THE UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO MAGAZINEf0L. XXIII JANUARY, 1931 NUMBER 3QUADRANGLE HOMES5545-49 Woodlawn Avenue100% Co-operative« »This IsJohnstonBrothersNINTH_ 100%Co-operativeApartmentBuildingAggregating256ApartmentHomes« » « »ThisSplendidBuildingWill Permit38 SelectedFamiliesto LiveNear theUniversityUnderIdealConditions« »Building Consists of: 5 Rooms — 2 Baths,- 6 Rooms — 3 Baths; 7 Rooms — 3 Baths.QUADRANGLE HOMES has been designed with unusually large rooms, con-venient layouts of apartments, many closets and the privacy of a n individuai home.Each apartment has East and West exposures and will always have an abun-dance of sunshine and ventilation, and a view over the beautiful University ofChicago Campus to the South and West, and the Lake, Jackson Park, and theOuter Drive to the East.You are cordially invited to inspect now, at the office of the Building, theplans, and thesamplesofthe fine equipmentthat is to be installed in the building.You will be agreeably impressed with the reasonable cost and the excep-tionally low monthly charges.A PAMPHLET CONTAINING COMPLETE INFORMATION WITHREFERENCETO QUADRANGLE HOMES WILL BE SENT TO YOU UPONREQUEST.Johnston BrothersBuilders and Owners77 West Washington St.State 1727 — Mid. 1328 Office of the Building5545 Woodlawn Avenue— Midway 1328 — J. Alton Lauren '19Exclusive Sales1 39 North Clark St.Ran. 2068 — Mid. 1 328W*t Untoerstti» of Chicago iHagajtncEditor and Business Manager, Charlton T. Beck. '04EDITORIAL BOARD: Commerce and Administration Association — Rollin D. He-mens, '21 ; Divinity Association — C. T. Holman, D.B., '16; Doctors' Association — D. J.Fisher, '17, Ph.D., '22; Law Association— Charles F. McElroy, A.M., >o6, J. D., '15 \School of Education Association— Lillian Stevenson, '21 ; Rush Medicai Association —Morris Fishbein, 'ii, M.D., '12; College— Roland F. Holloway, '20; Allen Heald,'26; Wm. V. Morgenstern '20, J.D., '22; Faculty— Fred B. Millett, Department ofEnglish.John P. Mentzer, '98, Chairman*The Second ^nnual ^Alumni <iAssemblyGrand Ball Room, Stevens HotelChicagoWednesday, March 4, 193 1Officiai University Exhibit, 5 to 6:30 P. M. Informai Reception, 6 P. M.Dinner, 6 :45 o'clock — Two dollars and fifty cents the piateSPEAKERSJames Weber Linn, '97, ToastmasterRobert Maynard HutchinsPresident of the UniversityGeorge A. WorksDean of Students and University Ex- Mollie Ray Carroll, 'iiAssociate Professor of Social Economyand Executive Director UniversitySettlementThe Alumni CounciI, in cooperation with the Chicago Alumni Club and the Chicago AlumnaeClub, announces this Second Midwinter Assembly, which is given primarily for the purpose ofinforming the alumni of the great plans of the University in the immediate future.Ali alumni and alumnae, their families and friends, ali members of the Board of Trustees andof the University Faculties are most cordially invited to this informai reunion and dinner.Reservations may he made through the Alumni OfficeTHE Magazine is published at 1009 SloanSt., Crawfordsville, Ind., monthly from No-vember to July, inclusive, for The AlumniCounciI of the University of Chicago, 58th St.and Ellis Ave., Chicago, 111. The subscriptionprice is $2.00 per year; the price of single copiesis 25 cents.Remittances should be made payable to theAlumni CounciI and should be in the Chicagoor New York exchange, postai or express moneyorder. If locai check is used, 10 cents must beadded for collection.Claims for missing numbers should be madewithin the month following the regular month of publication. The Publishers expect to supplymissing numbers free only when they have beenlost in transit.Communications pertaining to advertising maybe sent to the Publication Office, 1009 Sloan St.,Crawfordsville, Ind., or to the Editoriàl Office,Box 9, Faculty Exchange, The University ofChicago.Communications for publication should be sentto the Chicago Office.Entered as second class matter December 10,1924, at the Post Office at Crawfordsville, Indiana, under the Act of March 3, 1879.Member of Alumni Magazines Associated."3The South Facade of the ChapelV O L. XXIII No. 3Umbergttp of CfncagoJfflaga^neJANUARY, 1931Teheran to IsphahànBy Frederic J. Gurney, B.D. '83IT WAS at Nò Rooz, i.e., New ( Year's)Day, the spring equinox. The Moslemcalendar begins the year then, quite ap-propriately, and the schools have a week ofholiday. I went with Hoffman and Mc-Carroll, short term members, like myself,of the faculty of the American College ofTeheran. We rode on trucks; that is thecheapest and most convenient way for a mangoing on a trip.We were told to be at the garage at 1 :oop.m. or they would notwait for us. We werethere on the dot, butthe trucks did not leavetill 5 o'clock. Why thedelay? Well, this isPersia. Hoffman and Iwere with the driver inthe first truck and Macand the boss similarlyin number two. Thereare many first classtrucks in use here, butthey are grossly abusedby overloading. Ourswas registered for amaximum of three tons,but it carried four and Three Generations of GurneysThe author in the center, F. TaylorGurney, '21, at his lefta half tons of Russian sugar and broughtback three and a half tons of Persian cotton.Besides taking our passports each of ushad to get from the police department ajavàwz, permitting us to leave the city.This had to be shown on entering and onleaving every city we passed through and atsome stations along the road besides.Even our personal cards also were some-times demanded. A new javàwz had to begot for the return trip.Traveling in Persia,as well as some otheraffairs, is tied up withred tape almost tostrangulation. Whilethe guards at the citygate were inspectingour papers a caravanwent out ahead of us.You should have seenthe leading carnei. Hewore an elaborate head-dress with many bril-liantly colored tassels.His saddle and trap-pings were likewisegay, and from his neckhung several bells, one"5nò THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEA caravan went out ah e adbelow and partly within another, graded insize and tone. Each of the other animalswas fastened by a long halter to the one be-fore him. Many of them carried bells andas the long file lurched slowly over the roadit made a picturesque sight and a rich,though monotonous, harmony. A leadingcarnei is the acme of scornful dignity. Thepose of his head and long gawky neck, theexpression of his apparently half closed eyesand of his big pendulous lips, ali speak alofty disdain of this world and ali its in-habitants. Someone has said that the onlything he lacks is a lorgnette.A few miles from the city we passed theshrine of Abdol Azim, whose beautifulgilded dome and tiled minarets were halfhidden by trees, and we were well on theway. At dusk we stopped at a teahouseand ate our lunch. Tea houses are to befound along every road, generally in thevillages, and are numerous in the cities.Good tea can always be had (safer to drinkthan unboiled water) and also simple food.They serve also as centers of news andgossip. Several of the guests performedtheir evening devotions on a raised platformin one corner of the room. One seemed tobe facing the wrong way for several mencalled to him that Mecca was not in thatdirection. He argued the case with them,but stood his ground and went on with hisprayers. At a teahouse where we break-fasted on the return trip we had music anddancing: a man with a drum, which hethumped with his fingers, another with aqueer little fiddle, and a lad wearing a pinkskirt to trip the light fantastic.Owing to the late start we did not reachKum, the first stopping place, until mid-night. The trucks turned into a large cara- vanserai — garage and we got sleeping ac-commodations on the floor of a room openon one side : thin mattresses, coarse quiltsand hard pillows. They were none tooclean, but we rested.Kum is a shrine city. A woman saint isburied there in a beautiful mosque-likebuilding, whose gilded dome gleamed inthe morning sunlight. She was Fatima, asister of Imam Rezàh, whose shrine in faraway Meshed makes that a holy city. Ashrine is an object of pilgrimage and a placeof worship. This one, naturally, is visitedby many women.It was surprising to find the interior ofthe country so rugged. There are broadvalleys and extensive plains, but throughoutthis trip of 275 miles we were not out ofsight of snowclad mountains for more than75 miles. Our road, pretty good most ofthe way, led up and down and around manya curve. The rocks were always interesting.The strafa were tilted to every angle fromlevel to vertical. Some of them were bril-liantly colored. Here and there was ashallow stream bed with a strip of whitealong each side. Season after season as thehot weather carne on the water had driedaway and a slight deposit of salt had beenadded to the accumulation of centuries.But in favored valleys there were water-courses which irrigated the fertile soil andmany orchards, each surrounded by a highmud wall, were in full bloom. Almond,plum, peach and apricot trees made thatpiece of desert a vast bouquet. The villageswere built of mud, many of the roofs aredomeshaped, for timber is scarce and a domecan be made of mud bricks. The streetsare frequently narrow, as they are in thecities.Breakfast with music and dancingTEHERAN TO ISPHAHÀN 117Donkeys are everywhere and the loadsthose little animals carry are amazing.In one village there was a large building,a sort of "castle," now vacant except for thecaretaker's family. One of the doors was ahuge slab of stone with projections aboveand below fitting into sockets and formingthe hinges. It must have weighed morethan a ton. We saw several like it atIsphahàn serving as gates to small walledfields.We reached the city late the second eve-ning and went to the hostel of Stuart Me-morial College, a fine institution under theChurch Missionary Society of England.Two days later their athletic teams, with abig group of fans, left for Teheran to playthe annual matches with the boys of our college. Mac went with them, but Hoffmanand I stayed to see more of the city. Oneof the sights is the great maidàn, publicsquare, at each end of which are stone goalposts for the polo games played here informer times. Polo is native to Persia, butI do not know of its being played here nowexcept by some of the English residents.On one side of the maidàn is the Ali Kopée,an old palace, now vacant, of Shah Abbàssthe Great (1 585-1 628 A.D.) who madethis old city his capital. He used to sit onthe lofty porch to watch the games. Atthe east end is the mosque of the Shah.Another old palace is the Chehél Sitoón, orforty pillars. The great porch has twentytali wooden columns and these are reflectedin the long pool in front. The ceilings aredecorated with beautiful arabesque fioraidesigns and tiny mirrors laid on in patterns,in typical Persian style. The walls arecovered with large paintings of historicalscenes, battles, visits of foreign princes,Palace of the forty pillars The great maidàn, public squarebanquets, etc. We visited the great Mad-rasséh, a school for móllahs) used also as amosque, which it resembles with the min-arets and dome. As it is not primarily amosque infidels like ourselves are allowed toenter. We even ascended one of the min-arets and we took several pictures.Before leaving for Isphahàn I had askedmy friend Mr. Payne, our mission treasurer,how much the trip would probably cost.He laughed and said "It will cost ali themoney you take with you." When one getsinto the bazaars and sees the Isphahànbrass and silver he may go daffy and emptyhis purse. There are other things also totempt the tomàns out of his pocket. Eachcity has its own style, whether it be in rugsor metal or what not. The metal ware ofthis city is justly famous.The bazaars are narrow streets, fre-quently covered by long arched roofs, withlittle dokàns, shops, on each side. In thesemanufacture and trade are carried on. Thestreets are often dirty and may be crowdedwith people, donkeys, horses and evencamels. One wonders how any fine workcan be done in such surroundings. In factsome of the best work is done in more re-tired places.It was cold in Isphahàn when we werethere the latter part of March, colder thanin Teheran. Though we were three degreesfurther south we were 2,000 feet higher.The winter had been the severest knownfor many years. Deep snow had made italmost impossible to bring fuel — charcoaland scrubby wood — in from the country,and there was very great suffering. TheChurch Mission opened soup kitchens andtook other means to relieve the distress ofthe poor. Let no one suppose that Persiau8 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEis hot always and everywhere. We do havevery hot weather, but in a land of high alti-tudes there is also plenty of cold.Just across the Zendah river is the suburbof Julfa. We crossed on a splendid bridge388 yards long, supported by 34 arches, andali of massive brick and stone masonry.Julfa is a settlement of Armenians. Theyhave a number of churches here, includingthe cathedral. We saw, but did not meet,the archbishop, but the priest, Rev. H. S.Vardanian, who spoke English well, re-ceived us courteouslyand gave us some in-teresting information.He said that althoughShah Abbàss theGreat was an ableruler he was despoticand unscrupulous andcruel in his methods.There were manyArmenians in north-western Persia, theirmost prominent city being Julfa. Abbàssmade use of their services in a way that doescredit to them and shows his despotism. Heforcibly removed a large group of them toa new Julfa on the south side of the riverfrom Isphahàn, and forced them to buildthe great bridge which unites the two citiesand which, after more than three centuries,is stili a splendid monument to their engineering ability. Then he refused to letthem use it and segregated them in thenew settlement. The Armenians are notnow under that disability, but the Persiansstili frequently treat them with contempt.They are infidels in the eyes of the Moslems.In ali Persia, we were told, there are from60,000 to 70,000 Armenians at present.We re-entered by the KazvingateThe walls and domed ceiling of the cathedral are completely covered with decora-tion, partly in Persian style, but mostlyconsisting of pictures such as one may see ina Roman Catholic church. They werepainted by artists brought from Italy. Theapostles Thaddeus and Bartholomew aresaid to have carried the gospel to Armenia,and in the fourth century Gregory the II-luminator, who dissented from some of thedecrees of the Nicene council, organized theArmenian, i.e., the Gregorian, church. Inthe little library wesaw several fine oldmanuscripts of theNew Testament andof the entire Bible inArmenian.Isphahàn showswestern influence farless than Teheran.Our friends of theEnglish mission said"Teheran isn't Persia;it is too westernized. If you want to seethe real Persia visit Isphahàn and Shiràzand Kermàn and Yezd, in the southern andcentrai parts of the country." In this theywere quite right.A trip of two days brought us back toTeheran. A long caravan met us near thecity and my camera got one of its best pictures. We re-entered by the Kazvingate,i.e., the one which opens onto the roadleading to Kazvin, nearly 100 miles to thewest.The boys from Stuart Memorial Collegewere stili there and the games were stiligoing on. So we had the advantage of boththe trip and the games which continued forseveral days after our return.(V\ (V) cV\<d> *à <àSecond Midwinter Allumini AssemblySTEVENS HOTEL, CHICAGOWEDNESDAY, MARCH 4, 1931Why Not a Liberal Graduate School?By CZARNA MOECKER, '29GRADUATION from the Univer-• sity of Chicago plunged me im-mediately into the fleld of job-hunting. I felt little regret at parting fromits Gothic halls because I had experiencedthere a sort of tyranny which I was gladto shake off. Four years as an undergradu-ate had been punctuated by periods of sublime communing with "the high spirits ofthe universe," but these periods had beentoo short and too infrequent to constituteany effective Iure for the University. Termpapers, lists of required reading, course se-quences and other regulations designed lessfor the individuai than for the class removedmy education from my own hands and de-posited it in those of necessarily more in-different custodians; the result is not badnor undesirable. A ready-made, fairly wellbalanced insight into the accumulatedknowledgeof the world is not an inconsider-able return for some hundreds of dollarsof tuition and some four years of time.Yet, when one reflects upon the possibili ties for intellectual enjoyment in a largeuniversity the bargain does not appear tobe of the best. The pursuit of private in-terests, created by contact with professorsand participation in courses, must be almosttotally neglected; the pressure of class re-quirements, many of them only mildly in-teresting even to the serious student, fastendown upon him like a thumb screw andleave him ali too little room to squirm aboutbelow. When he desires leisure above alithings, either to read in new fìelds, or tocultivate personal talents, he flnds that oneby one he must discard his plans and bucklehimself closer to his courses.The art of wisely spent leisure is neveracquired because there is no leisure uponwhich to practise; the frail spiri t of self-education, always elusive, ought to be caughtand tamed during college years, but is moreoften permanently frightened away by thetoo austere and rigid allotment of time torequired activity. Although this activityis itself productive of valuable results, yetit does not leave a jot of time in the stu dente hands for his own disposai. He, likeCharles Lamb, cut off from his mooringswith the East India Company, does notknow what to do with himself when heleaves college. The movies, golf, even theMasons, attract him, and he falls victim tothe habit of seeking amusement entirely inothers and in forces outside of himself ratherthan in the further development of suchpowers as are peculiarly his own.Having had no contact with the adminis-trative problems of a modem university, Iam unqualified to judge squarely the meritsof this case of the College vs. the Student;I view the f acts from an angle. But grant-ing that the university is justifled in proceed-ing as it does — and I have no doubt thatit can justify itself — there is a further at-tack to be made. But to give weight tothis criticism, I must return for a momentto my job-hunting experiences.I was to be a teacher of English, French,and music. With some honorary affiliations,I believed my plight a not very unfortunateone. Yet after some months of personalapplication to school superintendents Ifound myself, on the ève of Labor Day (thesacrincial hour of young America!) as in-nocent of occupation as Adam before thefall, though with none of his serenity ofmind. If one had no experience to offer,one would have to be content to spend theyear in a small town where teachers arenot public servants, but public slaves;where every act is dictated by and com-mented upon by authority-loving, eagle-eyedcitizens; where the long-nosed old maidenwho revels in Sunday School classes anddespises ali young men is the ideal in femaleinstruction. A Master's degree would,however, serve quite well in lieu of suchexperience. I don't know which wasfarther from my reach — experience or degree! At any rate, rather than to retreatinto the country, (my education being stiliin its embryonic stage and longing for booksand leisure) I returned to the University.Perhaps graduate courses would give me theopportunity I had always looked for in119120 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEundergraduate days; perhaps I should beable to continue my undergraduate inter-ests, but in a more mature and self-reliantfashion.I soon felt myself torn between two con-flicting powers : the French department andthe English department. Although I in-tended to teach both subjects and had pre-pared myself quite fully to do so, I nowdiscovered that I could not have two mis-tresses and would have to choose my truemate. Bitter longings for the joys of theold polygamous state had no effect on thestrict consciences of my advisors, and chooseI must. I meekly bid good-bye to my oldfriend, the English department, and em-braced the French.Three months later I departed with alihaste from its doors, having conceived inthe mean time a most violent dislike of thelanguage and the entire French nation. Thenarrowing down of interests of which Ihad complained in undergraduate days ap-peared in retrospect the most comprehensiveand varied course of study; where beforemy out-look had been like a broad-axe, itnow became like the point of a needle,struck deeply into the literature of the six-teenth century! The nineteenth centurytook on an air of skittish and giggling mod-ernity when viewed from the remoteness ofthe renaissance, where I seemed to have be-come permanently lodged. Let me hasten tosay that I find no fault with such intensivestudy of the early periods in literary his-tory; the fault lies in the facility with whichthe unwary stroller falls into the pit.Leisure and plurality of interest seemingto be anathema to the French department,I returned to the English, very penitent butvery joyful. Although English literatureaffords plenty of rich food for the mostintellectual of minds, I was graduallyforced to admit that I again felt secret andimmoral longings in the direction of theFrench department. But having alreadyconsumed two quarters in the pursuit of adegree and being but little closer to thegoal than when I started, I must determineat last to cast out ali wanton desires and"buckle down" closer to my courses, as Idid in those happier undergraduate days when I was stili accredited with somethingmore than a one-track mind.The graduate school, then, offers stililess to the seeker of a broadened life thanthe much maligned undergraduate institu-tion. Universities, even those which pridethemselves upon their liberalism, think ofthe graduate school only as a training schoolfor technicians. There can be no morelaudable function for a graduate schoolthan the production of experts in any field.The graduate schools of medicine are thesinews of a great profession which wouldforfeit its right to existence but for theseschools. The graduate schools of Englishlikewise serve an excellent purpose, if thefuller enjoyment of ever increasing bodiesof great literature is considered a legitimateend. The graduate schools of the lan-guages, if they succeed in building upwarmer sympathy for powerful foreign na-tions, well deserve their important position.The evil of the graduate school is a solitaryone, as examined for my present purpose:it has no place for the intelligent, serious,intellectual student who wishes to takea higher degree in order to enlarge the scopeof his vision of life. It, by definition andtradition, demands