•10rnfucfsflq of ((ggo.........._{J QJfnrVOL. XX NUMBER 2DECEMBER,1927A LONE EXPLORER IN THE NORTHARE WE BUILDING A LANGUAGE OUT OF SLANG?DEAN BOUCHER ON CHICAGO'S UNDERGRADUATE WORKBOOKST V. Smith on EqualityThe Grandmothers Roosevelt and PanamaPresi ent Burton on Ch::-istianityFOOTBALL, By COACH CRISLERBY THE ALU!V£NI COUNCIl.- -The Ten Princescr,ran�lated fro� the 'San;kritBy ARTHUR W. RYDERHow to live wisely and well was an art wellunderstood by the gay and' sophisticatedfolk of seventh-century India. This adven­turesome, exotic tale about them is undi­luted entertainment. $2.00More Contempo­rary AmericansBy PERCY HOLMES BOYNTONAmid the prevailing gloomypreoccupation with AmericancuI ture Mr. Boyn ton choosesto say a word in its defense.His more optimistic interpre­tation of the current situationis based on sound, discrimi­nating judgment. $2-50 -- -- "-The Old TestamentAn American TranslationBy J. M. P. SMITH, THEOPHILE ]. MEEK,LEROY WATERMAN, ANDALEX R. GORDONIf you have never read the Bible, or if youhave-no matter how many times-thisfresh translation will bring it to you with newmeaning and emphasis.Cloth $7-50. Leather $IO.OONew EssaysBy Oliver GoldsmithEdited by RONALD S. CRANEA new Goldsmi th first edi tion.Here are eighteen previouslyunidentified essays-the larg­est single addition to the can­on of Goldsmith essays thathas been made since I798.$3·00JesusA New BiographyBy SHIRLEY JACKSON CASENot "blasphemous" or "silly" but the moststraightforward, stimulating account sinceRenan of the real Jesus of history. $3.00Chinese PaintingBy JOHN C. FERGUSON, With a full appreciation of the Chinese pointof view Mr. Ferguson interprets for a mod­ern, qccmen tal. world the paintings of anancient, oriental civilization. Beautifullyillustrated with fifty-seven plates in collo­type. .$I2,JO Playsfor Three PlayersBy CHARLES RANN KENNEDYEach of these three plays is an idea drama­tized. "The Chastening," "The Admiral,"and "The Salutation" are fine and originaladdi tions to the drama as it is heard or read.$2050The Nature of theWorld and of ManCritics have united in calling this one of thefinest and most engrossing popularizations'of current science in existence. It is a clear,connected, reasonable explanation ofall thephysical world and man's place in it. $5.00TH'E UNIVE,RSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS.. .. -- -- - ....- -,�THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 6SAn organization of a 1m o s tfifty people, with specialists in all branches of advertisingMember: American Association of AdvertisIng Agencies & National Outdoor Advertising BureauVANDERHOOF& COMPANY GCl!eralcfldverlisingVANDERHOOF BUILDING' • � 167 E.ONTARlO ST •• CHICAGO�� .HENRY D. SULCER, '0;, PresidentAnd now --like others of equal promi­nence, the world's largest PianoManufacturers bring their advertisingaccount to merchandising headquartersGULBRANSEN'PianosTrade Mark Reg.66ROOSEVELTNew York, N. YWILLARDWashlOgton, D. C.OORONADOSt. lOUIS, Mo.OAKLANDOaklan.d.Caltf.WOLFORDDacvrlle, III.NEll HOUS'EColumbus, 0CLAREMONTBerkeley. Cahf.URBA'NA·L1NOOLNUrbana, IIISCHENLEYPlrrsburgh, PlL THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEM.OUNT ROYALMontreal, Can. RAiDISSONMmneapohs, Minn. SENECARochester, N. Y. BLACKSTONECluc.rgc. ((I.These hotels, are your hotelsSpecial features are prov,ided for our AlumniOur alumni are urged to use Intercollegiate Alumni Hotelswhen travelling; and when arranging for luncheons, ban­quets and get-togethers of various sorts.You will find at each Intercollegiate Alumni Hotel anindex of the resident Afumni of the participating colleges.Think what this means when you are in a strange cityand wish to look up a classmate or friend.You will find at these hotels a current copy of yourAlumni publication.You will also find a spirit of co-operation and a keendesire to see you comfortably housed and adequately pro­vided for -. Reservations may be made from one Intercol­legiate Alumni Hotel to another as a convenience to you.Intercollegiate Alumni Hotels are a new and vital forcein assisting your Alumni Secretary. He urges you to sup­port them whenever and wherever possible. He will be gladto supply you with an introduction card to the managersof all Intercollegiate Alumni Hotels, if you so request.THE PARTICIPATING COLLEGESThe alumni organizations of the following colleges and universities are participantsin the Intercollegiate Alumni Hotel movement:AkronAlabamaAmherstAntiochBatesBeloitBowdoinBrownBryn MawrBucknellBuffaloCaliforniaCarnegie InstituteCase SchoolChicagoCollege of theCity of New YorkColgateColoradoSchool MinesCALIFORNLANFresno, Cah{. ColoradoColumbiaCornellCumberlandEmoryElrruraGeorgiaGeorgetown CollegeGoucherHarvardIllinoisIndianaIowa State CollegeKansasTeachers' ColtKansasLake EneLafayetteLehighLOUisiana5A'JNT PAULSr. Paul, MInn. MaineM.1. T.Michigan StateMichiganMillsMinnesotaMissounMonranaMount HolyokeNebraskaNew York UniversityNorth CarolmaNorth DakotaNorthwesternOberlinOccidentalOhio StateOhIO WesleyanOklahomaOregonMULTNOMA'HPord<l,nd. Ore. Oregon StatePenn StatePennsylvaniaPrincetonPurdueRadcltfTeRollinSRutgersSmithSouth DakotaSouthern CaliforniaStanfordStevens InstituteTexas A. and M.TexasTulaneUnionVanderbilrVassarVermont VirginiaVirginiaPolytechnic InstituteWashington and LeeWashington StateWashington (Seattle)Washington (St. Louis)WellesleyWesleyan CollegeWesleyan UniverSityWestern ReserveWhitmanWIlliamsWinthropWisconsinWmenbergWoosterWorcesterPolytechnic InstituteYalePALACESan FrancLSCO. C�Ii�.ST JAMESSan Diego, Calif, WALDORF. ASTORIANew York. N. Y THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEONONDAGASyracuse, N. Y WOLVERINEDetroit. Mich. BENJAMIN FRANKLI�Philadelphia., Pa.Intercollegiate Alumni HotelsEvery-Dot Marks an Intercollegiate Alumni HotelBaltimore, Md., SouthernBerkeley, Cal., ClaremontBethlehem, Pa., BethlehemBirmingham, Ala., BankheadBosron, Mass., Copley-PlazaChicago, Ill., BlackstoneChicago, Ill., WindermereCincinnati, Ohio, SintonColumbus. Oluo, Neil HouseDanville, Ill., WolfordDetroit, Mich., WolverineFresno, Cal., CalifornianKansas City, Mo., Muehlebach Lincoln, Nebr., LincolnLos Angeles, Calif., BurrnoreMadison, Wis., ParkMinneapolis, Minn., RadissonMontreal, Canada, Mount RoyalNew Orleans, La., MonteleoneNew York, N. Y., RooseveltNew York, N. Y., Waldorf-AstonaNorthampton, Mass., Northomptor:Oakland, Cal., OaklandPeoria, Ill., Pere MarquettePhiladelphia, Pa., Benjamin FranklinPittsburgh, Pa., Schenley Portland, Ore., MultonomahRochester, N. Y., SenecaSacramento, Cal., SacramentoSt. Louis, Mo., CoronadoSc. Paul, Minn., Saint PaulSan Diego, Cal., St. JamesSan Francisco, Cal., PalaceSeattle, Wash., OlympICSyracuse, N. Y., OnondagaToronto, Canada, Kmg.EdwardUrbana, Ill., Urbana-LincolnWashington, D. C, WtllardWilliam�port, Pa., LycomingThe Intercollegiate Alumni Hotel movement is sponsored by the Alumni Secretariesand Editors of the participating colleges and directed byINTERCOLLEGIATE ALUMNI EXTENSION SERVICE, 18 E.41stSt., NewYork,N.Y.D1RECTORSJ. O. BAXENDALk:Alumm SecrecaryUmvemty of Vermont L MORRILLAlumnI SecretaryOhIO Scate Um<ermyA. C. BUSCHAlumm Secretary�utge-rs College .R. W. HARWOODHarvard Alumm Bulletin/1arllard UnlVe-rsit�E. N. SULLIVANAlumni SecretaryPenn Scate CollegekiNG EDWARDToronto, Can BANKHEAD'61U�an�ham. Ala. STEPHEN K LITTLEPnnceton Alumni WeeklyPrinceton Umvcmty W. B. SHAWAlumni Secret"ryUmvers.lty of MichiganJOHN D. McKEEWooster Alumni BulletinWooster College W R. OKESONTreasurer ofLehigh UniverSIty ROBERT SIBLEYAlumm SecretaryUmvermy of CalLfoTTliaHELEN F. McMILLINWellesley Alumnae MagazineWellesley College FLORENCE H. SNOWAlum'lae SecretarySmith CollegeR W. SAILORCornell Aiamru NewsCarnell Umt'ermyLEVERING TYSON E. T. T WILLIAMSBrown U""'erSICyBETHLEHEMBethlehem, Pa MONTELEONENew Orleans, La SOUTHERNBainmore .. Md.LYCOMINGWiII:amsport, Pa. 67MUcHl.EBACHK.in'),11'o Cay. Mo.BILTMORELos Angeles, Calif.COPLEY· PLAZABoston, Mass.LINCOLNLincoln. Neb.WINDERMEREChicago. Ill.OLYMPICSeattle. Wash,SACRAMENTOSacramento, Calif.PARKMadison, WI�.NORTHAMPTOr-..Northampton, MaS&.ALUMNI COUNCIL OFUNIVERSITY OFCHICAGOTHETHEChairman, HERBERT P. ZIMMERMANN, '01Acting Secretary, ALLEN HEALD, '26The Council for 1927-28 is composed of the following Delegates:FROM THE COLLEGE ALUMNI ASSOc-IATIONS, Term expires 1928: John P. Mentzer, '98;Clarence W. Sills, ex-toy ; Hugo M. Friend, '06, J. D. '08; Harold H., Swift, '07;Mrs. Phyllis Fay Horton, 'IS; Mrs. Barbara Miller Simpson, '18; Term expires1929: Elizabeth Faulkner, '85; Harry N. Gottlieb, '00; Herbert P. Zimmermann,'01; Paul H. Davis, "r r ; William H. Kuh, 'II; Mrs. Marguerite H. Macfraniel,'17; Term expires 1930: Grace A. Coulter, '99; Frank McNair, '03; Earl D.Hostetter, '07, J. D. '09; Mrs. Margaret Haas Richards, 'II; William H. Lyman,'14, Arthur Cody, '24.FROM THE ASSOCIATION OF DOCTORS OF PHILOSOPHY, Henry G. Gale, '96, Ph.D. '99; B.L. Ullman, '13, Ph.D. '08; Herbert E. Slaught, Ph.D. '98; John F. Norton, Ph.D.'II; D. J. Fisher, Ph.D. '22.FROM THE DIVINITY ALUMNI ASSOCIATION, Charles T. Holman, D. ·B. '16; Orvis F.Jordan, D. B. '13; Edgar J. Goodspeed, D. B. '97, Ph.D. '98. .FROM THE LAW SCHOOL ALUMNI ASSOCIATION, John W. Chapman, 'IS, J. D. '17;William J. Matthews, J. D. '08; Charles F. McElroy, A. M. '06, J. D. 'IS.FROM THE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION ALUMNI ASSOCIATION, R. L. Lyman, Ph.D. '17; W.C. Reavis, A. M. 'II, Ph.D. '25; Logan M. Anderson, A. M. '23.FROM THE COMMERCE AND ADMINISTRATION ALUMNI ASSOCIATION, Frank H. Anderson,'22; Donald P. Bean, '17; John A. Logan, '21.FROM THE RUSH MEDICAL COLLEGE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION, Frederick B. Moorehead,M. D. '06; George H. Coleman, 'II, M. D. '13; Ralph C. Brown, '01, M. D. '03.FROM THE CHICAGO ALUMNI CLUB, Roderick MacPherson, ex-t r o ; Harry R. Swanson,'17; Sam A. Rothermel, '17.FROM THE CHICAGO ALUMNAE CLUB, Mrs. Nena Wilson Badenoch, '12; Suzanne Fisher,'14; Helen Canfield Wells, '24.FR!OM THE UNIVERSITY, David H. Stevens, Ph. D. "14.Alumni Associations Represented in the Alumni CouncilTHE COLLEGE ALUMNI ASSOCIATIONS: Pres- SCHOOL OF EDUCATION ALUMNI ASSOCIA-ide nt, Herbert P. Zimmermann, '01, 73 I TION: President, R. L. Lyman, Ph.D.,Plymouth Ct., Chicago; Secretary, Allen '17, University of Chicago; Secretary,Heald, '26, University of Chicago. Mrs. R. W. Bixler, A. M. '25, Uni-ASSOCIATION OF DOCTORS OF PHILOSOPHY: versity of Chicago.President, Henry Gale, '96. Ph.D. '99,University of Chicago; Secretary, Her­bert E. Slaught, Ph.D. 'q8, Universityof Chicago.DIVINITY ALUMNI ASSOCIATION: President,J. W. Hoag, D. B., '04, 24 Winder,'Detroit, Mich; Secretary, R. B. David­son, D. B. '97, 508 Kellogg Ave., Ames,Iowa. 'LAW SCHOOL ASSOCIATION: President, Wil­liam J. Matthews, J. D., '08, 29 So.LaSalle St., Chicago; Secretary, Char­les F. McElroy, A. M., '06, J. D., 'IS,1609 Westminster Bldg., Chicago. COMMERCE AND ADMINISTRATION ALUMNIASSOCIATION: President, Frank H.Anderson, '22, Hamilton Bond & Mtge.Co., 7 So. Dearborn St., Chicago;Secretary, Hortense Friedman, '22, 230So. Clark St., Chicago.RUSH MEDICAL COLLEGE ALUMNI Asso-CIATION: President, Dallas B. Phemister,'17 M. D., '04, 950 E. 59th St. Chicago;Secretary, Charles A. Parker, M.· D.,'91, 7 W. Madison St., Chicago.All communications should be sent to the Secretary of the proper Association or to the AlumniCouncil, Faculty Exchange, University of Chicago. The dues for membership in anyone of theAssociations named above, including subscription to The University of Chicago Magazine, are $2.00per year. A holder of two or more degrees from the University of Chicago may be a memberof more than one Association; in such instances the dues are divided and shared equally by the As­sociations involved.68IN TH I�IC/JLLCScattered in a great semicircle from H ud­son Bay to the Rockies, and down theRockies to Arizona, live the few survivingtribes of the Athabascan family of Indians.Anthropologists are e-specially eager to studythe fast-disappearing language and customsof this ancient people. Professor EdwardSapir, for example, has spent considerabletime among the H upas, an Athabascantribe in California; his article in our lastissue described some of his experiences.CORNELIUS OSGOOD, '26, set out lastsummer to study certain Athabascan tribesin the far North. Without companionsand without maps-for maps describe thatcountry very vaguely-he paddled twelvehundred miles on rivers where rapids arefrequent and terrible; he encountered manysorts of enemies, from bears to mosquitoes;he was banqueted at trading posts where astranger from the land of white men is anovelty.Osgood conducts us, in this issue, throughtwo typical days in the far North, "a badday" and "a good one."Professor W. A. CRAIGIE, who cameto the University from Oxford in 1925 totake charge of the preparation of the firstdictionary of American English, has noticed� remarkable "impulse to invent new wordsand phrases." "To find any parallel to it,"he says, "we must go back to the 'spaciousdays of great Elizabeth.'" He contributesan article about this habit as it appears inAmerica."The ordinary method of collecting dic­tionary material," Mr. Craigie writes, "isa simple matter, and requires no previoustraining in language work; the chief pointsto be observed soon become familiar by ex­perience. It consists in writing out or typ­ing, on separate slips of paper, such passagesfrom selected works as contain either un­usual words and constructions, or good ex­amples of the use of common words andphrases." Chicago has graduate schools, and is oneof the country's three leaders in research.Chicago also has undergraduate colleges,and is devoting great care to the improve­ment of their work. Lest this latter factbe forgotten, we reprint in this issue DeanBOUCHER'S report to The UniversityRecord on new developments in the Col­leges of Arts, Literature, and Science.Students have a better chance to behealthy, now that the new Medical School,its personnel, and its equipment are at theirservice. Dr. DUDLEY REED, StudentHealth Officer, describes the new healthcorps. Dr.]