VOL. XX NUMBER SMARCH, 1928j\1Y ADVENTURES AS A MEXICANBy Robert RedfieldWHAT IS LIGHT?By Arthur H. ComptonBOOKSLeMay, '22, Publishes a Western Story. Reviewed By James Weber Linn {(ggoTrader Horn Discussed by Mr. MillettA Collection of Chicago Songs. Gail Borden on Rare BooksI'. lJ B LIS nED n Y TIlE A L u l\J N 1 C 0 {J N ell.ChinesePaintingByJohn C. FergusonBeautifully illus­trated with fifty­nine plates in col­lotype, the bookinterprets for a modern, occidentalworld the paintings of an ancient,oriental civilization. $I2.50 New Essays by OliverGoldsmithEdited by Ronald S. CraneHere is a new Goldsmith first edition.Eighteen essays, printed anonymouslyin the eighteenth century, have beendiscovered, identified and publishednow for the first time under Gold­smith's name.Leather, $10.00SuicideByRuth Shonle CavanDr. Cavan has usedsta tisti cs spa r i n g I yand has concentratedon an analysis of in­dividual cases. Herbook is a very humanchapter in the fieldof social psychology.$3.00 1'-/\ MAN once owned11 the verv latest novel.There was n'bthing wrongI with it; in fact, it wasa very good novel. Butthe man felt that it didnot completely satisfy hissporting desire to keep upwith the times. For hehad heard, in a vague way,tint in all fields of know­ledge a great many newthings were constantly be­ing discovered. For thisman, and others -like him,these books, and others likethem, are being publishedbyThe University ofChicago PressThe ChangingCollege Cloth, $3.0()J E SUSA New BiographyByShirley Jackson Case"An accurate portrait,a magnificent portrait,a very human portrait... "- E. F. Edgettin the Boston Ez'enillgTranscript. $3.00XVIIth Cen ..tury LyricsEdited byA. C. Judson". excellently con-ceived and handled ... one of themost valuable and pleasing compi­lations that have appeared In sometime."-New York Herald Tribune.$2·5°ByErnest H. WilkinsThe views of the President of OberlinCollege upon many of the currentproblems of university and college.$I·5°The American Philos ..ophy of EqualityBy T. V. SmithWherein Mr. Smith sets out to rescuefrom oblivion whatever truth theearlier doctrine of equality contained.03.00The Natural History ofRevolutionBy Lyford P. Edwards"This is a brilliant and absorbing recital ofthe clinical history of violent social change."-New York Times. $3.00 Plays for Three PlayersByCharlesRannKennedyTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE.See Stagg'sInterscholasticIf the home town team is in the running, or if it isn't-comesee the Basket-ball Interscholastic. See the cream of the nation'shigh-school teams fight for supremacy in three days of fast andfurious basket-ball.Perhaps you know some boy who's playing-perhaps yourboy is playing. Better come with him. You'll have the addedopportunity of meeting old college friends-visiting the oldhang-outs. You'll have the time of your life!And your Chicago trip will be even more enjoyable if youmake Hotels Windermere your headquarters. Only a fewblocks from campus and fraternity row, and only ten minutesfrom the loop. The excellent cuisine- the cordial service-theatmosphere of refinement-all that made the Hotels Winder­mere famous when you were in school-are still here.Whether your Chicago stay is one night or a thousand nights,a hearty welcome awaits you.inder-rner-e"CHICAGO'S MOST HOMELIKE HOTELS"56th Street at Hyde Park Boulevard _' Phone Fairfax 6000500 feet of verandas and terraces fronting southon Jackson ParkOfficial Hotel Intercollegiate Alumni Extension Service 237THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE"I'm glad you 'phoned me,jim!"Of course he is happy about it. And any classmate of yours will be de­lighted to have yo� phone him when you are in his town and have sometime to kill. Particularly if you have not seen each other for years .•.This is only one of the pleasant things that the Intercollegiate AlumniHotels make possible. At each of these hotels is an index of the residentalumni of your college. When you are travelling and have a moment tospare, this index is a treasure trove of information for reviving friend­ships that mean much to you •.• Stop at Intercollegiate Alumni Hotelswhen you travel, You will enjoy the experience. And you will behelping the Alumni Office in furthering the work which it is doing.INTERCOLLEGIATE ALUMNI HOTELSBaltimore, SouthernBl!ritl!ley, ClaremontBtthlthtm, Pa., Bethlehem&ston, Copley- PlazaChu:ago, BlackstoneChICago, WindermereCh,cago, Allerton Ho.useClwl!land, Allerton HouseColumbus, Neil HouseFresno, CalifornianKansas City, MuehlebachLincoln, LincolnLos Angeles, Los Angeles Biltmore'Madison, ParkMinntapolis, NIcolletMontreal, Mount Royal HotelNew Orleans, MonteleoneNew York, Roosevelt New York. Waldorf· AstoriaNorthampton, Mass., NorthamptonOakland, OaklandPeoria, Ill., Pere MarquettePhiladelphIa, BenjamIn FrankhnPittsburgh, SchenleyPortland, Ore., MultnomahRo,hester, SenecaSaaamento, SacramentoSan Diego, St. JamesSan Francisco, PalaceSeatlle, OlympicSt. Louis, CoronadoSyracuse, OnondagaToronto, King EdwardUrbana, Ill .• Urbana-LmcolnWashington, D. c., New WillardWilliamsport, Pa., Lyceming INTERCOLLEGIATEALUMNI EXTENSIONSERVICE, INC.18 E. 41st St., New York, N. Y.Mail this coupon to the Alumni Office--------------------'1IKmdly send me an Introduction Card to the Imanagers of Intercollegiate Alumni Hotels. :I?X:zme : Class............. IIe/lddress IIritl .. · .. ·· .. ··· .. ········ .. · .. ··.· .. � ... ··· .. · .. Stale..... .... ... .... :. __ . ••• _. ..JTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 239An organization of a 1m ost fifty people, with specialists in ail branches of advertisingMember: American Associdtion of Adflertising Agencies & National Outdoor AdflertiJilIg BureauVANDERHOOF& COMPANY QeneralclldverhsingVANDBRHOOli BUfLDINO • - .'",167 B.ONTARlO ST .. CHICACO�ru�HENRY D. SULCER, ·0)" Presidentand :J{pwIlW'WRGigaretteJTake their place among thedistinguished prod u.cts andinstitutions whose advertis­ing is prepared by mer­chandising headquarters•THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEAn Invitation toALLERTON HOUSEDesignated by 96 Colleges and Universities as the OfficialIntercollegiate Alumni Association Residencefor Chicago and ClevelandRealizing the public interest in our many uniqueand exclusive features, Allerton House, that modernz s-story hotel which is Chicago's striking exampleof luxurious surroundings at rates within the reachof all, invites you to call and see the amazing degreeof real home comfort our qoo guests enjoy.Courteous clerks will meet you at the desk. YouALLERTON HOUSE will be shown all through the building from theChicago, Illinois I talian Ball Room on the 23 rd floor to the 18-holegolf course in the basement. Then you will know why q5 per cent of ourguests are permanent and why over 100 colleges are represented. Chicagois justly proud of this, the first hotel on North Michigan.Take North Michigan bus to Huron Street - today. Only 5 minutes andyou're here in the residence of a diversified group of executives, businessand professional men and women. You will enjoy it.You owe it to yourself to know Chicago, and youcan't know Chicago without knowing Allerton HouseWeekly Rates for Men or WomenSeparate Floors and Elevators for WomenDirector of Women in ChargeSingle $12.00 to $20.00Double ' 8.00 to 15.00Transient ' 2.50 to 3.50THE ALLERTON HOUSEW. W. DWYER, General ManagerMichigan at Huron -- Just a ten-minute walk to the Loop -,.ALLERTON HOUSECleveland, OhioCHICAGO CLEVELAND NEW YORKIN TH I�I J/ LL CIt was once said, in praise of a learnedentomologist, that he knew everything about.ants that one could know-without actuallybeing an ant. The qualification is a tragicone. A scholar can read hundreds of source­books on Napoleon; he can peer down themicroscope at vast colonies of streptococci;but he can never learn, firsthand, how itfelt to be Napoleon, or how the world looksto a streptococcus.Mr. ROBERT REDFIELDJ '20, J.D. '21,has done, in sociology, what the learned en­tomologist could not do. He has studied themores and folkways of Mexican villagers,not only by observation, but by becoming,for a time, a Mexican villager. Mr. Red­field, his wife (Margaret Park, '20) andtheir two children lived for some months inthe ancient town of Tepoztlan, sixty milessouth of Mexico City and accessible onlyby narrow mountain trails. Like the natives,they occupied a house of one room; they atethe foods of the country; they received theirsolicitous neighbors' advice on the care ofthe baby. Mrs. Redfield (daughter of oneof the University' s �ell-known sociologists)supplemented her husband's studies. Sheand the children returned to Mexico Cityonly after a bandit attack had made it clearthat the village was unsafe for them. Mr.Redfield remained six months longer.A short account of the sojourn appears onthe following pages.Light is not the simple, lucid affair thatwe once supposed it to be. It is not to bedismissed with a wave of the hand, or awave of the ether. Professor AR.THUR H.COMPTON'S experiments, lately recognizedby the Nobel Prize Committee, seem toshow that the wave theory explains lightno more clearly than did the older corpus­cular view.Professor Compton undertakes, in thisissue, to throw light on this foggiest ofphenomena. .Some books, like the friends they are reputed to be, gain value as they growolder. Perhaps we love them for the adven­tures they have had, perhaps because theyremind us of adventures of our own. Some­times a book, like a friend, is worth morewhen richly dressed. Bindings by Riviere,as well as gowns by Patou, have won theirworshipers.GAIL BORDEN, a native of Houston, agraduate of Dartmouth, and lately ap­pointed an instructor in English, has sur­rounded. himself with friends of many for­mats, some of them much sought in theworld of books. He knows, firsthand, the"crushes" that bibliophiles have upon thisbook or that. He tells us some of the reasonswhy certain books have "it."Professor JAMES WEBER LINN haswritten his opinion, in coarse black pencil,upon the back of many a theme by AlanLeMay, Mr. Linn now comments uponanother writing of LeMay's. The commentis not written upon the back of a sheet oftheme-paper; for the writing in questionhas been published as a book. And Mr. Linnno longer applies his blilck pencil (moreawful than the cane of ancient school­masters) to LeMay's work, but employs in­stead the Book Section of this magazine.EDw ARD BYRON REUTER, who reviewsMrs. Cavan's study of suicide, is Professorof Sociology at the University of Iowa.� � �The windows of Foster Hall would seemto offer a splendid vantage ground for onewho would observe the undergraduatescene. Beneath their weary smile many acollege statesman has flaunted the highsecrets of Owl and Serpent; many a Dukeof Dorset has displayed the latest in derby,greatcoat, and spats. Appropriately enough,Miss MARY BOWEN, who dwells behindthose windows, reports the News of theQuadrangles this month.ROBERT REDFIELDVOL. XX No.5�beWniber�ft!' of C!CbicagoJMaga�fneMARCH, 1928-----------------------------------------------------------------+-Among the Middle AmericansA Chicago Family's Adventures as Adopted Citizens of aMexican VillageBy ROBERT REDFIELDNOT all Indians live on reservationsand not all ethnological field workis done in order to rescue the remnants ofdying civilizations. Ethnologists have beenbusy making such rescues; and hard andeven heroic work it has sometimes been torecord primitive customs that are rapidlygoing down beneath the wheels of moderncivilization. But they have done this workso well that now they feel able to take abroader view of their responsibilities andeven to find time to be interested in thepresent and the future of peoples, and not.only in their past.The anthropologists of the University ofChicago are among those who are develop­ing plans for the study of contemporarypeoples. They hope that they may collabo­rate with the sociologists in scientific studiesof foreign populations who do now and whopromise even more to present practical prob­lems to the' people of the United States.Following capital, we go abroad to meetthese people in their own' homes, and pur­suing employment and a higher standard of iiving, they come into our country; andin both cases problems arise--of politics,of administration, of immigration, of so­cial welfare.The Mexicans, perhaps above all otherpeoples, present to us plenty of problemsof both sorts. Our foreign affairs are inno small measure Mexican, and the im­migrants we now admit are largely Mexi­can. Moreover the Mexicans constitute awhole series of ethnological and sociologicalproblems to themselves, because of the cul­tural gulf between the small educated classand the great majority of ignorant peons.This uneducated majority IS largely Indianin blood, and its representatives preservemany ancient customs. But they are not aprimitive, tribal people, like those FirstAmericans, now largely on reservations inthis country. Neither are they as sophisti­cated as those later Americans of Chicagoand elsewhere. They are a mixture, alreadycenturies old, of colonial Spanish elementsand of ancient Indian elements. They arean intermediate kind of people, illiterate,243244 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINErather than pre-literate. They are MiddleAmericans culturally as well as geographi­cally.A noteworthy beginning in the study ofthe peasant peoples of Mexico was made byDr. Manuel Gamio, the distinguished one­time Director of Anthropology with theMexican National Government. It was Dr.Gamio whose invaluable advice was soughtand generously given when our expeditionwas made possible by a fellowship grantedby the Social Science Research Council.Dr. Gamio suggested the site for the work:Tepoztlan, a village of the ancient Tlahui­cas, a tribe closely allied to the Aztecs. Thisvillage, typical of the Middle Americans,is situated in the State of Morelos, somesixty miles south of Mexico City. Thecommunity is on no principal line oftravel; economically it does no more thansupport itself; therefore the contacts withthe city, although frequent and going backfour hundred years, introduce no more thana dilution of modern city ways into a pea­san t village.In November of 1926 qur party enteredand took up quarters in Tepoztlan. It wasa family party; for the other members ofthe expedition were Mrs. Redfield and ourtwo children, one five months old and theother not yet three years. Mrs. Redfield'smother, Mrs. Park, wife of Professor Rob­ert E. Park, also accompanied us and re­mained the first four weeks, We enteredTepoztlan on horseback, for all communi­cation with the village is by narrow moun­tain trails. No wheel ever turns in thestreets of Tepoztlan. On exploratory visitsI had found a suitable house. It had onlyone room, and in this five of us slept,cooked, ate and did field-work in ethnology.But the room was large, and it commandedan extraordinarily beautiful view of a moun­tain-walled subtropical valley. Food wasexcellent; we brought some down fromMexico City, and we made good use of thelocal fruits.· There were milch cows; sothe baby throve.As junior ethnologist, the baby morethan earned his keep. All people are inter- ested in babies. Certainly Mexican Indiansare; and they came around in numbers tosee him fed orange-juice-which, they said,would keep his teeth from coming out­and to advise us of the dangers of allowinghim to sleep out of doors where sicknessmight fall on him from the trees. But thissort of comparative child-care was just whatwe wanted to stimulate, and soon we hadmany friends and were collecting muchof the information we wanted. Indeedour principal loss was of privacy and sleep.Mrs. Redfield made a study of nativecookery, both festal and secular, includinga collection of folk-recipes. She also collectedthe data on birth-customs, and postnatalcare. (She tells me that after the babycomes the mother crawls into the sweat­house together with the midwife and anywomen who may be assisting in caring forthe child, there to be steamed together, andthat afterwards you pay the midwife with abottle of wine and some cigarettes.)It was much to be regretted that afterabout three months we found it advisableto bring Mrs. Redfield and the childrenback to Mexico City. All three were flour­ishing in Tepoztlan, but increasing in­securi ty in the region became a pointedsuggestion when a band of rebels enteredthe town one night and put up a briefbattle with the townspeople. Observing theproverbial discretion, we tested our valorby leaving our more conspicuous house andpassing along the shadowed side of themoonlit road into the house of Senor JesusConde. We emerged when the clamorpassed to stop some of the riderless horsesand pick up a few wounded.This man, Senor Conde, although, likealmost all the rest, a full-blooded Indian,is a man of education, and one of those fewTepoztecans who feel the cultural back­wardness of the community and wish tomodernize it. The rise of self-consciousnessin these retarded people and its effect uponthe development of classes and personalitieswas a matter in which we were much inter­ested, and from Senor Conde we obtainedmuch relevant material. He also assisted meAMONG THE MIDDLE AMERICANSTEPOZTLANSeen from the house that the Redfields occupied.A MIDDLE AMERICANVery little white blood has found its way to isolated Tepoztlan. 245THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEin the study of Nahuatl, with which asmall beginning was made. The Tepoz­tecans are essentially bilingual, speakingthe native Indian language as well asSpanish.In spite of the loss of Mrs. Redfield'sassistance, the results of the season's work,which continued until the following July,although largely exploratory, are mostsatisfying. The field-work of the entire peri­od-some eight months-was done in thisone village, and a good understanding ofits possibilities for more intensive study wasobtained. A good representative collectionof local songs was one result. These arein the main orally transmitted, and of verylocal provenience. Some are traditional andreligious, and others are of the ballad type.Many of these latter deal with the exploitsof Emiliano Zapata, the notorious rebelleader of the Indians of Morelos; abouthis famous figure many legends cling. Manyof the Tepoztecans were his men; and with one of these I became very intimate. Wealso obtained much information on thetreatment of disease, and made a collectionof remedial plants. Scores of fiestas were'observed, and a good introductory descrip­tion worked out of the social and religiousorganization. I am much encouraged inthe feeling that a technique for the studyof these intermediate folk peoples can bedeveloped which will warrant intensivework by many ethnologis.ts.The entire personnel of this exploratoryexpedition suffers from occasional nostalgiafor the charming people and the lovelyvalley where the work was done. It is to behoped that very recent news, contained ina letter from Senor Conde, that a localgroup in Tepoztlan have begun a rebellionagainst the Federal, Government, is to beconstrued as no more than a minor disturb­ance of a life delightful as it is remote,and scientifically provocative as it is de­lightful.A BLOODLESS BULLFIGHTThe trick is to ride the bull, not to kill him.AMONG THE MIDDLE AMERICANSTEPOZTLAN AT HOMEExcept for the tiled roof, the style in houses has not changed perceptiblysince the first Spaniard arrived.AN INDIAN DANCE CONVERTEDThe dancers have forgotten the ancient meaning of their cult,' they now dontheir feather headgear in fulfilment of uouis to the local saint. 