VOL. XX NUMBER 4.(5 rnfucfsflq of {(ggo.....___Q QjfnrFEBRUARY, 1928,PROFESSOR NOE REPORTS ON RUSSIAHOW NERVES FUNCTIONSKETCHES BY PROFESSOR MICHELSONBOOKSA Goldsmith First Edition New Light on MiltonMr. Millett Considers Jalna� U· B LIS H E D B Y THE A L U M N leo U N elLA Report from theUniversity of Chicago PressDuring the course of a year the University of Chicago Press publishes agood many books by members of the Faculty, and about as many more bythose who are not. In the first six months of the 1927-1928 season thescore was about even in a list of fifty books. Listed on this page are thenewest books to be published by the Faculty of the University of Chicagowith the Press of their University.BOYNTON, PERCY HOLMESMore Contemporary Americans .... $2.50BRE5LICH, ERNST R.Senior Mathematics Book II $1.50BURKE, W. W.Administration of Private SocialService Agencies , .. $0.75BURTON, ERNEST D.Education in a Democrat-ic World .. $2.00BURTON, ERNEST D., andMATHEWS, SHAILERLife of Christ $1.75CASE, SHIRLEY JACKSONJesus: A New Biography ........ $3.00CRANE, RONALD S.New Essays by Oliver Goldsmith,leather $10.00cloth 3.00CROSS, TOM PEETE, andPLOMER, HENRY R.The Life and Correspondence ofLodowick Bryskett $2.00GILKEY, CHARLES W.Jesus and Our GenerationPopular edition $1.00GOODSPEED, EDGAR J.Formation or the New TestamentPopular edition $1.00New Solutions of New TestamentProblems $2.00HILL, HOWARD C.Roosevelt and the Caribbean ..... $2.50 HOUGHTELING, LEILAThe Income and Standard of Livingof Unskilled Laborers in Chicago .. $2.50MA THEWS, SHAILERThe Student's Gospels $1.00NEWMAN, HORATIO HACKETT(Editor)The Nature of the World and ofMan $5.00PARKHURST, JOHN A.Zone + 450 of Kapteyn's SelectedAreas: Photographic Photometryfor 1550 Stars $1.50SMITH, GERALD BIRNEY (Editor)Religious Thought in the LastQuarter Century $3.00SMITH, J. M. POWIS (Editor)The Old Testament. An AmericanTranslationcloth $ 7.50leather 10.00SMITH, T. V.The American Philosophy ofEquality $3.00STEVENS, DAVID H.Milton Papers $2.00VAN BIESBROECK, GEORGEMeasurements of Double Stars .... $3.00Definitive Orbit of Comet Delavan1913 F = 1914 V $1.50VON DER OSTEN, H. H.Explorations in Hittite Asia Minor. $1.00WHITE, LEONARD D.The City Manager. $3.00The University of Chicago PressTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 177An org ani z a t io s of almostfi)ty people, with specialists iI/ ail branches of a do eriisingVANDERHOOF& COMPANY Genera!cIldverlisi�VANDERHOOF BUILDING •• 167 lS.ONTAJUO ST,.CHIC.I'I.GOHENRY D. SULCER, '0;, PresidentC(Q)e announce the addition .of a completeRETAIL SERVICE ' DEPARTMENTwhich will contribute a wealth ofdata and practical experienceto national advertisersmerchandisingthrough retailchannels'Member: America1l Association of Aa'vcrtisillg Ago1Cies C1 Natiot/al Outdoor Advertisitlg BureauROOSEVELTNew York. N. YWILLARDWashington, D. C�CORONADOSt. [.OUIS, Mo.OAKLANOOaktacd. Cebf.WOLFORDDacvdl e. III.NEIL HOUSEColumbus, 0CLAREMONTBClktlC'y. Calif.URBA'NA·LlNCOlNUrbana, IIISCHENLEYPittsburgh, P.I.. THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEMOUNT ROYALMonreeet. Cao BLACKSTONECbrcugo. IIIRADISSONMmneapohs, Minn. SENECARochester. N y,These hotels are your hotelsSpecial features are provided for our AlumniOur alumni are urged to use Intercollegiate Alumni Hotelswhen travelling, and when arranging for luncheons, ban­quets and get-togethers of various sorts.You will find at each Intercollegiate Alumni Hotel anindex of the resident Alumni of the participating colleges.Think what this means when you are in a strange cityand wish to look up a classmate or friend.You will find at these hotels a current copy of yourAlumni publication.You will also find a spirit of co-operation and a keendesire to see you comfortably housed and adequately pro­vided for. Reservations may be made from one Intercol­legiate Alumni Hotel to another as a convenience to you.'Intercollegiate Alumni Hotels are a new and vital forcein assisting your Alumni Secretary. He urges you to sup­port them whenever and wherever possible. He will be gladto supply you with an introduction card to the managersof all Intercollegiate Alumni Hotels, if you so request.THE PARTICIPATING COLLEGES PERE MARQuETTEPc:oria,.(iIThe alumni organizations of the following colleges and universities are partidpamsIn the l'ntercollegiate Alumni Hotel movement;Akron Colorado Maine Oregon State VirginiaAlabama Columbia M.1. T. Penn State VrrgiruaAmherst Cornell Michigan State Pennsylvania Polytechnic InstituteAntioch Cumberland Michigan Princeton Washington and LeeBates Emory Mills Purdue Washington StateBeloit Elmira Minnesota Radcliffe Washington (Seattle)Bowdoin Georgia MiSSOUri Rollins Washington (St. Louis)Brown Georgetown College Montana Rutgers WellesleyBryn Mawr Goucher Mount Holyoke Smith Wesleyan CollegeBucknell Harvard Nebraska South Dakota Wesleyan UmversuyBuffalo Illinois New York Universiry Southern California Western ReserveCa-lifornia Indiana North Carohna Stanford WhitmanCarnegie Institute Iowa State College North Dakota Stevens Institute WilliamsCase School Kansas Northwestern Texas A and M. WinthropChicago Teachers' Coil. Oberlin Texas WisconsinCollege of the Kansas Occidental Tulane WittenbergCity of New York Lake Erie Ohio State Union WoosterColgate Lafayette OhIO Wesleyan Vanderbilt WorcesterColorado Lehigh Oklahoma Vassar Polytechnic InstituteSchool Mines LOUisiana Oregon Vermont YaleCALIFORNLANFresno. Caht, SAINT PAULSt. Paul, Mmn. MUlTNOMAHPorrlandr Ore. PALACESan Feeoceco. Calif. Cincmnan,O.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEST JAMESSln Diego. Calif. WOLVERINEDetroit. Mich. BENJAMIN FRANKLINPhiladelphia, Pa.WALDORF-ASTORIANew York. N. Y ONONDAGASvrucuse, N. YIntercollegiate Alumni HotelsEvery. Dot Marks an Intercollegiate Alumni HotelBaltimore, Md., SouthernBerkeley, CaL, ClaremontBethlehem, Pa., BethlehemBirmingham, Ala., BankheadBoston, Mass., Copley· PlazaChicago, Ill., BlackstoneChicago, IlL, WmdermereCincinnari, Ohio. SintonColumbus, Ohio, Neil HouseDanville, Ill., WolfordDetroit, Mich., Wolt'erineFresno, Cal., CalifornianKansas City, Mo., Muehlebach Lincoln, Nebr., Lincolnlos Angeles, Calif., BurmorcMadison, Wis., ParkMinneapolis, Minn., RadissonMontreal, Canada, Mounr RoyalNew Orleans, La .. MonreieoneNew York, N. Y., RooseveltNew York, N. Y., Waldorf· AstoriaNorthampton, Mass., NorthamptonOakland, Cal., OaklandPeoria, Ill., Pere MarquettePhiladelphia, Pa., Benjamin FranklinPittsburgh, Pa., Schenley Portland, Ore., MulronomahRochester, N. Y., SenecaSacramento, Cal., SacramentoSt. Louis, Mo., CoronadoSt. Paul, Minn., Saint PaulSan Diego, Cal., St. JamesSan Francisco, CaL, PalaceSeattle. Wash., OlympICSyracuse, N. Y., OnondagaToronto, Canada, Kmg.EdwardUrbana, Ill., Urbana·LlncolnWashington, D. C, WtllardWiIIi?m�porr, Pa., LycomingThe Intercollegiate Alumni Hotel movement is sponsored by the Alumni Secretariesand Editors of the participating colleges and directed by� .INTERCOLLEGIATE ALUMNI EXTENSION SERVICE, 18 E.41stSt., NewYork,N.Y.---------------- D I RECTO R SJ. O. BAXENDALIlAlumni SecretaryUniversll"j of Vermont l. MORRILLAlumn: SecretaryOhIO Scate Unl<'ersity W. B. SHAWAlumni Secr�taryUntt'ers.'ty of MichiganSTEPHEN K. LITTLEPnnceron Alumnt WeeklyPrmceton Unlt'CTsICYA. C. BUSCHAlumn. Secrecary�gersColleg>? W R.OKESONTreasurer ofLehigh UrilVemryJOHN D. McKEEWooster Alumn, BulletmWooster College ROBERT SIBLEYAlumru SecretaryUni�ers.ry of CaI.forniaR. W. HARWOODHaftl(1rd Alumnt BulletinHaTlJard Unlt'ersity R. W SAILORCornell Alumni NewsCornell UnlVemty FLORENCE H. SNOWAlumnae SecretarySmith CollegeHELEN F. McMILLINWellesley Alum"ae MagazineWellesley CollegeE. N. SULLIVAN LEVERING TYSON E. T. T WILLIAMSAlumni Secretary Alumnt Federanon Brown Unlt'erSltyPenn Stare College Columbia UTIlvenltyi •J- - �rKING EDWARD BANKHEAD BETHLEHEM LYCOMING MONTELEONE SOUTHERNTcrorue, Can BUfl'!lngh3ru, At ... Bethlehem. Pa. WHharmport. Pa. New Orleans. La. Balnmore. Md. 179MU�HLEBACHKan,.r, City. Mo.BILTMORElos Angeles. Calif.COPLEY· PLAZABoston. Mass.lINCOLNLincoln, N�b.WINDERMEREChrcago.Tll.OLYMPICScan I., Wash.SACRAMENTOSactarnentcc Caltf.PARKMadison, WI$.NORTHAMPTC 'Northampton. M,,�.OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITYOFCHICAGO ALUMNI CLUBSAMES, lAo Sec., Marion E. Daniells, IowaState College, Ames, Ia.ATLANTA and DECATUR, GA. (GeorgiaClub). Robert P. McLarty, Healy Build­ing.AUSTIN, TEXAS. Pres., J. M. Kuehne, Uni­versity of Texas.BALTIMORE, MD. Sec., Helen L. Lewis,4014 Penhurst Ave.BOISE VALLEY, IDAHO. See., Mrs. J. P.Pope, 1102 N. 9th St., Boise.BOSTON (Massachusetts Club). Sec., MissPriscilla Sanborn, I I Fetlow St., Boston.BOWLING GREEN, Ky. Charlotte Day,West. Ky. State Normal School.CEDAR FALLS and WATERLOO (Iowa). Sec.,E. Grace Rait, Iowa State TeachersCollege, Cedar Falls, Ia.CEDAR RAP IlI)S, IOWA. Sec., L. R. Abbott,374 S. 21St St.CHARLESTON, ILL. Sec., Miss BlancheThomas, Eastern Illinois State TeachersCollege.CHICAGO ALUMNI CLUB. Sec., ArthurCody, 105 S. LaSalle St.CHICAGO ALUMNAE CLUB. Sec., Ellen Le,Count, 5757 Kenwood Ave.CLEVELAND, O. Sec., Mrs. F. C. Loweth,1885 E. 75th St.COLUMBUS, O. Sec., Robert E. Mathews,Ohio State University.DALLAS, TEX. Sec., Rachel Foote, 725 Ex­position Ave.DAYTON, OHIO. Sec., Ada Rosenthal, 1034Grand Ave.DENVER (Colorado Club). Sec., BeatriceGilbert, 825 Washington St.DES MOINES, IA. Sec., Ida T. Jacobs,West High School.DETROIT, MICH. Miss Claudia E Crum­pton, Wardell Hotel, 15 E. Kirby St.EMPORIA, KAN. L. A. Lowther, 617 Ex­change St.GRAND FORKS, N. D. Pres., Dr. John M.Gillette, University of North Dakota.GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. Sec., Mrs. FloydMcNaughton, 130 Mayfield Ave., N. E.HUNTINGTON, W. VA. Sec., Charles E.Hedrick, Marshall College.HONOLULU, T. H. H. R. Jordan, FirstJudicial Circuit.INDIANAPOLIS, IND. Sec., Sue HamiltonYeaton, 3340 N. Meridian St.IOWA CITY, IA. Sec., E. W. Hills, StateUniversity of Iowa. KALAMAZOO, MICH. Sec., James B. Fleu­gel, Peck Building.KANSAS CITY, Mo. Sec., Mary S. Wheeler,3331 Olive Street.KNOXVILLE, TENN. Sec., Arthur E. Mitch­ell, 415' Castle St.LANSING, MICH. (Central Michigan Club).Sec., Lucy Dell Henry, Mich. State De­partment of Health.LAWRENCE, KAN. Sec., Earl U. Manches­ter, University of Kansas.LEXINGTON, Ky. Sec., Mrs. Chas, A. Nor­ton, Transylvania College.LONG BEACH, CAL. Pres., Herbert F. Ahls­wede, 2606 E. Second St.Los ANGELES, CAL. (So. Cal. Club). Sec.,Harold P. Huls, 1001 Block bldg.Los ANGELES, CAL. (Rush Club) Sec., Dr.W. H. Olds, Cor. 6th and Hill Sts.loUISVILLE, Ky. G. T. Ragsdale, 2000 S.3rd St.MANHATTAN, KAN. Sec., Mrs. Daniel E.Lynch, 1528 Prairie St.MEMPHIS, TENN. Sec., Miss ElizabethWilliford, 1917 Central Ave.MILWAUKEE, WIS. Sec., Miss PriscillaTaylor, 4810 Wisconsin Ave.MINNEAPOLIS-ST. PAUL, MINN. (T winCities Club). Sec., Mrs. Dorothy AugurSiverling, 2910 James Ave. So., Minne­apolis.MONTANA. Sec., Dr. L. G. Dunlap, Ana­conda.MOUNT PLEASANT, MICH. Sec., Miss Ger­trude Gill, Central Michigan NormalSchooi.MUSKEGON, MICH. Sec., Mrs.· MargaretPort Wollaston, 1299 Jefferson St.NEW ORLEANS, LA. Sec., Mrs. Erna Schnei­der, 4312 South Tonti St.NEW YORK, N. Y. (Alumni Club). Sec.,George S. Leisure, 50 Broadway, NewYork City.NEW YORK Alumnre Club. Sec., RuthReticker, 126 Claremont Ave., NewYork City.OMAHA (Nebraska Club). Sec., JulietteGriffin, Central High School.PEORIA, ILL. Sec., Anna J. LeFevre, Brad­ley Polytechnic Institute.PHILADELPHIA, PA. IsabeIIe Bronk,Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pa.PITTSBURG, KANSAS. Sec., Dr. F. HaroldRush, 818 S. Broadway.180Officers of The University of Chicago Alumni Clubs-ContinuedCLASS SECRETARIESPITTSBURGH, PA. Sec., Reinhardt Thi�s­sen, U. S. Bureau of Mines.PORTLAND, ORE., Sec., Mrs John H. Wake­field, 1419-3ISt Ave., S.E.RAPID CITY, S.D. Sec., Della M. Haft,928 Kansas City St.ST. LOUIS, Mo. Sec., L. R. Felker, 5793Westminster Place.SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH. Sec., Hugo B.Anderson, 1021 Kearn Bldg.SAN ANTONIO, TEX. Sec., Dr. EldridgeAdams, Moore Building.SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. (Northern CaliforniaClub). Pres., Bernard B. Burg, 14 Mont­gomery St.SEATTLE, WASH. Pres., Robert F. Sandall,612 Alaska Bldg.SIOUX CITY, IA. Sec., C. M. Corbett, 509Second Bank Bldg. -SOUTH DAKOTA. Sec., Ionia Rehm, 318S. Spring Ave., Sioux Falls.SPRINGFIELD, ILL. Sec., Miss Lucy C. Wil­liams, 714 First Nat'l Bank Bldg.TAMPA, FLA. Sec., Miss Georgia Borger,26040 Highland Ave.TERRE HAUTE, IND. Sec., Prof. Edwin M.Bruce, Indiana State Normal School.'93. Herman von Holst, 79 W. MonroeSt.'94. Horace G. Lozier, 175 W. JacksonBlvd.'95. Charlotte Faye, 5602 Kenwood Ave.'96. Harry W. Stone, 1212 Lake ShoreDrive.'97. Donald Trumbull, 134 S. LaSalle St.'98. John F. Hagey, First National Bank.'99. Josephine T. Allin, 4805 DorchesterAve.'oo, Mrs. Davida Harper Eaton, 5744Kimbark Ave.'01. Marian Fairrnan.azaa Kenwood Ave.'02. Mrs. Ethel Remick McDowell, II53E. 56th St.'03· Agness J. Kaufman, Lewis Institute.'04. Mrs. Ida C. Merriam, 1164 E. 54thPI.'05· Clara H. Taylor, 5925 Indiana Ave.'06. Herbert I. Markham, N. Y. Life Bldg,'07. Helen Norris, 72 W. Adams St.'oS. Wellington D. Jones, University ofChicago.'09. Mary E. Courtenay, 1538 E. Mar­quette Rd.'10. Bradford Gill, 208 S. LaSalle St. TOLEDO, OHIO. Sec., Miss Myra H. Han­son, Belvidere Apts.TOPEKA, KAN. Sec., Anna M. Hulse, To­peka High School.TRI CITIES (Davenport, Ia., Rock Islandand Moline, Ill.). Sec., Bernice LeClaire, c/o Lend-A-Hand Club, Daven­port.TUCSON, ARIZONA. Pres., J. W. Clarson,Jr., University of Arizona.URBANA, ILL. Sec., Gail F. Moulton, StateGeological Survey.VERMONT. Pres., E. G. Ham, Springfield,Vt.W.\SHINGTON, D. C. Sec., Mrs. Jessie Nel­son Barber, 3000 Connecticut Ave.WEST SUBURBAN ALUMNAE (Branch ofChicago Alumnae Club). Clarissa Schuy­ler, Oak Park High School.WICHITA, KAN. Pres., A. F. Styles, Kan­sas State Bank.MANILA, P. I. Augustin S. Alonzo, Univ.of the P. I.SOUTH INDIA. A. J. Saunders, AmericanCollege, Madura, S. 1.SHANGHAI, CHINA. Sec., Daniel Chih Fu,20 Museum Rd., Shanghai, China.'II. William H. Kuh, 2001 Elston Ave.'IZ. Elizabeth A. Keenan, 2701 LelandAve.'13. James A. Donovan.aoo N. MichiganAvenue.'14. John B. Perlee, 232 S. Clark St.'15. Mrs. Phyllis Fay Horton, 1229 E.56th St.'16. Mrs. Dorothy D. Cummings, 636Scenic Ave., Piedmont, Calif.'17. Lyndon H. Lesch, 189 W. Madison'18. Mrs. Barbara Miller Simpson, 5842Stony Island Ave.'19. Mrs. Carroll Mason Russell, 1039E. 49th St.'20. Roland Holloway, 7536 Essex Ave.'21. Enid Townley, 5546 Blackstone Ave.'22. Mina Morrison, 5600 Dorchester Ave.'23. Egil Krogh (Treas.), 1409 E. 67thPI.'24. Arthur Cody (Pres.}, 6727 MerrillAve.'25. Mrs. Ruth Stagg Lauren, 8159Cornell Ave.'26 Jeannette M. Hayward, 201 S. StoneAve., LaGrange, Ill.'27. Kathleen Stewart, 6631 WoodlawnAve.181IN TN I�I .r.> LL CRussia is a source of infinite worry to al­most all of us. I ts secret police behaves dis­tressingly (our own police is all we canendure, sometimes); its gentlemen wearillkept and unsanitary beards; its ladies havetaught ours to smoke (though not to inhalethe smoke ).: its Economic Doctrine darkenseditorial pages that are already murky withFarm Problems and Disputes on Disarma­ment.Who is more welcome, in this Russia­ridden world, than a man who can findentertainment in Russia? Professor A. C.NOB '00, of the Department of Botany, hasmade such a discovery. Russia annoyedhim sometimes, in the 'course of his tripthere last summer; but it also amused himhugely.Professor N oe has written a short ac­count of some of the side-shows whichMessrs. Lenin and Stalin operate undertheir immense tent.Noone has ever explained, how nervesoperate. Our feet and our finger-tips in­form us, promptly enough, that this is acold day; our eyes are swift to tell us thatthe lady just ahead wears a salmon-coloredhat; our ears lose no time in reporting thatour partner has bidden three no-trump. Butjust how these bits of news find their wayfrom sensory organ to brain, no brain, hasever explained. The same puzzle ariseswhen Brain sends a command, and faithfulMuscle obeys.DR. RALPH WALDO GERARD of the De­partment of Physiology has found the be­ginning of an answer. His experiments andcalculations seem to show that a nervecarries its message to the muscles somewhatas a fuse carries a spark to a charge of dyna­mite. He believes that nervous activity isa series of chemical changes, including oxida­tion. He predicts that all nervous ph en om- ena-impressions, impulses, consciousnessitself-may some day be explained, likeother bodily phenomena, in chemical andphysical terms."Dr. Gerard's research in the physiologyof nerves," Anton ]. Carlson has said, "iscomparable to Michelson's research on thespeed of light."Dr. Gerard is a member of the class of1919. He received the degree of Ph.D. III1921, and that of 'M.D. in 1925.Professor MICHELSON'S world is morethan a world of lightwaves. Music has aplace there; landscapes have subtle rneari­ings; a fast game of tennis helps such aworld to spin round. The man who teststhe truth of the' Einstein theory is an ac­complished violinist, an object of admira­tion on the Quadrangle Club courts, theowner and builder of the most interestinghouse in Hyde Park, and a painter of strik­ing water-colors. N or is this his wholerepertoire. We must imagine him, if wecan, in still another role: that of caricatur­ist.For Mr. Michelson's world is also aworld of faces. Faces tell him queer storiesabout their owners. His sketches havecaught these stories. He has made a fewlines reveal the secrets of' the woman acrossthe aisle on the Illinois Central, or theeminent botanist at the adjoining lunch­table, or the big, dynamic business man inthe foursome just ahead.Our readers, tiring of comic-strips poorlydrawn by high-salaried cartoonists, may wel­come a few pages of Mr. Michelson'samusements.W e live in a poetic century, in spite ofall we can do. The light that never was onsea or land may be more elusive than ever182IN THIS ISSUEin a modern office building. Bushels ofticker-tape, sales letters, and commutationtickets may hide it; but its rays still dazzlesensrtive eyes. One of us may turn sadlyfrom "grassless yard and treeless streets"to dream of worlds far away or days longdead; but another will look the city squarelyin its million faces and see beauty there.GEORGE DILLON, '26, is a poet who hasnot escaped his century. Its skyscrapersmake him proud; its crowds, "like shadowswandering or driven," cause him to wonder;its scholars, sternly faithful to their facts,claim him as a brave disciple.Poems that are pictures rather thanessays in philosophy, and that go to thetropics or the Far East for their subjectmatter, are very different, though quite aslegitimate, offspring of this poetic century.BERTHA TEN EYCK JAMES (Mrs. DanielC. Rich), author of two such poems whichappear in this issue, is a graduate of theUniversity; both she and Dillon have wonthe Fiske Poetry Prize. I t seems properto print their work on facing pages.The shades down by the River Styx aremaking a holiday. One