. L. MCCARTNEY points outa problem which the health corps faces.The four books reviewed this month,different as they are, center around a com­mon subject-the United States. One, anovel, presents three generations of a familyof American pioneers for our study. Onethrows the light of exhaustive research ona disputed section of our national history.One sets forth the views of a great N ew­Testament scholar who was also a greatadministrator, upon the application ofChristianity to our national life. Onepainstakingly examines an ideal of thefounders of our nation, inquires what thatideal may mean for us today, and leaves usplanning how we may use it to build abetter America.Professor FRED MILLETT, who wroteThe Assault on the English Novel forour last issue, has agreed to write his opin­ions, each month, on current books or booksin general. His page appears at the end ofthe Book Section. (Professor Millett wasformerly professor of English at the Carne­gie Institute of Technology, and not atthe University of Pittsburgh, as we statedlast month.)69OSGOOD, '26Conquerer of bears, mosquitoes, and 1200 miles of treach­erous N orthern riversVOL.XX No.2m:beWnibersitp of ctCbicago;ffl:aga�ineDECEMBER, 1927-------------------------------------------------------------------+-Glimpses of the NorthBy CORNELIUS OS�OODTHIS past summer I had occasion totravel into the interior of northernBritish Columbia and Alberta seeking in­formation concerning the culture of certainalmost unknown tribes of Athabascan In­dians who inhabit the interior of Canada.My procedure was to invest my entire cap­ital in a sixteen foot canoe, a few staplefoods, and a rifle, trusting to the true spiritof adventure to compensate me for the lackof compass, maps, or guide, and to trans­port myself and my meager equipment to theheadwaters of the Mackenzie watershedwhich in this instance took the form of asmall lake, thirty miles north of PrinceGeorge, B. C.On my arrival at this lake, my proposalto paddle the twelve hundred miles of un­traversed waterways which lay between meand my objective, Fort Chippewyan onLake Athabasca, was greeted with laughter,a mood which mingled with my own seri­ousness as I conjectured the result of learn­ing to take care of myself and 'to handle acanoe in the six miles of calm water whichpreceeded the narrow torrential outlet be­yond which point there was no turningback. To hear of lurking canyons, beyondthe bends of river, through which no living thing can pass, waterfalls preposterous intheir proportions, brown bears with a tastefor human blood, is not pleasant if amusing,and I determined to be off before the riversfroze as it was said they would before myarrival at Lake Athabasca.In order to convey an impression of whatreally happened on my trip, I propose togive two verbal pictures, the first of whichmay be entitled "A Bad Day" and thesecond "A Good One."I MAG I NE being awakened at threeo'clock in the morning on the bank ofa river flowing through a virgin spruceforest by a pair of wasps buzzing incessantlyin their rapacious desire to eat all the mos­quitoes at the head of my bed netting. Animpossible thing in the first place and ratherlike so many benevolent people who are un­satisfied with doing a good deed quietly. Aheavy fog drifts overhead penetrating asheepskin bag and chilling muscles crampedwith too much paddling. There is nothingto do but to withdraw from the comfortlessblankets, exposing oneself to the terribleblood-sucking, poison excreting scourge ofthe north, the mosquitoes, and pull on cold,fog-saturated clothing with haste. All7172 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEaround is the smoke of forest fires helddown by the fog which gives a choky feelingof loneliness. Bedding is quickly throwninto the canoe and camp is left behind withno other thought than a farewell to thecannibal insects which follow along untilthe sudden speed of the river leaves themtrailing far behind. Sometimes the moun­tain stream is barely the width of a canoelength, bulging with too much water, whichdivides here and there into numerous chan­nels, unfamiliar to the traveller. What asensation to turn suddenly into a hundredyards of tortuous riffles with a tree fallenacross at the bottom! A few quick move­ments for position and then lying flat todart through hanging branches into astretch of river not seen before.Before long the sun comes out and theattempt to make the noonday fire creates aproblem. Fifty minutes exertion teacheseven the most determined civilian that drift­wood cannot be used to start a fire and thecanoe is once more slipped into the waterwhile the navigator munches dried biscuitsand raisins. Several hours pass and theheat becomes unbearable, intensifying ex­haustion, and bringing a feeling of suffocat­ing monotony, a consciousness of being lost.This ends by the sight of a large lake half hidden by the approach. It is a long timebefore the intervening wild grass is leftbehind and the voyager finds himself fardown the bay. What disgust when thereis no outlet! The slow. retracing overcurrentless water into the setting sun begins.The sun is beautiful before it starts to burnthe eyes, before red blindness comes,-afterthat there is only the picture of the lonetraveler, .head bowed like the worshipperof a solar deity, pushing a crooked Coursein the cup of darkening mountains.Somewhere on the shore that nightblankets are spread out beneath a mosquitobar. For a long time there is no sleep;only the crashing of brush, the fear of ele­mental things. Bears turn into thievingrats and the day ends with sleep despite adrizzling rain.NOW for a good day. It is quite adifferent thing to wake up early ona small island and watch the sun climbingthrough spruce trees. A fair wind clearsthe air of unpleasant visitors and promisesan easy trip down the lake. Rising fromthe sheer comfort of the surroundings topick a cup of red raspberries which makea perfect breakfast, the first thing thatcomes to mind is the possibilities of fishing.A willow rod and a brown fly serve theLUNCH-TIMEThe canoe waits while the navigator cooks his meal on a sand-barGLIMPSES OF THE NORTHN E- P ARLE- PAS RAPIDSSo named because no man who paddled into them (SO' tradition said) everlived to tell the story. Osgood not only kept his canoe right-side-up, butmanaged to hold his camera fairly levelAN OPEN-AIR PANTRYW hen meal-time comes round, this half-breed boy's' mother comes to thedrying-poles for a mess of fish 7374 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEpurpose well enough, for the rainbow troutare biting as they never do elsewhere. Fortyof them which leave the water only longenough to be taken off the hook afford ahalf an hour's amusement, but the gamecloys and camp is broken. All the hopesof the future crowd to mind as one startsdown the lake, half drifting, watching thesnow-capped peaks of the Rockies fillingmore and more of the sky. Before noon Ft.McLeod and the first Indians are in sight.There is .creamed moose-heart on the tableof the Hudson Bay Co.'s factor and thatis the true introduction .to the naturalcharm of hospitality. All news is good newsand the guest is honored company. It isgay to spend an afternoon in a log builtnorthern post, attempting to turn the talkof native customers to the life of the "01fashun injun," pure joy to turn an .Indiari'sjoke upon himself by the knowledge of amere pronominal element. Indians hoppingup and down in their familiar dances to thebeat of deer skin drums make a fascinatingpicture as we sit on the counter of the littlestore asking questions of the toothless oldchief who refuses to impart informationregarding the construction of a bow andarrow for fear that it is to be used by thewhite man's army. This is followed by adinner of broiled deer meat and a swim inthe clear water of the little bay. As even­ing draws on the factor tells stories withall the glamour of their natural surround­ings, tales of adventure and of death. Day­light waning shortly before midnight, wewalk out to the shore of the lake to seethe setting sun sink between the teeth of amountain range, until with startling sudden- ness it disappears entirely, leaving for afew hours still blackness on the water. Thelantern beckons from the small window,giving to the wilderness serenity the humantouch which destroys a loneliness of endlesstimber. W rapped in a buffalo robe scentedwith the fresh spruce bows beneath, sleepcomes quickly and lasts long in the com­plete assurance of a perfect day.IF I HAVE succeeded in my intentionof giving some glimpses of the north,one may be satisfied with the truth of them.The north is an intensely human and hos­pitable place where bad days are turned intogood ones as the traveller becomes moreand more capacitated to accept what is free­ly offered. Before the snow 'fell my smallcraft had nosed itself into the MamwambiLakes which connect the rivers of thejourney with Lake Athabasca. Nature hadbecome a friend. Sticks were no longerinanimate things; they turned into fire, aroaring fire which crackled in the rain, fiveminutes after the order was given. Bearsremained to sniff more closely before am­bling away with grunts of recognition. Iremembered them when I went south.N ext year I want to hunt out a lone placewithin the arctic circle, a place where Ihave heard that the Indian warrior makesknives from river copper with which hetakes the grizzly bear in single handed fight­ing, rousing him to his hind legs and thenclosing in beneath his dangerous paws.What manner of people would do that?Perhaps the ancestors of our own civili­zation.GLIMPSES OF THE NORTHBULWARKS OF THE NORTHThe white tip of Mount Selwyn, more than 12,000 feet high, may be seenjust beyond the nearest peakA PiECE OF LucxA deserted cabin that afforded Osgood a night of comparative warmth andsome protection from the mosquitoes 75The Undergraduate at ChicagoExperienced Teachers, Deans, and Counselors Devote IncreasingCare to his TrainingBy CHAUNCEY SAMUEL BOUCHERDean of the CollegesTHANKS to a President who is quickand keen in the recognition of the mis­taken practices and the shortcomings in oureducational program, and who welcomesand encourages experimentation and newdepartures in educational methods, the U ni­versity of Chicago is recognizing as neverbefore its obligations to its undergraduatestudents. A new spirit and a new life isevidenced in the thought and activity ofa majority of the officers of instruction andadministration concerned wth undergradu­ate education. The members of the Fresh­man Class entering the University of Chi­cago in the current quarter, Autumn, 1927,have more and better opportunities open tothem than any previous class has had. Spacewill not permit an extended discussion of allof our new departures, but a brief state­ment concerning each of several of them canbe made.Receiving the NewcomersAs A result of our observations basedon the past experience and on theexpressed opinions systematically solicitedfrom past freshmen who have been throughthe mill, the Freshman Week program waschanged considerably. Unessential andprofitless items were eliminated, new andworthwhile features were added, and thetime devoted to individual educational guid­ance conferences was doubled.At the opening of this quarter all fresh­men entered the Colleges of Arts, Litera­ture, and Science; none entered a profession­al school. This is a decided step forwardin the proper education of our students inpreparation for later specialization in anyparticular line, and in the advancement ofthe standards and spirit of some of our pro­fessional schools. The writer has already found that some other universities of firstrank are expressing a keen interest in thismove on our part and are preparing to takea similar step.New Courses for' FreshmenO DR freshmen this year will receivebetter instruction in the class roomthan was offered any previous class. Theadministration has spent more money thisyear than ever before on instructors forfirst year classes; hence in many departmentswe have either materially reduced or en­tirely done away with the use of graduatestudent assistants in charge of freshmensections. Not only have we raised the cali­bre of instruction, but we have made moreadequate provision for the number of classesand sections so that a greater number ofstudents can get the particular courses they'want 'and ought to have when they needthem most.Not only have we raised the quality ofinstruction and improved the variety andadjusted the amount of program offerings,but in several instances the content of in­troductory courses has been changed so con­siderably as to make an entirely new course.Perhaps the best example here is the intro­ductory course in Political Economy-theEconomic Order-a three quarter courseextending throughout the year. D nder theleadership of Professor Marshall, the headof the department, old course offerings wererestudied so carefully that several of themwere abandoned; and after an almost un­believable' amount of time and study had,been' devoted by Professor Marshall andseveral of the members of his department,the result is an entirely new course-newIII content and method of presentation­a real and vital orientation course-a76THE UNDERGRADUATE AT CHICAGODEAN BOUCHERcourse which, I believe, is the best intro­ductory course in economics in the countryoffered to freshmen. Professor Marshallhimself has taken charge of the course andis the most active participant among thegroup of instructors and men of professorialrank offering the course.In similar fashion the department ofHistory has accepted the challenge and hasscrapped its introductory course. Instead.. of presenting the antiquated, deadly, andstereotyped course on the History of West­ern Europe-mainly political and military-the new introductory course in historywill present a history of civilization in afashion which is sure to be more interesting,more vital and more useful to the student.Many other departments are seriouslystudying their introductory courses on thescores of content and method of presenta­tion; several have already made markedimprovements and several others are wellon the way to doing so.As soon as theadministration showed itsinterest in improving the quality of instruc­tion furnished to Junior College students,a .number of departments demonstrated awillingness to co-operate which is mostgratifying. More care has been given' tothe selection of instructors on the scoreof ability to teach More conferences arebeing held for members of a departmentalstaff engaged in instructing elementary 77classes. In some cases a staff member hasbeen designated as supervisor of junior col­lege instruction for the department.Here we had a remarkable example al­ready at hand in the Junior College lan­guage work in French, Spanish and Ger­man. Under the guiding genius of Pro­fessor Morrison, in charge of the Labora­tory Schools, whose expert services in theguidance of this elementary work in theselanguages was requisitioned a few years ago,such remarkable progress was made that,earlier in this calendar year, it was con­sidered safe, at his request, to take thework back into the Colleges, under thesupervision of Professor Bond, who hadworked with Professor Morrison. Pro­fessor Bond is now serving as Chairman ofthe Junior College division of the work inthese languages and is definitely responsiblefor seeing that effective teaching is the orderof the day. That this is the case is shownby the. fact that, a few months ago, at therequest of the Department of RomanceLanguages and the Department of Ger­manics, the faculty voted to reduce thelanguage requirement in French, Spanishor German from four majors to three ma­jors, because we are now accomplishing asmuch in three majors as was the objective-a reading knowledge of the language­when four majors were required.The Department of Mathematics, anx­ious to co-operate in our endeavor to im­prove Junior College instruction, has ap­pointed one of its staff members to be thesupervisor of Junior. College instructionin that department. With careful studyof performance in the classroom this super­visor is sure to raise the standard as meas­ured in results. The advanced courses willprofit by the increased capacity and thefurther advancement of the students whoenter