247A StoneSome Great Figures in Germanic,As Carved on�---IbsenGothic statuary, especially that whichadorns the Cathedral of Chartres,· has in­fluenced the sculptor.CervantesThe sculptor, Miss Hester Bremer, with plaster models for the heads of Chaucer and Dante.Miss Bremer has studied in Paris, Berlin, Munich, and Dresden. The pictures were taken onthe Midway, near her studio.248AnthologyRomance, and Eng fish Literature,Wieboldt. HallLessingSchiller HugoThe heads of a dozen writers, carvedin limestone, look down .from the newWieboldt Hall of Modern Languages.Lessing, Goethe, Schiller, and Ibsen rep­resent the Germanic literatures; Dante,Moliere, Hugo, and Cervantes, the Ro­mance; and of those who have written inEnglish, Chaucer, Shakespeare, Milton,and Emerson have places. Half of this com­pany, ranged along the south wall, contem­plates the racing cars of the Midway; theother half presides over the more friendlyquadrangle that the Divinity Halls, Bond'Chapel, and Haskell Museum shield fromthe world.Emerson249The Riddle of Roentgen RaysTheir Odd Behavior Throws Doubt on Modern Notionsof the Nature of LightBy PROFESSOR ARTHUR H. COMPTONA FEW years ago there appeared thefollowing item in the afternoon edi­tion of the Physics Daily News:WAVES AND CORPUSCLESIN HARD FOUGHT GAMEWaves Lead, End ofThird Quarter(By Ray O. Light)The big game opened with a kickoff by Gali­leo, veteran full-back of the "Waves." The ballwas received by Isaac Newton, the strategicquarter of the "Corpuscles," who. stiffarmedHuyghens, the giant tackle of the Waves, andcarried, the ball for a 45 yard gain. Then bya series of skillfully directed trick plays andforward passes, he led his team through to atouchdown at the end of the first quarter. LaGrange failed to kick goal. Score Corpuscles 6-Waves o.Fresnel, captain of the Waves, elected to re­ceive, and himself caught the ball. Tom Youngorganized an interference which completelyoverwhelmed the Corpuscles, and Fresnel ranthe length of the field for a touchdown. The-electric toe of Maxwell kicked the ball for agoal, giving Waves 7-Corpusc1es 6.At the beginning of the second half Maxwellwas put in as quarter for the Waves, and withthe help of the famous backfield consisting ofHerz Kelvin and Michelson they had thingstheir' own way, scoring two touchdowns. Scoreat the end of the third quarter, Waves 20, Cor-puscles 6..As the last quarter opened, Planck, of theCorpuscles, made a long kickoff to Jeans of theWaves, who was able to return the ball onlya few yards. A forward pass was interceptedby Einstein, right end of the Corpuscles, whocrossed the line with the velocity of light fora touchdown. The game during the next fewminutes was very hard fought, neither side beingable to make a first down. At the time thisedition goes to press the Waves are in the leadby 7 points, but the Corpuscles seem to have theupper hand.This account describes graphically theactive rivalry between the idea that lightconsists of waves and the theory that lightconsists of little particles. The Growth of the Idea of Waves of LightThe corpuscular theory of the nature oflight was strongly defended by Newton twoand a half centuries ago. He thought of abeam of sunlight as made up of a streamof little particles shot from the sun towardsthe earth. The rival conception of light asa train of waves was not generally held un­til the beginning of the Nineteenth Century.At this time theoretical work by Fresnel andexperiments by Young gave what seemedto be convincing evidence that light is madeup of waves. An important part of their newevidence was the fact that it was possibleto produce darkness by adding one beamof light to another. This fact is known asthe interference of light. According to thewave idea such interference occurs whenthe crest of one wave is falling uponthe trough of the second train of waves.It is just like the ripples formed when peb­bles are thrown in a pool of water. If thecrests of one set of ripples fall upon thecrests of another set, the ripples are high;but where the crests of one set of ripplesfall upon the troughs of the second groupthe ripples are small or disappear. Preciselythis type of interference is found with lightrays.Fresnel invented a material medium, the"ether," filling all space, in order to accountfor the propagation of light waves. ButMaxwell showed that the electrical prop­erties of space necessary to account forthe forces between electric charges andmagnets were such that there should beelectric waves of exactly the speed of lightwaves. It was some years.Iater when Herz,showed in his laboratory that such electricalwaves could be produced by passing a sparkbetween metal balls, and found that theresulting waves had many of the charac­teristics of light. The development of the250THE RIDDLE OF ROENTGEN }{A YSidea from there on is familiar, how theelectric waves of Herz suggested to Mar­coni the wireless telegraph, and how thisfurther developed into the wireless tele­phone and the radio. We have now becomeso familiar with the idea of wave lengthsof radio waves and of frequencies of vibra­tion that the possibility that such rays maybe anything other than waves rarely entersour minds.Some five years ago, Dr. Nichols and Mr.Tear, of the General Electric Company,showed that it was possible to detect elec­tric waves of the same type as those used inradio transmission, though of shorter wave­length, by the same method that is usedto detect heat rays. The spectrum of theseheat rays in turn can be followed continu­ously through the infra-red region and theregion of visible light to the region of ultra­violet light, those rays with which we arenow becoming familiar because of theirvalue in curing rickets and tuberculosis. Ayoung Scotchman by the name of Osgood,a Commonwealth Fellow at Chicago,showed last summer that the spectrum ofultra-violet light could be followed rightthrough to the region, of X-rays. Beyondthe X-rays are in turn gamma rays fromradium and the penetrating cosmic rayswhich are found at high altitudes. What­ever we say regarding the nature of one ofthese types of rays must therefore holdequally well for the others. If, then, radiorays and light rays are waves, so also areX-rays and gamma-rays.Einstein and the Photo-Electric EffectThe first serious challenge to the viewthat light consists of waves, since the timeof Fresnel and Young, was made by Ein­stein in 1905. There is a property of lightknown as the photoelectric effect which thewave theory of light had been unable toexplain. When a beam of light falls uponthe surface of certain metals, such as metal­lic sodium, electricity in the form of elec­trons is found to be emitted from the sur­face. The number of these electrons isproportional to the intensity of the light,but the speed at which they move does notdepend upon its intensity. It depends only 251upon the color, or frequency, of the lightwhich strikes the metal. Thus the feeblelight from a star will eject a photoelectronfrom a surface with just as great speed aswill the intense light from the sun.The photoelectric effect is especially prom­inent with X-rays, for these rays ejectphotoelectrons from all sorts of substances.(See figure 1.) X-rays are produced whena stream of cathode rays or electrons hitsa block of metal inside an X-ray tube. Itis as if one were shooting at a steel platewith a rapid fire gun. The stream of bulletsrepresents the cathode rays or electrons. Theracket produced when the bullets strike thesteel plate corresponds to the X-rays emit­ted by the metal target inside the X-rayFIGURE 1Photograph of trails left by photoelectronsejected from a piece of metal by the actionof X-rays [Wilson]tube. Let us suppose that the cathode elec­tron strikes the target of an X-ray tube ata speed of half that of light. These elec­trons certainly move tremendously fast.The X-ray produced by this electron maypass through a block of wood and strike apiece of metal on the other side. I f itejects a photoelectron from the metal, thespeed of this photoelectron will be almostas great as that of the original cathode elec­tron which gave rise to the X-ray.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEThe surprismg nature of this phenome­non may be illustrated by an experiencewhich I had in my early boyhood. Myfather was a professor before me, and dur­ing the summer vacations he took our familyto Otsego Lake in Northern Michigan. Myolder brother, with several of the olderboys, built a diving pier around the point. a half mile away from camp, where thewater was deep. Fearing lest somethingshould happen, my mother would not allowus younger boys to swim in this deep water.So we built a diving pier of our own in theshallower water in front of the camp. Onehot July day �hen the lake was as smoothas glass we all went swimming, the olderboys around the point, those of us who wereyounger in front of the camp. It so hap­�iiea"fh'�t my brother-deve from his divingboard into the deep water. The ripples fromthe resulting splash of course spread outoyer the lake, By the time they had gonearound the point to where I was swimming� half of a mile away, they were of coursemuch too small to notice. You can imaginemy surprise, therefore, when these insignifi­cant ripples, striking me as I was swimmingunder our diving pier, suddenly lifted mebodily from the water and set me on thediving board. Does this sound impossible?If it is impossible for a water ripple to dosuch a thing, it is equally impossible for anether ripple sentout when an electron divesinto the target of an X-ray tube to jerk: anelectron out of a second piece of metal witha speed equal to that of the first electron.It was considerations of this type whichshowed to Einstein the futility of trying toaccount for the photoelectric effect on thebasis of waves. He suggested, however, thatthis effect might be explained if light orX-rays move in particles. These particleswe call "photons." The picture of the X­ray experiment on this view would be thatwhen the cathode electron strikes: the targetof an X-ray tube, its energy of motion istransformed into a photon, that is, a par­ticle of X-rays which goes with a speed oflight to the second piece of metal, Here thephoton gives up its energy to one of . theelectrons of which the metal is composed,and throws it out with an energy of motion equal to that of the first electron. Such apicture accounts at once for the fact thatthe number of photoelectrons is proportionalto the intensity of the radiation; for if onebeam is twice as intense as another it hastwice as many photons, which will ejecttwice as many photoelectrons. In order toexplain why the photoelectrons move fasterwhen thrown out of a metal by light ofhigher frequency, Einstein borrowed a sug­gestion made originally by Planck, that theenergy of a photon is greater for light ofhigh frequency;' that is, photons of bluelight carry more energy than photons of redlight.In this way Einstein was able to accountin a very satisfactory way for the phenom­enon of the emission of photoelectrons.But his theory had been devised for justthis purpose. It was not surprising that itshould work well for this one fact. It wouldnaturally carry much 'greater weight if itcould be shown that his theory accountedfor other facts for which it had not beenoriginally intended. This is what it hasrecently done in connection with certainproperties of scattered X-rays.Peculiar X-Ray EchoesI f you hold your hand in the light of alamp, it will scatter light from thelamp into your eyes. This is the way inwhich your hand is made visible. In justthe same way, if the lamp were an X-raytube, your hand would scatter X-rays toyour eyes. If you had a blue light in yourlamp, your hand would appear blue. Ifthe light were yellow, your hand. wouldappear yellow and so on. But some five yearsago, we noticed that when one's hand oranything else scatters X-rays, the "color"or wave-length of the rays is changed. Thecorresponding effect with light would befor your hand to appear green when illumi­nated with blue light, to appear yellowwhen illuminated with green light, redwhen lighted' by a yellow lamp and so on.Figure 2 shows how the spectrum of theprimary X-rays differs from that of thesame rays after they have been scattered bylithium. The shift of the peak. of intensityTHE RIDDLE OF ROENTGEN RAYStoward the right means an increase in wave­length of the scattered rays.In its attempts to account for this phe­nomenon of a change of wave length ofscattered X-rays, the wave theory of X-rayshas entirely failed. On this view, the scat­tered X-rays are like an echo. When onewhistles in front of a barn, the echo comesback from the same pitch as the originaltone. This must be so, because each waveof the sound is reflected from the barn, asmany waves return as strike, so that thefrequency or pitch of the echoed wave isthe same as that of original wave. Withthe scattered X-rays, the echo should bethrown back by the electrons in the scatter­ing material, and should have the same pitchor frequency as the incident rays.The corpuscular idea revived by Ein­stein suggests, however, a simple explana­tion of this effect. On this view, we maysuppose that each X-ray photon is deflectedby a single electron, just as, for example,a golf ball might bounce from a football.Though the golf ball may bound off elasti­cally, the football will recoil from the golf 253ball and part of the energy is spent in settingthe football in motion. Thus, the golfball bounces off having less energy thanwhen it struck. In the same way, the elec­tron from which the X-ray photon bounceswill recoil, taking part of the photon's e�­ergy, and the deflected photon will have lessenergy than before it struck the electron.This reduction in energy of the X-ray pho­ton corresponds on Einstein's view to anincrease in wave-length of the scatteredX-rays, just as the experiments show. Infact, the theory is so definite that it is pos­sible to calculate just how great a change inwave-length should occur, and the calcula­tion is found to correspond precisely withthe experiments.If this view is the correct one, it shouldhowever be possible to find the electronswhich recoil from the deflected X-ray parti­cles. Before this theory was suggested nosuch recoiling electrons had ever beennoticed. Professor C. T. R. Wilson ofCambridge University had, however, in­vented a beautiful method for making vis­ible the tracks followed by electrons whenFIGURE 2Spectra taken by Dr. Woo at Chicago of a silver X-ray spectrum line (above), and of thesame line after it' is scattered from lithium (below).254 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEthey go at high speed through air. Withina few months after this. new theory of thescattering of X-rays had been proposed,Wilson was able to photograph the trailsleft when electrons in air recoiled fromX-rays which they scattered. Thus we haveobserved not only the loss in energy of thedeflected golf balls, but also the footballs,or electrons, from which they have bounced.. Figure 3 shows the paths of both these re­coiling electrons and of the photoelectronsmentioned above.FIGURE 3Photograph of electron tracks (C. T. R.Wilson). The faint long tracks are dueto photoelectrons. The short, distinct, tracksare due to electrons recoiling [ram scatteredX-rays. Notice how they are knocked inthe direction of the incident "Y-rlljl beam.Further experiments at Chicago showedthat the number of the recoiling electronswas the same as the number of scatteredX-ray photons, as of course it should beif each photon is deflected by a single elec­tron. Moreover, the speed and the direc­tion of the recoiling electrons were foundto be on the average just what the corpus­cular theory of the X-rays predicted.One might have thought that this evi­dence would be considered sufficient toprove that the X-rays consisted of particles ..But not so. Professors Bohr, Kramers andSlater, of Denmark, Holland and Amer­ica respectively, pointed out that it was possible to account for botn the change inwave-length of the X-rays when they arescattered, and also for the motion of therecoiling electrons, if one abandons the ideathat the energy is conserved when these re­coil electrons are produced, and that a forceis required to set the electrons in motion.That is, in order to keep the wave theoryof X-rays these scientists suggested thatwe drop those fundamental concepts of me­chanics, the conservation of energy and thataction and reaction are equal and opposite.Fortunately it was possible to make atest of this new suggestion. This was doneby following the path of an X-ray photonbefore and after it collided with an electron.It was then possible to find out whether theenergy was conserved, and whether the ac­tion on the photon was equal to the reactionon the recoiling electron.A faint beam of X-rays was shot throughthe air in a Wilson cloud chamber, and.the trails of the ejected electrons werephotographed. Figure 4 shows how it wasdone. If a recoiling electron starts at theangleG, the scattered X-ray particle musthave proceeded in some direction �, deter­mined by the usual mechanical laws ofelastic collisions. The deflected photon canmake itself visible by exciting a second high­speed particle before it escapes through thewall of the chamber. The track at Arepresents such an occurrence. When such asecond track appears, it is possible to tracethe path followed by the X-ray particleafter its collision with the first electron. ifthe scattered X-rays did not consist ofparticles, but were propagated as wavesspreading in all directions, when a secondelectron appears, there is no more reasonwhy it should occur near the angle cp thanat any other angle. The fact that in the ex­periments the scattered ray excited sec­ondary electrons near the calculated anglecp, determined by the angle of recoil <:>,means that the X-rays go in definite direc­tions.Unless there is some improbably largeerror in the experiments, we may thereforeinfer that scattered X-rays go as discreteparticles in definite directions.THE RIDDLE OF ROENTGEN RAYSThe Paradox of Particles and WavesBut if X-rays consist of particles, so alsomust light and heat rays, and radio rays.We are thus confronted with the problemeither of accounting on the corpusculartheory for the properties of light which havebeen explained in terms of waves, or ofreconciling the view that light consists ofwaves with the view that light consists ofcorpuscles. For centuries it has beenthought that these two conceptions of thenature of light are contradictory, but whenwe are confronted with apparently convinc­ing evidence that radiation consists ofwaves, and equally convincing evidencethat it consists of particles, the two concep­tions must in some way be reconcilable.The theoretical physicists are hard atwork on this type of reconciliation of thetwo theories. Their ideas, however, areas yet too vague to state in any satisfactoryform. Perhaps the best picture that onecan give of the relation between waves andparticles is the analogy of the sheets of rainwhich one sometimes sees in a thunder­storm. We may liken the waves to thesheets of rain that one sees sweeping downthe street or across the fields. The radia­tion particles or photons would correspond� I...Az� u§Ii'( Ii 0i �S i3X-RUSI I 255to the rain drops of which the sheet is com­posed. This picture is probably a fairlyaccurate one when we are thinking of radiorays. For in the case of radio rays, even afeeble signal, such as one broadcast fromLos Angeles and heard in Chicago, wouldhave waves consisting of thousands ofphotons per cubic inch. But in the case ofX-rays, the photons carry a much greaterenergy and a beam of even moderate inten­sity has its photons so widely separated thatit is difficult to imagine any grouping of thephotons in sheets which would representthe waves.The fact remains that the evidence beforeus seems to demand that light and otherform of radiation consists both of wavesan-d of particles.Electron WavesIf then light, which has long been knownas waves, is now found to consist of parti­cles, may it not be that such things as atomsand electrons, which have long been knownas particles, may have the characteristics ofwaves? Thus reasoned the French physicistde Broglie. His suggestion was put to ex­perimental test during the last year by twoAmerican physicists, Davisson and Germer,of the Western Electric Company. TheyFIGURE 4-The path followed by an X-ray particle after collisio.n with an electron is traced by finding thenext electron (at � ) which it erects,256 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEfound that a stream of electrons could bemade to show interference effects when re­flected from the surface of a crystal in justthe same way as could a beam of light orX-rays. We noticed that it was this inter­ference property of light which was thechief argument in the proof of its wavecharacter . We now have precisely thesame kind of evidence for believing in thewave characteristics of electrons.Our paradox of waves and particles isthus not confined to the nature of light, butapplies to electrons as well. Light whichwe have long thought of as waves has theproperties of particles, and electrons whichhave long been thought of as particles have the properties of waves. There seems tobe a dualistic aspect to these fundamentalentities. The distinction between the con­ceptions of waves and particles may not beas sharp as we have thought.How then about our football game? Letus say that the strategy associated with thescattered X-rays has given the corpusclesanother touchdown, and that Wilson, byfinding the electrons recoiling from thescattered rays, has kicked a beautiful goal.The score thus stands Waves 20, Corpus­cles 20. At this stage, the referee mustcall the game of light on account of dark­ness.A Report From the NileEGYPTIAN civilization has been car­ried back to the time of prehistoricman by the Prehistoric Survey of the Ori­ental Institute of the University, the firstreport of which has just been published.Dr. K. S. Sandford, of. the Oriental In­stitute, and W. J. Arkell, of Oxford Uni­versity, who were the members of theInstitute's expedition, have found geologi­cally dated evidence of the early civilizationin a trip of a thousand miles along thevalley of the Nile.In the introduction to the report of theexpedition, Professor James Henry Breas­ted, Director of the Oriental Institute,says: "The enormous age of man in theNile Valley is now obvious; for the gi­gantic task of cutting down to its presentlevel has been accomplished by the riversince the early Nile dwellers hunted andfished along vanished shores now markedonly here and there by a terrace one hun­dred feet above the present Nile."While the Nile was cutting its channelit made terraces at r so-foot, roo-foot, 50-foot, 25-foot, and to-foot levels, the higherlevels being the older of the series. Thetwo scientists have found embedded in theseterraces the tools and weapons of men dat- ing back at least 50,000 to 100,000 years.These periods have been identified with aparallel succession of stages of civilizationin Europe.Artifacts correlated with what is knownas the Chellean period, so called from theartifacts found at Chelles, France, havebeen found on the roo-foot terrace. Atthe 50-foot level, implements correlatedwith the Acheulian stage, named for the St.Acheul region on the Somme River.On the 25-30-foot terrace are vestigesof the earliest Mousterian stage named forLe Moustier, a cave in the Dordogne,southwestern France, while on the IO-15-foot terraces are implements of the Mous­terian period.The implements of the roo-foot terraceare rough and primitive; those of lowerterraces are of more and more advancedculture. Each terrace produces a certaindefinite association of types, revealing theslowness of the advances in the evolutionof man's culture.While Western Europe was occupied bysuccessive waves of population, Egypt was'apparently immune from some of these in­vasions.The Story of the University of ChicagoBy THOMAS WAKEFIELD GOODSPEEDReprinted through courtesy of the University of Chicago PressXII. NEW STEPS IN EXPANSIONIN TELLING the story of the earlyyears of the University the narrator isconstantly coming upon new things,particularly upon new steps in enlargement.I t will be recalled that eight of these, allof them important, had been taken beforethe work of instruction began. In thepresent