ntoitii ofptojojCEKipUtVOL. XXI NUMBER 2DECEMBER, 1928The University ChapelByJohn D. Rockefeller, Jr.Acting President Frederic WoodwardDean Charles W. GilkeyRev.VoN Ogden VogtThe Chapel In PicturesThe New DormitoriesSHED BY THE ALUMNI COUNCIBooks about theUniversity of ChicagoWILLIAM RAINEY HARPERFirst President of the University of ChicagoBy Thomas W. GoodspeedAn inspiring story of a great educator — friend of presidents, bishops^kings, and capitalists, and of every freshman in the Universitywhich he made* $3*00, postpaid $3*15The University ofChicago ChapelA GuideBy Edgar J. GoodspeedThis sympathetic interpretation andguide to one of the great Gothic buildingsof this country will be as interesting tothose who have not seen the Chapel asto those who have* There are eighthalttone illustrations* $1*00, postpaid $1*10The University of ChicagoAn Officiai GuideBy Frank Hurburt O'HaraThis is a guide and a record not only of ali the existing Universitybuildings but of those under construction or soon to be begun* Theillustrations are unusual and emphasize the beauties of the campus.Cloth 75 cents Paper 50 cents(Postage 10 cents extra)Published ByThe University of Chicago PressTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 53An organixation of almost fifty people, with specialists in ali branches of advertisingVANDERHOOF& COMPANY Qenera/cUdvertìsirgVANDERHOOF BUILDING • r jfi»? lS7 B. ONTARIO ST..CHICAGOHENRY D. SULCER, '05, PresidentHow old is the $100,000,000advertising mind ?The aggregate experience of members ofthis organization constitutes what we termthe Vanderhoof $100,000,000 advertisingmind. The age of that mind is the averageage of ali executives and those engaged increative work — 39 years. This $100,000,-000 mind has had a little over 20 yearsof experience.At 39, the Vanderhoof $100,000,000 advertising mind is in the prime of life. It ismature; progressive, without being impetu-ous; stable, without being over-conservative.This mind, seasoned by investing 100,-000,000 advertising dollars, over a periodof 20 years, grapples with the unusual advertising problem in a manner which winsthe instant admiration of those who see itin action.Member: American Association Gf Advertising Agende s & National Outdoor Advertising Bureau54 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEOver 100 Colleges are Represented inALLERTON HOUSETo Live Here is to be at Home — When Away from Rome!Officiai Residence of the Intercollegiate Aiutimi Association Composed of 96 Colleges7 Floors for ^*||lÌL *4 F1°°rS f°rWomen jf lli'.ik- MenALLERTON HOUSEMichigan at Huron — ChicagoExtensive Comfortable Ball and BanquetLounges RoorasCirculating LibraryResident Women'sDirectorBilliards, ChessSpecial Women'sElevators CafeteriaAthletic ExerciseFraternity Rooms RoomsAllerton Qlee Club in Main Dining Monday at 6:30 P. M.The World's Largest Indoor Golf CourseALLERTON HOUSEWEEKLY RATES PER PERSONSingle • . $12.00 — $20.00Doublé. • $8.00 — $15.00Transient. $2.50 — $ 3.50Descriptive Leaflet on RequestCHICAGO CLEVELAND NEW YORKTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 55¦pVURING the six years of the Charles A. Coffin-*— * Foundation for annually rewarding excel-lence in the operation of electrical Utilities, theGold Medal has been won three times by com-panies under the executive management of Stone8C Webster, Inc. The successful companies areNorthern Texas Traction Company, Puget SoundPower dC Light Company, and Virginia Electricand Power Company.Stone & WebsterINCORPORÀTED56 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINELightsthat lead toHomesO.PRNAMENTAL Street lightsin residential districts attracthome-builders — substantial citi-zens who demand distinction intheir surroundings — whose appre-ciation of beauty finds gratificationin artistic design — to whom thedecorative aspect of modem light-ing is as desirable as its morepractical advantages.Where people stili liveon dimly lighted streets,modem illumination willendow the whole areawith a new and betteratmosphere, givt resi- You will find the G-E monografici on huge turbines inpower stations, on the im-proved lamps that light yourstreets, and on a score ofappliances that save timeand drudgery in the completelyelectrified home. The G-Emonogram is your assuranceof electrical correctness andreliability. dents just cause for pride, andincrease the value of their homes.Wherever houses are to be built,light is always the leader — andat the day s end it: makes safe andcheery the ways that lead to thecity's homes.Street-lighting specialists of General Electric are always ready tocooperate with your power company in improving andextending your lightingsystem so that it maysubstantially contributeto the beauty, progress,and prestige of your city.GENE1AL ELECTRIC720-105EI Al T H IA young lady, just graduated from theUniversity, stood before the aitar in theUniversity Chapel. A young man stoodbeside her; and a preacher asked them cer-tain solemn questions. Eyes of no ordinaryblue glanced up at the carvings that toweredabout the preacher, and awed but solemnanswers were given. The organ pro-nounced pompous congratulations, like acourtly old gentleman. The Novembersun sent gentle greetings through windowsthat were tinted with gold.« « »A great scientist, his career abruptlyended just as he was about to sum up theresearch of twenty-hVe years, lay beforethe aitar of the University Chapel. Priestsof his native church, in robes of black andgold, pronounced strange litanies, and laidthe holy eikon on his breast.A quartet of his countrymen sang ancientmasses. Tapers sent their beams out intoa December twilight. No Czar of Mus-covy, "counting a thousand languagesaround the footsteps of his throne," wasever more piously buried.« « «In the month or two since its dedication,University Chapel has seen both theseevents. It has seen many more. The college president whom Chicagoans stili cali"Dean Wilkins" has spoken there on TruthIncreasing. Preachers from Harvard, Montreal, New York, — and Chicago,- — havepreached on Sunday mornings to capacitycongregations. Organ vespers have beenheld late every afternoon. The Chapel Council, a body of fifty students selectedfor scholarship, leadership, and religiousinterest, have officiated (with the CollegeMarshals and Aides) at these functions. Inorder to carry out their trust as "inter-preters of this building," they have madea special study of its pian and details andhave taken turns at guiding visitors throughthe building. A book about the Chapelhas been written by Professor Edgar Johnson Goodspeed.« » «The purpose of the Chapel has beenperhaps most clearly expressed at the dedication ceremony. Two addresses from thatceremony, by the Acting President and bythe son of the Founder and donor of theChapel, are printed in this issue.A further gift of $1,000,000 to flnancethe Chapel's share in University educa-tion is referred to in the last paragraphof Mr. Rockefeller's speech.« « «Photographers from many parts of thecountry have been quick to turn their lensesupon the Chapel. Some of their records ofthe building and its details are collected inthis issue.The photographs reproduced here weretaken by the University of Chicago Photo-graphic Department, Raymond W. Trow-bridge of Chicago, and S. W. Harting,R. V. Smutny and Tebbs-Knell of NewYork City. Most of them were lent forpublication in the Magazine by ProfessorGoodspeed.THE Magazine is published at 1009 Sloan St.,Crawfordsville, Ind., monthly from Novemberto July, inclusive, for The Alumni Council ofthe University of Chicago, s8th St. and Eiris Ave.,Chicago, 111. The subscription price is $2.00 peryear; the price of single copies is 20 cents.Postage is prepaid by the publishers on ali ordersfrom the United States, Mexico, Cuba, Porto Rico,Panama Canal Zone, Republic of Panama, HawaiianIslands, Philippine Islands, Guam, Samoan Islands.Postage is charged extra as follows: For Canada,18 cents on annual subscriptions (total $2.18), orisingle copies, 2 cents (total 22 cents); for ali othercountries in the Postai Union, 27 cents on annualsubscriptions (total $2.27), on single copies, 3 cents(total 23 cents).Remittances should be made payable to the Alumni Council and should be in the Chicago or New Yorkexchange, postai or express money order. If locaicheck is used, io cents must be added for collection.^Claims for missing numbers should be made withinhe month following the regular month of publication.The Publishers expect to supply missing numbers freeonly when they have been lost in transit.^Communications pertaining to advertising may besent to the Publication Office, tooo Sloan St., Crawfordsville, Ind., or to the Editorial Office, Box 9,Faculty Exchange, The University of Chicago.Communications for publication should be sent tothe Chicago Office.Entered as second class matter December io, 1914,at the Post Office at Crawfordsville, Indiana, underthe Act of March 3, 1879.Member of Alumni Magazines Associated.57The New DormitoriesAn AnnouncementThe development of a finertype of studentlife at the University of Chicago, with themajority of the students, graduate andundergraduate, living in Quadrangles onUniversity land, eating in dining halls,and playing in adjacent recreation fields,was predicted by acting President FredericWoodward when he announced the Uni-versity's program for the construction ofresidence halls, to cost five million dollars.Incidentally, he said, the announcementshould put an end to the rumor, utterlywithout foundation, that the undergraduate colleges are to be abolished.Construction of dormitories for about400 men and 380 women,atacost of aboutthree million dollars, will bebegun as earlyin the spring aspossible.lt is probablethatmost, if not ali, of the units will beerected south of the Midway on groundalready owned by the University. TheBoard of Trustees is prepared to build ad-ditional units, but definite authorizatìon offurther construction has not yet been given.Continued on Page 8558VOL . XXI No.Umbetóttp of CfncagoJWaga^meDECEMBER, 1928The Chapel is DedicateciAddressBy Frederic WoodwardActing President of the UniversityIT IS fitting that the first words addressedto this congregation should be an ex-pression of gratitude to the Founder ofthe University, whose leadership in intelli-gent philanthropy has earned for him thehomage not of a nation but of a world.Eighteen years ago, when he made what hedeclared to be his final gift to the University,he requested that a sufEcient part of his con-tribution should be devoted to the erectionof a chapel. A deeply religious man, he knewthe value of religion; with characteristicclarity of vision he saw the place whichreligion should occupy in an institution devoted to the search for truth, and the con-sequent importance of an impressive centreof worship and service. With ali our heartswe wish he were here today. We earnestlyhope that when from his son he learns ofthe beauty and dignity which he has beenthe means of creating, his happiness willbe commensurate with our gratitude. Wepledge to him the devotion of our besteffort to the end that his great purpose shallbe faithfully carried out.There are others — leaders who are gone- — whom we sorely miss today. PresidentHarper, into whose brilliant pattern of the University the Chapel and ali of which itis a symbol fit so perfectly; PresidentJudson, in whose able administration Mr.Rockefeller's gift was made and to whom itbrought enduring joy; President Burton,who threw his marvelous energy, withstimulating enthusiasm, into the congenialstudy and development of the plans. Norshall we forget Bertram Goodhue, whoselikeness is happily perpetuated by his as-sociates above the tower door, the architectwho with insight and imagination sensedthe religious spirit of a modem University,and with originality and skill embodied itin a design of singular dignity and beauty.To the memory of those men, and to aliwho have contributed of their thought andlabor to this building, we pay our tributeof gratitude. They have wrought faithfully and well.But the task is not done. The purpose ofthe donor, which is our purpose, is not yetaccomplished. The physical structure isindeed complete. The sturdy walls andnoble tower, the broad bays and soaringarches, the cunning carvings in wood andstone — ali these delight our eyes and lift upour hearts. We like to think that such596o THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEbeauty must exert a lasting and beneficentinfluence upon ali who dwell in the shadowof these walls. Some of us even dare todream that this Chapel, like the choicestmonument of mediseval religion, may some-day become a Mecca to students of archi-tecture and lovers of the beautiful from aliover the world. But though it become asChartres or as Sainte Chapelle, it will notfulfill our purpose, unless, from week toweek and from year to year, there is herepreached a gospel so intellectually honestand morally courageous, so free from intol-erance and superstition, so harmoniouswith our knowledge of life, so radiant withlove, as to draw the students of the University eagerly within these doors, and tosend them forth with that understandingwhich makes men gladly obedient to thelaws that govern their lives.Nor can such a gospel be preached effec-tively from this pulpit unless we who teachin lecture halls and laboratories are equallyhonest, tolerant, and wise. There are thosewho believe that the atmosphere of a University is seriously detrimental to, if notdestructive of, religion. But unless weof the faculty are false to the very purpose ofthe University, this cannot be so. TruthIAM here as the representative of myfather. His first gift to the University ofChicago was made in 1889. It took theform of a pledge of $600,000 toward a million dollars which was being raised by theAmerican Baptist Education Society, tomake possible the founding of the University. My father's last gift to the Universitywas made in 19 10, a portion of it being des-ignated for the erection of this chapel. Iquote the following from the letter of gift:As the spirit of religion should penetrate andcontrol the University, so that building whichrepresents religion ought to be the centrai anddominant feature of the University group. TheChapel may appropriately embody those archi-tectural ideals from which the other buildings,now as beautifully harmonious, have taken theirspirit, so that ali the other buildings on thecampus will seem to have caught their inspira- may destroy dogma, but it must, in thenature of the case, be the foundation ofreligion. And the fundamental truths whichthe scientific achievements of the pastcentury have disclosed to us, revealing, asthey do, the essential unity of ali things andholding out the promise of limitless advance-ment in knowledge, constitute a sounderbasis of true religion than mankind has everknown before.No, there is in the University but onepossible danger to religion. That dangeris that the truth may be so narrowly, soirreverently, taught by us, as not only tobreak down a particular religious belief withwhich the student comes to our doors, whichmay be inevitable, but to send him forthcynical of human virtues and indifferent tothe things of the spirit. This we shouldbe constantly on our guard to avoid. Andas we dedicate this Chapel to the uses ofreligion, may we dedicate ourselves, afresh,to the cause of truth, to the reverent andconstructive teaching of truth ; highly resolv-ing that this Chapel shall not have beenbuilt in vain, but that the youth of this University shall be here enabled, with our help,to lay, broad and deep, the foundationsupon which to build useful and happy lives.AddressBy John D. Rockefeller, Jr.Order of the Dedication ServiceProcessionai : Chorale-Prelude, Jon-genHymn: "O God Our Help in AgesPast"Sentences: The Dean and the PeopleAnthem: "Veni Creator Spiritus"Invocation, the Reverend Rufus Matthew Jones, Haverford College.Hymn: "Oh, Worship the King"Scripture Reading, James MinottStickney, '29Anthem : "Exultate Deo"Address, Acting President FredericWoodwardAddress, Mr. John Davison Rockefeller, Jr.THE CHAPEL IS DEDICATED 61tion from the Chapel and in turn will seem tobe contributing of their worthiest to the Chapel.In this way the group of University buildings,with the Chapel centrally located and dominantin its architecture, may proclaim that the University in its ideal is dominated by the spirit ofreligion, ali its departments are inspired byreligious feeling, and ali its work is directed tothe highest ends.Thus may it be that this building, sosimple and beautiful in design, so lofty inarchitecture, dominating the surroundingbuildings as it does, shall for ali time serveto remind those who sojourn here that thespirit of religion does penetrate and controlthe University and that ali its departmentsare inspired by the religious feeling and aliits work directed to the highest ends.In this day of materialism, when ease andluxury, the quest for pleasure, the selfishgratification of desire, are so much to thefore, such outward and visible evidence asthis building gives of the beauty, themajesty, the dominating influence of religion in the material world, is of infinitevalue to remind us of the power and thepeace which it alone can bring into our lives.There are those who teli us that religionis dying out, that it is no longer in fashion,that there is no place for it in the modemworld. While this may be true of manyforms of thought and practice that havebeen called religious, nothing could be far- ther from the truth if one is thinking of thereligion of Jesus Christ. That professor inany university — whatever his own