them from the improved elementaryinstruction.Two more of our largest departmentshave expressed a willingness to appointsupervisors for their Junior College coursesin the next academic year. This is an im­portant development, worthy of every pos-78 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAG1\ZlNEsible encouragement, for nothing but goodcan come from it.With the hearty co-operation of the Eng­lish Department an interesting experimentis being tried this quarter with a selectedgroup of freshmen. The one hundred fortyfreshmen who are selected· for admissionby invitation to the first Survey Course,"The Nature of the W orld and of Man"­the top of the entering class in ability­were not registered for Freshman Englishin the Autumn Quarter. Two instructors inEnglish are assigned to this group and onthe basis of the regular written work forthe Survey Course are classifying thesefreshmen into three groups: those who clear­ly do not need the introductory course inEnglish and who will be exempted; thosefew who �learly do need it and will beenrolled for it in a subsequent quarter; andthose who, with the aid of a short' period ofindividual conferences and coaching, can becertified as not needing the regular course.This suggests another primary interestof a number of us-the determination ofdemonstrated ability, achievement or ac­complishment in certain fields as a substi­tute for specific course requirements. Whenachievement tests can be substituted forour present dogmatic and autocratic systemof bookkeeping in terms of majors taken,real education will be materially advanced.This is the goal now achieved in the ele­mentary work in French, Spanish and Ger­man, for a student is advanced from onecourse to another, even in mid-quarter, asrapidly as he demonstrates that he can dothe work; and no student is given a gradeof C in the third and last required majorin anyone of these languages until he canbe certified as having a reading knowledgeof that language. It is to be hoped thateach department will make a serious effortto work out satisfactory achievement teststo be given at appropriate stages of ad­vancement and to take the place of the moresimple but quite unsatisfactory method ofrecording only majors taken.For the superior students-superior bothin ability and in earnestness of application­we are endeavoring to provide methods of escape from the lock-step system of nothingbut formal class room performance-lec­tures and quizzes, lectures and quizzes­a system which proves all too frequently tobe deadening rather than stimulating tothe better students, but a system which willprobably have to be continued for sometime in large institutions for the mediocreand mine-run students. This year we havea number of honor courses open to superiorstudents. The basic idea is to have littleif any formal and perfunctory class roomwork; a student is to be given a problemor a really big assignment-one fit tochallenge the initiative and capacity of thebest student; he is then to be put on his'own resources to a large extent and al­lowed to show his originality. and the ut­most extent of his powers. Real accom­plishment in a particular field is to be thecriterion of judgment at the conclusion ofhis work. That the better students are keenfor such opportunities I know as a result ofoffering such a course myself this year.Educational GuidanceWE HAVE drawn the line more sharp­ly between the Junior College and theSenior College in the field of educationalguidance. During his first two years, in theJunior College, a student is assigned to aDean for educational guidance. SpecialDeans are provided for students who knowdefinitely that they wish to enter a profes­sional school, whether for Medicine, Law,Education, Commerce and Administration,Social Service Administration, or Nursing.Other Deans will work with non-profession­al students and will do their best to helpeach such student to find a major and vitalacademic interest.At the end of the first two years some ofthe professional students will enter the ap­propriate professional schools, while otherswill not enter a professional school until atthe end of the third or fourth years, de­pending on what seems best for the stud emand the entrance requirements of the Par­ticular professional school. All studentswho. do not enter a professional school atTHE UNDERGRADUATE AT CHICAGOthe end of the second year are required todeclare a major interest in some departmentin the Colleges. The student's Dean will,during his first two years, help him to makethis choice wisely. When a student hascompleted his Junior College reauirementsand has made his departmental selection forprimary interest in his Senior College years,he will be assigned to an officer of that de­partrnent,' known as the DepartmentalCounselor, for educational guidance. Inthis we have followed the precedent of theGraduate Schools of Arts and Literatureand of Science. Each department has fur­nished educational guidance for its graduatestudents and will henceforth do so for itsSenior College students as well. In thismanner we have considerably enlarged thenumber of staff members devoting part oftheir time to educational guidance and havethus insured for most students more atten­tion and better counsel. Most of the depart­ments have shown an earnest and excellentspirit in providing for this additional burdenof responsibility, because they were quick to 79realize that this plan furnished an improvedopportunity for them to build up a newesprit de corps and raise the standard of per­formance among their students. Depart­ments which neglect this important func­tion and duty will find themselves losingprestige and a hold on the interest of thestudent body.INA civilization which is changing asrapidly as ours has changed in the pastgeneration, and which bids fair to changecertainly no less rapidly in the next genera­tion, our �ducationa� system, to be of anyvalue, must change accordingly and adaptitself to new demands. We must notchange our educational processes, content,organization, and methods simply for thesake of change, but must be willing to ex­periment in the light of past experience andpresent needs, and then, on the basis oftested thought, make our changes-changesto a system which may safely be regarded aspermanent only to a relative degree-per­manent until tested thought again demon­strates that another change is advisable.THE DEAN SYSTEM IN ACTIONLong and careful conferences, repeated throughout the year, serve much better thanthe line-up filing past the dean's desk at registration-time. The picture shows DeanCoulter and one of the freshmen under his guidance.The Creative Impulse in American SpeechNew !Fords that have Rz'sen from the Rank of Slangto Form a National LanguageBy PROFESSOR W. A. CRAIGIEProfessor Craigie, formerly of Oxford, is in charge of the preparation of a dictionaryof American English, undertaken at the UniversityDURING the past month a generalappeal has been issued from this U ni­versity for help in the labor of collectingthe great mass of material on which a"Historical Dictionary of American Eng­lish" can alone be based. There are somany aspects of the language to be takeninto account in such a dictionary that thereis full scope for the most varied interestsin those who may be moved to take part inwhat ought to be a national undertaking.A whole series of articles would be requiredto illustrate all these aspects and explaintheir significance; it will be sufficient inthe present one to draw attention to thatportion of American English which usuallyproves most interesting both to the nativeand the stranger-that which has on it thestamp of novelty and originality.New words and new meanings of oldwords began to appear in American speechfrom the beginning of the settlements inVirginia and New England. For the mostof these, however, there are obvious reasons;new things required new names, and thecommoner the thing, the more rapidly didthe new name become part of the language.The language was thus steadily growingall the time, but in its earlier years thereare no clear signs of the fertility of inven­tion which it was to develop at a later date.For a century at least it was certainly grow­ing at a slower rate than that of the mothercountry. What happened after that is. notso easy to ascertain, because the eighteenthcentury is a period during which the litera­ture reflects very imperfectly the actualspeech of the people. To obtain any ade­quate idea of this it will be necessary toexamine closely all the written matter ofan informal nature-letters, journals, trad­ing documents, store-keeper's bills, inven­tories, etc. Even then much will be lack- ing which, if known, would lead up to thenew forms of speech that characterize thenineteenth century.The result is that if we look at anyextensive collection of Americanisms, suchas that contained in Thornton's AmericanGlossary, and note specially those whichare of a purely colloquial nature, we shallfind that the great majority of these haveno recorded history before the nineteenthcentury, and that many of them begin latein that century. A limited numbermay betraced a little earlier, but very few of thesecan be found before the beginning of theWar of Independence, partly because thetypes of literature in which they naturallyoccur do not make their appearance untilafter that event.H ow a Language GrowsThis impulse towards enriching the lan­guage from within, instead of by borrowingfrom without, manifests itself in variousways. Sometimes the word itself is new,and of· obscure or untraceable origin, asblizzard, bogus, caucus, dander, scalawag,skedaddle. More commonly it is a fa­miliar word used in a new way or formingpart of a phrase which has a new signifi­cance. Sometimes it is a technical or tradeterm taken out of its narrower surroundingsand put to a wider use. Throughout thiswhole class of words and phrases it is diffi­cult to draw any clear line between whatis mere slang, what is allowable in ordinarytalk, and what has really established itselfin the written or standard language.Some idea of the time at which suchwords begin to be prominent may be gotfrom a few examples .. To "cave in" isknown in the literal sense from 1764, butwith the meaning "to give way," "toyield," only from about 1840. To "kick,"80THE CREATIVE IMPULSE IN AMERICAN SPEECHin the sense of "object" or offer resistance,is recorded from 1799, and to "take back,"of retracting a statement, from 1775. Thenoun "stump" as an extempore platform fora political speaker appears at the same date.The same word as a verb has developedseveral distinct senses, of which the earliestis to challenge or dare a person to do some­thing, found as early as 1776, and the lat­est is to travel through a district makingpolitical speeches, for which the evidencebegins in 1856. To "tree," common from1818, may be much older, as there is a soli­tary English example from before 1700.To "boost," as well as "a boost," beginsits career about 1825, the earliest date towhich many other words can at present betraced. Two earlier verbs which particu­larly struck the attention of British travel­ers because of the practices they denoted,were to "gouge" and "bundle," for whichthe inquirer may consult the ample evidencecollected by Thornton.Of new words, one of the most notable,the origin of which has been keenly arguedwithout being finally settled, is "Yankee,"which is clearly established from 1765 on­wards. Another which has a very definitestart so far as the printed record is con­cerned is "bogus," first recorded in thePainsville (Ohio) Telegraph of July 6th,1827, and there used as the name of amachine used to make counterfeit coins."Boss" adapted from the Dutch "baas"appears in New York from 1806, and"spook" from the same language in 1801."Rowdy" turns up a little later, and theearliest evidence ( of 18 I 9 ) identifiesRowdies with backwoodsmen, and speaksof "the hunters, or Illinois Rowdies, asthey are called." "Dander," in suchphrases as "his dander began to rise," "toget one's dander up," is in common usefrom about 1835 only. "Cocktail" has notbeen traced beyond 1806, when it is de­scribed as "a stimulating liquor, vulgarlycalled bittered sling." ,The mode of forming some of the newwords is illustrated by "rooster," whichhad probably established itself in common-speech for some time before it is first re­corded in 1806. The more picturesque SlAN AMERICAN SAMUEL JOHNSONProfessor William Alexander Craigie conceivedthe idea of a dictionary of the American lan­guage when he was in Chicago one summer look­ing after an American printing of the OxfordDictionary. He told Professor Manly of hisplan, and began work soon afterward underthe University'S auspices.word had a natural advantage over thecommonplace monosyllable "cock."Successes and Failures of WordsThe success of these innovations has beenvery varied. Some have never risen abovethe lower levels of speech, while others havemade their way not only into standardAmerican, but even into standard andworld-wide English. The process of at­taining this position may be illustrated bythe instance of "lengthy," which so far hasbeen first found in the diary of John Adamsunder the date January 3, 1759. Franklindid not hesitate to use it, but the BritishCritic of 1793 objected to it, while Southeyand Scott introduced it with the cautious"to borrow a transatlantic term" and "asour American friends would say." Bentham,however, in 1816 used it without apology,and so did Dickens in 1837; after that dateits American origin probably ceased totrouble any English writer. "Reliable" isanother word which excited much opposi­tion among English purists, whose resist­ance was fairly successful for about half acentury. On the other hand the American82 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE"wrathy," common from 1835, has had lesssuccess among writers with a purely Eng­lish tradition.The-search for early instances of suchwords and phrases as those given above isusually an interesting one, because the typesof literature in which they occur are trulyAmerican in character, and frequently ofan entertaining nature. There is more tobe learned about the history of Americanspeech from a close study of Neal's BrotherJonathan or Paulding's John Bull inA merica than from the more solid andsolemn works of their contemporaries. Thevariety of the idioms which have to be in­vestigated in such sources will be seen fromthe following lists, while the appendeddates will illustrate the comparative re­cency of their origin, or at least of our in­formation regarding them.Absquatulate, 1837. Admire (in "Ishould admire to go"), 1816. Afeard,1834. Aheadof (in figurative use), 1825·Allow (==admit), 1843. Almighty dollar,1836. Antifogmatic, 17-89. Anxious seat(in religious use), ,1888. Appreciate(==riseor raise in value), 1779. At that (insuchphrases as "and slow at that"), 1830. Aw­ful (in trivial use, as "an awful bother"),1814·Back and forth, 1816. Back number(figurative), 19 IO. Back seat (in "to takea back seat"), 1863. Bark up the wrong tree, 1833. Big bug, I83!. Blow-out,(==feast), 1825. Boss (as a verb), 1856.Britisher, 1829. Bully (==excellent, cap­ital), 1855. Bury the hatchet, 