chapter eight further steps in ad­vance will be recounted.When the University opened, GeorgeE. Hale, a young astronomer, was pursuinghis scientific work in an observatory hisfather, William E. Hale, had built andequipped for him in Chicago. PresidentHarper soon found this young astronomicalenthusiast, recognized his genius, and se­cured him as associate professor of Astro­physics, without salary, in the first faculty.Mr. Hale was also director of the Ob­servatory, his own Observatory, and thetotal expense of the Department of Astron­omy with a docent under Mr. Hale wasabout $1,500 a year. The contributions ofMr. Yerkes, providing the University withthe great telescope and the Observatory atLake Geneva, Wisconsin, changed all this.Although the Observatory was not readyfor use till r897, five years later, the in­crease in the staff of the department beganwithout delay, and when the Observatoryopened the staff consisted of the director,Mr. Hale, three other professors, one as­sociate professor, two instructors, one as­sociate, and one assistant. There was alsoan optician, making the staff ten in all. TheAstrophysical Journal was started. Themaintenance of the Observatory requiredan engineer and other helpers. Distin­guished astronomers were engaged. Houseswere built at Lake Geneva for the astron­omers. The work of the Observatory in­creased, and its services to the science ofastronomy were conspicuous. The U ni­versity could not withhold the necessary257 facilities. The inevitable result was thatexpenditures increased from year to year,till they approximated $65,000 annually.The great contribution of Mr. Yerkes oc­casioned an expansion of its work requiringthe income of ,an endowment of about$r ,400,000 to carry it on. This was thefirst of the further steps in expansion.The second step was the inauguration ofthe policy of publishing departmental jour­nals. President Harper held very strongviews as to the desirability of this step. Heregarded the establishment of such journalsas an essential feature of a true University.His ideal of a university professor was thathe should be much more than a teacher ofstudents. He made it understood that thisideal professor would also be an investigatorand a producer. Instruction, research, pro­duction, all these were essential.With these views it is not to be wonderedat that he strongly urged from the begin­ning the starting of departmental journals.His recommendations did not meet with ascordial a response from the trustees as al­most always greeted his proposals. Suchwas the confidence of the trustees in him,that, as a rule, what he proposed they ap­proved. Such was their affection for himthat it hurt them to refuse any request hemade. When, however, it came to enteringinto the business of publishing journals theyhesitated. But there, was something aboutthe president's faith that was peculiarlycontagious, and when he urged the greateducational value of the undertaking op­position disappeared. The first of thesepublications was the Journal of PoliticalEconomy followed almost immediately bythe Journal of Geology, both appearing inthe first half of the first year. Before theend of the first year the Biblical World, theAmerican Journal of Semitic LanguagesTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEand Literatures (previously called Hebrai­ca), and the University Extension Worldfurnished new channels for publication. In1895 came the Astrophysical Journal andthe American Journal of Sociology. In 1896the Botanical Gazette and the School Re­view appeared and the University Recordsucceeded the Quarterly Calendar. At thebeginning of 1897 the A merican Journal ofTheology was started, later. combining withthe Biblical World to form the Journal ofReligion. After 1897 no new journals wereadded to the list for four years. Then anew period of activity began. The ChicagoInstitute, which become the School of Edu­cation of the University of Chicago in 1901,brought with it a journal which after twochanges of name became the ElementarySchool Journal. In Ig03 Modern Philologyappeared, in Ig06, Classical Philology) andin 1923, the International Journal ofEthics.This work of publication was properlyconsidered by the trustees as a part of theUniversity's educational service. It wasnever in their minds a business enterprise.The same thing may be -said of the pub­lishing work of the University in general.During the first third of a century of itshistory the University Press did a largework in the publication of books. The pri­mary aim was to issue books that had anessentially educational value. It was under-, stood that in some cases these books, whoseintrinsic value made their publication de­sirable, would not yield a profit. If theywere of educational and scientific value, thefact that they'rnight not pay the expense ofpublishing did not shut them out fromfavorable consideration. It is not to beunderstood that the books published by theUniversity Press were never financiallyprofitable. Very many were profitableventures .. But they were not always so andwere not always expected to be. Theywere books worth printing and were a part. of the educational service of the Universityto the' world. The books and pamphletspublished during the first third of a centurynumbered about 1,000, of which 820 were still in print, living books at the end ofthat period.The University Bookstore was a part ofthe work of the Press and a very usefulpart of it. It grew into a large store, pro­viding a multitude of things needed bystudents.One kind of expansion that was more orless continuous was the increase in thenumber of departments and lectureships ..In 1900 Practical Sociology was developingin the Divinity School. In 1903 and 1904Psychology was erected into a department,the Department of Household Administra­tion was organized, and about the sametime the Department of Geography. In1904 Mrs. Caroline E. Haskell endowedwith $20,000 each, two lectureships, theHaskell and the Barrows, and in 1915 Mr.and Mrs. Jesse L. Rosenberger providedthe Nathaniel Colver Lectureship andPublication Fund.The great contributions of Miss Culveropened the way for new steps in advance.These led to the building of the biologicallaboratories, the establishment of the De­partment of Paleontology, and the increaseof the number of instructors in the Biologi­cal departments between 1895 and 190 Ifrom sixteen to thirty-four. The funds'provided had not, indeed, endowed all thesedepartments. The expansion had far ex­ceeded the provision for it. But in the endthe munificence of Mr. Rockefeller madethis great step only a natural part of anorderly and triumphant progress.Another interesting story which onewishes he had space to tell as it ought tobe told is that of University College. Itwas begun in a small way in 18g8, andMrs. Emmons Blaine, who was the daugh­ter of the elder Cyrus H. McCormick,contributed $5,000 a year for seven or eightyears to sustain it. It was organized as theUniversity of Chicago College for Teachersand conducted its classes in the businesscenter. The University Extension classwork in the city soon became a part of itand after 1900 it was known as UniversityCollege. It was a real college and offe�edTHE STORY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOall who desired a college education andcould not go to the University quadranglesfor it opportunity to secure it in afternoon,evening, and Saturday classes. The in­structors gave in it the same courses theytaught in the University. The courses werethe same in amount and quality of workas other University courses and were fullycredited toward University degrees. It meta pronounced need and grew from year toyear. In 1915-16 the attendance exceeded1,400 eager students, and in 1923-24 itreached 3,143.We come now to a very great step inexpansion-the establishment of the Schoolof Education, one of the most importantever taken by the University. In 1901 theChicago Institute, a training school forteachers established by Mrs. Emmons Blainein the North Division of Chicago, becamethe School of Education of the Universityof Chicago. Through the enlightenedliberality of Mrs. Blaine the Sch901 andabout $1,000,000 in property and fundswere committed to the University. Even­tually the University Elementary Schools,the South Side Academy, and the ChicagoManual Training School, which, foundedand sustained for fourteen years by theCommercial Club, had been placed in the 259hands of the University by its trustees; thesethree primary and' secondary schools to­gether with the Chicago Institute made upthe School of Education. Mrs. ]. Y. Scam­mon made a contribution of land, and thebuildings of the School, the Emmons Blaineand Belfield halls, were erected on theScammon homestead on the Mid way Plais­ance in 1904. There was gathered withinthe School of Education a complete schoolsystem-a kindergarten, an elementaryschool, a high school, a college, and a gradu­ate department. The high school, the ele­mentary school, and the kindergarten werethe laboratories of the College of Educa­tion. The budget of the School the firstyear after the combination was $I07,000.In 1923-24 its attendance of students hadso increased as to number in the College1,675, and the budget of expenditures was$432,575. These figures will indicate howgreat a step in expansion was involved inits establishment.Perhaps nothing was nearer PresidentHarper's heart than the desire to developa great Medical School in connection withthe University. He was never more urgentin his Convocation statements than whenpleading for an endowment for medicaleducation as "the greatest piece of workYERKES OBSERVATORY260 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEwhich still remains to be done for the causeof education in the city of Chicago." Hewas so anxious to make a beginning inmedical education that in 1898 an affiliationwas entered into with Rush Medical Col­lege, and when in April, 1901, the trusteesof Rush requested the University to re­ceive the two lower classes of Rush asstudents of the University, doing the workof these two years, in its laboratories, theUniversity trustees agreed to take this im­portant step if $50,000 could be secured"with which to provide for initial expensesnecessarily connected with such work."For this sum, application was made to Mr.Rockefeller, who consented that the sumrequired should be taken from his 1895subscription. This arrangement took effectOctober I, 1901, and was carried on con­tinuously from that time.The expenditures of the first year in thenew department, in addition to the $50,000for the initial equipment, amounted to $41,-000, but soon increased to above $50,000a year. This was the limit of expansion inMedicine during the life of President Har­per, but only began the story, The con­tinuation of the story, so far as that devel­oped in the first third of a century, will findits place on a later page. It will there appearthat these modest beginnings in Medicineprepared the way for the greatest of allthe University's steps in expansion. Theadvance steps in this second period, as inthe first, crowded one upon the other. TheMedical Courses had hardly been begun be­fore the final steps were being taken forthe establishment of the Law School. Ofcourse that School had been a part of thepresident's original plan. When he hadwaited for it ten years he felt that he hadwaited a very long time indeed. On therecommendation of the president, the trus­tees, January 21, 1902" voted:1. That Mr. Rockefeller be requestedto consider the advisability of giving to theUniversity the sum of fifty thousand dollarsfor the purchase of a law library: and ifhe shall consent, that-2. The president be authorized to pro­ceed to organize the University School of Law, to be opened for instruction OctoberI, 1902.Mr. Rockefeller readily agreed that $50,-000 of his two-million dollar gift of Octo­ber 30, 1895, should be used for "the pur­chase of a law library and the organizationof a University School of Law." A highstandard of admission was set, to quotePresident Harper, "three years in advanceof those of any other school west of NewYork" at that time. The library wasbought, professors secured, and the Schoolopened October I, 1902, just ten years afterthe opening of the University. The numberof students the first year was seventy-eight.The attendance increased regularly. Abuilding was erected and was occupied atthe opening of the Spring Quarter, 1904.I am not writing a history of the LawSchool, but merely calling attention to itas one of the University's steps in expan­sion. It has had a most successful and usefulhistory. Able men have filled its professor­ships. Its graduates have made an honor­able record. The. School has had a part inraising the standards of admission and thusimproving the quality of .law-schocl gradu­ates. It is justly proud of the number ofits alumni who have become professors inother schools of law. Its attendance of stu­dents rose to 466 in 1924 and its budgetof expenses to about $80,000.I have spoken of the great importanceattached to the early enlargement of theoriginal campus from three blocks to four.In subsequent years, as the need arose, ad­ditional lots were added. In 1898 Mr.Rockefeller and Mr. Field united in addingto the site the two blocks north of thecentral quadrangles, to be used for athleticpurposes, later officially named Stagg Fieldin honor of A. Alonzo Stagg, for so manyyears the beloved director of Athletics.Meantime Mr. Rockefeller, looking farinto the future, and anticipating the con­tinued development of the institution he hadfounded, entered upon a series of transac­tions fairly bewildering in their promise offuture University development. He in­structedMajor H, A. Rust, the Universitybusiness manager, to begin to purchase forTHE STORY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOhim lands in any and all the blocks frontingsouth on the Midway Plaisance for a dis­tance of about three-quarters of a mile, fromWashington Park on the west to Dorches­ter Avenue on the east. When in 1903Wallace Heckman became business man­ager, the commission to continue thesepurchases of land was transferred to himand was so industriously executed by himthat in the end the University found itselfin possession, lacking perhaps 400 feet fronton side streets, of the entire ten blocks fromWashington Park to Dorchester Avenue,including the whole of the Midway front.There were many dwelling and apartmenthouses on these blocks, but all were pur­chased and deeded to the University. Thetotal cost to Mr. Rockefeller of these pur­chases north of the Midway was $1,647.-000.But this was not all. Mr. Rockefellerseems to have determined, while he wasabout it, so to enlarge the Universitygrounds as to make provision for any pos­sible future expansion. Mr. Heckman,therefore, was encouraged to transfer hispurchasing activities to the blocks frontingon the Midway Plaisance along its south­ern boundary. He pushed the good workso successfully that in a few years he hadsecured the Midway front on the south forthe entire distance covered by the holdingson the north side, about three-quarters ofa mile. When these lands south of the Plaisance were all turned over to the U ni­versity, it was found that these extraordi­nary purchases north and south of the Mid­way Plaisance had, together, cost Mr.Rockefeller $3,229,775. This was a stepin expansion taken by the Founder himselfon his own initiative. Although there wasamong the trustees more or less knowledgeof what he was having done, no one hadany positive assurance that the purchasedblocks would be given to the University.They were purchased for Mr. Rockefeller.They belonged to him to do with as hepleased. The University did not ask himfor them. The purchases and the successivegifts were his own acts, Wheri these pur­chases were added to the University groundsthe new Chicago campus was found to com­prise a hundred acres, divided in the centerby the park of the Midway Plaisance.This concludes the story of the varioussteps in expansion taken during the firstthird of a century of the history of theUniversity, excepting only the progressivedevelopment of the great Medical Schoolplans. In an advance movement unparal­leled in educational annals, they developedthe proposed college of 1890 into the U ni­versityof 1924. Almost every year witnesseda new and long step in advance in thatwell-nigh miraculous development which inthis brief period placed the University inthe front rank of the world's institutionsof learning.EMMONS BLAINE HALLBOOI(v]War-Paths of '78Painted Ponies) by A Zan LeMay. New York) Doubleday Doran & Company)' Lon­don) Cassell & Company. 304 pages. $2.00.A LAN LeMAY'S first book is a west­£"\. ern story as you would imagine, en­gagingly presenting cowboys, Indians, andshooting-scrapes; but it is not of the farwest of today he writes, but of the farwest of 1878, which is now prosperousNebraska and South Dakota. "PaintedPonies" is less sentimental than Zane Grey(what I know of Zane Grey) and morehumanly sympathetic, less caricature andmore a study, less highly-colored but noless violent; for those were violent daysfor young men who offended their richerelders, and for Indians who however re­luctantly got "off the reservation."In a way "Painted Ponies" is the storyof Slide Morgan and his blood-feud with Abner Cade, and this is a good story too;but in a more moving way it is the story ofDull Knife's band of Cheyenne Indians,and how they were wiped out because theypreferred the war-path to death by disease.Whether there is any historical accuracyin the incidents I do not know; the bookdoes not pretend to' any, and I have notseen Alan since the days of "English 5."But if not the scholarship, then the honestspirit of the historian is in it, as well asthe excitement of the born narrator.Alan LeMay, '22, is the son of JohnLeMay, '95; his sister is Elizabeth LeMay,'26. I expect to live to read more books ofAlan's, and (I hope also) of Betty's.JAMES WEBER LINN) '97LeMay as a First Lieutenant in the 124th Field Artillery) I.N.G. He IS shown here, he ex­plains) "about to be bit on the right knee by a jug head:"2hzOn Collecting Rare BooksBy GAIL BORDENDepartment of EnglishToo many people, especially young ones,labor under the impression that collect­ing a library is a very tedious, risky, andexpensive business-a hobby for rich oldmen, a thing to be. despised by people whobuy a book altogether for "what's in it."This, of course, is confusion of the worstsort. The ardent book-collector grows old,though not wealthy, in his pursuit, andunless he is an incurable dilettante he can­not put a book on his shelves without firstlearning a great deal of the contents. Ofcourse there are some men who first amasseda fortune and then built a marvelous li­brary (the late Mr. Henry E. Huntingtonis· perhaps the best example); likewisethere are many men who will buy a bookand never open the pages because by sodoing the value of the book is slightly di­minished, but the great majority of col­lectors are people keenly interested in litera­ture, people of moderate means, arid peoplewho find a certain friendship and lastingwarmth in the libraries they have gathered.These are the ones for whom collectinghol-ds the greatest charm. Theirs is a groupto which anyone may belong if he but showhis merit on the early ventures. In orderthat the young adventurer may have someidea of the partially unknown before him Ishall endeavor to explain a few of the manyroutes to the Rare-book Library.First of all, what is a "rare book"? Anold one? Perhaps. A well-bound or well­printed one? Possibly. There is no definitelist of rare books except the not altogethertrustworthy catalogues of book-sellers.Many books. of comparatively early datesmay be had <for a shilling or so, and areworth no more. Likewise one may pay athousand dollars for an outrageously boundset of a work not worth the leather whichencases it. This is indeed one of the com­monest faults of the unschooled bibliophile,this buying of sets of one sort or another.A set of books may have its use; it may bedecorative (though there is nothing more appalling than the ultra-formality of a li­brary of sets) but the wise collector doesnot litter up his shelves with impersonalrows of Works. Of course such things asthe original Kamashastra edition of TheArabian Nights, translated into sixteen vol­umes by Sir Richard Burton, are consideredvery rare. The last one of these I saw ad­vertised went for about two hundred andseventy-five dollars. The reason for therarity, however, lies in the fact that thework was privately printed, and was editedin a most thorough and scholarly fashion.Of course if this set had been bound bysome artist such as Riviere or Sangorsky,the price would just about double. Thiskind of edition is rare and unusual and ismentioned only as an example of the setworthy Of purchase. AS! a general rule itis well for the young buyer to avoid setsexcept as aids to his study. The rarity ofa book is largely controlled by the well­known law of supply and demand; whenthe supply is the most limited, the demandsof the bibliomaniacs are the most insati­able. Some books which were publishedin rather large editions are now expensivebecause they were bought up while theywere quite cheap. This is the general con­dition of first editions of modern authorssuch as Conrad, Shaw, Hardy, and Barrie.Conrad's first editions went up tremen­dously after his death j the latest cataloguesshow some rise in the prices of Hardy"firsts." Whether they will continue toincrease in price is another matter j that ispart of the gamble that a collector of mod­ern editions has to make. He must havefaith in his choice if he buys the works ofcontemporaries. Nevertheless for a personof little means it is wiser to collect modernFirst Editions than it is to collect the olderbooks. As a rule moderns are less expen­sive and are, quite naturally, easier to ob­tain, but that is not the greatest reason forcollecting them. No, the big reason is thatif one is fortunate enough to buy a book264(C biJat msanetl) it (bat fiJGt11lJotll�dt t(jt16 .. in b11181fGnow me ti}at am not 81}lointeD to be fistll,.UU an.,�( treaturt ftJat is b'U.ne of a woman, rnme on tfJe.J;I«.c, fB�e.,ann rtCelne lbp tehJarb UVldJ tbou �aa odautbfo) tlJp pafneS,mtll tlJtrtuitbaU be lilteD bp bis thlm�b�, tbtnldllg't1J baue aaine biltJ. �15ut �aktlutfc qulekttc aUOibit1; from bi� bOitre,per be ca.,te at btw,811t\urr£1l (tnt 1lJ bts nakctt rwQl�b 39" inbisbglln) tateng: �t is true �akbttb, ann nobJlI)aU tblue tnratiabkaueLtie,�aue all mb, fc* .l.