religiousviews may be — who makes light of suchvital religion, who belittles it, who seeks toundermine his students' faith in it, is unfitto be a leader of youth, is faithless to histrust. That student who thinks it is a markof independence, of breadth of mind, offreedom, to scori at such vital religion, tocut himself adrift from those abiding prin-ciples of truth and character revealed in thespirit of Jesus, is only giving evidence ofhis own limited vision.It is true that the religion of today isnot the religion of the last century. Super-s'tition, tradition, human authority, are nolonger accepted by thinking men and womenas religion. Upon the sure and solid founda-tion of truth are they building their religion,and upon that alone. Christ is their authority for so doing, for it was He who said,"And the truth . shall make you free."Courageous is the youth who resolves totest his religious belief by standards oftruth and by nothing else. Helpful is theprofessor who sympathetically and wiselyleads his students to apply that test. Andwithout fear may it be applied, for therebyonly is the dross refined away and by thatvery process is the pure gold of vital religionmade the more clearly and convincinglyvisible.In applying the test of what is truth inreligion, one should be prepared to acceptas evidence what one would accept as proofof truth in the physical world. There aretruths in the realm of mathematics, for ex-ampie, that can be demonstrated beyondthe peradventure of a doubt. The same isthe case in the realm of chemistry. Again,in the physical world there are things thereality of which can be established by sight,or touch, or sound, or smeli, such as a sun-set, a tree, the song of a bird, the fragranceof a flower. At the same time, no less wellestablished a f act in the physical world is theexistence of wireless waves. Surely no onewho has talked over the radio-telephonefrom New York to London doubts theirreality, and yet they have never been seenDedication of the Chapel, ProfessorArthur Holly Compton (said responsi vely)Dedication Hymn: "Ali Things AreThine"Offertory Anthem: "Ye Watchersand Ye Holy Ones"Installation of the Dean of the University ChapelPrayer of Dedication, Dean GilkeyPlainsong Sentences, Cantor andChoirA Prayer of Saint ChrysostomHymn: "Lead Us, O Father"BenedictionRecessional: Chorale in B Minor,Cesar Franck62 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEor touched. It is obvious, then, that thereare truths in the physical world commonlyaccepted as such the existence of which can-not be directly established by the senses butonly by observing the phenomena that re-sult from their existence and action. Why,then, would we be less willing to acceptsimilar evidence of the existence of truth inthe spiritual world? Who, for example,has ever seen a mother's love with the eyeor felt it with the hand or heard its heart-beat with the ear? And yet, is there any-one here who can by cunning argument orpower of logie be made to doubt thereality of his mother's love? Again, whocan prove by the methods of the laboratorithe existence of beauty, of goodness, ofheroism, of self sacrifice? In spite of thatfact, is their existence any less real than thematerial of which this chapel is built orthe people who fili it? With perfect safety,therefore, and with absolute confìdence inthe result, can you young men and womenpursue your quest after the eternai veritiesin religion if you will accept as the criterionof reality in that realm the same kind ofevidence that you accept as conclusive onmany matters in the realm of nature and offeeling.In another particular does the religionof today difTer increasingly from that oflast century, namely, in its growing toler-ance. That statement having been made,however, it must regretfully be admittedthat a condition approaching general religious tolerance is stili hardly more thana thing profoundly to be desired. Theterms under which the originai gifts to thisuniversity were sought were strictly secta-rian. Not only a large majority of the boardof trustees, but the president as well, had tobe chosen from the adherents of a single religious denomination. However, just as inthe light of experience and of the passingyears these terms have been liberalized, sohas a broader and more tolerant religiousspirit been developing in this land and inother lands as well. At the same time, inspite of the progress which has been made,youth finds itself confused and irked as itstands at life's threshold and is confronted with an almost infinite variety of religionsand seets. It stands aghast at the sorry andun-Christlike spectacle of good men andwomen hurìing anathema at each other be-cause of differences of theological belief anddenominational partisanship. When a shipis sinking and those on board see deathstaring them in the face, no one stops toconsider whether the means of self preserva-tion offered is a boat or raft, of what material it is built or by whom, what its typemay be or its dimensions. The sole questionasked is, does it give promise of saving life?By a similar analogy, since ali Christians be-lieve in God and strive to be followers ofJesus Christ, youth quite rightly is unableto see what real difference it makes by whichof many doors one enters into the fellow-ship with the Infinite, so long as one entersin. Too often Christian people are like thegood old Baptist sister, who, imbued withwhat she thought was a spirit of greatmagnanimity and feeling sure at the end ofan interdenominational dispute that she hadfound a way out, said, "You gin a little andITI gin a little and we'll ali be Baptists."Is it strange, then, that the younger generation, from being at first confused andirked by our multiform theologies, thenaghast at the un-Christlike attitude of so-called religious people, is tempted to say toitself, "If this is religion, to insist on sec-tarian differences and to quibble about non-essentials, when sin is rampant in the worldand evil is omnipresent; if church membersare more interested in whom they will keepout of their religious bodies because of theological differences than they are in helpingpeople to be strong in body, clean in mindand pure in heart, we will waste our timewith nothing so hypocritical and useless;rather will we give ali religion a wide berthand have none of it." And to the extentthat such a conclusion is reached, the intol-erant sectarians of our churches are largelyto blame. If Christ were on earth today Ifancy there would be but one church — theChurch of the Living God. Its terms ofadmission would be love for God as He isrevealed in Christ and His living spirit, andthe vital translation of the love into a.- BHRSÉÉfr-MORNINGThe University Chapel from Dudley Field6364 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEChristlike life. Its atmosphere would beone of warmth, freedom and Joy. It wouldpronounce ordinance, ritual, creed, ali non-essential for admission into the Kingdomof God or His church. A life, not a creed,would be its test; what a man does, notwhat he prof esses ; what he is, not what hehas. . Its object would be to promote appliedreligion, not theoretical religion. As itsfirst concern it would encourage Christianliving seven days a week, fifty-two weeksin the year, rather than speculation aboutthe hefeafter. It would be the church ofali the people, of everyone who is fightingsin and trying to establish righteousness.But while the present generation is notinfrequently repelled rather than attractedby religion as it too often finds expressionin the bewildering variety of churches oftoday, and while it has an ever lesseninginterest in what men say in their churchesabout Christ, it is vitally interested inChrist Himself.If ever youth is able to grope or force itsway through ritual, creed, authority and alithe most insurmountable barriers by whichman has surrounded Christ, it is attractedby His understanding personality, held byHis clear insight into human problems andthrilled by the sheer courage of His lifeand death. When youth finds itself thusface to face with the Christ and tries tothink and feel and do so as He did that itmay be like Him, then does it discover thatthe secret of His life was love, and thatlove, dominating the life of the individuaiand permeating and directing ali his re-lations with his fellows, is in its essence truereligion. True religion in action, is livingthe Christ life. It is goodness not in formbut in substance. It is even-handed justiceto the weak as well as to the strong; thehighest integrity, wfiether in the classroom,the office or the mill; clean living; highideals ; the greatest adventure that life has to offer in standing for the right oftenagainst heavy odds, in helping to build abetter, happier, more beautiful world, inovercoming evil with good. True religionmeans an abiding faith in God and in ourfellow men; it means service, sacrifice, theJoy of life well lived and the peace of God,which passes understanding. That kind ofreligion every human being needs, andwhether he admits it or not, yearns for.That kind of religion no one can afford tobe without. I have urgent need for it everyday in my business ; you young people needit in the classroom, in your athletic andsocial activities; the world needs it. Maythis chapel with its beauty and inspirationhelp ali those who cross its threshold to layhold upon a possession so priceless. Andmay there be centered here a religion ofactivity and service as well as a religion ofcontemplation and abiding faith.This building has been made possible byone who is known to the world as a builderof industry, a financier, a philanthropist.To his son he is known as the most loving,understanding, inspiring father any sonever had. That son also had a motherwhom he holds in tenderest memory andwhose influence on his life he can neveroverestimate. It is today his happy privi-lege to be the medium through which, inher memory, the carrying out in perpetuityof the high purpose for which this edificewas erected is to be assured.As President of The Laura SpelmanRockefeller Memorial, I am authorized bythe Trustees to offer to the University anendowment fund to be known as The LauraSpelman Rockefeller Memorial Fund, andto be used to promote the religious idealismof the students of the University and of alithose who come within its gates, through thebroadest and most liberal development ofthe spiritual forces centering in and radiat-ing from this Chapel.Recent Religious Development InAmerican UniversitiesBy Charles W. GilkeyDean of the University ChapelTHE new University Chapel comesto completion at a time when thestate of religion in American collegesand universities is in particularly rapid flux.Within the past two or three years, Yale,Princeton, and Dartmouth in the East, andNorthwestern and Chicago in the MiddleWest, have made radicai changes in the or-ganization and leadership of their religiouslife; and the causes which have producedsuch conspicuoùs effects in these five institu-tions have been operated to no inconsiderabledegree in other colleges without number.One of the most evident of these causeshas been the widespread and deep dissatis-faction with the traditional religious arrangement^ that have been in force in mostinstitutions of higher learning for severaldecades past. At the Princeton conferenceon religious conditions in the eastern colleges, held last year, almost the only pointon which the speakers agreed was the un-satisfactory nature of the existing situation.The recent revolt of undergraduates againstcompulsory chapel attendance, which hasled to its abolition at Yale and Dartmouthand its large modification at many othercolleges beside Princeton, has precipitatedand concentrated this dissatisf action amongfaculty as well as students. At the University of Chicago, the abolition eighteenmonths ago of the very limited amount ofcompulsory chapel attendance (once a weekfor undergraduates only) carne rather as aresult of faculty initiative than of studentprotest: but it is significant of the presentrapidly transitional state of the religioussituation that this action should have beenthe first recommendation of a commissionappointed by the President to study theuses of a great new chapel which wasplanned and built upon a scale which as-sumed and seemed to imply compulsorystudent attendance. During the three yearsof its building the assumptions upon which it was planned had radically changed; andthese changes, which might otherwise nothave taken place for an indefinite period,were precipitated by the very fact of itsconstruction. That is typical of the plas-ticity and sensitiveness of the present religious situation in American colleges anduniversities.Amid ali these changes, however, thereare already evident certain significant ten-dencies which it is the purpose of this briefarticle to indicate. Conspicuoùs amongthem is the assumption by these five institutions themselves (and in this regard theyare representative of many others) of amuch more definite and active religiousresponsibility than heretofore. It has beena long-standing situation in American edu-cation that many even of those collegeswhich were originally established upon religious foundations have regarded their responsibility in these matters as dischargedby the maintenance of a more or less traditional chapel service or services, volun-tary or compulsory as the case might be;while the adjustment to changing conditionsand the solution of new problems on thecampus has been largely or wholly left tovoluntary student organizations like theY.M.C.A. and Y.W.C. A., or to outsideauspices and leadership like those of theseassociations and the denominational boards.Of late, however, even in some state universities that are obligated to neutrality asbetween ecclesiastical auspices, and far morein private institutions that inherit a religious character, there have been strikingresumptions of religious initiative and responsibility, which evidenced plainly enoughthe realization that in changing and difficulttimes like these a college owes both itsstudents and faculty something more in theway of religious guidance than mere maintenance of an old tradition at certain statedhours in the week6566 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEThis resumption of active religious responsibility and initiative has not, however,been simply an officiai move on the part ofenergetic college administrations. In linewith recent studies of the nature and func-tions of religion that have clearly revealedthe importance of its social conditions andits deep rootage in the group life, there hascome the realization that if religion is tohave reality and power in the experience ofthe rising generation individually and collec-tively, it must not be left either to officiaimaintenance or voluntary initiative alone,but must have and keep the Constant andactive co-operation of both these indispen-sable factors. This has brought about anew striving after unity and a new spirit ofharmony and co-operation on more thanone campus among the various religious auspices represented there.The increased religious responsibility andinitiative of the Ryc institutions named inthis article is evidenced by the striking factthat ali Rve of them have within the lasttwo or three years created a new and full-time office of high academic or administra-tive rank, charged with the study and culti-vation of the religious life of the institution.Until very recently the chaplains, chairmen,or presidents charged with officiai responsibility for religion at most American colleges have been men heavily burdened withother teaching or executive responsibilitiesas their chief duties ; while the only personsgiving major attention to religious leadership have been Association secretaries ordenominational representatives, whose training and abilities have not always comparedfavorably with those even of their con-temporaries on the faculty. It is very significant to find ali Rvg of these foremost American institutions of higher learning settingapart a mature man, with experience in religious leadership and adequate professionaltraining for it, to devote himself exclusivelyto these matters: Princeton and Chicagohave both given to this new university officiai the academic title and rank of Dean.At both Princeton and Chicago, more-over, this new officiai is charged with theadministration of a new and magnificent chapel which represents in dramatic forniboth the great heritage and the difficultcontemporary problems in the relation ofreligion to higher education. It is interest-ing that these two great Gothic churches,recently dedicated within Uve months ofeach other, are of about the same size, ca-pacity, and cost; and that they are thecreations of two of the most eminent ofmodem American architects, Ralph AdamsCram and Bertram G. Goodhue. They,dominate their respective campuses, and in-evitably make religion upon each of thema contemporary concern and challenge, certain to be equally conspicuoùs either in itsinfluence, its futility, or its failure.Here at the University of Chicago thereare certain elements in the religious situation which seem to indicate at least the pos-sibility of important developments in thenear future. One of these is the fact thatever since its foundation this University hastaken an active place of leadership amongthe religious forces of the nation and theworld ; it is indeed questionable whetherany university in America or in the worldhas had so large an influence upon the religious life and thought of the last generation. Signs are not wanting that manyother institutions of learning are just nowlooking