveryone.The moving pictures, both "Life on theQuadrangles" and the special showing ofsamples of the film series of the Universitypress, roused keen interest. Miss JohnPetty of Winnetka made the following comment : "I was interested in the movement touse moving pictures to supplement lectures,having, as supervisor of elementary teaching, experienced the success of visual education. The U. of C. is going a step furtherand I predict speedy recognition of thevalue of this type of education."The New Plan, the piece de resistance ofmost of the discussion, was hailed with enthusiasm by the delegates. All were keenlyinterested in Dean Boucher's and DeanWorks' presentation of its organization andpurpose. Several suggested that they wouldlike particularly to hear from students whowere really working under the Plan. "Itwould have been most interesting if wecould have heard some of the students whoare succeeding most brilliantly by the newplan and some who have not yet foundthemselves. We would be glad to knowwhat the students themselves think andhow they respond," writes Dr. F. E. Brownfrom Iowa State College, and the same30IN MY OPINION 3ithought is expressed by J. F. Anderson ofCedar Falls, Iowa, who says, "I should liketo have one of the students who had spenttwo years under the new plan give hisreaction."One suggestion made by a number ofdelegates was that the next conference givethem more opportunity to talk with facultymembers and undergraduates.Ernest E. Quantrell of New York saidthat the thing that interested him mostwas the "intense interest of the alumni fromall parts of the country in the welfare ofthe University. It naturally was a happyoccasion to have a contact with many oldfriends coming from afar, whom I had notseen for years, but the impressive thing tome was the way in which most of therepresentatives sincerely wanted to help theUniversity. This especially applied to theirinterest in sending outstanding high schoolgraduates in their respective territories tothe University, and watching the progressmade by these students."The effect of the Conference upon theConferee is interesting to behold. AlbertI IKE a well-behaved academic, I devoteda considerable part of my summer— * holiday to research. One of the moreimportant problems I investigated was thealleged superiority of the foreign movie tothe hundred per cent American product.I set myself to discover, first, whether suchsuperiority existed, and, second, the reasonsfor it, if it did exist.The material for my research I hoped tofind in the University Theatre in HarvardSquare, located en route from my monasticcell to the Widener Library where myother problems in research awaited me.But despite the intellectual rarity of the Ward James of Waukegan reports that"In my case it set up a burning desire toreturn for further study that can only betemporarily delayed by the depression. Andof course when one feels strongly about attending the University of Chicago, he alsohas the desire to influence others in thesame way." The discussion gave ammunition to Donald Gray of Kankakee as hesays, "My experience has been that sinceattending the two conferences thus far heldI have the jump on alumni of other universities in the frequent arguments anddiscussions which arise concerning relativemerits of schools and systems. I frequentlyfeel that I know what I am talking aboutand that no one else does in some of thesesessions, which is a species of conceit forwhich you are largely to blame."One could go on indefinitely quoting fromthese gratifying, inspiring and delightfulletters, with their many valuable suggestions and keen comments, were it not forour assurance that another conference nextyear will attempt to embody the suggestions and justify the kind words.atmosphere, the University Theatre failedme from the first. Evidently, the patronsfrom Brattle Street (which, I was told,is one of the six most beautiful streets inthe world) are no longer Brahmins, butgood American low-brows, for of the eightybanal movies shown at the UniversityTheatre this summer, only two provedsuitable material for my investigations: AsYou Desire Me and Winner Take All.The first of these turned out to be a crudetravesty on the psychological subtleties ofPirandello's drama, clomped through by acast that must have been picked up on thebargain counter of Hollywood's Wool-Jtt my opinionBy Fred B. Millet, Ph.D. '32Associate Professor of English32 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEworth's, and unredeemed by the greatGarbo, who with this performance disappeared finally beneath my artistic horizon.Winner Take All had nothing to recommend it save the terrifying vitality of JamesCagney, a beguiling D'Artagnan of thegutter.The urge to carry on my research despitethe initial discouragement forced me torange abroad to find the best that Bostonhad to offer. That best, I soon concluded,was available, usually, in the Fine ArtsTheatre, a hole-in-the-wall cinema, a sortof Victorian dug-out, disguised as a modernistic interior, embellished by drawings ofangular nudes, and supplemented with abar offering beer and pretzels. The FineArts Theatre was the only movie palacein Greater Boston that furnished week afterweek movies that did not insult one's intelligence or one's sense of public decency. mThe material collected by persistentsearch there and elsewhere falls into threedistinct classes, which require separate estimation. The first, and, things being asthey are, inevitably the largest class is thecommercial American movie at what one isforced to call its best. This best, it turnedout, was none too good. My summer'sentertainment reached its lowest ebb withRamon Navarro's Huddle, which The New.Yorker called Ten Thousand Years at Yale,and, it might well have added, without asabbatical. Slightly higher rated DouglasFairbanks, Jr.'s Love Is a Racket, a rathermediocre "gossip-columnist" picture, withits only interests in the slightly clumsyloyalty of Lee Tracy and the creation ofthe hard glib tone of urban newspaper life.I assigned a C grade to Love Me To-night,and a B to Devil and the Deep. The former picture, made with the rather wornrubber stamp of the Chevalier musicalcomedy plot, was considerably handicappedby the presence of Jeanette Macdonald,perhaps the least interesting female on theAmerican screen, and redeemed to a degreeby Chevalier's insidious sensuality, andMamoulian's adroit imitation of Lubitschand Rene Clair. Devil and the Deep,though painfully conventional in plot andmelodramatic in denouement, demonstrated that Gary Cooper is utterly ineffectivewithout a director like Von Sternberg inMorocco, that Tallulah Bankhead has emotional powers that none of her wretchedvehicles have utilized, and that, after all,a real actor, like Charles Laughton, cansteal a picture from everyone concerned,even the director. His terrifying study ofthe evolution of insane jealousy is the onlymemorable characterization from theAmerican movies of the last six months.Of these, none was more disappointing thanthe much-touted Blonde Venus, with theincomparable Dietrich. This silly attemptto win the hearts of the millions by givingher a mother-love role is the worst of thepictures in which her beautifully evil personality has been exploited. To combinethe appeal of the lovely wanton and theself-sacrificing mother is a calculated insultto any standard of characterization ormorality. The personality created is preposterous and incredible, the motivation,utterly irrational, and the ethical implication, that anything may be forgiven a vilewoman who loves her child, makes thepicture brazenly immoral. There is nothing in it to give pleasure except HerbertMarshall's sympathetic portrait of the betrayed husband, Dietrich's inimitable songs,and the Sanctuary-like glimpses of thedegenerate south.On the whole, American movies of thenon-fictitious type rated very well in comparison with American movies with plotand the foreign movies. Of this sort, theleast effective perhaps was Bring JEm BackAlive, which, despite its superb pictures ofanimal fights and the largest pythons evershown in action, was made trying by thelinguistic ecstasies of the narrator andthe most unconvincing sound-effects everfaked.These studio-monstrosities were avoidedfor the most part in Igloo, which sufferedonly slightly by comparison with the blissfully silent Nanook of the North. TheBali travelogue, Isle of Paradise (not to beconfused for a moment with the appallingBird of Paradise) deserved most of thepraise heaped upon it. The life representedis perhaps too heavenly to be credible ; theIN MY OPINION 33director would have beeri well advised toindicate that there are serpents in the ultimate Eden, and he would have been betteradvised if he had strangled the soulful narrator whose organ-tones pealed forth morebad rhetoric than has been declaimed sincethe noble savage stalked through the drawing rooms of the eighteenth century.Where do those sobbing slobberers get theiraccents? Cagney's gutter talk is infinitelymore endurable.Nearly all the foreign movies visitedproved distinctly superior to even the bestAmerican products. The English Gallipoliwas, of course, inferior mechanically andintellectually to the German offerings, but,despite the clumsy sentimentality of thedomestic scenes, its realization of the heartbreaking adventure of the landing, holding,and withdrawal from the peninsula wasepically tragic. The German movie nearestin type to Gallipoli was Kreuzer Emden,which, while it borrowed freely from thetechnical devices of the superbly creativePotemkin, had force, virility, and some imagination. The biographical Elizabeth ofAustria attained in its final passages thepure emotions of tragedy, but it was tooinexpressive of psychological continuity andhistorical intelligibility to be completely successful. Congress Dances, less ambitiousemotionally, was perhaps for that reasonmore successful. The rococo grandeurs ofAustria in 1815, the grandiose ensemblesand street scenes, the cynical luxury-lovingMetternich, the gay Lillian Harvey, thejaunty Emperor of the Russias, the tenderlypoignant Viennese music, — made this as distinguished an example of light opera as thescreen has produced. But the most interesting movie of the summer was a Germanshort, Melody of the World, of which thebasis of construction was, not chronological or dramatic, but logical. Series after seriesof scenes recorded all over the world, werearranged and shuffled to present and illustrate sequences of ideas, — of transportation,discourse, labor, diversion, nutrition, patterns of sounds, patterns of forms, mechanical and human. This was the picturewhich, more than all the rest, proved thatthe movie may become, not the Cinderellaof the drama, but an independent, self-respecting, and important art.It is impossible to do more than suggestsome of my conclusions as to why Americanmovies, despite their mechanical perfectionand their superficial cleverness, are almostalways inferior to foreign movies in idea,material, and treatment. Admitting thefact that the movies imported are probablyselected from thousands of silly and banalcompetitors, one feels justified in maintaining that the two reasons for the inferiorityof the native to the foreign product are,first, the producer, and, second, the audience, and that of these two reasons, theaudience is the more important. For, sincethe making of movies is an industry andnot an art, the producer with his unlimitedresources and his battery of salesmanship,would see to it that his movies met publicdemands, if the audience refused to patronize silly and stupid films. The shortcomings of the great American film audienceare the shortcomings of all imperfectlycivilized audiences : lack of discrimination,an insatiable appetite for