�nt. ce euen be t'bat fbI? wtnarbs baUt toio �of ,Uldtnaslttuet bome of lll!!' motb2t, but dwell out of be.:e ( tuombe: tl.Jtre1l1ttl)alllJt tlept tnto �tm,ant) titre bUtt�ahbrtl)i. in tbt pia". i1I.ben euttht, bts bean from bis t}JoQblaine, Det.,l]e Cat it �POIl apole, an1) b;ougbt itbnto .-11tolme • J1)tstuas tbe ttlb of .ahbctIJ, aletfJ� babrtfgneb I 7 !�"' OU" tije �totttl)men. 3rt tl;e b,tsginntn, of bb$ tefgne be atco,"pUtl)ebmatlie:wtn�ttl.Jfc acts, \lerle p�fftable to tI)t common- hlealtb (aspc �aue bearb) bat aft"waro bp tuuUO" of � tH.udl, bcnefamrbtbe tame tutti) men tcrr'ble([u![�(01)7. Io.M. tie. �e tuas fiaine hl,tlJe ,,�t� of tl)c tntlrnanon,TO 6 t :-H. B:- 1057, anb m tfJt 16 pttte of km� (ij;lltuarllS relgl1e- f H� B: Doer tbt <ltngti1l)mcn.A paragraph from the Second Edition of H olinshed's Chron­icles. Shakespeare might have read these very pages. The ac­quaintance was indeed worth the fight I had to make it.266 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEfor little or nothing and then sees the priceof that book soar to dizzy heights he willbecome, once and for all, an enthusiasticcollector and will never stop until he hasobtained everything written by the authorof his "find." From that point he willbranch out and in time he will have a li­brary of which anyone would be proud.Of course there is the question, what isa First Edition? How will the buyer knowthat he has "firsts"? The matter of know­in g one particular edition from. another is ascience in itself, and the beginner is com­paratively safe in taking a competent book­seller's word. Publishers resort to manydevices nowadays in order to make the pro­spective buyer think he is getting a "first."I recall one example particularly. WhenEdna St. Vincent Millay's opera, TheKin/ s Henchman, was published in bookform, the publishers made two editions al­most simultaneously. One of these wasmarked "First Edition"; the other gavenothing but the year, name of publishersetc.-the usual form of a modern FirstEdition. The paging, lettering, and spac­ing of the two were identical. The editionmarked as the "first" was sold first-inN ew York I believe the whole edition wentin two days-and the other edition was puton sale. Many people who thought theywere making good "buys" (Miss Millay'spoems bring high prices) rushed into thebookstores and bought not one, but sev­eral copies of the opera. Imagine theirconsternation when friends showed themsimilar editions except for the two littlewords which pronounced the final judg­ment. Of course the party of the first partno doubt rushed back to the book-store todemand justice. Some sellers took back theeditions in order to keep the customer;others, not so easily moved, said, "Sorry,sir, but we did not advertise the book as aFirst. Edition." N ow in such a case thebuyer has no one to blame but himself; if,on the other hand, he had seen the bookadvertised in a catalogue as a First Editionhe could naturally claim his money. It isfairly safe, then, to buy on the statementof the dealer. Booksellers are honest souls-and trusting. They will rectify mistakes. and they will never pester you about moneyunless, of course, you lag too far behind inpayment. The English booksellers are thekindliest in this respect, I have found.In choosing a First Edition of an earlydate there are more. difficulties. You maybuy an advertised "first" and still not beconvinced that it is such. Of course, theagent is not at fault because he no doubthonestly believed the book to be what heclaimed it. As a rule the bookseller is verycareful and thorough. In my short periodof collecting I have not bought one spuri­ous article. If, however, I were in dangerof keeping a book which was not gen­uine, I should "put it to the test." I shouldcompare it with other like editions, if suchwere to be had, and in any event I shouldgive it all the trials advocated by experts.An exceptionally good book for all collec­tors is Ronald B. McKerrow's Introduc­tion to Bibliography. This book 'outlinespractically every test possible for determin­ing the authenticity of an edition.Another sort of "rare book," the col-'lecting of which is becoming daily morepopular, is the "de luxe" .edition. This isthe book of exceptionally good format-awell-printed book, a beautifully illustratedbook, or an artistically bound book. Il­lustrated and well-bound books are riskypurchases for the beginner, but books fromhighly esteemed presses are generally good"buys." William Morris was one of thefirst to conceive the idea of making a bookfor the book's sake, and the work done byhim at the Kelmscott Press stands as a'monument to the bookmaker's art. Sobeautiful are the books that were turnedout from his press, so carefully were thesubjects chosen that any Kelmscott Pressbook now sells for several times its origi­nal value, and the press was started onlyin 1888. A good many modern pressesare carrying on Morris's idea of the bookbeautiful. Some of the better Englishpresses are the Ashendene, the Nonesuch,and The Golden Cockerel. Each of theseendeavors to turn out not only a hand­some book, but one with a good text and,one worthy the printing and the crafts­manship. The books of all these pressessell at a comparatively low figure whenpublished, and I do not know of a singleinstance where they have not gone up inprice immediately afterwards.A great many collectors go in for special­ization-s-that is, the collecting of all pos­sible concerning one author or one field.There is some ground for this. procedure,but it seems to me that for a person withlimited means such collecting is inadvisable.I started out collecting the First Editions ofone Nineteenth Century poet only to findafter I had collected thirty-nine books byand about him that there were three of hismost insignificant poems to be had, eachBOOKSof which would cost more than my entirecollection. Naturally I gave up for thetime being the idea of specializing. Amuch more sensible plan, it seems to me,is to buy what you can afford wheneveryou can. Be judicious and buy things thatyou think will be lasting and valuable, andbuy only the items which hold some charmfor you. Then will you be able to sit ina comfortable chair near your books witha feeling that you are among friends, eachone with a flavor all his own, each onerecalling some fight you had to make hisacquaintance.Colophon of the Nonesuch PressEdition of The Book of Psalms.268 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE1Xr:?;��,-,,�· om pre)llt 1 to hem .lUC rbattlcrlmc this lite! rrervs or. rcdc. thAt if tbcr be ,my­thy»g- in it th.lt lihcth hem.tlMt th(rof they th,\llh�np;;:.::;W�"""iI!I cure J..ord ;hcau Criat. of","om proce(leth al wit And at goo<1n(09(.JJn(iifrherb€ <\")lth)l"g th.ltdisplcO( hem.'i '1 pr(}'� hem atao th.lt they arrctre it to thedet'autcofmynunltonnyng-�,.'ndn.\ttomyw}'t, thal wOlde fut f3)'n h,we 6c)'d bcrrrcif Ib:tdde had kormyng-(. for OUI'( bolteseith: lit thllt is.writcn is writen for OUI'(�o(tri.n(.;tndthatiam}'n cntcntcpmhcr,"; fore 1 biseke yow mekely. for the mercyof God. that )Ie pre},( for me. that Crist.,3"( mercy on me " fo1')'c'l'l: me my giltes:and namely, of my tl'analal:iouns.tnd en­dityng-ts of worldly v.tnit((s, the whichc 1! .. r(wite in. my retracciOllna: as is 'ehc boohof':tro},lus;:the boot! illoo of famc;'Chcbooltofthe 1'f)met�c J..adiea; 'Che bOOk ofthe Ducbesse; 1:h( book of S(int Vahm­tyTi.(S da, of the par(�m�t of Sl'iddttl;'1:be 'Cates of Caunt(tbury, thilhe tbat acwncn into8'fnl1c:'Chc book of theJ..coun;and m.m)' anotbcr booh; if thcywcr( in m')lremembrance: and manv a oon9'. arid many.1 lcccbcroue Ll)?; tbat Crist. for hia g-retemercv, forycvc me the synncPSut of therranauctoun of Hoee" de ConsotaC{onc,"'othcrcboohcsofLegcndcaofSdntcs,andornctiea, and moratirce, &1 devcctcun, thatrhanhe Loure Lord 1hceu Crist and bisb�ioful moodCI'.&1.1UC the O(int.csofhev�c;btschYllg'C hem that the), from bennes­forth, unto mv lyvc9 ende, sende m� gracetoblw.l)'lcm)'giltc9.&tostudietothesal�"aciolln ofm)' sou I.e ; and gr.tunt( me g-rac(ofv�rra)' penitence. con f(ssk)lm and satiSJfa(Cloun todoon in this present tyf; tburghthe bcnig-nc graa of hym that ta Ryug ofhynges • and preesr over atte preesres, thatboghtc us with the precious blood of hisberre: eo th.ltl mJY been ecn of hem at theday ordoome rhatabuuebeaaved, Qui cumpatre et Spiritu Sane to vi via et re91la$Deus P(t omnia secuta, limen.ftc(t( is �ded the b¢oh of thl! 'Cates ofCaunterbury, compiled b'}' G(ft'rey Chau-'ctr,ofwhOs aoulejhesu Crist have mere,.Fimen.Two pages from the Kelmscott Chaucer. Some criticsBOOKS'Co thee 1 flet, (onfo.IJl'lded in ClTOurlhelp and tet(v�, thcu mighry d,cbonaire,[),WI! mfrc), on my J,'>(l'ilceua langoul'IV(n,quioshcd me hath mv �r\lel advel't'Mil't.00]'[1:€€ so 1\:( h,lth in th)'n "ntchis rente,"Cb.lt wet 1 WOf thou wolt m}'soccor be, .:t::hou caner not warn e him that, with gO¢dentente,}beth thyn hdp. 'Chyn hertc is a'V 60 fret.'Chou art targtsst of pte}'n fdicite(,'n,,"en of ,(fut, of quiete and of rt8tt,Lo, how that thC'\)fS sfVetn chasen melfielp, tad)' bright,erthilt my ship tO/brtst(l:MfORt is noon, but in 'Vow, ladyden,for to,m)1sinnt and m" confusioun,IDhichoughten notin thy presence apPt1't,fian take on rut a 9"I'C"OU6 acdounOf "(my right and dcspt1'adoun;Hnd,as by right, tht)' ritighttn wei suat(U('Chat I were worthy my dampnaooun,tim mere}, of you, bttsfu.t hellene quene,. der this the most perfect book ever made.Chicago Set to MusicThe University of Chicago Song Book) edited by the Undergraduate Council) publishedby the University of Chicago Bookstore. 120 pages. $2.00SING me the songs of a nation, and youhave told me an important part ofthat nation's history. Sing me the songs ofmy own University, and you bring beforeme an unforgetable part of my life.The new Chicago Song Book accom­plishes this. It tells many a story that mightotherwise have been forgotten.I ts cover is brilliant in maroon and goldand with the crest of the University ofChicago.Its format is a joy.I t contains a new arrangement of theAlma Mater, the most popular songs andyells used on Stagg Field, the rhythmic"hits" of the Blackfriars, a marching songof each of the Big Ten universities, andsongs of Harvard, Yale, Princeton, Penn­sylvania, Dartmouth, and Cornell.I t contains songs that. have marchedChicago to victory more than once.Many of them are new, but the mostcherished are those that have entered theborderland of folklore. They are for alltime and will keep Chicago singing forgenerations to corne; they possess perennialcharm; fresh and sweet as the prairie winds,they are renewed each autumn when thereferees' shrill whistle sounds across a thou­sand gridirons to mark the beginning ofa new season.When the University of Chicago is asold as Oxford these folksongs will still besung; they will be more precious, for foot­ball songs, like old wine, take time toacquire a fine bouquet.They comprise the entire song history ofChicago football; they are woven into thevery woof and warp of our University life,as unfading as the Maroon of our flag.When sight and sound of the campusFade in the long busy years,Yet will return in the memoryEchoes of old songs and cheers. To an honored flag,To a loyal team,To "Old Man" StaggAnd his splendid dream,To the days so rare,That are gone too soonTo the game played fair'Neath the old Maroon."More and more do the Alumni returnto the old haunts to see the football gamesand to renew memories of those gladdestdays of their whole lives, those college days.Again the Old Grad joins in singing:Wave the Flag of old Chicago,Maroon the color grand.Ever shall her team be victorsKnown throughout the land.With the grand old man to lead themWithout a peer they'll stand.Wave again the dear old banner,For they're heroes every man.Doesn't just the lilt of that dear oldtune bring back, like a dream, memoriesthat have been laid away in sweet lavenderfor many a year? Memories of that coldOctober afternoon so long ago? She is byyour side - both snug in fur coats andfeet deep in robes-a big game atmosphere-bands-colors-c row d s-thousands ofyoung voices, mingling with the roar ofthe mighty city, roll out over the bluewaters of the Lake, the greatest symphonyin the world-"Wave the Flag of old Chi­cago!"I t is a battle of the old rivals-Chicago-Illinois. Things go wrong in the secondhalf-sounds swoon away to a humming-Stagg, grim, determined as Napoleonat the Pyramids, watches every move ofthe battle-then-through the magic of theman-through the messages of cheer thatgo out on the swelling tide of songs andyells-And we will fight on! Chicago will win,Fight on! We'll never give in;Hold high the flag of Maroon,As high as the sun at noon.270Things begin to happen!Breath-taking tackles-thrilling runs thatsend the cheerleaders into ecstasies-andopen the dykes of song like a cloudburst­Chicago I-the scoring play-the breakof the game and-Victory!Then the wind and the rain of flyinghats, canes, cushions and the thunder of­"Chicago Will Shine Tonight!"By the way, I should be interested toknow the origin or the author of thisdumbbel! j.ingle-Chicago will shine tonightChicago will shineChicago will shine tonightChicago will shineChicago will shine tonightChicago will shineThe sun goes up-the moon goes downChicago will shine.This is a contribution entirely and unique­ly Chicago's own-sung from the Atlanticto the Pacific, from the gulf to Canada, inevery high school, in every town and- city,in every crossroads "Consolidated"-only"Chicago" is changed to "Fry town" orwhatever the name of the school happensto be-"Frytown will shine tonight"- andit nevers fails to lift to the peak.This most popular sports refrain isfortunately not omitted from the SongBook. It belongs here. It is Chicago's own.Then here is a song that always hits thepopular chord hard. Everybody loves it.Whether we win, lose, or draw, this songrings a fierce, undying loyalty to that Princeof Chivalry.He's a grand old StaggThough we don't want to bragAnd his worth we will prove to you soon.He's the idol of the team we loveThat fights for the dear old Maroon( rah-rah-rah )We will stick to him, though we lose orwe win,And our faith in him can't lagThough other coaches be forgot,Take your hat off to grand old Stagg.Here are two verses and the chorus ofthe quaint song "1893." There are sevenverses in all. To the tune, "The Wearingof the Green." BOOKS 271Oh, we came here in the autumn of eight­een-ninety-threeA half a dozen buildings had then theU. of C.Cobb Hall was then the only place wherewe could daily flunk,And in the dear old Drexel "Dorm," wasthe only place to bunk.Chorus-o Chicago, 0 Chicago, how great you'vegrown to beSince first we cast our lot with thine ineighteen ninety-three.The baseball and the football teams werepoor when at their bestBut now they're great, defying fate aschampions of the west;To Morgan Park was quite a trip for teamswhen we first' came,But now we go from coast to coast andseldom lose a game.This silhouette of the U. of C. thirty­four years ago is very well remembered byWorld's Fair visitors when Cobb and theResidence Halls, a bleak group on thebare prairie, was pointed out with pride asthe New University of Chicago.Other Chicago songs in this book are:"Hello Bello," "Campus Evening Song,""Chicago, We're True to You," "C Standsfor Cherished Courage," "Plunge, Plunge,"etc.These football songs, from year to year,carry Chicago's traditions of her victoriesand her heroes. In these songs and yellsthere is the call of the bugle, and theclang of arms and the roll of drums. Thesesongs have wreathed the University of Chi­cago in traditions, as the ivy has wreathedher mullioned windows and her Gothicwalls.Annexed to the football songs are thefavorite ditties of the Blackfriars, a charm­ing cycle of song which comprises just thejoyous, crazy airs that delightful youthfind glee in-guitars, and castles and starsand moonlight."Quadrangle Baby" is there, with its dis­illusioning couplet,It takes a freshman girl to bring collegeto life• • . What's that you say? She's someprofessor's wife?272 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEHalf a dozen songs from later showshave their places: "Is Isabelle In?" whereinDon McGinnis first won his audience'sheart, if not his Isabelle's; "DaguerreotypeDays," the minuet to which Barron andQuinn clogged, after leaping from a giganticfamily album; "I'd Idle Away an IdealDay," a song that always reminds mynephew of a certain May afternoon at theDunes; "Back to the Midway," for whichClyde Keutzer donned his softest voiceand daintiest slippers.And who will not recognize this melody,as wistful and winning as on the night thebashful, silent fat boy first sang it, ridic­ulously garbed in tights with a Kewpieribbon. I wish I was a baby doll, oh gee!As eutie and as purty as could be.All of these songs form a setting for thatmatchless jewel-our Alma Mater-inevery line of which there glows a mysticspell of beauty, like the tints of a pearl­ever changing, ever charming, ever inspir­ing to that life which "is something morethan lore."Although The University of ChicagoSong Book is a select book, intended forstudents and alumni of the University, yetI know of no nicer present for anybody wholoves Youth and F ootball.ALICE HEALD MENDENHALL, A.B. '12,A.M. '14, B.D. '14.Science and SuicideSuicide) by Ruth Shonle Cavan) '21) A.M. )23) Ph.D. )26. G_hicago) the Universityof Chicago Press. 359 pages. $3.00SUICIDE in the United States hasreceived relatively little serious study.I t is not a numerically important item ina list of the causes of death. Moreover,the social taboo on the voluntary termina­tion of life has tended to inhibit investiga­tion of the phenomenon itself. The studentof suicide, like the student of sex and family,is under suspicion: he is shunned as adangerous or unclean person as a result ofhis excursion into sacred or forbidden fields.Such studies as have been made are rela­tively limited in scope and method. Anumber of statistical studies have helped tolocate the problem and to suggest some prof­itable lines of study. But statistics, from thevery nature of the technique itself, can givenothing in the nature of a causal or scien­tific explanation. The physicians and psy­chiatrists have also made certain importantstudies. But in these there is a pronouncedand inevitable bias in favor of physical andmental factors due to the nature of thecases.In the present volume; Mrs. Cavan pre­sents an objective and systematic survey ofsuicide with particular attention to the im­mediate and conditioning factors. In the first part of the volume she gives attentionto the historical and statistical aspects ofthe subject. A brief survey of the history ofsuicide in Europe brings out two signifi­cant facts: The frequency of suicide casesvaries directly with the prevailing socialattitude toward the sacredness of life andthe individual's right to determine its dura­tion, and outbreaks of suicide are coincidentwith periods of rapid social change whenthe traditional social rules are not adequateto the problems of adjustment created. Thesignificance of various factors as climate,racial temperament, religion, and the likeare briefly but adequately treated. It isshown, for example, that the traditionalidea that the suicide rate varies directlywith the rigors of climate is based uponpartial and faulty statistics. The hypothesisthat suicide is a result of traits of racialtemperament is shown to be without ade­quate basis in fact. Race .and climate areminor factors in determining the rate if,indeed, they are factors at all. In thesimpler, highly integrated racial groups sui­cide scarcely exists except in its ceremonialand institutional form.The distribution and analysis of suicidein the "natural areas" of Chicago, taken asa typical American city, is presented in somedetail. The first part of the volume con­cludes with a brief general statement of thethesis of suicide as a function of the socialorganization. In a stable social organizationthe individual is so completely a replica ofthe group that he conforms without con­flict to the group rules and traditions. Butin a complex and cosmopolitan society thesocial rules are numerous and complex,none carties the marks of finality. It is thisconfusion of standards that allows the in­dividual to emerge. But the same absence ofinvariable standards puts upon the indivi­dual the responsibility for his own life or­ganization. It is from the group of personsunable to perfect a tolerable life organiza­tion that the suicides come.In the second part of the study, Mrs.Cavan turns to the analysis of cases andtheir classification into types. She dealswith individual cases, depending upon in­dividual statements, letters, diaries, andother more or less naive documents. It isthis part of the work that is most significantand most in advance, both in method and inresults, of previous studies.In emphasizing the fact that suicide isthe result of. psychological processes andrelated only indirectly to external settingand experience, the author gives the follow­ing schematic statement:A pre-existing favorable attitude towardsuicide plus the encountering of a critical situa­tion for the solution of which accustomed habitsBOOKS 273are inadequate leads to emotions aroused bythe disturbance of accustomed routine and tothe dominance of attention by the disturbedphase of life; this condition