that he limit his studyto research in a diminutive portion of thisvast subject. I do not know whether theschool superintendent who requires a Master's degree prefers a teacher highly trainedin the methods of research. More beneficiaito high-school pupils is one with a finelyrounded training, comprising knowledge ofthe literature of other nations as well as ofthat of England, and of other phases oflearning beside that of literature.The graduate school tends to producescholars and pedants, who, I repeat, servea valuable purpose, but who are somethingexceedingly different from the product of afour year undergraduate course. My experience, I am sure, is typical of many othersand derives what importance it has from thisfact. Undergraduate administration offersa program of the liberal arts. The student who is graduated in June is the fruitof such an environment. If he enters thegraduate school in Jury he must first revolu-tionize his standard of values and agreeWHY NOT A LIBERAL GRADUATE SCHOOL?to bury himself literally under a heap ofancient books. He must part with thatcharming, alluring creature, life, and lavishali his care on a lean, staid matron, his"field."Now, I would by no means abolish theMaster's degree in any department. Iwould rather add a degree, to be conferredon the completion of a specified number ofmajors in a general field, This would invite the student to continue his studies inscience, languages, and philosophy andwould offer him a suitable and reasonablerecompense for his efforts and expense. Thewording of his degree would indicate thepeculiar nature of his graduate work andwould distinguish him from his more tech-nically trained brother. The title, Masterof General Arts, or a similar appellation,might be applied to him for this purpose.Some years after quitting academiccenters, the alumnus suddenly realizes thathis education no longer stands "tip-toe ona little hill," fanned by the breath of everynew discovery and theory; it is instead old,decrepit, and lumpish, and dreadfully givento fits of sleepiness. A year on the campus,he is positive, will rejuvenate it and restoreit to credit with the world. Or perhapsin college he never had the leisure to followhis own inclinations in reading and hasfound the distractions of life even less con-ducive to self-development. Or perhaps, heis a teacher, able to leave the profession fora year and return to the university for anew draught of the spirit which a dozenyears of teaching have drained from him.No one of these is necessarily desirous ofpinning himself down to a single field, andpossibly none of them is even willing atheart to do so. He learns that he musteither become a specialist in one department,or take a year's work without the regularand reasonable compensation of a degreefor his pains.He sees people scurrying ali about himwith thesis notes and anxious faces; unlesshe too joins them and adds his dissertationto the long rows of volumes already lyingdusty upon the shelves, he knows his year'slabours will yield him nothing with whichto attract the wary, roving, glistening eye of a school superintendent. Could he dividehis attention between two departments hewould not feel his plans so completelythwarted, but whatever his motives in com-ing, he must conform to the rules ir hewishes to stay. He becomes a typical "graduate student" and sighs for the day whenhis means will permit him to buy a yearof perfect "idleness" at a university, a yearwhose efforts will not have to earn a degreeto justify themselves. The creation of adegree in general arts would establish aninstitution not out of harmony with modemeducational tendencies. The invitationissued by the junior college to high-schoolpupils would be paralleled by this continua-tion of university work for universitygraduates.The objection will immediately be madethat my pian aims at the very raison d'etreof the Master's degree, that it seeks to takethe teeth out of its bite. It is in reality farless offensive and revolutionary than that.It is intended only to suggest the need fora new degree, quite separate and differen-tiated from the traditional Master's degree,to be conferred as a reward for graduatework done in various fields; a degree notto be mistaken for the specialized Master's,but to represent simply, fìve years of work,the fifth being of a more serious character,though stili liberal and in the essentiallycultural spirit of the first four.I have nothing but my own reaction tograduate life and the testimony of my ac-quaintances to recommend the pian to me,and I submit it to university faculties forconsideration on these grounds. The forceswhich have made a college career today ascommonplace as the high-school career ofthree decades ago are not yet quiescent.They are turning upon the Master's degreethe democratic scrutiny of the masses, a lightnever yet trained upon it in its long exist-ence. The conduct of the first year ofgraduate study is receiving the same irrev-erent criticisms which were directedagainst the undergraduate college itselfthirty years since, when that institution wasfirst coming into the possession of the common man.Parallel with this tendency of the com-122 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEmon man to invade the quiet precincts ofscholarship is that of high-school superin-tendents to prefer teachers with higherdegrees. There appears to be a generalpushing-up of educational standards and apopularization of post-graduate education;because of these two impulses, more andmore people of normally wide interest andintellect are being drawn into the graduateschool, and as the numbers of these swell,the graduate activities must begin to con-form to their tastes. Although the speciali- zation of knowledge is a characteristic fea-ture of the modem age and has its strongholdin the graduate school, it is impossible toignore a movement exactly antithetical to it:the popularization of knowledge. Like themany conflicting and irreconciliable strainsof Romanticism, these two educational pro-clivities, however divergent, easily exist sideby side, and I believe may do so within thegraduate school itself, if that body will concede ever so little in favor of the new-The Settlement Program DuringUnemploymentBy Mollie Ray Carroll, ' 1 1Executive Director University of Chicago SettlementIT IS eight o'clock in the evening andwe have interviewed the last of theline of people waiting for clothing,waiting for legai advice, waiting in thevain hope that we can fìnd them a job andwaiting for relief because they are out ofcoal and food, with credit gone and rentin arrears. Last night it was nine-thirtybefore the distracted and somewhat psy-chopathic father with his four frowsy butintelligent and affection-ate little motherless chil-dren left after asking ouradvice on care of hisbrood.Today the line hasbeen wearing. Each newday brings demands forhelp from neighbors whohave never sought aid before and who hate to askfor charity. John, whogrew up in our clubs andclasses and who is a goodworkman, was here againon his daily visit aftermaking the rounds look-ing for work. Occasion-ally there have been afew days or hours of em-ployment. We have Mollie Ray given him warm clothing from the stockcollected by the Settlement League — gaveit when his nice old Polish mother told usthat he could not get a job when he had onlykhaki pants and a sweater to wear in apply-ing for work and that he could not walk inthe shoes that he had cobbled himself.Here at the Settlement are warmth, friend-liness and appreciation.Tonight it was Joe and his father, astalwart young chauf-feur, laid off because onemilk truck alone i sneeded for delivery serv-ice in this neighborhoodwhere before there werethree. Milk is a luxuryt o the unemployed.Savings were ali gone,but he only asked forshoes for Joe whose re-spectable uppers barelyheld together shreds ofsoles.They come to us asfriends because their chil-dren are in our clubs andclasses or their neighborshave told them we wouldhelp. They ask us forCarroll clothing and the turn-THE SETTLEMENT PROGRAM DURING UNEMPLOYMENT 123over in our stock room is high, thanks tothe generosity of University friends andto hard work. Residents, volunteers andyoung people like John and Mary, whosedollar a morning earned in sorting shoesand handling clothes helps to buy food, givehard physical labor to the task.Unemployment is straining every resourceof the house. Here there is light andwarmth. The children would stay fromthe end of the school day until bed timeif we had room for them. They need usmore than in normal times, too. Thoseof working age need wholesome recreationto prevent the disorganization of idleness.The younger ones want to escape from thedrabness of homes where gas and electricityare turned off, fuel is sparingly used, foodis scarce and discouragement is rife. Manyof the thousand boys and girls who cometo the house once or several times weeklywould register for cooking if equipment,teachers and materials permitted. The classmembers eat the hot dish of food whichthey prepare. A boys' candy class has alarge enrolment.Tonight the house is full to capacity.Every available space is taken. There istap-dancing in the kindergarten room. Adramatics club of young men and womenis meeting in the dining room. The gym-nasium and club and class rooms are ali in use. Basement space has been convertedinto meeting rooms and yet the clubs have torun on schedule time to make room forthe next comers. We should like to havethem "stick around" as they want to do, butthe collapse of the boys' gymnasium hascramped our quarters. Four hundred andfìfty girls share their cherished gymnasiumwith rive hundred and seventy boys. Oneboys' class begins at ten P.M., and some ofits members come at seven, to play gamesand wait their turn on the floor. For thegirls at night we have no game room ; sothey clamor for more classes, to be at thehouse night after night. Tonight even theone small sitting room set aside for residentsis requisitioned for the senior girls' council.There is much discussion these days ofelimination of "overhead" in relieving thepresent distress which is assuming the pro-portions of a disaster. Everyone wantstheir aid to go direct to financial or materialrelief of families. We want the maximumof material assistance to go to families, too.However, it takes staff and equipment togive out aid, unless we wish utterly to dis-regard the merits and needs of each case andgive relief to necessitous and fake alikeand to ali regardless of the demands of theirspecial case. Relief is not a patent medicine to be dosed out indiscriminately like aspring tonic.124 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEOr take the matter of giving out clothing.The rumble seat of my Ford has broughtover many a bundle, even including a mostwelcome baby carriage. But so much timeis consumed, even though teaching at theUniversity and living at the Settlement in-volve daily commuting, that an understand-ing group in the Settlement Aid Committeeis bringing over the clothing. Time andgasoline, however, are no less essential intrue calculation of overhead because they aremet by volunteers. Because given by theUniversity group the clothing is usuallycarefully sorted, the shoes paired. Evenso the bundles mustbe unwrapped and theclothes put in thestock room. To fitshoes, underwear andsuits or dresses aliday long is as tiringas Christmas week ina department store.Move overhead isrequired in wise grantof money for food and fuel.aid is so heavy that unbalanced distributionof funds which are put at our disposaispells tragic inadequacy for some. Money,too, is not their only need. Sickness fol-lows privation and we must put our families in touch with the proper medicaiagencies. Friction arises in families whosee their savings melt away. Joe mustretain the pride he felt when his fatherdrove the seven-ton truck. Joe's mothermust be kept from nagging and accusingher husband of laziness. Above ali, ifthere is employment to be had, we mustfind it.The situation would be impossible, withinsufficient staff and residents overworkingand with the never-ending line of people,The gymnasium collapsedDemand for were it not for the backing of the University. Members of the Settlement Boardgive generously of time taken from theirprofessional duties. The Settlement Leagueis understanding and responsive. The University Choir and the employees of the University Press are helping generously.Students who conduct clubs and classescome regularly not from a sense of duty butfor interest and pride in their groups. Thenew student drive for Settlement member-ship is emphasizing the mutuai benefit ofstudent participation to them and to theSettlement. The student leaders haverightly and wiselyplaced financial sup-port a s secondaryeven at a time whenthe general economiedepresssion makes theexecutive worry overthe pay-roll and thetreasurer shake hishead.Some people havethought that the Settlement movement hadmade its contribution and had no such promise of the future as its performance in thepast. One needs only to live here, however,to realize that the demands upon the Settlement are limited only by its own equipmentand personnel. Many of the organizationswhich it has created or fostered have becomegreat independent agencies. However it hasever new functions to perform and newservices to create because, as a part of a dis-triot, it is uniquely conscious of neighbor-hood problems. Not only for our part of thecity but for the University is the contactimportant. First hand knowledge gainedfrom sharing the problems of our neighborshould add new vitality to the expandingfield of the social sciences.Sojourn on a SummitBy Henry Justin Smith, '98XIXWHEN he was borne away again,back to the valley, there were fewwho suspected that the Presidentnever would return to the Summit.Work went on. Looking down into thequadrangle, one saw the same files andswarms, an undiminished eagerness andpurpose, within the buildings, no less ororderly effort, of cairn direction. In theproper places, bulletins, noncommittal, gave"news" of the President. Something hadbeen done to him. "Condition unchanged."He became vague. He noTonger repre-sented government . . . The academicrepublic had its being without him.A few people kept posted, this way andthat, about the gradually darkening pros-pect. Doctors told them things. Theytook home with them at night pictureswhich made them sit, idly, before unopenedbooks, wondering. These flights of theimagination showed them the Presidentprostrate, the erect and gallant figure im-prisoned in a bed, the man of commandmade helpless. They tried not to thinkabout his suffering . . . If the like carneto them, could they be as brave? . . . Itwas told that during a paroxysm, a phy-sician bent over and whispered: "You musttry and help us, Mr. President"; and thelivid lips replied, "I will."The worst was: He struggled alone inthe darkness. There were faces that hesaw, through the mist of palliatives, butthey were no longer related to this sort oflife to which he was clinging. As for thegreat enterprise which he had dominated afew days ago, as for the admiring fellowshipand the stimulating occasions for saying"yes" or "no," they were only memories,like the clouds above the towers, like thetrembling leaves of the groves. This taskof staying alive was not lightened by thehelp of administrative boards, advisers, or even casual friends. It fell upon the un-aided and waning vigor of an old man."His age . . . " Well, others had thoughtabout that more than he had. No usethinking about it. He had subjected hisworn arteries and nerves to tests which theymight not have borne, even this far, exceptfor his tremendous preoccupation ; he hadtraveled hard, and worked over-late, andmade speeches when he was too tired. Alongwith his mental adventures he dragged hisbodily functions, even when they were un-willing, and they seemed to be his servants.But now, in devilish conspiracy, they wereali revolting at once, and he was driveninto a dark corner, taking blow afterblow.They were after them there, behind thehospital door. You might try to see him,but you could not. Attendants, steppingsilently in a long corridor, were there to sayno. There was a locked door, and behindthat another locked door, and stili beyond,he lay.The young chief of the board of trusteeswas to be seen in that corridor, pacingslowly up and down, or looking out of awindow over the bleak environment of thehospital. He scarcely left his post, day ornight.The monotonous bulletins went out:"Condition as good as can be expected."2.Two junior professors were crossing thequadrangle. They had portfolios full ofwisdom to be dispensed at their morninglectures. They compared notes on "proj-ects" they had begun. Without conscious-ness of it, their young nostrils absorbed thefragrances of the campus, and they caughtglimpses of white masses of clouds, travers-ing blue seas beyond the peaks of theSummit. Against the sky, too, floated125126 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEat the top of its pole, the American flag.The quadrangle was full of murmuringsounds and it had sharper notes, almostlike the cries of Down There. Amongthe stones of the new building, menclambered about, and a machine chuggedand chugged.Said one young professor: "If I can justSOME reports have been presented thisfall to the Board of Social Service andReligion, which will be of interest to alithose, both inside and outside the University, who are asking just what hashappened at the University Chapel sinceits dedication two years ago. The curiositythat brought such crowds during the firstmonths of its history has now largely spentitself, though scores of visitors stili enter itsdoors every day. The Chapel is now find-ing its permanent place as part of the goinglife of the University and as a conspicuouslink between the University and the city.Sunday morning congregations during theAutumn Quarter have numbered over 1,000on eight out of ten Sundays, with a highpoint of 1250 and a low of 640, and anaverage for the ten Sundays of 1043. Care-ful count of actual attendance is made andkept at every service. The choir and usherstogether enlist nearly 100 students everySunday in the conduct of the services. Itis, of course, impossible to teli just who inthe congregation are members of the University and who are not; but the estimateof the ushers and of other regular attendante in a position to note its make-up,has been that the attendance of students onSunday mornings has slowly but steadilyincreased since the opening of the newChapel ; that it is certainly very much largerthan in the old days at Mandel Hall; andthat frequently this fall it has constitutedperhaps half the entire attendance. It seemsreasonably certain that in any case half thecongregation, whether or not actual studentsin the University, are of student age and get that grant from the Foundation,FU "The other suddenly stopped dead."Look," he exclaimed, "the flag!"It had ceased to flutter. It was slidingdown its cord.In a few seconds it had reached half-mast, and rested there.type. It is a congregation in which youthpredominatesiThe attendance this fall at the MusicalVespers at 4:30 P. M. on Sundays hasvaried from 1025 to 296, with an averageof 495. The Hampton Singers and thecelebration of Reformation Sunday by theEvangelical Churches of Chicago and vicin-ity, have attracted the largest audiences. Atthe half-hour of organ music at 5 P. M.each week-day except Saturday, the numberpresent has run from 164 to 26.Through ali the heat of last summer,the smallest Sunday morning congregationwas 758, and on Convocation Sunday itrose to 1578. The attendance at theWednesday Vespers and the Friday noonassemblies last summer ran regularly intothe hundreds, and almost as many werefrequently present for the organ half-hour.A total of from 2500 to 3000 people everyweek were present at these regular services— exclusive of individuai visitors betweenservices — and probably 75% of these weremembers of the University. The alumnishould bear in mind that attendance at aliChapel exercises is now voluntary, sincecompulsory week-day chapel was given upseveral years ago.During the first twenty-five months ofthe Chapel's history, the offerings haveamounted tó the impressive total of$25,078.19, and are now averaging steadilyabout $1,000.00 per month. Of this total,$15,494.56, about 62%, has been devotedto the support of the University Settlement;$6,950.22, about 28%, to social servicework at the University Clinics; andWhat is Happening at the ChapelBy Charles W. GilkeyTHE PROFESSOR AT THE BREAKFAST TABLE 127$2,157-73, about 8%, to emergency needs,most of them within the University community itself. This last item has made pos-sible assistance to students in various kindsof sudden crises, some of the most urgentsort, for which formerly no resources wereavailable. A special offering toward theFaculty Fund for the relief of distresscaused by unemployment, received as a partof the Christmas Mystery Play on theevening of December 21, amounted to$341.65.An amplifier so arrangéd as to improvethe acoustics at the rear of the nave withoutaffecting those further front, is now in useSunday mornings in connection with theregular radio broadcasting of the serviceover WMAQ. A carved oak table, whichhas been over a year in the making, hasjust been place d at the head of the chancel,and adds to its beauty.At its last meeting, the Board voted toinvite as Sunday morning speakers at theChapel during 1931-32, in addition to thevisiting ministers of religion, who will continue to do most of the speaking, someleading university presidents, some menprominent in public and civic life, and somewell-known philosophic thinkers, to presenttheir own views on the ethical and spiritualaspects of life. In line with this inclusivepolicy, Norman Thomas is to speak in theChapel on May 17 next. Invitations forA PART of the University's time overthe Daily News radio station WMAQis being put to a new use. Early in Januarythe University of Chicago Press went onthe air with a feature, The Professor at theBreakfast Table. This is an entirely newtype of program in pian and execution, andin every sense a modernization of its dis-tinguished prototype.The material is, of course, taken fromthe books and journals which the Presspublishes, but it is presented in a uniqueand dramatic way by means of a dialogue next year have already been sent to Presidents Lowell of Harvard, Angeli of Yale,Farrand of Cornell, and Hopkins of Dart-mouth; to Professors John Dewey ofColumbia, W. E. Hocking of Harvard,and H. A. Overstreet of the College of theCity of New York; and to Mr. RaymondB. Fosdick of New York City.The University Preachers for the WinterQuarter are as follows:January 1 1 — Dean Gilkey.January 18 — The