of their number,Dr. Oliver Goldsmith, has just brought outa new book. He has been unable, of course,to look after the editing and printing inperson. He has left such work to Pro­fessor RONALD S. CRANE and the U ni­versity of Chicago Press. But Goldsmithis the author, without a doubt; and theessays now appear for the first time underhis name.Goldsmith's more intimate friends­David Garrick, Sir Joshua Reynolds, Mrs.Thrale, Dr. Johnson, and a dozen others­have formed a solemn circle to celebrate.They raise glasses filled with fine ale,smuggled across by the boatman Charon; Dr. Johnson pronounces the words "ToOliver"; and they drink.They talk of many things, as the after­noon advances. Mrs. Thrale remarks thatit is a long time since Goldsmith has pub­lished a book. But Dr. Johnson decreesthat, as it is bad manners to remind a humanbeing of his age, so it is indecent to suggestsuch a subject to a ghost. And so theepigrams are tossed about, and poor Oliveris forgotten. Presently Mrs. Thrale dis­covers that he is gone, and calls to him.But Oliver only smiles back; and the J es­samy Bride-the gir] he met in Devonshire-walks beside him. She smiles, too.The ghostly sun is low, and the Styxglows like tarnished brass; but somewherealong its bank is a"hawthorn bush, with seats beneath theshade,For talking age and whispering loversmade .. "The photographs of Dr. Goodspeed andthe facsimile of Dr. Goodspeed's last bit ofmanuscript were contributed to our J anu­ary issue by J. V. NASH, '15. Mr. Nashassisted Dr. Goodspeed in preparing hislife of President Harper, and is now com­pleting the work.Milton will become neither mute noringlorious for a good many generations, ifwe may judge from recent signs of life. Thepopular mind stiH responds to hi'S story ofman's first disobedience. Scholars are form­ing a clearer notion of his place in history.Professor ROBERT MORSS LOVETT haswritten a review of Milton Papers, a recentcontribution by Professor DA V I D H.STEVENS to our knowledge of the poet'slife, associations, and influence.A [bert A braham Michelson: A Self-Portrait(See pages 205-207)VOL.XX No.4UtbeWniber�itp of �bicago;§Maga?ineFEBRUARY, 1928----------�-----------------+-----------------------------------+-A Summer In RussiaBy A. C. NOEProfessor of Botanya soldier with a steel h.elmet and big rifle,entered the car and demanded our pass­ports. I thought that the armaments wouldbe of little avail in a railroad compartmentin case we should be anarchists and carrybombs. The guards left the train a shortdistance from the Polish-Russian fron­tier. Now 0 the train passed through somesort of .no-man's-Iand, but we saw soon theRussian guards waiting for us. They wereI t was with a feeling of anxiety and soldiers with very long coats reaching tocuriosity that the members of our commis- the ground, wearing green caps and revol­sion started from Berlin on Saturday, May verso First they looked under the train to28, for Moscow. What we had heard about see whether someone was hiding betweenRussia was of such a contradictory nature the wheels, then they entered the cars andthat we had no idea what our fate would asked for our passports. At the station webe there. All the sleeping accommodations were requested to get out and bring ourin the international train were taken up by a baggage into the custom house. The in­French Military Commission which trav- specting officials looked like proletarianseled to Warsaw, so we had to sit up all but they were polite and understood Ger­night, an experience which is rather unus- man. One man asked us for some docu­ual to American tourists. ment, no matter what it was, and one of usWe were examined going out of Ger- handed him a Russian letter which hadmany, and coming into Poland, and getting practically nothing to do with our trip.out of Poland. Late in the evening we But he was satisfied to have a paper, andreached the last Polish station where a looked at it from every side. The meregendarme with a big sabre, accompanied by existence of this typewritten sheet probablyISSEARLY in I927 the Soviet Governmenthad asked the firm of Allen & Garcia,consulting engineers in Chicago �nd build­ers of the biggest coal mine in the world,to send a commission to Russia for the plan­ning of new coal mines. I was invited tobe a member of this group. Another alumnusof the University of Chicago in our partywas John A. Garcia, jr., '26.186 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEfacilitated our transactions at the customhouse. Our baggage was not examined withgreat strictness, but it took a long time. Wealso had to buy sleeping car tickets. I t tookfully two hours before we could board theRussian train. The sleeping car was rathersimple and poorly lighted, but it was com­fortable and we were glad to rest. It hadbecome midnight by then.When we woke up in the morning wewere traveling through a strange land. Thesection hands on the railroad track werewomen, and peasant girls with many-col­ored dresses worked in the fields. Villagesconsisting of straw-covered huts built ofclay, clustered in the valleys; and here andthere rose a beautiful church-building withonion-shaped domes. The train stopped ata number of towns and at the stations thebeggars were in great evidence. The' Rus­sian beggar is an artist of its kind. He wearsan exquisite assortment of patches, and lookslike a crazy quilt on two legs. He asksincessantly for kopecks, which are the small­est Russian coins worth about half a cent;and he smokes cigarettes.We had engaged rooms at the HotelSavoy in Moscow, and an interpreter ofthe hotel met us at the station. He en­gaged two taxicabs for us, but it took halfan hour until the fare was agreed upon, andmeanwhile.a large number of rough-lookingloafers gathered around us too close forcomfort. We were glad when the carsstarted with us. They drove at a madden­ing speed, and the pavement consisted ofcobble stone. Every corner was taken attop speed, and I thought we would neverarrive safely. Since my trip to Russia Ihave learned it does not matter how thechauffeur drives if there are no other carsin the road. There were very few auto­mobiles but innumerable horse cabs in thestreets of Moscow.We stopped for three days at Moscow,had several business conferences, did somesightseeing, and took the train to Kharkov,which is the capital of the Ukraine a shortdistance north of the Black Sea. The trainpassed between wooded hills and endlessprairies and stopped occasionally at towns. We had provided ourselves with food whichwe bought in a magnificent' governmentgrocery store in Moscow, because there areno dining cars in the Russian trains. Oc­casionally we got out at a railroad stationto buy mineral water or beer. I t is unsafeto drink un boiled water in Russia. We hadleft Moscow late in the evening of May 3 Iand arrived in Kharkov in the afternoon ofJune I. Along the road were the samevillages and churches that we had seen be­tween the Russian frontier and Moscowand the same kind of beggars'. At one sta­tion I noticed a little beggar boy standingby my window, and I gave him 10 kopecks.Soon a beggar girl appeared who also re­ceived 10 kopecks. The boy asked the girlfor a commission of 5 kopecks for havingpointed me out to her. The boy had putme. on his sucker-list and he sold it to abusiness associate, a genuine capitalistictransaction in communistic Russia.When we arrived in Kharkov we werereceived by Russian interpreters and offi­cials who brought us to the Red Inn whichwas formerly called the Hotel Metropole.The best Russian hotels which are fre­quented by foreign tourists are good butvery expensive. The furniture seems tohave been taken from the confiscated palacesof the great nobles. I t is beautiful butslightly incongruous.On the next day we started our work inthe offices of the government coal trustcalled Donugol. These offices were comfort­able, and a great many engineers and clerksworked in the building. Each one had alittle counting machine, consisting of awooden frame with wires upon whichwooden beads are moved about. A Russianseems to be quite lost if he has not a count­ing machine. The simplest addition giveshim trouble. Donugol has an excellentGeological Department and a fine library,and everybody in the office was anxious tomake us feel at home and to help us in ourwork. We were housed at first in a hotel,but soon obtained a furnished apartmentwhere we had a Russian housekeeper and aRussian cook and where we were verycomfortable. From our windows we couldTHE Two R USSIASA 'village church) suruiuor of a regime that is dead, seen through a high­tension transmission line.WOMAN'S PLACEScene in a Russian mine188 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEsee innumerable troops of athletic associa­tions march by to the playgrounds andparks. Evidently the Russians played foot­ball, but the general populace was not asfamiliar with the sight of a football as ourAmerican public is. One day several youngmen passed by, one of whom carried a foot-PENNSYLVANIA TRANSPLANTEDA n Americanized Russian coal mineconstruction.ball. For some reason they wanted to hurryand temporarily deposited the football onthe sidewalk. Immediately the crowds ranas fast as they could, because they mistookthe football for a bomb.From Kharkov we made frequent tripsto the coal fields of the Donetz Basin whichis the richest coal mining district in Russia.I t is located southwest of Kharkov and halfway between the city and the Caucasus.We also had most delightful week-endtrips along the river valley of the Donetz River where we indulged in bathing andswimming. One day I created a commotionin a Russian village. I had brought a swim­ming suit along in which I went bathing.All the inhabitants of the village gatheredon the shore to see the fool who went inthe water with his clothes on. But thisinstance did not prove that the Russianswere not fond of swimming. We saw manyparties going into the water.On one of the week-end trips I visited anUkrainian village and wanted to buy honey­dew melons from a peasant woman. Sheasked ten kopecks for each melon, exceptfor one which she prized at fifteen kopecks.The reason was that a mouse had eaten ahole in this melon, which proved to thewoman that it was the best one in the lot.Everywhere in Russia we were impressedby the energy and efficiency with whichthe Soviet Government is reconstructingthe economic life of the country. We re­membered that five years ago Russia was ina condition of chaos, and now we saw a well­organized and stable government' before uswhich had everything well in hand. Therailroad, the telegraph, the telephone, thepost, were working smoothly. The streetswere well policed, and the crowds obeyedthe traffic regulations strictly. The churcheswere open and administered to the spiritualneeds of the pious. We saw numerous bankswhich were doing a great deal of business,and so did the stores. All business enter­prises seemed to be owned by the govern­ment, even the barber shops where we hadour hair cut. I attended several theatricalplays which were of a propagandist nature,but were very well performed. The con­certs were wonderful. There is no nationon earth which has better music than theRussians. Magazines and newspapers weresold by newsboys and at news stands. Be­sides Russian papers one can buy the Ger­man newspapers and magazines, and I saweven The Manchester Guardian in a book­store.The parks of the great noble estates inKharkov had been changed into recreationA SUMMER IN RUSSIAcenters for the populace, and were filled onSundays and holidays. Many families to�ktheir lunches along; and it was a joy to,watch the cheerful and pleasure-lovingcrowds eating, dancing, singing and play­ing. Many of the parks had club buildingswhere the workers gathered for discussion.The Russian is an indefatigable debater andloves to discuss economic and political top­ics. Needless to say, the Marxian philosophyis the basis of all opinions expressed inpublic. It has become the modern religionof the Russian 'worker.There is a' genuine admiration for every­thing American in Russia. We were askedevery day about American business, manu­facturing, automobiling, etc. In almosteveryone of these discussions somebodywanted to know how much a Ford car costsin America. Our Russian employers in­sisted that of all foreign methods only thoseof America were applicable to Russia on'account of certain similarities of bothcountries. In one office an importantgovernment official pointed to a map of theworld which ,vas hanging on the wall, say­ing, "Russia and America are the only two great countries in the world. The methodsof Germany, England and France are thoseof smaller countries, and not suited to themagnitude of Russia."We made many friends in Kharkov wherewe had our headquarters, and it was withsincere regrets that we left them in Sep­tember when our party broke up, some of usgoing away in the middle of the month andsome at the end of it. With two othermembers of our commission I traveled fromKharkov to Kiev, and thence to Warsaw andBerlin. In the last Russian station we hadto undergo another " examination beforeleaving the country. Another inspectionfollowed at the Polish border station, thenext one came before we left Poland, andstill another when we entered Germany.In Warsaw we stopped for one day, andenjoyed the sights of this very beautiful andmodern city, which interested us on accountof the historical background of the townand the elegance of its society. Near War­saw I saw one of the biggest wireless sta­tions of the world. In Berlin we were againin a Western country; but the impressionsof Eastern Europe were charming andnever to be forgotten.P ADDLIN' MADELINSKYTwo Americans, John A. Garcia, Jr., "26, and H. F. Hebley, and three Rus­sian women whose names would more than fill this space, drift down theRiver Donetz:Dragons andPoems by TicoBy BERTHA TEN EYCK JAMES, '2-1-, A.M. '26*L'ung-Chien Kun: The Dragon of the UniverseHill DragonsA jade-green river flows across the valley,The sky is turquoise and the willows are golden.Slender girls come down to bathe;The shadows are filled with the movements of their handsLike golden fluttering wings.But at night the stars drown in cold black waterAnd the hill-dragons float down,Without one glittering ripple along their sides.Sea DragonThe sea is pewter-colored, rustling against the wharves;Behind are low hills and old black housesBut the dragon's head is out on the horizonWhere islands are gray against a band of clear jade sky.Sky DragonBy the moon-bridge chrysanthemums in bloomAre golden, bronze and copper. And the hillsHave changed to burnished metals. Peacock plumesAre trailed through every meadow. Skies aloneAre gray and pale, and waters dully gray,While the great sun that is the dragon's eyeIs but a silver radiance in the cloud.ChicagoHe looks up from a row of added costsThrough a gray window, kindly filmed with smokeTo hide the grassless yard and treeless streets­Morning is widening like a pool of goldAcross a jade clear sky, and jungle trees,Fernfronded, sway where brilliant parakeetsChatter and scream. The humping monkeys goAlong the riverside, indifferentTo butterflies, or blue and scarlet flowers­At half past five the clerks are free to leave!*From Miss j ames' book, Nint Dragons. A review will appear next month.SkyscrapersRecmt GraduatesBy GEORGE DILLON� '26*AgainAgain before our ignorant eyesThe beautiful moment blooms and dies.Here is a mystery as oldAs the rock moving under the sands.We are but children holding hands.Holding hands, what do we hold?What do we crush, whose seed will flowerBeyond the endless, arid Hour?What do we hush, whose echoes chimeDown the long star-drifts of bleak Time?What can we do but tremble stillAnd kiss, and call the kiss a kiss,Having no eloquence for thisEternity we touch and kill?Twilight in a TowerFinding the city below me like a flameIn the last sunshine, I said to autumn, "Blow on!We are building a beautiful spring you cannot claimIn this country of stone."And seeing so many men march in a thousand waysThe old way of hunger and thirst, I thought,They are going somewhere, somewhere their dream is 'waiting,Whether they know it or not.But night came, smelling of far fields, and evenThat brave procession moving with purpose and prideBecame like shadows wandering or driven,And the wind cried,And the world seemed a world of autumn and wind,And the city but a frail rustling by the seaOf men like leaves blown blindly without endFrom life's wild flowering tree.