creates the feelingthat the situation is both intolerable and ir­remediable, which results in the arousal of thepre-existing attitude that death is a favorablesolution to problems, and finally suicide iscommitted. (Page 3°4).This is the author's nearest approach toa generalized formulation.The reviewer hesitates to comment ad­versely concerning a volume that on thewhole is so admirably done. But it is notwithout point to raise a question concerningthe virtual omission of any comment on thesuicide of men of historic or intellectualimportance. The sources from which casesare drawn appear to be somewhat un­necessarily selective. And it would not havebeen out of place to have included a fairlyadequate statement of what might be termedthe philosophy of suicide. In spite of, or per­haps because of, the obvious effort of thewriter to be objective, there is a distinctovertone of moral condemnation, conse­quently some lack of sympathetic apprecia­tion. To inhibit the conventional standardsis not the same thing as to rise above them;the one gives a bias of which the personis not aware, the other makes it possible toevaluate and discount the ever-present bias.The volume is introduced by a character­istic and penetrating statement by ProfessorEllsworth Faris, under whose guidance thestudy was made.E. B. REUTER} Ph.D. '19• • •In lilY 01)lUIOnBy FRED B. MILLETT� Assistant Professor o] EnglishANYone who comes into possession ofa copy of Trader Horn soon discoversthat he has acquired not only a book buta fascinating acquaintance. And, here asalways, the man is more than the hook.Here as elsewhere, the stature of the manconditions the magnitude of the book. Littlemen do not write big books. I am not contending, of course, that Al�fred Aloysius Horn is a great man or thathe has written a great book. But there isno doubt that his personality is much moreimpressive than his writing. The latterexhibits on every page the ruination ofsuperb material by literary ineptitude andinexperience. The old man's preoccupation274 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEwith literary technic is pathetically divert­ing, yet the sum-total of his fervid effortis a style in which illiteracy struggles withprecise observation and the debris of tenth­rate Victorianism. Furthermore, though hemakes desperate attempts to create suspense,build to a climax, and mould his materialto what he imagines to be the heart's desireof his American audience, any chapter in thebook shows splendidly fresh material ren­dered almost completely ineffective by badcraftsmanshi p.The marvel is (and it is one that, ifproperly considered, would lead us far)that Horn's talk possesses the style which hefailed utterly to get into his writing. What­ever part Mrs. Lewis had in the recordingof Horn's monologues, she has not venturedso far as to prevent the style's being (as wehave been told it should be) the man. Hisdelightful talk is an unconscious criticismof the American dictum that conversationshould be confined to the statement of un­interesting facts. Horn's primary advantageover the rest of us is that he has somethingto say, something that has grown out of along, leisurely, and rich life. Furthermore,'he has had enough of the artist in him tocare about learning to talk. Hardly a sen­tence of his fails to show the artist's touchupon the raw material of the idea. So it isthat it ends by revealing a figure that is inevery sense of the word a character.He is a true nomad, a real primitive. Notthat he is too inefficient or too unstable(like the hobo) to fit into the rigid systemof modern industrial society. The protestthat his life constitutes is a rational one. Heis a natural philosopher, and his system ofvalues does not permit him to live in citypent. "They sure have a meager conceptionof life when they make a man pay for livingin a city. Aye! Myoid animal nature saysstay and eat in the sty but my human naturesays walk into the blue and have faith." A variety of. primitive experience has not de­stroyed faith in the essential benevolence ofnature and of uncivilized peoples. "An oldtree, or a bend in the river'll hang out aflag for you even if you find a few doorsinclined to be shut."Such trusting contact with nature hasleft him sweet and sane, clear-eyed andtolerant. His views of religion and women,of Americans and Frenchmen, of gorillasand Shakespeare, of Scotchmen and the ladymissionary from Cincinnati, of ballads and"the thrush on the lawn, tapping his snailon a stone," would do credit to any trainedintelligence. To an American reader,Horn's frequent comments on our nationalcharacter are inevitably interesting. He hitsoff neatly our passion for facts, and con­crete ones, for novelty and comedy, ouradmiration of goodness especially in women,our skittishness about sex and tragedy. Hereflects the conventional superiority of theEnglish in his remark that WashingtonIrving was "an American but a thoroughgentleman." Perhaps the best of his inter­national observations are: "The May­flower's always been a genteel influence onthe pages of history," "French is a languagewrit in water on the earth's surface. Waterand scent," and "no Englishman's ever agentleman when it comes to taking whathe wants from a foreign country."Of nothing perhaps does he speak so al­luringly as of his relation to Nature. ''I'vealways arrived at the notion that Nature'sa big unknown god we've got to. make termswith without the humiliation of prayer.This constant nudging of the Almighty isa mistake." "Sometimes I feel I'll walkaway with my back to the street and themine and ask the veldt to receive me.'Twould be my last bit of an adventure, tosee what Africa'd do with me. At any rateshe'd be able to offer me a clean bed."�bt linibetsitp of C!Cbicago jlaga?ineEditor and Business Manaoer, ALLEN HEALD, '26A dvertising Manager, CHARLES J. HARRIS, '28EDITORIAL BOARD: Commerce and Administration Association-DoNALD P. BEAN,'17; Divinity Association-C. T. HOLMAN, D. B., '16; Doctors' Association-D. J.FISHER, '17, Ph.D., '22; Law Association-CHARLES F. McELROY, A.M., '06, J. D., '15;School of Education Association-LILLIAN 'STEVENSON, '21; Rush Medical Association­MORRIS FISHBEIN, 'II, M.D., '12.cf/c:J\(T S &9 COM McJ\([---------------0---------------THE college graduate, a little bewil­dered by the broadsides, magazines andbulletins mailed him by his Alumni As-sociation, might find comfortT he Assault in glancing through a collec-on the tion of similar despatchesA lurnnus from other Alumni Associa-tions. He would learn thathis own Alma Mater is by no means aGrand Inquisitor in this nation-wide autoda [e : he would see that escape were im­possible, whatever college he had chosen;and the discovery would soothe him.He would notice, in the trainload ofpaper delivered each week to the Alumniof America, a prevailing purpose: the crea­tion of enthusiasm. The leading article inone magazine would urge him to attend,at whatever hazard, the Forty-secondAnnual Harvest Home Dinner. When heopened a certain form letter, an ingeniouscontraption would cause a great coloredpaper heart to fly up before his face withthe inscription "Is Your Heart in the Cam­paign ?" A page headed "News of theAlumni Clubs" would report a potato racebetween the alumni and the alumnae inUtica, and a tour of the Western Area byan Alumni Field Secretary. A sectionheaded "Who's Who in Alumniland"275 would eulogize and gently josh certaingraduates who have become eminent. Otherpages would report enrolments that havegrown, "drives" that are about to "go over,"and teams that have scored.Our all-seeing alumnus would find manymore elegant appeals than these. News ofthe Alma Mater's intellectual achievementswould sometimes vie with the tales of herathletic feats for prominence in the alumnimagazines. One leading editorial wouldpoint to an honor lately conferred uponOld --- by The Literary Digest, inquoting two of its professors to the extent of"three pages in the same issue." Our friendwould learn that coaches and even presi­dents sometimes accompany the Field Sec­retary on his tours.Even such slogans as "Educate theAlumni" would catch his ear. He would betold that four years is much too short atime for so large an undertaking as thetraining of a human mind; that Commence­ment ought to be regarded as a commence­ment and not as a completion; and that inthe extension of the educational influencesof college into the lives of its graduates, thealumni organization ought to play somepart.He would (if he were a reasonable man)THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEsee considerable logic in such arguments.People continue many of their other activi­ties through adult life; why should theyabandon intensive education at twenty-two?Knowledge, thanks to the generous toil ofscholars, grows from more to more; . butis alumni life thereby enriched? Botany,History, and English Literature are verydifferent now from the same subjects atthe beginning of the century. If the alumnusof 1900 contents himself with obsoleteknowledge, is he getting his money's worthfrom his college education? Or is societygetting its money's worth from him?Our investigator would not be surprisedto learn that a great educational founda­tion has undertaken a careful survey of in­tellectual relations between colleges andtheir alumni. He would be pleased to findone college supplying its alumni with latereading lists; to find another encouraginghim, as an alumnus, to bring his professionalproblems to specialists .on the faculty; tofind the presidents of two or three insti­tutions officially inviting his advice, as analumnus, upon questions of administration.Still, he would sense, even in these ap­peals to his nobler self, a desire to createenthusiasm. The very vigor with whichthe projects were urged would speak omi­nously. He would find himself wonder­ing why an alumni organization must try so hard to "sell" a program whose worthis undeniable. A weary intuition wouldwarn him against the Alumni Secretarywho protests too much;He would (if he were a reasonable man)try to reason away his suspicions. Everygreat human enterprise, he would say, needswide cooperation; and to persuade the aver­age man to cooperate, we must argue thematter with him. The average man is toobusy to notice causes that rest on their ownmerits. The average man insists on being"sold."Our reader of pamphlets would wonder,nevertheless, whether fight-talks really winmany worthwhile converts to the cause ofadult education. He would wonder whetherany broadside or form letter can cause, inthe alumnus on the street, a permanent de­sire to keep up with the growth of knowl­edge. He would ask himself why the alumniassociations do not work more upon theactual process of educating the alumnus,and less upon the persuading him to be edu­cated. The very notion of "educating"grown men and women might strike himas impertinent. Simply' to inform thealumni, accurately and in some detail, ofthe more significant work of their AlmaMater, might seem the chief function of analumni office.A L U.M N IMrs. EDITH FOSTER FLINT, Professor ofEnglish and Chairman of the U niversityWomens' Council, addressed the West Sub­urban alumnae on Wednesday, February 15,at a tea held in Oak Park. Mrs. Flint alsospoke to the New York alumnae at a lunch­eon on Friday, March 3, at the Town HallClub. The affair was arranged by Mrs.Hamilton Rogers (Edith Schwarz' 97) andMrs. Henry Caraway (Glenrose Bell '95).The general progress of the University,especially as it concerns women students,was Mrs. Flint's subject.Dean CHA UNCEY S. BOUCHER willdiscuss the University's undergraduate workat a meeting of alumni at Springfield,Illinois, on April 9.DAVID H. STEVENS, Professor of Englishand Assistant to the President, will addressthe Detroit Alumni Club on April 12.JUNIOR COLLEGE HONOR SCHOLARSHIPSFOR MENA special gift provides sixteen honorscholarships for men receiving their highschool diplomas during 1928. These willprovide for their two years of Junior Col­lege work. The awards will be made inJuly for the two college years beginning inOctober 1928, and they must be used withinthe prescribed period. All men who willreceive their diplomas from accredited highschools in June are eligible. They can ar­range with their principals to report on thetotal of credit to be on record at graduation.Those receiving their diplomas in February,1928, should submit full records of workthrough their local high schools.Selection is based on special recommenda­tions submitted with the usual entranceapplication forms of the University. Theserecommendations are to be from high schoolprincipals and from alumni of the U niver- AFFAIRSMrs. Edith Foster Flintsity. Wherever possible the local alumniclubs will interview candidates and willcooperate with the principals and teachersof schools in selecting the men to be nom­inated on the basis of scholarship, leader­ship, and personality. Distinctive rank intwo of these points is essential for candidacy.AU letters of recommendation and the usualinformation required on blanks for admis­sion to the University from accredited highschools are to be in the hands of the U ni­versity Examiner before July I, and appli­cants may expect announcements within themonth.All honor scholarships for studentsentering the University are subject to theUniversity rule that they may be revokedat any time for failure to carry academicsubjects with distinction.277DR. KARL K. KOESSLER, Professorof Pathology at the Otho S. A.Sprague Memorial Institute and AssociateClinical Professor of Medicine at RushMedical College, died February 13 ofBright's disease. Dr. Koessler, who wasborn in Vienna, November 6, 1880, hadbeen a member of the medical staff of theUniversity for ten years. Last year he pub­lished in the Journal of the American M edi­cal Association a paper dealing with the im­portance of liver and vitamines in the treat­ment of pernicious anemia. The treatmenthas proved remarkably successful, and d ur­ing the last year Dr. Koessler was princi­pally engaged in this field. He had pre­viously engaged in extensive study of highblood pressure caused ?y Bright's disease.A NOTHER unit added to the Univer­.Ll. sity's new medical center when therecent affiliation between the Universityand the Chicago Tuberculosis Institute wasmade February 15. The University and theInstitute will jointly control the EdwardSanatorium at Naperville, 111inois, makingit a center for clinical teaching and expan­sion of research in the nature and cure oftuberculosis. The Institute, which is sup­ported by the sale of "Christmas Seals'" inChicago, will appropriate $10,000 a yearfor research, and will undertake the respon­sibility for the $100,000 yearly budget ofthe Sanatorium. The University will con­trol the medical work and the admission ofpatients.BELIEF that cancer is a disease ofcivilization, seldom afflicting primi­tive man, is challenged by Professor HarryGideon Wells, Chairman of the Depart­ment of Pathology and Director of theOtho S A. Sprague Memorial Institute,in an article published by a German scien­tific periodical. "Cancer is a universal disease, apparentlysparing none of the vertebrates, and similardiseases have been described in other formsof life," Dr. Wells says. "Every knownkind of malignant neoplasm has been de­scribed in members of the black, the brown,and the yellow races. Furthermore, theprimitive people are susceptible to partic­ular kinds of cancer when proper condi­tions exist for stimulating its development.The supposed increase in cancer among the. primitive peoples when they are in contactwith modern civilization, as in the Amer­ican Negro, may well be only a matter ofcivilization revealing the cancers, not caus­ing them.".Explaining the statistics often cited toprove that there is eight times as muchcancer among civilized people as amongprimitive races, Dr. Wells points out thatfew uncivilized people live to the cancer­susceptible age. "The expectation of lifefor males in India is said to be 26.6 yearsas against 54 years in the United States."Improvement in modern diagnosis andrecording of statistics has detected thatmany deaths formerly ascribed to 'old age'or 'causes unknown' are really due to can­cer. Cancer was supposed to be unknownamong the Japanese until modern methodsof detecting it showed that it is about ascommon there as it is in Europe. Canceris a disease of civilization to just the degreethat old age is a disease of civilization."Pointing out that the work of MissMaude Slye in the laboratories of the U ni­versity has shown that cancer susceptibilityis hereditary, Dr. Wells says that it maybe that certain strains of humans are exemptfrom the disease, but that there is no evi­dence to prove that modern civilized menare any more susceptible to cancer thanthe aborigines or that there is any greaterstimulation to cancer in modern practices.278NE\vS OF THEQUADRANGLESBy MARY BOWEN, '30AM 0 N G the newer notes on campusthis month is the little theatre, The(lube, whose open purpose is to produceplays written by students and give an outletfor the suddenly acquired literary and artis­tic leanings of the Quadrangles. It has be­come so popular that even such persons asthe Abbot of Blackfriars and the editor ofthe Maroon may be seen on its boards, whilethe audience is composed of all th� well­known people on campus. In fact, this in­tellectual pose is really the newest thing­the days when it was a disgrace to get betterthan a C in any course seem to have passedfor a time.But the more orthodox pleasures andcustoms are holding their own. Winterquarter still has the Washington Prom, theDeke Ball, the Beta Ball, the Delt Prom,to mention only a few of the social func­tions, and their popularity has not wanedperceptibly. They were, as always, betterthan any before.Mirror, the women's organization thatcorresponds to Blackfriars, is putting onits show March 9 and ro. This year it iscalled "High Heels" and was written byMargaret Emily Carr and Sterling North.From all advance notices, of those rehears­ing in it and those who have seen rehearsals,it promises to be a really good show.Blackfriars, too, is heralded as somethingnew and different. George Morgensternand Milt Mayer wrote it and called it"The House That Jack Built.'·' They swearit is completely unlike any other show.Bartlett Cormack, '22, who wrote aBlackfriars show himself his senior year.takes Hamilton Coleman's place as producerfor Friars. He will take charge of try-outsand rehearsals about April I. Cormack is no apprentice to the musical­comedy trade. As a child he used to hurryfrom school to a little house 00 the WestSide where a third-rate stock company heldforth. He played title roles at the U ni­versity High School, and made the cast ofthe Friars show A Myth in Mandel hisfreshman year at the University. The sameyear, he had the lead in a production by theDramatic Club, acted downtown withMaurice Browne's Little Theatre Companyat the Playhouse, and was pledged BetaTheta Pi.He kept up the pace for four years;finally, he wrote A nvbod y's Girl for Black­friars, '22. He was graduated with honorsin English.He has reported and reviewed plays forthe newspapers, and served as press agentand company manager for the shows. Hisfirst play, The Racket, was produced lastmonth at the Ambassador Theater, NewYork. He is busy now answering the callfor more.When Hamilton Coleman, producer since19 I 4, doffed his cowl last June to becomea Christian-Science healer, the Saints of theMaudlin Monastery scoured the diocese fora fit successor. Cormack: is the man.� � �The new intellectual tendencies are re­flected in the changed character of thePhoenix, as well. This year it has beentrying to be something of a cross betweenthe New Yorker and Vanity Fair, andwhile its success has not been too remark­able, the improvement is worth noticing.The Maroon, not to be outdone, is runninga literary page every 'Friday and a columnin which anyone who feels so inclined cangive expression to his opinion of what iswrong with the University and .the world.I t has proved justly popular.279By VICTOR ROTERUS '29. A S A RES UL T 'Of some business infl. Bartlett gymnasium Saturday, March10, Chicago's gymnastic and fencing teamsemerged as the winners 'Of highest Con­ference honors in their two sports. CoachDan Hoffer's gymnasts, who had met asurprise defeat at the hands of Wisconsinthe week previous, outpointed a field of sixBig Ten schools to win their third champion­ship in a row with comparative ease; whileCoach Merrill's fencers were just a bitmore dexterous than their opponents.The Maroon turners took every firstplace in the meet but the tumbling whereFulton of Illinois wrested the Conferencetitle from Captain Davidson, last year'swinner 'Of this event. Captain Davidson,Flexner and McRoy, all of whom are beinggraduated this spring, did noble work inthe meet. Davidson was the high pointscorer of the evening. Wisconsin was therunner-up in the gymnastic meet withIllinois and Purdue close behind. The fencing team, led by Friedman,Wallace and Nash, Rhodes scholar ap­pointee, had clashed their way to a positionabove Illinois and all the rest when thesword-manipulating came to an end. Fromthe looks of things, these will be the 'Onlytitles that Maroon teams will bag duringthe current season.With a stirring 19-18 victory ever il­linois at Urbana, Norgren's basketball teamclosed a rather turbulent season with a rec­ord 'Of five victories and seven defeats.Changnon's free throw in the last minuteof play, and Gist's four field baskets at oddmoments contributed towards the win.Four players represented the Maroon enthe hardwood court for a last time in thisgame. Seniors Captain Charles Hoerger,John McDonough, Lalon Farwell, and TedZimmerman will leave the quadrangles thisspring to return no more as undergrads.McDonough, Rhodes scholar, and Farwellwill turn their attention exclusively to theirstudies; while Hoerger and Zimmermanhave reported for Fritz Crisler's ball teamwhich is drilling daily in Bartlett.For next winter's cage team, Gist, whowas among the leading scorers of the con­ference, Changnon, Kaplan, Murphy,Cooper and Freeman will be the veteranswhom Norgren will have a chance to choosefrom.In their second game against Michiganat Ann Arbor the basketball team was un­fortunate enough to come 'Out on the shortend of a 25-21 score. Although Hoergerheld Oosterbaan in check, the latter's team­mates managed to slip in enough throwsthrough the hoop to win. Michigan hadwen 28-18 in Bartlett when they managedto pile up ten points in the last two minutes.On February 6 the Maroons took theirsecond victory from Ohio State on the Bart-280lett floor, 27-24. Although Chicago jumpedinto a lead at the very outset, and main­tained it until the final gun, Ohio threateneda number of times. Gist and Zimmermandid the scoring work for the Maroons.Against Illinois, the Maroons went ontheir most spirited scoring rampage of theyear, piling up 52 points while the Suckersgarnered but 26. Norgren unearthed a newfind in this game. After the first few, min­utes of play he inserted a stocky lad, Cooperby name, into the game. Cooper beganthrowing the ball from hither and yon, andsomehow or other the ball found the basket.When the evening was over Cooper hadsunk six baskets and four free throws, andwas considered "varsity stuff."