Rev. Robert RussellWicks, D.D., Dean of the UniversityChapel, Princeton University.January 25 — The Rev. Reinhold Nie-buhr, Associate Professor of Social Ethicsand Philosophy of Religion, Union Theo-logical Seminary.February 1 — The Rev. Reinhold Nie-buhr.February 8— The Rev. Miles H. Krum-bine, D.D., Plymouth Church, ShakerHeights, Cleveland, Ohio.February 15 — Dean Gilkey.February 22 — The Rev. Bernard I. Bell,D.D., S.T.D., Warden of Saint Stephen'sCollege, Columbia University.March 1— Dr. Bell.March 8— The Rev. Clarence A. Bar-hour, D.D., President, Brown University.March 15 — The Rev. Albert EustaceHaydon, Ph.D., Professor of ComparativeReligion, The University of Chicago.between the Professor and his Wife whichtakes place at the breakfast table.As we go to press it is planned that thePress will be on the air Mondays andFridays at 8:35. This promises to be abroadcast of exceptional interest to alumni.It will bring them news of Press authorsamong the faculty and will inform them ofsome of the interesting reports of researchwhich they might otherwise miss. It maywell become a regular accompaniment to thebreakfast tables of ali alumni within theradius of WMAQ.r» rs\ ri)<à <à *àThe Professor at the Breakfast Table128 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEAlumni Offer a CourseDURING the current quarter thereis being offered to the undergrad-uates a series of talks on business vo-cations by a group of alumni. The entireproject is an outgrowth of the efforts of on Business Vocationsa committee appointed by the Alumni CounciI to work with the Board of VocationalGuidance and Placement of the faculty, toassist in disseminating vocational informa-tion among the undergraduates.:<&|tfgfite a^Kw^^H RisiGeorge R. Schaeffer, '06Retail Merchandising, January 21 Albert W. Sherer, '06Advertising, January 28m %¦iBenjamin F. Bills, '12, J.D. '15Real Estate, February 4 Ernest E. Quantrell, '05Investment Banking, February ilALUMNI OFFER A COURSE ON BUSINESS VOCATIONS 129CounciI Committee Sponsors AddressesThe alumni committee on vocationalguidance consists of Mr. B. M. Pettit,Chairman, Mr. John F. Hagey, Mr. JohnA. Logan, Mrs. M. H. McDaniel, Mr.Howell W. Murray, Miss Helen Norris, Mr. Milton E. Robinson, Jr., Mr. GeorgeR. Schaeffer, and Mr. Renslow P. Sherer.This program is another evidence of theinterest and ability of the alumni to servetheir Alma Mater in practical fashion.;Vk :'W^vLawrence H. Whiting, '13Commercial Banking, February 18 Herbert P. Zimmermann, '01Printing, February 25p p;Bertholf M. Pettit, '06 Merrill C. Meigs, '08Building, March 4 Aviation, March 11BOOKa-/jNat Peffer Writes Another BookChi n,The Collapse of a Civilization by Nathaniel Peffer,John Day Company, New York, $3. SO.anatomy for Century Magazine. His ideason world politics were further developedin Asia, The New Re public, The Nation,Forum, and Harpers; and in lectures at theNew School of Social Research, Columbia,and for the Foreign Policy Association.Provocative? Yes, Nat al-IAM asked to review " China: TheCollapse of a Civilization" by Nathaniel Peffer, 'n, on the theory, Isuppose, that being such an old friend, Iam his most severe critic. Well, I livedwith Nat for many years and under a varietyof circumstances — on theI5th floor of the TowerBuilding, Michigan Boulevard; in Shanghai; amongthe craigs of Tai-shan, half-way u p the pilgrimagewhere each year the devoutclimb the 6600 stone stepsto honor Confucius; inKorea for the 19 19 revoltagainst the Japanese govern-ment; in a hutung of Pe-king (most glamorous cityof the world) ; and westarved side by side in aGreenwich Village hutungfor a year or so too — yes, Iought to have the inside onPeffer!.... But TU resist thetemptation and confine myself to a few less interestingf acts. After graduationfrom the Daily MaroonNat became one of Chi-cago's best reporters — at any rate, mostversatile, holding down in turn almost everydesk in town, including that of Women'sEditor of the Post; then there was Honolulu ; China ; New York, with a few breaksinto the magazines; then China again.From that time — 19 16 — China has been hisfield.That and Imperialism. In 1921 Natbegan contemplating the clash of civiliza-tions in various portions of the world'sNATHANIEL PEFFER ways was provocative. Re-member that Maroon articlein 19 io on Professionalism inCollege Athletics ? Therebyhearing the recent discussioneby 20 years. (No, that wasnot the reason he was tempora-rily suspended from our AlmaMater — that was another mat-ter.) And in Shanghai as act-ing editor of the China Presshis editorials gave many amember of the Shanghai Clubindigestion at tiffin.His 1927 book, "The WhiteMan's Dilemma," was said byJ. A. Hobson to be the bestbook written on the subject ofImperialism. It forms.aproper background for thisyear's "Collapse of a Civilization." Nat could stay awayfrom China only till 1927when he set out again with thedefinite studypresentin mind, on a researchfellowship granted bythe John SimonGuggenheim MemorialFoundation, to spendtwo years assemblinghis material.In 1929 I was toldby Dick Myers in Paristhat the European press C^M1130BOOKS 131was carrying a storythat Nat had beenkilled by bandits on theYangtze River. (ButI didn't believe thatChinese bandits could be that efficient yet,and never credited the story.) It seemsthere was a Yangtze affair, ali right, butNat was merely almost killed and got offwith the loss of ali his possessions, includ-ing shirt.The incident does not appear to haveaffected his sympathy for The East.This book is an analysis of what happenswhen one civilization is struck by anotherof greater dynamic force and vitality, asChina has been struck by the force of Western civilization, of Western military power,economie penetration, industrialism andideas. By applying the historical methodto the analysis of the present situation, itseeks to show that what is conventionallycalled chaos is only the working out of anirresistible logie of history, that this chaosis the inevitable result of what has been.For almost a hundred years there has beena persistent sapping at the foundations ofChinese society; the structure has now col-lapsed. The civil wars, revolutions, or-ganized banditry and so-called Communistoutrages are but surface mani-festations and, historically speak-ing, unimportant. For thatreason to dwell monotonously onthe unfortunate aspeets of eventsis meaningless, and to berateChina for them as we habituallydo is stupid ; to adjure it solemnlyto "set its house in order," as ifthat could be accomplished byvolition, is futile. One social system has gone — òne principle oforder, one body of sanctions; no ag*^ other has succeeded itequally valid, equallybinding. In otherwords, there is noChina now. TheChina that was, has passed ; the China thatwill be, cannot even be conjectured. In themeantime, there is flux.Peffer traces the process of disintegrationthrough the last century to its climax in thelast few years, with the nationalist revolution and the sweeping away of the vestigesof the old order. He gives a picture of con-temporary China, formless and seething, anation now deliberately severing its bondswith its past — a past that represents theoldest continuous civilization surviving intoour own times — and groping for a new path.Can China survive at ali? If so, as what?If at ali, it will be as an industrializedsociety, with ali the concomitants of industrialism. Can it? Can a race have a re-birth? Can it tear itself up by the roots,roots gnarled deep in the soil for 3,000 years,and then flourish and bear fruit again?Will China be another Arabia, survivingas so many individuai of Chinese physicalcharacteristics but dead in spirit and a preyto conquest? Will it lose its identity en-tirely and become an industrialized, Occi-dentalized nation, Western in aliexcept the West's fresh vigor?Or, will it take mechanizationand, with its old creative force,make of it and itself somethingdistinctive, as distinctive as thecivilization which once made itgreat? These are questions Peffer poses in his book. By the an-swer, whether given in 50 or 100years, he says, the future of theworld will be moulded.Cyrus LeRoy Baldridge, 'iiAre Politicians Unconscious?Psychopathology and Politics, by Harold D. Lasswell, '22, Ph.D. '26.University of Chicago Press, $3.00.SOME years ago in my New Aspeets science and the new disciplines of psychol-of Politics I expressed the hope that ogy, psychiatry, psychoanalysis and physicalsome adventu.rous student would un- constitutionalism, in the hope of illuminat-dertake to bridge the gap between politicai ing the study of the politicai process. Mr.132 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINELasswell's study of Psychopathology andPolitics is an exploration in the fascinatingborder land between psychoanalysis and politics.Mr. Lasswell's equipment for this typeof inquiry is unusual. A student of politics for many years, he proved his abilityin this field in his Technique of War TimePropaganda. Later in working with me onour series on "Civil Training," he becameinterested in the differences between typesof politicai personalities. What makes oneman a patriot or a martyr, and another aslacker or a traitor? How much of thisis determined by formai education or socialexperience ? What could be determined bythe psychiatric approach to the understand-ing of the human physico-mental constitu-tion?With this in mind Mr. Lasswell went forsix months to study with Dr. Elton Mayoat Harvard, an acknowìedged authority inthe field that lies along the edges of medicine, psychology and psychiatry. LaterMr. Lasswell was awarded a Fellowshipby the Social Science Research CounciI ofthe United States for the purpose of study-ing for one year the psychiatric approachto the study of politics. The Fellowship wasemployed by Mr. Lasswell in Vienna andBerlin where he worked with some of thebest known psychiatrists and psychoanalysts.During the last year he has been occupiedwith the new laboratory in the Social ScienceBuilding and the organization for the studyof personality problems from the combinedmedicai, psychological, psychiatric and socialscience points of view. Out of this experience comes Psychopathology and Politics.Mr. Lasswell's study involves a pointof view, a method, a study of certain cases,and the development of certain conclusions.His point of view is stated (p. 37) "Themind is a fit instrument of reality testingwhen both blades are sharpened — those oflogie and free fantasy. Until this funda-mental proposition is adequately compre-hended, the professional training of ourjudges, our administrators and theorists willcontinue to furnish discipline in self-decep-tion rather than self-analysis."The defeets of the logicai, the impor- tance of the illogical, the irrational and theirrelevant in human affairs, and especiallypoliticai behavior, are fundamental in Lass-welFs politicai science. The developmentof the pathological approach is traced his-torically, different politicai types are discusseci, and the chief forms of their classi-fication. Then the writer attacks a seriesof specific psychopathological cases whichhe has either handled immediately himselfor of which he has been able to obtainintimate and reliable knowledge. It isunder this head that he considers agitators,administrators and politicai convictions withreference to their psychoanalytical implica-tions.From this point he goes on to a discussionof the politics of prevention. "The achieve-ment of the ideal of preventive politics,"says Lasswell, "depends less upon changes insocial organization than upon improving themethods and the education of social administrators and social scientists." (p. 203).It will be intimately allied in the futurewith general medicine, psychopathology,physiological psychology and related dis-ciplines, and its practitioners will graduallywin their way among puzzled people whofeel their responsibilities and respect objec-tive findings.One may ask, how valid is this new pointof view, this particular methodology ? Howpertinent are these specific cases and howsignificant are the findings and conclusions?The essence of the new point of view whichis the consideration of what may be calledthe irrational factors in politicai behavioris of very great value, especially in contrastto the more orthodox theory that men arealways creatures of reason in affairs politicai. Without accepting ali the implica-tions of the psychoanalytical method, itcannot be disputed that the work of thisschool has been enormously stimulating tothought, and the application of the sameor like methods to politics is full of inter-esting possibilities. The specific cases aretoo few in number to be presented or con-sidered as convincing. The significance orinterpretation of some of them may be con-tested, but the cumulative value of such aseries of particular instances would undoubt-IN MY OPINION 133edly be of very great use to the students ofpoliticai personality. And finally, Mr.Lasswell does not regard his material asa body of conclusions, but rather as sug-gestions, hypotheses to be further tested,insights and flashes which it is hoped may,with further experiment and reflection,prove to be of high importance for the un-derstanding of the puzzling process of politics. He must be judged by his directionrather than his distance.Those who are well satisfied with current methods of politicai inquiry should avoidthis book, as it will give them nothing butdiscomfort. Indeed, its unconventionalityand frankness may even shock their unpro-tected sensibilities. But those who aredisposed to pioneering in politics will findin it much that is stimulating, challenging,suggestive — an engaging attempt both tofind new material and also reach a new syn-thesis of scattered politicai data.Charles E. Merriam«m mv opinionBy Fred B. Millett,Assistant Professor of EnglishIAM convinced that the academicallyminded overestimate the influence ofbooks. That they should do so is, indeed,almost inevitable, since they live, move, andhave their being by means of books. Theyturn to them for facts, ideas, and opinions;they write them, and look forward yearn-ingly to royalties from them. By one oranother device they entice students to readthem; at the eleventh hour, they turn tobooks from which to fili an hour with talkthat may pass for a lecture. Is it any wonderthat they should forget R. L. S.'s observa-tion that "books are a mighty bloodlesssubstitute for life" ?But the profound awe with which booksare regarded goes even deeper among theunacademic. Printing is stili so recent anachievement that both those who read andthose who run have hardly recovered fromtheir initial colossal astonishment. Thatman's words, trivial or profound, wont forcenturies to die upon the air, should suddenlytake on solid immortality justifies amaze-ment. It is little wonder that the meanestand most insignificant idea, the cheapestand vulgarest observation attains an inhuman validity on the printed page.And yet, so complex is the experience ofeven the simplest of mortals that it requiresonly a little analysis to discover why goodbooks have had, or why the Good Bookhas had, inconsiderable effeets on human life. The relationship between a readerand a book is not, as the mathematicallyminded might say, a one to one relationship.In the simplest of cases, there are elementsthat complicate the experience. The mostisolated reader is a more or less sensitivetemperament, constantly undergoing a greatvariety of influences, literary and non-literary. Over the child, for example,there is the Constant play of the domesticenvironment, of which parents are not onlystubborn facts but compelling symbols. Before the problem of the influence of books isperfectly understood, our statisticians willhave to determine how many good booksare required to counteract the influence ofone bad parent, and whether the influenceof one bad parent offsets precisely that ofone good parent. And with modem familylife what it is, it will undoubtedly be nec-essary to calculate the influence of onebad parent, divorced, or one good parent,in jail. But probably neither parents whoattempt honestly to develop good read-ing habits in their young nor parents who do not notice whether theirchildren read or not, need worry about theirinfluence. With the young in a state ofactive revolt against the old, any hook, goodor bad, recommended by a parent, is ipsofacto to be avoided and unread.It is a pity, because even bad or illiterateparents are unlikely to be so dangerous134 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEas other influences which the most delicatelyreared child can hardly escape. Even acasual survey of the modem newspaper andmagazine inclines one to marvel that anyyoungsters arrive at a decent and self-respecting and effective maturity. Theincredible cheapness and vulgarity, the sen-sationalism and the indecency of both news-papers and magazines today almost persuadeone that the invention of printing shouldhave been treated as a crime punishable bydeath and the destruction of printing fonts.There is more than one might imagine tobe said for the restriction of reading to theprivileged and the learned.But such a restriction nowadays wouldbe worse than useless, for even those whocannot read, will, as the tabloids and themovies and the wood-cut novels demon-strate, look at pictures. So inescapable aninfluence, indeed, are the movies that forthe semi-educated masses, they have becomeequivalents of the reading of fiction and thecontemplation of the drama. Moreover,the movies are an insidious example of themultitudinous forces that are making, formost people, the reading of books a lostart. Any one can skim a newspaper or amagazine in fifteen minutes or an hour, buta book demands leisure, and where, excepton a long ocean voyage, can uninterruptedleisure be found in the modem world? Themovie and the radio fili the night withsound and f ury ; the automobile lures youngand old to incessant junketing. Is it anywonder that the publishing business is in thedoldrums, and that hopeful young authorshead for Hollywood?In point of fact, my interest in readingis probably an indication of senescence,since it is pretty obvious that the talkies willfor the next generation take the place ofbooks, and perhaps, the theatre and thenewspaper. It is from the movies that ourcurrent adolescents are deriving those con-ceptions of love and passion, of crime andviolence, of manners and fashions, that pre-vious generations secured from books. Andif books of certain periods may well becharged with having falsified life in theirrepresentations of it, how much more grossand crass is the falsification that ninety- nine out of a hundred movies stamp uponthe passive mind of the worshippers in thecathedrals of Balaban and Katz?But in the last analysis, the influence ofbooks, as of the movies, depends upon thetemperament of the consumer. The humanrace is obviously divided into reading andnon-reading temperaments. In my bookishyouth, I was wont to regard the non-readingtype as the most obvious instance availableof predestined damnation. Now I am be-ginning to wonder if it is not perhaps moreadmirable and more healthy than the Constant reader. For the Constant reader mayafter ali be a lady of Shallott fearfullywatching life pass in the mirror of art. Butif reading is a vice, there are readers whoapparently escape the moral law. The majority of readers, in and out of colleges,seem to shed the influence of books as turnipsshed rain. The safely stupid reader (andhe is always with us) may be counted onto elude the dangers of literature as he mi-raculously keeps from falling under trainsand motor-trucks. For the neurotic reader,can one do more than prescribe more andbetter literary neuroses? The reader ofintelligence, one in a thousand, can safelybe left to himself. In the most benightedprovince, on the most deserted island, hecan stay his soul with one good book.And yet the academic temperament willgo on messianically recommending goodbooks to negligent readers. And thoughthere may be very few books to which onecan trace a specific idea or attitude oropinion, nothing has as yet been found thatcan be so steadily counted on to achievecertain effects upon the occasionai intelligence. Books, more than any other humanachievement, are the means to an enlarge-ment of experience through vicarious living,a deepening of an understanding of oneselfand his fellow mortals, a sharpening of thesense of beauty and craftsmanship, and agraduai refìning of taste, perhaps, as Patersaid, through a series of disgusts. Books arethe most beautiful receptacles of those quin-tessential values in character and conduct,in love and nature, which discerning andcreative artists have perceived and repre-sented enduringly.NEWS OF THEQUADRANGLESBy John P. Howe, '27IN ANY smooth-running society, accord-ing to the journalistic canon, namesmake news. At the University ofChicago, where precedent is more apt tobe analyzed than admired, reorganizationcontinues to make the news of the quad-rangles.Without any preliminary fanfare oftrumpets the University Senate and Trus-tees decided in November that the timewas ripe to bring f orth on the academic con-tinent the University's new and long-awaited educational pian, which is dedicatedto the following propositions, among others :That, educationally speaking, ali menare not created identical, and that the University should be so flexible as to adapt itselfto the needs of individuals; that ali students are interested in their own education.That the beginning student should be ex-pected to acquire a respectable minimumof general education, and that the advancedstudent should be enabled to handle intelli-gently and independently the materials ofat least one field of knowledge ; and that inthis process most students are hinderedrather than helped by a system which usestime-requirements, course-credits and grade-points as its chief incentive and its measureof educational accomplishment, and thatgood teaching is a better incentive and general examination a better measure.That from the administrative viewpointoffices intermediary between the Presidentand the various naturai groupings of unitswithin the University should be set up tosimplify the budget-forming work of thePresidente office and to coordinate teachingand research within the naturai groups.That from the research viewpoint newstress should be placed upon fields, ratherthan departments, so that cooperative in-vestigation of general problems might befacilitated. Thus far the reorganization presents asimple f ramework in which ali of these ideasare inherent as potentialities. Supplantingthe junior and senior colleges and the graduate schools of arts, literature and scienceare a College division and four divisionsin arts and sciences, the professional