highly coloredemotions, an uncritical attitude toward lifeand art reflecting and interpreting that life,and a craving for sentimentality that eventhe obscene bathos of Tony Wons does notnauseate. The American movie audiencegets exactly what it wants. The Americanmovie audience gets exactly what it deserves.NEWS OF THEQUADRANGLESBy John P. Howe, '27ONE of the happiest elements in anot unhappy autumn opening atthis great educational institution isRegistrar Bixler's report on enrollment,given at the end of the second week. In theteeth of predictions that scores of studentswould be driven away by the depression,the University's registration increased by 39.The comparative figures show 5,311 students "in residence" this year, as against5,272 at the same time last year. Arts,Literature and Science showed a drop of83 students while the professional schoolsgained 137 students over last year, theSchool of Business and the Graduate Schoolof Social Service Administration showingincreases of 41 and 67 respectively.Partly responsible for the sustained enrollment have been the extraordinary measures taken by the administration thissummer. Four hundred special half-scholarships were set up for the use of deserving and able students who could notenter or return to the University withouthelp; the student loan fund was increasedby $35)000 to provide half -remissions oftuition, the loan to be repaid within fiveyears.As to freshmen: the number of applicants was the largest in the University'shistory — 1,359; the number actually enrolled was greater than last year- — 750.Last year's freshman class was conceded tobe the brightest the University has ever had.Scores made on the Thurstone ScholasticAptitude test gave last year's class a medianof 202, 10% higher than the average forthe three previous years, and gave themthe fourth highest ranking of 136 collegesthroughout the country which reported theresults of similar tests. This year's freshman class scored a median of 219, 17 pointshigher than the supersmart group of '31.Further cause for happiness this fall has been the fact that through various economies, readjustments and tight-wire balancing, the University has continued tostave off reducing faculty salaries.Cause for unhappiness has been the unusually heavy mortality rate, during thesummer and early autumn, among thoseclosely identified with the University.Those who have died are Professor J. M.P. Smith, Professor Ernst Freund, Professors emeritus J. Paul Goode and ErnestWilczynski, -Drs. Frank Billings, Nathaniel Allison, and Theodore Tieken, and Mar-' tin A. Ryerson. Of this group only Professor Smith and Professor Freund werein full active service.There is also cause for regret in the factthat Professor James Westfall Thompson,most eminent of American medievalists,will shortly leave the quadrangles, to jointhe faculty of the University of California ;and in the impending retirements of ShailerMathews as Dean of the Divinity Schooland of A. A. Stagg as Chairman of theDepartment of Physical Culture and Athletics.For obvious reasons new faculty appointments at the higher levels have beenfewer this year than in the recent past.t The two outstanding additions to the University staff are Professor Louis RoundWilson, lately of the University of NorthCarolina, as Dean of the Graduate LibrarySchool, and Dr. George F. Dick, of RushMedical College, as Chairman of Medicineon the South Side.Dr. Dick, on January 1st, will assumethe post left vacant last year by the resignation of Dr. Russell Wilder. He graduated from Rush Medical College in 1905and has been a practitioner in Chicagosince. Long a member of the staff at theJohn McCormick Institute for Infectious34NEWS OF THE QUADRANGLES 35Diseases, he became clinical professor atRush in 1925 and chairman of medicine onthe West Side July 1st of this year.Dr. Dick and his wife, Dr. Gladys Dick,collaborated in identifying the causativeorganism of scarlet fever as a form ofstreptococcus. They devised the Dick testto determine susceptibility or immunity tothe disease in individual cases, and later developed both a vaccine, used to immunizeagainst the disease, and a toxin-antitoxin,used to check the infection after it hasset in. Both the vaccine and the anti-toxinare now used as standard medical practice,and are believed to have reduced the mortality due to scarlet fever, as well as thecomplications in later life known to followa childhood attack.* * *Professor Wilson is one of the country'sforemost authorities on library organization, administration and research. TheSchool of which he is the new dean is theonly center in the country devoted exclusively to study and research in libraryscience.Dr. Wilson was librarian of the University of North Carolina since 1901, andthe library he directed was recognized asthe best in the south. He was also professor of library administration; organizedand directed the Bureau of Extension forten years, and was director of the University of North Carolina Press. He organized a library school at the University in1 93 1. Other of his activities at ChapelHill included membership in the Instituteof Research in Social Sciences, membershipon editorial boards, and active participationin the administration of the University.The new dean has long been prominentin national library work, as a member ofthe American Library Association. He hasbeen a member of the Association's Board ofEducation for Librarians since 1925, chairman of the Advisory Board for Study ofSpecial Projects, in which capacity he hasbeen influential in shaping research projects,and is a member of the Association's Committee on International Relations, whichwill bring the International Library Association meeting to Chicago in connection with the Century of Progress. Last yearhe was the American Library Association'sdelegate to the British Library Associationmeeting.* * *The election of Mr. Arthur B. Hall tothe Board of Trustees of the Universityof Chicago was announced this summer.Mr. Hall, a member of the firm of Halland Ellis, is engaged in the real estate andoffice building management business in Chicago. He is a member of the ChicagoReal Estate Board and a director of theHarris Trust and Savings Bank. The newChicago trustee has for many years beenan active participant in civic affairs, and isa member of the Board of Managers ofthe Chicago Y. M. C. A., of the boardof Lyons Township high school, the LaGrange park board, is a trustee of CarrollCollege, Waukesha, Wis., of the ChicagoOrchestral Association, and a member ofthe Church Extension Board of ChicagoPresbytery. He is a graduate of Yale.* * *It would be difficult, in a few paragraphs,justly to describe Chicago's new International House, which was formally openedOctober 5th, in the presence of a distinguished company. Rising to a handsomeheight on the easternmost end of the Midway, the House has no parallel on thecampus. Alumni of the Chicago regionhave no doubt already seen the building,since it is now the showplace of the University community, and many have sampledits characterful cuisine; non-Chicagoalumni will probably read of the House atgreater length in later issues of this Magazine. It is pleasant to report thatthough the occupancy of the House hadbeen estimated at 256 for the first year,360 of its 524 rooms are already taken.Incidentally, all eight sections of the newMen's Residence Halls south of the Midway are now open, this being two more sections than were in demand last year.Later issues of the Magazine, willalso, no doubt, treat more fully of the newUniversity carillon, which was installed inthe Chapel tower this summer. A dramatic moment was the raising of the Bour-36 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEdon, largest of the 72 bells, which weighs18 tons. The carillon will be played latethis autumn for the first time, possiblyThanksgiving or Christmas.* * #Discovery of another fragmentary manuscript of the Canterbury Tales, and the uncovering of more details of Chaucer's life,revealing the pioneer English poet as bothan efficient business man and a liberalspender at the English inns, was disclosedlast month by Professors John Manly andEdith Rickert, who spent six months inEngland on their Chaucerian research project.The two University scholars for Hvtyears have been conducting a classic studyof Chaucer, and have added sixteen manuscripts of the Tales to the number knownwhen they started their work, as well asbringing to light a great mass of undiscovered material about Chaucer himself.The end of their literary detecting is stillin the future, for new material is still beingturned up although within the next yearthey will be able to send to press two orthree volumes of the critical text of theTales.The fragmentary manuscript which theydiscovered this spring is one of the earliestand best, being of the period between 1400and 1 410, not more than ten years afterChaucer's death.- It consists of but sixleaves of the Tales, from the "Nuns'Priest's tale."During the war, the manuscript was sentto Sir John Ballinger, librarian of the National Library of Wales, but because nofunds were available for its purchase, itwas returned to the owner. Sir John lostthe correspondence relating to the manuscript, and could not recollect any of thedetails. Later, he suffered a stroke of paralysis. When visited by the Chicagoscholars early this year, he was so excitedby the visit that his recollection partiallyreturned, and he remembered that themanuscript consisted of the six pages, andhad been bound in a Latin-Welsh dictionarypublished in 1632.An advertisement in the Western Messenger, a Welsh newspaper of wide circu lation, produced the owner, a rector atMorthyr Mawr, who forwarded the manuscript to the National Library, and permitted Dr. Manly to make photostats toadd to his collection, the only complete setin the world. The manuscript confirmedreadings which the Chicago scholars hadpreviously established as being closest tothe text as Chaucer originally had writtenit.The four research assistants workingunder Professor Manly's direction in thePublic Record Office at London recentlyfound a record of a law suit againstChaucer for 7 pounds, owed an inn-keepernamed Henry Oatte Wode. Inasmuch asmoney in those days was worth approximately 30 times its present value, Chaucer'sunpaid bill, probably incurred at the inn,was equivalent to $1,000. The poet apparently settled up before the case washeard, for there is no record of a judgment.At the same time that Chaucer was beingsued by the inn-keeper, the records showhim appearing to befriend a Flemish servant girl, and the documents in this caseidentify him as being "Geoffrey Chaucer ofKent," the first actual evidence found thathe was from that section of England.Other records found during the last visitof Drs. Manly and Rickert show thatChaucer, who was comptroller of the Customs House, an important fiscal post, wasa first class business man as well as one ofthe great poets. Summoned to appear withhis account rolls, the records show thatthough he delayed answering the summons,when he did present himself, his accountswere in order to the last pence. ProfessorManly points out that public officials ofthe time, when unable to stand a searchingscrutiny of their records, were subject toheavy fines. In an age when most officialswere in trouble, Chaucer, through his honesty and tact, escaped whole.Another detail was added to Chaucer'slife in the finding of records which provethat tradition was correct in naming oneSimon Manning as the husband of the poet'ssister. A surety bond for 100 pounds inwhich Chaucer was the guarantor forManning establishes the relation and alsoNEWS OF THE QUADRANGLES 37indicates that Chaucer was a man of considerable means, else his bond would not beaccepted.Through the work of Professors Manlyand Rickert, the University of Chicago isnow the best center in the world for thestudy of Chaucer's life and of his Canterbury Tales. The University scholars havephotostatic copies, as good for their purposesas the originals, of all the 85 known manuscripts of the Tales, the only central collection in the world. The search for themanuscripts has led through England, thecontinent, and the United States.By collecting all known manuscripts ofthe Tales, establishing their dates, and collating them, Professor Manly will be able topublish a text practically as it was writtenby Chaucer. Errors and changes crept intothe Tales through the copying and recopyingof manuscripts which was practiced beforethe invention of the printing press.