1824. Bust(==burst), 1850.Cake (to take the cake), 1886. Calculate( :=think, believe) , 18 I 2. Carryon(:=frolic, riot), 1834. Catch on, 1884.Caution ("a caution"), 1834. Cavort,1834. Cavortish, 1835. Chalks ("towalk one's chalks"), 1835. Chock up(..:_right up), 1834. Chore, 1820. Clear(==quite, completely), 1834. Clear out( :=leave), 1824.I t would be possible to go through thewhole alphabet with similar results, andthe observant reader would note how manyof these words or phrases have risen instatus during the century or less from thedate of their first appearance.The first thing in all study of languageis to avoid preconceived ideas or prejudicesas to the standing or history of a word, andto begin by ascertaining the facts. I t isfor the purpose of learning more aboutthese: that the appeal for cooperation in thework of collecting has been issued. Themore widely this meets with a response,the fuller our information will be, and themore possible it will become to estimatethe full extent of the creative impulse Inthe language of the United States.Another Nobel Prize for ChicagoPROFESSOR ARTHUR H. COMP­TON of the University of Chicago,with Professor Charles Thompson Reese­Wilson of Cambridge University, have re­ceived the Nobel Prize for physics for thisyear.With the award to Professor Compton,the University of Chicago remains the onlyAmerican university whose members havereceived the prize in physics. ProfessorAlbert A. Michelson was the first to receivethe Nobel Prize in physics, for his researchesin optics in general and his work with theinterferometer in particular. ProfessorRobert A. Millikan, now head of the N or­man Bridge Laboratory of Physics andchairman of the administrative council ofthe California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Cal., received the prize after hehad gone to California for work done whilehe was at the University of Chicago. Hisachievement was the isolation and measure­ment of the electron.Professor Compton's work was begun atWashington University, St. Louis, and suc­cessfully concluded at the University ofChicago. He demonstrated that X-rayspassing through a substance changed inwave-length, a fact which descredited theaccepted theory of light, and gave supportto the tentative "quantum theory." Thistheory is that in certain of its aspects lightbehaves as a projectile, and like a projectile,loses some of its. energy when it i!)'deflectedfrom an obstacle.The Story of The University' of ChicagoBy THOMAS WAKEFIELD GOODSPEED*Reprinted through courtesy 0/ The University 0/ Chicago PressIX. THE OPENING YEARTHE first day of October, 1892, thatgreat day so long anticipated, . inpreparation for which so many planshad been made and so many labors per­formed, the day on which the doors of theUniversity were to be opened for receivingstudents and beginning that, work of in­vestigation and instruction which it washoped would end only with the end of time-that great day was drawing near. Thenight before, President Harper and Dr.Judson worked together until midnight onthe details of the opening. When all wasfinished the president, as Dr. Judson re­lates, threw himself back on the sofa andsaid: "I wonder if there will be a singlestudent here tomorrow!"After much consideration it had been de­cided that the University should begin itswork as simply and unpretentiously as pos­sible. At 8 :30 Sa.turday morning OctoberI, 1892, the bells sounded in Cobb Hall,the professors were in their classrooms, theclasses were in their places, and the exer­cises proceeded throughout the morning assmoothly as if the University had been insession twenty years.The chapel occupying the northern por­tion of the first floor of Cobb Hall seatedseveral hundred. There, after the morn­ing classes, at 12 :30 o'clock, members ofthe University faculties, trustees, and stu­dents, with some outside friends, assembled.With a fine perception of what alonecould adequately express the emotions ofmany present, President Harper opened theexercises by saying, "We will sing the dox­ology, 'Praise God from Whom all bless­ings flow.'" He then led the assembly inthe Lord's Prayer, and announced thehymn, "Nearer, My God, to Thee." Fol-­lowing the hymn, the president still leading,part of the ninety-fifth Psalm WaS read re­sponsively, "0 come let us sing unto theLord," and the hymn, "Oh, could I speak the matchless worth," was sung. DeanJudson then read parts of the first chapterof Genesis and of the first chapter of John,and verses 4-8 of the fourth chapter ofPhilippians. Prayer was offered by Pro­fessor Galusha Anderson, formerly presi­dent of the Old University. "Hail to theLord's Anointed" was sung, a notice ortwo given, and the benediction was pro­nounced by Dean Hulbert of the DivinitySchool. Thus simple were the exercises ofthat really great occasion. At the Octoberopening of every year for the third of acentury covered by this story substantiallythe same program, in all. its simplicity, wasrepeated. It was known as the Commemo­rative Chapel Assembly.Cobb Hall was not fully completed onthe opening day and students passed underscaffolding to enter the classrooms. W ork­men were still in the building and therewas more or less noise. There were a fewfinishing touches to be put on the recitationhall and the dormitories, but the regularUniversity work went right on.'There were in the faculty thirteen headprofessors, twenty professors, sixteen as­sociate, and twenty-seven assistant profes­sors, fifteen instructors, nine tutors, four as­sistants, seven readers, and nine docents, or120 in all. In addition there were sevenUniversity Extension lecturers, engaged togive one or more courses of lectures. Thetotal number of University students thefirst quarter was 594. In the Academy atMorgan Park there were ninety-nine boysand girls. .Everything was new and everything wasincomplete. The site had received muchattention from Daniel L. Shorey, one of thetrustees, but in large part was still in itsnatural state. The western side was flat,but dry and covered with small oaks. Thesoutheast quarter was like it. But thesetwo sides were separated by low groundwhich was a morass in the spring, being low-* Just before this issue went to press, news came of the death of Dr. Goodspeed. Some account of his long careerof service to the University,' as leader of the movement that made its founding possible and as maker and authorof its history, will appear next month.8384 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEest just east of where Haskell later stood,and here there was standing water for muchof the year. There were a few board walks.There was no gymnasium for Mr. Stagg'sathletes, and no building for what was al­ready a great library. A gymnasium andlibrary building, temporary in construction,was under way and became available at theend of the first quarter. Half a dozenother buildings, the Kent Chemical Labora­tory, the Walker Museum, Foster, Kelly,Beecher, and Snell dormitories, were beingconstructed and the campus was coveredwith piles of earth and with brick, stone,iron, lumber, every kind of building ma­terial, and swarming with workmen as wellas with young men and women going to andfrom the recitations. The professors madetheir way about as well they could, dodgingteams, avoiding derricks, but rejoicing inthe promise of increased facilities. Theyneeded these badly. The scientific depart­ments had none whatever on the campus. Afour-story brick building on the southwestcorner of Fifty-fifth Street and UniversityAvenue, divided into store-rooms below andapartments for flat-dwellers above, hadbeen rented for them, and into these narrowquarters the biological departments andPhysics, Chemistry, and Geology werecrowded, and here they tried to do theirwork through the whole of the first year.As one of the professors said some yearslater at the laying of the cornerstones ofthe four biological laboratories: "Ourearlier days in the University were spentin the garrets and kitchens of a tenementhouse." But somehow the departmentswere housed, and the great enterprise wasgot under way.The opening released at once activities'Of every sort. The intellectual life of theUniversity in all its departments began im­mediately to assume definite form. Duringthe first quarter departmental clubs beganto be established, and before the end of theyear there were fifteefl or more. TheChristian Union was organized. The pro­fessors organized the Philological Society.They were, also, socially greeted and wel­comed by the Men's U nion of the HydePark Presbyterian Church, by the Baptist Social Union at the Grand Pacific Hotel,and by the trustees in Cobb Hall.The establishment of a college paperbeing one of President Harper's cherishedplans, the newspaper men found negotia­tions easy and the University of ChicagoWeekly greeted the students on the day ofthe opening. Two weeks later the firstnumber of the University News appeared.In December, 1892, the Arena began anexistence which was terminated with thesecond issue. The News survived untilApril 19, 1893, but the Weekly held ontri urnphantly,The first meeting of the faculty on Oc­tober I, 1892, took up the matter of Greek­letter societies which were already organiz­ing and, after much negotiation, the policyof sympathetic regulation was adopted.This arrangement continued and under itthe fraternities flourished.The men students in the dormitoriesboarded in the Commons in the basementof the Divinity Halls, it not having beenpossible to find any other place. As no placecould well have been worse, there was dis­satisfaction and the entire management wasturned over to the students, which helpedsome, but not much.The year being one of beginnings, some­one was continually starting something. Inaddition to the departmental clubs therewere more than twenty societies, clubs, as­sociations, hands, choruses, and companiesorganized. The first month saw the birthof the Volunteer Mission Band, the Mis­sionary Society, the Dilettante Club, a liter­ary club of men and women instructors andstudents, the Glee Club, and the UniversityChorus. In November the University Col­lege Association, the Freshman Class, theSophomore Class, the Students' ExpressCompany, and the Young Men's ana theYoung Women's Christian Associationsentered the field. In the same month thewomen graduate students, with a propheticvision of the new opportunities and dutiesthe still distant "votes for women" wouldopen to them, organized the ParliamentaryLaw Club, "to familiarize its members withthe proper mode of procedure in publicmeetings." And so the good work went on,THE STORY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO 85THE OLD MAN IN 1927Amos Alonzo Stagg studied Hebrew under Dr. Harper atYale, intending to be a minister. Dr. Harper persuadedhim to enter a different profession at the new University.graduates of colleges forming alumni clubs,lovers of games uniting in chess and checkerclubs, those ambitious to speak well organiz­ing the Oratorical Society, and the under­graduates ambitious to write well theAthenaeum Literary Society. On the aver­age, at least one new club or society was or­"ganized each week.There were other activities in bewilder­ing variety. Mr. Stagg got his work under'way without delay. Football practice beganon the day the University opened. Mr.Stagg called his prospective warriors to­gether in Washington Park and began toteach them the game. "On October 22, thefirst college game was played with N orth- western. It was a tie game. N either teamscored. Eleven days later the two teamsmet again and Northwestern won, 6-4.Five more college games were played. OnNovember I5 the team won its first, and,for that year, its only college victory, win­ning from Illinois IO-4, but on Thanks­giving Day Illinois avenged itself by avictory, 28-I2. Football was a new gameto many in the West in I892. It com­manded instant favor and at once awakenedthe interest and enthusiasm of the studentsand faculty and the public. But footballcould not be played without a college yellwith which to cheer the team. A generalinvitation to the University for a "yell"THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEbrought out more than one, but the one thatfairly earned the title of the Chicago yellwas proposed at the very outset, and mosthappily, by Mr. Stagg himself:86Chi-ca-go, Chi-ca-go,Chi-ca-go-Go!Go Chi-ca, Go Chi-caGo Chi-ca-Go.Like other college yells this was sooncarried round the world. During this yearMr. Field gave the use of ground northof Fifty-seventh Street and, east of EllisAvenue for the University games, and itbecame famous as Marshall Field. Foot­ball preceded tennis by a few days only.The tennis players started early and thefirst tournament was held in October. Al­though there were no courts on the campusthe followers of the sport got out early inthe spring, doing their playing where theycould. Four courts were begun, however,by the authorities and the Tennis Associa­tion was organized in June, 1893, to main­tain and manage them.The temporary gymnasium was finishedin December, 1892, and eager candidatesfor basket-ball began to appear. The firstteam was organized in March and thegames awakened great interest.In April the first track team got to­gether, though there had already been trackpractice and contests on the new running­track of the gymnasium.It was to be expected, from Mr. Stagg'sfame as a pitcher, that the boys would beeager for baseball under his leadership. Thenine was organized in April and playedfourteen games, ten of them with collegeteams. Of these ten Chicago won seven.In the disorganized state of western collegeathletics, no objection was made to theplaying of Mr. Stagg. It was understoodthat the new University was just beginningits athletics. The conditions prevailing weredescribed in an early song called "1893 "by Steigmeyer, '97: 'Then Stagg was catcher, pitcher, coach,shortstop, and halfback too'F . ' ,or In those days of "Auld lang syne" ourathaletes were few.Th� final baseball game was played in June,dunng Convocation week, and was espe- cially noteworthy because it marked thededication of the_ new Athletic Field, avictory of 8-3 over the University of Vir­ginia, and the triumphant close of the firstbaseball season.In those days bicycle races were a rec­ognized part of intercollegiate contests,and in January of the first year the U ni­versity Cycling Club was organized anddeveloped some champion cyclists,Although a little more than half thestudents were theological students and grad­uates, they were a very human, genial, so­cial crowd. Receptions abounded from thevery beginning-receptions in Cobb, in theBeatrice, an apartment house rented as adormitory for women, and in the president'shouse. There were receptions for the col­lege classes, from the Freshmen up, forthe graduates, for, the theologues, for theprofessors, for the wives of the professorsand students. There were parties and sleighrides. Every meeting of the forty clubswas a social event. The one great meet­ing of the University Union closed with apromenade concert in Cobb Assembly Roomwhen the whole University gathered.Most of the recitations being held inCobb the students were thrown togetherin