schoolsremaining separate.The public disclosure of what the University expects to accomplish through thesefive divisions was front-page news through-out the country. The University's inten-tion to abandon required class-attendanceand course-examinations as the chief criter-ion of advancement, to substitute compre-hensive examinations for course-credits,and to allow the able student to progressas rapidly as he can, was the most dramaticfeature of the news stories. There followeda flood of comment from editors, educators,and college dailies, some of which was re-produced in the 28-page Christmas issueof the Daily Maroon which was sent to 30,-000 alumni and former students of theUniversity.Reduced to its essentials the comment ranas follows: that it was a good idea, thatsomething should be done, and that it wasfortunate so strong an institution as theUniversity of Chicago was assuming theleadership in the reform of higher education; that some parts of the pian followedEuropean models, and that other parts ofthe pian were being discussed in principleas the logicai next step in education or triedon a smaller scale at other American uni-versities; that the proof of the pian lay inits results, and that other universities wouldwatch the progress of the experiment andwould gladly adopt such features of it aswere successful and applicable to their particular purpose. Ali of which was fairenough. No indication was given of anysatisfaction with things as they now exist,135136 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEor that there will be any eventual nostalgiafor the old order.On the quadrangles at the University thepian is regarded by faculty and studentsalike with cairn confidence, as a naturai, ifbold, development; with an intense curios-ity as to how it will work out; and withgreat willingness to participate in the fabri-cation of details. During the past monththe air has been cleared of many problemswhich seemed perplexing at the time of theannouncement, and several major steps havebeen taken. The December issue of theMagazine attempted to give a comprehen-sive statement of the reorganization. It isassumed — probably without warrant — thatthis month's reader remembers last month'sstatement.The new College of the University willbe the first division to operate fully underthe new scheme. In December the Collegefaculty voted that effective with the enteringclass this autumn — 1931 — credit and timerequirements are abolished as the criterionof intellectual maturity, and that compre-hensive examinations shall be developed toreflect the completion of general educationand qualification for advanced study.Though the College course of study is aimedto cover a period of two years for moststudents (one hesitates to use the expression"average student" under the new pian) thefirst of the comprehensive examinationswhich will mark the attainment of a generaleducation, as defined by the faculty, will begiven at the dose of the spring quarter,1932, and every quarter thereafter.At a general assembly of students President Hutchins explained that ali studentsmatriculated now, or before the autumn of1931, will be permitted to complete theirrequirements for degrees under the old system, with the option of transferring tothe new if they so elect. No changes intuition are contemplated. The student maytake the comprehensive examinations asoften as he chooses, up to the nuisance limit.If it proves necessary, some sort of certificatewill be awarded indicating completion ofthe College work.In the College, Dr. Hutchins pointed out, the student will not be permitted to "wan-der homeless and an orphan." He willbe expected, and will probably want, toattend classes, write papers, take quizzes,and to consult with his advisers and withthe Board of Vocational Guidance. In-structors will be required to report onquarterly progress. But the student willnot be required to do any of these things.He will know rather specifically what willbe expected of him in the general examina-tion, and if he feels that he can better prepare for the examination by going fishingor to Harvard, he may so do. It is expected that athletic eligibility, the award ofhonors and scholarships, transfer credit andthe determination of fitness to meet and passthe general examination will be measuredby the current "stock-taking" devices."The distinction we have introducedinto education is between general educationand special education, rather than betweenundergraduate and graduate work," thePresident pointed out. "No students atthe University of Chicago are poor students. They are either quick or slow, andwe have provided for both types. We haveprovided in the College for general education in ali fields, and in the upper divisionsspecial education in one field. Inasmuch asthere are as many systems as there are individuate, we have made our academic struc-ture as flexible as possible."It is hoped that by the time the enteringclass of 193 1 has reached the upper divisionai level, these divisions will also havesubstituted comprehensive examinations forcourse credits and similarly de-emphasizedweek-to-week requirements. These divisions,the President told the iÓ2nd Convocationon December 23 rd, are now reconsideringtheir courses of study, are f ree to experimentwith it, and this freedom implies that ifthey so decide they may leave things as theyare.One of the first developments after theinitial approvai of the reorganization pianwas the creation of a unique and impor-tant new deanship. The office of Deanof Students and University Examiner, apost co-equal with those of the divisionaiNEWS OF THE QUADRANGLES 137deans, was established and Professor GeorgeAlan Works was appointed to fili it. DeanWorks will have administrative directionof ali phases of the university's relationswith students not already embraced in thework of the five new divisionai deans.Under the new pian comprehensive examinations will play a vastly important role,and it is imperative that these be fair andadequate. Dean Works will head a boardof experts to be appointed later who willhave general direction of the developmentof these. examinations, cooperating with thefaculty. After the examinations are drawnup they will have to be tested. The University Senate is now drawing up a eon-stitution for the examination board.Within the scope of Dean Works' officewill fall admissions, administration of en-trance, educational and vocational guidanceand placement, direction of student residence halls and club houses, direction ofstudent social affairs, student organizationsand publications, the administration of schol-arships and the student advisory service.The University intends to devote moreattention to student life.Where the divisionai organization of theUniversity reduced the number of inde-pendent budgets presented to the Presidente office from thirty-nine to five, thenewest deanship will reduce the extra-curriculum budgets (such as that representedby Ida Noyes hall) from fifteen to one.Stili another reason for the creation ofthe office arose from the need for develop-ing an intelligent and comprehensive program of guidance for students. That, probably, will not take the form of a tutorialsystem as the words are understood at otherAmerican universities. There will be smallgroups in the College for the instructionof those who intend to prepare for advancedstudy in the upper divisions. There willalso be faculty advisers. In the residencehalls there will be resident members of thefaculty at the head of each house, and othermembers of the faculty, reporting to eachhead, will act as advisers. Ali of them willbe under the direction of Dean Works.Dr. Works is an alumnus of the University of Wisconsin, received the doctorate at Harvard in education, and was formerlychairman of the division of education atCornell and later dean of the GraduateLibrary School at the University of Chicago. He was made President of the Connecticut Agricultural College in 1929 andwas recalled to the University of Chicagolast July. He has been working on thesurvey by which the University is analyzingits own functioning.In order to clarify the statement of itsadmission requirements the University hassimplified its rule to read that any studentscholastically in the upper half of his highschool or preparatory school is eligible forentrance. The older statement, put in com-plicated terms, led to considerable misun-derstanding, though its intent was equiva-lent to the new statement."We shall not alter our scholastic stand-ards," President Hutchins said in makingthe announcement. "We shall simply statein plain terms a provision which as pre-viously stated virtualiy required a logarithmtable for its application. As at present, students not in the upper half of their classesmay take our scholastic aptitude test, andif they make a satisfactory grade the University may admit them."It remains to be seen whether or notit will be necessary to maintain the presentlimitation of the freshman class. The figure of 750 was set when the University wasunder a different system and when facilitieswere different."The excellence of the University's freshman class is reflected in the following study,recently published. One hundred andthirty-one colleges gave their freshmanclasses identical aptitude tests in 1929.Gross scores were tabulated for ali, and inthe ranking which followed the Universityof Chicago was fifth, being preceded onlyby Haverford, Dartmouth, Wells andPomona colleges. The average score for34>507 freshmen in the 131 colleges was140.67. The average score for 684 freshmen at Chicago was 184.92.It was announced in December that thefive divisionai deans had been appointed asi38 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEfollows: for the College, Professor C. S.Boucher; for the Biological Sciences, Professor R. E. Scammon; for the PhysicalSciences, Professor H. G. Gale; for theHumanities, Professor G. J. Laing ; and forthe Social Sciences, Vice-President FredericWoodward, temporarily.A permanent appointment as Dean ofSocial Sciences, has now been made, oneof the most important additions to thefaculty in many months. Dr. BeardsleyRumi, director of the Laura Spelman Rocke-feller Foundation, has come to the University as Dean of Social Sciences andProfessor of Education. Dr. Rumi re-ceived his A.B. at Dartmouth in 191 5 andhis Ph.D. at the University of Chicagoin 191 7. His graduate work was doneunder Dr. James R. Angeli, then head ofthe Psychology department. When Dr.Angeli left the University to become headof the Carnegie Corporation Mr. Rumibecame his assistant, and in 1922 was madedirector of the Laura Spelman RockefellerMemorial. He is also a trustee of theSpelman Fund and the Julius RosenwaldFund, in which offices he will continue.wwwAt the December Convocation PresidentHutchins made the following significantstatement: "The graduate faculty of theUniversity has decided that it is appropriateto have plans made for the award of degreesunder its jurisdiction in fields cutting acrossdepartmental and even divisionai lines.This decision may have a great effect on thecourses of study in ali the upper divisions.It involves specific approvai of a pian sub-mitted by the division of Social Sciences forconferring the degrees of Master of Artsand Doctor of Philosophy in InternationalRelations."Under this scheme students desiring ad-vanced work in this field as preparation forresearch, teaching, diplomacy, or foreigntrade, will be able for the first time to availthemselves of ali the opportunities offeredhere for the study of International Relations. The general fields include interna-tional law and organization, internationaleconomie relations, diplomacy and diplo-matic history, the psychology of interna tional relations, politicai geography, andcolonial policy and administration. Theregional fields to be studied are the UnitedStates, Latin America, the British Empire,Europe, the Slavic countries, the Near Eastand the Far East." .Hitherto, he explained, students desiringadvanced study of international relationshave been required to meet ali the scholasticrequirements of one or another of the spe-cialized social science departments, whetherthe demands had a hearing on internationalrelations or not. In the future they willbe privileged to use the resources of a dozendepartments of the University, and will beexamined for advanced degrees in worldaffairs as such.Ground was broken on December 24th, for the new $2,200,000 International Housefor foreign students, which is to rise on thesite of the old Del Prado Hotel . . . Dr.Jamesv Henry Breasted, Director of the University's Orientai Institute, has been namedthe foreign archaeologist of the FrenchAcademy, a very great honor . . . $12,000has been contributed toward unemploymentrelief in Chicago by members of the faculty. . . Professor James H. Tufts was hon-ored at a student banquet before his retire-ment to live in California . . .257academic degrees were awarded at the December Convocation, and honorary LL.D.degrees were awarded to Jane Addams, headof Hull House for forty years, and to Stanley Field, president of the Field Museumfor twenty years . . . One hundred andthirty members of the faculty attendedmeetings of scholarly societies during thequarterly recess, eighty of them going toCleveland, thirty of them going as officersof their societies. . . . The mound at Arma-geddon, Palestine, has been purchased forthe Palestinian government by the OrientaiInstitute so that the Institute may completeits important excavations of the historic bat-tle site. . . . During the academic year 1929-30 members of the University faculty contributed 961 articles in learned journals, pro-ceedings of learned societies, etc; published96 books, wrote 55 chapters in symposia,and reviewed 460 books for publication.By William V. Morgenstern, '20, J.D. '22NOTHING more than a respectableshowing is to be anticipated fromthe Maroon teams in the winterathletic program, although Mr. DanielHoffer may confidently be expected to pickup whatever gymnastic titles are available.The basketball team is an improvement overthat of last year; the track team is some-what weaker, and the fate of the swimmingteam is now being decided in the Registrareoffice.It is not impossible that Nelson Norgrenmay turn out a basketball team that willwin half of its conference games. Thereis considerably more offensive strength inthe squad than last season, somewhat morespeed, and about the same defensive ability.Only two practice games have been playedso far, Chicago defeating Cornell College,39 to 16, and Bradley, 41 to 23. As usuai,the chief question is that of center, whereKeith Parsons, the sophomore who madegood as a football player, is being givenevery opportunity to win a place. Parsonshas developed noticeably in the last month.He handles himself with more ease and con-fidence, but is stili far from conference class.His height makes him valuable under thebasket for follow-up work and defensivelythat height should enable him to pick theball off the board. How well he will doon defense against the clever opposition ofthe Big Ten remains to be seen. Capt.Marshall Fish, who played ali positionslast year, can be used at center if necessary,but playing him there means waiving thejump to ali opponents, a handicap thatChicago can not afford to give. SidneyYates, a good shot from any position, anda marvel under the basket, will be at oneforward. Yates broke a wrist early lastseason and was lost for the conference sched-,ule. Paul Stephenson, about waist high toan ordinary player, is the other forward, a scurrying jackrabbit who is hard to handle.Harry Ashley is a steady floor guard whofits nicely into Norgren's system. Fishwill he at the other guard unless it is necessary to use him at center. He will add tothe scoring power of the team for he isgood for two or three baskets a game. JoeTemple's experience will give him firstchance for Fish's place if the captain movesin at center, but Jim Porter, a sophomore,Bernard Wien, the football end, and Kenneth Fraider, reserve of last year, are otherpossibilities, with Fraider most likely tocome through finally. Marshal Dzuiban-iuk, a sophomore who was one of those "ali-city" stars several seasons back, has beenlooking better each week at forward. IfParsons will not do, Dzuibaniuk's shootingand ball handling may win him a regular'sposition.Sophomores will contribute half of thestrength of the track squad. Of last year'steam, Harold Haydon, hurdler and sprintrace man; Norman Root, a first ratesprinter; Schulz, best of the 440 men, andCharles Weaver, shot putter, have beenlost. Allan East, captain this year, is aplace man in the sprints in a championshipmeet and better than the opposition in mostdual meets. Dale Letts, outdoor 880 cham-pion, ought to be the best middle distanceman in the conference. Roy Black, a prom-ising hurdler who was ineligible last season, is reported now to be in good standing.Alfred Kelly should do the two miles inabout 9 : 43, and Lawrence Brainard, withLetts to pulì him along, should run thehalf in 1 : 59 indoors and the mile in 4: 33.Jack Holt, another miler from the crosscountry squad, is equal to 4:35. TomCowley just about reaches 12 feet in thepole vault indoors, a height good enoughfor dual meet points.The sophomores will provide three sprint-139140 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEers who should develop. These are RobertBibb, Jerome Johntry, and Bob Wallace.Bibb is an ali-round track man, who cando even time in the hundred; about o: 15.8in the high hurdles; 24 feet in the broadjump, and 155 feet in the javelin. Wallaceis better in the 220 than the 100, and sowill not do much indoors. George Cameronwill run the 440 indoors in 0:52 or perhaps better. Don Birney should vault 12feet indoors. Edward Haydon, brother ofHarold, was a better than average highschool hurdler, but he is getting too big forthis event and probably will be most use-ful as a weight man. Walter Herrick, atransfer, can run dose to 4:30 in the mile.Lawrence Offil is a fair hurdler and an 1 1-6vaulter. Allan Rudy, who won one of theStagg interscholastic 880 races, is dubiousscholastically. He can run under twominutes indoors. Maurice Kadin, fourthman on the cross country team, has possi-bilities as a two miler.Two men will make a vast difference tothe swimming team if they compete. Oneis Cornelius Oker, second in the conference40 yard swim two seasons ago, who intendsto return this winter. The other is War-ren Tucker, who was ineligible last year.Tucker is a sensational backstroke man andcan swim the free style events in fast time.Oker also is a pretty fair backstroke swim-mer. These two are good for places inthe championship meet; without them, theChicago team will have only indifferent pos-sibilities even in dual competition. WithOker, Tucker, Donald Moore, and DonaldMacMillan the relay team would be strong.Oker and Tucker also mean a lot to thewater polo team.Graduation has taken Jack Menzies, oneof Coach HofEer's two ali-round gymnas-tic experts of last year, but Everett Olson,who was able to beat Menzies on the flyingrings and push him in other events, is a goodstart toward another conference championship. Hoffer usually has to start withwhatever raw material he can recruit fromgym classes and his record of ten champion-ships in fourteen seasons testifies to hisability to develop winners as well as thechests of his athletes. Director Stagg has scheduled a doublé-header for the opening date of the 1931football season and thereby compieteci hislist of eight games. Cornell College andHillsdale will be the tryout teams on Sep-tember 26.wwwOn recommendation of a faculty committee appointed to investigate the question, the national basketball interscholastictournament, held twelve times since 1917,has been discontinued. In its place therehas been organized a holiday week tournament for teams of the Chicago area. Theannual Stagg track interscholastic will becontinued as usuai, and will be held thisyear on May 29 and 30.The day following the announcement ofthe University's educational reorganizationthe sports editors of the Chicago paperswere simultaneously inspired by the ideathat the new pian would make Chicago anathlete's haven. The elimination of gradesand course credits apparently made it pos-sible for any Ali-America halfback topursue three years of football untroubledby the necessities of ordinary scholasticexistence, and then retire gracefully withoutdelaying for a comprehensive examinationthat would entitle him to a degree. But,as Vice President Frederic Woodwardpointed out to interviewers, the integrityof the University is sufficient guarantee thatali athletes will be properly eligible scholastically. Some system of checking on thescholastic status of athletes, perhaps theperiodic stock-taking examinations whichwill be given ali students, will be used. TheExperimèntal College at the University ofWisconsin provides no examinations fortwo years, and a few of the Wisconsinathletes have been enrolled in the College,no questioni having ever been raised as totheir status. No difficulty with the othermembers of the conference is anticipatedunder the Chicago reorganization.There seems to be no valid reason tobelieve that the reorganization will be det-rimental to athletics ; if anything, it shouldprove a benefit. The new University makesATHLETICS 141no greater demands than formerly. Theaverage student will spend four years get-ting his degree, but he will have a bettereducation than he obtained under the oldmethods. The simplification of the statement on admissions standards, explainedin greater detail in the News of the Quad-rangles section, should be a benefit by re-moving some of the preposterous notionsabout the average necessary for admission.The numerical restriction of 750 on theentering freshman class has been removedfor it seems likely that under the new pianmore students can be admitted withoutsacrifice of the University's standards. Alarger freshman class, which will compensate for an anticipated decline in the num-ber of transfer students, should increasethe number of men available for teams.Transfer students seldom are athletes; ifthey are, they usually have but one year ofcompetition.The excitement recently over the proposaiof President Nicholas Murray Butler ofColumbia University that athletics be en- dowed recalls the fact that President Har-per made a similar suggestion in hisannual report of 1902-04. "The promi-nence of athletics in college life at the present time is a truism," said President Harper.There were other statements that soundfamiliar today: "To the press and to thepublic — in fact, to a much larger degreethan is desirable — a college is known bythe success it meets in these contests. . . .In the relations of athletie managers withathletes