* * *Professor Arthur H. Compton, with atrunkful of new data on the cosmic rays, returned last month to his laboratory on theMidway. Since March Dr. Compton hasbeen roving the western hemisphere andthe South Seas measuring the intensity ofthese remarkable emanations as they struckthe earth at widely scattered sites.During the past 12 months Dr. Comptonhas taken measurements at 16 major sites,while six further expeditions, under hisdirection, three of which have now completed their work, have made tests at sitesthroughout the remainder of the globe.Dr. Compton's branch of the world-survey included measurements last autumnat Denver and other points in the Rockies;on the Jungfrau in the Swiss Alps; and inChicago. This spring and summer he andliis party have carried their instruments tothe Hawaiian Islands, where Mt. Haleakalawas the major objective; the equatorialpacific, where tests were made aboard ship ;Auckland, New Zealand ; Mt. Cook, New-Zealand, 1000 miles from Auckland;Mt. Kosciuski, Australia; Brisbane, Australia ; Panama ; Lima, Peru ; Arequipa,Peru ; Mexico City and neighboring peaks ;Churchill, Manitoba; and the Fox Basin, Canada, where the measurements weremade at the edge of the ice-pack, 100 milesnorth of the Arctic Circle.During the past 12 months ProfessorCompton has traveled 50,000 miles, fromlatitude 46 degrees south to latitude 68 degrees north. He has crossed the equatorfour times and seen h\t continents.Most important of the findings thus farassembled, according to Dr. Compton, isthat the intensity of the rays is less nearthe magnetic equator than near the magnetic poles. This he had not anticipated.In the regions where Professor Robert A.Millikan of the California Institute ofTechnology had also made tests the Compton and Millikan measurements agree substantially. "In certain other areas,however," Dr. Compton said, "particularlyin the tropics, our data give a new type ofinformation."The new data do not substantiate thetentative wave-form theory suggested previously by Millikan and Professor Jeans ofEngland..In accounting for the difference betweenthe intensity of the rays at the magneticequator and the magnetic poles, ProfessorCompton pointed out that the earth is apparently acting as a huge magnet in relationto the rays."If the cosmic rays are electrified particles shot toward the earth from remotedistances, as they seem to be," he said, "theeffect of the earth's magnetic field will beto bend the rays away from the equatorand concentrate them at the poles. This,for example, is what happens in the auroraborealis, which is due to electrons shottoward the earth from the sun. The electrons are concentrated near the earth's magnetic poles, and produce the 'northernlights' as they strike the upper atmosphere."The highest altitude where tests weremade by Dr. Compton was at 19,000 feeton the volcano Mt. El Misti, near Arequipa,Peru, though Professor Benade, in chargeof one of the cooperating parties, has sincemade tests 100 feet higher in the Himalayas.This is three miles higher than any cosmicray mountain expedition has gone withequipment for precision work. The finding38 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEagrees with that made by Professor Piccard in his stratosphere ascension and alsowith the finding of Professor E. Regenerof Germany, who sent up a sounding balloon to 25 miles this spring.One of the most significant new observations made during the summer was thediscovery of the sudden burst of ionizationby individual cosmic rays in the apparatus.Using the burning of a single hydrogenatom in oxygen as a unit of energy, Dr.Compton said that the ionization of a radium atom would involve a million suchunits and the ionization of a cosmic rayseveral hundred millions of such units.Several hundred million volts potentialwould be required to produce such a rayartificially, he said.During the tests on Mt. El Misti, Dr.Compton and his wife and 15-year old son,Arthur Alan, who served as his assistant,camped for a week at a temperature of zeroand made tests 24 hours a day. On Mt.Cook, in New Zealand, the heavy equipment had to be packed by the party overa mile of snow. In the Fox Basin, offHudson Bay, probably the largest unexplored region on the continent, a new island30 miles long was discovered by the Compton party, and named "Poole Island" forthe captain of the tug "Ocean Eagle" whichcarried the group."If the cosmic rays are uncharged, likelight rays or neutrons, they should not beaffected by the earth's magnetic field."The cosmic rays are a kind of radiation similar in effect to X-rays or rays from radium, Dr. Compton said. They come intothe atmosphere from high altitudes, moving at a speed nearly equal to the velocityof light, which is 186,284 miles a second.They are observed by the fact that theymake air and other gases electrically conducting."The rays do come from high altitudes,probably from outside the earth and possibly from interstellar space," Dr. Comptonsaid, "though it is still as good a guess asany that they may emanate from the earth'supper atmosphere." Professor Comptonfound that the rays are slightly more intense in the daytime than they are at night,which may lend some support to the theorythat they are associated in some way withthe sun, though other expeditions failed tofind such an effect.The minimum intensity of rays, according to latitude, was found at Lima, Peru,which is on the magnetic equator, 12 degrees, or about 800 miles, south of the geographical equator.The second important result of theexpedition was the observation that the raysincrease in intensity continuously with altitude. "This would be expected if the rayswere coming into the earth's atmospherefrom outside and being absorbed by the atmosphere," Dr. Compton said. "If therays had tended to diminish in intensity asthe top of the atmosphere was approached,this would have been taken to support thewave theory."William V. Morgenstern, '20 J.D., '22Scores of the MonthChicago, 41 ; Monmouth, oMR. STAGG and his boys, peeringinto the sere autumnal future, seeIndiana, Illinois, Purdue, Michigan, and Wisconsin marching along in aprocession that engages their attention onfive successive Saturday afternoons. There Chicago, 7 ; Yale, 7Chicago, 20; Knox, ois plenty of menace in that parade, despitethe fact that the Chicago team is much improved over recent years, and hasn't beenbeaten to date. Two of those {ive, Purdueand Michigan, are atop the conference atthe present moment; Indiana, no longer aATHLETICS 39mild sparring partner, but a first class teamthat lacks only the prestige of reputation, isundefeated, though tied by Ohio; Illinois isdefinitely coming up, and Wisconsin, underDr. Spears, has been a slashing team, victimsof Purdue only by the gambling point-after-touchdown. The schedule, unintentionally,is very brutal.It isn't, however, enough to frighten Mr.Stagg, whose distinguished career terminates at the end of the academic year,through the operation of the statute whichprovides that no member of the Universitymay be reappointed after reaching the ageof 70. The fixed age of retirement is 65,but reappointment for five further years ispermitted. Mr. Stagg has had those fiveyears; in fact, he has had a sixth, for hereached 70 last August. There is a wrenchand a melancholy pang in the relentlessmerging of the years, for Mr. Stagg, forthe University, and for the world at large.The "Old Man" has been identified withChicago athletics so long — forty-one years —that a Chicago football team which isn't aStagg team, seems in prospect an aliengroup. Elsewhere in this journal is Vice-President Frederic Woodward's commentary on Mr. Stagg and his meaning to Chicago; this journeyman writer avoids thepitiless exposure of style that would resultfrom comparison of odes, and is contentwith the single statement that few will everrealize what a great coach Stagg has been inthe last five, depressing years.The Chicago team, as has been remarked,is considerably improved over last year,although basically it is pretty much thesame in personnel. That team, it will berecalled, rallied from a series of early season debacles that would have broken thespirit of most players, and played from mid-season on a sturdy and fine grade of football. The squad is one of the smallest evenChicago has known, totalling 34 effectivesat the present time. It has added H. O.Page* Jr., a very competent fullback, andhas another fiery newcomer in 150-poundTom Flinn, also a back. In the line, it hasregained Walter Maneikis, a 200 poundguard who is all business, after a full season of inactivity because of a broken wrist. John Womer, tackle; E. C. Patterson,guard, who broke a hand in the Knox gameand will be out of the Indiana game andprobably the Illinois game, too; FrankSpearing and Edmund Wolfenson, of prospective value as guards, are linemen fromthe freshmen team. But Bob Wallace, thefast backfield man who had the confidenceof the team as a quarter, was lost becauseof diphtheria. Barton Smith, the highlypromising sophomore end, broke a leg in theYale game, and is through for the season.And Cecil Storey, a tornado of a fullback,missed eligibility by a narrow margin justbefore the Yale game, when the results ofthe September comprehensives were announced. And by that margin, Chicagoprobably has missed out on victory in acouple of the impending games, as the Maroon team certainly missed victory at Yalebecause the Californian was not playing.No one really knows as yet just how goodthe line is, especially on offense. Defensively, it has looked strong, but Yale wasthe only team of the three played this farthat had any significant strength. And theYale team that Chicago played on Oct. 7was sluggish; after the first quarter, theMaroon forwards had the Yale line backon its heels. The veterans, Keith Parsonsand Ray Zenner, have been alternating atcenter. Maneikis has been permanently atone guard ; Patterson stepped into the otherposition in the Yale game, and probablywould be there yet were it not for his hand.Wayne Rapp, a reserve in 1931, also hasseen considerable play this season. FrankSpearing and Bill Cassels, the two tackleswho had football hammered into them lastyear, until they learned in sheer self defense what it was all about, are the startingtackles, with Womer rating with them asa regular, and George Schnur, a senior reserve, filling in for considerable periods.Smith was a starting end, and a fine one,with Warren Bellstrom the choice for theother position. Now Pompeo Toigo andCarl Gabel are alternating. Bellstrom isplaying flashy defensive football and altogether appears very satisfactory. He cutYale runners down most of the afternoon.Gabel is another reliable on defense. The40 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEloss of Smith, however, has deprived theteam of its only clever pass receiver.The starting backfield, without the accomplished Storey, is as good as any otherfour men that a conference team can puttogether. That combination is