*From Boy in the Wind, by George Dillon. This book of poems. was reviewed in our last issue.Dr. Gerard, whose encounters with a physiological riddle are outlined on the following pages,was once a freshman reporter for The Daily Maroon. "I don't remember making any scoops."he says. "Harry Swanson the editor, always gave me just one assignment. He sent me to copythe notices from the bulletin board."During a holiday from their' research at London and Berlin, Dr. and Mrs. Gerard (both of whom arephysicians and physiologists) motored to the International Physiological Congress at Stockholm.Dr. A. V. Hill of University College, London, with whom Dr. Gerard was associated in the experi­ments described here and who has already received the Nobel Prize for a similar study of muscularactivity, was one of the party. Dr. and Mrs. Gerard, Mrs. Hill, Kenneth Brown, a prominentLondon barrister, and Dr. Hill paused for a picn ic on the bank of this Swedish lake.I92How Does a Nerve Function?A s a Pipe, a Rope, an Electric Wz're? Dr. R. W. Gerard ExplainsStill Another Answer, Indicated byHz's Recent ExperimentsFROM the birth of medical scienceonwards, the question of nervous ac­tivity has occupied and baffled the finestminds. The especial interest attaching tothis problem is obvious, for on the onehand the phenomena of sensation and con­sciousness and on the other those of volun­tary movement-the best subjective andobjective indications of animateness-wereearly associated with the functioning of thenervous system. Even from a more techni­cal viewpoint, the nervous system has longseemed entirely a thing apart from theother organs of the body, for here are singlecells that send out a thread-like extensionover a meter long in the larger animals(whereas even the largest ordinary cellsare well under a tenth of a millimeterin their greatest dimension), and alongthis fibre is conveyed a "something" whichwithout any obvious participation of thefibre itself is able to induce markedchanges in the organ to which it goes.Indeed, till the last century the only meansof proving a nerve (a bundle of thousandsof these fibres connecting the brain andcord with a muscle or other organ) wasliving was by observing that irritation ofthe nerve caused the muscle in which itended to jerk.Many explanations have been advancedas to what the "something" is that travelsdown the nerve and how a stimulationat one end can produce an effect at theother. �erves have been regarded asmechanical ropes, much as a bell pull; aspipes carrying a stimulating fluid t as con­ductors of energy waves, acting as acolumn of water in transmitting a vibra­tion; as conductors of electricity; and inmany other ingeniously conceived ways.N ear ly all theories regarded the nerve as a passive instrument simply allowingenergy or substances applied at one end tosomehow reach the other and there act.A nerve apparently did not fatigue onprolonged activity, and it had no demon­strable respiration (using oxygen and giv­ing off carbonic acid) as did other tissues.Three-quarters of a century ago thegreat discovery was made that a wave of. electric charge passes along a nerve when. it is active; but not as an electric currentis carried by a wire since the speed oftravel, a few meters (120 in man) asecond, is incomparably slower than thatof electricity and also each part of thenerve appears to produce its own electricity.Later it was found that after carrying oneimpulse a short but definite time (0.001second) followed during which no impulsecould travel, and about this time it wasalso shown that when a nerve was deprivedof oxygen it gradually lost its power ofconducting a stimulus. These facts allspoke for an active participation of the·nerve rather than a passive one in trans­mitting an impulse, and the concept ofthis transmission changed from that of anelectric current carried along a wire tothat of a train of powder burning itselfand carrying the explosion from one endto the other. Still, no proof was obtainedof any chemical reactions, as shown byusing oxygen and giving off carbonic acidas in the case of all other tissues, and care­ful experiments had not served to showany production of heat during the activityof nerve, though this should have accom­panied any oxidations.These gaps have been recently filled,and a definite chemical basis has beenshown for nerve activity not unlike that of193194 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEmuscle, though much less in quantity.Muscle obtains energy for contraction bya rapid breakdown of sugar into lacticacid (the acid of sour milk), which is in­dependent of oxygen, and then restoresits energy level by oxidizing a quarter ofthe lactic acid, the remainder being rebuiltinto sugar. Corresponding with these twoprocesses are two phases of heat production,an initial one which is independent ofoxygen and a delayed one which does not. occur if oxygen is absent. In absence ofoxygen also the lactic acid accumulatesuntil the muscle is no longer able tocontract.Very sensitive electrical methods areneeded to detect the heat produced bynerve for it is only one millionth of acalorie for a single impulse in one gramof nerve. For one impulse travelling oneem. in a single fibre, only one millionmillionth of a calorie is liberated and thetemperature rises only one ten million­millionth of a degree. The heat of a singlefibre cannot of course be measured, but itmay be accurately estimated in the follow­ing way. The sciatic nerves of frogs maybe cut out from the animal and with careremain alive and able to act for a dayor more. Several such nerves are laid ona thermopile, an instrument to convertchanges in temperature into electric cur­rents, and a very delicate galvanometer(current measurer) connected with it, sothe latter gives a reading correspondingto the change in temperature. Of coursethe whole system is carefully kept at asteady temperature and then the nervethrown into activity by stimulating oneend, away from the thermopile, withseveral hundred electric shocks a second.The heat produced by the nerve is meas­ured and then calculated per fibre (about3000 in each nerve) and single stimulus,the latter only after finding how the heatvaries with different frequencies of stimu­lation.In this way it was found that the heatabove given is produced, and it was alsopossible to follow the time course of its production. This is divided, as in muscleinto two portions-an initial phase lastin�a few thousandths of a second, probablynot much longer than the nerve impulseitself, and a delayed phase lasting IOminutes and containing 9/10 of all theheat. It is very interesting that most ofthe energy is used after the impulse haspassed, and suggests that this is used asin compressing a spring, which may laterbe released suddenly to give energy for thenext impulse. Just what the real mechan­ism is remains unknown. Of course thefirst thought is that the same breakdownof sugar into lactic acid and later rebuild­ing of sugar occurs as in muscle, but thiscannot be so; for when a nerve acts innitrogen, as it will for some hours beforebecoming asphyxiated, both phases of heatprod uction remain in the same proportionthough both slowly fall. With a lacticacid system, the first phase, being inde­pendent of oxygen, should remain untilall previously stored sugar is used, whereasthe second phase should at once fall outsince it requires oxygen. Also, a nerv�like most other tissues produces lacticacid when kept in nitrogen instead ofoxygen, the total amount formed is de­termined by the sugar present, usuallyabout I mgm. per gram, and the rate offormation falls slowly over many hoursas the sugar source is used up ; but no moreis produced during activity than when atrest-in sharp contrast to muscle.It might be concluded from the observa­tions above that nerve activity and theenergy liberated as heat do not depend onoxidations at all since they continue forsome time in nitrogen, but on some othertype of chemical change, which againwould place it in a different category fromother tissues. This is not, however, thecase, for it has been possible, with very sen­sitive manometers (for measuring changesin gas pressure) in which the nerves couldbe placed, to measure the oxygen usedand carbonic acid produced by nerves atrest and active. At rest the frog nervesuse 16 cmm. of oxygen per gram and hour,HOW DOES A NERVE FUNCTION?and gIVe off 4/5ths as much carbonicacid.The ratio of carbon dioxide to oxygenshows that the usual foodstuffs of thebody, fat, protein, arid carbohydrate arebeing burned. The heat produced is justthat which those materials would producein burning. The resting nerve, therefore,receives all its energy and produces allits heat from the burning of the usualfoods of all body tissues.When the nerve is stimulated, it pro­duces more heat. If this extra heat resultsfrom oxidations, a certain amount (50cmm. per hour per gram) of extra oxygenmust be consumed by the active nerve.The extra oxygen actually used was foundto correspond to this amount, within thelimits of error for the measurement ofsuch small quantities. Also, the oxygenis used gradually during the first quarterof an hour after activity, so it corresponds,in time as well as in quantity with theheat. The ratio of carbon dioxide tooxygen rises during activity which suggeststhat sugar alone is being burned. Itseems then certain that the nerve derivesall its energy, both during rest and activity,by oxidations, in the former case of amixture of foodstuffs, in the latter ofsugar especially. (During activity a nervealso produces ammonia, which might comefrom oxidation of proteins.)It is worth noting, before going on, thata nerve stimulated continuously for anhour does not use as much oxygen per hourof stimulation as one stimulated only fora few seconds at a' time with severalminutes rest between, but less than 1/3as much. This, taken with other facts,shows that the long believed non-fatiga­bility of nerve is in error, since afteractivity the nerve is much less able tocarryon further activity.It is interesting to compare the oxygenconsumption of nerve with that of muscle.At rest the two are alike, but the increaseon activity is only 1/8000 as great fornerve as for muscle; and in the frog's leg 195a single contraction of the muscles givesone million times as much energy as thenerves give in carrying the message tocontract. The analogy with a fuse ex­ploding a charge of dynamite is obvious.One important question must be settledbefore the evidence above given may beconsidered adequate, If a nerve doesindeed depend on oxidations for theenergy it uses during activity, why can itremain active for hours in nitrogen. Theoxygen dissolved in a nerve from airwould leave it or be used up in a fewminutes after it was put in nitrogen. If,however, oxygen is combined chemicallywith substances in the nerve these mightact as a store which could be slowly usedup when no gaseous oxygen was availableand replenished when oxygen was againpresent. There is indeed evidence forthis, in that after a nerve has been keptin nitrogen some time it takes up an excessof oxygen during the first hour that thisgas is again present. Also, even in nitrogena nerve continues to produce some carbonicacid, which it would do if oxidations con­tinued. Finally most tissues form lacticacid when they are prevented from carry­ing out their normal oxidations; and nervedoes likewise, but in this case the lacticacid does not begin forming for an houror two after the nerve is put in nitrogen;just as if up to this time oxidations canstill continue.The exact way in which a nerve con­ducts and the exact changes which con­stitute the "something" or impulse thattravels down it are still far from clear,though evidence from all sides is accumu­lating which may in the near future settlemany of the obscure points. It is nowcertain, however, that the nerve does notpassively transmit but actively generatesthe changes which pass along it; and alsocertain that these are in broad character,if not in fine features, the same as thosewith which scientists are already familiarTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEin other tissues. There is, therefore, goodground for the hope that the activity ofnerve, with its attendant phenomena of consciousness, sensation and the rest, willultimately be found to rest on a simplephysico-chemical basis.Humanity and IndustryTlu University Offers a Series of Classroom Lectures by RadioPROBLEMS involved in the human re­lations of industry are now being broad­cast Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday andFriday of each week by the University,when the first fifteen minutes of a course on"Church and Factory Civilization" given at8 o'clock in the morning is sent out overStation WMAQ. The University eachquarter selects one course for broadcastingpurposes.James M ullenbach is a member of theChicago Board of Education and for morethan fifteen years has been chairman of the Trade Board of Hart, Schaffner & Marx.Labor Agreement with the AmalgamatedClothing VV orkers of America. He has atvarious times been superintendent of theMunicipal Lodging House, the Oak ForestInstitution and assistant superintendent ofthe United Charities.Mr. Mullenbach has organized the COurseso that the first fifteen minutes consist ofa lecture. The broadcast has been limitedto this period on the theory that businessmen are unable to listen for a longer timebefore leaving for work.Mr. MullenhachFrom the painting by Roy H. CollinsTHE LATE PROFESSOR STUART WELLERfPho died last summer while studying geological. formationsin Kentucky.197BARON OF THE BOOKSHELVESMcKendree Llewellyn Raney, who succeeds the late PresidentBurton as Director of the University Libraries. As Librarian ofJohns Hopkins University Dr. Raney planned the famous GilmanHall, recognized as a model for libraries everywhere. He comesto Chicago, he says, because he believes that of all educational in­stitutions in the United States, the University of Chicago offers thebest opportunity for outstanding work in his field.A NEW DEANGeorge A. Works, Dean of the Graduate Library School latelyestablished at the University by the Carnegie Corporation.199The Story of The University of ChicagoBy THOMAS WAKEFIELD GOODSPEEDReprinted 'th.rough courtesy 0/ The University of, Chicago PressTHE UNIVERSITY CONTINUES To BUILDDURING the early years of the Uni­versity its buildings multiplied sofast that they seemed to rise bymagic. But no one of them all ever wentup except under the spur of. necessity andby hard days' work, and their number wasalways too small. More were alwaysneeded than could be provided. Withinless than six years after the opening on Oc­tober vr , 1892, the attendance of studentsincreased more than threefold-from 742the first year to 2,307 in 1897-98-andcontinued to multiply. The president'shouse was built in 1895 and marked theclose of the first building period.The first structure completed during thesecond era of buildingwas the Haskell Ori­ental Museum. It was in connection withthe raising of the Ryerson Fund that Mrs.Caroline E. Haskell, of Chicago, thewidow of Frederick Haskell, gave $100,000for building the Museum. This gift withits accretions of interest fully paid for thebuilding, which cost $I03,O[7. The cor­nerstone was laid July I, 1895, and oneyear later, July 2, 1896, the Museum wasdedicated.' The presence of the Founder,Mr. Rockefeller, added to the interest ofthe day. The building was formally pre­sented to the University on behalf of thedonor by Professor George S. Goodspeed ofthe Department of Comparative Religion.In accepting it, President Harper said thisof the circumstances under which the giftwas secured:. . . . I remember distinctly a warmday, about the first of June, which the sec­retary of the board of trustees and myselfhad spent in the city from early morninguntil late in the afternoon without meetingsuccess of any kind.,' . As we werereturning home, it was suggested that per­haps our friend, Mrs. Caroline E. Haskell,who had before expressed great interest inthe cause, might be willing to assist in thework we were trying to accomplish. Itwas found that she had been considering XIvery seriously the question of erecting abuilding upon the grounds of the U niver­sity in memory of her husband, and in a fewminutes she expressed her willingness tofurnish the money for the erection of sucha building. It was the gift that made cer­tain the securing of the million dollars[involved in the raising of the RyersonFund].After the lapse of thirty years I recallvividly that day and that incident. Mrs.Haskell was living at the Victoria Hotelthen standing on the northwest corner ofMichigan Avenue and Van Buren Street.As we were passing the hotel Dr. Harperseemed half-inclined to stop and call on . her.Only one month before she had given us$20,OOO,to endow the Haskell Lectureshipand it was hoping against hope to expectmore from her at that time. But as thepresident seemed not indisposed to call Iurged him to do so, express in person hisgratitude for what she had so recently done,and tell her something of the difficulty wewere having in securing the help we needed.He made the call alone, as I did not thenknow Mrs. Haskell, and I waited for himin the park across the street. We were notasking for buildings and Dr. Harper didnot suggest a building to her. It was shewho suggested it to him. He was not gonemore than twenty minutes before he re­turned radiant and enthusiastic. The mat­ter of a building as a memorial of herhusband had been in. her mind and she wel­comed the call as an opportunity to talk:with him about it and in a quarter of anhour her half-formed purpose crystallizedinto a contribution for the Haskell OrientalMuseum. At the dedication of the build­ing an address was delivered by Rabbi EmilG. Hirsch, who spoke with "eloquence,learning, and deep conviction" on the im­portance of oriental, and especially of Sem­itic, studies for the understanding of man'sreligious capacity and destiny. The prayerof dedication was made by Rev. Dr. W. H.P. Faunce, of New York City.200THE STORY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOFor nearly thirty years this building wasused as the lecture hall of the DivinitySchool as well as for Museum purposes. Init also was the office of President Harperduring the last ten years of his life, and ofPresident Judson from 1906 to 1912.The early years of the history of theUniversity formed a period of extraordi­nary interest to those who had charge of itsaffairs. One manifestation of 'enlightenedliberality was followed by another untilthey were well-nigh bewildered by theseexhibitions of the public favor. Somethingnew, unexpected, surprising, was almostcontinually coming up. Nothing moregratifying occurred during those early yearsthan the great offering, made by MissHelen Culver, of Chicago, in 1895, ofproperties which she estimated at $1,000,-000, "the whole gift to be devoted to theincrease and spread of knowledge withinthe field of the Biological Sciences." MissCulver said:Among the motives prompting this gift isthe desire to carry out the ideas and to hon­'or the memory of Mr. Charles J. Hull, whowas for a considerable time a member ofthe Board of Trustees of the Old U niver­sity of Chicago. I think it appropriatetherefore to add the condition, that, wher­ever it is suitable, the name of Mr. Hullshall be used in designation of the buildingserected, and of endowments set apart inaccordance with the terms of this gift.Only a year before this great donationwas received, what was originally knownas the School of Biology had been dividedinto the following independent depart­ments: Zoology, Anatomy, Neurology,Physiology, Botany, and Paleontology.The need of buildings for these importantdepartments was distressing. It had beenrecognized from the beginning. It wasnever absent from President Harper's mindand every effort had been made to supplythe need. I t was therefore like a suddenflood of light breaking through the cloudsof a dark day when unsolicited Miss Culveroffered $1,000,000 for buildings and en­dowments for the Biological departments.A special building committee was at onceset to work and plans were quickly pre­pared for the Hull Biological Laboratories. 