in both preparatory schools andcolleges, it is ali too clear that often mo-tives are used which college men cannotcontemplate with easy conscience." President Harper advocated that freshmen bedebarred from intercollegiate competitionand that management of athletics be put intothe hands of the faculties; both reformswere shortly afterward adopted. He thoughtthat endowment of athletics would meanthat the colleges could select the audiencesfor their contests; that ali students wouldbe encouraged to attend, and the "pressurefor larger and larger gate receipts" wouldbe relieved.The Ninth International Baseball SeriesBy Nelson H. Norgren, '14Associate Professor of Physical CultureCONCLUSIONOne day at Takaruzuka I received atelegram from the Waseda basketball coachrequesting a game of basketball. At firstwhen events were not going well with us Ihad declined to set a date for the reason thatI felt disinclined to accept any more respon-sibilities until we had righted our mainproblem. Now that our baseball was goingbetter I agreed to play when we returnedto Tokyo. Waseda had advertised the affairso that there were about 1,500 spectators onhand. Coach Ri furnished us with suits,including shirts with a "C," and ten pairsof the largest basketball shoes to be found inthe city. Even so, three of us had to wearour rubber soled Street shoes. Wasedaplayed an excellent game and we did wellenough to make the contest an interestingexhibition. They were in better condition for basketball than we, but thank heaven!we had the advantage of height. And itproved to be a blessing during the last fiveminutes of the game. The Japan Timessaid, "The members of the University ofChicago baseball team, who returned froma successful tour of the Kansai a few daysago, proved to the satisfaction of a largecrowd that they were even better players inbasketball. In their first appearance of thekind here, they trimmed the strong Wasedateam after an exciting game, 28 to 26,Monday evening, at the Meyi Shrinewrestling ring, where a fine floor has beenput up. . . ."The visitors playing in typical Americanstyle with fine pivoting, brilliant team workand fast passing, gave a very impressiveshowing, especially in the first half when142 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEthey outplayed the locai varsity boys, 17 to11. They showed themselves to be welltrained. Their appearance was a contribu-tion to the game here. . . ."When it is considered that the touristsare not a team of basketball players, butprimarily baseball specialists, their victoryover one of the four strongest basketballteams in Tokyo, even though it was by amargin of two points, means a lot."Five years ago I attempted to give thereaders of the alumni Magazine some ideaof the popularity and development of baseball in Japan. I thought then that they hadreached the peak of interest. On the con-trary, I find that in five years there hadbeen a considerable growth in its popularity,as well as in the degree of proficiency of theteams. The keen rivalry which results indose games among the six teams of theuniversity league has taken the fancy of thefans and their interest is greater in this seriesthan it is in any series with a foreign team.While games with American colleges some-times bring out crowds of about 25,000, thecruciai contests between the Tokyo univer-sities have been known to attract a throng of40 to 50 thousand spectators. In the case ofthe championship series in the fall of 1929,between Waseda and Keio, they had a sell-out for both games, which meant between50 and 60 thousand people at each game.Naturally, such interest is due to the keenrivalry developed through the excellent per-formances of the members of the league.There is no doubt in my mind that only achampionship college team can win morethan half of its games with Meji, Wasedaand Keio, as they areplaying ball today.The day is pastwhen a college teamcan make a cleansweep of the series inTokyo, unless it is ateam of extraordi-nary caliber.Reasons for thisremarkable development of the Japaneseteams are not hardto find. The can- ra»s?pCruciai contests attract a throngdidates for the university teams confinethemselves solely to baseball. It is thecherished ambition of almost every Japaneseboy to become a member of one of thevarsity teams. By doing so, one achieves anational prominence, and he is idolized inhis own community. To this end the youthstrives to learn ali he can about the gameand develop his skijl to the utmost. Theteams play practically the entire year. Theyhave two seasons, one in the spring and onein the fall. Each lasts for about a monthand a half. Thus they declare a springand a fall champion. There is also a winterprogram of intensive practice in vogue inwhich the teams spend about two weeks intraining at some health resort in southernJapan, where the climate is conducive tooutdoor play. This is possible because oftheir winter vacation. The practice sessionsare long, often as much as four hours daily.There is considerable competition forlikely middle school players by the university teams. In late years the middle schoolboys have had the services of efficientcoaches, graduates of these universities, andtheir play has developed to a marked degree.Every year during the week of August I3thto the 20th inclusive, the Ali- Japan baseballchampionship series for schools of middlegrade is held at the Koshien stadium, nearOsaka, under the auspices of the AsahiShimbun. This year five hundred and forty-one schools competed in the games, con-ducted in twenty-two districts throughoutthe Empire. The twenty-two championswere then brought to Osaka for the all-Japan tournament.The Koshien stadium is the largestin the country. Theseating capacity is70,000. Throughout the eight days ofcompetition the parkwas packed to capacity. It is estimatedthat over 500,000spectators saw theseries. A tram carcompany owns thestadium and admis-ATHLETICS 143sion to the field is included in the fare tothe place. This accounts somewhat for thetremendous crowds, though it cannot bedenied that there is sufKcient interest in thegames to take the people out there.An important change has been made inthe officiating of the baseball games since ourprevious visit. Then, the umpires werechosen from the ranks of the players and, ofcourse, they were not specialists in that phaseof the sport. Today they have a corps ofefEcient umpires who keep abreast of thedevelopment of the game.That their decisions are equitable andefEcient goes without saying. None of theadmirable sportsmanship and courtesy thatis such a happy feature of the games in theland of cherry blossoms has been lost bythis change. Before each game the teamsface each other with the captains in the in-tervening space; they bow to each other,and then ali bow to the umpires. Thisceremony is never omitted. The decisionsof the umpires are accepted without a mur-mur, for their word is law. No substitutewould think of reporting to him withoutremoving his cap and bowing a few timesuntil the courtesy was returned. Onlyrarely is there a dissenting voice from thestands to an umpire's decision.Before the start of a league game thestudents indulge in college yells, as we doat our athletic contests. But once the gameis on ali applause is by hand clapping. Thefans are well aware of the fine points of thegame and their appreciation of a well-executed play is shown by the spontaneousapplause. Carrier pigeons are used by thenewspaper men tosend the reports ofthe game to thedowntown office. Atthe conclusion ofeach inning severalpigeons are releasedto take the accountof the inning to thenewspapers. I suppose, for the Japanese papers, such aprocedure is a neces-sity, because their type is set by hand and they need everyminute they can get to compose the story.Though we were principally concernedwith out practice sessions and games, themost impressive occasion of our visit wasthe officiai welcome accorded us by President Takada of Waseda at the OkumaKaikan. In company with the Waseda boyswe enjoyed a fine dinner in the historic roomthat was the home of the late MarquisOkuma. President Takada welcomed uswith a splendid address which was trans-lated for us by Professor Takasugi. Afterdinner we strolled around the beautifulJapanese garden with our Waseda friends.Another happy event was the meeting ata tea with the University of Chicago clubof Tokyo, at Dr. Benninghof's residence.Professor S. Murakami, secretary of theclub, arranged the party. The high lightsof the occasion were the speeches of Professor Frederick Starr, who is now livingin Tokyo, Professor Harold G. Moulton,who was in Japan studying the financialproblems of the Empire, and Mr. J. G.Kasai, who holds an officiai position inTokyo. There were over thirty members ofthe alumni present.Our hosts had given much thought toarrangements for our entertainment. I amsorry that I have not space to teli in detail ofthe many happy occasions that we enjoyedthrough the kindness of the friends of ourhosts. There was Jun Ishii's delicioussukiaki dinner, the invitation of SessueHayakawa, who was a student at Chicagotwenty years ago, to see as his guests hispresentation of "Mr. Wong" at the Imperiai Theatre, atea at the Mitsu-koshi departmentstore, the cinema atMusashino Kan andthe Shochi Ku Kan,the Japanese dinnerin Osaka as guestsof the Asahi Shim-bun, the sukiakidinner with theWaseda alumni andwith the Girls' Opera, at Takaruzuka. _ Inky Bloom slides homei44 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEThen there was the sightseeing. As guestsof Professor Takasugi we visited beautifulEnoshima and the colossal bronze Buddhaat Kamakura. We enjoyed a day viewingthe temples and other places of interest inKyoto. Touring Nara, the ancient capital,in richshas, we fed the sacred deer that roamabout the town at will, studied the ancienttemples and once again tried to crack theenormous beli that we tried in vain to de-molish in 1925. After six attempts with alihands swinging the log boom with which thebeli is struck, we decided the idea was im-practical.Unfortunately, a heavy rain marred ourvisit to lovely Nikko. Nevertheless, wewere able to enjoy the variegated beauty ofthe deep-lacqueredtemples and theelaborate wood carv-ings with which theyare adorned. Thesacred red lacquerbridge and the mar-vellous temples setamid the ancienttowering crypto-merias make a set-ting that is indeeda source of pleasureand inspiration.Not only was the wonderful hospitalityof our hosts expressed in entertainment.Everywhere we went in Japan we werehonored with gifts. The Waseda alumniat Takarazuka gave each of us a beautifulJapanese lantern, the Tea Growers Guildof Shizuoka boxes of excellent tea, theMitsukoshi department store beautifulpainted silk mats, the Meji University baseball team handsome silver cups, the KeioUniversity baseball team gold watch charmsin the shape of a home piate, the KuruyaSilk Guild of Maebashi silk happi-coats,and the Nippon Yusen Kaisha gold initialedtortoise shell belt buckles with cuff links tomatch.On behalf of Waseda, Professor Takasugi presented the University with a handsome silk banner; and to each of theteam a silk haori, a Waseda watch foband a brocade covered album containingWe had the advantage of heightphotographs of our activities in Japan.Our delightful stay of five weeks carneto a dose on October 7th, as we sailed outof Yokohama harbor aboard the TaiyoMaru, bound for Honolulu and San Francisco. Our schedule allowed us an eighthour stopover in the "Paradise of thePacific." Dr. and Mrs. Dr. (She is alsoan M.D.) Robert Faus and friends greetedus at the dock, and in the Hawaiian customdecked us with leis. We were their guestsfor the day. We toured the city, saw thePali, Tantalus, Punch Bowl, the Ac-quarium, the Bishop Museum, and visitedthe cannery of the Hawaiian PineappleCompany. At noon we were the guests ofthe Chicago alumni club, at a delightfulluncheon at theCountry Club.While eating thedelicious repast, wewere entertained byHawaiian musiciansand dancers.After lunch theorder of the dayfound us ali enjoy-ing a refreshingswim at WaikikiBeach. Some of ustried to learn themysteries of handling a surf board, but thejob was too arduous, and we compromisedwith thrilling rides in the out-rigger canoes.The day was ali too short and the time toboard ship was upon us before we realizedit. To the plaintive strains of "Alohe Oe"we marched, with reluctant steps, up thegangway of our steamer, hearing a hugebunch of bananas and a dozen over-stuffed pineapples which Dr. Faus hadgiven us.The 1930 trip was indeed a great andhappy experience for ali of us who werehonored in representing the University. Wecannot ever forget the cordial hospitalitythat was bestowed upon us by the men ofWaseda and the people of Japan. The kind-ness of Professor Takasugi, and the care andthoughtfulness of our genial manager,Goro Nakano, will be cherished by each ofus always.ALUMNI AFFAI R SCHICAGO alumni in six cities havehad the rare privilege of entertainingDean Chauncey S. Boucher and hearing hispresentation of the Chicago pian of reorganization. At a dinner meeting in Daytonsponsored by the locai alumni club a largedelegation of Chicagoans learned withgreat interest of the recent developmentson the Midway. A most interesting f eatureat this meeting were the place cards madeby pupils of Miss Lou K. Weber. Thesewere most artistic hand illuminated woodcuts of Harper Memorial Library and itsbridges, and were greatly prized as souve-nirs by the diners. Mr. Charles F. Geeting,'14, arranged for two addresses by DeanBoucher before high school assemblies during his stay in Dayton.At Detroit Byron J. Rivett, '15, sched-uled engagements for Dean Boucher beforeEastern and Northwestern High Schools,and the Detroit alumni met with him in theevening at the Wardell Hotel. During thesecond week in December Professor Boucherbroke ali locai records for speech making,with eleven addresses in four days in St.Louis, Kansas City, Tulsa and Stillwater.Alumni groups in, ali of these centers had theprivilege of hearing at first hand of latedevelopments and thousands of high schoolstudents heard the Dean of the Colleges on"Recent Trends in Higher Education."The appreciation of the Alumni CounciI isextended to those alumni who made thearrangements for these gatherings and toDean Boucher for making each meetingan unqualified success.HoustonThat the enthusiasm of the alumni of theUniversity of Chicago is a self-sustainingpower was once again very clearly demon-strated when fifty-four alumni and formerstudents of "the City Gray" gathered atthe Warwick Hotel on the afternoon of November 29 to hear Dr. Judd, of theCollege of Education, who was in Houstonat the time to address the assemblies of theTexas State Teachers' Association. Thereare some sixty alumni now resident in Houston, and over forty of them answered thecali to the luncheon-reunion, and welcomedwith zest the opportunity to hear a messagedirect from the Midway. Surely the finespirit evidenced by the response from alumniwho up until now have not been organizedin Houston, prophesies much for theAlumni Association which was initiated atthat time. The message which Dr. Juddbrought, outlining the history of the University, dwelling briefly on the definitephases of its growth, and portraying vividlythe remarkable development of recent years,and the tremendous program of the future,surpassed the fondest expectations.Dr. Judd was introduced by E. E.Oberholzer, Ph.B. '11, A.M. '16, Superin-tendent of the Public Schools of Houston.Preceding Dr. Oberholzer, Colonel B. C.Allin, Director of the Port, told of aprevious gathering of Houstonian Alumni,and following his unanimously secondedmotion that a permanent association beeffected, was named to appoint a committeeto carry out the organization.BostonThe University of Chicago Club of Massachusetts held its first dinner of the yearon Friday evening, December 5, at theTwentieth Century Club in Boston. Thevice-president of the Club, Professor Der-went S. Whittlesey of Harvard lectured on"A Geographer's Impressions of EuropeanVillages." The following ofHcers wereelected for the coming year:President, Roberts B. Owen; Vice-president, Priscilla Sanborn; Secretary, Mrs.Forrest L. Martz ; Treasurer, F. F. Tische.i45146 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEChicago AlumnaeFor the fall quarter meeting of the Chicago Alumnae Club, Miss Damaris Ames,social chairman, and Mrs. Thurlow Essing-ton, vice president, arranged for a delightfuldinner at Maillard's on Wednesday, December tenth. Dr. and Mrs. Fay-CooperCole and Miss Talbot were guests of honor.Mrs. Henry D. Sulcer, president of theAlumnae Club, introduced the speaker ofthe evening, Dr. Fay-Cooper Cole, nowhead of the Anthropology Department ofthe University of Chicago, who has in thepast made many thrilling expeditions underthe auspices of the Field Museum. "Redis-covering Illinois" was Dr. Cole's fascinatingsubject. It was a distinct surprise to hisaudience to iearn that six years ago at ameeting of anthropologists in New YorkCity, Dr. Cole found that our middlewestern country, Ohio, Wisconsin andIllinois were unexplored wastes on thearchaeological map. His account of how hedetermined to explore this unknown andinteresting country, of how he persuadedthe University that the archaeologicalstudents needed a training group and of howat last he was granted a small appropria-tion which 'made them respectable" wasgiven in his inimitably witty manner.The work of exploration was begun inJoe Davies County and township by town-ship Illinois was placed on the map. Sixhundred and fifty-five Indian sites werefound, and our state was discovered to bemarvelously rich in Indian antiquities.Some idea of the importance of the workmay be realized from Dr. Cole's statementthat the great mound explored near St.Louis is about the size of the great Pyramidand that the archaelogical interest of therelics found is comparable to the findingsof the University explorations being carriedon in Egypt.A most significant work is being done inthe discovery of the sequence of ancient lifeand culture; and the students have suchintensive training that they are in demandfor splendid jobs before they have had achance to finish their courses. Because thework of the University is now being recog- nized, enough important sites have beenoffered for exploration to provide work formany years to come.(Mrs. Ralph) Helen C. JohnsonPublicity ChairmanWashingtonAs the second club event of the year, aluncheon was held at the Cosmos Club onSaturday, December 6, 1930. The guestof honor and speaker was Professor WilliamE. Dodd, Chairman of the History Department of the University.Professor Dodd took as his topic "RecentMistakes in American Foreign Policy in theLight of History." His remarks werelargely addressed to the question of repara-tions and the international payment of debtsgrowing out of the World War. Hisanalysis of the problem was most penetrat-ing and timely. An interesting informaidiscussion followed his main address.New YorkIn accordance with its custom a group ofNew York alumni gave its third annualdinner on December 15 at the MetropolitanClub, honoring one of the prominent gradu-ates of the University. This year the manso honored was Cyrus Leroy Baldridge ofthe class of 191 1.In the fall of 19 14 Mr. Baldridge wentthrough Belgium with the German Armyas a newspaper correspondent. In 19 16 hewas on the Mexican Border with the FirstIllinois Cavalry. He served with theFrench Army in 19 17 and 19 18, and withthe A. E. F. in 19 18 and 19 19, being artistof "The Stars and Stripes." After hisdischarge he returned to New York andwent immediately to China, revisiting thatcountry again in 1924. In 1927 he and hiswife started a fourteen months' trip to thewest coast of Africa. He spent a yearbetween Gambia and the Congo River, latercrossing at the Congo to East Africa-Ethiopia (Abyssinia), where he had severalaudiences with the present Emperor.Mr. Baldridge talked on his African ex-periences.NEWS OFTHE CLASSESAND ASSOCIATIONSIN THIS day of pitiless publicity eventhe colleges and universities are the ob-jects of scorings and ratings. In arecent issue of School and Society two in-defatigable Lafayette College investigators,Donald B. Prentice, head of the department of mechanical engineering, and BeverlyW. Kunkel, professor of biology, have sub-mitted the results of their search for asatisfactory means of objectively .ratingcollege alumni, on the theory that the measure of any college is the quality of itsproduct.The basis of the article is a comparisonof the number of bachelors of universitiesand colleges who are included in the 1928-29 edition of Who's Who in America.No graduate degrees were considered andno professional degrees except four-yearengineering degrees at recognized undergraduate colleges.The authors admit that there may besome criticism of this criterion of success,but they point out as its advantages the factthat this compilation has become recognizedfor its accuracy, its social and financial im-partiality, its high and rather arbitrarystandards of admission and its lack of professional or geographical bias.There are recorded in Who's Who, 1928-29 edition, 28,805 biographies of whichID>433 state that the individuata receivedthe bachelor's degree from some one of fivehundred and six different colleges and universities. The years of graduation of these16,000 college men and women range from1855 to 1927 with the peak about 1895.Of the 16,433 college graduates in the1928-29 WhoJs Who only 4900 finishedtheir courses subsequent to 1900.With these facts in mind and rémem-bering the youth of our Alma Mater it ismost gratifying that the University of Chicago should be credited by the authors with 170 bachelors and rated twentieth placeamong the 506 colleges and universities ofAmerica.Inspired by this formidable piece of research work the Alumni Office has partiallyanticipated an exhaustive study of the college graduates listed in the more recent1930-31 edition of Who's Who and sub-mits herewith as this month's news of theCollege classes a resumé of the Chicagobachelors who appear in this most recentissue of Who's Who. It will be interesting to note that Chicago bachelors knownto Who's Who have increased, to ali ap-pearances, from 170 to 278 in this two-yearperiod. This is not quite true, however,as nearly a score of the alumni of our undergraduate colleges listed in the 1928-29 edition modestly refrained from claiming theChicago bachelor degrees to which theywere entitled. Making every allowance foromissions the increase in Chicago represen-tatives is remarkable.It will be interesting to note that ouroldest representatives are of the class of1867 and our most recent of the class of1921. The class with the greatest numberlisted in this issue is the class of 1903 with20, but when it comes to ratios of represen-tation, since the organization of the NewUniversity the class of 1894 carries off thehonors. This class had a total membershipof 25 at the time of graduation. Of thisnumber 7 are deceased. Of the remaining18 we find just fifty percent listed in Who'sWho.1867—2William W. Everts, clergyman, deceased. *** JabezT. Sunderland,_ clergyman, writer; editor, lecturer,authority on India and the Orient, lives in Ann Arbor,Michigan.1872 1Nathan E. Wood is professor of theology in GordonCollege of Theology and Missions, Boston.147148 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE1874 — IGeorge Sutherland is president emeritus of GrandIsland College, Grand Island, Nebraska.1875— 1John Ridlon, orthopedic surgeon, former professorin Northwestern and Rush medicai colleges, formerconsulting surgeon to half a dozen hospitals, makeshis home in Newport, Rhode Island.1876— 1William G. Hastings, former dean of the Universityof Nebraska Law School, is judge of the 4th JudicialDistrict. His home is in Omaha.1878— 1John D. S. Riggs, former president of Ottawa University and Shurtleff College, resides in Denver.1879— 1Florence Holbrook, Chicago educator, is the authorof Northland Heroes and many other books.1880—2Ernest W. Clement, after many years as a teacherand author in Japan, was decorated as Fifth Classof the Rising Sun. He lives in Fiorai Park, NewYork. *** Edgar B. Tolman, practicing attorney ofChicago, is editor of the American Bar AssociationJournal.1882— 1Frederick L. Anderson, Newton Center, Massachusetts, has directed the American Baptist Foreign Mis-sionary Society since 1918.1883— 1Orlin O. Fletcher, author and educator, is professoremeritus of philosophy at Furman University, Green-ville, South Carolina.1886— 1Henry J. Furber, attorney, former vice presidentNational Life Insurance Company, former presidentInternational Olympic Games Association, inventor ofmethod for locating masked batteries and vessels byphonotelemetry, may be addressed in care of the BankersTrust Company, New York.1893—2Jesse D. Burks, Palo Alto, California, is factotum,Academy of Cosmic Engineers, and has acted as muni-cipal efficiency director in Los Angeles, San Francisco,Philadelphia and New York. *** Edward O. Sisson isprofessor of philosophy at Reed College, Portland, Oregon, and well known writer and lecturer on educationalsubjects.1894— pWarren P. Behan is head of the department of Bibleand_ religious education at Ottawa (Kansas) University. *** Frank H. Blackmarr, practicing physicianof Chicago, is a specialist in X-Ray, radium andelectro therapy. *** Michael F. Guyer holds a pro-fessorship in zoofogy# at the University of Wisconsin.