its halls several times daily, and theselarge assemblages of young people werenaturally very social in their nature. Anobserver could not fail to be impressed withthe perfectly natural, unconstrained wayin which the young men and womenmingled. They acted as though it was themost natural thing in the world that theywere in the University together. All wentabout their daily business in a simplestraightforward manner, and the life o�the campus was as natural as in any villagecommunity.Through the Christian Union, the twoChristian associations, the missionary' so­cieties, and the churches of the city the re­ligious life of the University found expres­sion and was vigorous and active. Therewas no University chaplain the first year,and the pastors of the city were freelydrawn upon for chapel addresses. Eminentpreachers, not only from Chicago but fromother parts of the country, spoke at theTHE STORY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOSunday evening services of the ChristianUnion.Music came in to help the social life andgratify artistic tastes. At least two seriesof "chamber concerts" were given in Cobb.As the second quarter wore on, the firstof the new dormitories, Snell Hall, ap­proached completion. It was built for men,but the women of the University weregiven the right of way, and they left theBeatrice and moved into Snell on April 15,1893. The very last number of the Uni- .versity News told the story of their flittingfrom the one to the other.The World's Fair was opened in thespring of 1893 and the famous FerrisWheel went round just over the fence fromthe new women's dormitories. The Fairand the Wheel brought moving remem­brances to the author of "1893":Oh, there were more profs than students, butthen we didn't care;They spent their days in research work, theirevenings at the Fair.And life upon the campus was one continualswing;We watched the Ferris Wheel go round, anddidn't do a thing.The first Convocation was held in theCentral Music Hall, which stood on thesoutheast corner of State and Randolphstreets. The date was January 2, 1893.I t was a notable event because there, forthe first time, the University as a whole,president, trustees, faculty, and students,met the people of Chicago and its friendsand patrons in a great public function.Then was instituted the ceremonial, sincebecome familiar, of the Convocation pro­cession, students in academic cap and gownmarching down the main aisle, followed bythe professors also in cap and gown, theirvarious bright-colored hoods lending anima,tion to the scene, the trustees in cap andgown, with prominent visiting educators,the chaplain, the speaker, and the presidentclosing the procession.The first Convocation address was de­livered by Professor von Holst to a nobleaudience filling the hall, on the subject,"The Need of Universities in the UnitedStates." The president's statement fol­lowed. He contrasted the conditions exist- 87ing twelve months before with those pre­vailing at the time he spoke, gave an ac­count of the work of the quarter, closingwith a statement of the urgent needs ofthe University. President Harper was al­ways interesting, and never more interest­ing than in this first Convocation statement.At the third Convocation, the' last oneof the opening year, President Harper saidthat while, one year before, in a publishedofficial forecast, the number of studentsestimated for the Graduate School had beenplaced at 100, the number actually enrolledthe first year had been 2IO, that the enrol­ment in the Divinity School had been 204,and that the total attendance in the collegesand higher departments had been 742. Thepresident also announced that friends ofthe University, quite independently of theUniversity itself, had organized "TheStudents' Fund Society," the purpose ofwhich was to collect funds and distributethem, in the form of loans to students whogave clear indications of scholarly ability.This society continued its beneficent workyear after year. The work of the U ni­versity Extension had been instituted withlarge success. Through many difficultiesthe University Press had been got underway.Such were some of the educational, ath­letic, social, religious, and literary develop­ments of the opening year. The year wasso .£1:111, so crowded with new things thatlittle justice can be done to it in these fewpages.N a one saw more clearly than PresidentHarper that he had organized the Uni­versity on a scale of expenditure not war­ranted by its resources. He had done thiswith his eyes open in the confident expecta­tion that the resources could and would befound. But no man was ever more anxiousthan he was and no man could work harder'to find a way of deliverance. The storyis too long to tell here, but two men finallyopened that way. On Christmas Day,1892, there was received from Mr. Rocke­feller a third $1,000,000 subscription, pay­able December 2, 1893. This was a greatgift, but unfortunately it was not enough;88 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEit would not be available for a year; it wasfor endowment, and not even its incomecould be used for meeting obligations whichwere clamoring for payment.I t was under these circumstances of dis­tressing need that Martin A. Ryerson madea subscription of $100,000 on condition that$500,000 could be secured to "meet the ex­ceptional expenses of organization and thepressing demands for general improvementsand equipment." This proffer was made atthe beginning of February, r893. The president and secretary lost no time in be­ginning to seek subscriptions to fulfil Mr.Ryerson's offer. The panic of 1893 de­feated them. Mr. Ryerson more than oncegave them an extension of time. Mr.Rockefeller generously subscribed $150,-000 toward current expenses. Mr. Ryer­son advanced his $100,000 to meet pressingobligations. The half-million was finallysecured, but not till after the close of thefirst year, which thus ended with a longstruggle with debts and deficits impending.Two OF THE THREE WINNERSProfessors Michelson and Compton, who with former ProfessorMillikan are the only American winners of the Nobel prize inphysics. All three received the prize for work done at theUniversity.lEIDOCTOR.ING� UN IVCRulTYT he opening of the new Medical School a month ago enables the University to givegreater attention to its students' health. The articles below describe the new service andpoint out some of its tasks.New Guards for Student HealthBy DUDLEY B. REED, M. D.Student Health OfficerCONDITIONS at a university likeChicago practically necessitate someprovisions for safeguarding the health of- the student and his care during illness, thelatter particularly in the case of the stu­dent who does not live at home. Such pro­visions should include at least: ( 1) thor­ough medical examination of enteringstudents in order to discover existing condi­tions, remediable defects, undesirable tend­encies and possible communicable disease;(2) advice to the individual as a result ofthe findings of this examination; (3) careof students who are ill provided that theydo not prefer to have their private phy­sicians, this care to be ambulatory or hos­pital as may be required; (4) such pre­ventive measures as may be possible, vaccina­tion against typhoid fever, small pox anddiphtheria, individual conferences on healthmatters and preventive mental hygiene;( 5) class instruction in hygiene; (6) super­vision of the university sanitation if notcared for by some other agency, includinghealth of employees-particularly foodhandlers-water and food supplies, swim­ming pools, etc.These needs have long been recognizedat the University of Chicago and have beenpartially met in the past. The completionof the new hospital and clinics and the es­tablishment of the medical courses on the89 South Side with the consequent availabilityof excellent men in the different branchesof medicine and surgery and in the labora­tory departments have made possible theinauguration .of a fairly complete programbeginning with the summer quarter of1927·The department is called the HealthService and is fortunate in being locatedfor the present in the Max Epstein Clinic,where it has four office rooms, waiting.room, rest rooms and toilet rooms, onetreatment room, five examining rooms anda laboratory, now equipped quite satisfac­torily for the treatment of ambulatory cases.Later a twenty-one bed section of the hos­pital with one-, two-, and four-bed roomswill be set aside for students. For the pres­ent, student patients are being placed inthe regular medical and surgical sections.The staff consists of three full time andfour half time physicians, one nurse andtwo office assistants. One of the full timeand one . of the part time physicians arewomen. Dr. Emmett Bay '20, M.D. '23,is the assistant director. Dr. Ruth E.Boynton, in especial charge of the work forwomen, comes to us from the University ofMinnesota. Dr. C. O. Molander, M.D.'17, gives two hours a day to the clinic andhas charge of the medical work for theathletic teams. Dr. Thomas Walsh, M.D.90 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE'23, Dr. Charles Shannon, '22, M. D.'25, and Dr. Ruth Taylor, M.D. '23, spendthree hours a day each at the clinic. Dr.Bay and Dr. Boynton are in charge of thepatients in the hospital. Both in hospitaland in out-patient work, the members ofthe regular hospital staff are available forconsultation without cost to the student.The present program includes examina­tion of all entering undergraduates andsuch graduates as desire it, dispensary med­ical care for all resident students, hospitalcare for those who need it, house calls whennecessary, consultations with specialistssuch as ophthalmologists and laryngologists,X-ray and laboratory work as required, andindividual hygiene instructions such as maybe given in consultations. The above serv­ice is free to students with the exceptionof X-ray and house calls. For the formera minimum charge is made, and for thelatter a charge of $1.00 during the day and$2.00 during the night-mainly in orderto induce students to come to the clinicwhen they are able, and thus to economizethe time of the staff so that they may givethe maximum of service. No charge ismade to the student for the first three daysin the hospital during any illness, $2.00per day for board and room for the next seven days, and the entire regular hospitalcharge for more than ten days. This ar­rangement is made on account of thefeeling that the function of such a serviceis to use its funds for acute conditionsand preventive medicine among a largenumber of students rather than for longcontinued hospital care for a few.For the present the student is requiredto pay for operations except minor ones andalso for the fitting of glasses. In additionto the examinations done this autumn there. has been an average of sixty student patientsa day at the clinic and an average of some­what more than two patients a day in thehospital. The maximum attendance at theclinic for anyone day in October waseighty-three. and the maximum number ofstudents in the hospital on anyone day wassix. Approximately two hundred studentsconsulted the ophthalmology and laryngol­ogy departments during the first month.The city health department has given per­mission for the milder communicable cases,such as measles, to be cared for in the hos­pital-a solution of what has been atroublesome problem. Some alumni willrecall what a difficult thing it has been to.care for a man with chicken-pox in SnellHall.THE BILLINGS HOSPITALHeadquarters for the Medical School and for the Student HealthService.THE PLACE FOR MENTAL HYGIENE IN THE UNIVERSITYEvery effort is being made to minimizedelay in caring for students and to make iteasy for them to be cared for even withminor illness. Possibly the latter point isone of the most important in preventivemedicine,-early care of what seems aslight illness. It is the practice with theHealth Service to put into. the hospitalcases of "colds" with fever arid similarconditions, on the ground that this treat­ment may lessen the absences of the studentand perhaps prevent some more seriouscondition.In the near future it is the hope to beable to fit glasses, make X-rays, and do 91emergency operations without cost to thestudent. It is also expected to have phys­iotherapy and a psychiatrist available. Thelatter is felt to be of the greatest impor­tance, particularly for what might be calledpreventive mental service, helping studentsto become adjusted and to meet their prob­lems without serious nervous, upsets.Further, hygiene courses will be offered assoon as the necessary arrangements can bemade. The Health Service hours are from9 to 12 and from 2 to 5 on week days exceptSaturdays when the hours are 9 to 12 only.Any alumni who are on the campus willbe welcomed as visitors to the department.The Place F or Mental Hygiene In TheUniversityBy]. L. MCCARTNEY, S.B. '21, M.D. '23, Washington, D. C.MENTAL HYGIENE is becominga necessity in modern life. Ofcourse people a few hundred yearsago did not recognize such an entity, but asbreadth of knowledge is increased, so thedemand for its execution becomes imper­ative. Communities are finding that in­stitutions first considered a helpful luxury,such as the Illinois Institute for ] uvenileResearch, have become a necessity for theproper functioning of the well-balancedcommonwealth. Realizing that what isgood for the general populace, must alsobe of service to the privileged college group,the more advanced colleges are establishingMental Hygiene Clinics for their studentbodies. The work being done at the U ni­versity of Chicago by Professor Thurstoneon Psychological Tests is of great academicvalue for gaging the mental capacity of thestudent, but is of questionable value socio­logically, for it does not take into accountthe affect of the psyche. It is a step for­ward, but not a big enough step.Perhaps no stage of life is more fret withproblems than the years spent in college,usually between the ages of 17 and 24. It is the period of life when the person is eithermade or broken; when his or her futurehappiness is either marred or blessed. Theunderstanding, foreseeing insight of a speci- .alist in psychiatry, who is more interested inthe proper sublimation of the student's af­[ect, rather than in his bias towards intel­lectual attainments is a necessity in everyrounded college faculty. The time to pre­vent infection is before the bacteria haveoverwhelmed the person's resistance; andthe time to prevent "nervousness," neuroses,"nervous breakdown," asocial trends ofpersonality, sexual perversions, homosex­uality, suicide, and many cases of' frank in­sanity, is before the person has lost controlof his psyche and before the affect has be­come unmanageable. It is a shameful lossof energy and money to train a potentialpsychopath, who without mental hygieneis very likely to be institutionalized soon'after he or she has been given a degree.Many a freshman has left home for thefirst time in going to college, and is thusforced to make a new adjustment, whichsometimes is too big a task. Then againthere is the ambitious but misguided youth92 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEseeking an outlet for his or her