201The laboratories, as finally built, werefour in number, the Zoological, the Ana­tomical, the Physiological, the Botanical,and were located at the north end of theoriginal site of four blocks, midway be­tween University and Ellis avenues. Theyformed a complete quadrangle. The fourlaboratories stood on the four corners, Zo­ology on the northeast, Anatomy on thenorthwest, Physiology on the southwest,and Botany on the southeast. A cloister,constructed of the same material as thelaboratories and perfectly lighted by manywindows connected Botany with Zoologyand Physiology with Anatomy. A coveredgateway leading into the quadrangle sepa­rated, and at the same time connected, Zo­ology and Anatomy. The four laboratorieswere thus, in effect, .under a single roof.On the south connecting Botany and Phys­iology was a high iron fence with an orna­mental gateway, opposite the imposingnorth entrance, opening into the generalUniversity grounds. The space thus in­closed by the fence, the laboratories and thecloisters received the name of Hull Court,as the group of buildings was denominatedthe Hull Biological Laboratories. Were itnot for the donor's desire to have the nameof Mr. Hull emphasized, the quadrangleitself would long since have been formallydesignated the Helen Culver Quadrangle,and it will be strange if it is not known bythis name to posterity.The cornerstones of the four laboratorieswere laid July 3, 1896, in connection withthe University's Quinquennial Celebration.The laboratories were finished in the springof 1897, and dedicated on July 2, in con­nection with the Nineteenth Convocation.A dedicatory address was delivered in HullCourt by Professor William H. Welch, ofJohns Hopkins University, on "Biologyand Medicine."In presenting the buildings to the U ni­versity Miss Culver made a most impres­sive address, to which President Harperresponded with great feeling. In additionto Anatomy, Physiology, Zoology, and Bot­any, the Departments of Pathology andBacteriology found their homes in the HullLaboratories, and the work of the medical202 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE.students was here conducted. It wasparticularly gratifying to the authoritiesthat these laboratories were built for thesum appropriated=-Sjz g ,000. The im­pressive gateway was the gift of the archi­tect Henry Ives Cobb.A week after the University opened itsdoors to students on October I, 1892, thesecretary made the following statement:The first week has been signalized by anew benefaction, so splendid that it will beforever memorable in the annals of theUniversity. Charles T. Yerkes has ar­ranged to build one of the completest as­'tronomical observatories in the world.When the Old University secured its tele­scope with an objective eighteen and one­half inches in diameter, it possessed thelargest instrument then in existence. Sincethat time telescopes have been made havingobjectives of twenty, twenty-three, twenty­four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven,twenty-eight, thirty, and thirty-six inches.There seeming, just at this time, to be anopportunity to secure a telescope having anobjective of forty inches, President Harperlaid the matter before Mr. ·Yerkes. Withthat quick and generous liberality whichSeveral notable gifts, received since thebeginning of the year, will materially en­large the scope of the Medical School'sactivity. Mr. Albert D. Lasker has givenone million dollars for the study of de­generative diseases. Mrs. Elizabeth S. Mc­Elwee has added $300,000 to a gift oflike amount made last year by Mrs. Ger­trude Dunn Hicks to the Home for Des­titute Crippled Children, which will bemoved to a new building on the Midway.The Lying-In Hospital, to which Mr. MaxEpstein has contributed $100,000, will bebuilt adjoining. The Edward Sanitoriumof the Chicago Tuberculosis Institute hasbeen affiliated with the University. has distinguished the patrons of the U ni­versity, Mr. Yerkes at once took steps toenable the University to secure this greatprize.I t was expected, at the time, that theObservatory would be built as soon as thearchitect, Mr. Cobb, could prepare theplans. It soon developed, however, thatthe work could not be hastened. At theoutset it was supposed the Observatorywould be located in Chicago. But it soonappeared that there were insuperable objec­tions to a city location, the chief one beingthe smoke of Chicago which so often ob­scured the sky. Inquiries were thereforebegun as to the best location outside the city.An astonishing interest was immediatelymanifested in many communities to securethe location of the Observatory in theirvicinity. Many offers of land and moneywere made to obtain the prize. The ques­tion of the location having been referredto Mr. Ryerson and President Harper,they carefully considered the proffers madeand the advantages and disadvantages of thevarious locations suggested. After confer­ring with eight of the leading astronomersTHE STORY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOof the country and considering the advan­tages of the twenty-six locations proposed,the committee recommended and the boardselected Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, as thesite of the Observatory, John Johnston, Jr.,gave some fifty-five acres of land near Wil­liams Bay, a site beautiful for situation,overlooking, from a lofty elevation, almostthe entire area of the lake.The great object glass of the telescopewas made by Alvan G. Clark & Sons, ofBoston. The telescope was made by Warn­er & Swasey, of Cleveland, and was ex­hibited in the World's Fair in Chicago in1893 in the Manufactures Building. Itwas not until after long delay that theplans were completed and the building ofthe Observatory was begun in the springof 1895. It was this delay that broughtthe Observatory into the second era ofbuilding. Meantime, President Harperhad received from William E. Hale, ofChicago, the father of Professor George E.Hale, the following letter:CHICAGO, June 30, 1894DEAR SIR:It gives me pleasure to offer to give to theUniversity of Chicago the astronomical, phys­ical, photographic, and mechanical equipmentof the Kenwood Observatory, to be taken byyou where it is now located on Forty-sixthStreet, at such time as your Observatory build­ings are prepared to receive it.The equipment consists of a twelve-inch equa­torial telescope, with visual lens, and twelve­inch lens for photographic work, including itspier and dome. Also a spectroheliograph andother attachments for solar and stellar obser­vations and photography. Also other physical,electric, photographic and astronomical ap­paratus, and fixtures, together with a machineshop for fine mechanical work, all of which Ivalue at thirty thousand dollars.You are at liberty to use the above apparatus,and the building in which it stands, until suchtime as your new Observatory is ready to re­ceive it.Yours very truly,W. E. HALEThis gift was regarded as a very valuableaddition to the facilities and equipment ofthe plant. The new Observatory wasfinished in 1897, and formally delivered byMr. Yerkes to the University, through Mr.Ryerson, the president of the board oftrustees, and dedicated on October 21 of 203that year. Several hundred guests wit­nessed the ceremonies of dedication.In addition to the contribution of Mr.Hale, the Observatory and its equipmentcost $325,000. Miss Catherine Bruce, ofNew York, enriched it with a ten-inchphotographic telescope with building anddome. Mr. Yerkes crowned his benefac­tions for it with a bequest for its mainte­nance.In 1897-98 the attendance of womenstudents had increased from less than twohundred in 1893 to more than a thousand.There had come to be a most insistent callfor additional residence halls to receivethese growing numbers. I t was underthese circumstances that Mrs. Elizabeth G.Kelly, who had already given $50,000 fora women's hall, once more brought theneeded help. On May 17, 1898, Mrs.Kelly sent to the trustees a letter in whichshe said:President Harper and Mr. Goodspeed havingcalled my attention to the great desire of theUniversity to complete the erection of the hallfor women between Kelly and Beecher halls,I hereby agree to turn over to the University,for this purpose, securities amounting to $50,-000, on the following conditions, viz., The build­ing shall be called Green Hall, in memory ofmy parents. The University shall pay me fiveper cent per annum on the said sum of $50,000,viz., $2,500 annually during my life. The Uni­versity shall place in the hall a memorial tabletbearing the names of my father and mother.At my decease the fund thus contributed is tobe the property of the University of Chicago.Mrs. Kelly's reference to "the hall forwomen" relates to a movement among thewomen of the city, inaugurated during theraising of the million dollars in ninety daysby the Chicago Women's Club and partic­ipated in by the Fortnightly to raise afund for a building for women studentsfrom a considerable number of subscribers.A number of women contributed to thisfund, Mrs. Martin Ryerson, Mr. Ryerson'smother" giving $10,000, and the founda­tions of the building were put in betweenBeecher and Kelly when those halls werebuilt. It was to complete this building, be­gun six years earlier, that Mrs. Kelly'ssecond contribution was made. The plansfor the three halls required that the central204 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEsection, which was the one to be finished,should be five stories in height, Beecher andKelly each being four. It also exceededthem in length. Its total cost, includingthe foundations, laid six years earlier, was$72,000, and' Mrs. Kelly in the end verygenerously provided this entire sum. GreenHall provided a home for sixty-sevenwomen. It was opened to students on J anu­ary I, 1899.The assumption by Mrs. Kelly of theentire cost of Green Hall turned back: intothe treasury the fund contributed for thebuilding for women students by women of. Chicago, and this fund having been wiselyinvested and the income added to the prin­cipal, it had increased in 1924 to a littlemore than $50,000. A number of thedonors to the fund had expressed the hopethat the women of the city would makesuch additional contributions as woulderect a worthy building as a memorial toMrs. Kate Newell Doggett, one of themost public-spirited and highly esteemedwomen of early Chicago. The fund is achallenge to women to complete an under­taking which women have begun.This second period of building hadcovered something more than three and one­half years. It added to the University'smaterial equipment seven buildings. Withtheir furniture, and fully equipped for use,they represented an expenditure of about $900,000. They were given to the U ni­versity by its Chicago friends. The moneyfor them had been secured almost withouteffort. Much of it had been proffered with­out solicitation, and the rest had been givenquite as freely. When this second era ofbuilding ended, less than eight years hadpassed since the breaking of ground forCobb Hall in November, 1891. Thetwenty buildings erected during these sevenyears had cost, with their equipment, morethan $2,200,000, all except $100,000 con­tributed by the friends of the University inChicago. These seven years included boththe first and second building eras of theUniversity. They witnessed an astonishingoutpouring of money for the cause of edu­cation. They showed in an extraordinarymanner the appeal the new University hadmade to the imagination, the idealism, andthe spirit of altruism of Chicago. Duringthese years the benevolence of its peoplewas awakened and developed as never be­fore. Every institution of religion, edu­cation and charity profited by that awaken­ing, and all subsequently ·found a responseto their appeals before unknown. TheUniversity helped Chicago to find itselfas a city of idealism and benevolence,fired it with the enthusiasm of giving, andopened wider the fountain of wealth flow­ing in, increasing volume to bless the cityand the world.The low-lying ground just south of Mandel Hall, now designated as "Tennis Courts No.27-30," will soon give place to a building similar to this. The building will be called theBernard A. Eckhart Laboratory of Mathematics, Physics, and Astronomy, in honor of theman who completed the fund for its construction.SketchesBy A. A. MICHELSONSome Claims to Fame that the Nobel Prize CommitteeMay Have OverlookedProfessor Michelson has drawnthese faces from life at odd moments,on trains, in restaurants, and perhapseven at the University.The back of an envelope serves as canvas for theportrait below205206207BOOI(�News from an Old FriendNew Essays by Oliver Goldsmith, now first collected and edited by ProfessorRonald S. Crane. University of Chicago Press. $3.00THESE papers, discovered by ProfessorCrane, identified by him and for thefirst time ascribed to Oliver .Goldsmith,come as a pleasant surprise to all readersand students of Goldsmith, one of the "bestbeloved of English writers."We opened this book of essays with ahalf tremulous anticipation, and' read itthrough with scarcely a stop-instantlyrecognizing that mellow, flowing, softly­tinted style which has never failed tosweeten our temper, harmonize ourthoughts, put us in a good humor with our­self-and with the world, and make us hap­pier and better, recognizing without a doubtthe voice of that brilliant, lovable Irishman,broadcasting from those far away years ofthe eighteenth century.Finally, after the first flush of the en­thusiasm of discovery, we glance at thenotes and at the introduction, from whichwe feel a gentle reprimand from ProfessorCrane for our impulsive, unquestioned, and- immediate acceptance of these papers,simply because they appealed. to us as beingGoldsmith's very own. We find that Pro­fessor Crane has excluded some of those'anonymous papers published during 1760and I 762. We feel almost disappointedthat his scrupulous fidelity of researchshould not have allowed him to includethem all in this precious sheaf. But, saysProfessor Crane in the introduction:"It is impossible not to sympathize withthe skepticism which has more and more oflate been aroused by the attempts of criticsrelying solely or mainly on evidences ofstyle and language to settle the authorshipof anonymous literary works. The days of dogmatic attributions grounded merely on ageneral impression of manner or person­ality are happily long past. It is now uni­versally recognized that we must follow theexample of recent critics of painting anddevelop tests of authenticity which can beboth stated and controlled objectively."But this, alas, is more easily said thandone, and until we know a great deal morethan we do now about the limits of indi­vidual variation in style and vocabulary, wemust be content to employ such evidence, ifat all, merely as a guide in research or as acheck on conclusions reached by othermethods. For this reason, though I 'feelsatisfied that all of the essays included inthis collection are in a style which Gold­smith could have written, I have not basedany positive argument upon considerationsof this sort."The aggressive honesty of ProfessorCrane in his tests of authenticity, the de­tailed evidence with which he "trackedGoldsmith," render. his notes not at alltedious but fascinating.Sometimes his test is a simple phrase orimage, often with a slight difference of ap­plication, which is echoed by Goldsmithfrom work to work, so that in these essaysof 1760 to 1762 can be plainly seen thecrystallization of his first important poem,The Traveler.Thus several of these New Essays shedfresh light upon the origin and meaning ofa number of Goldsmith's major works.The social background of The Deserted IVillage is found in Essay XVIII, "(TheRevolution in Low Life." This, accordingto Professor Crane, seems to be the first :208Oliver GoldsmithA newly discovered portrait) ascribed with great probability tothe American painter Benjamin JFest. It is owned by theEhrich Galleries) of New York.209210 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEsketch of The Deserted Village-a sketchwhich antedates the finished poem by eightyears.From the text and references, ProfessorCrane invites the public to form its ownjudgment. He admits these New Essaysdo not reflect or represent Goldsmith athis best.They bear the mark of hi� literary vas­salage at that time. But they are valuablein that they give us a better view of Gold­smith's works during these years. In viewof the obscurity which still envelops theearly career of our author they surely de­serve to be placed on record, for they giveus a clearer understanding of his greaterworks. Certain it is that the New Essayswould have received the very warmest ap­preciation by that most sympathetic biog­rapher,- Washintgon Irving, who bestowedupon Oliver Goldsmith this tribute (fromDante's Apostrophe to Virgil),"T'u. se' 10 mio maestro, e'l mio autoreTu se' solo colui, da, cu' io tolsi .....•Lo hello stile, che m' ha fatto onore;'uThou art my master, and my authorthouThou art alone the one from whom ItookThe beautiful style that hath done honorto me."ALICE H. MENDENHALLThe Story of a DiscoveryHow a Modern Scholar Identified Certain Old Magazine Articles asthe Work of Oliver GoldsmithBy F. B. KAYEDepartment of English at NorthwesternUniversityTHE romance of scholarship is thediscovery of an unknown work by agreat writer. The finding of even a smallunknown fragment by Dr. Johnson orDickens or Byron is exciting. And nowProfessor Crane has identified eighteen lostessays by Oliver Goldsmith-a whole newvolume of them. It is one of the greatestliterary discoveries of the century and thegreatest single addition to what we haveof Goldsmith's essays since 1798.Sometimes such a discovery is largely amatter of mere luck. Someone picks up arare book and finds a signed contributionby a great author. Or by accident one maydiscover a reference and then run it down.In Professor Crane's discovery luck playedno part whatever. The feat was a triumphof scholarship.For years these essays now identified havelain in the files of eighteenth-centuryperiodicals-the British MagazineJ thePublic Ledger, the Royal Magazine}Llovd's Evening Post, etc. Scholars have thumbed their pages for well over a cen­tury. Why were Goldsmith's contributionsnot found before? Because no scholar ap­proached the task with sufficient imagina­tion, skill, and learning, First it was neces­sary to have the idea that unknown Gold­smith material remained in the files ofthose periodicals. Then it was necessary tohave knowledge enough to identify themby traits and phrases in known works bvGoldsmith. And finally it was necessaryto have skill and discipline enough to real­ize that resemblances between works do notalways prove them to be by the sameauthor, and to, know what sort of parallelsdo show identity of authorship.For example, in Essay III, first printedin the Royal Magazine June, 1760, is foundthe statement that, "After so many fatigues,dangers, discontents; after seeing so manymillions of faces, without finding one friendamong the number, to be again restored tomy country. . .; what rapture, whatpoignant satisfaction?" Professor Crane re-calls that Goldsmith wrote similarly theyear before: "When will my wanderingsbe at an end? When will my restless disposi­tion give me leave to enjoy the presenthour? It is now seven yearssince I saw the face of a single creaturewho cared a farthing whether I was dead oralive." And he notices twenty parallels ofthis nature to Goldsmith's known workwhen reading this unidentified essay in theRoyal M agazine-a feat demanding an ex­haustive knowledge of Goldsmith's entireproduction.Now the less disciplined scholar on find­ing such similarity in sentiment betweenthese passages and noticing other such par­allels would at once announce that the un­identified essay in the Royal Magazine mustbe by Goldsmith. Not so Professor Crane.He realized too well the difficulties of deter­mining authorship. For instance, some ofthe parallels might have been sheer accident.Sometimes authors with no knowledge ofeach other say' amazingly similar things.In the second place, granting a relation be­tween the passages, the unidentified �uthorneed not have been Goldsmith borrowingfrom himself, but might have been someother author borrowing from Goldsmith.Knowing these pitfalls, Professor Cranebuilds up an irrefutable case. First he dem­onstrates that Goldsmith was in the habitof repeating ideas and phrases to an aston­ishing extent. Next he shows that Gold­smith was writing for the various maga­zines at the