VinsonSahlin, quarter; Capt. Don Birney, PeteZimmer, and the junior "Pat" Page.Sahlin is a squirmer, who twists through aline with a sharp pivot. Zimmer, a different type of runner, who has a free swinging stride with a deceptive change of pace,is a heartening young man in a broken field,and particularly encouraging when he isrunning back punts. He faded in and outof Yale's grasp on every kick, and averagedsome 25 yards return for the afternoon.Zimmer hasn't been used overmuch as aball carrier, but some wide plays have beenbuilt for his use in these later games andwith them he should be a person to fretthe opposition. He also is a good passer.Birney is the most improved player on theteam, a sure man on defense and much moreeffective as a line slasher. He is puntingvery well, and is sharing that job withPage. "Pat's" son plays football, as wasremarked last June, in surly fashion, blocking with serious and unmistakable intent.He is progressing as a plunger, and he is asteady punter. The backfield, in fact, hasfour punters, for Zimmer has acquired skill,and was used against Knox to kick, whileSahlin is brought into use as a quick-kicksurprise.If Storey were there to burst througha line, the attack would be consistentlydeadly. Four men can not keep up pressureall through a game against eight others whoaverage high, but the starting group, plusStorey, and the available reserves, would besufficient for any needs. Flinn is a veryfine 150 pound player, who has zip andgenerates enthusiasm on a team. He is asavage tackier who makes spirit do forpounds. Allan Summers is just coming into his own ; he never played football in highschool, and with another year he would beexcellent. As it is, he is steady on defense,a hard driving ball carrier, and throws arifle pass. An infected foot caused him tolose a week of valuable practice just before the Yale game. George Mahoney, a reserve last year, has had some very promisingspurts in games so far. He may suddenlybecome of surprising use. Bernard Johnson, a light back, who has been crippledmore or less, hasn't had much opportunityto display his abilities.For copyright and press purposes, theStagg attack this year has been named the"whirlwind" shift. Down east, the newspaper experts preferred their own designation of the "shuttle" shift, which isn't badas description. The "Old Man" tried toput this formation into use last year, buthis men weren't skilled enough to use it,and so it was deferred until this year, whenthey were more advanced in their technique.The team comes out of the huddle, linesup with one end in the backfield, and thenshifts, the backs crossing or shuttling behindthe line, and the end moving with thestrong side of the backfield shift. So far,Stagg has not used an unbalanced line,saving that for the conference games. Oneof the backs often is used as a wingback.It is a strong formation, with fine possibilities for reverses and it has very attractivepossibilities also for wide plays. Alreadya series of "hidden ball" plays has been perfected, but not used. Latest of Mr. Stagg'sinnovations in offense, this shift is one of hisbest. A modified form of the "flanker"also is used as a variation of the attack, andthe possibilities, in conjunction with themajor formation, should be enough to causeperplexity for opposing coaches.The Monmouth game was simply a romp,but a surprising one, for not since Chicagodefeated Wyoming 47 to o, back in 1928,has a Maroon team run up so large ascore. Monmouth had a light and fastteam that won the "Little 19" championship last year, and was the only unbeatencollege team in the state. The encouragingfactor in the game, irrespective of Monmouth's strength, was the brilliance of thescoring. The touchdowns were made innonchalant and convincing fashion, andranged from Pete Zimmer's 80 yard runto forward passes that clicked.Preparation for the Yale game was sadlyimpeded by a series of injuries that keptA new andBETTER HEARING AID. . . that grew Sljjf<© out of 50 years'experience in making Bell TelephonesHere is a welcome means of relief for thehard of hearing — the new Western ElectricAudiphone. The Audiphone is a reallyeffective Hearing Aid, built on scientificprinciples established in half a centuryof telephone making. You can hear thedifference!Among the several Western Electricmodels you will find the right Hearing AidWestern Electric•HEARING AID-Distributors in Canada: Northern Electric Co. for you. All types are surprisingly small,neat and inconspicuous. Try this new Audiphone — see for yourself how experts inSound have improved upon former devices.For full information and name of nearestdealer, send the coupon to the distributors— Graybar Electric Co.j GRAYBAR ELECTRIC COGraybar Building, New YorkGentlemen: Please send meElectric Audiphone. N.Y.full information on the UCM-2Western4142 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEPage, Birney, Mahoney and Johnson outof scrimmage for a week, and the foot infection that put Summers in the hospitalfor three days and on the inactive list fortwo more. As a result, only Sahlin andZimmer of the regulars and Flinn andCullen of the reserves were certain of theirassignments in both their plays and the defensive scheme. Although all of the menrecovered in time to be used in the Yalegame, they had not had sufficient work tohave any endurance. Page played morethan a quarter after he was badly in needof rest. The uncertainty on defense enabled Yale to get in scoring position witha forward pass, because one of the backs hadnot opportunity to learn his duties. Yalepushed Chicago about considerably in thefirst quarter, and scored on the combination of a run and a pass that put the ballclose to the goal. But Chicago came backin the second quarter with a brilliant play,when Zimmer faded to midfield and droppeda perfect pass which Sahlin took over hisshoulder, two yards from the goal. Sahlinwas pinned against the sideline by two defensive players, but the pass was so neatlyplaced, and Sahlin timed it so perfectly thatthe Yale men had no chance to break upthe play. Three times later in the gameChicago had good scoring chances, butcould not get the necessary punch, althoughYale was pretty groggy. Zimmer's marvelous returns of punts, on one of which hewent over the goal line, only to be calledback because he had nicked the sideline onthe 19-yard mark, was one of the fine piecesof work during the afternoon, and theground gained by Chicago's quickkicks, which Yale couldn't fathom, wasanother.This game meant much to Mr. Stagg,for it was the first time he had taken ateam back to his alma mater. The rout last year when Yale came to Chicago forhis fortieth anniversary needed avenging,too. He didn't win at New Haven, but histeam outplayed a Yale team that was ratedas clearly superior to his, and the occasionwas satisfactory.The team went into the Knox game"cold," suffering from reaction after thekeying for Yale, and its attitude of disdainfor the small college visitors. The mentalattitude, coupled with a brief outburst oftemperament among two of the backs, heldthe game to a scoreless standoff until thefourth quarter. Then with Knox wilting,the team decided to get busy, Flinn furnishing the spark. After the first touchdownhad been made, Knox folded up, and twomore scores were made in less than tenminutes. , .This chronicle would not be completedid it not record that the traditional maroon jerseys have been abandoned this year,after constant use since 1895. The officialcolor of the University back in the earlynineties was yellow, a perpetuation of thegoldenrod of the prairies adjacent to theUniversity. But for obvious reasons thissentimental touch proved bad psychology,and in the spring of 1894, maroon wasadopted as the Chicago color, and the baseball team was the first to display the newtint. In recent years, Chicago teams haveworn solid maroon uniforms, from helmetsto stockings, but the unbroken color gavethe Chicago team something of the appearance of gnomes. In the Yale game, theteam had white jerseys and white stockings, broken with two maroon bands, maroon pants, and helmets. The effect isgood, particularly because it gives the Maroon squad an illusion of bulk. So much so,in fact, that an eastern writer, impressedby Flinn, referred to this scant 1 50 pounderas "a burly back."THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 43A Century of RailTransportationA RACE between the horse and the¦**¦ locomotive has started. The DeWitt Clinton, that awesome "ironhorse," is puffing and plodding awayfrom Albany to Schenectady at thehigh rate of 22 miles per hour. Thesnorting monster, showering sparksand smoke all over its passengers,frightens cattle and farmers' horses allalong the way. The De Witt Clintonarrives in Schenectady, having covered the seventeen miles from Albany in 46 minutes.Trailing behind, seven horse-drawn coaches arrive a half-hour later. The horse has metits first reverse.To-day, more than a century later, we see a mighty 260-ton General Electric locomotiveof the Great Northern Railway as it emerges from the scenic west portal of the 8-mileCascade tunnel in Washington. What a contrast to the quaint De Witt Clinttn! Thismodern 3000-horsepower locomotive smoothly and swiftly pulls a thousand-ton trainover the many grades of the Great Northern route.Progress such as this is only one example of the modern developments by General Electric — accomplishment for which college-trained engineers are largely responsible. Theyare leading the way to even greater developments in the future and arc maintaining theleadership of General Electric in the electrical industry.* SOU •^^ .I 4^a^^Z»¦»•>NERAL^ ELECTRICNEWS OF THE CLASSESAND ASSOCIATIONSCollege1872Frank H. Levering writes from India that hehopes to end his days there. "The orient castsa spell over those long under its influence. Ihave experienced it, have been under it forforty years. ... At 84 I'm not up to muchwork."1883William M. Oorkery, D.B. '85, points withpride to the achievement of the KensingtonAvenue Baptist Church, where he serves aspastor. His congregation has just burned the$7000.00 mortgage on their new church building, in spite of the hard times.1896John F. Voigt is president of the District BarAssociation for the Seventh Supreme JudicialDistrict,- comprising the Counties of Cook, Lake,DuPage, Will and Kankakee, and containingabout 9000 lawyers. At the meetings of theAssociation decidedly live subjects are discussedand all Illinois lawyers and students of the laware invited to attend. *** Members of the Classof '96 may recall with chuckles these occasionsfrom their dim past: the time when they gavethe University Finals and D. M. Robinson appeared as Mighty Clearer of the way; J. P.Whyte was the Grand Tooter of the GoldenHorn; H. P. Gale was the Expounder of theLaw; W. W. Atwood came in the role of theDispenser in Chief of Glorious Opportunities;and Thomas W. Moran gave the funeral oration for the Examiner. Oh, golden days!1897Mrs. Charlotte C. Gray, D.B. '98, A.M. 'oo,now living in New York, writes that she"couldn't do without the Magazine," which naturally pleases us all here.1899Mrs. William J. Weber (Pearl Hunter, A.M.'21), has taught philosophy and psychology atthe Municipal University of Omaha for the lastten years. *** Elizabeth F. Avery has resignedfrom the teaching force of Chicago, and is "rusticating in an idle mining camp" at Aspen, Colorado. 