affect, butpuzzled by the many and varied problemsof late adolescent vagary. There are theproblems of finance, which the universityattempts to lighten, but from which never­theless it is unable to remove the worry.There is the fear of failure, the fear ofupperclassmen, the fear of oblivion, thefear of not doing the right thing. All fearsgrounded on early stigma. The conflictbetween a small-town orthodox conscienceand a big-town environment: a broad sci­entific outlook on existence and a narrowsectarian dogma; an introspective selfishboredom and a fraternal melting-pot; theattainment of an ideal and the race forcurrency. Then there is the problem ofsex in all its aberrations which will alwaysbe out, and even more so in the sedentaryroutine of the collegian. Will it be phil­andery or celibacy? These are all prob­lems, that the usual faculty leaves to thestudent to solve himself or herself. Per­haps he can! Chances he can't!The University requires a physical ex­amination of every student on entrance,but takes the say-so of a couple of refer­ences as to the personality make-up, whenin the final analysis the psyche is the largerpart of the student. Every man and womanon entrance to the University should be given the opportunity of a non-scholasticscrutiny by a psychiatrist, besides the usualcomplete physical examination and the once­over by the dean. After the student hasfilled out an appropriate questionnaire, thepsychiatrist should spend at least 10 to 15minutes with each student. Necessarytrained social workers could go over thequestionnaires and classify them, taking anypreliminary observations on each case thatwould be of assistance before introductionto the psychiatrist. The mental hygienistcould then get his opinion of the case, andthose he felt needed further study and con­sultation could be given appointments afterthe immediate rush of registration, Also,after the first period, the students shouldbe urged to seek appointments with the psy­chiatrist with their psychological problems,and not to try to worry out of them alone.The student body in assembly or ingroups should be given talks on the princi­ples of mental hygiene, and the facultyshould call into consultation the psychia­trist, who by his training is perhaps morefitted to understand the personality make­up, or to assist in the decisions of the manyquestions relating to faculty and studentcooperation. In other words, the universitypsychiatrist, or mental hygienist, should bethe liaison officer of the campus.An Alumnus Becomes University PresidentMATTHEW Lyle Spencer, Ph.D. '10,has been elected President of theUniversity of Washington. He will be in­augurated on February 22.Dr. Spencer has been Director of theSchool of Journalism at the University ofWashington since 19I9. Journalism hasbeen one of his particular fields of 'interestfor many years. Before going to Wash­ington he served as reporter, copy reader,and editorial writer for The Milwaukee] ournal. He lectured on journalism onesummer at the University of Wisconsin.He has published Practical English Punctu­ation, News W ritin'g, and Editorial W rit­mg.He has made several contributions to the study of other branches of English literature.He has taught English at Kentucky Wes­leyan (where he was made a full professorimmediately after receiving his bachelor'sdegree there) , Wofford, and LawrenceColleges. Both Kentucky Wesleyan andNorthwestern conferred the degree ofMaster of Arts upon him for work in Eng­lish. He took his Doctor's degree at theUniversity with a thesis on the medievalCorpus Christi pageants in England.Born in 1881 at Batesville, Mississippi,Spencer spent the first twenty-five years ofhis life in various parts of the South. Hehas lived since then in Illinois, Wisconsin,and Washington. In the War, he servedas captain in the United States Army.BOOI(�America's MemoriesThe Grandmothers} by Glenway Wescott} Ex-}21. New York} Harper (5 Brothers.388 pages. $2.50.G LENW A Y WESCOTT'S "TheGrandmothers" is the second re­cent novel of distinction to comefrom a former Chicago student, a worthysuccessor to Elizabeth Roberts' "The Timeof Man" Both are about simple peopleon the Western soil. Both are written ina simple style which at its best is high art.N either submits to the conventional re­strictions of the well-made plot. "TheTime of Man" centers around a singlecharacter, "The Grandmothers" around anidea-the significance of a whole family,three generations of them. Alluding ob­viously to himself, Mr. Wescott writes:"There in his hands, uselessly, were twostatements of their· significance; but thebest way to explain what they meant wouldbe, quite simply, to tell the stories them­selves. Less impossible but more difficultthan what he had attempted. . . .Storieslike a series of question marks; questionswhich did not require an answer, questionsat peace. He was content with their am­biguities, so he knew that they were theend of understanding, or at any rate, theend of trying to understand. Trying tounderstand, for his own sake, shadowy menand women."I t is Alwyn 'Tow.rr-e-the first name apartial anagram or. the author's-who istrying to understand; because only as heunderstands the evolving of himself throughhis family can he comprehend himself be­fore trying to work out his" own salvation.They are good English stock. They havepioneered in the West. They cannot quite fulfill their own aristocratic half capacities,and they cannot quite cope with the roughchallenge of the open country. They arewilling to be" rigorous, but they are madefutile by a certain inherent delicacy oftemper.Alwyn's memories of these familiar fig­ures, and his interpretations of them,amount in the sum to a long and engrossingpiece of personal introspection. One can­not keep them clear in one's mind, evenwith the aid of the "memorandum" sup­plied "for the guidance of the reader."Only three or four of the twenty-odd re­"fuse to be forgotten-Leander, the bacheloruncle, Hilary, the pathological youth, andJ ames and Evan, uncles who left thefrontier and recall themselves more by theirdiffering experiences than by the differenceof their characters. But the others fallinto a composite which is a composite oftheir district and period; and Alwyn him­self is the fruit of them all. At the end ofthe chronicle, seated by the deathbed of oneof the grandmothers he realizes that cir­cumstance is conspiring to save him fromhimself and for himself. He faces a lessdesperate way of life than the pioneers havehad to face; and in his surprising maturityof mind he realizes, too, that he would nothave the courage to appreciate the glorywhich his forebears deserve if it were notfor the kindly fate which is sparing himfrom their ordeal.The book has an indubitable unitythough it has very little recognizable shape.I t is an" accumulation rather than a com­position. Yet risky, in a way, as this mode9394 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO· MAGAZINEof procedure may seem, it is evidently de­signed and evidently successful. It has thequality of an epic without an epic hero.For this reason it is a matter of indiffer­ence whether or no it should be called anovel. If a collection of related tales, allinterwoven, with vivid scenes and vividevents, with abundant speculation, analysisand criticism-if all this put together canbe called a novel, "The Grandmothers"is a novel. I f not-the book still has to bereckoned with.If I were to pick one section for specialcommendation, today, it would be the oneheaded "His Father," which is really abouthis father and mother and U ncle James andJ ames's wife and mother-in-law and severalothers, and so about Alwyn himself. Al­most nothing happens in it. Almost all isanalysis of character and belief-his father,who' might have become a sort of subli­mated veterinary if he had had the chance;his uncle, who entered the ministry, mar­ried money, left the pulpit, and became agenteel adjunct to a wealthy establishment;his aunt, a strange exotic product of riches,social position and religiosity; his mother,more wholesome,' mystical, poetic, yet al- together practical. And back of them allAmerica, seen through his mother's eyes,"A talent that a WHole race had, just as anindividual might have a talent for mathe­matics; and whatever the others were, itwould always be the principal talent ofAmericans as long as it lasted. Lent, notgiven; to be guarded and risked and multi­plied and used to the glory of God, theowner."There has been a flood of books writtenabout the frontier in these latter years.Hamlin Garland started it in the best ofhis trio, "A Son of the Middle Border,"Herbert Quick made signal contributions,Miss Cather more important ones. So hasMiss Roberts. Mrs. Gerould and severalothers have written more or less superficialessays. Literary criticism, following theseleads, has taken various excursions con­ducted by Mr. Rusk, Mrs. Hazard, MissDondore.Among them all there are few to rival"The Grandmothers" in either art or sub­stance. I don't know whether or not it isa "first" novel. It certainly is not the lastof Mr. Wescott's that I shall read withavidity. PERCY HOLMES BOYNTONNew Truths About Central AmericaRoosevelt and the Caribbean, by Howard C.Hill, Ph.D. '25. University of ChicagoPress. 233 pages. $2.50.Too few authors of books in historyhave been inclined to use the meth­ods of the research' scholar in gath­ering the. material for their narratives.As a consequence the student of history ex­pects a "new" book in history to be a re­chauffe of several of' the older books inhistory. And why not? Obviously itwould be a human impossibility for anyauthor to write, say for example, a historyof England documented throughout withoriginal source material uncovered throughpersonal research.The historians of tradition have trustedto the existing works of other historians for the bulk of their material, both fromcustom and of necessity. The newer gener­ation of historians are revealing their dis­satisfaction with such poll-parroting by can,ducting inquiries independently, and theresults of their investigations are edifyingindeed. The obvio 1S physical limitationsmake it necessary for' these new historiansto choose some one highly specialized partof the general historical field a . .id traintheir whole energy and attention on it. Isuppose one might attribute such activityto the popular tendency toward speciali­zation. Such men as Dodd and Breastedof the University family illustrate the ideanobly.Roosevelt and the Caribbean is an en­couraging commentary on the new. type ofresearch in a special field of history. Mr.Hill obviously approached his task withthe sincere belief that more could be knownabout the inclinations of the much-lovedand rough-riding president if one wouldbut take pains to dig. Mr. Hill has notonly dug but he has discovered.In a completely documented study theauthor substantiates some and discreditsother points of view that have been more orless widely held regarding Roosevelt's re­lations in the region of the Caribbean.Having had free access to a mass of sourcematerial deposited in the Library of Con­gress the account is authenticated by suchunimpeachable documents as Roosevelt'spublic and private correspondence, copiesof his speeches, significant memoranda, en­gagement books, confidential reports, andpersonal notes.After a brief recapitulation of the foreignaffairs of the United States, in which is not­ed our emergence from isolation into mem­bership in the world family, we are broughtto an equally brief account of the rise ofRoosevelt. At first a sickly infant, later adelicate boy, through a remarkable programof self development he was still later to be­come a rugged exponent of the strenuouslife. I t is only natural that a man withRoosevelt's experience should worshipstrength in all of its manifestations. Littledo we wonder that he was so occupied withBOOKS 95the problem of national defense. Neitheris it hard to understand what special signifi­cance the navy had for him. We shouldexpect Roosevelt to tell the curious worldthat he was forced. to build the isthmiancanal by a mandate of civilization.When it became necessary to choosebetween Nicaragua and Panama as possiblecanal-building sites Roosevelt chose' Pana­ma. Just at the right time a revolutiontook place in Panama which eventuated inthat country seceding from Columbia.Many critics of the Roosevelt administra­tion have intimated that it was responsiblefor this secession of Panama by inciting thePanamanians to rebellion. Hill finds that"the charge that the Washington govern­ment was directly responsible for the up­rising in Panama is not sustained by theevidence."In rapid succession are given accounts ofRoosevelt as mediator interceding forVenezuela, as peacemaker preserving orderin Cuba, as stern parent intervening in San­to Domingo, and as arbitrator harmonizingwhere there was general discord among theCentral American republics.The paternal characteristic of Roose­velt's imperialism in the Caribbean isdearly demonstrated. His policy there isrepresented as a high type of opportunism.This book throws much new light on theCentral American situation and is a mostvaluable addition to our literature dealingwith the foreign affairs of the UnitedStates. HOWARD GRE.NVILLE DAVISPractical ChristianityChristianity in the Modern World, by Ernest DeWitt Burton. Universityof Chicago Press. I95 pages. $2.00THOSE who have known PresidentBurton's work and have come to· thinkof him as the greatest American NewTestamc;}t scholar of the past half-century,will take up this volume with no little in­terest. Professor Harold R. Willoughbyof the New Testament Department of theUniversity has made a careful study of the unpublished material left by Dr. Burtonat his death. He has shown rare skill inselecting what is most valuable and mostinspiring in the life and thought of thisleader.The book is in two parts. In the firstpart, concerning "The Religion of Jesusand of Paul," we have Dr. Burton's vivid96 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEpictures of first-century religion and itsleaders.Of particular interest is his chapter en­titled "Jesus and Paul." He vividly por­trays the origin of the Christian Religionas a part of the life of its time. "It was notan event which, like the appearance of acomet; breaks suddenly and without ante­cedents into a succession of events, and,passing, leaves no marks behind. It hadits antecedents in the long line of Hebrewprophets" (page 7 I). The birth of Christi­anity is "comparable for sheer magnitudeof influence with such major events asAlexander's conquest, the invention ofprinting, and the discovery of America""I t is not a slight rise of groundin an otherwise flat plain; it is not a moun­tain peak that lifts itself by a few feet abovethe level of the other peaks of the range."He first indicates the meaning of theGolden Rule. "If lowe you $50.00, thatis a matter between you and me. loweit without reference to anyone else" (page140) . But the very universality of theGolden Rule demands that in applying itto anyone person, I shall not forget thoseothers to whom it applies. "I cannot decidewhat I ought to do for other people's chil­dren without considering the welfare ofmy own children."The Golden Rule thus has two meanings,a negative and a positive. "Negatively, itmeans that I shall abstain from conductingmy own affairs to my advantage regardlessof the welfare of others. Positively,it means that I shall not only be polite andcourteous to others because I myself liketo be treated with courtesy, not only thatI shall be a gentleman to all, but that Ishall plan my whole life in such a way thatit shall make the largest contribution to thewelfare of the community."Applied between nations, the GoldenRule means that a nation should "abstainfrom any course of action whichwill work injustice to a neighbor nation orinflict on it any damage save such a damageas being incidental to some larger good, any nation ought to be willing to sufferfor the common good" (page 143)."It is a great event that has profoundlyaffected the history of the race."The Gospel of Jesus would have meantlittle to non-Jewish nations except as it wasinterpreted and translated and adapted."For Paul's interpretation of Jesus, we havereason to be forever grateful.. Withouthim, it is difficult to see how the messageof Jesus could have ever come to the nationsof Europe or to us." But if Paul inter­preted Jesus to his people in terms of theirown life and thinking, it is our duty to dothe same for our age. Each man musthear the Gospel in his own tongue and typeof thought, and interpret Jesus in the termsof his own thinking. "Paul's right andduty is also our right, and not only ourright, but our duty" (page 98).In the second part, "Christianity in theLife of Today," we see Dr. Burton's powerin applying the Christian religion to theproblems of our modern world. "Is theGolden Rule workable between Nations?"