time when the essays appearedin them. Then he shows the extraordinarynumber of parallels between these essaysand Goldsmith's known work. Thus, inthe eight pages of Essay VI there are eightclose parallels. These parallels are far toomany to be accidental. Finally he pointsout that the essays contain passages relatedto work published by Goldsmith both be­fore and after they were written. In thismanner, having disposed of the possibilitythat the resemblances might] be accidental,he disposes of the possibility that the paral­lels were caused by some other author bor­rowing wholesale from Goldsmith, sincethis assumption woud lead us tothe ahsurd-'ity of thinking that first some unknownBOOKS 2IIwriter had borrowed very largely fromGoldsmith and that then Goldsmith hadborrowed equally largely from the un-'known author. All alternatives being thusdisposed of, it is proved that Goldsmithreally wrote the essays under discussion.Professor Crane's scholarly balance isshown further in the fact that in an appen­dix he calls attention to some sixteen otherunidentified contributions which may be byGoldsmith. Many scholars would havemade a book of these essays alone. ProfessorCrane conservatively merely calls attentionto them.But what about the essays themselves?While not on the whole outstanding froma literary point of view, they are importantin correcting that current misconception. epitomized in Garrick's epigram on Gold­smith-that "he wrote like an angel, buttalked like poor Poll." Goldsmith was farfrom being the unpractical, sentimentaldreamer he has been thought to be. Hewas a man keenly interested in ideas andwith views much more prophetic than thoseof most of his contemporaries. I t is thisphilosophical Goldsmith who is illuminatedby these new essays. They show us Gold­smith as the ethnologist-the traveller in­terested in the distinctive qualities ofdifferent races and nations and in theircauses; as the anthropologists, seeking intothe origins of society; the biologist citingBuffon; the geographer, noting the influenceof locality on human beings. So he writesof the Irish:To begin with Ireland, the mostwestern part of the continent, thenatives are particularly remarkablefor the gaiety and levity of their dis­positions: the English, transplantedthere, in time lose their melancholyserious air, and become gay andthoughtless, more fond of pleasure,and less addicted to reasoning. Thisdifference of disposition cannot proper­ly be said to arise from climate or soil,which is in general the same as inEngland; but merely from the natureof their government. They live in afruitful country, sequestered from therest of mankind, protected by a power-212 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEful nation from foreign insult; andregardless of neighbouring greatness,they have no important national con­cerns to make them anxious, or cloudtheir tempers with the solemnity ofpride. In such circumstances they arecontented with indolence and pleasure,take every happiness as it presents, areeasily excited to resent, and as easilyinduced to submission.-Essay VI.But perhaps the most important contri­bution of these new essays is to illuminate. Goldsmith's thinking as economist andsociologist. He forecasts the effects of theagricultural revolution-the rush to thecities, the breakdown of the old ties betweenclasses and the substitution of what Car­lyle was to call "the cash nexus," the en­richment of the wealthy, the impoverish­ing of the poor. The most interesting of theessays dealing with this matter is EssayXVIII-"The Revolution in Low Life,"which appeared in Lloyd's Evening Post in1762.I spent part of the last summer ina little village, distant about fifty milesfrom town, consisting of near an hun­dred houses. It lay entirely out of theroad of commerce, and was inhabitedby a race of men who followed theprimeval profession of agriculture forseveral generations. Though strangersto opulence, they were unacquaintedwith distress; few of them were knowneither to acquire a fortune or to die inindigence. By a long intercourse andfrequent intermarriages they were allbecome in a manner one family; and,when the work of the day was done,spent the night agreeably in visits ateach other's houses. D pon those occa­sions the poor traveller and strangerwere always welcome; and they keptup the stated days of festivity with thestrictest observance. They were merryat Christmas and mournful in Lent,got drunk on St. George's-day, andreligiously cracked nuts on Michael­mas-eve.D pon my first arrival I felt a secret pleasure in observing this happy com­munity. The chearfulness of the old,and the blooming beauty of the young,was no disagreeable change to one likeme, whose life had been spent in cities.But my satisfaction was soon repressed,when I understood that they wereshortly to leave this abode of felicity,of which they and their ancestors hadbeen in possession time immemorial,and that they had received orders toseek for a new habitation. I was in­formed that a Merchant of immensefortune in London, who had latelypurchased the estate on which theylived, intended to lay the whole outin a seat of pleasure for himself. Istaid 'till the day on which they werecompelled to remove, and own I neverfelt so sincere a concern before.I was grieved to see a generous,virtuous race of men, who should beconsidered as the strength and theornament of their country, torn fromtheir little habitations, and driven outto meet poverty and hardship amongstrangers. No longer to earn and en­joy the fruits of their labour, they werenow going to toil as hirelings undersome rigid Master, to flatter the opu­lent for a precarious meal, and to leavetheir children the inheritance of wantand slavery. The modest matronfollowed her husband in tears, andoften looked back at the little mansionwhere she had passed her life in inno­cence, and to which she was never moreto return; while the beautiful daughterparted for ever from her Lover, whowas now become too poor to maintainher as his wife. All the connexions ofkindred were now irreparably broken;their neat gardens and well cultivatedfields were left to desolation.Strata jacent passim, hominumqueboumque lab ores.Such was their misery, and I couldwish that this were the only instanceof such migrations of late. But I aminformed that nothing is at presentmore common than such revolutions.In almost every part of the kingdom,the laborious husbandman has been re­duced, and the lands are now eitheroccupied by some general undertaker,or turned into enclosures destined forthe purposes of amusement or luxury.Wherever the traveller turns, whilehe sees one part of the inhabitants ofthe country becoming immensely rich,he sees the other growing miserablypoor, and the happy equality of condi­tion now entirely removed.The reader may recognize in these linesa first draft, in prose, of that most popularof Goldsmith's poems--The Deserted ViI;..lage. Incidentally, this essay settles thelengthy controversy raised by that poem­whether "Sweet Auburn" was an Englishor an Irish village. Most historians haveheld it to be an Irish village-Lissoy­near where Goldsmith once lived. Thisessay shows that it was an English village.New Essays has, besides, passages of ex­cellent prose:But I must write, or I cannot live.Tho' modesty, tho' indolence and loveof obscurity would conspire to dissuademe, I must, perhaps, for life, incur thereproach of venality. I must be thoughtan hireling if I receive small retribu­tion for attempting to instruct society;while others escape the censure, thoughthey receive immense fortunes for this BOOKS 213purpose, without scarce an effort toinstruct themselves. But let folly ordullness join to brand me; I shall takeno shame to. myself for endeavouringto enforce morals or improve goodhumour. There is no shame in makingtruth wear the face of entertainment,or letting ridicule fly only at mentaldeformity; nor is there any shame inbeing paid for it. It is not every scholarwho pretends to despise this prostitu­tion of talents, whose works have suf­ficient beauty to allure our employer topropose terms of similar prostitution.I t is not every Gentleman who canforego, like me, the common and vend­ible topicks of government abuse, onwhich I could descant perhaps withelegance, in order to select generalfollies; on which topick it is probableI may be generally disregarded. Thereis no merit, nor do I claim any in thebenevolence of my present publication;but there is at least some in the selec­tion of my subject; And shall I beashamed of being paid a trifle for doingthis, when Bishops are paid for scarcepreaching on Sundays !-Essay XV.Altogether this volume is a triumph ofAmerican scholarship and a benefaction tolovers of Goldsmith. And one might addthat it is a credit to the University of Chi­cago Press, which produced it.MiltonMilton Papers) by Professor David H. Stevens, Ph.D. )14.The University of Chicago Press. 45 Pages. $2.00.IN HIS recent volume of Literary Blas­phemies, Mr. Ernest Boyd cites Miltonas the chief example of a classic who sur­vives only in the class-room and by virtueof the propaganda of professors, witha vested interest in his fame. If this betrue, it is a singular fact that scholars ofliterature have given so little attention toMilton in comparison with the investiga­tion bestowed upon Shakespeare, Chaucer,and even Spenser. It may be that themonumental work of David Masson dis­couraged others from entering the field. More probably, the fact that Milton in hispoetry is modern in language and construc­tion and yields himself readily to a super­ficial understanding is the reason -why hehas been less of a challenge to scholarshipthan his equals in distinction. U ndoubt­edly, the further fact that he furnished thepopularly accepted version of Christianmythology accounts for his perennial inter­est, in alliance, and often confusion, withthe· Bible. It is contended that, in itsrepresentation of the ways of God in deal­ing with men, Paradise Lost comes so near214 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEto the popular heart that it may be de­scribed as a folk-epic. Even to-day ourevangelical heritage makes us admit thatif there were a God he would be like that.At all events, the theory seems to be quitewrong that Milton survives because ofacademic interest in his behalf. Mr. Boydwould do better to argue that Milton'ssurvival owes something to neglect on thepart of the professors.If Milton was long overlooked as asubject of scholarship, the last ten yearshave tended to make good the deficiency.Possibly owing to the challenge of M.Saurat's La Pensee de Milton, the life,character and work of Milton have recentlyexcited attention and received a scrutinycomparable to that of Chaucer and Shake­speare. Participating in this revival areseveral American scholars, of whom Pro­fessors Hanford, Gilbert, Havens, andStevens are especially to be mentioned.Professor Stevens's volume of MiltonPapers in the MODERN PHILOLOGY Mono­graphs is the result of his study inEngland two years ago, at the BritishMuseum., the Public Record Office, theBodleian, and also at Bridgewater House,where he made for the first time a reallycritical examination of the manuscript ofComus in possession of the Egerton family.The papers consist of an account of the realestate transactions of John Milton, fatherof the poet, from 1619 and 1629, recordedin six deeds to property in London whichProfessor Stevens found in the PublicRecord Office. The fact that MiltonSenior invested £ 1 000 within these nineyears confirms the view of the materialposition of the family. A second paperdeals with the financial history of thePowell family. Undoubtedly Milton's firstmarriage grew out of financial relations;the unsatisfactory character of the latterdoubtless cast a blight on the former. Atall events, Mary Powell's dowry was neverpaid, a fact which partly explains the bitter- ness of the irony with which Milton in hiswill recorded: "The portion due to mefrom Mr. Powell, my former wife's fatherI leave to the unkind children I had b;her, .having received no part of it."Dr. Stevens's examination of the Bridge­water Ms. of Comus throws light on thecooperation of Milton with Lawes, whowas serviceable as collaborator, musician,actor, producer, and editor. "The obliga­tion seems unique in the story of Englishletters." Perhaps the most interesting ofthe papers is that on "The Stage Versionsof Comus." Of these the opera by Rolliin 1737, and the play by Dalton in 1738,are to be connected with the renewedinterest in Milton toward the middle ofthe eighteenth century. Dr. Stevens hascollected ample evidence of the popularityof the second, which continued to be re­vived during the next thirty-five years.In 1772 a new version by George Colmanpreserved the plot with a considerablylowered moral tone, shortened the text to298 lines, and increased the elements ofdance and song. In 1815 Thomas Dibdinprovided a new text. In 1842 a completeoperatic version was given at CoventGarden, "with the smallest amount of thetrue Comus text to be found in any of theadaptations." This history casts light onthe survival of Milton, uninfluenced andunprotected by scholarship. It also illus­trates the changes in theatrical fashionthroughout two centuries before Miltoncame into his own Comus again, with therevival of the masque, in its original man­ner, at the Tercentenary Celebration atCambridge in 1909.It is a pleasure to write of Dr. Stevens'sbook, so impeccable in scholarship, so un­assuming in tone, so clear and attractive instyle. It is to be hoped that it is but theforerunner of further studies by him in afield which he has made his own.ROBERT MORSS LOVETTA transcript 0/ a deed that reveals extensive dealings In Londonreal estate by John Milton} the elder.215Practical ChristianityChristianity In the Modern W orld, by Ernest DeWitt Burton. Universityof Chicago Press. 195 pages. $2.00THOSE who have known PresidentBurton's work and have come to thinkof him as the greatest American NewTestament scholar of the past half-century,will take up this volume with no little in­terest. Professor Harold R. Willoughbyof the New Testament Department of theUniversity has made a careful study of theunpublished material left by Dr. Burtonat his death. He has shown rare skill inselecting what is most valuable and mostinspiring in the life and thought of thisleader.The book is in two parts. In the firstpart, concerning "The. Religion of Jesusand of Paul," we have Dr. Burton's vividpictures of first-century religion and itsleaders.Of particular interest is his chapter en­titled "Jesus and Paul." He vividly por­trays the origin of the Christian religionas a part of the life of its time. "It was notan event which, like the appearance of acomet, breaks suddenly and without ante­cedents into a succession of events, and,passing, leaves no marks behind. It hadits antecedents in the long line of Hebrewprophets" (page 71). The birth of Christi­anity is " comparable for sheer magnitudeof influence with such major events asAlexander's conquest, the invention ofprinting, and the discovery of America""I t is not a slight rise of groundin an otherwise flat plain; it is not a moun­tain peak that lifts itself by a few feet abovethe level of the other peaks of the range.I t is a great event that has profoundlyaffected the history of the race."The Gospel of Jesus would have meantlittle to non-Jewish nations except as it wasinterpreted and translated and adapted."For Paul's interpretation of Jesus, we havereason to be forever grateful. Withouthim, it is difficult to see how the messageof Jesus could have ever come to the nations of Europe or to us." But if Paul inter­preted Jesus to his people in terms of theirown life and thinking, it is our duty to dothe same for our age. Each man musthear the Gospel in his own tongue and typeof thought, and interpret Jesus in the termsof his own thinking. "Paul's right andduty is also our right, and not only ourright, but our duty" (page 98).In the second part, "Christianity in theLife of Today," we see Dr. Burton's powerin applying the Christian religion to theproblems of our modern world. "Is theGolden Rule workable between Nations?"-this was one of the many subjects uponwhich Burton spoke with keen insight andlarge vision. Dr. Burton's thought alongthis line is intensely positive and vigorous.He first indicates the meaning of theGolden Rule. "If I owe you $50.00, thatis a matter between you and me. I oweit without reference to anyone else" (page140). But the very universality of theGolden Rule demands that in applying itto anyone person, I shall not forget thoseothers to whom it applies. "I cannot decidewhat I ought to do for other people's chil­dren without considering the welfare ofmy own children."The Golden Rule thus has two meanings,a negative and a positive. "Negatively, itmeans that I shall abstain from conductingmy own affairs to my advantage regardlessof the welfare of others. Positively,it means that I shall not only be polite andcourteous to others because I myself liketo be treated with courtesy, not only thatI shall be a gentleman to all, but that Ishall plan my whole life in such a way thatit shall make the largest contribution to thewelfare of the community."Applied between nations, the GoldenRule means that a nation should "abstainfrom any course of action whichwill work injustice to a neighbor nation or216PRACTICAL CHRISTIANITYinflict on it any damage save such a damageas being incidental to some larger goodany nation ought to be willing to sufferfor the common good" (pageI43).It is in the "positive" application of theGolden Rule between nations that Dr.Burton speaks with a prophetic insightwhich searches the heart in these days oftesting. "The Golden Rule between na­tions demands that each nation shall do itsutmost to maintain at home a pure, strong,healthful life, all classes working, not eachfor its own interest, but all for the interestsof all." But the development of our ownnational life is only half of the Golden Rule.The essential characteristic of the Christiannation is that it be ready to share its bless­ings and its knowledge with other nations.I t is in observance of this principle that"we establish schools in other lands, inwhich we teach not only the Bible and the­ology, but the physical sciences, medicine,history, political economy and political sci­ence" (page 145). "It is incumbent on us 217also, as need arises, to give them ourmoney," and help in any time of need. Dr.Burton cites many instances of the splendidresults of such help.Is the Golden Rule workable betweennations? The answer is that it is moreworkable between nations than between in­dividuals. When nations set it at naught,the issues are far-reaching and wide-spread­ing. It is more practicable between nationsthan between individuals because nationsact with more deliberation, less under theinfluences of sudden passion than individ­uals. We must train ourselves to apply theGolden Rule positively and constructively."The Golden Rule is -it is the only rulethat is-workable between nations" (pageISO) .The