to the University of Chicago as alaboratory both for experiment and leadership in the large changes that are certainlyahead for the relations of religion to education.It is hopeful therefore that there is anew spirit of cordial co-operation and uni-fied advance among the religious auspicesrepresented at the University of Chicago.This is particularly evident in the Boardof University Social Service and Religion,the newest among the University rulingbodies, appointed by the President to havedirection of the program in the new chapeland general oversight of religious life andwork within the University. It is mostsignificant of the new partnership in thesematters between the officiai and the voluntary auspices, the faculty and the studentbody, that this Board is composed equallyof faculty and student members, eight ofRECENT RELIGIOUS DEVELOPMENTS IN AMERICAN UNIVERSITIES 67each. The new Dean of the Chapel is theexecutive officer of this Board.A further element of promise in the situation at the University is the fortunate factthat so many of its alumni and alumnae livein and around Chicago, within easy andfrequent reach of the quadrangles and theChapel. It is already evident that theChapel is likely to become one of the closestand most active points of contact betweenthe University on the one hand, and thecity and the Middle West on the other;hundreds of visitors are coming every weekto see it, and every one of its first eightSunday services so far has been unable toaccommodate those who wished to attend.It is naturai to hope and expect that notonly for Chicagoans and their visitors, buteven more for the alumni and alumnae andtheir families and friends, the Chapel willincreasingly become through the years acentre for University loyalties and a focusof University contacts.The Chapel itself is of course marvel-ously suited thus to become a centre andsymbol for these loyalties and ideals. Asa creative architectural masterpiece it hasbeen widely hailed already as one of thegreat buildings in America; one of the mosteminent of American architects recentlygave it as his considered judgment that it is"the great church of modem times," inEurope as well as America. Its generousendowment by the son of the donor, inTHE fabric of any structure is alwaysin part a purely physical thing, irrele-vant to any ideas. Yet ali important publicstructures represent ideas. Some buildingsare comparatively simple, and readily intimate the represented idea. Others, espe-cially some of the best of the great religiousstructures of the world, set forth a wholecomplex of ideas with a subtlety, refine-*kent, maturity not easily read by the averle beholder. Such is the magnificentstructure of the new University Chapel. memory of his mother, will make it a musical as well as an artistic and a religiouscentre for Chicago and the Central West.Already hundreds of people every week aretaking personal advantage of the fact that itis open ali day every day, and that its magnificent organ is played in the gatheringdùsk every afternoon except Saturday atfive o'clock for half an hour — one of itsmost valuable ministries in a hectic andnoisy city like our own. Perhaps no otheruniversity and certainly no other city inAmerica has such a wonderful instrumententrusted to its hand as is the new chapel.The real question is whether we can learnto use it as its capacities and possibilitiesdeserve.That question is for the University itself,in the person of its students, its faculty, andits graduates, to answer. The attempt toanswer it is inevitably a great experimentand a great adventure — the outcome ofwhich no one can foresee or predict. Ob-viously those intellectual difficulties andthose personal inhibitions and atrophieswhich are so frequent and serious amongmodern-minded folk when religion is con-cerned, and with which this article makesno attempt whatever to deal, are a very important factor in this whole situation andprospect. But at least the chance is ourshere at the University of Chicago to makeour great heritage in these matters a stiligreater bequest.It is easier to say what ideas it representsthan to say whose they are. For by acurious paradox, the new Chapel is not ex-actly a product of the evangelical move-ment which produced it and paid for it.Neither is it a product of the non-religiousfactors of the University which could haveproduced no such thing at ali. It is amagnificent criticism of both. It appearsbefore us as a glorious example of one ofthe most striking architectural movementsin the history of Protestantism, the move-The University Chapel : Fabric and IdeaBy Von Ogden VogtPastor, First Unitarian Church of Chicago68 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEment to revalue certain aspects of medievalreligious expression. It stands, also, for adistinguished intellectuality no less openbut more compiete than the merely scientificmind. It is in itself an advance beyond thebackwardness and the barrenness of evan-gelical piety on the one hand, and beyondthe dryness and partiality of the world ofscience on the other.In two ways the building transcends thereligious points of view chiefly responsiblefor it. It belongs to the so-called Gothic revival so widespread today. More and bet-ter Gothic churches have been built inAmerica in the last three decades than inthe whole of Europe for the previous threecenturies. The architects of America arephysically presenting us with reminders ofthat thousand years of western culture be-tween the fall of Rome and the Italian Renaissance. This is a sufficient justificationfor structures inspired by the Gothicmode. Moreover in this building, as inmany others today, the centrai pulpit sotypical of the Protestant free churches, hasbeen displaced and the ancient chancel re-stored. Pulpit and lecturn have been seton either side of a proper choir. Thesethings constitute both artistic revival andprogress literally undreamed by nineteenthcentury evangelicalism. They indicate pro-found changes in Protestantism. The worship of the typical American church hasbeen largely informai in mode and spirit.It has been conducted with an immediacyof personal force and a minimum of artistictechnique. This chapel and other Gothicrevivals render such comparative crudenessnearly impossible. It demands a far moredeveloped artistry in worship than evan-gelical leaders have as yet admitted to theirpurview. Many typical American usagesare developments and relics of the frontier,not suitable for a matured society. Protestantism has been distinguished from the be-ginning by intellectual and moral vitality.It has developed less capacity for the char-acteristic religious or mystical experienceitself. The restored chancel is the symbolof a new valuation of religion itself asprimary; the source of ideas and ethics rather than contrariwise. The full impli-cations of such a point qf view the averagechurch will be slow to accept. They maybe drastic and icvolutionizing. They mightcali for the abandonment or alteration ofany cherished ideas whatsoever in the interest of something more profound, religiousexperience. Let nobody make the mistakeof thinking that a Gothic chapel is a back-ward turn to outworn ideas. On the con-trary, it proclaims the validities of immediate experience and knowledge such as mayoverturn the whole mental fabric of evan-gelical piety.The building transcends, also, the pointof view of the non-religious university man.As a Gothic structure, it stands for em-phasis upon a certain profound aesthetic interest which merges with intellectual andsocial concerns to comprize religion. Asa unique structure, with a breadth of scalenotably differing from any early Gothicbuilding in the world, it represents a certaincomprehending point of view in life thatis a direct challenge to the incompletenessand partiality of any lesser category thanreligion. The scale of the building is in-deed almost colossal and it has a fairly definite meaning. It was not designed in sucha superb manner as a mere whim or toachieve any meaningless distinction. Tomy mind, this breadth of scale is the mostnotable characteristic of the building. MayI be permitted a technical word about itbefore returning to its significance ?The pian of the building is arranged inten bays, indicated by the ten arches of themain arcade. In the old Gothic buildings,the divisions of the vault system and of theclere story walls correspond to those of thelower arcades, but in the University Chapel,the architect has used an alternating systemof piers to combine two bays in one unitof vaulting. This yields three great squaredoublé bays for the nave, one for the cross*ing and one for the choir. The effect inthe clere story is colossal. The space fromcenter to center of the major buttresses isliterally twice that of the typical EnglishGothic cathedral. Moreover, such a structure involves arches of unusually heavyiAt the DedicationMr. Rockefeller may be seen in the pulpit, to the right of the choir. The picturat/ives some idea of the unusual size of the unit of vaulting.6970 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEmasonry from buttress to buttress to sus-tain the vaults. On the exterior the shad-owed soffits of these great arches markedlyindicate this splendid breadth of treatment and boldness of scale. This is thestructural feature of the building whichevery architectural critic at once notes asits most significant characteristic.If this aesthetic quality has any intellectual meaning, and from my knowledge ofMr. Goodhue I am sure- that it has, it issymbolic of the idea that religion is the alicomprehending category. Bravo, say theintellectuals, at last the pietists are admit-ting the value of ideas. And this is correct.This is what the building means. Butcomprehension works both ways. Bravo,reply the pietists, at last the intellectualsmust not leave out of their experience theaesthetic and the mystical.It is not easy for an outsider to discoverwhose mind originated these concepts. Isuspect that there are a few, but only a few,university men who have harbored them. Iperfectly well know that Mr. BertramGrosvenor Goodhue, perhaps the greatestarchitectural genius that America has everproduced, was amply capable of conceivingan idea about life and of giving it concreteexpression in a magnificent building, an ideaat once superior to the evangelical pietythat was one of the backgrounds of thisUniversity and to any element of non-re-ligion in life that may stili be a constituentpart of any university.These outstanding aesthetic qualities ofscale and proportion are accomplished tech-nically by the system of vaulting selected.As suggested, the vault unit is two bayswhich together afford a square space. Thecomplications of the heights of arch crowns,the radii of arch circles and the warping ofvault field surfaces are ali minimized ina square space as compared to an oblongone. This makes for a large simplicity ofimpression. Also the square space permitsa wider opening in the lateral or clere storywall. This unique scale is accomplishedalso by minimizing the side aisles, whichhere are low and narrow, scarcely morethan tunnel passages through the great buttresses. If the aisles had been designedin the historic mode, they would have di-minished the great scale of the clere story,and also made necessary the use of flyingbuttresses. The flying buttresses in turnwould detract from the grand simplicityand proportion which the artist desired ashis major characteristic.Inside the building, the transverse ribsof the vaults are 'true masonry arches, sixfeet broad, composed of over twenty layersof tiling, the face tiles brilliantly coloredwith designs representing the works of nature. The oblique ribs are less heavy, whilethe field is only three layers in thickness.It is always the vault system which deter-mines ali major details of a Gothic structure. The angles of the window archesmust echo the angles of the great structuralarches. The mullion system and even tosome extent the details of tracery must com-por't with the proportions which these anglesdetermine. These matters need not belabored here. They are mentioned simply tosuggest that the major aesthetic quality andideal significance of a great masonry building are technically achieved by the structural system employed. The same law doesnot obtain so exactly in buildings erectedof steel struts nor in the older trabeatedscructures using wooden trusses. But noGothic building is properly apprehendeduntil its structural system is more or lessclearly understood.Many who have begun to enjoy theChapel are particularly charmed by thebeauty of the window tracery. It is indeedsuave and gracious, going back somewhat tocertain prototypes in the English geometrieor decorated period of the early fourteenthcentury. The side windows have threelancets designed to form two ogee archesframing a large doublé cusped ovai. Thegreat south window has four lancets andthe north Uve. They are compositions ofsingular beauty.It is in the application of decorative plas-tics that our University Chapel excels aliother buildings as yet produced in theUnited States. These constitute a brilliantconception and are executed for the mostRECENT RELIGIOUS DEVELOPMENTS IN AMERICAN UNIVERSITIESpart with a technique combining conven-tional modes with modernistic forms. Themost striking groups are on the facade of thebuilding. The jamb shafts of the greatsouth window, a window which in itself hasa singing quality, are decorated with heroicfìgures of apostles, prophets and martyrs,thus echoing the sonorous phrases of theAmbrosian Hymn. Across the lofty gablearranged in mounting cadences are fìguresrepresenting those historic religious leadersmost gifted in the spiritual career and mostinfluential upon the religious fortunes ofwestern civilization. Amongst these, twoare taken from outside the Hebraic-Chris-tian tradition, Zoroaster and Plato. Inother parts of the building, particularly thecorbels from which the vault ribs take theirrise, are carved traditional symbols wellknown in Christian iconography. Otherimportant sculptures in the building relateto its academic character; bas-reliefs cele-brating persons significant to the University, and coats-of-arms of American and for-eign universities. Amongst the most ex-quisite carvings in the structure are thoseexecuted in wood. Geometrie designs in theGothic tradition yet free and originai and of extraordinary flowing movement areworked into the elaborate panels of the organ screening both in chancel and gallery.More significant intellectually, however,than ali these,, are those plastics whichsymbolize the secular life. Until recently,few American churches had any statues atali, much less any save representations ofthe religious life. Here on the Chapel area number of fìgures celebrating the secularcategories. To my mind, there are no moreinteresting works on the w,hole buildingthan the four demi fìgures flanking the twosouthernmost buttresses on either side.These are Statesman, Scientist, Philosopherand Artist. At the mid level of the greatbelfry lancets are other secular fìgures;Teacher, Poet, Thinker, Craftsman,Builder and Merchant. These fìgures serveas the great scale of the structure itselfserves, to proclaim the comprehending character of religion, the ali embracing natureof that most sublime experience which theChapel is designed to foster, for the supreme ends of which it affords one of thenoblest settings so far achieved in the his-torv of American culture.The East AisleThe University ChapelA Collectton ofPhotographs\**&Il h.1 The Archangel MichaelHe stands triumphant above thesouth door.72A Denizen ofthe TowerThe TeacherOne of six fìgures that flank the tower at the172-foot level.73The South Facade: an Impression74The Tower as Duchamp Might Conceive It75From the TheologicalSeminaryOne End of Hilton Chapel Ap-pears in the Foreground.