*** Albert B. Lewis is assistant curator of Melanesianethnology at Field Museum, Chicago. *** Mary LouiseMarot is president of Marot Junior College, Thompson,Connecticut. *** Earle V. Pierce is pastor of LakeHarriet Baptist Church, Minneapolis, and militantleader of the fundamentalists of the Northern BaptistConvention. *** Maude Radford Warren, author andwar correspondent, was created honorary major, 117thField Sjgnal Corps, for service under fire. *** AndrewR. Whitson is professor of soil physics at the University of Wisconsin. *** H. Parker Willis is professorof banking at Columbia University, and the author ofmany a book on finance. 1895—4Herbert W. Fox, chemical engineer, is vice presidentof the Krebs Pigment & Chemical Company, Newport,Delaware. His home is in Wilmington. *** ArthurB. Hancock of Paris, Kentucky, owner of the Clai-borne stud of Paris and the Ellerslie stud of Char-lottesville, Virginia, is a former president of the Thor-oughbred Horse Association of America, vice presidentof the American Remount Association, and the HorseAssociation of America. *** Henry C. Murphy, formerowner of the Marion (Indiana) News and ÉvansvilleCourier, is president of Kerwin & Company, investmentbankers of Chicago. *** Ralph W. Webster, formerChicago physician, deceased.I896 J/Caroline M. Breyfogle is dean of women at OhioState University, Columbus, Ohio. *** Howard S. Brodeis professor of biology at Whitman College, WallaWalla, Washington. *** Edwin P. Brown is principal ofWayland Academy, Beaver Dam, Wisconsin. ***_ JosephM. Flint, former professor of surgery at Yale, is chiefsurgeon of the New Haven Hospital, New Haven,Connecticut. *** Henry G. Gale is head of the department of physics at the University of Chicago and deanof the division of physical sciences. *** Howard S.Galt is head of the department of education and actingpresident of Yenching University, Peiping, China. ***John C. Hessler is professor of chemistry at KnoxCollege, Galesburg, Illinois. *** Van Rensselaer Lan-singh is president of the York Metals & Alloy Company,New York City, refiners of tungsten, vanadium, boron,molybdenum, etc. *** Samuel MacClintock, formereducational director and secretary of LaSalle Exten-sion University, is connected with the National CityCompany, Chicago. *** Albert E. McKinley is professor of history at the University of Pennsylvania andeditor of the History Teacher s Magazine. *** WesleyC. Mitchell is professor of economics at ColumbiaUniversity and director of research for the NationalBureau of Economie Research. *** Joseph E. Raycroftis professor of hygiene, Princeton University, andpresident of the board of the New Jersey State Hospital for the Insane. *** Marshall E. Sampsell, Chicago,is president of the Central Illinois Public Service Company, the Wisconsin Power and Light Company, andother public Utilities of the Middle West. *** RaymondW. Stevens is president of the Illinois Life InsuranceCompany, Chicago, and is officer and director in manycorporations. *** Cyrus F. Tolman, Jr., is professor ofeconomie geology at Stanford University. *** James P.Whyte is professor of orai English and director of ex-tension work at Bucknell University. *** Paul G.Woolley, consulting pathologist of Pasadena, is theauthor of The Clinical History in Outline, the associateeditor of The Jotirnal of Laboratory and ClinicalMedicine.1897— 13Oswald J. Arnold, Minneapolis, has been presidentof the Northwestern National Life Insurance Companysince 1905. *** Wallace W. Atwood has been presidentof Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts, since1920/ *** Grace Electa Bird is professor of educationalpsychology at Rhode Island State College, Providence.*** Gilbert A. Bliss is professor of mathematics atthe University of Chicago. *** Edith Foster Flint isprofessor of English at the University of Chicago,chairman of the Women's University CounciI andpresident of the Chicago branch of the American Association of University Women.*** Harold L. Ickes,Chicago attorney, has been prominent in progressivepolitics and reform movements since 1897. At presenthe is chairman of the People's Tractìon League. ***Albert E. Jenks is chairman of the department ofanthropology at the University of Minnesota. *** JamesWeber Linn is professor of English at the Universityof Chicago and editorial writer and columnist on theChicago Herald and Examiner. *** Richard B. Mooreis dean of the sciences and head of the chemistry department at Purdue University. *** Edward Tuthill,historian and author, is professor of history at theUniversity of Kentucky.# *** William# E. Walling,author, lecturer and social reformer, is the authorof American Labor and American Democracy and manyother books. *** William O. Wilson is attorney generalfor the State of Wyoming, with a home in Casper andan office in Cheyenne. *** Helen Thompson Woolley isdirector of the Child Development Institute and professor of education at Teachers College, ColumbiaUniversity.NEWS OF THE CLASSES AND ASSOCIATIONS 149I898— 15Trevor Arnett is president of the General EducationBoard with headquarters in New York City. *** HarryAtwood, Chicago attorney, publicist and authority onthe Federai Constitution, died December 12, 1930. ***Harold L. Axtell is professor of classics in the University of Idaho. *** Adelaide S. Baylor is chief of theHome Economics Educational Service, Washington,D. C. *** Alien T. Burns is executive director of theAssociation of Community Chests and Councils, withheadquarters in New York City. *** Russell Burton-Opitz, physician and physiologist, practices in NewYork City, where he is on the faculty of ColumbiaUniversity. *** Charles J. Bushnell holds the pro-fessorship of social science at Toledo University, Toledo,Qhio. *** Fred H. H. Calhoun is professor of geologyat Clemson College, South Carolina, and consultinggeologist for the Sea Board Air Line Railroad. ***Lawrence DeGrafì" has been a justice of the SupremeCourt of Iowa since 1921. He lives in Des Moines.*** Franklin Geselbracht Dill has been dean and professor of Bible at the University of Tulsa since 1919.*** Nels J. Lennes is professor of mathematics andhead of the department at the University of Montana,Missoula. *** Fred Merrifield is assistant professor ofNew Testament history and interpretation at theUniversity, minister of Ali Souls Liberal Church,Chicago, and author of The Rediscovery of Jesus.*** David M. Robinson is professor of archaeology andepigraphy at Johns Hopkins University, editor in chiefof The Art Bulletin, associate editor on half a dozenlearned journals and author of numerous books andarticles on philology and archaeology.*** Henry JustinSmith is managing editor of the Chicago Daily News,author of Deadlines, Josslyn, Poor Devil and otherstories and co-author of Chicago — The History of itsReputation. *** George L. White, clergyman, Yonkers,New York, is associate secretary of the Baptist Min-isters and Missionaries Benefit Board.1899— 8Frank P. Bachman directs the division of surveys andfield studies, George Peabody College for Teachers,Nashville. *** Charles P. Cary is former state super-intendent of public instruction, Madison, Wisconsin.*** Percy B. Eckhart, attorney, is a member of thefirm of West and Eckhart, Chicago. He is' vice president and secretary of De Soto Securities Companyand vice president, the Chicago Art Institute. ***Cari D. Greenleaf, Elkhart, Indiana, is president ofC. G. Conn, Ltd., band instrument manufacturers, theSt. Joseph Valley Bank, the Truth Publishing Company, the Elkhart Hotel Company. *** Alien G. Hoytis vice president of the National City Bank of NewYork, a director of the International Telephone andTelegraph Company, the Chicago Rapid Transit Company and many other corporations. *** Lawrence M.Jay, former president of the International Bank ofNew York, and vice president and treasurer of theInternational Banking Corporation, now lives in thesunshine of West Palm Beach, Florida. *** WilloughbyG. Walling is president of the Personal Loan and Sav-ings Bank, Chicago, and former president, ChicagoCounciI of Social Agencies. *** William K. Wright isprofessor of philosophy at Dartmouth College, coeditor of Essays in Philosophy.1900 — 6William S. Broughton has been Commissioner ofthe Public Debt, Treasury Department, Washington,D. C, for many years. *** Matilda Castro (Mrs. J. H.Tufts) is extension professor of philosophy at theUniversity of Chicago. *** Cari B. Davis practicessurgery in Chicago and is associate professor of surgeryat Rush Medicai College. *** Roswell H. Johnson isprofessor of oil and gas production at the University ofPittsburgh. He is secretary and past president of theAmerican Eugenics Society. *** Kate Gordon is associate professor of psychology at the University of California in Los Angeles. *** Ellen Yale Stevens, educator,deceased.1901 18Arthur E. Bestor, educator and lecturer, president ofthe Chautauqua Institution, spends his summers in Chau-tauqua, his winters in New York City. *** EliotBlackwelder is professor of geology at Stanford University. *** George H. Garrey, former chief geologistfor the American Smelting & Refining Company, is a consulting mining geologist and engineer with officesin Philadelphia. *** Coe Hayne, New York City,assistant secretary in charge of literature and publicityfor the American Baptist Home Missionary Society,is the author of Red Men on the Big Horn, TheGod of Yoto, and other stories. *** Thomas A. Hillyer,educator, deceased. *** James F. Hosic, professor ofelementary education in Teachers College, ColumbiaUniversity, is the author of several books and thefounder of The English Journal. *** Emsley W. Johnsonis a practicing attorney of Indianapolis. He conductedthe semi-recent prosecutions of the mayor of Indianapolis and the governor of Indiana. *** Oliver L.McCaskill is professor of law at the University ofIllinois. He lives in Urbana. *** John Mills is director of publication for Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc.,New York City, and the author of numerous semi-technical books on electricity and radio-communication.*** Harold H. Nelson, Egyptologist, is professor andfield director of the epigraphic and architectural surveyof the Orientai Institute of the University of Chicago.Headquarters, Luxor, Egypt. *** Adolf C. Noe isassociate professor of paleobotany at the Universityof Chicago and geologist for the Illinois State GeologicalSurvey. *** Wilber E. Post, practicing physician ofChicago, is clinical professor of medicine at Rush Medicai College and a trustee of the University of Chicago.***Donald R. Richberg, author and attorney, Chicago, isgeneral counsel for the National Conference on thevaluation of railroads and co-author of railway laboract passed by Congress in 1926. *** Kellogg Speed,Chicago surgeon, is professor of surgery at Rush Medicai College and associate surgeon at the PresbyterianHospital. *** Mary Synon, Chicago, is the author ofThe Fleet Goes By, The Good Red Bricks, and manymagazine articles. *** Judson A. Tolman is head of thedepartment of classical languages, Georgetown College,Georgetown, Kentucky. *** Leroy T. Vernon is Washington correspondent for the Chicago Daily News andformer president of the Gridiron Club. *** Albert C.Wieand is a founder and the president of BethanyBible School, Chicago.1902 16Joseph W. Bingham is professor of law in StanfordUniversity, Palo Alto, California. *** Henry Bruere isvice president and treasurer of the Bowery SavingsBank, New York City. *** Charles C. Catron is ajustice of the Supreme Court of New Mexico and makeshis home at Santa Fé. *** Emma Milton Cowles ishead of Miss Cowles' School for Girls, Hollidaysburg,Pennsylvania. *** Austin A. Hayden, M.D., is executive attending otolaryngologist and ophthalmologist atSt. Joseph's Hospital, Chicago, and treasurer of theAmerican College of Surgeons, A.M.A. *** RobertL. Henry, Jr., former lecturer at Oxford University,is judge of the Mixed Court, Alexandria, Egypt. ***Earl D. Howard is professor of economics at Northwestern University and the author of several volumeson finance and industry. *** Roy D. Keehn, attorney,is personal representative of William Randolph Hearstin Chicago, and Major General in command of theIllinois National Guard. *** Leon P. Lewis, practicingattorney, Louisville, Kentucky, is dean of the University of Louisville School of Law. *** Bertram G.Nelson, lecturer and counselor, is associate professorof English and dean in the Colleges at the Universityof Chicago.*** David A. Robertson, former dean of theUniversity of Chicago, former assistant director of theAmerican CounciI on Education, is the newly electedpresident of Goucher College, Baltimore. *** BenjaminW. Robinson, author and educator, is professor of NewTestament literature and interpretation at ChicagoTheological Seminary. *** Walter S. Rogers, an ad-viser to the American delegation at the Peace Conference in 1919 and to the Conference on ArmamentLimitation in 1921-22, is director of the Institution ofCurrent World Affairs. His office is in New York,and his home in Washington. *** Walter G. Sackettis bacteriologist for the Colorado State ExperimentStation,Ft. Collins. *** Walter K. Smart is professorof English in the Schools of Commerce and Journalism,Northwestern University. *** Monroe N. Work isdirector of records and research at Tuskegee Institute, editor of The Negro Year Book.I903 20Earle B. Babcock, director of the American University Union in France, makes his headquarters inParis. *** Edward V. L. Brown, M.D., practices hisI5Q THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEprofession in Chicago and is professor of ophthalmologyat the University. *** Francis D. Campau, practicinglaw in Grand Rapids, Michigan, is attorney for theFurniture Manufacturers Association and secretary ofthe Furniture Mutual Insurance Company. *** RollmT. Chamberlin is professor of geology at the Universityof Chicago and editor of the Journal of Geology. ***Frank W. De Wolf, former director of the IllinoisGeological Survey, is vice president and general managerof the Louisiana Land & Exploration Company, oilproducers. He lives in Houston, Texas. *** Frank L.Griffin is professor of mathematics at Reed College,Portland Oregon, and the author of several text booksin mathematics. *** William H. Haas is professor ofgeography at Northwestern University, Evanston. ***George P. Hambrecht is state director of vocationaltraining for Wisconsin, with offices in the State Capi-tol, Madison. *** Robert W. Hegner is professor andhead of the department of medicai zoology at JohnsHopkins University, Baltimore. *** William J. G.Land holds a professorship in botany at the Universityof Chicago. *** William R. Longley holds a professorship in mathematics at Yale University. *** William R. Meadows is assistant chief of the TextileDivision, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce,U S. Department of Commerce, and cottton registrarfor the Chicago Board of Trade. *** Cari S. Miner is aconsulting chemist of Chicago, operatmg under thetitle of Miner Laboratories, the developer of the manu-facture of furfural from oat hulls. *** Daniel W.Morehouse, astronomer, is president and dean of theCollege of Liberal Arts, Drake University, Des Moines,lowa. *** Herman I. Schlesinger is professor and secretary of the department of chemistry, University ofChicago. *** Victor E. Shelford is professor of zoologyat the University of Illinois. *** Milton Sills, actor,died September 15, 1930. *** Berthold L. Ullman isprofessor of Latin at the University of Chicago andassociate editor of Classical Philology. *** Albert R.Vail, clergyman and editor, is now lecturer on theBaha'i Program for World Reconstruction. He lives inEvanston. *** Cari Van Vechten is a composer, a musical critic, and the author of short stories, novels,essays, and biographies. He lives in New York.I9O4 14Frank R. Adams, author and playwright, does hisdaily dictating on the shore of White Lake, Michigan,post office address Whitehall. *** Ambrose M. Baileyis pastor of First United Baptist Church, Lowell,Massachusetts. *** Since 1919 Harlan H. Barrows hasbeen chairman of the department of geography at theUniversity of Chicago. *** Jacob Billikopf is executivedirector of the Philadelphia Federation of JewishCharities. *** William R. Richards is chief of theresearch and engineering division, Office of ChiefSignal Officer, Washington, D. C. *** George P. Jackson is professor of German at Vanderbilt Universityand founder and managing director of the NashvilleSymphony Orchestra. *** Don Roseo Joseph, physiolo-gist, died July 9, 1928. *** Tom J. Meek is vice president of the Hirschy Company and Marshall- WellsCompany of Duluth, Minnesota, the author of theHandbook of the League to Enforce Peace. *** HarryE. Mock is a surgeon of Chicago and associate professor of surgery in Northwestern University MedicaiSchool. *** Spencer J. McCallie is founder and head-master of the McCallie School (a preparatory schoolfor boys) Chattanooga, Tennessee. *** James G. Ran-dall, associate professor of history at the Universityof Illinois, is the author of Constitutional Problemsunder Lincoln. *** Ovid R. Sellers is professor ofOld Testament at the Presbyterian Theological Semi-nary, Chicago. *** Chester G. Vernier is professorof law at Stanford University. *** Paul L. Vogt,writer on rural sociology, is on the faculty of theUniversity of Oklahoma.1905— 14Riley H. Alien is editor of the Star Bulletin, Honolulu, T. H., and president of the Honolulu Chamber ofCommerce. *** William J. Bradley heads the department of history at Mercer University, Macon, Georgia.***James F. Chamberlain of Pasadena, California, isthe author of a score of books on physical, economieor regional geography. *** Lyford P. Edwards isprofessor of sociology in St. Stephen's College, Anan-dale-on-Hudson, New York. *** Albert L. Hopkins,former assistant counsel for the U. S. InterstateCommerce Commission, practices law in Chicago. ***Raymond Kelly, Chicago, is the author of a series of juvenile stories, several popular songs, and numerousmagazine articles. *** Robert K. Nabours is professorand head of the department of zoology at KansasAgricultural College, Manhattan. ***Louis W. Rapeerauthor and educator, is president of the Research University, Washington, D. C. *** Stewart R. Roberts"practicing physician of Atlanta, Georgia, is professorof medicine in Atlanta Medicai College (Emory University) and former president of the Southern MedicaiAssociation. *** Cari W. Sawyer is chief of staff of theSawyer Sanatorium, Marion, Ohio. *** Charles A. Shullholds the professorship in plant physiology at theUniversity of Chicago and is editor of Plani Physiology.*** Ernest J. Stevens, Chicago, is president of thèStevens Hotel Company, the Hotel LaSalle Companyand a director of the Illinois Life Insurance Company^*** John Sundwall is professor in and director ofthe division of hygiene, public health and physical education of the University of Michigan. *** Leo F.Wormser, attorney, is lecturer at the University ofChicago Law School, trustee of the Rosenwald Industriai Museum, Adler Planetarium and the JewishCharities of Chicago.1906 IJHerbert H. Bunzell is a consulting chemist ofNew York City and professor of chemistry in theWoman's Medicai College of Pennsylvania. *** LeonasL. Burlingame is professor of biology at Stanford University. *** Cari H. Davis, Milwaukee physician, isattending obstetrician at the Columbia and MilwaukeeCounty Hospitals, and consultant on the staff of theWisconsin State Hospital. *** Harvey B. L,emon isprofessor of physics at the University of Chicago. ***Arno B. Luckhardt, noted for his discovery of ethy-lene gas as an anesthetic agent, is professor of physiology at the University of Chicago. *** Joseph Peter-son, author and editor, is professor of psychology at theGeorge Peabody College for Teachers, Nashville. ***Louis M. Sears, professor of history at Purdue University, is an author of several books on Americanhistory. *** May Wood Simons, instructor in Northwestern University and associate editor of the CorningNation, is a writer and lecturer on social problems. ***William V. Skiles is professor of mathematics anddean of the Georgia School of Technology at Atlanta.