_he grandeur of the newMinnesota field house dazzled the Maroonsso much that they forgot how to play bas­ketball, and consequently dropped a gameto the Gophers, 30-18. McDonough, whohad been appointed one of the Washingtonprom leaders, deserted the glistening' floorof the South Shore Country club, to makethe trip north. Ken Rouse, football cap­tain last fall, batted for him at the Prom:A throng of considerable proportionsgathered at Patten gym to see Northwesterngive the Maroons a 39 to 18 drubbing inwhat had been advertised in the Tribuneas a "civil war." Although the first half wasevenly contested, Walters and his matesplayed in their best manner in the closingperiod, and succeeded in running up thehugest score counted against Chicago thisseason.Among the winter sport teams the gym­nasts and fencers alone remain undefeated.Both are pointed for Conference titles. DanHoffer's turners are exhibiting all the ag­ileness and dexterity that a Hoffer-coachedathlete may be expected to show. VeteransCaptain Davidson and Flexner have beendoing noble work in the meets so far. Pur­due, Ohio State and Ohio Wesleyan havefallen by the wayside before the gymnastsand fencers. Coach Merrill has whippedtogether a group of competent sword-ma­nipulators, among whom, are Wallace andFriedman. ATHLETICS 281Spyros V orres' mat team blotted anotherwise clean slate by losing to Illinois,the Conference champions in this sport forthe last four years. Among the recentwrestling teams that Vorres's boys defeatedwas Minnesota. Penstone and Krogh arethe best bets on the squad.The swimming and track teams havetaken turns in victimizing Purdue andIndiana. The track team also defeatedMinnesota. Captain Dick Williams hasbeen running the half-mile and mile eventsin good times, winning both against theGophers. Gleason spurts the 50-yard indoordash with so much zest that no one hasbeen able to breast him yet. The track teamreceived a jolt, however, when it was an­nounced that big Weaver, whose shot­putting was something to brag about, wasineligible.The first invitation to Stagg's AnnualNational Interscholastic Basketball Tour­nament (an event regarded as important asit sounds) has been tendered the PhoenixHigh team, which won the Arizona title.The tournament at which the best scho­lastic quintets in the country gather will beheld April 4-7.Captain Charles H oeroer, "28.OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO ALUMNI CLUBSAMES, IA. Sec., Marion E. Daniells, IowaState College, Ames, la.ATLANTA and DECATUR, GA. (GeorgiaClub). Robert P. McLarty, Healy Build­ing.AUSTIN, TEXAS. Pres., J. M. Kuehne, Uni­versity of Texas.BALTIMORE, MD. Sec., Helen L. Lewis,4014 Penhurst Ave.BOISE VALLEY, IDAHO. Sec., Mrs. J. P.Pope, 1102 N. 9th St., Boise ..BOSTON (Massachusetts Club). Sec., MissPriscilla Sanborn, I I Fetlow St., Boston.BOWLING GREEN, Ky. Charlotte Day,West. Ky. State Normal School.CEDAR FALLS and WATERLOO (Iowa). Sec.,E. Grace Rait, Iowa State TeachersCollege, Cedar Falls, Ia,CEDAR RAPIDS, IOWA. Sec., L. R. Abbott,374 S. 21st St.CHARLESTON, ILL. Sec., Miss BlancheThomas, Eastern Illinois State TeachersCollege.CHICAGO ALUMNI CLUB. Sec., ArthurCody, 105 S. LaSalle St.CHICAGO ALUMNAE CLUB. Sec., Ellen Le­Count, 5757 Kenwood Ave.CLEVELAND, O. Sec., Mrs. F. C. Loweth,1885 E. 75th St.COLUMBUS, O. Sec., Robert E. Mathews,Ohio State University.DALLAS, TEX. Sec., Rachel Foote, 725 Ex­position Ave.DAYTON, OHIO. Sec., Ada Rosenthal, 1034Grand Ave.DENVER (Colorado Club). Sec., BeatriceGilbert, 825 Washington St.DES MOINES, IA. Sec., Ida T. Jacobs,West High School.DETROIT, MICH. Miss Claudia E Crum­pton, Wardell Hotel, IS E. Kirby St.EMPORIA, KAN. L. A. Lowther, 617 Ex­change St.GRAND FORKS, N. D. Pres., Dr. John M.Gillette, University of North Dakota.GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. Sec., Mrs. FloydMcN aughton, 130 Mayfield Ave., N. E.HUNTINGTON, W. VA. Sec., Charles E.Hedrick, Marshall College.HONOLULU, T. H. H. R. Jordan, FirstJudicial Circuit.INDIANAPOLIS, IND. Sec., Sue HamiltonYeaton, 3340 N. Meridian St.IOWA CITY, IA. Sec., E. W. Hills" StateUniversity of Iowa. KALAMAZOO, MICH. Sec., James B. Fleu­gel, Peck Building.KANSAS CITY, Mo. Sec., Mary S. Wheeler,3331 Olive Street.KNOXVILLE, TENN. Sec., Arthur E. Mitch­ell, 415 Castle St.LANSING, MICH. (Central Michigan Club).Sec., Lucy Dell Henry, Mich. State De-'partment of Health.LAWRENCE, KAN. Sec., Earl U. Manches­ter, 'University of Kansas.LEXINGTON, Ky. Sec., Mrs. Chas. A. Nor­ton, Transylvania College.LONG BEACH, CAL. Pres., Herbert F. Ahls­wede, 2606 E. Second St.Los ANGELES, CAL. (So. Cal. Club). Sec.,Harold P. Huls, 1001 Block bldg.Los ANGELES, CAL. (Rush Club) Sec., Dr.W. H. Olds, Cor. 6th and Hill Sts,loUISVILLE, Ky. G. T. Ragsdale, 2000 S.3rd St. .MANHATTAN, KAN. Sec., Mrs. Daniel E.Lynch, 1528 Prairie St.MEMPHIS, TENN. Sec., Miss ElizabethWilliford, 1917 Central Ave.MILWAUKEE. WIS. Sec., Miss PriscillaTaylor, 4810 Wisconsin Ave.MINNEAPOLIS-ST. PAUL, MINN. (T winCities Club). Sec., Mrs. Dorothy AugurSiverling, 2910 James Ave. So., Minne­apolis.MONTANA. Sec., Dr. L. G. Dunlap, Ana­conda.MOUNT PLEASANT, MICH. Sec., Miss Ger­trude Gill, Central Michigan NormalSchool.MUSKEGON, MICH. Sec., Mrs. MargaretPort Wollaston, 1299 Jefferson St.NEW ORLEANS, LA. Sec., Mrs. Erna Schnei­der, 4312 South Tonti St.NEW YORK, N. Y. (Alumni Club). Sec.,George S. Leisure, 50 Broadway, NewYork City.NEW YORK Alumnte Club. Sec., RuthReticker, 126 Claremont Ave., NewYork City.OMAHA (Nebraska Club). Sec., JulietteGriffin, Central High School.PEORIA, ILL. Sec., Anna J. LeFevre, Brad­ley Polytechnic Institute.PHILADELPHIA, PA. Isabelle Bronk,Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pa.PITTSBURG, KANSAS. Sec., Dr. F. HaroldRush, 818 S. Broadway.282Officers of The University of Chicago Alumni Clubs-ContinuedCLASS SECRETARIESPITTSBURGH, P A. Sec., Reinhardt Thies­sen, U. S. Bureau of Mines.PORTLAND, ORE., Sec., Mrs John H. Wake­field, 1419-31St Ave., S.E.RAPID CITY, S.D. Sec., Della M. Haft,928 Kansas City St.ST. LOUIS, Mo. Sec., L. R. Felker, 5793Westminster Place.SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH. Sec., Hugo B.Anderson, 1021 Kearn Bldg.SAN ANTONIO, TEX. Sec., Dr. EldridgeAdams, Moore Building.SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. (Northern CaliforniaClub). Pres., Bernard B. Burg, 14 Mont­gomery St.SEATTLE, WASH. Pres., Robert F. Sandall,612 Alaska Bldg. 'SIOUX CITY, IA. Sec., C. M. Corbett, 509Second Bank Bldg.SOUTH DAKOTA. Sec., Ionia Rehm, 318S. Spring Ave., Sioux Falls.SPRINGFIELD, ILL. Sec., Miss Lucy C. Wil­liams, 714 First Nat'l Bank Bldg.TAMPA, FLA. Sec., Miss Georgia Borger,2604% Highland Ave.TERRE HAUTE, IND. Sec., Prof. Edwin' M.Bruce, Indiana State Normal School.'93. Herman von Holst, 79 W. MonroeSt.'94. Horace G. Lozier, 175 W. JacksonBlvd.'95. Charlotte Foye, 5602 Kenwood Ave.'96. Harry W. Stone, 1212 Lake ShoreDrive.'97. Donald Trumbull, 134 S. LaSalle St.'9S. John F. Hagey, First National Bank.'99. Josephine T. Allin, 4S05 DorchesterAve.'00. Mrs. Davida Harper Eaton, 5744Kimbark Ave.'01. Marian Fairman,4744 Kenwood Ave.'02. Mrs. Ethel Remick McDowell, II53E. 56th St.'03. Agness J. Kaufman, Lewis Institute.'04. Mrs. Ida C. Merriam, II64 E. 54thPI.'05. Clara H. Taylor, 5925 Indiana Ave.'06. Herbert I. Markham, N. Y. Life Bldg.'07. Helen Norris, 72 W. Adams St.'oS. Wellington D. Jones, University ofChicago.'09. Mary E. Courtenay, 1538 E. Mar­quette Rd.'10. Bradford Gil'l, 20S S. LaSalle St. TOLEDO, OHIO. Sec., Miss Myra H. Han­son, Belvidere Apts.TOPEkA, KAN. Sec., Anna M. Hulse, To­peka High School.TRI CITIES (Davenport, Ia., Rock Islandand Moline, Ill.) • Sec., Bernice LeClaire, c/o Lend-A-Hand Club, Daven­port.TUCSON, ARIZONA. Pres., J. W. Clarson,Jr., University of Arizona.URBANA, ILL. Sec., Gail F. YIoulton, StateGeological Survey.VERMONT. Pres., E. G. Ham, Springfield,Vt.WASHINGTON, D. C. Sec., Mrs. Jessie Nel­son Barber, 3000 Connecticut Ave.WEST SUBURBAN ALUMNAE (Branch ofChicago Alumnae Club). Clarissa Schuy­ler, Oak Park High School.WICH[TA, KAN. Pres., A. F. Styles, Kan­sas State Bank.MANILA, P. I. Augustin S. Alonzo, Univ.of the P. I.SOUTH INDIA. A. J. Saunders, AmericanCollege, Madura, S. I.SHANGHAI, CHINA. Sec., Daniel Chih Fu,20 Museum Rd., Shanghai, China.'II. William H. Kuh, 2001 Elston Ave.'12. Elizabeth A. Keenan, 2701 LelandAve.'13. James A. Donovan, 400 N. MichiganAvenue.'14. John B. Perlee, 232 S. Clark St.'15. Mrs. Phyllis Fay Horton, 1229 E.56th St.'16. Mrs. Dorothy D. Cummings, 636Scenic Ave., Piedmont, Calif.'17. Lyndon H. Lesch, 189 W. Madison'lS. Mrs. Barbara Miller Simpson, 5842Stony Island Ave.'19. Mrs. Carroll Mason Russell, 1039E. 49th St.'20. Roland Holloway, 7536 Essex Ave.'21. Enid Townley, 5546 Blackstone Ave.'22. Mina Morrison, 5600 Dorchester Ave.'23. Egil Krogh (Treas.), 1409 E. 67thPI.'24. Arthur Cody (Pres.), 6727 MerrillAve.'25. Mrs. Ruth Stagg Lauren, 8159'Cornell Ave.'26 Jeannette M. Hayward, 201 S. StoneAve., LaGrange, Ill.'27. Kathleen Stewart, 6631 WoodlawnAve.NEW-S OF THE CLASSE SAND ASSOCIATIONS'98-Frederick W. Hill is engaged inthe investment business at 139 N. ClarkStreet, Chicago.'os-Pearl E. Foltz, 4421 SheridanRoad, Chicago, is connected with the LegalAid Bureau at 203 N. Wabash Avenue,Chicago.'15- Julia F. Conklin teaches French inthe Canton High School, Canton, Illinois.'I5-Mrs. Edw�rd N. Harris (BessieHarvey), AM. '15, A.B. Paku KarenMission, Toungoo, Burma, India, writes "Iam happily filling in the days as a mission­ary, Jill-of-all-trades. Life is never dullout here and ennui is not one of our afHic-. "tions,'21-William H. Grant directs Relig­ious Education at the First Baptist Church,Lansing, Michigan, and is a 'cello instruc­tor on the faculty of the Lansing School ofMusic.'zo-e-Herman Chan En Liu, AM., hasbeen elected President of the Shanghai Col­lege at Shanghai, China.'2a-Mary E. Owen, 40S CanterburyRoad, Rochester, New York, is one of theeditors of Normal Instructor and PrimaryPlans.'23-Martha F. Christ, AM., 3505Adams Street, Chicago, is Professor ofEnglish at Crane Junior College, Chicago.'23-Fred D. Wilson, ex, is Chief In­spector for the Container Corporation ofAmerica located at I I I W. WashingtonStreet, Chicago.'24- Joseph Bowman, S.M., is Profes­sor of Mathematics and Physics at Mc­Pherson College, McPherson, Kansas.'24-Lydia L. Grabbe teaches Latin inBall Teachers' College, Muncie, Indiana.'25-L. R. Hiatt, AM., is Principal ofFort Scott Junior High School and Cen­tral Elementary School, Fort Scott, Kan-Collegesas. His home address is 1023 NationalAvenue, Fort Scott.'25- John H. Johnson, AM., is Super­intendent of Schools at Tremont, Illinois.'25-Isabel M. Kincheloe teaches PublicSpeaking and English in the Morris, Illi­nois, High School. Her home address is7121 Normal Avenue, Chicago.'2S-A. C. Lauder, 5724 MarylandAvenue, teaches Mathematics at LaneTechnical High School, Chicago.'25-Frances F. Mauck, formerly ofBerea, Ohio, is an instructor in the Tex­tiles and Clothing Department of RussellSage College, Troy, New York.'25-Edith Nelson heads the HomeEconomics Department in the High Schoolat Chisholm, Minnesota.'2S-D. A Podoll was appointed Deanof Men and Acting Principal of the HighSchool Department of Western StateTeachers College at Macomb, Illinois.'2s-John F. Putman, A.M. '26, 1126East 56th Street, is an instructor in theSocial Science Department of the U niver­sity High School, Chicago.'25-Mrs. Gladys H. Smith, 35 WrightStreet, Oshkosh, Wisconsin, is a FourthGrade critic teacher in the Oshkosh StateTeachers· College.'25-H. C. Witherington, A. M., for­merly of Martin, Tennessee, is AssociateProfessor of Education at Carson andNewman College, Jefferson City, Tennes­see.'26-Harold G. Caldwell, AM., hasbeen appointed Statistician of the CanadaBiscuit Company, located at London,Ontario, Canada.'26-Florence E. Carman, A.M., headsthe Bible Department of the Baptist Mis­sionary Training School at Chicago.'26-Arthur H. Fritschel, 5740 S.NEWS OF THE CLASSES AND ASSOCIATIONSCarpenter Street, Chicago, is Assistant tothe Personnel Manager. of Swift & Com­pany, Chicago.'26-M. Lucile Harrison, II I8-I8thStreet, Greeley, Colorado, is AssistantProfessor of Elementary Education in theColorado State Teachers College.'26--Mildred Heatter teaches SocialScience in the High School at Spring Val­ley, Illinois.'26--Arthur H. Hert is Research As­sistant in the Bureau of Business Researchat the University of Texas, Austin, Texas.'26--Louise Harriette Howe, 80 Mal­den Avenue, LaGrange, Illinois, teacheskindergarten in the Roxboro School, Cleve­land Heights, Ohio.'26--Mary Newlin is Dean of Girlsand teaches Social Science in the Robinson'T'ownship High School, Robinson, Illinois.'26-Ruberta M. Olds heads the De­partment of Spanish in the Black HillsTeachers' College, Spearfish, South. Da­kota.'26--LueUa Overn is spending her thirdyear as. teacher of Home Economics atIowa State Teachers College, Cedar Falls,Iowa. '26-Norman L. Rice, A.M" formerlyof Durban, Africa, is now located at Map­umulo, Natal, South Africa.'26-George B. P. Schick is engaged inthe insurance business at his home, 692Fifth Street, Aurora, Illinois.'26-Mrs. R. E. Strawn (JosephinePearson), 7153 University Avenue, teachesin the Altgeld School, Chicago.'26-Margaret T. Svendsen, 6600Stewart Avenue, assists in the RecreationService of the Institute for Juvenile Re­search at 907 S. Lincoln Street, Chicago.'26-M.· Evelyn Turner, 5707 Wood­lawn Avenue, is employed in the Exami­ner's Office of the University of Chicago,Chicago.'26-David O. Voss, 201 N. FranklinStreet, Delaware, Ohio, is instructing inLatin and Greek at Ohio Wesleyan Uni­versity, Delaware.'27-Maude Smith teaches English inthe Laurel High School, Laurel, Missis­sippi.'27-Gertrude Whipple, Supervisor ofGrades V and VI in the Los Angeles Pub­lic Schools, lives at 12320 N. KenmoreAvenue, Los Angeles.School of EducationSUMMER QUARTERPLANS for the Summer Quarter of1928 have been made with specialreference to the needs of graduatestudents. An unusually attractive series ofcourses have been planned for superintend­ents, high-school principals, and elemen­tary-school principals. These courses willbe given in part by regular members of thefaculty . and by the following visiting in­structors: J. M. Gwinn, Superintendentof Schools, San Francisco, California, andPresident of the Department of Superin­tendence of the National Education As­sociation; T. W. Gosling, Superintendentof Schools, Madison, Wisconsin; W. W.Beatty, Superintendent of Schools, Bronx­ville, N ew York; and J. L. Bracken, Super­intendent of Schools, Clayton, Missouri, and .Lecturer in Extension, WashingtonUniversity. Courses in the supervision ofsecondary schools and in the curriculum ofjunior and senior high schools will be givenby Professor E. N. Ferris, Cornell Uni­versity, Ithaca, N ew York, and by AssociateProfessor H. H. Ryan of the Universityof Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.The regular courses in educational psy­chology will be supplemented during thesecond term' by courses dealing with psy­chopathic, retarded, and mentally defectivechildren and mental hygiene given by As­sociate Professor William E. Blatz, Di­rector of St. George's School for ChildStudy of the University of Toronto. As­sistant Professor H. Y. McClusky of theUniversity of Michigan and Associate Pro-286 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEfessor E. D. MacPhee of the Universityof Toronto will give courses in the psy­chology of learning and in mental tests.Special provision has been made for ad­ministrative officers of higher institutions.President Frank N. McVey of the Uni­versity of Kentucky will give, during thefirst term, courses in university administra­tion and in instructional problems in col­leges. and universities. During the secondterm President J. C. Brown of the IllinoisState Teachers College at DeKalb, willgive courses in the organization and ad­ministration of normal schools: ProfessorFloyd W. Reeves of the University of Ken­tucky will give during both terms coursesin the financial administration of higherinstitutions and in problems of deans, reg­istrars and other administrative officersand faculty committees. During the weekof July 16 the courses listed above will besupplemented by the Third Annual Insti­tute on Higher Education to which ad- .ministrative officers in colleges, universities,and teacher training institutions are mostcordially invited.The institute for Instructors in LibraryScience which was begun two years agowill be continued during the second termof the Summer Quarter under the directionof George A. Works, Professor of LibraryScience Education and Dean of the Gradu­ate Library School of the University ofChicago. He will be assisted in givingcourses by Professor W. W. Charters andProfessor Frank N. Freeman of theDepartment of Education and by MissHarriet E. Howe, Associate Professor ofLibrary Science of the University of Chi­cago. This is the first time that the recentlyorganized Graduate Library School of theUniversity has had an opportunity toparticipate, in an official way, in the workof the Summer Quarter. In addition toa series of three courses relating to theproblems of library science teachers, Pro­fessor Works has made arrangements forcourses in the use of the elementary-schoollibrary and in the use of libraries in juniorand senior high schools. The theoreticalwork presented in these courses will be supplemented by practical work in the twolibraries of the Laboratory Schools.With the organization of the new Med­ical School on the campus it is now possibleto develop a series of advanced courseswhich represent interests of members ofboth the medicai staff and the School ofEducation. The first series of this kindto be organized will include two courses tomeet the needs of students desiring ad­vanced study in administrative, pedagogical,and ocular problems encountered in workwith children suffering with permanentlydefective vision. The first of these coursesdealing with the administrative and peda­gogical problems will be given under thedirection of Estelle Lawes, Director ofSight Conservation, Cincinnati PublicSchools, who has had close contact with thiswork for many years through actual ex­perience in the field and through thedevelopment of teacher training courses.Mrs. Winifred Hathaway, Associate Di­rector of the National Committee for thePrevention of Blindness, will cooperatewith Miss Lawes in organizing and con­ducting the course. The second Coursedealing with ocular problems will be givenunder the direction of Dr. W. H. Wilder,Emeritus Professor of Ophthalmology,Rush Medical College, and Dr. E. V. L.Brown, Professor of Ophthalmology, U ni­versity of Chicago. Dr. B. Franklin Royer,Medical Director of the National Com­mittee for the Prevention of Blindness,will present the subject from the viewpointof the general practitioner and the publichealth official. These courses are offeredprimarily for the graduate students whohave had previous training in this field.Superintendents and supervisors win beadmitted without previous special trainingprovided they complete an assigned coursein preparatory reading.The Kindergarten-Primary Departmenthas prepared a very attractive program forboth graduate and undergraduate students.A series of courses has been planned forsupervisors and critic teachers which dealswith the general problems of supervisionin this field, with analysis and criticism ofNEWS OF THE CLASSES AND ASSOCIATIONSteaching and with supervision of suchsubjects as the language arts and socialstudies. These courses will be given bythe regular members of the departmentalfaculty and one of the visiting instructors,Professor Florence U. Bamberger of theDepartment of Education, Johns HopkinsUniversity. For students interested in pre­school education special courses in mentaltests and the problems of nursery-schooleducation will be given by Miss MarionMonroe, Research Associate, Mobile Hy­giene Clinic, State University of Iowa.There will be further discussion of thenursery-school curriculum and technique incertain of the curriculum and methodscourses such as "Literature for Children,""Manual Arts," "Physical Education,"and "Curriculum." Members of the reg- ular staff will be assisted in giving the specialmethods courses by such specialists inkindergarten-primary education as MissNila B. Smith, Research Supervisor ofReading, Detroit, Michigan; Miss EllaChampion, Supervisor of Kindergarten andElementary Grades, Niles, Michigan; MissEleanor Johnson, Supervisor of Kinder­garten and Elementary Grades, York,Pennsylvania; Miss Agnes Rice, Instructorin Kindergarten Education, Illinois