volume fittingly closes with Dr.Burton's views on the future of Christianed ucation in China. Present events in thatcountry are testifying to his remarkable in­sight into this subject.BENJAMIN W. ROBINSON• • •1n lilY 01)IIIlOnBy FRED B. MILLETT .. Assistant Professor of EnglishA S a child, I was warned not to look.Ll. a gift horse in the teeth. As a constantreader, I should have learned never to looka prize novel squarely in the eye. In a recentencounter with the Atlantic $10,000 prizenovel, J alna, by Miss Mazo de la Roche, Iwas so unwise as to make a collection ofsuch horrible examples as are wont to makeeven Freshmen gape. I submit a few foryour delectation."Sitting in a tearoom, the first lines ofa new poem began to take form in hismind." My imagination struggles to pictureeither the lines of a new poem or a mindsitting in a tearoom. Let us hurry on to "anintangible something he saw in her eyes,""an artistic stucco bungalow in Brooklyn,( !) overlooking golf links and a glimpseof the ocean." Among the descriptive gemsI noted such originalities as "The moon was sinking, and a deathlike pallor layacross the scene." or "A pear tree near thehouse had dropped its fruit on the grass,where it lay richly yellow, giving to theeyes of the town dweller an air of negligentwell-being to ,the scene." or such a blurrednote as "A rabbit. ran along the path be­neath, quite unaware of him." and suchredundancies as "The sideboard,' the cabi­nets, towered toward the ceiling. Heavycornices glowered ponderously from above."The artist who says, "'I've got somethingin my head that I want to get out. I musthave solitude'" and his wife who wantshim (( 'to live for his art''' illustrate thenovelty of Miss de la Roche's conceptionsof character. The brightest. gem of all is,"'And, by my halidom,' she exclaimed,­for she was devoted to Sir Walter Seott,­'I am the bride!' " This model is offered to218 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEother exclamatory heroines. "By Jupiter."she exclaimed,-for she loved her Homer,-"I am refined I" That melody can beplayed effectively with one finger on anuntuned piano.Seriously, this prize-winning novel is anotable example of the conspicuous triumphof mediocrity. Of it Gertrude Atherton,the eminently experienced, if not exactlyeminent, novelist, wrote, "It is a fine, first­rate, fascinating novel, full of life andcharacter," and Basil King's tribute tookthe form of "In style, strength and ampli­tude, it ranks with the best fiction inEnglish." These ecstacies sound like pub­lishers' blurbs, but they are apparentlyserious comments from professional writers.We may .well inquire the reasons whya novel written in an inferior style has wona large and distinguished prize and criticalencomia. It is certain, in spite of Mrs.Atherton, that this mass of banalities couldnot be a "fine," much less a "first-rate"novel. Is there anything in the novel thatmight to the uncritical seem "fascinating,full of life and character"? The bookfollows obediently in the steps of suchfamily-novels as The Forsyte Saaa, Bud­denbrooks, the Small Souls series, and TheMatriarch� and accordingly is full ofcharacters, if not of character. The ques- tion is whether or not they have any life inthem. It must be admitted that with thecharacters which she presents objectivelyMiss de la Roche has a certain success. Thegrandmother at the age of ninety-nine hasmore vitality than any of her numerousdescendants. The eccentric uncles are pic­turesque automata. The horrid youngster,Wakefield, is broadly effective, and his bur­ly brothers, Renny and Piers, achieve a sim­ple solidity. But with one exception herhandling of the subtler characters is ama­teurish. Alayne, the American girl, ispreposterous, and her poet-husband isa good match for her. Only with theunadjusted adolescent, Finch, does theauthor show any gift for the creation of apersonalty from within.I suspect that the "fascination" of thisnovel arises from its atavistic subject. Forit offers the fading. spectacle of a clanvarious but centripetal, such as was commonin the more settled parts of the country ageneration ago, but is almost non-existenttoday. The passing of the clan evokes inthe middle-aged a nostalgic pathos. It isa pity that Miss de la Roche in writing herfour earlier novels did not acquire insightand technique which would have donejustice to her unusual and attractivematerial.Song in a GardenBy GEORGE DILLON*Whatever I love I shall forget:Even the dove, and the violet,Even the clover blossomingIn whirlpools in the grass in spring.Music, even-everything.Is there anything I can keep?In sleep more silent than a dreamOf swans upon a silver streamWhen the wind is low, and the sun has set.What I know I shall forget.*From his book, Boy in the Wind�bt mnibersitp of C!Cbicago jff1aga?intEditor and Business 1Jlanager, ALLEN HEALD, '26EDITORIAL BOARD: Commerce and Administration Association-DoNALD P. BEAN,'17; Divinity Association-C. T. HOLMAN, D. B., '16; Doctors' Association-D. J.FISHER, '17, Ph.D., '22; Law Association-CHARLES F. McELROY, A.M., '06, J. D., 'IS;School of Education Association-e-Ln.r.tax STEVENSON, '21; Rush Medical Association­MORRIS FISHBEIN, 'II, M.D., '12.eJ7e:A(T S B? COM MeJ\([---------------0---------------THE spring night took its last deepbreath. The sky brightened a littlebehind Fraternity Row; and the stars, politeeven at that hour, took theA n hint and excused themselves oneI ncident by one.at Dawn Two boys walked across. theQuadrangles. It had been theirturn to read proof for �he A1aroon thatnight; and the linotype machine, by a miser­able stroke of luck, had chosen that nightto break.Black windows stared down at them.The lights on the medieval lamp-posts hadbeen turned out hours before. Even theAlpha Delt living room was dark; the lastmagnificent idler had gone to bed."Gosh, Joe," said the Freshman, "theplace isn't itself."Joe said nothing. If he had not beenso sleepy he would have said, "What do youexpect at five a. m. Of course there's noone around."A robin, thinking of dreams that hadnot quite vanished, sang out from an elmtree on the Midway. Presently another,perched on a stunted oak near the women'shalls, answered sadly. They sang to anempty world. The boys approached Ryerson Labora­tory."Look," said the Freshman suddenly.Joe looked, doubtfully. A fierce greenlight sputtered inside a basement window.Sometimes a giant seemed to pend over theflame; sometimes elves seemed to danceabout it, trying awkwardly to stir a caldronthat hung above; sometimes the roomseemed empty but for the light. It blindedyou, as a matter of fact, till you could nottell what you saw."Some fellow's at work in there," saidthe Freshman."He's crazy," said Joe.The Freshman-now an alumnus of afew years standing-read a curious storyin a newspaper not long ago. It told howa committee had given a famous prize to astudent of physics, a man who had investi­gated the behavior of light.The Freshman showed Joe the story."Do you think he was the fellow with thegreen light, that night?""Probably not," said Joe.But the Freshman still thinks so.219ALUMN.IROWLAND HAYNES, Secretary of theUniversity, has made a tour of severalalumni centers in the Missouri Valley, andin the South. He addressed a jointluncheon of the Omaha alumni and theOmaha Community Chest Council on Feb­ruary 6, a dinner of the Kansas Cityalumni on February 8, and an alumnimeeting in Atlanta on February 17. Othermeetings may have been added to his itin­erary after this issue went to press.Mr. Haynes has had long experiencein social service, both outside and withinthe University. Before coming to the U ni­versity he was well known as one of theoriginators of the Community Chest plan.GORDON JENNINGS LAING, Dean of theGraduate School of Arts and Literature,and Editor of the University Press, willspeak at several cities on the Pacific Coastin the latter part of February. He willaddress alumni and other organizations inSan Francisco, Seattle, Tacoma, and per­haps other centers. He will be the princi­pal speaker at the installation of MATTHEWLYLE SPENCER, Ph.D. '!O, as President ofthe University of Washington.Alumni engaged in educational workthroughout the country will meet on Feb­ruary 29, in Boston. CHARLES H. JUDD,Director of the School of Education, willreport recent developments at the U ni­versity. HOMER RAINEY, AM. '23, Ph.D. '24, who has recently become Presidentof Franklin College, is another speaker.President Angell of Yale is expected to bepresent. The affair will be a dinner heldin connection with the annual meeting of a AFFAI RSRowland Haynesbranch of the National Education Associa­tion. The interest, however, will not belimited to educational technique. Alumniin other kinds of work will attend fromBoston and elsewhere in New England andNew York.The Detroit Alumni Club held a socialmeeting on Friday evening, January 27.Miss CLAUDIA CRUMPTON, A.M. '09,sponsored the affair.Dean SHAILER MATHEWS of the DivinitySchool spoke to the alumni a.t Ames, Iowa,. at a dinner on January 21. Forty-fivealumni and guests heard his report on re­cent developments at the University.This is the second meeting of the AmesAlumni Club for the present school year.At a luncheon on December I ProfessorMABEL RUSSELL, '25, of the Applied' ArtDepartment of Iowa State College gave anappreciative resume of the work of the lateProfessor Sargent.220DR. PETER KRONFIELDofVienna,until recently an assistant in the re­nowned eye clinic of Professor Josef M ul­ler, has accepted an appointment as assistantprofessor of ophthalmology at the U niver­sity. Dr. Kronfeld has been engaged on re­search in physiological chemistry of thefluids of the eye which have bearing on eyediseases such as glaucoma. The appoint­ment of Dr. Kronfeld is the first researchappointment made under the KuppenheimerFoundation, for which Mr. Louis Kuppen­heimer recently gave the University $250-000. Professor Kronfeld's services will beavailable to the University not only in re­search but also in the care of patients in thenew University Clinics. He assumed hisduties on January IS.THE University has just received thefirst font of Egyptian hieroglyphic typein the United States. Only one other fontis in existence, at Oxford University, wherethe matrices for the Chicago type werecut last summer. Constant demand for thehieroglyphics in printing the records of theUniversity of Chicago's expeditions inEgypt and for the publication of MiddleKingdom Egyptian grammatical material,convinced Professor James Henry Breastedthat a complete font of the type wouldbe more efficient than the old method ofmaking zinc etchings for every printing.Professor Alan Gardiner drew the char­acters, modeling them from specimens inthe voluminous records of the university'sepigraphic expedition. These standard char­acters number 724 symbols, each repre­senting an idea rather than a letter. Theyshow humans, animals, utensils, and parts ofbuildings, but the combinations permit ex­pression of the most sophisticated ideas. J c. M. HANSON, acting director of• the University Libraries, and WilliamW. Bishop, librarian of the University ofMichigan, will head a group of Americanlibrarians who are to catalog a section ofthe Vatican Library. The work will bedone under a grant accepted by the Vaticanfrom the Carnegie Foundation for Inter­national Peace. Much of the material inthe great library is at present unavailableto scholars because of incomplete cataloging.Mr. Hanson is recognized as one of theworld's leading authorities on library re­organization. For fourteen years he waschief of the cataloging division of the Li­brary of Congress, originating its system ofclassification, and he was also prominentin drafting the rules for classification whichare now standard in England and theu nited States.The present Pope, Pius XI, who was formany years librarian of the Ambrosianacollection in Milan, and between 19I4 and1918 was prefect" of the Vatican Library,is greatly interested in modernizing thelibrary. The section cataloged is to demon­strate the possibilities of a modern system,and it is expected that the cataloging willbe extended through the entire collection.DR. JAMES HENRY BREASTED,. chairman of the Department of Orien­tal Languages and Literatures', was electedpresident of the American HistoricalAssociation at its recent meeting in Wash­ington. Dr. Breasted will direct a nation­wide research program planned to developthe truths of American history. He is nowin Luxor, supervising the work of five re­search expeditions in Egypt and Asia Minorworking under the auspices of the U niver­sity's Oriental Institute, of which he isdirector.22INE\vS OF THEQUADRANQLESA Women's Revueof CollegeMIRROR, the University women'sdramatic organization, will presentHigh Heels, its third annual show, onMarch 9 and 10.This organization has already become animportant part of the University's winterrepertoire. It is the only dramatic associa­tion made up entirely of women in anyAmerican co-educational college or univer­sity. Women students construct the showfrom books, lyrics and music submitted bythe student body at large. Women studentsdesign the costumes and scenery, managethe production and act the play. The showincludes choruses, songs and classic ballets.Miss Helen King, '28 Miss Frances Kendall, '28Helen of Troy, a song from last year'sMirror show, has been purchased by theEnglish comedienne Beatrice Lillie for hernext play.Frank Hurburt O'Hara, '15, is direct­ing the production this year. Mack Evans,Director of the University choir and theBlackfriars' choruses, coaches the singing,and Mrs. Clarke Venable has charge of thedancing.The managing Staff consists this yearof Helen King, Business Manager; FrancesKendall, Production Manager; and Kath­ryn Rose, Marion McGann Sears andEleanor Metzel, Board of Ad visors.222By VICTOR ROTERUSJ '29IF Nels Norgren's basketball team con­tinues to perform in their remainingseven Conference games as they have in theirfirst five, it seems as if the Bartlett patronswill see the Maroons play brilliantly attimes and listlessly at others, win at timesand lose at others, and wind up the seasonwith about a .500 standing. Right nowthey have won two and lost three.Indiana's basketball team, which isabout as good as basketball teams go, havesquelched the Maroons twice by the scoresof 33-13 and 32-12. In the game at Indi­ana, the Hoosiers rallied around theirpowerful center, and when it was all overthis center, McCracken, had collected elev­en field goals. In the game at Bartlett, theMaroons naturally watched McCrackenquite closely. Though his shots were few,the tall fellow managed to get the ball tohis mates rather frequently, and, as a result,the Maroons discovered that among theother good shots on the Indiana team wereWells, Correll, Beckner, and Strickland.The game was never in doubt, for Indianahad twelve points before any of theMaroons had found the basket.The Northwestern game had the capacitycrowd in Bartlett continually on its feet,and the Evanston team was exceedinglyfortunate in being able to wrench a 15-14victory from the Maroons. The guardingthroughout was so intense that two Ma­roons and a Northwestern player wereejected from the game for exceeding thefouling limit. Here the breaks favoredNorthwestern, for with the Maroons ahead1 1 -9 in the thick of the struggle, Gist andFarwell were forced from the game. Freethrows tied the score, and Northwesternmanaged to acquire the lead with two fieldgoals. Just before the gun went off, theMaroons had a chance to tie the score fromthe foul-line but failed.Then Ohio State went ahead and de- feated Northwestern, and Ohio was nexton the Maroon card. According to all thelaws of statistics, the Maroons were doomedfor a defeat. But Ohio was beaten on itsown floor by a 25-2 I score. Long shotsby Gist and Hoerger decided the game.Against Minnesota the Maroons againcame back in the closing minutes of the gameto win. With the count 20-16 againstthem, Norgren's hopefuls held the Gopherscompletely in check until they ran theirtotal up .to 26 points. The Maroons trieda little of Indiana's thunder on the North­men, and it was successful.' Gist droppedin four baskets.Most of the work in these games has beendone by Farwell, Zimmerman, Changnon,forwards; Gist, center; Hoerger, Mc­Donough, guards.The track team won an indoor meet fromIndiana by a score of 50 1-2 to 35' 1-2 toatone somewhat for the basketball reverses.Buck Weaver, the sophomore who wrappeda football suit around his 230 pounds andplayed guard for Stagg this fall, heavedthe shot 43 feet 8 inches for the outstand­ing mark of the evening. Libby, anothersophomore who performed on the grid, tooksecond in the event. Gleason, Root andCody, all Maroons, finished in the ordernamed to make a clean sweep in the 50yard dash. Chicago made another sweepin the high hurdles event which was wonby Smith.The swim and water polo teams, coachedby McGillivary, met defeat at the handsof Wisconsin at Madison. Though the Ma­roons captured five out of seven first places,they lost. The polo team, last year's con­ference champs, lost in a game which woundup in a throaty dispute.Hoffer's gym team, Vorres' mat squad,and Merrill's fencers are all set for theirConference meetings. The gym team seemscapable of taking another Conference title.223NEWS OF THE CLASSESAND ASSOCIATIONSColleges'oo-e-jarnes D. Magee, A.M., Ph.D.'13, head of the Department of Economicsat N ew York University, has transferredhis undergraduate teaching from the Schoolof Commerce to Washington Square Col­-lege.'07-Henry Mendelsohn has been pro­moted to the Assistant Principalship of theWendell Phillips High School, Chicago.'08-William E. Wrather, who is aconsulting geologist, is now located at 4300Overhill Drive, Dallas, Texas.'09-Ned A. Merriam, ex, has been ap­pointed assistant track coach at the U ni­versity of Chicago. He was a member ofthe track team at the University in I g06,1907 and I90S., ro-e-Elizabeth Meguiar, Certif., of1309 Tennessee, Lawrence, Kansas, isAssistant Professor of Home Economics atthe University of Kansas, and is ActingDean of Women during 1927-28.'I I-Moses Levitan, J.D. '13, andJames J. Glassner, ex 'IZ, are members ofthe law firm of Krinsky, Levitan & Glass­ner with offices at 769, I I I W. Washing­ton Street, Chicago.'I I -Charles R. Sammis, ex, is WesternAdvertising Manager for Good House­keeping Magazine, 715, 326 W. MadisonStreet, Chicago."r z-e-Campbell Marvin, of 1744 East85th Street, is President of the LansingRealty Corporation located at 180 N.Michigan Avenue, Chicago.'I5-Irma H. Gross, A.M. '25, AssistantProfessor of Home Economics at MichiganState College, East Lansing, Michigan,will conduct a European Homes Tour forThomas Cook & Son, N ew York City,during the Summer of I92S. 