¦li1\19 l'I F'H i y|The Choir Gallery77LearningA figure flanking the west entrarne to the narthex — later to be the cloister entrane.78184 Feet AboveTHE MlDWAYServiceOpposite "Learning," on thewest narthex entrance.Two ParablesLazarus and the Rich Man, and The Unjust Steward. Tracery panels fromthe cresting of the reredos, which rises behind the choir.79The ArchitectThe figure of Bertram GrosvenorGoodhue, representing Architecture, has its place among statuespersonifying the arts. The WestPoint chapel, designed by Goodhue, appears in the background:and he now unveils his last work,the University Chapel.Day and Night'Day unto Day uttereth speech; Night unto Night shewethKnowledge." Demifigures on the porte cochère.gìThomas À KempisHe stands at the centerof the west parapet ofthe tower, 188 feetfrom the ground. Scholar, Administrator, and StmNn/àwest transept entrance. • >Thomas AquinasHe looks out uponLake Michigan fromthe east parapet ofthe tower.83Admission Requirements and theFreshman ClassBy David H. StevensAssistant to the PresidentAlien Heald has asked for h\t hundredwords on the first Freshman class admittedunder the new pian of requirements. Withthe usuai certificate of admission as a basisthe Examiner has put into operation themethods of testing approved by the under-graduate Faculty last January. Qualitiesof personality and leadership have beenrated with greater care, physical conditionhas been recorded both before and after admission, and adequate scholastic power toremain in the Colleges has been guaranteedso far as is possible by the scholastic apti-tude test. On this last point, the changesare expected to reduce scholastic mortalityin Freshman year to stili lower percentages.In 1922 the Freshmen withdrawing becauseof poor work made up 14 per cent of thetotal number in the class; by 1927 theper cent was reduced to only 4.The usuai minimum average of 8i^4 ona high school passing mark of 75 has beenexpected of applicants, and those havingaverages of 85 per cent in their last three(not four) years of preparatory school,have been entered without the preliminaryaptitude test. Eighty-five on a passing markof 75 is not the minimum average for admission but the "exemption average" thatreleases applicants from any further testing on scholastic grounds. On this pointthere has been some misapprehension dur-ing the past year. Scholastic ratings aremore exact than a year ago; physical andpersonal ratings have had new emphasis.Our Health Service and the staff ofJunior College deans report that the classof 1932 is better qualified for college thanthat of any previous year. Sixteen men started on the two-year honor scholarshipsgiven by an alumnus to encourage the newbasis of selection. These men were chosenby the examining staff with help fromalumni in ali parts of the country. Thirty-Uve other men and women carne in withone-year honor scholarships awarded on therecommendations of high school principalsand alumni. For these awards promise ofleadership and high scholarship were heldequally important. About fifty othersentered with part or full tuition scholarshipsbecause they had ranked at the top of thelist of 537 persons writing the prize ex-aminations at the University last May.With nearly one-seventh of the Freshman class having some form of scholarshipaid, the University is slowly advancing to-ward outstanding strength in its under-graduate personnel. Much help is givento the other classes by the University itself.Only one alumni club so far has added itstwo-year honor scholarship to the list forFreshmen. This carne from the Chicagoalumnae for a woman in the Chicago area.More scholarships are needed. Too fewrecommendations carne this year from dis-tant centers for men qualified to take oneof the sixteen special honors, and in generaltoo few alumni have interested themselvesin a continuing pian to help select menand women for the University. This isas desirable at the undergraduate level asfor the graduate. The great benefits of thissort that a privately endowed institution cangain through its alumni have long beendemonstrated in eastern universities. Highquality in the service given by the University is the first need : that has been providedhere to rivai anything available in the Uni-84ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS 85ted States and is constantly being improvedat ali levels. The autumn of 1928 hasdemonstrated for us that every assistancegiven by our own alumni, whether throughfinancing scholarships or by selecting lead-ing students from preparatory schòols, hasvital value for permanent gains in the sodar and intellectual power of the University community. If funds and equipmentThe financing of the pian to build theresidence halls was made possible by thegenerous co-operation of Mr. Julius Ro-senwald with the Board of Trustees of theUniversity. Mr. Rosenwald is a memberof the Board, and one of the University'sleading benefactors. The University hadin hand funds which are available for investment in dormitories, and Mr. Rosenwald, by agreeing to contribute up to fortyper cent of the construction costs, has madefeasible the comprehensive plans of theBoard.Acting President Woodward, in makingthe announcement, called attention to thefact that the present dormitories, north ofthe Midway, house about 320 men and 290women, so that when the units now author-ized are complete approximately 1400 students will be provided for. In the nearfuture the total may be raised to 2,000.Although there will undoubtedly be someoverlapping, the pian contemplates the hous-wg of graduate students, so far as may bePracticable, on the north side of the Mid-way, and of undergraduates on the southside.The implications of this program ofdormitory construction and its meaning to are to be well used,c every matriculantshould be selected with very great care.That kind of selection will always beconditioned by the number of personsinterested in securing the greatest possiblenumber of applicants measuring up to thestandards of scholarship, leadership, andpersonality that give the strongest promiseof later success.the future of the University of Chicago arefar-reaching, and will be gratifying to thealumni and friends of the University," saidMr. Woodward. "At present, only a smallminority of our students live in Universitydormitories. Many live at home, a considerale number of men live in fraternityhouses, but too many of our students arewidely scattered over the Hyde Park andWoodlawn districts. Though the University, through its housing bureau, hastried to secure at reasonable rents comfort-able quarters for ali, this has year by yearbecome more difficult. The new dormitories will not only in large measure solvethe housing problem, but will make it possible to provide, for a large proportion of thestudent body, those stimulating associationsand wholesome influences outside the classroom which are essential to a well roundededucational program."One of the important features of thedormitory project will be ampie provisionfor recreation grounds for intramural sportsimmediately ad j acent to the new halls. Thehalls will be of the entry type, each entryserving a group of perhaps 35 or 40 students,and will be arranged in quadrangles. Plansare now being considered and it is expectedthat a design will soon be accepted.The New DormitoriesAn AnnouncementContinued from page 5SThe Story of the University of ChicagoXVIII. President Burton and the New Program of Advance*By Thomas Wakefield GoodspeedReprinted through courtesy of the University of Chicago PressAT A meeting of the board of trusteesheld January 9, 1923, Dr. Ernest- DeWitt Burton was unanimouslyelected acting president of the Universityand began his duties on the day of President Judson's retirement, February 20 ofthat year. Dr. Burton had been head of theDepartment of New Testament and EarlyChristian Literature from the day the University opened, and for thirteen years hadbeen also director of the University li-braries. He had twice served as acting president during absences of the president. Hehad been the intimate friend and advisor ofboth President Harper and President Jud-son and was perfectly acquainted with thehistory, traditions, and policies of the insti-tution. A few days before entering on hisduties as acting president, he had passedhis sixty-seventh birthday, but he retainedali the initiative, ambition, and energy of ayoung man. President Swift, in reporting tothe trustees Dr. Burton's acceptance, statedthat the offer of the position "was madeto him with the understanding that he willadminister the office aggressively," and that"the trustees are expecting him to initiatepolicies."The expectation of the trustees was notdisappointed. He took hold of his duties soaggressively and began to unfold far-reach-ing policies so quickly that after the lapseof only six months, on Jury 12, 1923, he waselected to the presidency. It was a curi-ous and striking fact that President Burtonembodied in an eminent degree some of themost outstanding characteristics and qual-ities of both his predecessors. He had com-prehensive views of what the Universityought to be, the initiative to make the largeplans demanded, and, it was believed, thedetermination and energy to puish theseplans to accomplishment. He had adminis-trative abilities of a high order, and, while*This chapter concludes our serial reprintingof the late Dr. Goodspeed's book. essentially progressive, had at the same timeso much business intelligence and foresightas to make him a sane and safe leader.It was not strange, therefore, that on hisappointment as acting president an atmos-phere of expectancy began to pervade theinstitution. He did not keep his publicwaiting. In his first convocation statement,delivered on March 20, just one monthafter his appointment, he said that the University 's "task will involve an even strongeremphasis than has hitherto been placed onresearch," and that "the spirit and practiceof research ought to extend to every division of the University." Speaking of carry-ing out the plans for the University MedicaiSchool, he said: "It is now agreed on alihands, as President Judson himself clearlysaw and stated, that, whatever the difficul-ties in the way, the time has come for immediate forward steps and rapid progress."He promised intensive and comprehensivestudy of the college problem that shouldresult in giving new advantages to theundergraduates. He did more than statethese plans and purposes. He immediatelyset about devising ways and means for theiraccomplishment.In the two months following this firstconvocation statement, the acting presidentaccomplished with ease what had beenbelieved to be a very difficult, if not im-possible, undertaking. For the sake of brev-ity I limit the account of this accomplishment to Acting President Burton's report ofit in his second convocation statement:At the request of the University, the Boardof Education of the Northern Baptist Convention, the corporation which in 1889-90 foundedthe University, at its meeting in Atlantic City,May 26, gave its consent to the revision of oneof the originai articles of incorporation of theUniversity. This originai article provided thatat ali times two-thirds of the trustees and alsothe president of the University should be mera-bers of regular Baptist churches.By the action of the Board of Education of theNorthern Baptist Convention ali restrictions on86THE STORY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO 87the choice of president will be removed, and theproportion of the trustees required to be Baptistswill be •changed from two-thirds to three-fifths,the total number of trustees being at the sametime increased to twenty-five. It is a matter ofgreat satisfaction to the University that thisaction was taken in a most friendly spirit, andthat the relations between the University andthe corporation which founded it are, if possible, more cordial than ever.The election of Dr. Burton as presidenton July 12, 1923, gave him new authorityand increased f reedom of action. One of hisfirst acts was to fulfil his promise to insti-tute measures for giving new advantages tothe undergraduates. Professor E. H. Wil-kins was made dean of the colleges, and thenumber of his assistant deans was increasedfrom five to ten The remuneration of thedeans was increased, each one giving doubléthe time and attention to the students as-signed to him that had been given before.Thus the students were to have four timesthe attention and assistance from their deansthat they had previously received. The deanscarne into more intimate association withthe students, giving them much needed ad-vice in the choice and pursuit of theirstudies. They became advisors and helpersin the difficulties and needs of college youngpeople outside the classroom. A new relationof understanding and sympathy and friend-ship between teacher and student was thusestablished, from which large advantageto the young men and women was confi-dently expected. To the brighter studentswho were ambitious to excel special attention and encouragement were given. Alithese things had two great results, amongothers: the number of dismissals for poorwork was greatly decreased, and the generalstandards of conduct and scholarship werehigher than ever before.During the Winter and Spring quartersof 1924 a new, extensive, and interestingexperiment was carried on. The betterunderstanding between the teaching staffand the undergraduates resulted in the sub-mission, late in the Autumn Quarter of1923, of some suggestions by the Seniorclass for improvement in college conditions.This was the quick student response to thenew interest manifested in their welfare. The response of the instructors was immediate, and "twenty-five faculty-studentscommittees were organized, each committeeto study one particular problem. The col-lective work of these committees was calledthe "Better Yet Campaign," the purposebeing that conditions of undergraduate lifeand work at the University of Chicago, already good, should by co-operative facultyand student effort be made better yet.Among the results of . the work of thiscampaign were the appointment of a director of publications and other student activi-ties, the establishment of a club for non-fraternity men, the appointment of studentrepresentatives to the board of student or-ganizations, and the reorganization of theHonor Commission. Stili more important,however, than the specific recommendationsresulting from this campaign, was establishment of a feeling of cordial acquaintanceand good will between faculty and students.One of the interesting activities of theyear was the scientific expedition to SantaCatalina Island, off the coast of California,to observe the eclipse of the sun in Septem-ber, 1923. This famous island was ownedby William Wrigley, Jr., of Chicago. Hegenerously gave the site for a camp 1,300feet above the sea, as well as the funds tomeet the expense of the expedition. ProfessorFrost of the Yerkes Observatory assembledin this camp, which was called Camp Wrigley, a staff of thirty-seven scientific menand women, including representatives oftwenty-five astronomical observatories andcolleges, and observations were conductedfor several wéeks.There were, altogether, in 1923, nineteengifts for research in as many different linesof investigation, aggregating more than$145,000. It was in the same year that Professor Tufts and Trevor Arnett were madevice-presidents as a part of the new forward-looking program. Mr. Tufts was to havespecial responsibility in education and Mr.Arnett in business, thus bringing the business administration into more intimate relation to the education. A great step inadvance was also taken in the practical dis-banding of the Reynolds Club, and the88 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEopening of the clubhouse and its advan-tages to ali the men students of the University without charge.These were some of the early accom-plishments of President Burton's'^programof advance. They did not stand alone. Asalready told, additions to the fund for theerection of the Theology Building werequickly obtained, the contracts were let,construction started in Jury, 1924, and thework pushed rapidly forward. This building promised to be one of the most attractivehalls in the quadrangles. The organizationof the Medicai School was vigorously ad-vanced. Important members of the teachingstaff were appointed. Plans initiated underPresident Judson were carried to com-pletion, and Rush Medicai College wasmade an organic part of the University andone of the two divisions of the MedicaiSchool, continuing its work on the west sideof the city in immediate contact with thegreat hospitals. On June 16, 1924, the 220members of the faculty of Rush becamemembers of the faculty of the University,and its students became students of theUniversity.It will be recalled that in 19 17 Mr. andMrs. Frederick H. Rawson gave the University $300,000 for the building of a medicai laboratory. President Burton pushed itserection so vigorously that work on it wasbegun in 1924, and, as I write, the RawsonClinical Laboratory is going up on the siteof the old Rush Medicai College buildingon the corner of South Wood and Harrisonstreets. Dr. and Mrs. Norman Bridge con-tributed $100,000 to add a fifth story to thefour stories originally contemplated, andthis floor will house the Norman BridgeLaboratories of Pathology. The buildingwas to cost about $500,000, and its founda-tion and walls were so solidly constructedthat two stories might eventually be addedto it to provide for the increasing needs ofthe Rush Postgraduate School.Meantime contracts were entered intowith the Otho S. A. Sprague Memorial In-stitute, of which Professor H. GideonWells, of the University faculty, was the director for dose co-operation. By the con- tract with Rush and other associated con-tracts, the University established co-operative relations with the Children's MemorialHospital, the Presbyterian Hopsital, theHome for Destitute Crippled Children,the County Home for Convalescent Children, the Central Free Dispensary and theJohn McCormick Institute.While ali these things were being accomplished the securing of additional funds wasnot neglected. New contributions and subscriptions for various purposes amounting to$528,550 were received in 1923-24.These concrete accomplishments of thefirst year of Dr. Burton's presidency wereamazing, but they do not at ali teli the storyof that year. They were merely the fore-shadowings, and in a measure the begin-nings, of a great program of advance which,in connection with the trustees and thefaculties, President Burton conceived anddeveloped, and for the achievement ofwhich the preparatory steps were taken.When the responsibilities of the presidencywere thrust upon him this question at onceconfronted Dr. Burton: "What is the taskof the immediate future?" The more he con-sidered this question, the greater grew hisconception of the task before the University.The conclusion on which president, trustees,and faculties carne to an agreement wasthis : the great task of the University in thenext sixteen years is to bring ali our work,in ali our departments and schools, up to thehighest level of efficiency more specifically,on the one hand, to give our students thebest type of education which we can provide ; and on the other, by research in everydepartment, to make