StateNormal University; and Miss Olive Paine,Department of Education, Yale University.Demonstration classes in nursery, kinder­garten, first and second grades, conductedby regular members of the UniversityElementary School faculty, will supplyopportunity for observation, study, andanalysis of teaching.Commerce and AdministrationTHE Chicago stockholders in the Com­merce and Administration AlumniAssociation held a special meeting in Gray­ling's restaurant January 20. Frank An­derson, president, distributed special divi­dends payable only in person that evening.There- were three of these: a certificate, awarrant, and 100% stock dividend for eachstockholder present.The certificate showed the great amountof work which is being done on the campusin developing research and particularlythat in co-operation with industry. DeanSpencer told a bit of this, and ProfessorBarnes, who is now on leave, told of theplans of the International Advertising As­sociation for which he is now administeringa special research problem.The warrants will allow each person toparticipate in the activities of the Associa­tion during the coming year. Frank An­derson said that a revised program includesone first-class meeting each year to whichall holders of warrants are entitled to bringat least one other person. The warrantswill also permit holders to participate in a wider distribution of information aboutvarious members of the Association andtheir activities. This privilege may be exer­cised by sending your information to RollinD. Hemens, c/o The University of ChicagoPress.A delightfully chatty and personal talkby Albert R. Brunker, president of theLiquid Carbonic Company, was the largestslice of the melon. Mr. Brunker told usof his personal interview with Mussolini,and of the remarkable things this "littlebig" man is doing in Italy. He also re­counted his experiences in Paris whenLindbergh landed and during the youthfulhero's stay in the capital of France.SCHOOL OF COMMERCE ALUMNI'23-Harold E. Christiansen is mana­ger of the Cook County Automobile De­partment of the Lumbermens MutualCasualty Company.'2 I -John A. Logan is sales manager ofBlair and Company, 23 I South LaSalleStreet.288 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE'20- John Gifford and Harold de Baumare with the Sterret Operating Service,Washington, D. C.A. Russell Griffith has joined Frazierand Torbett Public Accountants in Chi­cago.'23-Ralph D. Smith is auditor of theWindermere Company, operating TheHotels Windermere in Chicago .. '25-William B. Harrell has recentlybeen appointed assistant auditor of the U ni­versity of Chicago.'27-WiUiam J. Reilly, Ph.D., is headof the bureau of . business research of theUniversity of Texas.. CHICAGO MAN HEADS NATION�S CERTI­FIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTSPAUL W. PINKERTON, '26, waselected President of the AmericanSociety of Certified Public Accountants atthe Pittsburgh Convention of that organi­zation last month.Although Mr. Pinkerton is technically amember of the class 0'£ 1926, he is knownto a much earlier generation of Chicago. alumni. He was originally a member ofthe class of 1908., but left the Universitywith four majors of work incomplete to­ward his degree. Within the past few yearshe made up these four majors and wasgraduated with the class of 1926.Mr. Pinkerton is a member of Ellis, Pink­erton & Company, Certified Public Account-Alumni and Former Students of theBarron, J aco Bell, ex-'09.Bauer, Walter P.,LL.B. '14.Biggs, Statire Grant, ex-']3.Chien, Shu Fen, J. D. '16.Collins, Walter E., J.D. '05.Crow, William L., J.D. "20.Davis, Miller, J.D. '12.Delany, D�nald D., J.D. '17.Ferguson, Oliver James, J.D. '12.Franklin, Charles Beman, ex-'14.Gehring; Frank Alexander, ex-"; I.Gibson, Rupert C., J.D. '14. .Gualano, Fortunato F., J.D. '20. Paul W. Pinkertonants, of Chicago. He is Past President ofthe Indiana Association of Certified PublicAccountants and is a Director of the IllinoisSociety of Certified Public Accountants.He is known in the profession as theauthor of A ccounting for Surplus, co-authorof Wills, Estates and Trusts, co-author ofCorporation Procedure, co-author of I n­heritance and Estate Taxes) special con­tributor to A ccountants' Handbook.He is a member of the active faculty ofInternational Accountants Society and ofthe Chicago Central College of Commerce .He is a member of the American Societyof University Instructors in Accountingand of the National Tax Association.Mr. Pinkerton is Treasurer of The Exec­utives' Club of Chicago, a member of theHamilton Club, and President of the Mor­gan Park Military Academy Alumni As­sociation.LawLaw School Whose Addresses are UnknownHealion, William C., LL.B. '05.Hess, Phares G., J.D. '12;Hickey, James V., J.D. '09.Hicks, Thomas Elbert, ex-' 11.Hurlburt, David Guy, Ph.B. '99.Jennison, Clarke Saxe, LL.B. '06.McLean, Harold H., J.D. '26.Miller, Owen Orville, eX-I90o.Minson, Gorge Herbert, J.D. '14.Mitoma, Shigeru V., J.D., '20Palmer, Robert H., J.D. '12.Pirtle, Allwyn W., LL.B. '22.Porter, Richard Havelock, eX-�2o.·'NEWS OF THE CLASSES AND ASSOCIATIONSRush Medical CollegeLETTER FROM A RUSH MAN� '69Dear Gentlemen:I enclose check of $2.00 for my annualdues. This will likely be the last timethat I will be able to send it. I am closeto 80 years old and very deaf, have loco­motor ataxia, lupus and other infirmities.I graduated from Rush Medical Collegein 1869, have practiced in and around Chi­cago ever since, have now retired. I amsatisfied with my Life's work, been success­ful in whatever I undertook but my bodyis now wore out. I came to Chicago withmy parents at the age of 5 years in 1853when Chicago had only 40,000 inhabitants,no sewers, no water, we had to buy it fromthe wagon at the rate of I ct. a pail. Thestreets in the loop were not paved, in therainy season there. were signs of no bottom.The great Chicago fire compelled me" tomove to Park Ridge where I have practised every since. I have been only a Countrydoctor. No road was too long or night toodark or storm too severe to keep me fromanswering a sick call even if I never gotmy payor had to take it out in farm prod­ucts. In those days there were no pavedroads, no telephone, 2 trains a day none onSunday, no sewer at the Jefferson Poorhouse or insane asylum, but the seweragewas allowed to flow in open ditches to theriver along Irving Park Boulevard, whichthere caused Diphtheria and Typhoid feveralmost in every house. I often walked itfrom Park Ridge to Irving Park on acct.of the bad roads. I have lead a pioneerslife, but if it has been hard it was happy.MyoId patients still hold me in gratefulremembrance.Yours truly,G H. FRICKE, M. D.Doctors of Philosophy(Further notes on the activities of the Departments and of their alumni will be found in NewsLetters to be mailed by each Department to its Doctors and Masters.),I n Political Science1905-Walter Fairleigh Dodd is nowProfessor of Law, Yale University, NewHaven, Connecticut.1907-Augustus Raymond Hatton hasleft Western Reserve University, Cleve­land, Ohio, and is now Professor of Politi­cal Science, Northwestern University,Evanston, Illinois. He took an active partin the Chicago Institute of Local Politicsorganized in 1927.r cz r-s-Leonard Dupee "White, Professorof Political Science, University of Chicago,has been making a study of organizationsof English Civil Servants on a GuggenheimFellowship. He has recently been ap­pointed Executive Secretary of the LocalCommunity Research Committee, U niver­sity of Chicago, Vice-President of the In­ternational Congress" of AdministrativeSciences, Associate Member of the Institute of Public Administration (London), As­sociate Member of the Institut de DroitPublic, and Member of the Board of Trus­tees of the National Institute of PublicAdministration (New York). His latestbook is The City Manager.1922-Harold Foote Gosnell, AssistantProfessor of Political Science, Universityof Chicago, is engaged in finishing a studyof popular participation in European elec­tions. He is also supervising a study ofprecinct committeemen in Chicago. Hehas recently produced Getting Out theVote.1923- Joseph Pratt Harris has beenpromoted from Assistant Professor to As- "sociate Professor of Political Science, U ni­versity of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.He is now working on a study of Wiscon­sin election procedure.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE1923-10seph Bush Kingsbury is withGriffenhagen and Associates who are nowmaking a study of Ohio State Government.1924-Martin Luther Faust, AssistantProfessor of Political Science, Universityof Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, ismaking a study of. Regional Planning IIIPittsburgh.1924-Louise Overacker, Professor ofPolitical Science, Wellesley College,Wellesley, Massachusetts, is completing astudy on Money in Elections which wasstarted by Professor Victor J . West of Le­land Stanford University.1926-Herman Carey Beyle, AssistantProfessor of Political Science, Universityof Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, hasbeen appointed to the faculty of the Schoolof Politics, Syracuse University, Syracuse,N ew York. He is now making an analysisof Legislative Groups in Minnesota. Hisbook Governmental Reporting in Chicagohas been published by the University ofChicago Press.1926- Victor Kenneth Johnston is nowAssociate Professor 0'£ Political Science,Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.1926-Harold Dwight Lasswell, Assis­tant Professor of Political Science, U ni­versity of Chicago, has been appointed toone of the Social Science Research CouncilFellowships to make a study of the psychi­atric approach to politics. He is now work-In HistoryJames Westfall Thompson, Ph.D. 1895,professor of mediaeval history in the U ni­versity of Chicago, has just publishedthrough the University of Chicago Pressa volume of studies upon the history ofGermany in the Middle Ages, entitled"Feudal Germany." He also has in pressto be published by the Century Company inthe spring another work entitled "An Eco­nomic and Social History of the Middle. Ages." Professor Thompson is a Fellowof the recently founded Mediaeval Acad­emy of America and has been elected aFellow of the Royal Historical Society anda Corresponding Member of the Konigs- ing on scientific methods in the socialsciences for the Social Science ResearchCouncil. He has recently published Propa­ganda Technique in the World War.1926-Marietta Stevenson is doing legaland field work in the Children's BureauWashington, D. C. . .,1926-Amry Van den Bosch, AssistantProfessor in Political Science, Universityof Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, haspublished Dutch Neutrality during theWorld War.1926-Carroll Hill Wooddy, AssistantProfessor of Political Science, Universityof Chicago, is completing a study of Eng­lish nominating methods.1927-Roy Victor Peel is AssistantProfessor of Government, WashingtonSquare College, N ew York, New YarkCity, N ew York.1927-Fred Lewis Schuman is instruc­tor in the Political Science Department,University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.1927-Elizabeth Anne Weber andMadge M. McKinney are both instructorsin Political Science, Hunter College, NewYark, N ew York.1927-S. H. Tan is appointed to thefaculty of St. John's College, Shanghai,China.1927-H. C. Wang is traveling inEurope.berger Gelehrte Gesellschaft during thepast year. On October 26 he delivered anaddress before the American Banker's As­sociation at their annual Convention inHouston, Texas, upon "Banking and BigBusiness during the Renaissance" whichhas been widely quoted in banking journals.James Fosdick Baldwin, Ph.D. 1897,professor of history in Vassar College, con­tributed an article entitled "The Chanceryof the Duchy of Lancaster" to the February(1927) number of Bulletin of Institute ofHistorical Research. The April number ofthe English Historical Review contained anarticle by him on "The Household ofNEWS OF THE CLASSES AND ASSOCIATIONSThomas of Lancaster." This year ProfessorBaldwin will attend the summer session ofthe University of Colorado.Charles Truman Wyckoff, Ph.D. 1897;is professor of history, head of the depart­ment, and dean of the College in BradleyPolytechnic Institute, Peoria, Ill. Follow­ing the death of President Burgess, he wasacting president in 1925. After a newpresident was secured, the office of Deanof the College was created and ProfessorWyckoff was appointed to that position. In1924 Knox College conferred upon himthe honorary degree L.H.D.George Clarke Sellery, Ph.D. 1901, pro­fessor of history and dean of the college ofliberal arts in the University of Wisconsin,is co-author with Professor A. C. Krey ofthe University of Minnesota, of a historyof the Middle Ages announced to appearthis spring.Elmer Cummings Griffith, Ph.D. 1902,professor and head of the department ofeconomics and business administration inKalamazoo College, is chairman of a com­mittee appointed by the trustees of the col­lege "to study centennial plans and to col­lect historical and pictorial material" forthe approaching centennial of this institu­tion, which claims to be the oldest collegein . Michigan. Professor Griffith is alsoacting president of the Kalamazoo RotaryClub.Frances Gardiner Davenport, Ph.D.1904, for over twenty-two years "a valuedmember of the Department of HistoricalResearch in the Carnegie Institution ofWashington, died at Washington on N 0-vember 11." In the current (January)number of the American Historical Review,pp, 464-65, a well deserved tribute is paidto Miss Davenport as a scholar of high rankand as a woman of elevated character andunfailing kindness.Charles Oscar Paullin, Ph.D. 1904, re­search assistant in the Department of His­torical Research in the Carnegie Institutionof Washington, has recently published astudy on the "Origin of the ContintentalNavy" in the Proceedings of the UnitedStates Naval Institute.Julian Pleasant Bretz, Ph.D. 1906, is a member of the faculty of Cornell U ni­versity, where he has been professor ofAmerican history since 1910.Marcus Wilson jernegan, Ph.D. 1906,professor of American history in the U ni­versity of Chicago, was a me=ober of thesummer school faculty at Harvard U ni­versity last year. The October numberof the American. Historical Review con­tained an informing article by him on "Pro­ductivity of Doctors of Philosophy in His­tory." Professor J ernegan has in press abook entitled "The American Colonies,1492-1750," which is soon to be publishedby Longmans, Green and Company. He hasrecently been elected a correspondingmember of the Colonial Society of Massa­chusetts.Milo Milton Quaife, Ph.D. 1908, secre­tary-editor for Burton Historical Collec­tion of the Detroit Public Library, hasrecently edited the original narratives ofGeorge Rogers Clark and of GovernorHenry Hamilton, and these materials havebeen published by the Bobbs-Merrill Com­pany under the title "The Capture of OldVincennes." Dr. Quaife is also the editorof William L. Manly's "Death Valley in'49," brought out by the Lakeside Press.A paper on "Detroit and George RogersClark," read by Dr. Quaife before theIndiana Historical Society last December,is shortly to be published by the Society.Dr. Quaife is managing editor of the Mis­sissippi Valley Historical Review and ofthe Burton Historical Collection Leaflet.James Garfield Randall, Ph.D. 19II,associate professor of history in the U ni­versity of Illinois, will teach at DukeUniversity this summer. His book "Con­stitutional Problems under Lincoln" wasrecently published by Appleton. ProfessorRandall has collaborated with T. C. Peasein the editing of a work to which referencewill be made further on in this article; also,he is a contributor to the Dictionary ofA merlcan Biography and to the AmericanOfficial Sources for the Economic and So­cial History of the W o rid War.Dice Robins Anderson, Ph.D. 1912, hasbeen president of Randolph-Macon Wom­an's College since 1920. To the second292 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEvolume of the series "Secretaries of State"President Anderson has contributed anaccount of the work of Edmund Randolph,Second Secretary of State.Cleo Carson Hearon, Ph.D. 1913, pro­fessor of history in Agnes Scott College,Decatur, Georgia, died there on January1 I. The passing of "Miss Hearon hasbrought great grief to the circle of her as­sociates and friends who mourn the loss ofan inspiring teacher and an unusually sym­pathetic. counselor.Judson Fiske Lee, Ph.D. 1913, formerlyprofessor of economics in Lewis Institute,Chicago, was recently made professor andhead of the department of business admin­istration in the same institution. An articleon the "Social and Economic Effect of theAutomobile," read by Professor Lee beforethe Chicago branch of the Society of Auto­motive Engineers, has been published in theJ ournaI of the Society.Heinrich Herman Maurer, Ph.D 1913,professor of history and head of the depart­ment of social sciences in: Lewis Institute,Chicago, has prepared a series of fourarticles for the American J ournal of S ociol­ogy,' the first article, on "Religious andPolitical Sectionalism," appears in the cur­rent number of the Journal.' In MarchProfessor Maurer will read a paper on arelated subject before the American ChurchHistory Society. He is also at work on ahistory of the German-Americans.Wilmer Carlyle Harris, Ph.D. 1914, isprofessor and head of the. department ofrEuropean history ill Ohio University,Athens, Ohio.Theodore Calvin Pease, Ph.D. 1914, pro­fessor of history in the University of Illi­nois, is the author of a volume on UnitedStares history entitled "The United Stares,'which, though intended chiefly for collegeclasses, is certain to interest the generalreader as well. He is also joint editor withProfessor Randall (see above) of "TheDiary of Orville H. Browning," publishedas Volume XX of the Illinois HistoricalCollections. Professor Pease has recentlybeen lecturing before the Chicago HistoricalSociety on topics in Western history.Theodore Henley Jack, Ph.D. 1915, pro- fessor of history and dean of the graduateschool in Emory U niversity, Georgia, afterhaving received an honorary degree lastJune, spent the summer in Europe. A paper• by Dean Jack on "The Preservation ofGeorgia History" was printed in the Julynumber of the North Carolina HistoricalReview J and he has completed several ar­ticles for the Dictionary of American Biog­raphy.Reginald Charles McGrane, Ph.D. 1915,professor of history in the University ofCincinnati, will offer two courses in theUniversity of Chicago next summer quarter.Donald McFayden, Ph.D. 1916, Wil­liam Eliot Smith professor of history inWashington University, St. Louis, is theauthor of a book entitled "Understandingthe. Apostles' Creed" which was publishedin September. At the meeting of the Amer­ican Historical Association in Washington'last December Professor McFayden reada paper on "The Augustan Settlement Re­considered. "Francis Joseph Tschan, Ph.D. 1916, hasbeen promoted to the rank of associate pro­fessor of European history in PennsylvaniaState College. He is also a member of theinstructional staff of the Home-Study de­partment in the University of Chicago. Pro­fessor Tschan has in preparation an Englishtranslation of Helmold's "Chronica Slav­orum" for the Columbia University seriesentitled "Records of Civilization."Laura Amanda White, Ph.D. 1917, pro­fessor of history in the University of W yo­ming, is now in the East on leave of absence.Einar Joranson, Ph.D. 1920, associateprofessor of history and secretary of thedepartment of history in the University ofChicago, has contributed an article on "TheGreat German Pilgrimage of 1064-1065"to the memorial volume soon to be publishedin honor of Professor D. C. Munro.Albert Burton Moore, Ph.D. 1921, pro­fessor and chairman' of the department ofhistory and dean of the graduate school inthe University of Alabama, has just pub­lished a comprehensive history of the state(of Alabama and is contributing articles tothe Dictionary of American Biography.Joseph Lyman Kingsbury, Ph.D. 1922,NEWS OF THE CLASSES AND ASSOCIATIONSis professor of history, not in the State Col­lege for Women as was indicated in thelast edition of our Register of Doctors ofPhilosophy and in departmental announce­ments, but in the North Texas State Teach­ers' College, Denton, Texas.Louis Martin Sears, Ph.D. 1922, pro­fessor of history in Purdue University, hasleave of absence from that. institution forthe year 1927-28 and is teaching in DukeUniversity, taking the classes of ProfessorRippy who has recently returned fromEurope and intends soon to visit SouthAmerica. Recent publications by ProfessorSears include "Jefferson and the Embargo"(Duke University Press), "A History ofAmerican Foreign Relations" (Crowell) ,an article on "French Opinion of the Span­ish-American War" in the Hispanic A mer­ican Historical Review for February, 1927,and another article on "The Human Sideof Francis Lieber" in the January (1928)number of the South Atlantic Quarterly.The first named book of Professor Searswas favorably reviewed in the LondonTimes under the caption, "A Pacifist Ex­periment."Warner F. Woodring, Ph.D. 1922, isprofessor and head of the department ofhistory in Allegheny College, Meadville,Pa.Isaac Newton Edwards, Ph.D. 1923, as­sociate professor of the history of educationin the University of Chicago, is the authorof an article on "The Law GoverningSchool Board Procedure and Records"which appeared in the February and March( 1927) numbers, respectively, of the EI�­mentary School Journal.Frances Elma Gillespie, Ph.D. 1923, as­sistant professor of history in the Universityof Chicago, has recently published throughthe Duke University Press her book on"Labor and Politics in England, 1850-1867·"George Rawlings Poage, Ph.D. 1923,professor and director of the department ofhistory in the College of Industrial Arts,Denton, Texas, will soon publish a bookentitled "Henry Clay and the WhigParty."George Williams Brown, Ph.D. 1924, Fifty years ago amystery