1900With Henry R. Corbett, -Ph.M., as actuarialcounsel, and Donald R. Richberg, 'oi, as legalcounsel, an old age retirement measure has beenformulated by the "21 Railway Labor Executives," as one of the results of their recent conferences with the presidents of the railways.Their acceptance of a reduction of 10% in railway salaries, which is fresh in the public mind,was accompanied by an understanding thatthe railways would support the proposed retirement plan. This measure provides for transfersfrom one railway to another, without loss ofservice rights, somewhat in line with the recentsuggestions of Pres. Swope of the General Electric Co. The bill was introduced in the Senateby Senator Wagner of New York, and in theHouse by Rep. Crosser of Ohio.1 901Mrs. Donald Vincent (Ann Roby) writesproudly that her daughter, Nancy, graduatedfrom Radcliffe this year with a Cum Laude.1903Agnes R. Wayman, associate professor of physical education, and head of the department atBarnard College, Columbia University, receivedthe distinguished service award of the AmericanPhysical Education Association this year, forservice in connection with the profession. MissWayman is the author of "Education throughPhysical Education."1904Halle D. Woods is engaged in social work withthe Association for Improving the Condition ofthe Poor. *** Margaret McCoy is teaching inLindblom High School, Chicago.1905Albert W. Evans, '05, A.M. '08, is principalof Tilden Technical High School, Chicago. ***Evon Z. Vogt, ex, writes that his ranch nearRamah, New Mexico, was visited by WalterB. Fulghum, '04, of Dallas, Tex., Dr. J. E. Raycroft, '96, M.D. '99, and Mrs. Raycroft (SarahButler, '98) of Princeton, N. J., Prof. HarveyB. Lemon, '06, S.M. 'n, Ph.D. '12, U. of C, andW. E. Wrather, '08, of Dallas, during the springand summer.1907Mabel W. Proter is general secretary of theFamily Welfare Society of Auburn, N. Y.44THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 45"Safe in Mandel Hall"KNOW the Mexico of today throughthe satirical descriptions of the epigrammatic philosopher, StuartChase, see Russia in the films of a greatBritish scientist, Julian Huxley, plunge tothe bottom of the sea with Dr. WilliamBeebe — these are but three of the six thrilling adventures you can enjoy, safe and dryin Mandel Hall, through the new StudentLecture Series.This Student Lecture Series or the Student Lecture Service is but one of the several services, or agencies as they are calledat some colleges, which have been formedas part of the admirable work done by theUniversity's Board of Vocational Guidanceand Placement.These talks are to be in Mandel Hall, onTuesday, Wednesday or Thursday nights(dates less likely to conflict with the campusand alumni calendars) and will occur twiceeach quarter. They will start at 8 130, thusallowing ample time for small dinner partiesto be on time.Stuart Chase, the well known economist, starts the series on Tuesday, November 8.His subject, "Machineless Men," deals withthe American versus Mexican civilization.Julian Huxley, on Wednesday, November 16, will speak on "A Scientist in SovietRussia," illustrated with films he was specially permitted to make over there, whenhe was one of a group of noted Englishscholars invited by the Russian Government.Seats are reserved and season books for allsix talks are $2.50 (plus $0.25 tax) whilesingle seats will be well under a dollar. Box241, Faculty Exchange, is the address towhich to send check ; information and ticketsmay be secured at the Mandel Cloister BoxOffice each day from eleven till one.Winter Quarter brings Rupert Hughesand William Beebe to lecture, the former on"Some New Light on the Founders of OurCountry," and the latter on "Two MilesDown," in which he will show films of hisfamous descent into unknown depths tostudy marine life. Two more speakers forthe Spring Quarter are to be announcedlater, negotiations now pending for these.Jl M^LSLfELs — for your libraryThe CompleteSherlock Holmesisi two volumes— 1000 pages each— SI R ARTH URCONAN DOYLE MEMORIAL EDITION— if you join the Book-of-the-Month Club now. Members do not have tobuy a book every month and it costs nothing to belong . . .form of free books, as book dividends — all theseare indications that it is worth your while at leastto get the facts about the Book-of-the-Month Club,and then (if you want to) join. Many people donot realize, for instance, that they may receive thevarious advantages of being a member, and yetbuy as few as four books a year, if they find nomore they want out of from 200 to 250 reportedupon by the judges. Surely, within the next year,the judges shown here will recommend at least afew new books you will be very anxious not to miss.Why not — by joining the Club — make sure of getting these books, get the various advantages theorganization gives book readers, and also get thistwo-volume Sherlock Holmes, free? Write for fulldetails as to how the Club operates. This requestdoes not obligate you in any way to subscribe toour service. Book-of-the-Month Club, Inc., 386Fourth Ave.— (Dept. C-1) New York.A great many people (we know) have beenInclined to join the Book-of-the-Month Club, buthave neglected to do so largely through oversight.This special offer is made, frankly, to overcome thisprocrastination by making it worth while for younot to delay longer. We suggest, simply, that youget full information now about what the Book-of-the-Month Club does for you, and then decideonce for all whether you want to join. The fact thatclose to 100,000 judicious readers belong to theorganization — that they include many of the mostprominent people in the country, in every profession and every walk of life — that not a single onewas induced to join by a salesman, but did so onihe recommendation of friends, or after reading thefacts about what the Club does for book readers—that for every dollar its members spend on booksthey receive back on the average over 50% in the46 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE1908Mrs. Mary Warren Wilcox, A.M., is editorand proprietor of the Democrat, of Wichita,Kans. *** George J. Miller, S.M> '09, was visiting professor of geography at NorthwesternUniversity last summer.1909Mrs. Sheldon Toomer is very busy this fallorganizing new clubs in the Federation of MusicClubs of Alabama. She is District President ofthe Federation.1910Francesco Ventresca, Ph.M. '11, having completed an autobiography, is now preparingcourses in the literary history of Spanish Americafor Crane College, Chicago. *** Mrs. F. Ellsworth Lay, (Marion Finney) is teaching physical geography at Rochester, N. Y. *** OrvilleR. Post is beginning his twentieth year as headof the department of English at King College,Bristol, Tenn., and reports that Orville R. Jr.,is rapidly becoming Chicago-minded.1912Ruth Reticker is with the Institute of Lawat the Johns Hopkins University. *** MargaretSullivan has been for the past two years editorial assistant to her brother, James P. Sullivan,'07, whose writings in the American Mercuryhave been attracting considerable attention. Herhome address is 1368 Sedgwick St., Chicago.1913John C. Werner, A.M., is Book Reviews Editorand director of training for the Idaho Journalof Education. *** Charlotte Paul Harris hasmoved to 921 Washington Ave., Brooklyn, NewYork.1914Charlotte Viall Wiser is back in this countryonce more, after fourteen years in India. Shereceived the Kaiser-in-Hind decoration fromthe King of England for her work among theIndian women, and she and Mr. Wiser are nowat work on a very important Survey of IndianAgricultural Conditions. Their book, "BehindMud Walls" was reviewed in this Magazine lastyear.1915Mrs. P. S. Dickinson (Ruth Allen) reportsthat she is still on the Hinsdale School Board,and is deeply interested in her garden and invillage affairs. *** H. P. Saunders, Jr., is Commandant of Cadets at New Mexico Military Institute, at Roswell, N. Mex. *** James H.Smith, A.M. '16, is superintendent of schools inAurora, 111. He writes that his son, JamesRavone, is entering the University this fall, taking pre-medical work.1917Edna A. Baker, A.M., teaches at Lake View High School, Chicago. *** Mrs. A. L. Desser(Rose Nath) reports that she is serving a secondterm as president of the Kiddies' Klothes Klub,an organization which provides clothing andshoes for the needy children of Los Angeles.Her two sons are being brought up to considerChicago their future Alma Mater. *** JosephL. Samuels is vice president of the DouglasLumber Co., Chicago. *** Cora A. Anthony iswith the Atlantic and Pacific Tea Co., at theirNew York headquarters.1918Beatrice Olson, A.M., is dean of women atthe University of North Dakota. *** W. L.Casler, A.M., has a growing practice in Marquette, Michigan.1919Avis Gray Chapel is in charge of the Principals, in addition to being primary supervisor atHazelton, Pa. *** George A. Barclay is withthe Periodical Division of the Promotion Department of the World's Fair. *** Orville RobertsWillett, A.M., is at El Paso College of Minesand Metallurgy as an adjunct professor of English. *** Miriam Fox Withrow is head of thepiano department at Fresno State College,Calif.1920James M. Nicely is moving to Paris thismonth, to be in charge of the branch of theGuaranty Trust Company there. His addresswill be 4 Place de la Concorde, Paris, France.1921Margarethe Wenzinger is living with hersister in LeRoy, Michigan. *** Mrs. Salvatore C.Avellone (Mary Gingrich) has been engagedin unemployment relief work with the St. LouisProvident Association during this last winter.*** M. E. Ligon, A.M., is professor of secondary education at the University of Kentucky,Lexington. *** Norman C. Meier, A.M. '23,teaches psychology and directs research in artpsychology at the University of Iowa, and, inhis spare time, does a little painting. He spentpart of last summer with Indians and artists atTaos and Santa Fe and' lectured at the University of Nebraska. *** Vera M. Jurz has beenappointed adviser to women at Stephens College,Columbia, Mo. *** Wendell S. Brooks, A.M., isserving his third year as president of Intermoun-tain Union College at Helena, Montana. ***Eugene T. Berry, ex, is vice-president of theBlue Seal Food Products, Inc., manufacturersof mayonnaise products, *** Mary M. Rogersis teaching English at Lindblom High School,Chicago. *** F. Taylor Gurney, on furlough fromthe Persia Mission, is doing graduate work onthe campus.NEWS OF THE CLASSES AND ASSOCIATIONS 471922William Henry Ball teaches chemistry in ElPaso, Tex., at the College of Mines and Metallurgy. *** Laura Bodebender gave an exhibition of her paintings in the Patrons of ArtGallery in Palazzo Doria, Rome, this summer.The Italian Ministry of Education has purchasedher portrait of a member of the Pope's SwissGuard, and all the Italian reviews of her exhibit were enthusiastic in praising her work.*** S. Bernard Wager is Commander of theVernon Post 338 of the American Legion, inLos Angeles. Mr. Wager is an attorney, withoffices in the Lincoln Building of that city. ***Bruce E. Shepherd was recently appointed actuary of the Association of Life Insurance Presidents. To accept this position, Mr. Shepherd resigned as actuary of the insurance department ofNew Jersey, an office which he has "held forthe last three and a half years. *** Florence P.Eckfeldt, S.M. '29, is still teaching general scienceand German at Schurz High School. *** MiltonBowen is with the Celotex Company of Chicago.1923E. C. Pietsch is an instructor in EconomicGeography at the University of North Dakota.