'Is-Mrs. Frederic R. Kilner (ColleenBrowne) is the author of "La-La Man inMusic Land," a book for children, whichhas received much favorable comment frommusic critics. The publishers are Lothrop,Lea & Shepard Company, Boston.'I5-Avis Smith, of 4254 Byron Street,is Director of the Nursery School of theSchool of Domestic Arts and Sciences, 350Belden Avenue, Chicago.'I5-A. K. Sykes, 10420 S. LeavittStreet, Chicago, is Director of Advertisingfor the Trustees System Service.'I6-Leroy Campbell, J.D. '18, is activehead of the Legal Department of the LegalAid Society of N ew York City.'16- Juanita H. Floyd, Head of theModern Language Department of SalemCollege, Winston-Salem, South Carolina,has recently edited "Le Cure de Tours" byBalzac.'16-Vernon F. Schwalm, A.M., Ph.D.'26, has been President of McPherson Col­lege, McPherson, Kansas, since July 1927.'IS-Charles H. Thompson, A.M. '20,Ph.D. '25, is Associate Professor in theCollege of Education of Howard U niver­sity, Washington, D. C.'Ig-Martha Simond is located at theY. M. C. A. in Toledo, Ohio.'zo-e-Leah P. Libman, 8II7 DrexelAvenue, Chicago, is a Probation Officerfor the Juvenile Court of Cook County.'22-Julia E. Norris, Hotel Oaks,Chico, California, supervises practice teach­ing of third and fourth grade in the StateNormal at Chico.'23-Alexandra J. McNicol,S 12 Cres­cent Street, N. E., Grand Rapids, Michi­gan, teaches Physical Education in theVocational and Technical High School,Grand Rapids.224NEWS OF CLASSES AND ASSOCIATIONS'23-Mrs. Jennie N. Phelps, 6426 Ken­wood Avenue, Chicago, is Principal of theYale School, Chicago.'23-Ruth Schmalhausen directs theDepartment of Home Economics at Beth­any College, Bethany, West Virginia.'23-Doris M. Strail is doing researchwork with the International LivestockBureau at the Stockyards, Chicago. •'23-Amy R. Woller, A.M. '24, 1138Browning Boulevard, Los Angeles, is aninstructor of Art in the School of Archi­tecture of the University of Southern Cali­fornia at Los Angeles.'24-Mrs. Grace L. Bixby, 5816 HarperAvenue, Chicago, teaches in the FrancesE. Willard School, Chicago.'24-Dena F. Lange is an Assistant inthe Division of Curriculum, Book andSupplies of St. Louis Public Schools. Herhorne address is 3437 Shenandoah Avenue,St. Louis, Missouri."'24-William B. Philip is an instructorof History and Social Science at BradleyPolytechnic Institute, Peoria, Illinois.'25-Esther L. Philley manages theMorgan Park High School lunchroom.Her home address is 5514 BlackstoneAvenue, Chicago.'24-Lillian R. Watkins, 816 BoltonAvenue, teaches Mathematics at BoltonHigh School, Alexandria, Louisiana. 225'25-Herbert A. Ball, 802 HowardStreet, Wheaton, Illinois, is a chemist forthe Dallas Brass & Copper Company ofChicago.'25-Mary R. Barnette, Apartment 24,The Roanoke, Cincinnati, teaches Englishand Economics in Hughes High School,Cincinnati, Ohio.'25-Robert S. Campbell is employed bythe U. S. Forest Service. His address isBox 67 I, Las Cruces, New Mexico.'25-Stella Campbell teaches in theEnglish Department of the Harbord Col­legiate Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Can­ada.'25-Sister Mary Callista Convey, whowas a patient at Mercy Hospital, Chicago,for over a year, has resumed her teachingat St. Xavier's College, 4928 CottageGrove Avenue, Chicago.'25-Vera M. Hartwell, 882 ShepardAvenue, Milwaukee, teaches in the ArtDepartment of the State Teachers Collegeat Milwaukee, Wisconsin.'25-Lois Hensel, 955 W. Grand Ave.,Chicago, has charge of the Household ArtsDepartment at the" Chicago Commons andis doing some very interesting health work.There is an opportunity for Chicagoalumnae to do voluntary service at ChicagoCommons.School of EducationTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO DINNERTHE University of Chicago Dinner,which is held each year at the time ofthe meeting of the Department of Superin­tendence of the National Education Asso­cation, will take place on Wednesday eve­ning, February the twenty-ninth, 1928, atsix o'clock in the Twentieth Century Club,3 Joy Street, Boston, Massachusetts.Harlan T. Stetson, President of theMassachusetts Club of the University ofChicago, will be toastmaster. President] ames R. Angell, Yale University, Super­intendent Joseph M. Gwinn, President ofthe Department of Superintendence, andPresident Homer Rainey, Franklin College, Franklin, Indiana, have been invited tospeak. Dr. Judd will take part in the pro­gram by reporting on events at the U ni­versity.Arrangements for a social half hour arebeing made by alumni of the Universityin Boston.Tickets may be secured from DeanWilliam S. Gray, School of Education,University of Chicago, or from Miss Pris­cilla Sanborn, 1 I Tetlow Street, Boston,Massachusetts, for $2.00.FACULTY MEMBERS AT BOSTON MEETINGSome of the members of the School ofEducation faculty who will appear on the226 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEvarious programs of the Department ofSuperintendence are:Mr. Harry O. Gillet: Department ofElementary School Principals-"Planninga Year's Program of Supervision."Dean William S. Gray: at a conferenceon the professional preparation of ruralschool teachers which is being organizedby Commissioner Tigert-"J ob Analysis asa Basis for Constructing Rural Curricula" ;before the National Society of CollegeTeachers of Education-"A ProposedProgram of Academic and ProfessionalTraining for Undergraduates and Gradu­ate Students"; at a conference of directorsof curriculum construction-"What ShallWe Do with the Subject Matter Divisionsin the Elementary Schools?"Dr. W. C. Reavis: before the Commis­sion on the High-School Curriculum willdiscuss "Needs of the American AdolescentYouth."Dr. F. N. Freeman: at the meeting ofthe American Association of TeachersColleges-"What Knowledge of Psychol­ogy Is of Most Worth to Teachers?";meeting of the National Society for theStudy of Education-"The Interpretationof the Evidence Presented in the 27th Year­book on the Influence of Nature and Nur­ture on Intelligence"; meeting of theNational Society for College Teachers ofEducation-"Where Does One Go forFundamental Assumptions in Education?"Dr. W. W. Charters: before the CityTeacher Training Section-"CharacterDevelopment in the Teachers' College Cur­riculum"; at the meeting of ElementarySchool Principals-"Evaluating Supervi­sion."Dr. Charles H. Judd: National Societyfor the Study of Education-criticism andappraisal of 27th Yearbook on the Influenceof Nature and Nurture on Intelligence;before junior college group meeting­"Economy of Time through ReorganizedJunior College"; at a round table on edu­cation psychology-"What Shall Be theBasic Courses, Together with Their Con­tent, in the Field of Educational Psychol­ogy?"; at a joint program of the Depart­ment of Superintendence with the National Principals' Association-"Can SupervisionBe Scientific?"; before the EducationalResearch Association-"The Place of Re­search in a Program of CurriculumDevelopment. "Dr. William H. Burton is president ofthe National Conference on EducationalMethod which is meeting in Boston at thetime of the Department of Superintendencemeeting. This association is publishing thefirst general yearbook in this country onsupervision.SCHOOL OF EDUCATION NOTES'25-Cloy S. Hobson, A.M., is Principalof the High School and Superintendent ofthe Grades at Genoa, Illinois.'25-Robert C. Scarf, A.M., is AssistantProfessor of Education at the Ball Teach­ers College, Muncie, Indiana.'26-Mrs. Zella K. Flores, A.M., hasleft Brighton, Colorado, to become prin­cipal of an elementary school in Lewiston,Montana.'26-Ethel Gallup: A.M., has acceptedthe position of Visiting Teacher in the Pub­lic Schools of Hutchinson, Kansas.'26-Minnie A. Gibbard, Ph.B., isPrincipal of the LaSalle School, Misha­waka, Indiana.'26-George W. McMurtrey, A.M., isInstructor in Psychology, State TeachersCollege, Aberdeen, South Dakota.'26-Agnes F. Rice, Ph.B., is in Normal,Illinois, where she is giving courses in Kin­dergarten-Primary methods at the IllinoisState N ormal University.'24-Cynthia J. Townsend, A. M. '2-t-,is principal of the High School, Girard,Kansas.'24- Jewell C. Hughes has recently beenpromoted to an Associate Professorship ofMathematics at the University of Arkansas.'16-Alice Adams, 491 S. Seventh Street,San Jose,· California, is teaching in SanJose State Teachers College.'16-J. P. Carey is Assistant Professorof Geography in the Central State TeachersCollege at Mount Pleasant, Michigan.'I7-Paul H. Beck, A. M. is Principalof the Foster Public School, Chicago.NEWS OF CLASSES AND ASSOCIATIONS, 17- J. Ray Cable is Associate Professorof Finance and Banking at WashingtonUniversity, St. Louis, Missouri.'25-Vernon E. L. Mrazek has beengranted a Fellowship in Dermatology atRush Medical College of the University.'26-6Iadys Hamlin is teaching NormalTraining in the Sioux Falls, South Dakota,High School.'27-Kancy Lee Farley, A.M., is In­structor in Education, University of Ne­braska, Lincoln, Nebraska.'27-Dorothea K. Adolph, Ph.B., dur­ing the coming year will be connected withthe Shaker Heights Schools, Cleveland,Ohio, as a primary teacher.'27-Virgil R. Gunn, AM., is Instruc-'63-C. F. Little writes "Trying to doall the good I can at age 92. My daughter,Dr. B. Belle Little and I in 1915 builtand own the Charlotte Swift MemorialHospital, Manhattan, Kansas. In 1926 itwas necessary to add on to it."'9I-Byron M. Caples is Medical Di­rector . and President of the WaukeshaSprings Sanitarium, Waukesha, Wisconsin.'95-Benjamin A. Arnold is practicingMedicine and Surgery at 320 N. GalenaAvenue, Freeport, Illinois.'95-Willard D. Arnold is located atEast 8-14th Avenue, Spokane, Washing­ton, where he is a practicing Physician andSurgeon.'01- Jeremiah "H. Metzger is MedicalDirector of the New Mexico Cottage Sana­torium for Tuberculosis at Silver City,New Mexico.'oI-D. D. Monroe is Superintendentand Medical Director of the MadisonCounty Sanatorium at Edwardsville, Illi­nois. He writes " and best of allgetting my twenty-two year old son readyto enter Rush a year hence."'02-George B. Lake, r ath and SheridanRoad, North Chicago, Illinois, is Editorof Clinical Medicine and Surgery, attend­ing Internist at the American Hospital, and 227tor in Psychology and Education at theUniversity of Texas, Austin, Texas.'27-David Gustafson, A.M., is UnitedTypothetae of America Professor of Print­ing and Head of the Department of Print­ing at Carnegie Institute of Technology,Pittsburgh, Pa.'27-Angelina W. Jefferis, AM., isSupervisor of Student Teaching at theState Normal School, West Chester, Pa.'27-Madeline Maybauer, Ph.B., hasaccepted the position of First-Grade Criticat the Oberlin Training School, Oberlin,Ohio.'27-Gertrude Whipple, AM., Ph.B.'26, has moved to Los Angeles where sheholds the position of Supervisor in theElementary Grades of the Public Schools.RushLecturer for the Scientific Service Commit­tee of the Illinois State Medical Society.'03-Halvor C. Hanson practices Medi­cine at 2723 W. North Avenue, Chicago.'03-Charles E. Shawen, who practicesgeneral Medicine and Surgery at 510 Fidel­ity Building, Dayton, Ohio, is a member ofthe Staff of the Miami Valley Hospital.'04-L. H. Carpenter is located atGrundy Center, Iowa, practicing Medicineand Surgery.'o4-Carroll Smith is Professor of Sur­gery at St. Louis University, St. Louis,Missouri.'oy-s-Leda J. Stacy is a member of theStaff of the Mayo Clinic at Rochester,Minnesota. She heads the Section of Gyne­cology of one section of General Medicine., 1 I -Archibald A McLaurin, Pierre,South Dakota, specializes in Internal Medi­cine and X-ray."r z=-Kaerhe W. Dewey is research andclinical Pathologist at the College ofDentistry of the University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.'I4-Max M. Kulvin, 1209 East 53dStreet, Chicago, is studying at Budapestspecial Surgery of the eye, ear, nose andthroat. He writes that the Vienese are ex­ceedingly courteous and hospitable and228 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEconditions throughout the country areexcellent.'Is-Lawrence G. Dunlap specializes ineye, ear, nose and throat Surgery at Ana­conda, Montana.'I5-Walter H. O. Hoffmann, 'formerlyof 122 S. Michigan Avenue, Chicago, isnow located at 55 E. Washington Street,Chicago., I 6-Char les P. Engel is in generalpractice at Colton, California., I 7-Sarah R. Kelman, now located at1078 Madison Avenue, New York City,limits her practice to Mental and NervousDiseases., I 7-David J. Margolis practices Medi­cine at II26 Granville Avenue, Chicago.'I7-Roscoe H. Reeve, Casper, Wyo­ming, is Surgeon for the Standard OilCompany (Indiana) and the MidwestRefining Company.'17-C. A. Robins is associated in thepractice of Medicine and Surgery with D.E. Cornwall, M.D. '07,' at St. Maries,Idaho.'Ig-Seymour J. Cohen, 5222 HarperAvenue, Chicago, is an instructor inMedicine at the University of IllinoisSchool of Medicine, Chicago.'2o-Ciney Rich, formerly of Williams­burg, Iowa, is now located at Room 527,Standard Life Building, Decatur, Illinois,where he specializes In Surgery andDiagnosis.'z r-s-Chester C. Guy is Associate Sur­geon for the Illinois Central Railroad,Pathologist at St. Bernard's Hospital, andResident Physician at the Stevens Hotel,Chicago.'2I-Cleveland J. White, attendingDermatologist at the Buffalo City Hospital,Buffalo Gene�al Hospital, and LaFayetteGeneral Hospital, is located at 47 I Dela­ware Avenue, Buffalo, N ew York.'22-Alfred D. Biggs, formerly of BigBay, Michigan, is now located at 332 S.Austin Boulevard, Oak Park, Illinois. Heis a Clinical Assistant in Pediatrics at RushMedical College, and Resident In Pedia­trics at the Presbyterian Hospital, Chicago. '22-Francis J. Morris is on the Staffof the Golden State Hospital at LosAngeles, California.'23- Ray M. Bowles, who practicesUrology at 145 Henry Street, Brooklyn,N ew York, is doing postgraduate work atthe New York Hospital, New York City.'23-Darrel G. Clark, formerly of SantaBarbara, California, is in general practiceat Santa Paula, California.'23-Robert A. Coombs is associated inthe practice of Surgery with his fatherSylvan Coombs, M.D. 'o r, at 25 E. Wash-ington Street, Chicago._'23-Paul A. Quaintence is on the Staffof the Garden State Hospital at LosAngeles, California.'24-Ralph W. Gerard and his wifeMargaret Wilson Gerard, M.D. '24, hay;returned to Chicago, after two years Spentin study in Europe. Dr. Ralph Gerard isAssistant Professor of Physiology at theUniversity of Chicago.'24- J. Allan Weiss is located at 104 S.Michigan Avenue, Chicago, where he isspecializing in ear, nose and throat.'25-Hugh C. Graham is practicingPediatrics at 1235 S. Boulder, Tulsa,Oklahoma.'25-Glenway W. Nethercut, 5514Blackstone Avenue, is a member of theEye Service of the Billings MemorialHospital, University of Chicago, Chicago.'25-Samuel L. Perzik is a member ofthe Staff of the Golden State Hospital, atLos Angeles, California.'25-Louis P. River is associated withWilliam F. Scott, M.D. 'oz, in the practiceof Medicine and Surgery at 12+ WisconsinAvenue, Oak Park, Illinois.'26-Clayton F. Lundy practices 'at 1405-122 S. Michigan Avenue, Chicago,'26-Wa1ter H. Milbacher has an officefor the practice of Medicine and Surgery inthe Aurora National Bank Building,Aurora, Illinois.'27- Jessie M. Bierman .is practicingPediatrics at 26 Commonwealth Avenue,San Francisco, California.NEWS OF CLASSES AND ASSOCIATIONSAlderman John W. Chapman, '15, J.D.'17, who represents the Fortieth Ward inthe Chicago City Council, told of some ofhis council experiences at the luncheon ofthe Law School Association on December13, 1927, at the Morrison Hotel.Chapman has been in the Council onlynine months, and this is his first politicaloffice. He made the race without an or­ganization, but triumphed by the sheer per­suasive force of his personality. He there­fore has a sense of freedom. He feels noguiding tugs from strings pulled by hisward committeeman, nor is his ear attunedto a political master's voice. Withstandingpressure of many sorts from various sources,he has made himself felt in several councilcrises as a force on the side of right andhonesty (' 'honesty" is the word) -as a re­sult, when Chapman talks it means good 229Lawlistening. He may be heading for someslander and libel suits, he admits, but hefeels pretty secure in the strength of truthas a legal defense.The matter to which he devoted mostattention was .the recent purchase from thecity by Marshall Field & Company of thealley 'that runs through its building. Al­though a fair valuation of the strip, basedon values near by, is about $3,000,000.00,a committee of the real estate board turnedin an appraisal of about $496,000.00 TheChairman of that committee refused to signit, and Chapman calls it simply a "dishon­est report." The opposition seemed to havea large margin of votes to block the measurea few days before the vote was taken, butone by one they changed over, and the or­dinance passed with votes to spare.DivinityRalph W. Hobbs, D. B., '97, pastor ofFirst Baptist Church, Lansing, Michigan,celebrated the thirtieth anniversary of hisordination as a minister September 8th.J. E. Yates, D. B., '00, formerly stationedat Washington, D. C., has been assigned aschaplain with the rank of lieutenant colonelto Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia.Mark F. Sanborn, D.B., '09, a formerpresident of the Divinity School AlumniAssociation, is pastor of the First BaptistChurch, Detroit, Michigan, which cele­brated its one hundredth anniversary duringSeptember.Katsuo Takenaka, A. M., '24, has be­come social secretary of the National Chris­tian Council of Japan.Kwen Ih Tai, A. M., '24, Ph.D., '25,who was executive secretary for the LingTong Baptist Council of South China, diedsuddenly last summer. The Council wasthe first Baptist convention which was en­tirely under the control of native Chinese.Edwin E. Aubrey, A.M., '21, D.B., '22,Ph.D., '26, has been promoted to theWeyerhamser Chair of Biblical Literatureat Vassar College as full professor. He re- cently completed a survey of the chapel andChristian Association at Vassar. Mrs.Aubrey (Gladys Topping, A.M., '22) ispresident of the Poughkeppsie branch ofthe American Association of UniversityWomen and is chairman of the Baptist Col­lege Counsellors for N ew York State.Hedley S. Dimock, A.M., '25, D.B., '26,Ph.D., '26 has been appointed Professorof Psychology and Religious Educationand Assistant in Research at the Y. M. C.A. College, Chicago.Reuben E. E. Harkness, A.M., , 15,D.B., '17, Ph. D., '27, has been appointedProfessor of Church History at CrozerTheological Seminary.Azuba Ruth Seaver, A.M., '27, has ac­cepted a position as director of girls' workin the Bif(� Memorial Church and SouthChicago Christian Center.Waiter S. Ryder, formerly pastor ofthe Baptist Church at Oshkosh, Wisconsin,has accepted a professorship in MacalesterCollege, St. Paul.Robert A. MacMullen, pastor of theGrace Baptist Church, Milwaukee, hasbeen elected president of the Baptist CityUnion of Milwaukee.Doctors of PhilosophyIN PHYSIOLOGYSamuel Steen Maxwell, '96, has retiredas Professor and Chairman of the Depart­ment of Physiology at the University ofCalifornia.Arno Benedict Luckhardt, 'I I, recentlyreceived a scroll acknowledging his servicesin the introduction of ethylene anesthesiafrom the International Anesthesia ResearchAssociation, meeting in Washington, D. C.George Emanuel Burget, , I 7, Professorof Physiology in the University of Oregon,has been on leave of absence for a year do­ing research in the U niversity of Chicago.He has recently made noteworthy contri­butions to the physiology of the gall blad­der mechanism.Maurice Holmes Rees, '17, Professorand Chairman of the Department of Physi­ology in the University of Colorado, hasbeen made Dean of the Medical School inthat University.Abbot Academy1828 1928For a Century one of New England'sleading Schools for GirlsNational PatronageAdvanced Courses for High School grad­uates. College Preparation. Exceptionalopportunities in Art and Music. OutdoorSports.Address:Bertha Bailey, PrincipalAndover, MassachusettsAsNear As YourMailbox!WOODWORTHSThe Mail OrderBOOK STORE1311E. 57th St. NEARKIMBARK AVE. Andrew Conway Ivy, '18, was recentlyinstalled as the Nathan S. Davis Professorof Physiology, Northwestern University.Dr. Ivy has published noteworthy contri­butions to the physiology of the stomachand intestines in the last five years.Lester Reynold Dragstedt, '20, Associ­ate Professor of Surgery in the University,has returned from a year's study and in­vestigation in Europe to resume his dutieswith the opening of the University Clinicson the Midway.Ralph Waldo Gerard, '21, has been forthe last two years on a National ResearchCouncil Fellowship in Physiology study­ing in London and Berlin. He has recentlypublished important contributions to theproblem of heat production in active nerv­ous tissue. Gerard has just returned tothe University as Assistant Professor in theDepartment of Physiology.George Addison Talbert, '21, Professorof Physiology in the University of NorthDakota, has published a series of note­worthy researches on the physiology 'ofsweat and sweat secretion in consequenceof which his department has recently re­ceived aid from the American Medical As­sociation for prosecution of this work.Margarete Meta Kunde, '23, for the lasttwo years Research Associate in Physiologyon the Douglas Smith Research Founda­tion, has transferred to the Department ofMedicine in the Graduate School of Scienceand has charge of the Metabolism Clinicin the Department of Medicine.]