the largest and mostvaluable contributions of which we are cap-able to human knowledge.It was f elt that the notable administra-tions of President Harper and PresidentJudson had prepared the way and createda demand for a period of which the key-words should be discovery and betterment— discovery of truth in every field, betterment of every phase of the University'swork. When the president and trustees setthemselves to the study of what this in-volved, they found themselves facing at theTHE STORY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO 89outset the imperative necessity of increas-ing the administrative and teaching staffs,and of erecting additional buildings.The loss of able and highly efEcient pro-fessors painfully convinced them of a thirdneed of the situation. At the opening of theUniversity in 1892, the policy of payingprofessors adequate salaries was adoptedand for a number of years these were fullyequal to, or a little higher than, those paidby the leading universities of the country.With the tremendous increase in the en-dowments of such institutions as Harvard,Yale, Columbia, and Princeton, and theliberal legislative provision made in recentyears for some of the state universities, thiscondition had been reversed. These institutions were now paying more adequatesalaries than the University of Chicago wasable to pay. To carry out the program ofadvance upon which the authorities had de-cided — to give to students the best type ofeducation they could provide and, by research in every department, to make thelargest and best contributions to humanknowledge of which the University wascapable — to carry out this program in anycomplete way, the president and trusteesfound that the scale of salaries of the facultymust be advanced and made adequate to thechanged conditions. These conditions, thehigher salaries paid by other institutions,combined with the high cost of living, madethis imperative.Emphasizing ali this was the task immedi-ately in hand of organizing and gettingunder way what was intended to be one ofthe great medicai schools of the world. Itsbuildings must be erected, and a faculty ofthe highest order must be secured. Forthe Billings Hospital and the Epstein Dis-pensary, to be built on the north side ofthe Midway Plaisance and west of EllisAvenue, a large sum was already available,together with the beginnings of an endow-ment fund. But great sums in additionWere needed to carry out the building program and endow the work of instruction.A careful survey of the twelve other di-visions of the University revealed needs inali of them which were imperative if the program of advance which President Burton and the trustees had determined onwas to be carried out. Athletics, to whichI have given too little space in this book,offers an illustration. President Burtondid not speak too strongly when he said,"Many a student has looked back on his college days with the feeling that athletics andMr. Stagg did more for him than any otherinfluence of his whole course." A generalpolicy in regard to athletics was adopted.The first step to be taken was the erectionof a field house north of Bartlett Gym-nasium, practically filling the space to Fifty-sixth Street. Later the grandstand was tobe extended along Fifty-sixth Street, andlater stili in a continuous line down theeast side of the field, making a U-shapedstand on the west, north, and east sides,with a seating capacity in the permanentstands of 5M90- It was understood thattemporary stands on the south side of thefield would increase the seating capacity tonearly or quite 65,000. This general program was to be inaugurated by taking immediate steps toward the erection of thefield house, and carried forward as rapidlyas financial considerations and the generalinterests of the University made possible.These plans for athletics illustrate the needsdiscovered in every division of the University.The general program of advance determined on, contemplated nothing less thanmaking the University not necessarily big-ger, but certainly better, not only than itis now, but than any University in the country now is ; indeed, the best that humanskill and intelligence and money could makeit. I have neither the knowledge nor thespace to present to my readers PresidentBurton's vision of the University of Chicago that is to be. I am writing a story ofthe past, not prophetic visions of the future.But I can write of what is going on aboutme in the present.The walls of the Theology Building andof the Rawson Laboratory are going up.The plans are made for the erection of theDivinity Chapel, the Billings Hospital, theEpstein Dispensary and other medicai build-90 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEings, the athletic field house, and thegreat University Chapel, "the centrai anddominant f eature of the Universitygroup."These buildings are, however, only the be-ginning of the building program which hasbeen determined on, to be carried forwardas fast as the funds can be found. Thebuilding program, like the program of advance in general, looks forward to 194°and beyond for its full realization.In his statement at the July, 1924, convocation President Burton, after presentingsome of the reasons which had moved thetrustees to attempt to realize this forward-looking program, said :The University recognizes that it faces anurgent demand for a great development of itswork of education and research, and that thisin turn calls for a large increase of financial re-sources. Thanks to the generous gifts of oureastern friends and of the citizens of Chicago, theUniversity's total resources today amount toabout $54,000,000. The studies of the last yearmake it unmistakably clear that to enable theUniversity of Chicago to make its contributionto the work of research and education which theuniversities of the country must undertake, to theresources which we now possess there ought tobe added within the next ten or fifteen years anequal amount, and that no small fraction of itshould come to us within the next two years.Further study of the immediate andurgent needs led the trustees to fix this "nosmall fraction" at $17,500,000, and toorganize and prosecute an effort to securethe subscription of this fund within theshortest possible time. The sum of $6,500,-000, it was hoped, would be raised forfurther endowment of the work of instruc-tion' and administration, and $11,000,000for buildings. The total of $17,500,000for endowment and buildings was a greatsum, but great as it was it did not includethe sums needed for the program markedout for the Medicai Schools.To house this School at the quadrangles, the trustees set aside two blocks west ofEllis Avenue, facing south on the MidwayPlaisance, and proposed to cover them withbuildings. By the vacation of InglesideAvenue these two blocks had been madeone block containing about nine acres. Itwas planned to put about $4,000,000 im-mediately into hospitals, laboratories, andother medicai buildings, and eventually todevote the entire nine acres to the buildingsof the Medicai School. As it was proposedto make the Medicai School second to noneanywhere, it was understood that othermillions of dollars must be found for theendowment of this work.I have given a mere glimpse of the program of advance worked out during the firsttwenty months of President Burton's administration. Perhaps however, it isenough to indicate how vast an undertak-ing the University was facing, and to revealthe exalted ideals that inspired it. Thepresident and trustees had risen to that de-gree of heroism that led them to venturee very thing in a supreme effort to make theUniversity of Chicago worthy of theGreater Chicago of which it was always tobe a part, and of the ever increasing bodyof alumni which was the Greater University.That their faith was not without reasonwas soon made evident by a subscription of$2,000,000 from the General EducationBoard for endowment, conditioned on theraising of $4,000,000 more from othersfor the same purpose. The trustees showedtheir faith by their works in immediatelysubscribing about $1,700,000 themselves.This was quickly increased to $2,000,000 bysmaller subscriptions from members of thefaculty, alumni, and others for endowmentand other purposes. A movement was organized among the alumni for a great offer-ing from the former students. The new erahad begun.BOOKl/3Our Empire-BuilderWilliam Rainey Harper, by Thomas Wakefield Goodspeed.Press. 224 pages. $2.50. University of ChicagoA MASTER hand has dealt with amaster subject — the subject, President Harper; the hand, that of Dr. T.W. Goodspeed. Here in brief compassa life of rarest quality and rarest achieve-ment is portrayed by a pen of remarkableability to make the great ones of the pastlive before our eyes. Every person whoknew William Rainey Harper, evéryonewho knew about him and his marvelouspersonality and great achievements, willbe glad to have a satisfactory biography ofhim. Dr. Goodspeed, in this his master-piece and final work, has bequeathed to usa book of priceless worth. There was noman in the world so competent as he towrite the biography that has just beenpublished in characteristically beautifulstyle by the University of Chicago Press.The many who knew and revered andloved him will feel a new obligation to thisgenial, young old man, who was intimatelyconnected with the University of Chicagolonger than any other person and who wasa familiar figure on the campus until oneyear ago. Likewise the many who had anytouch at ali, even indirectly, with the great tman who made the University and gave hislife to it will welcome this book.No doubt many men and women whowere in the University during PresidentHarper's time and many who in earlierdays studied under him at Yale or in Morgan Park, have wished to know about hisantecedents, his life as a man, as a scholar,and as a teacher, and the course of eventswhich placed him at^the head of the University of Chicago at the beginning of itsorganization. Ali this is told in the present narrative. Dr. Goodspeed has not explained President Harper — no one hasdone that, for he was too great a geniusto be explained. But he certainly has mostgraphically portrayed him. In two hun-dred and twenty-four pages that read likea romance, there are given the salient pointsof this remarkable life. It is surprisingthat in so brief a space so true a pen picturehas been produced. We get here just whatwe want, not a mere detailed recital ofevents but an appreciation, an interpreta-tion. We who knew President Harperpersonally are in his presence once more.We almost hear his voice in one of thosedignified, forceful convocation statements,or see him walking across the campus.The many scholars, also, in his specialfield of study, the Old Testament and theSemitic languages, who profited by his ré-searches and his methods of teaching, andthe educators in ali fields who caught theinspiration of his vision, will welcome abook which tells so concisely and yet soclearly about his *work. For PresidentHarper was not limited to his own specialty.To that specialty, indeed, he imparted newlife; he made the Hebrew language andresearch in the literature of the Old Testament and the cognate languages intenselyinteresting to those who studied with him.He also made the Old Testament fascina-tingly interesting to the intelligent lay public as well: rather say, he showed themhow interesting it is, so that they wereeager to study it. , As;;early as 1884 aprofessor in Yale University said, "Dr.Harper has done more to promote thestudy of the Bible than any other livingman." But he had also a wide vision ofthe educational field as a whole and a9192 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEclearer insight into its problems than mostmen of his time. His books and addressesand articles on educational subjects re-ceived wide attention and his methods wereadopted in many other institutions.William Rainey Harper was no ordinarypresident, no ordinary man. He was agreat man ; he was the greatest citizen thatChicago ever had. He was great in everyline in which conditions called upon himto act, and that too whether he had hadexperience in that line or not: in teachingan inspiration, in scholarship a comprehen-sive explorer of his field, in administrationa man of affairs, in public address a re-vealer of great and inviting fields of knowledge, in vision a prophet. And we mustadd what was said at the time of his death, "greatest of ali as a man and a friend,1*He was less than thirty-fìve years oliwhen, in a letter dated February 16, 1891he accepted the presidency of the Universityof Chicago. And the University, be itremembered, was not an institution alreadyin the running where he could follow beatetipaths already established. It was a university to be made, made de novo, and hemade it. Dr. Goodspeed well says, "Presi-dent Harper's educational pian may be seenat work in the University he created. Hewas a man of large views ... He believed inthe future of Chicago as one of the greatestcities on the globe and he planned and or-ganized a university that should grow withand be worthy of the city whose name itbore . . . His educational pian, novel,"A Man and a Friend"Mr. Gurney's favorite portrait of President Harper.BOOKS 93radicai, a great educational experiment,modified in some particulars but essentiallythe same, remained and promised to continuethe University's fundamental law. It wascharacteristic of the man that he hadworked out this pian for the University'sfuture before he accepted the presidency.He did not formally begin his term ofactive service for four months after hisacceptance; but when the time carne, Jury I,189 1, he had actually been serving the in-stitution in a most laborious and useful wayfor nine months, beginning on the very dayof his election in September, 1890." FromJanuary, 1891, to June, 1892, six bulletinswere issued outlining with much detail theorganization and the pian of work soon tobe put into operation. It is not too muchto say that practically every activity ofthe University today is contained in President Harper's originai pian. Other activi-ties are a naturai outgrowth from it.President Harper saw clearly that thestrength of an institution is in its faculty,and he brought together at the very out-set one of the strongest faculties in America, a body of educators and investigatorseminent in their respective departments,who already commanded the respect of theeducational world. "In ali the departments," says Dr. Goodspeed, "he sought themost distinguished scholars and teachershe could find. He did not hesitate toapproach the presidents of the higher institutions. There were eight of these in thefaculty of the first year and before thatyear was over this number was increased tonine. The more eminent a teacher was themore the President wanted him. He re-joiced in the growing reputation of membersof his faculties as though it were his own.Every distinction they received gave himpleasure, and he watched the developmentof growing scholars with ¦ joy and pride."This company of scholars, leaders in education, from different institutions, withwidely different educational backgroundsand professional outlooks, he united into aharmonious, devoted, enthusiastic facultyundertaking a great cause. An incidentalbut very important result was that as he caused them to catch the vision, to seethe greatness of the opportunità, his owngreatness of soul, his fine personal qualities,drew them into a devoted friendship, anintensity of affection seldom seen amongstrong men. Particularly dose to him wereProfessore Burton, Henderson, Hulbert,Judson, and Small — now, alas, ali gone.Two of them, Judson and Burton carriedon his ideals as second and third occupants,respectively, of the presidential chair.It must not be forgotten that PresidentHarper regarded himself primarily as ateacher, and he was a prince of teachers.He gave a full program of courses in hisown department throughout his entire career as president. He would rather teachthan do anything else. Exacting as werethe duties of administration, especially inthe early years, when organization w"as beingperfected and precedents were being established, he would not let himself be divertedfrom the work that he loved. Very oftenhe taught beginning courses as well asseminars. Of the three hundred and fifty-eight persons who had received the degreeof Doctors of Philosophy in the thirty departments up to the end of his last fullyear, twenty-four, including the very firstperson to receive this degree, were in hisdepartment and sixteen of these had carriedon their research under him.People who have come to the Universityin these later years cannot imagine the in-spiration, the romance, the very poetry ofeducation which formed the atmosphere ofthose early days. It seemed ali to emanatefrom the one great man, yet not becauseof any effort of his. Bright as his star wasit did not obscure the light of other lumin-aries in the institution. The personality ofPresident Harper cannot, of course, beadequately set forth to present day readers,but in the pages of this intensly interestinglittle volume one gets a very real impres-sion of it. His astonishing energy, his versa-tility, the joy he felt in hard work, thereadiness and effectiveness of his sympathy,his concern for everyone's welfare and ad-vancement, these and many other qualitiesunited in one remarkable person, are things94 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEwhich must needs grip the interest ofeverybody who begins to read this book.One of the greatest features of his lifewas the way in which he met death.Throughout the tragic suffering of hislast year his interest and his clearness ofmind did not decline with his waningstrength. He worked almost to the end.During the summer of 1905, within sixmonths of the end, while he was sufferingConstant and increasing pain, he taught fourcourses, three of them majors, one of these aseminar, the fourth a Sunday morning half-major. It is not to be wondered at that when the end carne flags were at naif-mast ali over the city and that other universities in various parts of the country heldmemorial services.The pen in the loving hand of Dr. Goodspeed was laid aside by his death before thisbook was quite finished. The last thirty-two pages were added by the competenthands of his sons and so the story was com-pleted, for the benefit of every admirer, andof every member, past or present, of theUniversity of Chicago.Frederic J. GurneyGeneral Grant Meets a MercilessBiographerMeet General Grani, By W . E. Woodward. New York: Horace Liveright.