*** Lela B. Carr is in the social science department of the Tennessee Coal Iron R. R. Co., atthe Bayview Mines, Eusley, Ala.Albert Teachers' Agency25 £. Jackson Blvd., Chicago535 Fifth Ave., New York415 Hyde Bldg., SpokaneA general Placement Bureau for men andwomen in all kinds of teaching positions.Large and alert College, and State Teachers' College departments for Doctors andMasters; Critics and Supervisors for Normals. Also many calls for Special teachersof Music, Art, Home Economics, BusinessAdministration, Correspond enceTeaching.Fine opportunities in Secondary Schools.A host of best Suburban patrons for gradeand High School teachers. Read ourbooklet. Call.UNIVERSITYCOLLEGEThe downtown department of The Universityof Chicago, 18 S. Michigan Avenue, wishesthe Alumni of the University and their friendsto know that it offersEvening, Late Afternoon and. Saturday ClassesCollege, Professional Business SubjectsTwo-Hour Sessions Once or Twice a WeekCourses Credited Toward University DegreesAutumn, Winter and Spring QuartersWinter Quarter, Jan. z - March 15 Registration, Dec. 26 - 31Address Dean C. F. Huth, University College,University of Chicago, Chicago, 111. Who ever heardof an Alumnuswho did not expectto send his sonthrough college9Insure It and Secure It,even if you are not here tosee the program through.Life Insurance Company*or Boston. MassachusettsA mutual dividend-paying company,70 years in business. Among thestrongest in reserves and assets. Paidpolicyholders in 1931 over 87 milliondollars. Offers every phase of personaland family protection, including theinsuring of a college education; also'annuities and the Group forms forfirms and corporations.For information telephone yourJohn Hancock agent or write forcopy of pamphlet, "My FinancialProblems"John Hancock Inquiry Bureau197 Clarendon Street, Boston, MassachusettsPlease send me a copy of"My Financial Problems."Name Address...City... ..State...Alumni Professional DirectoryBONDSClark G. (Skee) Sauer "12 C P. (Buck) Freeman '13WithJAMES E. BENNETT &, COMPANYStocks — Bonds — Grain — CottonMembers: NewYork and Chicago Stock Exchanses,Chica 30Board of Trade, All Principal Markets332 So. LaSalle St. Telephone Wabash 2740CHEMICAL ENGINEERSAlbert K. Epstein, '12EPSTEIN, REYNOLDS and HARRISConsulting Chemists and Chemical Engineers5 S. Wabash Ave. ChicagoTel. Cent. 428648 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEDoctors of Philosophy1895C. H. Gordon is retiring from active teachingat the University of Tennessee, with the titleof Professor Emeritus of Geology. His presentaddress is Anna Maria, Florida.1897W. E. Garrison, B.D. '97, is the sculptor of arecently unveiled bronze memorial tablet inthe Union Avenue Christian Church of St. Louis.1899O. P. Seward, '81, has retired from the professorship of French and Spanish at Stetson University at Deland, Florida.1 901Max Batt, '98, published "What Kind ofContributions" in the May number of the Scholastic Editor.1904David M. Robinson, '98, taught and lectured atSyracuse University this summer, giving publiclectures on Greek literature. *** LaRue VanHook, who has been professor of Greek andLatin in Barnard College, Columbia University,and annual professor in the American School ofClassical Studies at Athens, is now Jay Professor of Greek at Columbia. *** George Harrison Shull sends in the following interesting reportof his activities: ". . . growing this year over27,500 pedigreed evening primroses and about30,000 shepherd's purse, for the solution ofgenetical problems. Reading a paper by invitation before the 6th International Congress ofGenetics in August. Also displaying three exhibits there. Elected Corresponding Member ofDeutsche Botanische Gesellschaft at its 50 yearcelebration in May. Only five other Americansare on the Roll of Corresponding Members.Was instrumental in the establishment of achapter of the Society of Sigma Xi at Princeton,and was elected first annual president of thechapter. There are approximately 200 members.My eldest son, John Coulter Shull, graduatedfrom Princeton in June with highest honors inbiology and enters Harvard Medical in September. The second child, Georgia Mary Shull,has graduated at the same time from PrincetonHigh School with the highest record of her classof 118, and has been awarded a scholarship atMount Holyoke College, which she will enter inSeptember."1910Allen D. Hole, head of the department ofgeology at Earlham College, spent the summerdirecting the field work of his students in Montana and Wyoming. 1912Harriett M. Allyn, S.M. '10, has been actingpresident of Mount Holyoke College in the absence of President Woolley, who has been inGeneva, as a member of the delegation to theDisarmament Conference.1914A portrait of George F. Kay, Dean of the College of Liberal Arts, at the State University ofIowa, was unveiled at the Commencement dinner June 2, as a gift of the graduating classesof 1932. Dean Kay is also head of the department of geology and State Geologist of Iowa.*** W. J. Donald is now with James O. Mc-Kinsey and Co., Accountants and Engineers, ofWall Street, New York.1915Charles H. Maxson, who has been professorof political science at the University of Pennsylvania for the last 25 years, writes that he hasbeen doing a good deal of lecturing on Russiasince his return from an extensive tour of thatcountry in 193 1. A recent publication of his,through the Oxford University Press, a civicstext book on "Citizenship" has met with a veryfavorable reception in the east. *** Jesse F.Steiner is teaching at the University of Washington at Seattle.1917V. H. Gottschalk is senior physicist of theMetallurgical Division of the U. S. Bureau ofMines, 4800 Forbes Street, Pittsburgh. *** AdaH. Arlitt is associate editor of the Child WelfareMagazine. She is professor and head of theDepartment of Child Care and Training at theUniversity of Cincinnati. *** Helen Sard Hughes,'10, A.M. 'n, is co-author with Robert MorrsLovett of the History of the Novel in England,(Houghton Mifflin, 1932). Miss Hughes is professor of English and Chairman of the LiteratureDepartment at Wellesley "College.1919Elbert Russell is Dean of the School of Religion at Duke University; he plans to teach thissummer at Pendle Hill, near Philadelphia, andin the Junaluska School of Religion at Ashe-ville, N. C. His most recent publication is "TheMessage of the Fourth Gospel." *** F. W.Milson, M.D. '20, is in charge of the pathologylaboratories at St. Luke's and Mercy Hospitalsat Cedar Rapids, Iowa. He manages to findtime to do a little research and to carry on aprivate practice.1921George Talbert is a professor of physiologyat the University of North Dakota.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 49EMPLOYMENT TRAVELFor Your Office and Sales AssistantsBoth Men and WomenDavis Personnel Service, Inc.One LaSalle St. Cen. 4232GERTRUDE G. DAVIS '18INSURANCEC. F. AXELSON, '07Chartered Life UnderwriterREPRESENTINGThe Northwestern Mutual Life Ins. Co.209 So. LaSalle St. Tel. State 0633LAUNDRIESR. C. WEINBERG '31ECLIPSE LAUNDRY CO."Artists in Washer aft"Triangle 7500949-957 E. 75th St.LITHOGRAPHINGL. C. MEAD *zi E. J. CHALIFOUX %zzPHOTOPRESS, INC.Planograph — Offset — Printing725 So. LaSalle St. Harrison 3624RADIOWMAQOfficial Broadcasting Station ofThe University of ChicagoWilliam S. Hedges, '18 Mgr.REAL ESTATEJ. Alton Lauren, '19J* Alton Lauren and Co/139 N. Clark St. Randolph 2068SEEDS (Wholesale)OSTBERG SEED CO.Wholesale Seeds7301 Woodlawn Ave. Phone Dorchester 0314SOUND FILM"LIFE ON THE QUADRANGLES"Produced byThe Vitaglo Corporation!Makers of Educational and Commercial Sound Films4942 Sheridan Road - Longbeach 6380 For Reserv<stions/ Tickets/ All Steamship Linesand Travel OrganizationsLESTER F. BLAIRTravel Service Bureau— University of Chicago5758 Ellis Ave. Phones Midway 0800 and Plaza 3858Business DirectoryARTISTSROFFE BEMANPortraits in Pencil and Other Media1541 East Fifty-seventh Street105 West Monroe StreetChicagoTelephones Midway 2112 and State 1815CAROLYN D- TYLERMiniatures- Pastels- Small Sculpture1401 E. 53rd Street Midway 2772ARTIFICIAL LIMBS AND TRUSSESAMBULATORY PNEUMATIC SPLINT MFG. CO.1 861 (W.) Osden Av. Cor. S. Honore St. Phone West 2040For Best Results in Fractures of Hip, Thish, Les, Arm, useour Air Cushioned Reduction Bed or Walkins Splint.Arches, Braces, Calipers, Extensions, Crutches, Chairs,Abdominal Supporters, Elastic Goods, Invalid Chairs,Supplies. Moderate Prices, Reliable Fitting Service.AUTO LIVERYCHICAGO PETERSENMOTOR LIVERYLINCOLN'S With Experienced Chauffeurs5548 Lake Park Ave. MID way 0949AWNINGSPHONES OAKLAND 0690—0691—0692The Old ReliableHYDE PARK AWNING CO., Inc.Awnings and Canopies for All Purposes4508 Cottage Grove AvenueBOYD & GOULD, Inc.5813-15 Wentworth AvenueARTCRAFTAWNINGS AND CANOPIESPhones Wentworth 2450-2451CARPENTERS0/ames GodstedV^3s^/ Carpenter ContractorW 1111 East 55th Street1111 East 55th StreetFAIRFAX 9393-136150 THE UNIVERSITY OFRush Medical College1882John P. Lord, M.D., writes that he is workinghard to keep ahead of the depression and FatherTime.1884Ernest Maramen, M.D., is practicing at Bloom-ington, 111., where he has lived ever since heleft Rush, except for an 18 months' stay at St.John's Hospital in Shanghai. *** Samuel E.Latta, M.D., is surgeon for the Santa Fe Railroad in San Joaquin County, Calif.1885Lawrence H. Prince, M.D. '85, is assistantphysician at the Waukesha Springs Sanitarium. *** W. S. Campbell, M.D., is president ofthe Standard Pharmacal Company at 847 Jackson Boul., Chicago. *** George Deacon, M.D.,is practicing medicine in Pasadena, Calif.1889W. E. Owen, M.D., reports that he is "resting and grumbling and patiently fighting depression and preparing for the 'big show.' "1891Byron M. Caples, M.D., is medical director atWaukesha Springs Sanitarium, Waukesha, Wis.1892H. O. Browning is practicing medicine andsurgery at Hamilton, Mont.1893Henry J. Gahagan, M.D., is practicing neuropsychiatry, and is connected with MercyvilleSanitarium at Aurora, 111.1900J. W. Shafer, M.D., is in general practice atLafayette, Ind.1905Olive Anderson Jeffreys is practicing in Honolulu.1912Morris Fishbein, 'n, M.D., has been awardedthe insignia of Commander of the Order of theCrown of Italy, in recognition of his distinguished services to Italian medicine and physicians. *** Maude Hall Winnett, M.D., ispracticing medicine at 25 E. Washington St.,Chicago.1920Bruce H. Douglas, M.D., still serves as superintendent of the William H. Maybury Sanatorium at Detroit. *** Anna Barbara Grey, S.B.'17, M.D., is convalescing from sprue in Burma, CHICAGO MAGAZINEIndia. *** Mary G. Schroeder, M.D., was amember of the first medical tour of Russia thissummer. The group of twenty-seven visitedclinics, hospitals and sanitaria in Leningrad,Moscow, Kharkov and Kiev and had a most interesting time. Dr. Schroeder is now back atwork at the Elgin State Hospital.1922Cyril Lindwick, '19, M.D., is practicing eye,ear, nose and throat work in Tacoma, Wash. ***Scott Jones, '20, M.D., is in obstetrical practicein Tacoma.1923Harold Meyer is with the surgical staff of St.Luke's Hospital, and acts as an instructor atthe University of Illinois Medical College. ***Ethel B. Perry, M.D., is practicing in Belfast,N. Y.