. Frank Pearcy, '24, has resigned asAssistant Professor of Physiology in theUniversity of West Virginia and enteredas interne in the University Clinic.George E. Wakerlin, '26, is studyingmedicine at Rush Medical College and atthe same time carrying on an investigationon the trypanocidal action of new drugs.This work is aided by a grant from theHille Laboratories.NEWS OF CLASSES AND ASSOCIATIONSHsi Chun Chang, '26, has accepted aninstructorship in the Department of Physi­ology in the Peking Union Medical School,Peking, China.Walter Lincoln Palmer, '26, is at presentstudying in Vienna and Munich. On re­turning to this country from Europe Dr.Palmer enters the Department of Medicineat the University.Erma Anita Smith, '26, is Assistant Pro­fessor of Physiology in the State College ofIowa, Ames, Iowa.MARRIAGESENGAGEMENTSBIRTHSDEATHSMARRIAGESMrs. Frances Fenton Bernard, Ph.D.,'10, to Edwin A. Park, January 12, 1925.Florence E. Williams, '16, A.M. '22, toG. H. Nicholas, June 27, 1927. At home,1150 S. Ninth Street, Richmond, Indiana.William S. Boal, ex 'IS, to Lucile C.Burrows, December 3, 1927. At home,1263 Pratt Boulevard, Chicago.Olive E. Gower, 'IS, to John L. Hund­ley, Ph.D. '27, September 15, 1927. Athome, 464 Pine Street, New Orleans, La.Marie E. Smith, 'IS, to Carl L. Cue,June 30, 1927. At home, Frankfort,Indiana.Eleanor J. Atkins, '20, to Samuel H.Williston, ex '19, September 7, 1927. Athome, 3720 Rawlins Ave., Dallas, Texas.James M. Nicely, '20, to Katharine H.Terry, September 17, 1927. At home,N ew York City.Olive M. Dobbyn, '22, to Harry E.Miller, June 29, 1927. At home, EliteApartments, Pelissier Street, Windsor,Ontario, Canada.Grace E. Steger, '22, to HaHY N.Clarren, October 26, 1927. At home,Steger, Illinois.Robert E. Evans, '23, to Frances M.Twells, '26, August 6, 1927. At home,1037 Main Street, Stevens Point, Wiscon­sin. HEW "tORI(. EST 1859 CHICAGOEverythinginLeather GoodsGifts of Luggage or Leatherare always appreciated for inmost cases they last a life time�"I have had notice of my appoint-ment at 0 University and haveaccepted. You may rest assured Ishall endeavor to merit all you havesaid in my favor. If I need good serv­ice again, I know where to get it."The man who wrote the above re­ceived his Ph. D. in 1926. Throughother means he accepted a minorposition. It remained for The Al­bert Teachers' Agency to secure forhim his real job in 1927.Hundreds of University of Chi­cago graduates and graduate stu­dents have been equally fortunate.They. are in Colleges, Normal ISchools, City and Suburban Schools,Private Schools-e-everywhere. Weinvite correspondence or a call.Forty Third Year.The Albert Teachers' Agency25 E. Jackson Blvd., Chicago535 Fifth Avenue, New York CityTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINESupplying thesmaller townsFIFTY YEARS AGO the localbutcher provided fresh meat andoften peddled it through thestreets of the village from acovered wagon.The quality was uncertain andthe manner of marketing it hard­ly sanitary. Yet it was the bestmeat to be had in the smallertowns at that time.Today Swift & Company sup­plies retail merchants in thou­sands of small towns with directrefrigerator car shipments ofmeat and other products.There is hardly a railroadtown in the United States thatcannot have meats and otherperishable products, of a qualityas fine and in variety as great, asthose enjoyed by consumers inthe large cities.By its direct car route systemof delivery Swift & Companyhas made the whole nation themarket, for the live-stock raiser'sproducts and for other productsof the farm-eggs, butter, cheeseand poultry which are brandedBrookfield.The volume of small townbusiness added by this econom­ical method of distribution hasalso tended to reduce overheadand narrow the spread betweenthe price of livestock and meat.Swift & CompanyOwned by more than 47,000 shareholders Dorothy Judd, ex '24, to Robert Sickels,August 26, 1927. At home, Freeport Hall,West Merrick Road, Freeport, LongIsland, New York.Edith J. Owen, '24, to James H. Patton,September 24, 1927. At home, Spring­field, Illinois.Margaret Jean Rose, '24, to Alford D.Depew, August 1927. At home, 703 S.Rembrandt Avenue, Royal Oak, Michigan.Blanch Wold, '24, to Hilmer M. Matt­son, August 17, 1927. At home, Vesta,Minnesota.Amelia D. Cowen, '25, to James \V.Shaw, M.D. '26, October I, 1927. Athome, Mulvane, Kansas.Margaret L. Fisher, '25, to Earl 'V.Johnson, '25, October 8, 1927. At home,852 East 82d Street, Chicago.John Henry Province, LL.B '25, toHelen M. Tanner, '27, October I, 1927.At home, 561 I Kenwood Avenue, Chicago.Mary R. Sleezer, '25, to George H.White, September 10, 1927. At home7 I 8 Stow Street, Kent, Ohio. 'Gertrude M. Blanck, '26, to George P.Eckaros, August 6, 1927. At home, 4827Addison Street, Chicago.Katherine Meyer, '26, to Arthur Droeg-emuller, '26, November 19, 1927. Athome, Chicago, Illinois.Eleanor Howard, A.lVL '26, to ThomasB. Coulter, December 24, 1927. At home,1346 S Norfolk Street, Tulsa, Oklahoma.Ruby C. Slaughter, '26, to James. 1\1.McCallister, September 6, 1927. At home,5526 Ellis Avenue, Chicago.Isabel E. Williams, 'z6, to Arthur 'Y.Holt, August 27, 1927. At home, 4-P7Second Boulevard, C.22, Sheridan Court.Detroit, Michigan.Gerald N. Beach, '27, to Louise Landol£,August 23, 1927. At home, DesPlaines,Illinois.Eleanor Hughes, '27, to Arthur Rehm,August 19, 1927. At home, 423 E. TenthStreet, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.Morris E. Wilson, A.M. '28, to IsabelleAlexander, December 23, 1927. At horne,Columbus, Ohio.MARRIAGES, ENGAGEMENTS, BIRTHS, DEATHSENGAGEMENTSAnnemarie Weeks, ex '19, to WilmotA. Beavers.Earl Meyer, '22, to Hazel M. Wolff.Walter H. Milbacher, '23, M.D. '26,to Mary Jane Benson.Ellen LeCount, '25, to C. MuellerKoeper, '25, J.D. '27·BIRTHSTo Paul R. Gray, '07, and Mrs. Gray,twin daughters, Janice and Jacqueline,October 25, 1927, at Whittier, California.To Paul R. Anderson, '17, and Mr·s.Anderson (Lorena Luehr) '15, a daughterElsa Jane, July 24, 1927, at Chicago.To Reveley H. B. Smith, ex '17, andMrs. Smith (Ruth Mallory) '20, a son,Reveley Herbert Buller, Jr., September 27,1927, at Albany, New York.To James L. McCartney, '21, M.D. '23,and Mrs. McCartney, a daughter, HeleriKissack, October 7, 1927, at Baltimore,Maryland.To Emil F. Bohne, '23, and Mrs. Bohne,a daughter, Virginia Helen, September 8,1927, at Chicago.To Mr. and Mrs. Ezra P. Rounds(Melvina E. Scoville) '23, a son, JohnScoville, September 8, 1927, at Boston,Massachusetts.To Amos Alonzo Stagg, Jr., '23, andMrs. Stagg (Arvilla Meyer), ex '22, a son,Amos Alonzo III, October 31, 1927, atChicago.To Ralph W. Gerard, M.D. '24, andMrs. Margaret Wilson Gerard, M.D. '24,a son, Harvey Wilson, December 29, 1927,at Chicago.To Mr. and Mrs. Cecil J. Ross (LucyE. Baker), '25, a son, Cecil John, Jr.,December 29, 1927, at Portland, Oregon.To Mr. and Mrs. Mason M. Phelps(Margaret P. Miller), '26, a son, MasonMiller, June 30, 1927, at Brookfield,Massachusetts.DEATHSIsaac S. Bigelow, M.D. '81, of cerebralhemorrhage at Dubuque, Iowa, December11,1927. TheFACULTYProblemTHE most important angleof this problem is pay. Ifthe college teacher mustmake less money than his equalin business. how is he to provideadequately for his years of retire­ment? And for his family inca�e of death or disability?The Massachusetts Instituteof Technology has recently takenan interesting step in regard tothese questions.In addition to the retirementfeatures. the Tech plan providesfor a death and disability benefit.I t is a special application ofGroup Insurance as written bythe John Hancock.Alumni. Faculties. Secretaries.Deans, Trustees - all those whohave felt the pressure of thefaculty problem - will be inter­ested to know more about this.We shall be glad to furnishany information desired withoutany obligation. Write to In­quiry Bureau.Sixty-Four years in businessInsurance in force, $2,500,000,000Safe and Secure in every wayExcellent openings for ambitiousmen and women of goodcharacter and ability 233THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE234Paul H. Davis, 'II Herbert I. Markham, Ex. '06Ralph W. Davis, '16 Walter M. Giblin, '23MEMBERSNEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGECHICAGO STOCK EXCHANGE37 South LaSalle StreetTelephone Rand. 6280CHICAGOTHE YATES - FISHERTEACHERS' AGENCYEstablished I906PAUL YATES, Manager616-620 SOUTH MICHIGAN AVENUECHICAGOOther Office; 9II-I2 Broadway BuildingPortland, OregonMOSERSHORTHAND COLLEGEA business school of distinctionSpecial Three Months' IntensiveCourse for university graduatesor undergraduates givenquarterlyBulletin on RequestPAUL MOSER,]. D., Ph. B.116 S: Michigan Ave. ChicagoUNIVERSITYC·O L LEGEThe downtown department of THE UNiVER­SITY OF CHICAGO, 116 S. Michigan Avenue,wishes the Alumni of the University andtheir friends to know that it offers.Evening, Late Afternoon and Saturday ClassesTwo-Hour Sessions Once or Twice a WeekCourses Credited Toward University DegreesCourses also offered in the evening on theUniversity Quadrangles.Spring Quarter begins April 2Registration Period, March 17 to 31, 1928For Circular of Information AddressThe Dean, University College,University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill.. Eben C. Sage, D.B. '82, October 5,1927, at New York City.Joseph Z. Bergeron, M.D. '89, Decem­ber 20, 1927, at Chicago, where he hasbeen in practice since 1889.Mrs. Katherine Hancock Goode, ex '00,January 13, 1928, at Chicago. At the timeof her death, Mrs. Goode was serving hersecond term in the Illinois legislature.Marcia E. Warrant, '00, at BattleCreek, Michigan, November 17, 1927.Arthur C. Johnson, M.D. '01, in anautomobile accident in Detroit, Michigan,October 5, 1927. Dr. Johnson was attend­ing the American College of Surgeons atthe time of his death.Cleo Hearon, '03, Ph.M. '09, Ph.D. '14,January I I, 1928, in Chicago. l\1:issHearon was Head of the Department ofHistory at Agnes Scott College, Decatur,Georgia.Frances G. Davenport, Ph.D. '04, atWashington, D. C., November II; 1927.Harry F. Burns, D.B. '05, December31, 1927, at Cambridge, Massachusetts.Mr. Burns was for five years pastor of theFirst Parish in Dorchester Meeting HouseHill.Alice G. Pomeroy, '05, at Kalamazoo,Michigan, October 9, 1927.Francelia Colby, '06, December 14,1927, at Chicago. Miss Colby was ateacher in the Chicago Public Schools forthirty-four years, and was very active inthe Alumni drive of the Development Cam­paign for the University of Chicago.'Edwin H. Lyle, A.M. '09, D.H. '10, atDetroit, Michigan, October 24, 1927.Mrs. Julia C. Hallam, A.M. '10,August 10, 1927, at Chicago.Alice Palmer Kasson, A.M. '12, ofpneumonia, January 9, 1928, at Chica.go.Jay T. Border, '14, J.D. '16, at Chicago,November 15, 1927.Harry J. Flood, Jr., '16, of pneumonia,at Chicago, December 29, 1927. Mr.Flood, who was an official of MontgomeryWard & Company, played fullback on theUniversity of Chicago football team in1913-14-15.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 235Jlje NATION'S BUILDING STONEEducation Building, University of Illinois, Urbana. Holabird & Roche, Architects.Built of Indiana Limestone from quarries of this CompanyThe Accepted Building Materialfor CollegesINDIANA LIMESTONE is so desir ..able a building material that it hasbecome the standard exterior stone forthe country's great public buildings,memorials, churches, and commercialstructures, as well as for collegiatebuildings. Over 65 % of all the finishedbuilding stone used in the United Statesis Indiana Limestone.The extent and central location ofthis Company's quarries make it pos ..sible for us to deliver Indiana Limestoneanywhere at prices that will compare favorably with the cost of local stone oreven with the cost of substitutes.Fine examples of collegiate architec ..ture in Indiana Limestone are shown ina brochure which we will gladly sendyou free. This booklet may serve towiden your acquaintance with collegebuildings and to help you follow yourinstitution's building program more in ..telligently.For convenience, fill in your name andaddress below, tear out and mail to Box819, Service Bureau, Indiana LimestoneCompany, Bedford, Indiana.Name Address .THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEBOOKSNew and Second-HandAnythingUnder the SunYou May Wantin the Shape ofa BookWe Have ItorCan Get ItorWill Try Hardat theU. of C. Bookstore5802 Ellis Ave.TEACHER PLACEMENTSERVICEFISK TEACHERS' AGENCY28 E. Jackson Blvd., Chicago.For many years a leader among teachers'agencies. Our service is nation wide.AMERICAN COLLEGE BUREAU77 W. Washlngton St., Chicago.A professional teacher placement bureau,limiting its field to colleges and univer­sities.EDUCATION SERVICE811-823 Steger Bldg., Chicago.A bureau chiefly concerned with theplacement of administrative officials,such as financial secretaries, businessmanagers, treasurers, registrars. directorsof Red Cross work, etc ..The above organizations are under the man­agement of C. E. Goodell, for nine yearspresident of Franklin College, Ind., andMrs. Bertha Smith Goodell, for thirteen yearssupervisor and t�acher of English in the HighSchool of Oak Park, Ill. Jenny Helen SnowJENNY HELEN SNOW, Directorof Household Arts in the Chicago Pub­lic Schools, died on October 2, at her sum­mer home, near Frankfort, l\1ichigan.Services for her were fittingly held in BondChapel at the University of Chicago, sincefor so many years she was a member of theUniversity faculty.Miss Snow was born in Aurora, Illinoisin 1870, graduated from the Aurora N or­mal school in 1890, and for several yearstaught in the Public Schools of Aurora. In1900 her interest in progressive educationled her to the Chicago Institute, the schoolestablished by Mrs. Emmons Blaine to carryout Colonel Parker's ideas, and she fol­lowed the school to the South Side when itwas taken over by the University of Chi­cago. After graduating from the two yearnormal course of the School of Educationshe taught for a time at the Francis \v.Parker School, and then returned to theUniversity, first as assistant, then as instruc­tor in Home Economics in the School ofEducation, teaching most acceptably in theelementary and high schools, and in thecollege. During the ten years she was thereshe was constantly studying, taking in suc­cession the degrees of Bachelor of Educa­tion, Bachelor of Science, and l\1aster ofScience, the latter in 1907.In 1913 Miss Snow was called by Mr.Owen, with whom she had been associatedat the University High School, to takecharge of the Household Arts at the Chi­cago Normal College-a position that gaveher the opportunity to train teachers whowere to enter the public schools of Chicago.At the close of four years of successful workthere, she accepted the position of Super­visor of Household Arts in the ChicagoPublic Schools, having charge of the highschool as well as elementary teachers, nowmore than three hundred in number. Thisposition she held until the time of herdeath."Get the th h 'message rongAn Advertisement of theAmerican Telephone and Telegraph CompanyIN THE Sixties the "pony express"carried the mail over mountainand Indian wildernesses from St.Joseph, Missouri, to San Francisco. Theexpress riders and station keepers wonundying fame for getting the messagethrough, regardless of hardship ordanger.Today, in the city of Denver, there isrising on the si te of one of the old ponyexpress corrals another splendid struc­ture dedicated to the service of modernmessage-bearing-the new headquartersbuilding of one of the companies of theBell System. In fact and in spirit, the Bell System is the lineal descen­dant o"f the pony express.I t is this spiri t of responsi bili tythat causes operators to risk their livesby remaining at their switchboards inthe face of £re, flood or other greatdanger. The same spiri t calls linemenor repairmen to go out, even at the riskof their lives, to repair the lines in timeof accident or storm.There are no instructions requiringBell System employees to endangertheir lives. It is the spirit of communi­cation that bids them, "Get the messagethrough.""Submarine sighted-position 45"Battle planes leap into action-springingfrom a 2Y2-acre deck-sure of a landingplace on their return, though a thousandmiles from shore. combined, 180,000. horsepower to thepropellers-enough to drive the ship at 39miles an hour-enough to furnish �ight andpower for a city of half a million ,people.This marvel of national de­fence was accomplished-andduplicated-when the airplanecarrier, U.S.S. Saratoga, andher sister ship, u.S.S.· Lexing­ton, were completely electrified.In each, four General Electricturbine-generators deliver, •The General ElectricCompany has developedpowerful marine equip­ment, as well as electricapparatus for every pur­pose of public advantageand personal service. Itsproducts are identifiedby the initials G-E. . And in the familiar occupa­tions of daily life, electricity isworking wonders just as great-improving industrial pro�duction, lifting the burden oflabor, speeding transportation,and multiplying the comfortsof home.GENERAL ELECTRIC6-14E.