(Reprinted from the New York Herald Tribune) $5.THE historian of the Civil War periodand afterwards has a hard time withhis heroes. They are a plain lot. Theirqualities are vague and the great forcesof a new age come tumbling forward withsuch irresistible drive that he is never certain whether men achieve or have achieve-ment thrust upon them. There is so muchof blunt force, so much of stumbling andcunning, so much of loss and gain, that alistandards for measurement become inadequate and justice is seldom done. Fewdefinitive biographies for the period havebeen or can be written.And no man of the lot was more plainthan General Grant or presents a greaterproblem. A West Point graduate whowas round-shouldered and slouchy; whodid "not march, nor quite walk," butpitched along "as if the next step wouldbring him on his nose." A man whofailed at everything he liked to do andsucceeded most at what he thoroughly dis-liked. He always was failing because hedeserved to, and yet, somehow, reaching thetop of both the military and politicai ladder.Without personal charm in youth or matu-rity — he even drank in solitude — he becamea nation's idol. He got on best with horses, acquired his best traits from them and roseto his few emotional heights in their defense.Like them "he f ought nobly for a noblecause without recognizing its nobility."Grant carne from a line of plain folkswhose history, like that of most Americans,"is an unbroken record of farming and pro-creation." His father was a successfultanner in a little Ohio town, and his mothera pious, stolid soul whose only commentwhen her son carne home from the war was,"Well, Ulysses, you' ve become a great man,haven't you?" The greater part of his lifewas one of drifting with blind chance de-ciding matters. Even his name was fixedby accident. A drawing of lots gave himthe "Ulysses," to which was prefixed thefar more appropriate "Hiram." The ini-tials H. U. G. printed upon his trunk sug-gested the improvement which he made atWest Point, where he registered as "UlyssesHiram Grant" ; and the fertile brain of hisCongressman was responsible for the "Ulysses Simpson" form by making his appointment read that way.His father determined to make him intoa tanner, but the smeli and sight of blood onthe hides sickened the lad and the father,forthwith, began to prepare him for WestBOOKS 95point. He hated the Military Academy,wished that Congress would abolish it;hated the whole business of soldiering, forwhich "he possessed absolutely no naturaitalent" and seems to have given little attention to the training offered; he lost thesergeantship given him in his junior yearand finished the course a private as he hadbegun. He wanted to enter the cavalry, butwas sent out to a dreary existence at theinfantry posts. He emerged in the Mexi-can War — a struggle that he thought wasentirely un just, mainly to conduct wagon-trains, "make and move tents and blankets,pots and pans" — and to acquire the habit ofdrinking until he was dead drunk. Withpeace he returned to the military posts, butwas soon out of the army because of habitualindulgence in his late war acquirement.But Grant was not dismayed. For thefirst time in ali his life he was free to determine his own course. He could now becomethe farmer he had always dreamed of being. He could have his horses. Fortu-nately, just before the Mexican War he hadacquired a wife — not that he was in love inany romantic sense, but simply because itwas the thing for grown ups to do. And hisfather-in-law had lands in Missouri andfathers-in-law often find it easier to givelands to be farmed than to support theirchildren. On an eighty-acre tract near St.Louis the military failure, who had bythis time become father to four children,settled down to the other part of the tradi-tional Grant procedure. But he was not cutout for a farmer, nor for real estate, whichhe tried next, so he turned his face as a sortof charity partner to the tannery of his twoyounger brothers in Galena, 111. Here theCivil War days found him, unknown, un-happy and unprofitable.With the cali for volunteers Grant madeuse of his military training to prepare thecompanies of his district for service, only tofind others he had trained elected as officers.When the troops marched away there wasnothing to do but to f ollow after them alone,and without place, and to offer his servicesat the State Capitol. A few weeks of hum-He service in the offices or at drilling troops, and Fate, who had found him unable tocare for himself, again took him under hercare.Democratic politics required that in theassignment of military officerships each district must be favored. Congressman Wash-burne, of the Galena district, must havehis share, even though there was no one fitto receive the appointment. It was thusthat Grant unexpectedly found himself abrigadier general. And now the Grant oihistory begins to emerge. The few talentswhich he possessed began to find a field inwhich to function. There were in the Westcertain plain material tasks to be done — -tasks which called for no imagination orbreadth of vision; they required only apounding energy and a mechanical understanding. So between fits of torpor and evenspells of drunkenness Fort Henry and FortDonelson fell, disaster at Shiloh was escapedand Vicksburg captured. There were strik-ingly uneven talents shown on the diff erentfields and sometimes even grave weaknesses.At Fort Henry, Grant was alert and'aggres-sive ; at Donelson he was slow on the sceneand his action open to serious objections; atShiloh he was "the dullard who sits downand waits" ; while at Vicksburg he was as-tonishingly active and efflcient. The reason,Mr. Woodward believes, lay in the dif-ference in the problems presented. Wherestrategy was called for or the ability toinspire men he failed ; where plain problemsof transportation or simple drive were required he succeeded. Grant was a man oflimited abilities, but within his limits he wasa master. At any rate, he had taken thefirst fundamental moves toward nationalsuccess in war and had carried them to com-pletion. He had become a national figureand his terse words had become a people'sepigrams.He was called to Chattanooga just in timeto receive credit for the victories at Mis~sionary Ridge and Lookout Mountain,which in truth belonged to one W. F.Smith and to the virile soldiers who actedwithout orders, and then on to the Eastjust when the war was old enough to havehardened people to the human losses in-96 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEcident to a campaign conducted withoutstrategy and only on the pian of using numbers to wear down a more brilliant foe.Grant won in the Wilderness, if you caliit winning, by going ahead when the checksand losses he had received would normallyhave demanded a turning back It was indeed fitting that Grant should havecome to meet Lee at Appomattox, "dustyand rather frowzy" in appearance, stainedflannel shirt and ali. He had not had timeto change his clothes.Peace made the military hero a fit candidate of the Republican party for the Presidency of the United States .....He showed a wisdom rare in not makingcampaign speeches, and in 1868 was sweptinto the Presidency.And here again it is the same old story.He had to do what he had neither talentnor liking for doing. There could be butone result amid the moral relaxation of afterwar times and the stirring days in whichthe modem urban-industrial America wasemerging. Mr. Woodward makes no effortto explain away the countless scandals ofthe administration, and offers only the sameold excuse — unfitness. Nor does he addanything to the story of Grant's ventures inWall Street. It was again a case of a manwho was out of place, who should neverhave been there. There is no defense forthe man who through the cupidity of otherscaused those who relied on him to suffer. Grant as President and as business manwas a failure — a failure because he was un-fitted for either place and because the kindfates which had watched over his careerand more than once picked him up as a failure and set him on a road that he did notunderstand, now deserted him.The historian will accept this volumeas it deserves to be accepted; as one morepopular biography. Mr. Woodward's storyof the man Grant is as well done as it canbe without looking into other than second-ary accounts, but there are far too manyerrors in both fact and interpretation tomake it a standard work. The MissouriCompromise applied only to the LouisianaPurchase, not to the whole West ; the Mexi-can War can hardly be viewed as a prò-slavery scheme; the forces behind DavidWilmot and his proviso are well understoodtoday; just what the Dred Scott decisiondid imply is hardly so clear as Mr. Woodward thinks. But the general reader willnot be interested in shortcomings. He willbe charmed by the clear thumbnail sketchesof Lee, Rawlins, Sherman and others, andhe will delight in the numerous clever bitsof writing that are to be found in ali partsof the book. Above ali, he will find aninterestingly written story of the man Grantand his times, and will perhaps understandbetter this disillusioned countryman whoshufRed about in war and peace as the fatesdictated. Avery Craven*A Modem MaelstromThe Torches Flare, by Stark Young.New York: Scribners. $2.50.GREENWICH VILLAGE yawningthrough smoke-hazed days, pulsingthrough jazz-maddened nights — amateursstalking the public for footlight fame — im-pressionistic artists splashing endless yardsof canvas with personality — thus NewYork's self-existent Bohemia surges in StarkYoung's The Torches Flare. Halfwaythrough the book this purple-splotched arti-ficiality sobers to a morning, noon, and nightexistence on the banks of the Mississippi. But despite the scenery change, there isno change in the characters. They neverdevelop into vital realities. Rather, theyare ideas moving in a plotted world. StarkYoung's conception 'of beauty is EleanorDandridge. Beautiful to the point of tooabsolute perfection, this Mississippi maidenwithout effort charms her way to overnightfame in a New York theatre. Thentranced by a great love for a chance* Associate Professor of History.BOOKS 97acquaintance, Arthur Lane, she becomeseven less of an entity. She leaves the stageand her future for a fevered present withArthur in Mississippi, a present which toosoon fades to an empty past. At no timedoes Eleanor assume any dynamic qjuality.She is always merely a gentle undercurrent,a lovely shadow.Even less real is Henry Boardman, thepivot character, for this is a first personnovel and he is the first person. First,last, and foremost, he is ever present withan eye out for every detailed degree ofatmosphere and emotion. Alarmingly passive, he watches Eleanor's love affair,analyzes it, sprinkles it with philosophy, andserves it to the reader. When Eleanor re-turns to Mississippi with Arthur, HenryBoardman accompanies her, and there whenher romance shatters, he comforts her.Obviously, Henry Boardman is an intellectual character. He is Stark Young phil-osophizing on ali the highways and bywaysof life, art, and letters. He is conversanton any subject from John Galsworthy toEugene O'Neill, Eleanor Duse to MaryPickford, the old Italian masters to themost radicai of the Cubists.. Even Swin-burne, Sophocles, Plato, and Dostoievskymake a casual appearance. Intellectually, Henry Boardman is a colossal figure.Emotionally, he does not exist, and there-fore as a life character he fails.In extreme contrast is Judie Boyle. Herlife, wholly emotional, is jazzed with briefintense pleasure. Sharply unlike Eleanor,this vagabond of Bohemia brims her partin The Torches Flare with energy and spirit.Curiously enough, the minor charactersin the story are the most humanly consistent.Eleanor's father in his role of Southerngentleman, never once steps out of character. Her two old aunts are true daguerre-otypes, delightfully quaint, while Eugene Oliver, Eleanor's thwarted boy lover,commits suicide in the very latest frontpage newspaper style.The style of The Torches Flare is itsgreatest asset. Stark Young's vocabulary isglowingly effective. He has mastered theartistry of description as well as the verveof modem speech. Coupled with this is alightness of touch and charming sense ofhumor which give an otherwise soggytheme a gratifying sparkle and brilliancy.The Torches Flare, by Stark Youngpulses a heightened glow over the frothedmaelstrom of modernity.Eloise Tasherm mv opinionBy Fred B. Millett,Assistant Professor of EnglishIT IS irresistibly tempting to set overagainst each other the latest volumes ofour distinquished women-poets, Edna St.Vincent Millay and Elinor Wylie. Thesevolumes, published within a few months ofeach other, demonstrate at once the richnessof current American poetry and a diversityof endowments and talents. A like diversity in reputation makes it profitable to in-quire why Miss Millay should have reacheda far larger audience than Mrs. Wylie. Thesecret lies, I fancy; in the beguiling diver- gence of the two women, in personality andartistry.In one sense of the word, Miss Millay isfar more American than Mrs. Wylie. Hernature is open and eager; her enthusiasmfor life is undiminished by her awareness ofthe impermanence of love and the imminenceof death ; she wears her heart on her sleevefor sentimentalists of the newer sort togape at. She is, to be sure, free from theunabashed sentimentality, the too rosyoptimism of the great magazine-consuming98 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEpublic. The sweetness of her generous feel-ings is modified by the acidities of disillu-sionment and courageous intelligence. Buther gestures are in the main those of accep-tance : she faces willingly both the beginningand the end of love; she cannot hold lifedose enough; she almost domesticates death.If Mrs. Wylie is American at ali, she isan American aristocrat : her favorite gestureis withdrawal. Like the true fastidiousintrovert, she looks upon life and love, andfears their ardors. Amidst oppressive cir-cumstance, nothing is so fixed and satisfy-ing as the sense of her aloof, inaccessibleidentity. Thus, she is able to write,"My soul, be not disturbedBy planetary war ;Remain securely orbedIn this contracted star."She is not incapable of feeling, though theunfeeling mighr think her so. Yet herdeepest interest in things is intellectual.Spider-like, she weaves webs out of the"clean, involved precision" of her mind ;the threads are as light as silk and as strongas steel, and little she cares that the patternis too intricate for the perception of therunning reader.This public prying into feminine char-acters would be unchivalrous were it notthat both ladies happen to be poets. Andthe divergence in their natures produces astrikingly parallel difference in their artistry. Both are excellent, sometimes ex-quisite technicians, yet each has wroughtfor herself a personal, distinguishable style.Where Miss Millay's poetic manner is rel-atively simple and open, Mrs. Wylie's isintricate and complex. From Miss Millay'spoems the thought and feeling ring outlike clear bells ; in Mrs. Wylie's, the emo-tion, almost transmuted into thought, isexpressed in severely compressed and con-densed imagery. Miss Millay's poetry hasthe naturalness of flowers and wind and fire ;Mrs. Wylie's, the unnatural beauty ofPersian rugs and damascened steel.If The Buck in the Snow (Harper, 1928,$2.) has proved slightly disappointing toMiss Millay's multitudinous admirers, it isalmost certainly because it is the product of a period of experiment. She seems tohave wearied of the technique perfected inearlier poems, and to be striving for a newstyle. The poem, "Moriturus," with whichthe volume opens, has the short deft lines,the pungency, the effective colloquialism ofher earlier lyric manner. To sòmereaders, this may seem the most successfulof the poems in the book. It is probablyless significant of her developing powersthan those poems wherein she is striving formastery over long swinging lines or thebroken rhythms of free verse. Frequently,these experimental poems are marred bydistinctly prosaic rhythm and phrasing, as:"How they conversed throughout the after-noon in their monotonous voices never fora moment stili," or:"Mingling the brilliant pigments, paintingyour intersecting planes you stand."Occasionally, there appears a rhythm remi-niscent of Whitman:"Mournfully many times its patternedshards piecing together and laying aside."The title poem and "Dirge Without Music"use this new melodie line most successfully.Even finer are the f ree-verse poems, inspiredby the Sacco-Vanzetti case: "Justice Deniedin Massachusetts," and "Wine From TheseGrapes."The contents of Mrs. Wylie's volume,Trivial