*** Beverly O. Skinner is president of WilmingtonCollege, Wilmington, Delaware. *** Herman A. Spoehrhas succeeded Max Mason as director of naturai sciencesfor the Rockefeller Foundation, New York City. ***Louise Stanley is chief of the Bureau of Home Economics, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington,D. C. *** John C. Woodward is founder and president of the Georgia Military Academy, College Park,and chief of staff to the governor of Georgia.1907 IOHarry B. Anderson, Memphis, is judge of the U. S.District Court for the Western District of Tennessee.*** Harold R. Atteridge, author^ of Pleasure Bound,Broadway Nights, Duchess of Chicago, and fifty otherplays lives in New York City. *** Henry E. Bennett,former professor of education at William and MaryCollege, is research adviser^ for the American SeatingCompany, Chicago. *** Benjamin Brawley is professorof English, Shaw University, Raleigh, North Carolina,and editor of the Home Mission College Review. ***Thomas H. Briggs is professor of education, TeachersCollege, Columbia University. *** Margaret E. Burton,New York City, is in charge of the divisions of education and research for the National Board of theY. W. C. A. *** J. Frank Daniel is professor ofzoology at the University of California, Berkeley. ***Bernard L. Johnson is vice president of Radford Publi-cations and editor of the American Builder. He residesin Chicago. *** Eugene F. McCampbell, former deanof the College of Medicine, Ohio State University, isa physician in Columbus. *** Harold G. Moulton ispresident of the Brookings Institution, Washington,D. C, a writer and lecturer on economie subjects.***E. George Payne is professor of educational sociologyand assistant dean of the School of Education in NewYork University. *** Theodore C. Pease is professorof history at the University of Illinois and editorof Illinois Historical Collections for the state historylibrary. *** Jefferson D. Sandefer is president ofSimmons University, Abilene, Texas. *** Harold H.Swift, vice president of Swift & Company, is presidentof the board of trustees of the University of Chicago.*** Arthur C. Trowbridge is professor of geology atthe State University of lowa. *** Eleanor Van NessVan Alstyne is a practicing physician of New York City»NEWS OF THE CLASSES AND ASSOCIATIONS 1511908— 13Bernard Iddings Bell has been warden of St. StephensCollege, Annandale-on-Hudson, for the past ten years.***Charles W. Collins, former deputy comptroller ofthe currency, and author of many treatises on thenational budget, is practicing law in Washington. ***Daniel C. Holtom is professor of the history of reli-gions and of church history Kwanto Gakuin, Yokohoma,Japan. *** Robert J. Kerner holds the professorship ofmodem European history at the University of California at Berkeley. *** George T. McDermott is judgeof the U. S. Circuit Court, lOth Judicial Circuit, withheadquarters at Topeka,# Kansas. *** Elton J. Moultonis professor of mathematics at Northwestern University,Evanston. *** Max S. Rohde, New York surgeon,organized the Lexington Hospital, and is now itsmedicai and surgical director. He is chief of clinicof the Bellevue Urological Dispensary and the JamesB. Brady Urological Institute. *** Odell Shepard,author and editor, holds the Goodwin professorship inEnglish at Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut. ***Paul C. Stetson became superintendent of schools atIndianapolis in August, 1930. *** John W. Stockwell,Jr., Philadelphia clergyman, is founder of the FirstUndenominational Radio Church of America andeditor of The Helper. *** Russell M. Wilder is professor of medicine and chairman of the departmentof medicine at the University of Chicago. *** CarterG, Woodson, Washington, D. C, is president of Associated Publishers, Inc., editor of the Journal of NegroHistory. *** William E. Wrather of Dallas is a consulting petroleum geologist, a delegate from the National Academy of Sciences to the geology congressesin Madrid and Pretoria, a lecturer at the Universitiesof Chicago, Yale and Texas.1909 — IOJohn V. Barrow, M.D. '11, is chief of the medicaistaff of the Los Angeles General Hospital. *** MaryeY. Dabney is associate in gynecology, Hillman Hospital,Birmingham, Alabama, and editor of the SouthernMedicai Journal. *** Clinton J. Davisson, physicist withthe Bell Telephone Laboratories, New York City, wasawarded the Comstock prize of $2300 in 1928 by theNational Academy of Sciences for "the most importantresearch in electricity, magnetism and radiant energymade in North America during the past five years."*** Harry Hansen, former editor of the Universityof Chicago Magazine, is literary editor of the New YorkWorld and book reviewer for Harpers Magazine. ***William P. McCracken, Jr., formerly assistant secretary of Commerce for Aernautics, and governor ofthe National Aeronautic Association, practices law inNew York and Washington. *** Sister Antonia McHughis president of the College of St. Catherine, St. Paul,Minnesota. *** Maurice C. Pincoffs, practicing physicianof Baltimore, is professor of medicine at the University of Maryland. *** Willard Haskell Robinson,Jr., is professor of religious education at Hope College,Holland, Michigan. *** William D. Turner is assistant professor of chemical engineering at ColumbiaUniversity. *** Stephen S. Visher is associate professorof geography at Indiana University.I9IO QCharles W. Barton is editor of the Sheridan, Wyoming, Post Enterprise, and owns the NorthwesternFarmer and Rancher, a monthly magazine. *** DanielJ. Blocker is professor of philosophy, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina. *** Fanny Butcheris literary editor of the Chicago Tribune. *** Doyle E.Carlton, formerly practicing law in Tampa, is governorof Florida and resides in Tallahassee. *** Edwin P.Hubble is an astronomer on the staff of Mt. WilsonObservatory, Pasadena. *** Sumner A. Ives is headof the department of biology and professor of botanyat Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina. ***Leverett S. Lyon, economist, is a member of thestaffs of the Institute of Economics and the BrookingsInstitution, Washington, D. C. *** Walter F. Sandersis dean of Park College, Parkville, Missouri, and headof its department of modem languages. *** FrederickD. Smith is professor of general literature at SouthernMethodist University, Dallas. 1911— pRichard Atwater ("Riq") has conducted a mostpopular column in the Chicago Evening Post for thepast decade. *** C. Leroy Baldridge, artist and author,is living m New York City. *** Conrado Benitez,attorney, writer, authority on economics, makes hishome in Manila, P. I. *** Mollie Ray Carroll hasbecome associate professor of social economy at theUniversity of Chicago and executive head of the University settlement. *** Karl K. Darrow, physicist, is amember of the technical staff of Bell Telephone Laboratories, the author of Einleitung in die Wellenmechanik.and a contributor to the technical journals. *** MorrisFishbem, physician and former associate editor of theUniversity of Chicago Magazine, is editor of theJournal of the American Medicai Association and ofHygeia. He has written many a readable book andarticle and delivered many a lecture. *** Esmond R.Long holds a professorship in pathology at the University of Chicago. *** Harrison H. Wheaton, NewYork City, former executive manager New York StateWaterways Commission, is president of Harrison H.Wheaton, Inc., and other corporation s. *** MaynardO. Williams is staff correspondent for the NationalGeographic Magazine, a Fellow of the Royal GeographicSociety.1912 — IOStella S. Center, New York City, is the author of 9half dozen books on English and is editor of AcademyClassics for Junior High Schools. *** George N. Foster,attorney of Los Angeles, is vice president and counselfor the Union Automobile Insurance Company. ***Charles B. Gentry is dean of the department of teachertraining in the Connecticut Agricultural College andstate supervisor of agricultural training. *** Byron W.Hartley is superintendent of the City Schools at SanAntonio, Texas. *** Gwendolen Haste of New York,formerly on the editorial staff of The Survey, contributi verse to Century, Scribner's and other qualitymagazines. She is secretary of the Poetry Societyof America. *** Helen Rose Hull, assistant professor ofEnglish, Columbia University, is the author of Quest,Labyrinth, The Surrey Family, Islanders, and manya magazine story. *** Léonard B. Loeb is professor ofphysics at the University of California, Berkeley. ***Stewart L. McDonald is head of the department ofmathematics and astronomy at the Colorado AgriculturalCollege, Ft. Collins. *** John M. Munson is presidentof Northern State Teachers College, Marquette, Michigan. *** Almon E. Parkins, author and editor, is professor of geography at George Peabody College, Nashville.1913 — 1William S. Gray is professor of education anddean of the College of Education at the University ofChicago.1914— 9Harry A. Finney, public accountant of Chicago, isthe author of numerous works on accounting andfinance and professor of accounting in NorthwesternUniversity. *** Mordecai W. Johnson has been president of Howard University, Washington, D. C, since1926. *** Jacob R. Kantor is professor of psychologyat Indiana University, Bloomington. *** Claude W.Munger is director of hospitals for Westchester County,New York, and a member of the editorial board of TheModem Hospital. *** Hubert W. Nutt is director ofteacher training at Ohio Wesleyan University, Dela-ware, Ohio, and author of several books on schoolsupervision. *** Edith P. Parker is assistant professorof the teaching of geography at the University ofChicago and co-author of a series of books on geography. *** Leroy T. Patton is professor and headof the department of geology at Texas Technical College,Lubbock.*** Arthur R. Robinson of Indianapolis hasbeen United States senator from Indiana since 1925.*** William H. Spencer is professor of business lawand dean of the school of Commerce and Administration,University of Chicago.1915— 4. Sanford Griffith, former European correspondent forthe Wall Street Journal and New York Herald, is nowforeign representative of Dillon, Reed & Company, with152 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEheadquarters in Paris. *** Frank O'Hara is assistantprofessor of English and director of dramatic produc-tions at the University of Chicago. *** RoderickPeattie, professor of geography at Ohio State University, is the author of several textbooks on geography.*** Miles O. Price, former librarian in the U. S.Patent Office, is librarian of the Law Library, Columbia University, New York City.1916— 3Hugo L. Blomquist is professor of botany at DukeUniversity, Durham, North Carolina. *** James G.Brown is professor of plant pathology at the Universityof Arizona, Tuscon. *** Andrew C. Ivy is head of thedivision of physiology and pharmacology at Northwestern University Medicai School.1917— 5Olive F. Bryson has been for three years president of Centenary College, Cleveland, Tennessee. ***George N.^ Cade is professor of education and directorof the training school for teachers at the Universityof Arkansas, Fayetteville. *** Emery T. Filbey holdsforth in the administrative offices in Harper Library asassistant to the president of the University of Chicago.*** Morris S. Kharasch is associate professor of or-ganic chemistry at the University of Chicago. ***Stanley H. Udy, Washington attorney, has acted sincel88lWilliam T. McKay and Mrs. McKayhave just returned from a two months tripto Europe, and expect to spend the nextthree or four months in California, afterwhich they will return to their home inArkansas City, Kansas. Dr. McKay hasretired from practice.1882Arthur H. Mosher is doing general practice in Taylor Ridge, Illinois.1884Richard A. Peters, of Tipton, lowa, in-forms us that he is in active practice andexcellent health and is a booster for the U.of C.1885H. W. Waterous left Manila in No-vember and is now residing in Galva, Illinois. *** George Deacon has been practicing medicine in Pasadena for many years.*** W. B. Marcusson gives as his occupa-tion "surgery and globe trotting," and as hisaddress 333 South Taylor Avenue, OakPark.1887M. F. Dixon writes from 576 SouthThird Street, Columbus, Ohio, "Graduated 1927 as counsél for U. S. Claims Commissions dealingwith Mexico.1918— 3Eloise B. Cram, zoologist, is specializing on researchin parasitic diseases for the Bureau of Animai Indus-try, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. *** William M. Fouts is professor of Old Testament interpretation, Hebrew and archeology at theNorthern Baptist Theological Seminary, Chicago.***Theodore Tieken, Chicago physician, is clinical professor of medicine at the University of Chicago.1919—1George F. Wells, former dean of the School ofLaw, University of North Dakota, is a practicingattorney in Washington, D. C.1921 JJames_ L. McCartney, neuro-psychiatrist, is chiefof the division of mental health for the ConnecticutState Department of Health with headquarters inHartford. *** Elizabeth Madox Roberts, Springfield,Kentucky, is the author of My Heart and My Flesh,Jmgling in the Wind, and The Great Meadow. ***Ludd M. Spivey is president of Southern College,Lakeland, Florida.in the class of '87 and am stili going strongin general practice and obstetrics. Wouldappreciate hearing from any of the Win-dett quiz class who may be living and whomay remember 'Dick'."1894Marlin S. McCreight is practicing medicine in Oskaloosa, Kansas.1895U. Merritt Moore is making his homein Rock Island, Illinois, since his retirement.1896John H. Nichols is practicing surgery inMansfield, Ohio. *** G. J. Schottler is ingeneral practice at Dexter, Minnesota. Hehas a son practicing medicine in Minneapolis, another son studying medicine at theUniversity of Minnesota, and a third sonpracticing patent law in New York City.1897Robert S. Carroll, Asheville, NorthCarolina, a member of the InternationalCongress of Philosophy, reports attendingRushNEWS OF THE CLASSES AND ASSOCIATIONS 153a most interesting meeting of the Congressat Oxford University in September. ***Samuel H. Watson specializes in tubercu-losis at Tucson, Arizona.1898C. W. Conley is practicing in Columbus,Ohio.1899F. X. Pomainville, M.D. '99, is practicing in Wisconsin Rapids, as are alsoJohn J. Looze, M.D. '89, and Curtis A.Boorman, M.D. '87.I90IDuncan D. Monroe is superintendentand medicai director of the Madison Countysanitariumi, Edwardsville, Illinois, secretary of the Madison County Medicai Society and editor of the Madison CountyDoctor. He has three sons in college, oneof them a junior at Rush.I902George B. Lake is now editor-in-chiefof Clinical Medicine and Surgery of whichhe has been managing editor for some years.*** R. E. Dunlap is practicing in Craig-mont, Idaho.I903J. D. Shinnick has a country practicecovering sixty square miles of mountains andprairie around Grangeville, Idaho. ***Robert E. Keating is specializing in physical diagnosis and is electrocardiologist atthe Belmont Hospital, Chicago. *** L. M.Bowes is practicing at 6097 NorthwestHighway, Chicago. *** B. H. Foreman isspecializing in gynecology in Tacoma,Washington. *** George Honaker maybe addressed at 968 Alice Avenue, SanLeandro, California. *** Bernard E. Wal-pert is practicing medicine at 8700 Commercial Avenue, Chicago.1905O. A. JefEreys is engaged in general practice in Honolulu. *** James H. Taylor ispracticing medicine and surgery at 55 East Washington Street, Chicago. He has beenalderman of the 27th ward since Aprii,1929, and is at present a member of thecity council commi ttees on Health, Polke,Judiciary, Gas, Oil and Electricity, andSchools. *** Charles A. DeLong is practicing medicine in Gary.I907H. H. Blodgett has left Honolulu andis practicing in Beverly Hills, California.I908Arthur E. Lord, '04, M.D. '08, is practicing medicine and running a drugstore inPlano, Illinois. He is surgeon general ofthe Illinois National Guard and presidentof the First State Bank of Plano.1909E. L. Goar is practicing ophthalmologyin Houston, Texas.I9IOEdward L. Cornell, '07, M.D. 'io, isspecializing in obstetrics at 122 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago. *** N. B. Wagneris an eye, ear, nose and throat specialist inRacine, Wisconsin.1912Maude H. Winnett is practicing medicine in the Marshall Field Annex, Chicago.New address: J. H. Linson, U. S.Marine Hospital, Windmill Point, Detroit,Michigan.1915James G. Montgomery is practicing surgery in Kansas City. *** Cari F. Snapp,'14, M.D. '15, is engaged in private medicai practice, limited to otolaryngology, inGrand Rapids, Michigan. *** Lawrence G.Dunlap, '13, M.D. '15, is engaged in eye,ear, nose and throat work in Anaconda,Montana.I916W. W. Stevenson is specializing in eye,ear, nose and throat work in Flint, Michigan.154 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE1918H. C. Sauer, '16, M.D. '18, is practicingin Piper City, Illinois.I920Ciney Rich, '18, M.D. '20, is conduct-ing a practice limited to surgery and con-sultation in the Citizens Building, Decatur,Illinois. *** George T. Hoyt, '19, M.D.'20, is practicing medicine in Roseville, Illinois.I92IGail R. Soper is doing eye, ear, nose andthroat work at 636 Church Street, Evanston. *** Harold J. Shelley is assistant at-tending surgeon at St. Luke's and Knicker-bocker Hospitals, New York City. ***Anna B. Grey, '17, M.D. '21, recently returned to Morilmein, Burma, to resumécharge of an eighty bed hospital there. ***James F. Curry is practicing medicine at1344 East Ó3rd Street, Chicago.1922A. H. Hallmann, '20, M.D. '22, is associate professor of medicine at the ChicagoMedicai School, and vice president of theNorthwest branch, Chicago Medicai Society. *** Leo C. Clowes has moved hisoffices to 8 South Michigan Avenue, wherehe has larger quarters and longer officehours.I923Dorothy Grey, '14, M.D. '23, is pactic-ing medicine in Evanston again after threemonths of post graduate study in New YorkCity. *** Merrick R. Breck, '21, M.D. '23,is practicing general medicine in EdisonPark, Chicago, where he and Mrs. Breck(Elizabeth E. Sparks) '24, are bringingup a small daughter, Eleanor Frances, agedeighteen months. *** Harold L. Thompson,S.M. '21, M.D. '23, is specializing in diag-nosis and surgery in Los Angeles. Hisaddress there is Wilshire Medicai Building.*** Clarence F. Brown, '19, M.D. '23, ispracticing medicine at 122 South MichiganAvenue, Chicago. I924Thomas A. Baird, '22, M.D. '24, is practicing at 8 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago. *** Milton Steinberg is specializing inobstetrics at 12 12 Straus Building, Chicago.I92SSol M. Wolffson, '22, M. D. '25, is specializing in surgery at 4100 West MadisonStreet, Chicago. *** Eugene Ziskind isspecializing in neurology in Los Angeles.New address: Louis P. River, '22, M.D.'25, 512 Wenonah Avenue, Oak Park,Illinois.1926Walter H. Milbacher, '24, M.D. '26, isassociated with the Dreyer-Denney Clinicin Aurora, Illinois.1927Fred L. Sperry has opened offices in theFischer Building, Detroit, and is specializing in gastro enterology and internai medicine.1929Felix M. Janovsky, '24, M.D. '29, isteaching surgery at Northwestern University Medicai School. *** E. H. Files ispracticing in Cedar Rapids, lowa.I930Lewis J. Ferrell, M.D. '30, and Mrs.Ferrell (Myrtle Brannon) A.M. '30, areliving in Everett, Washington, where Dr.Ferrell is conducting a general practice, andMrs. Farrell is executive secretary of theEverett chapter of the American Red Cross,the only trained case work agency in thecounty. *** Michael P. Ohlsen is practicingin Monticello, Wisconsin. *** Robert F.Monteith is resident physician at Mills Me-morial Hospital, San Mateo, California. ***G. L. Perusse, Jr., and Mrs. Perusse returned from their European honeymoon afew days before Christmas. They are athome at the Lake Shore Athletic Club,Chicago.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 155A LUMNI headquartersfor 102 colleges and universities and 21 national Pan-Hellenic sororities$12.50 to $25.50 weekly/ separate Floorsfor WOMEN $2.50 to $4.00 dailyIt1 separate FloorsFORM E NRCA RADIO SPEAKER IN EACH OF THE 1000 ROOMS AT NO EXTRA CHARGEALLERTON HOUSEWALTER W. DWYE^Gen'IMsr.a CHICAGO ¦ 7 01 North Michigan Avenuei56 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINECommerce and Administration1913Harrison E. Biller holds an executiveposition with the Curtis Publishing Company in Philadelphia.1915Ralph D. Kellogg is a vice-president anddirector of Baker, Kellogg & Company,New York, a concern engaged in the under-writing and wholesale distribution of foreign securities.I918Margaret A. Hayes is teaching physicaleducation at Crane Junior College, Chicago.I920Roscoe E. Taylor is general managerof the Ottumwa Gas Company, at Ottum-wa, lowa. *** Herman T. Mossberg ispresident of Mossberg & Bodell, Inc.,printers, South Bend, Indiana. *** JamesS. Barde is president of the Bartle Equipment Company of Oak Park, a concern engaged in jobbing automotive and industriaisupplies.I92IG. R. Wallick is general manager of theSterling Wholesale Grocery Company, atSterling, Illinois. *** R. H. Gasch is secretary of the Joslyn Company, New York.His connection with the company began in1922. *** Milton M. Bowen is vice-president of the American Metal ProductsCorporation at St. Louis, Missouri.1922Sabra Jones Johnson, '22, A.M. '27,is teaching commercial subjects at Lind-blom High School, Chicago. *** HaroldR. Goebel is a salesman at Tulsa, Oklahoma, for the Scholl Manufacturing Company. *** F. F. Jordan, A.M., is vice-president and general manager of EmeryIndustries, Inc., of Cincinnati, Ohio. Hehas been with the company since 1924. ***W. H. Trout is flnance controller for Mandel Brothers, Inc., of Chicago. ***Juell G. Reed is trust ofEcer of the Citi-zens National Trust and Savings Bank ofRiverside, California. *** Jack Rose becameassistant general manager of Warner Brothers Theatres in Illinois and Indiana inNovember, 1930.I923Irwin N. Knehans is teaching accounting,business administration and commercial lawin Calumet High School, Chicago. ***Earl E. Myers is an airplane pilot at Miami, Florida, for the Curtiss-Wright Fly-ing Service. *** William A. Dejonge,A.M., is chief of the cost studies and jobanalysis department of the Western Electric Company at Kearney, New Jersey.*** Joseph D. Lipkin is merchandise manager for Hartman's furniture concern atMilwaukee.1924O. P. Decker is connected with S. W.Straus and Company of Chicago, and isteaching one night a week in the Northwestern University School of Commerce.1925Clarence W. Rogers, A.M., is state manager at Seattle, Washington, for the Business Men's Assurance Company ofAmerica.I926Louella Arnold Kaufman, A.M., isteaching economics in Northeastern HighSchool at Detroit, Michigan.I927Jack B. Zavatsky is manager of the mailorder department of Younker Brothers,Inc., department store at Des Moines, lowa.