-this was one of the many subjects uponwhich Burton spoke with keen insight andlarge vision. Dr. Burton's thought alongthis line is intensely positive and vigorous.I t is in the "positive" application of theGolden Rule between nations that Dr.Burton speaks with a prophetic insightwhich searches the heart in these days oftesting. "The Golden Rule between na­tions demands that each nation shall do itsutmost to maintain at home a pure, strong,healthful life, all classes working, not eachfor its own interest, but all for the interestsof all." But the development of our ownnational life is only half of the Golden Rule.The essential characteristic of. the Christia�nation is that it be ready to share its bless­ings and its knowledge with other nations.I t is in observance of this principle that"we establish schools in other lands, inwhich we teach not only the Bible and the­ology, but the physical sciences, medicine,history, political economy and political sci­ence" (page 145). "It is incumbent on usalso, as need arises, to give them our money,"and help in any time of need. Dr. Burtoncites many instances of the splendid resultsof such help.Is the Golden Rule workable betweennations? The answer is that it is moreworkable between nations than between in­dividuals. When nations set it at naught,the issues are far-reaching and wide-spread­ing. I t is more practicable between nationsthan between individuals because nationsact with more deliberation, less under theinfluences of sudden passion than individ-BOOKS 97uals. We must train ourselves to apply theGolden Rule positively and constructively."The Golden Rule i�-it is the only rulethat is-workable between nations" (page150) .The volume fittingly closes with Dr.Burton's views on the future of Christianeducation in China. Present events in thatcountry are testifying to his remarkable in­sight into this subject.BENJAMIN W. ROBINSONT. V. Smith Salvages an IdealThe American Philosophy of Equality) by T. V. Smith. University of Chicago Press.339 pages. $3.00.IT IS considerably more than fourscore.and seven years since our fathersbrought forth a new nation on thiscontinent. Both continent and nation havechanged almost beyond our fathers' recog­mtion. America has been hewn, plowed,built upon, and ridden across, till she ishardly the same continent. New economicconditions, written and unwritten amend­ments to the law, changed philosophies andchanged ways of living have made a differ­ent United States.Our fathers dedicated their nation "tothe proposition that all men are createdequal." Can we still recognize and applythat principle-and profit by it-or mustit go the way of the other cast-off garmentsof pioneer America?Before venturing an answer, ProfessorT. V. Smith has thought best to study theAmerican doctrine of equality from its be­ginnings. He has looked into those forceswhich gave the idea its start in the col­onies: winter, famine, and Indian . raidsthat would not respect caste; colonists whohad never exactly belonged to the MotherCountry's Four Hundred; influential phi­losophers with a habit of writing about a"state of nature" in which one man hadbeen as good as another.He has studied the uses to which Amer- icans have put the idea of equality: thewinning of independence, the freeing ofslaves, the enfranchisement of women. Hehas not overlooked the dishonesties thathave been committed in equality's name-aswhen slaveholders argued that their negroes,however degraded in this life, were still"equal before God."Meanwhile, Professor Smith observes,the original foundations have fallen outfrom under the American doctrine of equal­ity. Cities, with complex social systems,have replaced the frontier. Darwin and hisfellow-biologists have discovered that mannever lived in an ideally democratic "stateof nature," but is even today fighting offthe savagery, tyranny, and superstition thatalways enslaved him. American philoso­phers and psychologists have concluded thatour "selves" or souls were not handed downto us ready-made, to remain the same for­ever, but have grown up, and are still grow­ing. It can hardly be said, then, that menare created equal.After giving the .first five-sixths of hisbook to a careful examination of the doc­trine of equality, and of its adventuresthrough these episodes of American history,Professor Smith is ready for the question.Shall we say that men are equal?"There are, first, the stubborn facts.98 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEMen do not at first glance seem to be equalin any assignable manner. And what ismore perturbing to the democrat, they donot seem any more equal on the sobersecond thought than at first glance." Thetheory of evolution, in fact, requires in-equality. '"Yet we are not willing to give up a shib­boleth that has been as effective in actionas has equality. Regardless of its factualaccuracy, we know that emblazoned ondemocratic banners it has been one of thoseelectric words that have challenged the in­different, awakened the neutral, inflamedthe zealous. . • This certainly is notthe time to give it up, unless we have grownfaint-hearted regarding. our American ex­periment in democracy. For only withinour generation has the battle been anythinglike won for the machinery of democracy.Men have asserted equality to get the rightto vote, to get the right to sue and be sued,to get the right to a free contract and to afair education. If the assertion of equality. has helped to win the machinery, it oughtto be equally effective in getting some ofthe products of the machinery."If we, however, are to be quite frankwith ourselves, we must indeed know thatthis imminence of a fruitful use of thedemocratic machinery is precisely the reasonfor the weakening in some quarters of demo­cratic sentiments. Noone need be hesitantabout his gifts so long as he is certain thatthey will neither impoverish him nor en­rich his enemy. But the democratic ma-'chinery which as a weapon has come intothe hands of Tom, Dick, and Harry isloaded with dynamite if it can be made tofunction democratically."The present distribution of wealth, pres­ent forms of worship, or the acceptedfamily system, may fall tomorrow at thecommand of a democratic majority that.deems them out-of-date. "The machineryof government has known such service .....These are delicate matters for the presentgeneration; but democracy is a dangerousexperiment in every generation to intereststhat look either to the few or to the pastfor their justification." We can not flatly declare that men areequal. Yet if we flatly deny the proposi­tion, we shall give up an incentive that wehave chosen to inspire us in a great battlenow only partly won.Instead of saying Yes or No and endinghis book, Professor Smith therefore choosesto reinterpret. the old concept of equality­in terms of modern ways of looking at theworld, and to inquire how the idea can bemade to serve our modern needs. Ques­tions that bothered old metaphysicians­what the soul is made of, how it is tiedup with the body, etc.-seem relatively un­important to modern philosophers: "Thequestion is not so much what an individualis as it is what he can do. And from thatchanged emphasis comes easily the next step'-the individual is what he functions as ..What one is can better be determined bywhat he is becoming than by what he hasbeen:"Professor Smith puts the question ofequality in the same way. "Instead of look­ing backward with' the historic inquiry,'Were men created equal or were they equalin a state of nature?' we are to look for­ward. And. instead of inquiring whethermen as static entities ought to be madeequal in the future, we inquire whethermen, as dynamic centers of activity, oughtto be treated equally."� � �Certain "considerations that a democratmay urge in favor of an affirmative answer'"occupy the last fifty pages of the book.Men should be treated equally, ProfessorSmith argues, because they can then co­operate better. A workman it at his bestwhen he feels that he has an equal chancewith other workmen.Men have long realized that co-opera­tion is their only hope of living a rich lifeand of doing the work of the world. Torationalize this desire they have told eachother that men are created equal. Whatthey meant was that men ought to co­operate. The same meaning can serve ustoday. .How far shall we carry this co-operation-this equality of opportunities and of thegood things of life? Professor Smith doesnot pretend to decide. "Since no oneknows for certain what that degree is andsince the only way, we have of finding outis by experimentation, bold experimentationboth at home and abroad ought to be en­couraged by democrats. Those who do notknow, to take a current example, how farindustrial equality can with profit becarried, and yet who wish to know, can notpossibly regard with other feeling than re­gret the unwillingness of at least democraticnations to facilitate. the experiment thatsome, if not a majority, of the Russianpeople have chosen to make."Professor Smith does, however, feel safein suggesting:(I) That all men ought to know "theends for which they must work and fight.""The ends of organized industry, to thefurthering of which the majority of adultsmust in a capitalistic era devote most oftheir waking hours, are formed by a fewcaptains of industry, appreciated by a fewmore, understood by a few more, but areeither unknown or are dimly enough knownto be rebelled against by perhaps the greatmajority of the world's workers. Thismeans that the supreme misfortune that cancome to a man in his work-the tragedy ofbeing obliged to work at that which is notintrinsically interesting-comes to a ma­jority of industrial workers today; for thatcannot be permanently of intrinsic interestwhich is not seen in relation to the humanends it serves." So "dogmas in religion t�okthe place of machines in industry;" and inpolitics, censorship and secret diplomacykeep common men in the dark. What weneed is "an equalizing of education, a pass­ing around of the opportunity to developinsight, and to attain such imagination assees the ideal interrelations of our complexcivilization."(2) That wealth and income be dis­tributed, not equally, but to such an extentthat poverty shall not impair the workman'sefficiency or his intelligence.� � �Professor Smith does not pretend to beas definite or as dogmatic as a doctor writ­ing a prescription. A doctor must firstBOOKS 99know the efficacy of his medicines, and thenature of the disease.We ought not to be disappointed, there­fore, if Professor Smith offers no detailedprogram whereby poverty shall cease topinch, and workmen shall be made to seethe human ends of their work. We arestill a long way from knowing the exactroad to this Utopia. But Professor Smithhas brought us much nearer than we .werebefore.Perhaps we can never reach it; perhapsday-laborers will steadily refuse to see anypurpose in their toil beyond their wagesand their weekly spree. Perhaps the poorand the ignorant would insist on being poorand ignorant, however much wealth andopportunity were distributed among them.Perhaps men will remain unequal and non­co-operative, no matter how equally wetreat them. Perhaps we are right when wewearily conclude that "you can't changehuman nature." But we ought not to ac­cept that formula or any other as finalwithout proof. And proof, one way or theother, lies in intelligent experiment intelli­gently studied. Professor Smith has ex­haustively studied past experiments withequality and urges, as a result of his study,that experiments with equality be continued.If we are to continue such experiments-and Smith's conclusions, based on a li­brary of authentic records, should have con-, siderable weight with us-we ought to pro­ceed by the same method that he has usedin this book. We ought to study the historyof our problem-the ways in which ourpredecessors have tried to deal with it, theirsuccesses and failures. We ought to studythe peculiar conditions of the present day,and their bearing. We ought to reinterpretthe old ideas and methods in the light ofnew conditions, saving as much as can stillbe used to advantage. From Smith and hisbook we can take lessons in careful work­manship, honesty, and the keen study ofmen. From his language and style we canlearn to be swift, to the point, and clear­headed. If we follow his method faith­fully, we can learn to be human.A. H.