Breath (Knopf, 1928, $2.50), areas distinguished and beautiful as its outerform. The ballad-like "Peter and John"and "A Strange Story" might have beenwritten by a slightly more acrid MissMillay. More characteristic of the authorare the bafHing intricacies of "Minotaur"and "Tragic Dialogue." Her penchant forthe decorative, usually more apparent in herprose than in her verse, comes out in theexquisite, if slightly lifeless, "Miranda'sSupper." Perhaps the most powerful ofthe poems in this volume are those whichexpress most directly Mrs. Wylie's personalscheme of values, her immensely thoughtful"criticism of life" in "Confession of Faith,""True Vine," and "Address to My Soul."While such poems are being written, American poetry can face the world with assur-ance.W$t ®ntòet£ttp of Cfncago jfflaga?tneEditor, Allen Heald, '26Business Manager, Charlton T. Beck, '04EDITORIAL BOARD: Commerce and Administration Association — Rollin D. He-mens, '21 ; Divinity Association — C. T. Holman, D.B., '16; Doctors' Association — D. J.Fisher, '17, Ph.D., '22; Law Association — Charles F. McElroy, A.M., '06, J. D., '15;School of Education Association — Lillian Stevenson, '21 ; Rush Medicai Association —Morris Fishbein, 'ii, M.D., '12; College — Roland F. Holloway, '20; Faculty — FredB. Millett, Department of English.Donald P. Bean, '17, Chairmanere^crs & commeu^tTHE educational scheme to which theUniversity is committed requires astudent body selected with rigorous care.The Chicago student has valu-Athletics aD}e equipment at his disposai.and the Experienced professors t e a e hAlumni many of his courses and advisehim personally upon his educational pian. Responsibility for his education rests largely on his own shoulders. Wecannot afford to waste such resources andsuch opportunities upon students whoseability has not been proved in secondaryschool or scientifically tested.As might be expected, promising athletessometimes fail to meet the necessary requirements. More are frightened away.The University 's educational program isundeniably a handicap to athletic victory.For thirty-four years Chicago has put upa masterful fight against these odds. Agreat coach, an able staff of assistants anda vigorous student spirit, have been factorsin our favor. Athletes have braved theRecorder 's Office and have achieved recordsin the classroom as well as on the field.Odds against Chicago's athletic standingare particularly heavy just now. A losingstreak in football, a slight increase in en-trance requirements, strange rumors (nowdiscredited) about the University's policy—such clouds obscure our hope-filled western skies. Athletic standing, in our opinion, has lessinfluence than it is generally thought tohave upon the intelligent youth trying toselect a university. Nevertheless, it hassome weight. Research is a more interesting story than football; but it is also alonger story, and one that the high schoolstudent is less likely to hear. Football stilitakes the lion's share of newspaper space.The alumni are in a position to showhigh school seniors the other side of thepicture. They can reveal the University,not as a habitat of bookworms and backnumbers, but as an outpost of knowledge— a place that has no patience with worn-out ideas — an adventure in research sharedin by scholars and undergraduates alike:Compton, Breasted, and Michelson, aremore exciting rushing-arguments than Eby,McLain, or "Frosty" Peters.Alumni who wish to strengthen sucharguments have an excellent opportunitythrough financing Junior College HonorScholarships. These scholarships, by pro-viding for alumni help in selecting the win-ner, will recruit more alumni to the work;by paying two years' tuition, they will bringthe University within the reach of morestudents.With alumni aid, the student body atChicago will remain vigorous despite theathletic jinx.99ALUMNITHE University of Chicago Club ofStillwater, Oklahoma, met at the College Shop on November 16. A four coursedinner was served in which the color schemeof maroon and white was used.The meeting was presided over by Dr.Watt Stewart who led in the singing ofthe Alma Mater and an introduction ofthose present. Statements made by each asto his or her birthplace revealed the factthat fourteen states were represented.Talks on "Chicago" were made by Dr.H. G. Bennett, President of Oklahoma Ag-ricultural and Mechanical College, and Dr.William Fenn DeMoss, Head of the Department of English at Oklahoma A. & M.Members who were present are: R. O.Whittenton, Herman W. Smith, FlorenceD. Schertz, G. A. Lackey, Mrs. G. A.Lackey, W. F. DeMoss, Ina Pemberton,Evelyn Gardiner, Cecil Williams, MyrtleWilliams, Ruth Coyner, Watt Stewart, C.H. McElroy, John McCormick, EmmaChandler, George B. McCowen, Dr. Otto AFFAI R SH. Friedemann, J. Franklin Page, M. R.Chauncey, V. G. Heller, R. G. Saxton,Grace Fernandes, R. P. Marple, E. E.Harnden, Anna Reta Todd, J. R. Campbell, Winifred Staten, Bee Chrystal, TheoLowery-McKee, Joseph Ireland, E. S. Mc-Cabe, Walter Urbach, 'Mable Caldwell.Very truly Yours,Mable Caldwell,Secretar y-Treasurer.« « «The Milwaukee Alumni Club held aluncheon on November 8 in connection witha meeting of the Wisconsin State Teachers'Association. Professor I. N. Freeman ofthe School of Education was the speaker.« « «Professor R. L. Lyman of the School ofEducation addressed the South DakotaAlumni Club at a meeting held on November 26 in connection with a conventionof the South Dakota State Teachers' Association.The Football SeasonBy Victor Roterus, '29WHEN on the dismal Saturday after-noon of Nov. 17, Zuppke's Illinoisteam, traditional Maroon foe, first ran oneChicago end and then the other throughrain and mud to pile up a 40-0 victory,the 1928 football season of the Staggmencarne to a fitting dose. In a schedule of •eight games the Maroon varsity failedto win a single conference victory, andmanaged to triumph but once over non-conference opponents. Scoring but onetouchdown in conference play and unableeven to retard their opponents' rushes, theteam went through perhaps the mostdisastrous season of Stagg's 37-yearregime.On the first day that Stagg's 1928 athletes were on exhibition, Sept. 29, the fans wereled to expect the worst; for in a double-header an obscure South Carolina elevenjolted the Varsity 6-0, while little Riponcollege smothered the scrubs 12-0.The next week, however, the veteranbackfield from whom much had been expected seemed to have struck its stride whenit disappointed Wyoming and a cowboyband by piling up 47 points while the west-erners were helpless. Later on in theafternoon the second stringers ended Maroon victories for the season by nosing outLake Forest 3-0 through Cassel's place-kick. In the first game backs Mendenhall,Libby, Leyers, Raysson, Van Nice andBurgess ran wild.ALUMNI AFFAIRS 101Chapel, University of Chicago. Bertram Q. Qoodhue Associates, Architects.Léonard Construction Co., Buiìders.Beauty that only NaturaiLimestone cari giveFOR such a building as this new Chapel, A vast deposit and improved productiononly naturai stone could do full justice methods make Indiana Limestone practi'to the architect's design. Indiana Limestone cable for everybuilding purpose at moderatewas chosen because it was ideal for the cost. Let us send you an illustrated book'purpose. It is a fact that the limestones of let showing college buildings built of thiswhich the great cathedrals of Europe are wonderful stone. Or a booklet showingbuilt, are not ofso fine and durable a quality residences. Address Dept. 819, Serviceas this limestone from southern Indiana. Bureau, Bedford, Indiana.INDIANA LIMESTONE COMPANYQeneral Offices: Bedford, Indiana' Executive Offices: Tribune Tower, Chicago102 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEIowa, with a beefy eleven that spokewell for the fattening qualities of that state'scorn and headed by a 208-pound Indianfullback, opened the conference season onStagg field rather inauspiciously for theStaggmen on Oct. 13. McLain, the Chero-kee who was the leading scorer in thecountry while with the Haskell Indians afew years ago, had on his fighting paint thefirst quarter, and before the Maroons rea-lized they were in a football game, he and anIowa team that whooped in his wake hadscored two touchdowns and an after-touch-down goal kick. And though there was agreat deal of whooping on both sides inthe remaining three quarters, the scorefor the game ended 13-0; and Iowa hadachieved its first football victory over theMaroons since the fall of 1900. But Maroon tradition and history were due formany other and much more distressingbumps before the season was over.The next week the Varsity went toMinneapolis and there helped the Gopherscelebrate Homecoming day by succumbingto a 33-7 defeat. The Iowa game had leftits mark on many of the Maroons, andagainst the Gophers the crippled team putup a gallant fìght in the first half, but inthe second they withered away before thelineup of Nagurski, Hovde, Kakela, Pul-krabeck and Ukkelburg.Purdue, with one of the best teams inits history and with fire in its eye, soughtsolace for its decades of defeat from theteams of Stagg on Oct. 27, and found abalm on Stagg Field in the form of an over-whelming 41 to o victory over its age-oldoppressors. The fleet-footed efrorts ofWelch, Caraway and Harmeson aided im-measureably in the turning of this worm.This was a hard dose to take, but theStaggmen worked long and hard underthe arc-lights for the game with Penn. Formoments of that game the Maroons func-tioned as a football team should, but the inevitable and costly errors that markedtheir play during the entire season finallysucceeded in giving another game away.With the score 13-13, Penn took the kick-off, and on the first play passed over thesafety man's head for the winning touch-down.Nevertheless hundreds of Chicagoansfollowed the team to Madison the nextweek primarily for the sake of a trip, butnevertheless hoping against hope that theMaroons would, in some way or another,burst into a victory. On Randall fieldwith a couple of minutes of the first halfleft, with the ball on the one-foot lineand first down for the Maroons, andWisconsin leading 6-0, it seemed thatthe wildest of these hopes might come true.But here when in a huddle ten players for-got their positions, imagined that they wereali quarterbacks, and, after much expositionand argumentation, ali eleven players talkedthemselves hoarse and ten yards furtheraway from the goal-line for delaying thegame ; and the last chance to win the gamewent glimmering away. An alumnus, '11,expressed the sentiment of the entire Chicago following at this juncture in terse andexplicit language when he arose from hisseat and said, "Oh hell!" The next halfthe Badgers completed the devastation ofthe demoralized Maroons, and won out25-0.The following Saturday Illinois gave theMaroons their final kick in the pants whilesome 45,000 sat underneath rain-protectingumbrellas, newspapers, and oil-cloth pieces.Major letters were awarded CaptainWeislow, who was out the entire conferenceseason with an injured leg, Toigo, Cush-man, Smith, Froberg, Cassel, Kelly. Jer-sild, Small, Stickney, Garen, Libby, Bur-gess, Proudfoot, Weaver, Mendenhall,Spence, Raysson, Leyers, Priess and Krogh.Pat Kelly, end, was elected captain forthe 1929 season.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 103LÉONARDCONSTRUCTIONCOMPANYENGINEERS and CONSTRUCTORSCHICAGO NEW YORKGENERAL CONTRACTORS=FOR=THE UNIVERSITY CHAPELCOMPLETE SERVICE INALL OF THE AMERICASNEWS OFTHE CLASSESAND ASSOCIATIONSCollegeA MODERN PlRATE STORYNathanial Peffer, 'li, and Mrs. Pefferwere under fire in an attack by thirty-twoChinese upon a British river steamer onthe night of November 3.The steamer, the Shasi, was enroute toShanghai. The attack took place off thecoast of the Japanese concession near Han-kow.Firing pistols, the Chinese, who posedas deck passengers, rushed the bridge, over-powered the captain and locked him,' hiswife and two children in their cabin. Thenthey overpowered Uve other foreigners,including Mr. and Mrs Peffer. Pefferis a journalist, study ing in China on aGuggenheim fellowship. Henry Henvis,another American, import manager of theCale Company, Hankow, was wounded. .The pirates removed $20,000 in lootand departed in a launch which drew upalongside. The Shasi returned to Hankow.<» « «A Chicagoan Campaigns for HooverMrs. Alice Heald Mendenhall, A.B. '12,D.B., A.M. '14, gave the presentationspeech for Herbert Hoover on his visit toWest Branch, Iowa, August 21. About15,000 persons were present; the otherspeakers included Senators Capper andBrookhart and various Congressmen.Later in the campaign, Mrs. Mendenhallwas sent by the Republican National Com-mittee to speak in six doubtful states, andto give radio addresses.« «' «'08— Edward G. Felsenthal, J.D. 'iohas been made a vice-president of the Hart-man corporation 144 So. Wabash Ave.Ex-' io — Elma Ehrlich Levinger hasher tenth children's book ready for publication, "Wonder Tales of Bible Days." '11— LeRoy E. Cowles, A.M. '14, Professor of School Administration and Director of Secondary Training at the University of Utah has just finished a one yearterm as president of the Utah EducationAssociation.'11 — Edna M. Phillips is Instructor ofMathematics in the Lindblom HighSchool, Chicago.'11 — William C. Crayer is now fieldsecretary for Shaw University, Raleigh, N.Carolina.'11 — Ali B. Mostron, 2980 Taylor Ave.,Detroit, Michigan, is head of the productiondepartment LaSalle Plant of the CadillacMotor Car Company.'14 — Julius B. Kuhinka, A.M. '16, isProfessor of English in Loyola University,Chicago, and head of the Department ofEnglish of the Chicago College of DentaiSurgery.'15—Avis Smith, 325 Tenth St., Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is Assistant Supervisorof Kindergartens in Milwaukee.'16 — Claude L. Williams formerly prin-cipal of the Drake School is now principalof Hookway Public School, Eighty-Firstand LaSalle Sts., Chicago.Ex-' 15 — Matilda Basinger who teachesat Senn High School, Chicago, is on Sabbatica! leave. She is taking a world cruiseon the Canadian Pacific "Empress of Australia."'16 — Mrs. Helen B. Eastman, principalof the Emmett School- in Chicago, spent thesummer in Paris and Switzerland. Shewill be abroad unti! next summer spendingsome time in Egypt, India, China, Japan,and the Philippine Islands.'17 — Albert F. Styles is acting as Dairyinspector for the city of Wichita, Kansas.104THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 105Section of Organ ScreenUniversity ofQhicago QhapelShop photograph of unfinishedwork as it stood in theliùood Qarving StudioaPUayers, eftCurray & Thillip^Bertram QrosvenorQoodhue cAssociatescArchitectsLll woodwork, fine cabinet work andwood carvings constructed and carved byAmerican Seating Company14 East Jackson Boulevard ' ' Chicago, IllinoisThe Law SchoolThe University of Chicago Law Schoolseems to be flourishing so far as numbersgo. There are now enrolled 442 studentsas compared to a final enrollment during thelast scholastic year of 420. Certain classesmeet in the basement of Rosenwald Hall,as it seems impracticable to handle so manystudents in the present building. It isagreed that the Law School needs an addi-tion in accordance with plans drawn at thetime the present building was erected.The members of the Faculty and thecourses given by each during the Autumnare as follows:Harry A. Bigelow, Professor of Law:Future Interests.George G. Bogert, Professor of Law:Personal Property (two sections) ; TrustsHenry W. Edgerton, Visiting Professorof Law: Torts (two sections).Ernst Freund, Professor of Law: Stat-utes.Edward W. Hinton, Professor of Law;Acting Dean: Remedies (two sections);Evidence; Seminar Course in Evidence.Stephen I. Langmaid, Visiting Professorof Law: Contracts I (two sections).