Today.a scienceLocked doors, secret formulasthat never left the owner'spockets, mysterious tests andmeaningless gestures. . .A lot of hocus-pocus, as wellas a lot of sound craftsmanship,went into the curing of hams andbacon 50 years ago.Today the craftsmanship re­mains but the mystery has disap­peared. Everything is now donein the white light of science.Swift & Company's chemistsregulate every step in the curingof Premium Hams and Bacon.Laboratory control eliminateswaste and brings forth a productfar superior to that of the rule0' thumb days.For over half a century Swift& Company has continuallysought ways to improve thequality of its Premium Hamsand Bacon and other products,to effect economies of produc­tion, and give better service toboth producers and consumers·of meat.Constant scientific research,exercised on a scale possible ina large, specialized organization,has been a most important help.Swift & CompanyOwned by more than 47,000 shareholders 293294 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE"I have had notice of my appoint­ment at ------- University and haveaccepted. You may rest assured Ishall endeavor to merit all you havesaid in my favor. If! needgoodserv­ice again, I know where to get it."The man who wrote the above re­ceived his Ph. D. in 1926. Throughother means he accepted a minorposition. It remained for The Al­bert Teachers' Agency to secure forhim his real job in 1927.Hundreds of University of Chi­cago graduates and graduate stu­dents have been equally fortunate.They are in Colleges, NormalSchools, City and SuburbanSchools,Private Schools-·everywhere. Weinvite correspondence or a call.Forty Third Year.The Albert Teachers' Agency25 E. Jacksan Blvd., Chicago535 Fifth Avenue, New York CityAbbot Academy,1828 - 1928For a Century one of New England'sleading Schools for GirlsNational PatronageAdvanced Courses for High School grad­uates. College Preparation. Exceptionalopportunities in Art and Music. OutdoorSports.Address:Bertha Bailey, PrincipalAndover, MassachusettsAs Near As YourMailbox!WOODWORTHSThe Mail OrderBOOK STORE1311E. 57th St. NEARKIMBARK AVE. assistant professor of history in the U niver­sity of Toronto, Canada, read a paper deal­ing with "The St. Lawrence and the Boun­dary Settlement of I783" at the Rochestermeeting (December; I 926) of the Amer­ican Historical Association. Last year Pro­fessor Brown was appointed associate editorof the Canadian Historical Review.Avery Odelle Craven, Ph.D. I924, as­sociate professor of history in the U niver­sity of Illinois, has for several successiveyears been a member of the summer staff inthe University of Chicago and will resumethis connection next summer. ProfessorCraven is the author of a book on "SoilExhaustion in Virginia and Maryland,I606-r860" published somewhat over a yearago. A paper was read by him at the meet­ing of the American Historical Associationin 1926, and he has contributed an articleon "Agricultural Reformers of the Ante­Bellum South" to the current (January). number of the American Historical Review.Alfred Procter James, Ph.D. 1924, pro­fessor of history in the University of Pitts­burgh, taught in the summer session of1927 at the University of West Virginia.Last year he was president of the WesternPennsylvania division of the NationalCouncil for the Social Studies, and afterfive years' service he has recently resignedas editor of the W estern PennsylvaniaHistorical Magazine. To the Decembernumber of the Mississippi Valley HistoricalReview Professor James contributed anarticle on "General Joseph E. johnston:Storm Center of the Confederate Army."He is also the author of a little book entitled"Recent Ideas in the Interpretation QfAmerican History," which has just comefrom the press as University of PittsburghRadio Publication, Number XXXIV.Frank Lawrence Owsley, Ph.D. 1924,professor of history in Vanderbilt U niver­sity, is abroad upon a Guggenheim Foun­dation fellowship to pursue researches inBritish and other foreign archives upon theforeign policy of the Confederacy.Julius William Pratt, Ph.D. 1924, isEmanuel Boasberg professor of Americanhistory and head of the department of his­tory in the University of Buffalo. WithinNEWS OF THE CLASSES AND ASSOCIATIONSthe last year he has published a work on"J ames Monroe" in the third volume ofthe series "American Secretaries of State";a note on "The Origin of 'Manifest Des­tiny,' " in the July number of the AmericanHistorical Reoieur; and "Footnote to theWar of 1812," in the American Mercuryfor October, 1927.Walter Louis Dorn, Ph.D. 1925, assist­ant professor of history in the Universityof Chicago, was recently awarded a fellow­ship by the Sociaf Science Research Counciland is abroad for a year, principally in Ber­lin, to continue his researches into the his­tory of Frederick the Great.Howard Copeland Hill, Ph.D. 1925, isassistant professor of the teaching of socialscience in the School of Education of theUniversity of Chicago and head of thedepartment of social science in the U ni­versity of Chicago High School. His book,"Roosevelt and the Caribbean," publishedlast August by the University of ChicagoPress, has been accorded various favorablereviews. In the Proceedings of the SeventhAnnual Session of the Ohio State Educa­tional Conference (September 15, 1927 )he has an article on "Mastery Techniquein the Social Studies." Professor Hill is co­author with Professor Bessie L. Pierce, ofthe University of Iowa, of the contributionentitled "The Teaching of Civics" whichappears in the eleventh volume (January,1928) of the Classroom Teacher.Loren Carey MacKinney, Ph.D. 1925,associate professor of history in LouisianaState University, contributed to the J an­uary, 1927, number of Speculum an inter­esting article on "Pre-Gothic Architecture,the Mirror of the Social-Religious Renais­sance of the Eleventh Century." He hascompleted the writing �f another article ona related subject.Herman Clarence Nixon, Ph.D. 1925,assistant professor of history in VanderbiltUniversity, has recently written a series ofnewspaper articles on international relationsbased on data gathered during a visit in1926 to Paris, Geneva, and the Haguewhich he made as a member of a party in­vited to go to Europe by the Carnegie En­dowment for International Peace. A paper 295The soundest adviceyou can gIveto those investing their moneyor their time in bondsTHE first step for a man with funds to in-vest is to choose an experienced and trust­worthy bond house-and it is equally impor­tant to the young man considering the bondbusiness as a career.To select Halsey, Stuart & Co. is a safeguardin either case. This house aims to sell a cus­tomer only those bonds which exactly suit hisrequirements. It is primarily concerned inhelping him build a solid investment structureand it has the varied issues needed to build it.Particularly of interest to young college menwho may come to you for advice is the courseof three months intensive study in our bondschool which each new man receives. He is ona salary while he is learning. It helps him get agood start. It fits him to serve customers in theway this house requires.Alumni or college students considering thisphase of the investment business are invited towrite for our pamphlet," The Bond Businessas an Occupation for College Men." Simplyask for pamphlet AV-38.HALSEY, STUART& CO.INCORPORATEDCHICAGO 2.01 S. La Salle St. N�W YORK 14 WaJ/ St.PHILADELPHIA I I I South 15th St. DETROIT 601 Griswold St.CLI!:VJl:LAND 92.5 Euclid Ave. ST. LOUIS 319 North 4th St.BOSTON 85 Deoonsbire St. MILWAUKEE 425 East Water St.PITTSBURGH 307 Fifth Ave. MINNEAPOLIS 608 Second Ave., S.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE·CJ{O ·lAm BusyWHY do you saythat when a lifeinsurance agent calls onyou?It may he true, butwhy are you busy? Itis largely because youwish to make the futuresecure for yourself andyour family.But the John Hancockagent wishes to do thesame thing for you. Hedoes not come to add toyour troubles but to lessenthem. He has for hiscommodity the securityof your future.Perhaps the next JohnHancock agent who callson you can answer someof your problems. Hehas the training and dealsin policies to fit the needsof yourself and your busi­ness.Why Not See Him?A STRONG COMPANY, Over Sixty Yearsin Business. Liberal as to Contract,Safe and Secure in Every Way. on "The Cleavage within the : Farmers'Alliance Movement" which ProfessorNixon read in April, 1927, at the annualmeeting of the Mississippi Valley HistoricalAssociation, is to be published in a forth­coming number of the Mississippi ValleyHistorical Review.Fremont Philip Wirth, Ph.D. 1925, pro­fessor of the teaching of history in GeorgePeabody College for Teachers, Nashville,Tenn., read a paper on "Ultimate Objec­tives and Goals of Achievement for His­tory in the Public Schools" at the recentmeeting of the American Historical Associ­ation in Washington.Alice Mary Baldwin, Ph.D. 1926, is as­sistant professor of history and dean of.women in Duke University. Her book,"The New England Clergy and the Amer­ican Revolution," is just off the press.Within the past year Miss Baldwin haswritten several reviews for the South A t­lantic Quarterly and a short article for theBulletin of the League of Women Voters.She has also read a paper on "The NewLight Movement in the South" beforeDuke University Historical Society and i�now engaged in a piece of research in NewEngland social history.Jean Ingram Brookes, Ph.D. 1926, iscompleting her second year as instructor inthe department of history at Goucher Col­lege, Baltimore, Md.Andrew Wellington Cordier, Ph.D.1926, is professor and head of the depart­ment of history in Manchester College,North Manchester, Ind.Elijah Jerome James, Ph.D. 1926, form­erly assistant professor of history in Hills­dale College, Hillsdale, Mich., is now pro­fessor of history and the teaching of historyin the Northern Illinois State NormalSchool, De Kalb, Ill.Clarence Ray Keirn, Ph.D. 1926, lastyear was assistant professor of social sciencein Iowa State Teachers College, CedarFalls, Iowa, but is now professor of Amer­ican history in Manchester College, NorthManchester, Ind.Vernon Franklin Schwalm, Ph.D. 1926,for sixteen years a member of the facultyof Manchester College and for nine yearsTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 29710 oJthe menwho have enrolledfor the Modem Business Course and Service areFIFTY years ago a man could reasonably hopefor success in business if he was willing to workhard for twenty or thirty years to get it.Today many men attain prosperity in the sameslow way. But today there is a new factor in businessprogress. The men who are succeeding while theyare still young are the men who have sensed itsdevelopment.Business has made enormous strides in the lastdecade. The mere specialist can no longer hold hisown against the executive who is familiar with alldepartments of business. The successful man mustunderstand the relation of each department of hisbusiness to every other department. He must under­stand the relation of his business to every otherbusiness.The problem of making this knowledge availableto business men has been a difficult one. The uni­versities have done what they could. They haveestablished business schools with courses coveringevery field of business.But what about the man who is already activelyengaged in business-the man who knows there areweak spots in his knowledge, but cannot possibly take the time to attend one of the university schoolsof business?. Nineteen years ago the late} oseph French} ohnson,Dean of the School of Commerce, Accounts andFinance of New York University, realized the grav­ity of this problem. He conceived the plan of afaculty including both college teachers and businessmen, and a Course so arranged that any man mightfollow it effectively in his own home.Thus began the Alexander Hamilton Institute.In nineteen years more than 300,000 business menhave enrolled. Over 40% of them are college men,and 38,000 are presidents of successful businesses.Why are 40% college men? The answer is simple.College men know the value of systematic training.Naturally they have been quick to appreciate thevalue of this authentic Course which gives them intwo years the broad business knowledge most mentake a lifetime to acquire.If you are a college man, we will. gladly send youa copy of "Forging Ahead in Business." This inter­esting little book gives all the facts about the ModernBusiness Course and Service. Thousands of collegemen have profited from the story it tells. Use thecoupon below.ALEXANDER INSTITUTE---�------------------------------------------- ..... -------To the ALEXANDER HAMILTO.N INSTITUTE, 526 Astor Place, New York CitySend me the new revised edition of "Forging Ahead in Business," which I may keep wrthout charge ..Signature. .........•............•......•....•.•...•..•...•....••........•.••..•...•.....•••... Business Position. .....•..••..•.••••••• _ ••• � ••••••.••••............•Business Address ...•..•....•.....•....•............•.........•••...•.•..••.•..•..........•...•..••..•.•.....•............•.......•.............••.. _ ...•..•.......•.... _-------- - ...... � ---- - ----- --- -- -- - -------�- - -------_ ... _------IN CANADA, address the Alexander Hamilton I'nstitute, Limited, C. P. R. Bldg., TorontoIN ENGLAND, 67 Grea�. Russell st., London. IN AUSTRALIA, rrc Castlereagh se., SydneyTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEPaul H. Davis, 'II Herbert I. Markham, Ex. '06Ralph W. Davis, '16 Walter M. Giblin, '23Paul HiDavts & €'0.MEMBERSNEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGECHICAGO STOCK EXCHANGE37 South LaSalle StreetTelephone Rand. 6280CHICAGOTHE YATES - FISHERTEACHERS' AGENCYEstablished I906PAUL YATES, Manager616-620 SOUTH MICHIGAN AVENUECHICAGOOther Offia; 9II-I2 Broadway BuildingPortland, OregonMOSERSHORTHAND COLLEGEA business school of distinctionSpecial Three Months' IntensiveCourse for university graduatesor undergraduates givenquarterlyBulletin on RequestPAUL MOSER, J. D., Ph. B.116 S. Michigan Ave. ChicagoUNIVERSITYCOLLEGEThe downtown department of THE UNIVER­SITY OF CHICAGO, 116 S. Michigan Avenue,wishes the Alumni of the University andtheir friends to know that it offersEvening, Late Afternoon and Saturday ClassesTwo-Hour Sessions Once or Twice a WeekCourses Credited Toward University DegreesCeurses also offered in the evening on theUniversity Quadrangles.Spring Quarter begins April 2Registration Period, March 17 to 31, 1928For Circular of Information AddressThe Dean, University College,University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill. its dean, is now president of McPhersonCollege, McPherson, Kansas. Last March.Dr. Schwalm read a paper at the meetingof the American Society of Church His­tory in Chicago.William Thomas Hutchinson, Ph.D.1927, formerly instructor in history in theUniversity of Chicago, was promoted lastyear to the rank of assistant professor.Andrew Jacke Townsend, Ph.D. 1927,is instructor in the department of historyand civics at the Chicago Normal College.MARRIAGESGeorge Serck, '20, to Millicent Rosen,November 26, 1927. At home, N ew YorkCity.Osborne R. Roberts, '23, to Florence H.Patton, October 26, 1927. At home, Ard­more, Pennsylvania.Felix M. Janovsky, '24, to Helen Tri­nero At home, 2301 Garfield Boulevard,Chicago, Illinois.Eugene A. Francis, '27, to Martha R.Atwood, ex '29, February 20, 1928. Athome, Chicago, Illinois.MARRIAGESENGAGEMENTSBIRTHSDEATHSENGAGEMENTSMarion. F. Rubovits, '20, to Milton J.Rettenberg.Louise Merrill Watson, ex '29, to Dr.T. Ogden Mills.BIRTHSTo Miles E. Lamphiear, '23, and Mrs.Lamphiear (Anne D. McLaughlin, ex '23)a daughter, Leslie Anne, January 17, 1928,at Chicago, Illinois.To Harald G. O. Holde, '21, and Mrs.Holck, a son, Alfred John Julian, Septem­ber 25, [927, at Chicago, Illinois.To Mr. and Mrs. Robert M. Cherry(Isabel Find, '17, A.M. '21) a daughter,THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 2997ne NATION'S-BUlLDlNG STONEEntrance, 'Theology Building, University of Chicago. Coolidge & Hodgdon, ATchitects.'The entire building is Ora), Indiana LimestoneBuilding Materialso BeautifullyNoAMERICAN collegiate architecture, like.l"'\. that of Europe, is largely an architec­ture of natural stone. In this country, thestone most used is Indiana Limestone, forthis handsome, light-colored building stone,on the basis of its structural merit andeconomy, has justly become universally fa­mous. The entire University of Chicagogroup of buildings, the new "Tech" build­ings in Boston, the new group for North­western University, the new Washington(D. C.) Cathedral, and scores of otherstructures the country over, are either builtor are being built of Indiana limestone.As the years pass, buildings of Indiana AgesLimestone increase in charm. No substitutefor natural stone will age so gracefully andbeautifully.We'll gladly mail to you a brochureshowing some of the fine collegiate build.ings of Indiana Limestone. This bookletwill widen your acquaintance with the bestcollegiate buildings, and enable you to fol­low your own institution's building pro­gram with greater interest.For convenience, fill in your name andaddress below, tear out and mail to Box819, Service Bureau, Indiana LimestoneCompany, Bedford, Indiana.Name , � Address _ .300 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEGOOD BOOKSforSpring DaysWilder-The Bridge of San Luis ReyHu'rst-A President is BornTicknor-May Alcott, a MemoirMaurois-DisraeliViscount Grey-The Charm of BirdsFranck-All About Going AbroadThe Congressional Club Cook BookGreat Stories of All NationsAmerican Poetry-1927R. H, L.-Better AngelsOxford Book of American VerseThe Mauve Decade-$1.00 Edit.They Believe-A SymposiumCouncilor-A New God for AmericaGilkey-Present-Day Dilemmas inReligionShop by MailThe U. of C. Bookstore580.2 Ellis Ave.TEACHER PLACEMENTSERVICEI FISK TEACHERS' AGENCY28 E. Jackson Blvd., Chicago.For many years a leader among teachers'agencies. Our service is nation wide.AMERICAN COLLEGE BUREAU77 W. Washington St., Chicago.A professional teacher placement bureau,limiting its field to colleges and univer­sities.EDUCATION SERVICE811-823 Steger Bldg., Chicago.A bureau chiefly concerned with theplacement of administrative officials,such as financial secretaries, businessmanagers, treasurers, registrars, directorsof Red Cross work, etc.The above organizations are under the man­agement of C. E. Goodell, for nine yearspresident of Franklin College, Ind., andMrs. Bertha Smith Goodell, for thirteen yearssupervisor and teacher of English in the HighSchool of Oak Park, Ill. Charlotte Linthicum, September 30, 1927,at Schenectady, New York.To Israel A. Barnett, '15, S.M. '17,Ph. D. ' I 8, and Mrs. Barnett (Fannie C.Reisler, '15), a daughter, Naomi, Decem­ber 14, 1927, at Cincinnati, Ohio.To F. Taylor Gurney, '21, and Mrs.Gurney, a daughter, Frances Kate, J anu­ary 19, 1928, at Resht, Persia.To Richard L. Doan, Ph.D. '26, andMrs. Doan (Melba Pyle, '26), a son,Robert Lloyd, January IS, 1928, at Chi­cago, Illinois.DEATHSJames M. Coon, '69, D.E. '74, in St.Petersburg, Florida, December, 1927.Mr. Coon was very active in the organi­zation and development of the B. Y. P. U.of America.George C. Stockman, M.D. '79, Septem­ber 16, 1927, in Fort Dodge, Iowa.Truman W. Brophy, M.D. '80, Febru­ary 4, 1928, in Los Angeles, California.Dr. Brophy, a world-famous specialist inOral Surgery, was the founder of the Chi­cago College of Dental Surgery, Chicago.He performed over 10,000 operations forcleft palate, a field of surgery in which hestands out as the premier operator.Michael E. Dockery, M.D� '91, Janu­ary 23, 1928, in Chicago. Dr. Dockerywas in general practice in Iron Mountain,Michigan.William C. Spangenberg, M.D. '02, July12, 1927, in Chicago.Mabel E. Bovell, '13, December 3 I,1927, in Burlington, Iowa. Miss Bovellwas for several years a missionary to China.Karl K. Koessler, Ph.D. '19, February13," 1928, in Chicago. Dr. Koessler wasProfessor of Pathology in the Otho S. A.Sprague Memorial Institute and AssociateClinical Professor of Medicine at RushMedical College, Chicago.Howard V. Halbert, M.D. '20, JanuaryI I, 1928, in Pasadena, California.Walter W. Harvey, Ph.D. '26, Janu­ary 2 I, 1928, in Danville, Illinois, as a re­sult of burns sustained in an automobileaccident.kllPhones and Troopsboth need behind-the-line supportBACK of the front line soldier there mustbe a vast machinery of supply. Andback of the telephone there is a vast machineryof supply-buying, making, distributing the·materials and equipment essential to BellTelephone service.To carry out this responsibility WesternElectric covers the globe with its purchasingactivities, operates the world's largest tele­phone factory and maintains a nation wideservice of distribution from thirty-four tele­phone supply warehouses.This work involves buying some 8,000materials from Asphalt to Zinc, and makingsome 110,000 separate piece parts for tele­phones and for all that behind-the-telephoneapparatus which constitutes ninety-eight per­cent of the total equipment. .Backing up the telephone witha reliable ser-uice of supply. Behind the lines at the greatWestern Electric cable shop.Some idea of the men behindthe machines behind the lines.e fYay behind the lines-select­ing materials fronz far cornersof the earth.SINCE 1882 MANUFACTURERS FOR THE BELL SYSTEMGALLEY SLAVES.W'ITH ACHING BODIES, stung by a whip-lash, the galleyslaves forced their clumsy boats along. A tragic picture!And today, by contrast, the electric motors of one American electricship have the combined energy of a million men and drive thousandsof tons of steel through the water at amazing speed.Three hundred galley slaves, pulling hard on the oars, could generatepower. Yet one G-E thirty-horsepower motor would have moved theship faster. There are General Electric motors that wash and ironclothes; that sweep floors; that turn tiny lathes or mighty machinery.Look for the G-E emblem on electric equipment- it is a guarantee of,service.#IGENERAL ELECTRIC176-3E