*** Dorothy Grey, '14, M.D., is in medicalpractice in Belfast, N. Y. *** Harold L. Thompson, S.M. '21, M.D., won the research prizecontest of the California State Medical Association for 1932. His paper was entitled "Experimental Pyloric Resection."1925S. M. Creswell, '23, M.D., is city health officerof Tacoma as well as a private practitioner. ***Norman J. Kilbourne, M.D., won the clinicalprize contest of the California State MedicalAssociation, with a paper on "Hydrocele."1929J. Allen Wilson, M.D., is practicing at theEarl Clinic in St. Paul, Minn.DivinityBetween fifty and sixty alumni of the DivinitySchool and other graduate schools of the University of Chicago met in the Hotel William Taylor,San Francisco, Wednesday noon, July 13. Thecompany was composed of delegates to theNorthern Baptist Convention and several members of the local alumni association. ProfessorJ. W. Bailey of the Berkeley Theological Seminary presided.An account of the interesting experiment ineducation in process at the University was givenby Dean Shailer Mathews, who also reportedconcerning a cooperative study that is beingmade of present day ministerial education. Thesummer Institute for pastors that is to be conducted August 1 to 7 jointly by the DivinitySchool of the University of Chicago and theChicago Theological Seminary was announcedas affording a fellowship and conference of realeducational value at very moderate cost. Following Dean Mathews' address, sound picturesportraying campus activities were shown.It was noted during the roll call how widelyseparated are the localities in this country andTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 5iCATERERSMARTHA WINTERLING5034 Cottage Grove Ave.Catering toLuncheons, Dinners, Card Parties, etc.Telephone Kenwood 0249CEMETERIESOAK WOODS CEMETERY1035 E. 67th St. at Greenwood Ave.Fairfax 0140Irrevocable Perpetual CharterCrematory — GreenhousesCHIROPODISTDR. G. L BIERSMITHFoot Specialist and Chiropodist1133 East Sixty-Third St.PHONE MIDWAY 1828CLEANERS AND DYERSTHE NEW DREXELCleaners and DyersWe Clean Everything from Gloves to Rugs9x12 Rugs Cleaned on Both Sides, Only $2.004720-22 Cottage Grove Ave.Phone Kenwood 6001, 6002, 6003, 6004COAL5900 STEWART 3952AUBURN COAL & MATERIAL CO.COAL- COKE- BUILDING MATERIAL7443 So. Racine Ave. ChicasoCOFFEE and TEAW. S. Quinby, Bell Conrad Co.Importers and Roasters ofHigh Grade Coffees and Teas417-427 West Ohio St. Phones Superior 2336-7-8CUT STONE HAULINGNELS OLSONCUT STONE HAULING3001 S. Wells Street Victory 0711DECORATORSARTHUR E, BOURGEAUPAINTING and INTERIOR DECORATINGHardware and Paints1216-1218-E. 55 ST. PHONE HYDE PARK 1049Est. 1897 DENTISTSDR. J. J. JOHNSTENDENTISTSuite 417 1180 East 63rd Street, ChicagoPhone Dorchester 9545DR. E. E. MACPHERSONDENTISTGASX-RAY 1133 East 63rd StreetPhone Hyde Park 3939ELEVATORSRELIANCE ELEVATOR CO.PASSENGER AND FREIGHTELEVATORSFor Every Purpose212 W. Austin Ave. ChicagoFISHJ. A. DAVIS FISH CO.Specialize in Supplying Hotels, Restaurants, Hospitals,Institutions. Fresh Caught Direct From the Fisherman.211 N. Union Ave. Phone Haymarket 1495FILLING STATIONSROSCOE LAYMANFILLING STATION92nd Street and So. Chicago Ave.PHONE SO. CHICAGO 1163FLOWERS^ ~ AM CHICAGOGSXIM!^ ESTABLISHED 1865Wf FLOWERS^^^ Phones: Plaza 6444, 644S 1631 East 55th StreetFLOOR SURFACINGL. C. FAULKNERElectric Floor SurfacerRemoves Paint and Varnish ElectricallyMakes Old Floors Like New1516 E. 69th Street Fairfax 3262GARAGESCapacity 350 Cars FireproofFairchild Garage Co.5546 Lake Park Ave.Thru to Harper Ave.PHONES HYDE PARK 1275-1275Dependable Service52 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO fyLAGAZINEin foreign lands wherein lie the fields in whichthe pastors and missionaries in attendance at thedinner labor. D. C. Holton, from his missionstation in Japan, was welcomed as the latestarrival from a foreign field.Dr. Fred Firestone, M.D., is President of theUniversity of Chicago Alumni Association ofSan Francisco.Officers of the Divinity School Alumni Association elected for the coming year are asfollows: President, Reverend C. W. Kemper,D.D., Charleston, West Virginia ; Vice-President,Reverend George L. White, D.D., of the Ministers' and Missionaries' Benefit Board, New YorkCity; Secretary, Professor C. T. Holman, Divinity School, University of Chicago.LawThe following graduates and faculty members of the Law School are on committees of theChicago Bar Association:Librarian — Willard L. King '17.Amendment of the Law — Henry P. Chandler,'06, Chairman; Louis S. Hardin, '21, Vice-Chairman; Thurlow G. Essington, '08;Prof. Ernest Freund, David J. Greenberg,'16, Harry Markheim, '13.Grievances — Jacob Logan Fox, '13, Charles F.Harding, Jr., '14.Judiciary — John L. Hopkins, '07.Legal Education — William Kix Miller, '10,James McKeag, '07.Memorials — Charles V. Clark, '04, Chairman.Public Service — Francis L. Boutell, '15, EarlD. Hostetter, '09, Harry A. Newby, Ex.Rules of Court — Clay Judson, '17.Administration of Criminal Justice — UrbanA. Lavery, '10, Prof. E. W. Puttkammer,'17;Administration of the Bankruptcy Law —Charles F. McElroy, '15.Receiverships and Mortgage Foreclosures —George B. McKibbin, '13.Unauthorized Practice — Charles W. Paltzer,'09.Defense of Prisoners — Charles H. Borden,'19, Charles R. Holton, '10.Dining Room Committee — Sydney K. Scruff,'23.War Veterans' Committee — Harold W. Norman, '20, Vice-President; D. Francis Bustin,'17, Andrew D. Collins, EX-.Corporation Law — Dwight P. Green, '12, Vice-Chairman; Charles E. Clark, '17, Paul V.Harper, '13, Paul O'Donnell, '09. 'Membership — George D. Mills, '22, Chairman.Editorial — Louis S. Hardin, '21, John R. Montgomery, Jr., '25.Public Law Offices — Irwin T. Gil ruth, '17,Albert L. Hopkins, '08. 1909James Pinckney Pope, for the past two yearsmayor of Boise, Idaho, is democratic candidatefor the U. S. Senate.1915Robert Guinther, J.D., is the newly electedpresident of the Ohio State Bar Association.He has been active in legal reform in Ohio for anumber of years, and acted last year as chairman of the Association's Committee onUnauthorized Practice of the Law.1917Fletcher Catron, '14, J.D., is assistant U. S.District Attorney at Santa Fe, New Mexico.1922Archie Schimberg, '17, J.D., and Simon H.Alster, '20, J.D., '21, are practicing law at Suite¦ 1 3 10, 100 West Monroe St., Chicago.i93iHugh F. Hall, J.D., is with the firm of Mus-1 grave, Oppenheim, Price and Ewins.Social Service AdministrationFacultyAssociate Professor Mollie Ray Carroll, Ph.B.,'n; A.M. '15, Ph.D., '20, Executive Head Resi-> dent of the University of Chicago Settlement,attended the International Conference of SocialWork which met in Frankfurt, Germany, JulyI 10 to 14.Associate Professor A. Wayne McMillenPh.D., '31, has been given leave of absence for1 the Autumn Quarter at the request of the Re-, construction Finance Corporation. Dr. McMillenhas been put in charge of the division of SouthWestern States reporting from the governorsof states seeking loans to the Corporation. Hewill be back in residence in the winter quarter.Dean Edith Abbott, Ph.D., '05, and Professor, Sophonisba Breckinridge, Ph.M., '97, J.D., '04;Ph.D., '01, were among the speakers at the1 Colorado State Conference of Social Work inSeptember.Elizabeth Wisner, Ph.D., 1929, has recentlybeen appointed Acting Director of the School ofSocial Work at Tulane University, Louisiana.1932 Masters of ArtsStudents who received the A.M. degree at theJune and August, 1932 Convocations include thefollowing: Alice Frances Bible returned to herl« position at the Institute of Juvenile Researchwhere she was doing psychiatric social work;Borghild M. Boe is working with Louis E.7, Evans, A.M., 1929, in the Child Placing Department of the Joint Service Bureau, an organiza-THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINELAUNDRIES RIDING 53Fidelity Morgan Service, Inc."Better Laundry Work"Branch 1015 East 61st StreetPhone Calumet 1906LEXINGTON LAUNDRY1214 East 61st StreetFAIRFAX 0732" For All Fine Laundering "LIGHTINGStudio and Display Rooms Tel. Superior 5381-2Henkel & Best Co.439 North Michigan AvenueDesigners and Manufacturers ofArtistic Lighting FixturesLOCKSMITHSOldest - - Largest - - LocksmithsS SD & KEY SERVICEKeys Made While U Hesitate6420 Cottage Grove Mid. 3643-4-5MUSICAL INSTRUCTIONAMERICAN CONSERVATORY of MUSICFORTY-FIFTH SEASONAll branches of music and dramatic art. Certificates,Degrees. Nationally accredited. Enter any time.Address: Free catalog.John R. Hattstaedt, Secretary, 500 Kimball Hall. South Side Branch, 1133 E. 63rd St.MONUMENTSPhone Monroe 5058 Established 1889C. CILELLA & SONMONUMENTS AND MAUSOLEUMSRock of Ages and Guardian MemorialsWe Erect Work Anywhere 723-25 W. Taylor StreetPAINTINGEstablished 1851 Incorporated 1891Geo. D. Milligan CompanyPainting and Decorating Contractors2309 South Parkway Tel. Cal. 5665PLASTERINGHoward F. NolanPlastering, Brick and Cement WorkRepairing a Specialty1111 East 55th St. Phones 1878 - 79 Midway Riding Academy6037 Drexei AvenueExpert InstructorsBeautiful Bridle Path and Good HorsesUniversity of Chicago Riding HeadquartersMidway 9571 Phone Dorchester 8041ROOFINGGROVE ROOFING CO.(Gilliland)Old Roofs Repaired— New Roofs Put On20 Years at6644 Cottage Grove Ave.Fairfax 3206RUG CLEANERSTEL TRIANGLE 3640 ESTABLISHED 1910GRAGG — Certified Rug CleanersOF ORIENTAL AND DOMESTICRUGS AND CARPETS EXCLUSIVELY911-13-15-17 East 75th StreetSADDLERYW. J. WYMANManufacturer, Importer and Dealer inHigh Grade Saddles, Polo Goods, Etc.Chicago Riding Club Building, 628 McClurg CourtLake Forest Store— 210-212 Westminster Ave., EastTelephone Superior 8801SCALP SPECIALISTSDR. H. C. WEIGERTSCALP SPECIALIST5238 Lake Park AvenueMIDWAY 3836SCHOOLSFREE INFORMATION of PrivateBoarding Schools and Summer Camps.Catalogs on request. Call ;Affiliated Boarding Schools Asa'n.1112 Marshall Field Annex, ChicagoTel. Central 0345 Miss S. H. Shultz, DirectorPRACTICAL BUSINESS TRAININGBusiness Administration, Executive-Secretarial14 Other Practical Courses - Train for Assured SuccessCollege Grade Courses 76th Year Write for CatalogBRYANT & STRATTON COLLEGE18 South Michigan Avenue Randolph 1575TIMELY ART GUIDANCEExperienced • Progressive • SuccessfulSummer Session Starts July 6Fall Session September 6 — 30th YearCHICAGO ACADEMY OF FINE ARTS1 8 South Michogan Avenue - Chicago54 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEtion providing homes for dependent NegroChildren committed by the Juvenile Court;Elizabeth Louise Brown has accepted a positionin Detroit; Margaret M. Hatch is in the StateDepartment of Public Welfare in Florida;Zephyr Lena Holman is continuing her work asa medical social case worker at Provident Hospital, Chicago ; Erma Clementine Janssen is a CaseWorker in the Central Associated Charities ofEvanston; Genevieve Ann Lensing has a position as Medical Social Worker with the University of Minnesota Hospital, Minneapolis; CarolR. McDowell is at present working on a studyof the Unemployment Relief Service under Dr.Helen Wright; Iva Smith has returned to aposition with the Milwaukee Children's Homeand Aid ; Max Stern is continuing as case workerwith the Jewish Social Service Bureau ; FlorenceL. Sullivan has accepted the position of Instructor in Case Work at the Loyola University; M.Antonia Thomas teaches at the Carter Schoolin Chicago; Harriet L. Tynes has gone to NewYork City as Medical Social Worker at the Cornell Clinic; and Edith Julia Vecker has beenappointed Medical Social Worker in the IndianaUniversity Hospital, Indianapolis.1932 Bachelors of PhilosophyStudents who received the Ph.B., degree at theJune and August, 1932, Convocations and havebeen placed are as follows: Lillian H. Goldman,Flora Toigo, and Clara Shayne, are employed atthe Unemployment Relief Service in Chicago;Eva Hance is continuing as Secretary of theCouncil Committee on Family Service in theLos Angeles Community Welfare Federation;Gerard Price is doing recreational work in Elgin, Illinois.Former StudentsFormer graduate students who have acceptednew positions recently include: Jessie Alice Vieh-meyer, who has taken a position in the AlimonyDepartment of the Cook County Bureau ofPublic Welfare; Dorothy Creighton, ErnestCrossley, Janet Goff, Lillian Ripple and HelenHrachovska, who have taken positions at theJuvenile Court; Grace White, Ph.B., 193 1, hasbeen appointed Medical Social Worker at MountSinai Hospital, Cleveland; Lora Varney hasaccepted a position as Medical Social Workerin the Syracuse General Hospital, Syracuse, NewYork. Henrietta C. Warner, is executivedirector of the Scholarship Association for Jewish Children in the Vocational Guidance Bureauof the Board of Education. Th© associationgrants high school scholarships to students ofgood record who would otherwise be obliged toleave school.1925Esther C. Quaintance, A.M., is directing asurvey of living expenditures in physicians'households as one phase of the problem of medi cal economics. The study is being made throughthe