*** Charles W. Porter, A.M., who hasbeen teaching business law and accountingat Lewis Institute, Chicago, has passed theIllinois State Bar Examination, and expectsNEWS OF THE CLASSESto receive his license to practice law shortly.##* Charles Springate is teaching commercial subjects in the high school at Manchester, lowa.1928Sidney M. Perlstadt is accountant andcredit manager for the Stetson China Company, Chicago. *** Wallace A. Nelson iscashier of the National Theatre SupplyCompany, Los Angeles. *** R. A. Fergusonis an accountant with the United Auto-graphic Register Company of Chicago.### Virginia Winship is teaching commercial subjects in Muskegon HeightsHigh School, Muskegon Heights, Michigan. *** Floyd H. Davidson became alieutenant in the United States Army AirCorps in October, 1930. He is stationedat Rockwell Field, Coronada, California.I929Oswald Nielsen is an assistant in accounting at the School of Business of theUniversity of Minnesota, where he is tak-ing graduate work. **.* C. A. Nebel istrame manager and purchasing agent forthe C. N. Fries Company of Chicago.I930Vincel O. Smith is a store manager forthe Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company in Chicago.Alumni of the School of Commerce andAdministration will be interested to knowthat in the near future the staff will bestrengthened by the addition of two out-standing authorities in two important fields.Mr. James W. Young, vice president anddirector of J. Walter Thompson & Company, will give a course in advertising inthe Spring Quarter, and a series of lec-tures on "Advertising Abroad." Mr. Youngis at present touring Australia and Japan,visiting the branch offices of J. WalterThompson & Company in those countries.The other notable addition to the facultyis Professor J. Hugh Jackson, who hasbeen professor of accounting in the StanfordUniversity Graduate School of Business Increasing the Saleof MeatLive stock prices do not determine meat prices. Whatthe consumer can or is willingto pay for the available supply fixes the price of meat.And meat is perishable andmust be sold promptly.What the packer can getfor meat and by-produets de-termines what he can offer forlive stock, and this is depend-ent, in part, on the supplyof live animals that comes tomarket.Modem methods of marketing, through branch houseslocated in larger consumingcenters, andby ear routesto lesspopulous points, have donemuch to avoid over-suppliesand to make a more evensupply of meat available toconsumers everywhere.Swift & Companyi58 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEfor the last five years. Professor Jacksonwill be at the University of Chicago forfour quarters, beginning with the Summerquarter of 1931. He is author of AuditWorking Paper s and Auditing Problems, and co-author of Bookkeeping andBusiness Knowledge, besides riumerousDoctors of189SE. S. Ames has resigned the pastorate ofthe University Church of the Disciples inorder to give his entire time to his dutiesas a member of the faculty of the philosophydepartment at the University.1899Daniel P. MacMillan of 5553 KenwoodAvenue, is director of child study for theChicago Board of Education, director ofphysical and psychiatric examination ofteachers, and physician to the Chicago Nor-mal College.I9OOA portrait of G. L. Brown was recentlypresented to the South Dakota State College in honor of Mr. Brown's thirty- threeyears on the faculty of the College. Mr.Brown is at present dean of the faculty,dean of the division of general science andprofessor of mathematics. *** Thomas C.Hopkins is a member of the geology department at Syracuse University.I906New addresses: Daniel C. Tear, 3701Sixteenth Street, N. W., Washington, D.C; H. B. Shearman, Pendle Hill, Walling-ford, Pennsylvania.I907L. A. Higley, 'oo, Ph.D. '07, is dean ofmen at Wheaton College.I908Susan W. Peabody returned to Chicagoin October after a five months absence inEurope. *** Walter V. Bingham, in addi- articles and book reviews. Before going toStanford he was assistant professor andlater professor of accounting in the Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration. He has also been associated withthe firm of Price, Waterhouse and Company for the last ten years.Philosophytion to his duties as editor of the PersonnelJournal and director of the Personnel Research Federation, 29 W. Thirty-ninthStreet, New York, is now professorial lecturer in psychology at Stevens Institute ofTechnology. His work and that of his staffin reducing collision accidents on the streetsof Boston and other New England citiescontinues to attract wide attention. At theCongress of the National Safety CounciI inPittsburgh in October he made an addressat an open meeting of the Committee on theDriver, of which he is chairman. His latestpublications include an article in the Journalof Menta! Hygiene on "Achievements ofIndustriai Psychology"; and "The Personnel Research Federation in 1930," an an-nual report published in the yearbook ofthat organization.I909Herman A. Spoehr, '06, Ph.D. '09, isassociated with the Rockefeller Foundation in New York City.I9IOFred W. Upson is dean of the GraduateCollege, University of Nebraska. *** AlienD. Hale is head of the department of geology at Earlham College, Richmond, Indiana, where he is directing some interestingdepartures in field work.I9IIRobert K. Nabours, '05, Ph.D. 'n, isteaching zoology at the Kansas AgriculturalCollege, Manhattan, Kansas.I912H. W. Moody has accepted a professorship at Valparaiso University.NEWS OF THE CLASSES AND ASSOCIATIONS 1591913J. Léonard Hancock, '05, Ph.D. '13,is dean and acting president of Crane JuniorCollege, Chicago.1915C. H. Maxson has been advanced to theposition of professor of politicai science atthe University of Pennsylvania. His lec-tures on citizenship are being published bythe University of Oxford Press.I916D. M. Key is president of Millsaps College, Jackson, Mississippi, a member of theexecutive committee of the Mississippi Research Commission for 1 930; and president,also, of Whitworth College, Brookhaven,Mississippi. *** B. E. Shackelford is thehead of educational scientific work in connection with research activities of RCARadiotron Company, Harrison, New Jersey. *** D. D. GrifEth, recently appointeddean of the College of Liberal Arts, willcontinue also as executive officer of the department of English at the University ofNebraska. *** Helen Sard Hughes, 'io,Ph.D. '16, is associate professor and chairman of the department of English literatureat Wellesley College.191 7Thomas Wearing is dean of the Colgate-Rochester Divinity School, Rochester, NewYork.1922Claud Howard is teaching at Southwest-ern University, Georgetown, Texas.I923Mark W. Tapley, '20, Ph.D. '23, andMrs. Tapley (Virginia Ault) '23, are liv-ing at 514 East 2ist Street, Brooklyn, NewYork. *** Joseph P. Harris has acceptedthe position of professor of politicai scienceat the University of Washington at Seattle.*** Norman S. Hayner is associate professor of sociology at the University of Washington. MOTOR TOURSGREAT BRITAIN - - under the direction ofProf. William A. Frayer, - - from Salisburythrough Devon and Cornwall, the EnglishLakes, the Shakespeare Country, Scotland,the cathedral towns, London. 33 days.FRANGE - - with Professor Rene' Talamon - -from Jnterlaken and Montreux to Arles,Nimes, Carcassonne, the Pyrenees, Nor-mandy, the Chateaus of Touraine, 36 days.CENTRAL EUROPE - - under the leadershipof Dr. George H. Alien - - in an area wherecultural and scenic interest are concentratedas nowhere else. Manyout-of-the-way placesin addition to the great centers. llsenburgand Salzburg as well as Berlin, Dresden andVienna. 48 days.Send for special announcetnentBUREAU OF UNIVERSITY TRAVEL86 Boyd Street Newton, MassachusettsBEGIN THENEW YEARWRITEto theU. of C. BOOK STOREfor thatBOOKwhich you wanted but Santa Clausdidn't bring you, or anything elsein the way of books or stationerysupplies.Our mail service is prompt andefficient.5802 Ellis Ave.Chicago, IH.i6o THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEI924Maurice T. Price, 'io, A.M. '15, Ph.D.'24, is associate professor of sociology at theUniversity of Washington. *** Oscar A.Marti is teaching at Central Missouri StateTeachers College, Warrensburg, Missouri.*** L. V. Cavins is director of the Bureauof Educational Research and chairman ofthe CounciI of Research Directors at Charleston, West Virginia. His particular workis the study of the sources of school revenue.*** H. R. Moore, '21, S.M. '23, Ph.D.'24, has resigned his position with the Du-Pont Aminonia Corporation and is now research chemist with the Celanese Corporation, Cumberland, Maryland.1925William W. Merryman is associate professor of physics' at the College of Williamand Mary. *** R. C. Young is professor ofphysics at the College of William and Mary.*** Reuben G. Gustavson of the University of Denver read a paper at theinternational congress on sex held in London a few months ago. *** Charles H.Thompson, '18, A.M. '20, Ph.D. '25, isprofessor of education at Howard University, Washington, D. C. *** HarmonM. Snyder is head of the department ofreligious education at Tempie University,Philadelphia. *** William G. Friedemanhas accepted a position as research chemistwith the Shell Petroleum Company, EastChicago, Indiana. *** Ruth W. Pray isteaching at the Oklahoma College forWomen, Chickasha.New address: Carlos I. Reed, 738 S.Highland Avenue, Oak Park, Illinois.I926Mary H. Maver has accepted an ap-pointment as research associate in the National Institute of Health in Washington.*** L. D. Turner is professor of English atFisk University, Nashville. *** Harmon O.DeGraff is head of the department of sociology at the University of Akron, Ohio.*** Sybil Woodruff, S.M. '19, Ph.D. '26,has resigned from the department of house-hold science of the University of California to accept an appointment at the Universityof Illinois.I927Robert D. Highfill has returned to hisposition as professor of English at OuachitaCollege, Arkadelphia, Arkansas, this year.*** Mayme I. Logsdon, '13, A.M. '15,Ph.D. '27, is now associate professor ofmathematics at the University. *** LouisKassel, '25, S.M. '26, Ph. D. '27, is withthe Bureau of Mines Experiment Stationin Pittsburgh. *** J. B. Hoag, assistant professor of physics at the University, has beenelected secretary-treasurer of the Chicagosection of the Institute of Radio Engineers.*** Nicholas T. Bobrovnikoff is assistantprofessor of astrophysics at Ohio WesleyanUniversity. *** Walter C. Russell is nowassociate professor of agricultural biochemis-try at Rutgers University. *** Perry Y.Jackson, S.M. '24, Ph.D. '27, has resignedhis position as professor of chemistry atPark College and accepted an appointmentas professor of chemistry at the College ofWilliam and Mary at Norfolk. *** PaulL. Whitely, A.M. '24, Ph.D. '27, is professor of psychology at Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania. ***Edward S. Akeley has joined the physicsstaff of Purdue University as assistant professor of theoretical physics. *** JamesR. Jackson, '23, A.M. '24, Ph.D. '27, isassistant professor and head of the department of finance at St. Louis University.He has been in charge of the statistical department of Lorenzo E. Anderson & Company, members of the New York stock ex-change, since June, 1929.I928Frederick M. Derwacter, professor ofGreek at William Jewell College, is theauthor of Preparing the Way for Jesus,published by the Macmillan Company inOctober. *** Everett C. Hughes is assistant professor of sociology at McGill University.*** Harold G. Holck, '21, Ph.D.'28, is in charge of the department ofpharmacology, American University atBeirut, Syria. *** Walter S. Ryder is teaching sociology at Macalester College, St.NEWS OF THE CLASSES AND ASSOCIATIONS 161Paul. *** John W. Ashton is again teaching at the State University of lowa. ***Margaret Pitkin is at Swarthmore Collegethis year. *** Chun Kao Teng is presidentof Lanchow Chun Shan University, Lan-chow, Kansu, China. K. C. Yang, S.M.'27, Ph.D. '28, and D. Sun, Ph.D. '28,are both teaching mathematics in TsingHua University.I929Lien Chao Tzu, A.M. '27, Ph.D. '29, isteaching philosophy at Kirin University.*** John B. Watkins, '21, A.M. '25,'Ph.D. '29, is doing sales promotion workwith the contract department of the Commonwealth Edison Company in Chicago.*** Raymond R. Brewer, A.M. '28, Ph.D.'29, is professor of Bible and religion at theCollege of the Ozarks, Clarksville, Arkansas. *** Sherman Eoff is teaching at Washington University. *** Howard Y. Mc-Clusky is a member of the faculty of thedepartment of education at the Universityof Michigan. *** Nicholas D. Cheronisis teaching chemistry at Crane Junior College and is maintaining the "SyntheticalLaboratories" at 5558 Ardmore Avenue,Chicago. *** Donnal V. Smith, A.M. '27,Ph.D. '29, assistant professor of historyat New York State College, is the authorof a pamphlet on "Salmon P. Chase andCivil War Politics." *** George L. Crossis head of the botany department at theUniversity of South Dakota this year. ***James M. McCallister, A.M. '22, Ph.D.'29, entered upon his duties as dean ofinstruction at the Northern State TeachersCollege, Aberdeen, South Dakota, on Sep-tember 1. *** Hubert F. Jordan, S.M. '27',Ph.D. '29, is in the research laboratoriesof the U. S. Rubber Company at Passaic,New Jersey.I930Edwin S. Lide, A.M. '26, Ph.D. '30, issenior specialist in the curriculum in theNational Survey of Secondary Education.*** Beatrice L. Hagen, A.M. '26,Ph.D. '30, is teaching at Kansas StateTeachers College, Hays, Kansas. The Faculty . . .The Alumni . . .The Student Bodyof the University of ChicagoWill find here unusual facilitiesfor dinners, dances, luncheons,business meetings — plus acordial welcome that evidencesour wish to cooperate with aliUniversity of Chicago socialfunctions — large or small —formai or informai.HOTELSHORELAND55 th Street at the LakeTelephone Plaza 1000Stephens CollegeColumbia, MissouriA Junior College forWomenFully Àccredited by theUniversity of ChicagoLet Us Teli You About theFour Year Junior CollegeCourse for Your DaughterJAMES M. WOODPresidenti6z THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINESocial Service AdministrationProfessor Sophonisba Breckinridge wasPresident of the Illinois Conference onPublic Welfare during its three day ses-sion in Springfield last month. Other members of the Social Service Faculty whoattended were Dean Edith Abbott, Mr.Louis Evans, A.M. 1928, Instructor inChild Welfare, Mr. Harrison Dobbs andMiss Elizabeth Dixon who were amongthe lecturers for the study courses, and MissEthel Verry who was chairman of the Chil-dren's Division. Many old students andgraduates of the School were present atthis important meeting.Dean Edith Abbott, Ph.D. 1905, Professor Sophonisba Breckinridge, Ph.D.1901, Mr. Harrison A. Dobbs, AssociateProfessor of Child Welfare, Miss RuthEmerson, Associate Professor of MedicaiSocial Work, and Miss Ethel Verry, Instructor in Child Welfare ali attended theWhite House Conference on Child Healthand Protection which was called by President Hoover in November.I928Mereb E. Mossman, A.M., is an instructor in social science at Ginling College,I904John R. Cochran is counsel with theflrm of Knapp, Beye, Alien, Cochran andCushing, of Chicago.I909Charles W. Paltzer, '06, J.D. '09, ispracticing at 1 1 1 West Washington Street,Chicago.I9IIEdgar J. Phillips is a member of therecently organized Florida law firm ofPhillips and Thompson, which has officesin Tarpon Springs and in Clearwater. Nanking, China. *** Rhoda Morgan Starr,A.M., is now with the New York State Department of Social Welfare at Albany.I929Elizabeth H. Huff, A.M., has gone toSanta Barbara, California, to do familycase work with the County Welfare Department.I930Janet M. Wood, A.M., is a medicai social worker at the Massachusetts GeneralHospital in Boston. *** Arlien Johnson,Ph.D., is now assistant secretary of theSeattle Community Fund and is teachingat the University of Washington in Seattle.*** Elizabeth Hardaway, A.M., has takena position as family case worker with theAssociated Charities of Oakland, California. *** Leila Johnson, A.M., is continu-ing her work as adjunct professor at theUniversity of South Carolina, Columbia,South Carolina. *** Paul L. Warnshuis,A.M., is now with the Presbyterian Boardof Missions as director of the Spanish-speaking and religious programs in theRocky Mountain area.1912William P. MacCracken, Jr., '09, J.D.'12, is a partner in the recently organizedlaw flrm of MacCracken and Lee, whoseoffices are in the National Press Building,Washington, D. C. *** Jewett D. Mat-thews is stationed at Schofield barracks,Hawaii, as captain in the U. S. Army fieldartillery.1913Harry Markheim, 'il, J.D. '13, andStephen J. Allie, '18, J.D. '19, announceLawNEWS OF THE CLASSES AND ASSOCIATIONS 163the formation of the flrm of Markheimand Allie, whose general law offices areat One LaSalle Street, Chicago.1915Harry O. Rosenberg, '13, J.D. '15, hasbecome a member of the law firm of Fel-senthal, Struckmànn and Miller (A. R.Miller, '14, J.D. '14) of Chicago.I916Bernard W. Vinissky, '14, J.D. '16, ispracticing law at 7 South Dearborn Street.*** S. F. Wadden is a member of thefirm of Henderson, Hatfield & Waddenof Sioux City, lowa. *** Sol Harrison, '15,J.D. '16, is practicing law at io SouthLaSalle Street, Chicago.1918Voyle C. Johnson is assistant state's attorney with offices at 10 South LaSalleStreet, Chicago.I920Bernard C. Gavit, J.D. '20, whose let-terhead reads "Indiana University Schoolof Law" informs us that William W. Miller, ex '08, who practices law in Gary, ispresident of the Indiana State Bar Association and that some much desired re-forms are expected during his adminstra-tion.1921Walter L. Backer, L.L.B. '21, and BettinE. Stalling, L.L.B. '23, are with the firmof Howe, Zimmerman & Kreamer ***Harry N. Wyatt, '19, J.D. '21, has with-drawn from the firm of Foreman, Bluford,Krinsley & Schultz and is in general practice at 2009 Chicago Tempie Building.I924Martin H. Kennedy, '22, J.D. '24, ispracticing with the firm of Ryan, Condon& Livingston and teaching law at LoyolaUniversity, Chicago. *** Victor C. Milli-ken, '22, J.D. '24, has become a memberof the firm of Montgomery, Hart, Prit-chard (Norman B. Pritchard, J.D. '09)(Continued on page 164) Paul H. Davis, '11 Herbert I. Markham, Ex. '06Ralph W. Davis, '16 Walter M. Giblin, '23Paal RDavls &<9CMembersNEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGECHICAGO STOCK EXCHANGE37 South LaSalle StreetTelephone Franklin 8622CHICAGOUNIVERSITYCOLLEGEThe downtown department of The University of Chicago, 18 S. Michigan Avenue,wishes the Alumni of the University andtheir friends to know that it offersEvening, Late Afternoon and Saturday ClassesTwo-Hour Sessions Once or Twice a WeekCourses Credited Toward University DegreesAutumn, Winter and Spring QuartersThe Spring Quarter begins March 30, 1931Registration period, March 21-29For Information, AddressDean, C. F. Huth, University College,University of Chicago, Chicago, 111.ALUMNIPROFESSIONALDIRECTORYReal EstateJ. Alton Laureti, '19J. Alton Lauren and Co.139 N . Clark St. Randolph 2068Alumni Meet at DetroitThe annual University of Chicago Dinner in connection with the meeting of theDepartment of Superintendence of the National Education Association will be heldat the Statler Hotel in Detroit, Michigan,at six o'clock on the evening of Wednesday,February 25, 1931. Tickets, at the rateof $2.50 each, may be secured from DeanWilliam S. Gray, School of Education,University of Chicago.164 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE(Continued from page 163)& Herriott, Chicago. *** George N. Span-non, J23, J.D. '24, assistant corporationcounsel of the city of Chicago, is a memberof the firm of Armstrong & Spannon ofChicago. *** W. R. Morgan is with thelegai department of the Straus NationalBank & Trust Company, Chicago,I925Dudley F. Jessopp, '22, J.D. '25, isassociated with the firm of Kelly, Pratt &Zeiss, Chicago.1927Hercule Paulino is practicing law in Ash-tabula, Ohio. He is councilman of thecity of Ashtabula. *** James K. Kneussl,J25, J.D. '27, is now associated with Frederick W. Janson in the practice of generallaw at in West Monroe Street, Chicago.1928Walter V. Schaefer, '26, J.D. '28, member of the Chicago Bar Association, is withthe law firm of Tolman, Sexton & Chand-ler. *** Bryce L. Hamilton, '23, J.D. '28is practicing law with Winston, Strawn &Shaw in the First National Bank Building,Chicago»1929Preston Zimmerman, '26, J.D. '29, ispracticing law with the firm of McCulloch& McCulloch, 231 South LaSalle Street,Chicago,1930Erwin C Seago is with the flrm of De-frees, Buckingham, Jones & Hoffman, Chicago.EngagementsEstelle Rochells, '28, to David L. Green-berg of Stockton, California.Marriages'Artha M. McConoughey, '13, to William E. Cochran, November 27, 1930. Athome, Paducah, Kentucky.Ruth Thalheimer, '23, to Leopold Stern,May n, 1930. At present traveling inthe Orient. Cordelia Keeler, '25, to Ralph J. Devlin;August 18, 1930, at Bond Chapel, University of Chicago. At home, 6445 Kim-bark Avenue, Chicago.Caroline H. Garbe, J2Ó, to Samuel M.Mitchell, '25, J.D. 527, November 21,1930, at Wheaton, Illinois. At home, 208Union Avenue, Wheaton.Lucy E. Larnon, 52Ó, to John F. Mer-riam, '25, August 28, 1930, in HiltonChapel, University of Chicago. At home>109 South 32nd Avenue, Omaha, Nebraska.Mildred Cavins, '26, to Arthur Hughes,December 22, 1930, at Urbana, Illinois.BirthsTo George W. Barbour, A.M. '20, andMrs. Barbour (Lena L. Dulaney) 52i, adaughter, Clara Covington, October 24,1930, at Cleveland Heights, Ohio.To Mr. and Mrs. Herbert P. Walker(Grace Feely) '23, a son, Thomas Feely,November 7, 1930, at Chicago.To Daniel L. Stormont, Ph.D. '25,M.D. '29, and Mrs. Stormont, a daughter,Mary Lytle, June 26, 1930, at Evanston,Illinois.DeathsVernon P. Squires, A.M. '95, in August,1930, at Grand Forks, North Dakota. Atthe time of his death Mr. Squires was deanof the College of Liberal Arts at the University of North Dakota.Harry F. Atwood, '98, December 12,1930, at his home in Chicago. Mr. Atwood had served as an assistant UnitedStates district attorney from 1908 to 191 1,and as attorney for the board of locai im-provements from 1915 to 191 8. He wasan authority on the United States consti-tution.Theodore B. Hinckley, '04, December12, 1930, at his home in Chicago. Mr.Hinckley was professor of drama and play-writing at Northwestern University.Paul T. Ramsey, ex Jo8, October 21,.1930, at St. Helens, Oregon.Cari J. Fuhrmann, '26, January IO, 1930,.in Washington, D. C.