*Floyd Russell Mechem, Professor ofLaw: Private Corporations.Ernst W. Puttkammer, Professor ofLaw : Trade Regulation.Kenneth C. Sears, Professor of Law:Partnership ; Bankruptcy.Frederic C. Woodward, Professor ofLaw; Acting President of the University.Arthur H. Kent, Associate Professor ofLaw : Constitutional Law I ; Taxation. William L. Eagleton, Assistant Professor of Law: Wills.Sydney K. Schifi, Assistant Professor ofLaw.There are two new names in the abovegroup. Mr. Edgerton was here during partof the Summer Quarter. He is spendingthe year with us on leave of absence froiriGeorge Washington University, Washington, D. C. He received his training in theUniversity of Wisconsin, Cornell, University of Paris, and Harvard. After a periodof practice in St. Paul and Boston he beganhis teaching in Cornell University LawSchool and from there he went to GeorgeWashington University. He has publishedarticles in the Harvard Law Review, University of Pennsylvania Law Review, andYale Law Journal. Among other thingshe is teaching Torts, which was long givenby the late Dean Hall.Mr. Langmaid, who last year was theActing Dean of the University of MissouriSchool of Law, had ali of his training atHarvard. He practised for a time in California and taught in the University of Montana and in Tulàne University. At presenthe is giving the course in Contracts I andwill give the course in Conflict of Laws.Mr. Claude W. Schutter, who was inpractice in the city and for a number ofyears has given courses in various subjectsat this school, has decided to go into theteaching profession. Accordingly he hasnow given up his practice and is a memberof the University of North Dakota faculty.Charles F. McElroyCommerce and AdministrationThe Sinking of the Vestris: Narrative of a SurvivorBy Cline F. Slaughter '25IT IS difficult to write much concerningthe sinking of the Vestris that has notbeen published in the various newspapersand periodicals throughout the country.However, I will try to give you the storyof the disaster as it appeared to me.A terrifìc storni broke Saturday night afterthe passengers had retired. When we awokeSunday morning it was almost impossible to move about on the ship without being hurledfrom one side to the other. Passengers, forthe most part, remained in their cabins ali day,very few even venturing as far as the diningsalon for their meals. Meals were servedregularly Sunday under the most trying conditions.My wife and I both slept fairly well Supdaynight and did not awaken until about 9 :oo Mon-day morning. The first thing I noticed ^asthe fact that my coat was standing alrhost^ * Professor Mechem died December io. An account of his career will appear in the riextissue.106THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 107Bertram G. Goodhue & Bertram G. Goodhue Associates, ArchitectsInterior of University of Chicago Chapel toward Chancel,showing vaulted ceiling of random size AKOUSTOLITHsound absorbing artificial stone, with special colored ceramicand gold borders to ribs and groins.R. GUASTAVINO COMPANY225 West 34th Street 40 Court StreetNew York City Boston, Mass.R. Guastavino Co. of Canada, Ltd.New Birks Building, Montreal, P. Q.io8 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEstraight out on the wall and that the floor ofthe cabin seemed to form a sharp angle withthe starboard wall. I finally succeeded in get-ting dressed after encountering numerous diffi-culties. My wife and I stayed in our cabinuntil about 10:00, not realizing that we were inany danger.At that time I stepped out to see what thetrouble was. One of the officers of the shipinformed me that there was nothing wrongbeyond a slight shifting of cargo and that wewere in no danger whatever. I returned toour cabin and remained there until about 11:30a. m., no one warning us in any way.The list of the ship seemed to be getting morepronounced so I decided to question the bed-room steward and get what possible informa-tion I could from him. He told us that regard-less of what the officers said, he thought thatthe ship was doomed and advised us both toput on our life-belts and get up on deck.We found most of the passengers and crewwith life-belts on standing around on the portside. The sun was shining and the sea com-paratively cairn — at least from a seaman's view-point. No one seemed excited and everydaymatters were discussed.By 12:00 noon it was apparent to ali thatthe ship would sink, but no one knew just howlong she would keep afloat. About 12:30 p. M.the Captain gave the command to lower thelife-boats. This was a very difficult task onthe port side as the list at that time must havebeen at least 380. About an hour was consumedin lowering the boat directly in front of us,but four or five boats on the port side werefinally lowered to within ten feet of the water.The command to enter the life-boats was givenabout 1:30 P.M., and ali women and childrenwere ordered to the starboard side of the vessel.This was the side nearest the water and I presume the Captain thought it would be easier tolaunch the boats from that side. After ali ofthe women and children (including my wife)had been taken to the starboard side, the menwere lowered into the boats on the port side.I afterward learned that one of the boats filledwith women and children had been smashed bya falling mast and that the other had capsized. Ibelieve that they were ali lost.Fortunately, my wife had not been put intoone of those boats. Second Officer Leslie Watsonhelped her back to the port side and lowered herinto the life boat which I had entered some fiveminutes before. He undoubtly saved her lifeand I shall be eternally grateful to him for hisact of heroism.We were ali waiting for the boat to be loweredwhen the Vestris started rocking violently andsuddenly turned over on her side in the water.We ali decided to jump from the lifeboat inorder to get free of the ship. I helped my wife out and we were walking along the side of theship hand in hand when the Vestris swept outfrom under our feet and went down. The sue-tion caused by the sinking of the ship separatecius, and when I finally carne to the surface I sawmy wife about two hundred yards away clingingto a piece of wreckage. I caught hold of a plank.The current drew us farther apart each moment.Second Officer Watson, who had jumped fromthe Vestris with the Captain as she went downcarne up within two feet of my wife and helpedher get a better position on the door shewas clinging to. We must have been in thewater ten minutes when I saw a life-boat headedin her direction. I felt sure that she had beenpicked up, since I did not see her in the wateragain after a big wave hit me and carried meabout fifty yards. It developed later that shewas in the water about two hours when a lifeboat picked her up.I shifted from one piece of wreckage to another during the next four hours and finallydrifted quite a distance from the scene of the dis-aster. Four life boats had passed me up and Iwas beginning to feel that death was not far off.But fortune favored me and I was picked upjust as darkness was beginning to settle over thewater.We kept the boat afloat ali night in a fairlyrough sea. A curious weather condition pre-vailed. It would rain or hail for ten minutesand then the heavens would clear and the starscome out for a similar period of time. Thesechanges in the weather occurred at least a dozentimes during the night.We sighted the searchlight of the AmericanSkipper about 3:00 A.M. and sent up a numberof flares to attract her attention. She finallypicked us up about 5:30 a.m., and landed us inNew York at 9 :oo a.m. Wednesday.We received wonderful treatment from theCaptain and crew of the American Shìpper andthey ali deserve unlimited praise for the mannerin which they rescued the five life-boats in astormy sea.My wife's boat was picked up by the Myriamabout 4:30 a.m. and she also reports exception-ally fine treatment from the Captain and crew.The Myriam arrived in New York at 1:00 A.M.Thursday, and my wife and I were reunitedwhen I met her at the pier.I will not state my opinion here as to themanner in which the situation was handled onthe Vestris. The present investigation will prob-ably fix the blame for the disaster, and anythingthat I might say regarding it would be mererepetition.I would like to take this opportunity to thankmy college friends for the many kind messageswhich we received from them. They did muchto cheer us up and make us forget the nightmare"we had just passed through.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 109Windows Furnished forUniversity of Chicago ChapelbyThe Tempie Art Glass Company318 W. Schiller StreetChicago, IH.GENERAL GLAZING CONTRACTORSDesigners and Manufacturers of Stained and Leaded Glass forChurches, Public Buildings and ResidencesWere These on YourCHRISTMAS WANT LIST?If not, you will want a copy now!Helm — Mary, wife of Lincoln • $4.00Erskine— Penelope's Man 2.50Swinnerton — A Brood ofDucklings 2.50O'Brien— Best Short Storiesof 1928 2.00DeKruif— Hunger Fighters ........... 3.00Garrison— Af firmati ve Religion 2.00 Fournier— The Wanderer $2.50Beebe — Beneath Tropic Seas 3.00Garland — Back Trailers from theMiddle Border .2.50Beard— Whither Mankind 3.00Sandburg — Good MorningAmerica 3.00Work— Auction Bridge forBeginners 1-00Postage 100 ExtraWe can get you any book in printOrder by Mail or Phone from theUniversity of Chicago BOOKSTORE5802 Ellis Ave.no THE UNIVERSITY OFAlbert Teachers' AgencyCollege Division25 E. Jackson Boulevard, Chicago535 Fifth Ave., New York CityFor forty-four years at the headof College and State Teachers'College placement service. Professore and Instructors sent byus to every State University. Menand women with advanced degreeswill find here what they want.Send for College booklet andCollege blank. Better stili, caliat our office.MOSERSHORTHAND COLLEGEA business school of distinctionSpecial Three Months' IntensiveCourse for university graduatesor undergraduates givenquarterlyBulletin on RequestPaul MoserJ. D., Ph. B.116 S. Michigan Ave. ChicagoUNIVERSITYCOLLEGEThe downtown department of The University of Chicago, 116 S. Michigan Avenuewishes the Alumni of the University andtheir friends to know that it offersEvening, Late After noon and Saturday ClassesTwo-Hour Sessions Once or Twice a WeekCourses Credited Toward University DegreesPublic LecturesDowntown at Art Institute, 6:45 to 7:45 P. M.For Information, AddressThe Dean, University College,University of Chicago, Chicago, II). CHICAGO MAGAZINERush'03 — Roger T. Vaughan's twelve yearold son, David Throop Vaughan wasselected as "Health Champion" of the CookCounty Grammar Schools for 1928. Dr.Vaughan is Surgeon and Medicai Super-intendent of Cook County Hospital, Chicago.'10 — Earle B. Fowler has removed hisoffice to the Pittsfleld Building, 55 EastWashington Street, Chicago."n — Robert D. Spencer practices Medicine at Piqua, Ohio.'16 — E. L. Mertz is located at 1104 Tal.cott Building, Rockford, Illinois.'io. — Clarence Fischer practices InternaiMedicine and Diagnosis at 413 JeffersonBuilding, Peoria, Illinois.'20 — Bruce H. Douglas is Superintend-ent of the William H. Maybury Sanato-rium (Detroit Municipal Tuberculosis San-atorium) at Northville, Michigan.MARRIAGESBIRTHS, ENGAGEMENTSDEATHSEngagementsJohn A. Krafrt '27, to Bernice M. Wal-ker.Homer D. Mitchell '27, to Ellan Mc-Michael of Rockford, 111.To John Ladner LL.B. '21, and Mrs.Ladner, a son, John Ladner, Jr., July 22,1928 at Tulsa, Oklahoma.MarriagesEsther S. Nelson, '20, M.D. '23, to Dr.Ward C. Alden, August 25, 1928. Athome Surf Hotel, Chicago.Chester C. Guy, '21, to Helen Smith,'27 Aprii 11, 1928. At home 1300 E. 5ÓthSt., Chicago.Harriette A. Cocks, '23, to .Park FieldKirk, June 29, 1928/At home 4932 Linden-wood Ave., St. Louis, Mo.Wilberna Ayres, '23, to Harold Moran,August 18, 1928. At home 2325 E. 70thSt., Chicago.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEQifts ofDistinctionU. of C. NoveltiesQreeting CardsNew BooksTypewriters1131 E. 57th StreetOPEN TILL NINEWOODWORTH'STEACHER PLACEMENTSERVICEFISK TEACHERS' AGENCY28 E. Jackson Blvd., Chicago.For many years a leader among teachers'agencies. Our service is nation wide.AMERICAN COLLEGE BUREAU310 South Michigan Ave., Chicago.A professional teacher placement bureau,limiting its field to colleges and universities.EDUCATION SERVICE811-823 Steger Bldg., Chicago.A bureau chiefly concerned with theplacement of administrative officiate.such as financial secretaries, businessmanagers, treasurers, registrars, direct orsof Red Cross work, etc.The above organizations are under the management of C. E. Goodell, for nine yearspresident of Franklin College, Ind., andMrs. Bertha Smith Goodell, for thirteen yearssupervisor and teacher of English in the HighSchool of Oak Park, 111.Paul H. Davis, 'uRalph W. Davis, '16 Herbert I. Markham, Ex. 'o6Walter M. Giblin, '23Paal RDavls &<90AMEMBERSNEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGECHICAGO STOCK EXCHANGE37 South LaSalle StreetTelephone Rana. 6280CHICAGO . JOHN HANCOCK SERIES •• • WIVES of • •BUSINESS MENTHE difference between office andhousehold economy often causes as-tonishment and confusion to businessmen. Their wives mean well, but as formethod — !The household budget is the answer.We have sent thousands of our budgetsheets to wives who have attacked thisproblem.To business men who care aboutordered and reasonable expenditure andsaving — that is, the introduction of business methods into the home — we rec-ommend the John Hancock Home BudgetSheet.Your locai John Hancock office will beglad to send you a copy, or one can beobtained by writing toINQUIRY BUREAUIjfe Insurance Company^or Boston. Massachusetts197 CLARENDON STREET. BOSTON. MASS.— SIXTY-FIFTH YEAR OF BUSINESS —THE J. M. HAHNTEACHERS AGENCYA Western Placement BureauElementary, Secondary, CollegeAlways in quest of outstanding educatorsfor important positions. Teachers with higher degrees in demand. Doctors of Phi-losophy urgently needed for college anduniversity positions now iisted.J. M. Hahn and Bianche TuckerManagers2161 Shattuck Ave. Berkeley, California112 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINELouella D. Arnold, A.M. '26, to Dr. V.R. Kaufman, Aprii 14, 1928. At home 114S. Drexel Ave., Detroit, Michigan.Louise Wietzer, '26, to C. E. John, May16, 1928. At home 212 N. Lincoln Ave.,Grand Island, Nebraska.Mildred Patterson '27, to Lewis D. Mc-Girr, September 24, 1927. At home 4655Lake Park Ave., Chicago.Lois E. Hensel '26, to Paul C. Mat-thews, J.D. '28, June 23, 1928. At home244 E. Pearson St., Chicago.George T. Coiman, Ph.D. '14 'to MyrthTHE YATES-FISHERTEACHERS' AGENCYEstablished igoóPaul Yates, Manager6l6-620 SOUTH MICHIGAN AVENUECHICAGOOther Office; 911-12 Broadway BuildingPortland, Oregon E. King, October 12, 1928. At home 615Cleveland Ave., Racine, Wisconsin.Minnie May Sweets '19, to Dr. C. S.Summers, December 24, 1927. At home309 E. Eighth St., Tulsa, Oklahoma.Niemeyer. At home 6120 Kimbark Ave.,Chicago.Doris E. Trevett, A.M., '25, to PaulH. Kellar. At home Orange, New Jersey.BirthsTo Lester R. Dragstedt, '15, Ph.D. '20,M. D. '21, and Mrs. Dragstedt, a son,Lester Reynold II, October 20, 1928, afeChicago.To John G. Sinclair '11, and Mrs. Sin-;clair (Margaret L. Hancock) '16, a!daughter, Ruth-Margaret, July 2, 1928, atMadison, Wisconsin.To Mr. and Mrs. Edwin D. Hale (FaithPrentice) '21, a daughter, Marjorie,March 27, 1928, at Oak Park, 111.To Dr. and Mrs. James B. Costen(Caroline E. Thompson) '22, a son, William Samuel Coston, September 1, 1928, atSt. Louis, Mo.To George E. Morris '22, M.D. '24,and Mrs. Morris, a daughter, Molly Ann,May 31, 1928, at Scottsbluff, Nebraska.To Frank L. Jenkins M.D. '27, andMrs. Jenkins, a son, September 6, 1928, atChicago.DeathsJacob Newman '73, September 29, 1928,suddenly while playing golf on the RavisloeCountry Club links at Homewood, IH.Mr. Newman was a well known corporation lawyer in Chicago.Jacob S. Kaufrman M.D. '75, August 7,1928, at his home in Chicago. Dr. Kauff-man, who was second Vice-President of theRush Medicai Alumni Association, wasthe father of Mrs. Herbert I. Markham(Lois Kaufrman) '08.Henry J. Fleischer '79, July 23, 1928, athis home in Des Moines, Washington.Abraham B. Rosenberry M.D. '83, July5, 1928, at Wausau, Wisconsin.Martha Klock '97, October 22, 1928, at342 Main St., Oneida, New York.The Clark and BrewerTeachers AgencyBREWER TEACHERS AGENCYFounded 1882CLARK TEACHERS AGENCYFounded 1885The Two Agencies United1926CHICAGO, ILL. KANSAS CITY, MO.Lyon & Healy Bldg . New York Life Bldg .MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. NEW YORK, N. Y.Globe Bldg. Flatiron Bldg.PITTSBURGH, P A. SPOKANE, WASH.433 Jenkins Arcade Chamber of CommerceBldg.Ali six offices are members of the National Association of Teachers Agencies.Enrollment in one office means permanent enroll-mentin ali the offices so far as enrollment fee isconcerned. There is no renewal fee.Our six offices blanket the country. Thousands uponthousands of teachers have secured through us increased salaries — better positions, more desirablelocations — ali that goes to make teaching worth while.May we not unlock the doors for you?N. B. — Ask us about the Brewer National Educational Directory, the only thing of its kind inprint, a listing of approximately 10,000 school ex-ecutives. It is of great value to the teacher making applications. Per copy, $1.00.Where working together is everythingAn Advertisement of theAmerican Telephone and Telegraph CompanyIt is the aim of the Bell System that anyone anywhere inthe country can pick up a telephone and talk to anyoneanywhere else clearly and without de-lay. That is the meaning of universalservice. To provide it, the means oftelephoning must be uniformly good.Each of the 24 operating companies ofthe Bell System has full access to alithe improvements and methods thatare continually being made.There are 5000 workers on the staffsof the American Telephone and Telegraph Company and the Bell Laboratories whose sole occupation is to de-velop constantly improving methodsand equipment for the 350,000 em-ployees of the Bell System to use in serving the public. The results of the efforts are evident,not only in the extension oftelephone service across theAtlantic, but in the constantly improving locai and long distance serviceat home.The very nature of the telephonebusiness necessitates a single intercon-nected system. The American Telephone and Telegraph Company ac-cepts its responsibility for a nation-wide telephone service as a publictrust.It is fundamental in the policy of theCompany that ali earnings after regu-lar dividends and a surplus for flnan-cial security be used to give more andbetter service to the public.A TYPICAL FOUR MANUAL SKINNER CONSOLETHE SKINNER ORGAN IN THE NEW CHAPEL,UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO'T'HE great organ in the Chapel of Chicago University was designed andbuilt by the Skinner Organ Company. It has already established itselfas one of the great organs of the world.HPHE Skinner Organ Company also builds organs, costing from eight thou.sand dollars up, for private homes. These organs play automatically withrolls as well as by hand. The same artistic excellence and mechanical reli-ability which characterizes the great Chapel organ is found in the SkinnerResidence Organs.SKINNER ORGAN COMPANYORGAN ARGHITEGTS AND BUILDERSCHURCH RESIDENCE AUDITORIUM UNIVERSITYSTUDIO, FACTORIES,677 Fif th Avenue, Dorchester, Mass.New York City. Westfleld, Mass.