Women's Auxiliary of the Los AngelesCounty Medical Association at the request ofthe latter. At the state meeting it was voted tomake a state-wide project.Professional NotesA third printing of Dr. Breckinridge's book,Family Welfare Work in a Metropolitan Community, has been brought out this summer. Thisedition contains the new Public Welfare Statutesof Cook County, Illinois.Social Service Monograph Number 18, "AWorking Manual for Juvenile Court Officers,"by Ralph J. Riley, Assistant State's Attorney andLegal Advisor for the Cook County JuvenileCourt, has just been published. The manualwill be of great service to court workers in preparing and presenting their cases.The September number of the Social ServiceReview contains the Proceedings of the 1932American Public Welfare Association.EngagementsEsther F. Marhoefer, '21, A.M. '26, to HuletHall Cook of Atlanta, Georgia.Frank D. Mayer, J.D. '23, to Katherine K.Selz of Chicago.Ruth Kay, '32, to Jerome H. Debs, '28.Lawrence A. Williams, S.M. '28, M.D. '31,to Lovina Brewer Harvey of LaGrange.Ruth Vivian Norman, '29, to Eugene WilsonMacoy, '29.Raymond E. Ziff, '30, to Betty Pinkovitch, ex,'33, of Chicago.MarriagesWilliam V. Morgenstern, '20, J.D. '22, publicity director of the University and well-knowncontributor to the pages of this Magazine, wasmarried October 4, 1932, to Dorothy O'Brien ofBerwyn, 111., erstwhile head of the ServiceBureau of the National Broadcasting Company.Mr. and Mrs. Morgenstern will live at Hitchcock Hall on the quadrangles, where they willprovide the home atmosphere for the residents.George W. Bauder, M.D. '03, to E. Irene Williams of Gettysburg, Penna., January 24, 193 1.At home, 200 Verbeke Street, Harrisburg, Penna.Merritt W. Parkinson, ex, '20, to ElizabethMae Vetter, July 2, 1932, at Joseph Bond Chapel.At home, 5218 Drexei Boulevard, Chicago. Mr.Parkinson is sales manager of the manufacturingdepartment of the University of Chicago Press.M. William Malczewski, '20, J.D. '20, toFlora A. Saxton, July 17, 1932. At home, Gary,Indiana.Alice Elizabeth Callahan, '21, A.M. '26, toJoseph F. Regan.James Selleck Blaine, '23, to Laura Sofia Rif-bjerg of Berkeley, Calif., at Carson City, Nev.,October 17, 1931.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 55SCHOOLS — continuedTHE CHICAGO LATIN SCHOOLFOR BOYSPreparation from Kindergarten to CollegeOur Graduates make excellent University Records1531 N. Dearborn Pkwy. SUPERIOR 5734COLLEGE PREPARATORY SCHOOLPrepare for Leading Colleges in Months not YearsHigh School Requirements in Shortest TimeConsistent with Thorough InstructionMorning and Evening Classes23 East Jackson Blvd.. Webster 2448 SCHOOLS — continuedST. GEORGE SCHOOL FOR GIRLS4545 DREXEL BLVD.DAY and BOARDING SCHOOLCatalog Nursery Through High Enter Any TimeATLANTIC 2746SHIPPING AND STORAGEMOVING — STORAGE — SHIPPINGPacking and Baggage TransferSTROMBERG BROTHERS1316 East 61st StreetPhones Dorchester 3211 and 3416THE FAULKNER SCHOOL FOR GIRLSA Day School for Girls of All AgesPrepares Its Graduates for All Collegesand UniversitiesThe College Board Examinations AreGiven at the School4746 Dorchester Ave. Tel. Oakland 1423 TEACHERS AGENCIESfj1* "¦ Teachers 28 E. Jackson Blvd.CHICAGOAgencyOur Service Is Nation WideMacCormac School of CommerceBusiness Administration and Secretarial TrainingDAY AND EVENING CLASSESEnter Any Monday1 1 70 E. 63rd St. H. P. 2 130THE MIDWAY SCHOOL6216 Kimbark Ave. Tel. Dorchester 3299Elementary Grades J unior High PreparationKindergarten French, Dancing, Music and ArtBus ServiceA School with Individual Instruction and Cultural Advantages THE YATES-FISHER TEACHERSAGENCYEstablished 1906PAUL YATES, Manager616-620 South Michigan Ave. ChicagoUNDERTAKERSBOYDSTON BROS.Undertakers4227-31 Cottage Grove Avenue Cor. 42nd PlaceTelephones Oakland 0492 and Oakland 0493Orthogenic School of ChicagoAffiliated with the University of ChicagoBoarding and Day School forRetarded and Problem ChildrenCatalog on Request1365 East 60th Street MID. 7879 LUDLOW * SCHNEIDERFUNERAL DIRECTORSFine Chapel with New Pipe OrganSedan Ambulance ServiceTel. Fairfax 2861 6110 Cottage Grove Ave.Pestalozzi Froebel Teachers CollegeKindergarten— Primary— Dramatics— SpeechStrongt Practical CoursesCentrally Located in Downtown Chicago. Dormitory.Accredited-37th yr:-2f3,4yr. Courses-Special Courses616 S. Michigan Ave. Write for Free Catalogs Wabash 6762STARRETT SCHOOL for GIRLSA Boarding and Day School for High School andJunior College StudentsFully AccreditedA Refined and Stimulating School Environment4515 Drexei Blvd. Drexei 0521 SKEELES - BIDDLEFuneral DirectorsFairfax 0120 Sixty-Third Street and Evans Ave.UPHOLSTERERSHARPER UPHOLSTERINGREFINISHING— REPAIRINGCabinet Work, Antiqueins and LacqueringPhone Radcliffe 641356 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINESherman Day Wakefield, '24, to Mrs. EvaIngersoll (Brown) Swasey, July 8, 1932, NewYork. Mr. Wakefield is a bibliographer of theEncyclopaedia of the Social Sciences.Russell C. Carrell, '24, M.D. '28, to Marguerite Cheney, Bond Chapel, March 15, 1932. Dr.Carrell is with the Lago Oil and Transport Co.,Ltd., Hospital at San Nicholas, Aruba, D.W.I.Reuben E. Almquist, '24, M.D. '28, to ElsaE. Hall, July 20, 1932, at Gary, Indiana.F. Leora Larson, '26, to Calvin Conner ofMemphis, June 25, 1932. Mrs. Conner is generalsecretary of the Family Welfare Agency ofMemphis.Ora L. Brown, '26, to Jerry C. Learning, June25, 1932.J. Barton Hoag, Ph.D. '27, to Patricia E. Gillis,'30, of Hammond, Ind., August 31, 1932. Dr.and Mrs. Hoag are now travelling in Europe,and plan to spend most of their time in Germany.Dr. Hoag is the last of the "old guard" of theDepartment of Physics and Mathematics tomarry.Beatrice Odell Green, '27, to Dr. William H.Wilson, August 17, 1932.Helen Ash, '29, to Herbert Clay Bluthenthal,Jr., '23, August n, 1932; at home, 5110 KenwoodAve., Chicago.Dorothy E. Bernet, '29, to Lester J. Cappon, ofMilwaukee, June 25, 1932. They will live atthe University of Virginia, where Dr. Capponis professor of history and archivist of the University Library.Howard B. Weaver, M.D. '31, to CharlotteEhless, June 5, 1932; at home, Canton, Ohio.George Morgenstern, '30, to Barbara Morse,August 22, 1932, Chicago.Edward J. Barrett, J.D. '30, to Adeline A.Anglebeck, June 30, 1932, Chicago; at home,7836 South Shore Drive, Chicago.Blanche Schaffner, '32, to Julius Altschul,September 11, 1932, Chicago.BirthsTo Lawrence G. Dunlap, '13, M.D. '15, andMrs. Dunlap, a son, Benjamin Charles, at Anaconda, Montana, July 29, 1932.To Roswell Magill, J.D. '20, and Mrs. Magill(Katherine Biggins, '15, J.D. '20) a son, HughStewart Magill 3rd, Nov. 20, 193 1, New York.To James Mason, '20, and Mrs. Mason, adaughter, Eleanor Margery, August 23, 1932,Chicago.To Lawrence M. Graves, A.M. '21, Ph.D. '24,and Mrs. Graves (Josephine Wells, '20) adaughter, Ann Lowell, June 7, 1932.To Howard R. Moore, '21, S.M. '23, Ph.D.'24, and Mrs. Moore, a son, Howard R. Jr., onMarch 23, 1932, Cumberland, Md.To S. Bernard Wager, '22, and Mrs. Wager, a daughter, Berne Frances, June 22, 1932, at LosAngeles, Calif.To Mr. and Mrs. Finney Briggs (Leona Fay,'22) a son, Frederick John, May 31, 1932, Chicago.To Percival Allen Gray, Jr., '22, Ph.D. '24,M.D. '27, and Mrs. Gray (Mary Foster, '25 ex)a son, James Edward, June 3, 1932, Santa Barbara, Calif.To Miles E. Lamphiear, '23, and Mrs. Lam-phiear (Anne McLaughlin, ex '26) a daughter,Donna Kathryn, July 29, 1932.To Mr. and Mrs. C. A. Jensen (EvangelineLovett Nine, '25) a son, Robert Astreys, March,1932, LaSalle, III.To Paul H. Keller, '25, and Mrs. Keller (DorisTrivett, A.M. '26) a son, Paul Trivett, August23, 1932, Orchard Park, N. Y.To Ronnoc H. Connor, ex '25, and Mrs. Connor, a son, Frank Field, June 15, 1932, Chicago.To Ralph W. Tyler, Ph.D. '27, and Mrs.Tyler, a daughter, Ann Elizabeth, August 22,1932.To Mr. and Mrs. Elmo Paul Hohman (HelenFisher Hohman, Ph.D. '28) a daughter, ElinorVastine, February 13, 1932, Evanston, 111.To M. Ray Doubles, J.D. '29, and Mrs,Doubles, a son, Malcolm Carroll, August 141932, Richmond, Va.To J. Allen Wilson, M.D. '29, and MrsWilson, a daughter, Ann Elizabeth, June 30, 1932DeathsJames McElroy, M.D. '74, August 4, 1932, atPortland, Oregon.Edwin Julius Bartlett, M.D. '79, June 10, 1932.Charles Dwight Marsh, Ph.D. '04, April 23,1932, Washington, D. C.Lonada Newton, '06, February 7, 1932, atDenver, Colorado.Claude C. Alexander, A.M. '10, August 25,1932, at Hibbing, Minnesota.Phil H. Arbuckle, '10, June 13, 1932, Houston,Texas.Belle Francis, '18, A.M. '20, March 17, 1932,at Tom Beau, Texas.Esther L. Thayer, '20, September 3, 1932, inan automobile accident near Berrien Springs,Michigan.Mrs. W. R. Howell (Eva Green, '20) in anautomobile accident, March 13, 1932, Texas.Cirilo A. Manat, '23, A.M. '26, J.D. '27, December 16, 1930.Myra Rogers, Ph.D. '27, at Mercy Hospital,New Orleans, May 30, 1932. Miss Rogers wasan assistant professor of Latin at NewcombCollege, New Orleans.Henry A. Goldsteen, '17, September 18, 1932,Chicago, III.A Selection ofCHOICE HOMESFor Your Stay in Chicago# Listed here is a selected group of attractive and reasonable hotels and apartment hotels close to the University and to swift transportation to Chicago? sloop.Approved by the Housing Bureau for undergraduate tenancy, we recommendthem to you, the alumni, as ideal homes during your next stay in Chicago.• THE VERSAILLES53rd and DorchesterHere you can get the finest service combinedwith the quiet atmosphere of a privatehome. Close to the University and totransportation. The Versailles offers perfect accommodations for transient or permanent guests.Hotel Rooms $45 to $70. 2-3 Room Kitchenettes $60 to $95. Mr. Shea, Mgr.Phone Fair. 0200• THE DORCHESTER1401 Hyde Park Blvd.Situated on exclusive Hyde Park Boulevard,the Dorchester has one of the choicestlocations of any apartment hotel in Chicago.Each apartment has free electric refrigeration in addition to complete hotel service.2 Room Dinette $65 up. 3 Room Kitchenette $100 up. Roof Bungalow $125.Mrs. Thatcher, Mgr. Phone Dor. 9100.• THE BROADVIEW HOTEL5540 Hyde Park Blvd.Beautiful Jackson Park is just a block awaywith its yacht harbor, tennis courts andbridle paths. This is one of the mostmodern and up-to-date hotels in Chicago.Excellent dining room.Room with Private Bath $8 Weekly. Mr.Lineaweaver, Mgr. Fair. 8800 • THE ESSEX6230 Dorchester Ave.One of the most attractive apartment hotelson the south side. The rooms are large,light, attractively decorated and free electric refrigeration goes with each suite.It is conveniently located just one-half blockfrom the 63rd street I. C. Station.1-2-3 Room Kitchenette Apts. $45 to $95.Mr. Hayes, Mgr. Phone Plaza 6477.• CORNELL TOWERS5346 Cornell AvenueJust a block from Hyde Park Boulevardand from the 53rd Street I. C. Station.A comfortable hotel apartment where youcan enjoy the most complete service andthe beauties of Chicago's famous southshore.2-3 Room Kitchenettes $75 to $175.4 Room Apartments $165 and up.Mr. Olson, Mgr. Plaza 5400• TUDOR MANOR7416 Phillips AvenueThis delightful apartment hotel is abouta mile and a half from the University butto see it is to want to stay there. A largesolarium adds to your comfort and enjoyment and the service offered is unexcelled.Hotel Rooms $45. 1-2-3 Room Apartments$55 to $95. Mrs. Blair, Mgr. PhoneReg. 1620© 1932, Liggett & Myers Tobacco Co.bailing, Sailing, over the JJounding MainIn over eighty countries ... no matterwhere you may go, by land or by sea or byair . . . you can always buy Chesterfields.Their reputation for Mildness andBetter Taste is international. Just ask forthe cigarette that satisfies.The cigarette that's MILDERThe cigarette that TASTES BETTER W Wherever you buy\j Chesterfields.you get \them just as fresh as\ if you came by our Jfactory door