• • •In lilY 01)llJIOnBy PROFESSOR FRED MILLETTAT THE moment Jim Tully's CircusParade and Ernest Hemingway's Menwithout Women adorn the tables of thefashionably literate. The Saturday Reviewacclaims the "Shakespearean absoluteness"(whatever that may mean) of the latter,and the hand-picked Literary Guild distri­butes the former to tough and tender read­ers alike. To unsuspecting presidents ofwomen's clubs, Jim Tully must prove coarsefare indeed.This hard-fisted pair illustrates at oncethe strong neo-primitive strain in currentart, the difference between the primitiveand the neo-primitive, and in this case .theimmense superiority of the latter. With agenuflection to the anthropologist, I at­tempted definition. The primitive is a man(like Tully) who is unequal to the demandsof a complex society and therefore lives onits ragged edges. The neo-primitive is aman (like Hemingway) who, weary of theover-civilized, escapes from antiseptic de­cencies into alien atmospheres where inhibi­tion is not the order of the day and impulseleads more swiftly to damnation. The dif­ference is (and it is of real importance totheir art) that the primitive is incapable ofcivilization; the neo-primitive knows civili­zation but abjures it.The primitive's contribution to art isalmost bound to be limited to a more orless honest reflection of sides of life whichconventional natures only wonder about,and the value of the contribution is merelythe value of strange and usually brutalmatter. It is obvious, however, that thewriter needs more than coarse experience tomake what he writes interesting. He mustobserve the surface with alertness and fidel­ity, and he must penetrate to the subter­ranean with imagination and intuition. Mr.Tully cannot render even surfaces accurate­ly, and he is able to penetrate the murk ofhis inferno to the extent of perhaps half aninch. His powers of observation may very well be gauged by such gems as "The skywas blue and purple in the west." or "Thesun dazzles over green fields, runningbrooks and distant hills " Tully'ssketches of violent and brutal life on theverge of human society may give the jadeda thrill such as the girl behind the countergets from the latest passional crime, butfor fresh observation, for implication moresubtle than the flattest statements, for someindication of the meaning of even worthlesslives, I turn impatiently away from theprimitive amuck to the neo-primitive atease among his murdered inhibitions.Ernest Hemingway is immensely wearyof decent people and decent ways of living.He, like many a young man before him,is sick of cant about war and sex, sick ofthe pretence that life is an unimaginablyagreeable arrangement. On the vibratingLeviathan of civilization he suffers cosmicsea-sickness. But despite his inadequatereading of life, despite his lack of thatwholeness of which modern man seems in­creasingly impotent, the man writes witha freshness and vividness that no otherAmerican can equal at the moment. Thereare no surfaces more dazzling, no talk morelife-like, than Hemingway's. In some ofthe sketches of Ina ur Time there is noth­ing but surface, and, as R. L. S. said, "Sure­ly there must be more than seeming." Butin the later books, to penetrate the surfacereveals riches of implication and significance.In the neo-primitive fashion, Hemingway'sgrammar and sentence and diction areclose to the level of common speech, buthe has the eye and the insight of the artist.Jim Tully writes, "The sky was blue andpurple in the west." Hemingway writes,"There was much game hanging outsidethe shops, and the snow powdered in thefur of the foxes, and the wind blew theirtails. The deer hung stiff and heavy andempty, and small birds blew in the winds,and the wind turned their feathers."100�be Wnibersitp of C!bicago JMaga?ineEditor and Business �Manager, ALLEN HEALD, '26EDITORIAL BOARD: Commerce and Administration Association-DoNALD P. BEAN,'17; Divinity Association-C. T. HOLMAN, D. B., '16; Doctors' Association-D. J.FISHER, '17, Ph.D., '22; Law Association-CHARLES F. McELROY, A.M., '06, J. D., '15;School of Education Association-LILLIAN STEVENSON, '21; Rush Medical Association­MORRIS FISHBEIN, 'II, M.D., '12.PRESIDENT Mason has set out toremove several influences that deadenthe training of the undergraduate. He pro-poses to free the College deansMembers from their police duties, so thatof the they can guide their studentsFirm more carefully. He proposesto simplify the bookkeeping ofmajors and grade-points, so that- the stu­dents will learn more of the joy of studyfor its own sake.President Mason believes that we canmost enrich the undergraduate's life by mak­ing him a partner in the University's work.The University is engaged with problemsthat vitally concern America's everyday life-problems, for instance, of industry, oflaw, of health, of teaching, of psychology.The undergraduate, with two or threeyears of preparation, will be assigned apart of such a problem. His knowledge ofit will be practical. He will be more athorne in the world because he has grappledwith one of the world's real problems.Partial information sometimes leads toa complete misunderstanding of PresidentMason's plan. An editorial in The Cleve­land Plain Dealer, for example, hurriesto the conclusion that "Chicago hopes todo what Johns Hopkins has already done;dispense with junior college work entirelyand devote all its effort to work of. seniorcollege and graduate school grade"-to theneglect of undergraduates. In answer to such fears, we submit inthis issue Dean Boucher's account of someof the University's recent improvements inits instruction of undergraduates. Whollynew courses, he reports, have been plannedin various departments, with special regardfor the needs of freshmen. "An almost un­believable amount of time and study wasdevoted by Professor Marshall and severalof the members of his department" to theorganization of an introductory course inThe Economic Order. A course in thehistory of civilization is offered to studentsin the Junior Colleges in place of the oldpolitical and military history of WesternEurope. Such evidence as this ought toconvince anybody that undergraduates arenot being ignored at Chicago.Undergraduates at Chicago are learningto join advanced scholars in their attack onlife's problems. Thus, President Masonbelieves, they are learning to live.POL ECON ZERO is no more. Nolonger will the hopeful undergraduate,gaily steering his craft toward Phi BetaKappa, run aground on thathistoric shoal. The HarryPassing Thomases of the future needof Pol not fear ineligibility-from 'thatEconsource.A new orientation course, The EconomicOrder, extending throughout the year andincluding lectures by many professors andThe101102 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEinstructors, will supplant Pol Econ Zero.Professor Leon Carroll Marshall, Head ofthe Department of Economics, will havecharge of the course and win be the mostactive of the group collaborating. Thisis one of the improvements in undergradu­ate instruction cited by Dean Boucher else­where in this issue.Every great step in human progress de­mands that something be abandoned. Someinstitution must always be torn away fromthose who love it; some idol must be dashedto the ground. Else there can be nogrowth. The covered wagon was dear toits driver's heart. He did not realize this,to be sure, until the covered wagon hadbeen relegated to the dumping-ground andthe flivver parked in its place. To OldCharley Van Auken, who came west whenhe was a young man, the covered wagonseemed nothing but a necessary evil. "Theconsarned ' thing," he was once heard tocall it. It jogged and jolted till everyoneof his vertebrae was subluxated-though hecould not have moved to Red Oak, Iowa,without it. To his son, The Covered Wagonis something picturesque, something toread about in a novel, something to con­template in a movie. The flivver is VanAuken Junior's bugaboo. For him it isthe incarnation of that which jolts, thatwhich rattles, that which must be cranked-though he could not get to town, nor could his son be in style at college, withoutit. Yet the flivver, we are told, must gothe way of the covered wagon before long.Then, says an editorial in a recent maga­zine, the flivver itself will become a ro­mantic thing. Van Auken III will forgetthe jars and the kicking crank. He willread historic romances woven about thispicturesque vehicle; he may even see it ina movie. (May heaven deliver him fromthe vitaphone.) The flivver, one of ourdearest institutions-though few of us sus­pect how dear it is-must go.And with the Ford, goes Pol Econ Zero.'Another exile departs for the land of theCovered Wagon, the Spanish galleon, themoustache-cup, and the rest of our aban­doned friends. To us who have toiled withher graphs and her syllabi, Pol seems aprosy schoolmarm. Yet perhaps she toowill acquire her halo, now that she has gone.Perhaps the collateral reading and theflunk-notices will be forgotten, and onlyromance will remain.Dean Boucher says that undergraduateinstruction at the University is of a highercaliber than ever before. Such changes asthis, he says, are necessary to that improve­ment. Yet before we march further towardthe University's ever higher goal, let uspause for a moment, and drop a tear uponthe wayside grave where Pol Econ Zerowill rest forever.A Portrait of Professor TuftsPROFESSOR JAMES HAYDENTUFTS has been so widely repre­sentative .jn the University of Chicagocommunity that its members desire that heshould be commemorated in the groupwhose portraits are now hanging in theUniversity halls.In the classroom, since the doors of the 'University opened, as a truly constructivescholar, as Dean in personal contact withthe students, as member of the SenateCommittee that worked with the Boardof Trustees in selecting two' UniversityPresidents, as Vice-President, as ActingPresident; in the city as a central figure in the successful readjustment of a greatindustry after a prolonged strike, Dr.Tufts embodies in a peculiar degree thelife of the University within and withoutits. walls.The committee which is presenting thisproject to Dr. Tufts' friends asks thateach should follow his own inclination inmaking such contribution as he or shedesires to make, to insure as worthy animage as possible of the figure he has beenin the University's life for more thanthirty years. Checks should be drawn tothe order of J. Spencer Dickerson, Treas­urer, and sent to him in care of The Uni­versity of Chicago.ALUMNIBOUCHER REPORTS TO INDIANAPOLISALUMNICHAUNCEY S. BOUCHER, Dean. of the Colleges of Arts, Literature,and Science, told the Indianapolis AlumniClub, on Thursday, October 20, about theUniversity's plans and achievements in un­dergraduate education.PEORIANS HEAR HOME RULE AUTHORITYTHE PEORIA ALUMNI CLUB en­tertained Professor Jerome G. Kerwinof the Department of Political Science at aluncheon on November 19 at the Creve­coeur Club. Professor Kerwin gave anaccount of recent studies of problems of citygovernment.Los ANGELES DINES BOYNTONAND COWLESPROFESSOR Percy H. Boynton of theEnglish Department and ProfessorHenry C. Cowles, Chairman of the Depart­ment of Botany, will talk before the LosAngeles Alumni on December 20. Theaffair will be a dinner at the UniversityClub of Los Angeles.NATIONAL MEETINGS OF DOCTORSAND MASTERSHOLDERS of Doctors' and Masters'degrees from the University willcome together from all over the countrvthe week after Christmas to meet in fou�cities.Those engaged in the teaching or studyof English, German, the Romance lan­guages, etc., will hold a luncheon on De­cember 29 in Louisville. The affair hasbeen planned as part of the general luncheonto which the University of Louisville hasinvited all members· of the Modern Lan­guage Association; the Association will holdits annual meeting in Louisville that week.Workers in the Classics, German, and other AFFAIRSlanguages will meet in Nashville and inCincinnati in connection with meetings ofphilological and archeological societies.Doctors and Masters in the sciences, inattendance at the meeting of the AmericanAssociation for the Advancement of Scienceat Nashville, will gather to discuss U niver­sity affairs. Historians will take advantageof a national meeting in Washington, D. C.,to hold a similar conference.BOSTON ALUMNI HEAR ABOUTACADEMIC DECADENCETHE Massachusetts Alumni Club en­joyed very greatly the presence of Pro­fessor Robert Morss Lovett at a dinner onNovember 14 at the University Club ofBoston. Professor Lovett talked mostentertainingly on The Decadence of theA cademic Caste.HARLAN T. STETSON, SecretaryUNIVERSITY NEWS OVER THE TEA-CUPSIN BALTIMORETHE Baltimore Alumni Club met fortea on Sunday, November 20. Someof the members, who had visited the U ni­versity last summer, reported the progressof the new buildings.HELEN WESCOTT BARBRE, SecretaryEDUCATORS TALK AT SOUTH BENDAND YPSILANTIPROFESSOR H. C. MORRISON ofthe School of Education, Head of theUniversity Laboratory Schools, talked toalumni living in South Bend and alumniteaching throughout Northern Indiana, ata luncheon in South Bend October 15. W.A. Butcher, '22, A.M. '26, head of thedepartment of history in the South BendHigh School, sponsored the affair.YPSILANTI alumni entertained Pro­fessor W. C. Reavis, Principal of theUniversity High School, at a dinner onNovember ro.103PRESIDENT MASON TALKS TO THE UN­DERGRADU ATES"Nobody can educate you but yourselves,"President Max Mason of the Universityof Chicago told I,500 undergraduates ina general assembly on November I5.'.'1 think we have been wrong in carryinginto college work the policing methods andassumptions of secondary schools. I thinkthat most of us assume that students come tocollege for a serious purpose. I think thatif we assume that you don't, we are edu­cationally off on the wrong foot and we willnever have your confidence and interest. Ifwe try to cram knowledge down yourthroats, of course, you will resist it. Somy appeal today is an appeal to have youbelieve thoroughly that this to-operativesystem is to aid you in determining the char­acter of your later mental processes-to aidyou to become a different person and notto force you. Nobody can educate you butyourselves."We urge upon you the joy and pleasurein learning things if you once get startedin your own field. To most students inAmerica it is a new idea. My hope is thatChicago will be a place where the under­graduate body quickly and rapidly becomesoriented to that thought."There are three universities in Americagreat for their productive scholarship. Theyare Chicago, Harvard, and Columbia; thesethree have stood out head and shouldersabove the rest. And of the three almosteverybody thinks there are two leaders, theUniversity of Chicago in the Middle-Westand Harvard in the East. The realm ofcreative scholarship is very important at theUniversity of Chicago. The very temperof our mentality is influenced by men weterm creative scholars. The very way wethink has been molded by the inculcationof the scientific manner of thinking, by the work of creative scholars of science. Tothem we owe the very temper of the in­tellectual life of the age."Today our scholars in connection withthose of other institutions are laying thefoundations for a more wholesome mannerof thinking. You are a part of this enter­prise and we want you to receive an under­standing of the work of the institution anda joy in the participation in that work.Chicago is a great research institution; ithas a great graduate school. It has, Ifirmly believe, a great undergraduate col­lege, and it is our desire and our will thatwe make this college even greater withyour support, with your mental attitude to­ward intellectual life."We are appealing for co-operation andpartnership from you undergraduates. Thewhole aim of university training is to givethe student mechanism for gaining knowl­edge and the method of solving problems.Not more than about 25 per cent of oureducation should be course taking. Theother 75 per cent should come from yourleading a life of interest in things and people.I t is not the degree, but the attitude ofmind that you take away from the uni­versity, that is important."YERKES MAN "SCOOPS" ENCKE'S COMETPROFESSOR G. Van BIESBROECKof the Yerkes Observatory has securedthe first photograph yet obtained of theEncke's comet at its pending return. Usingthe 24-inch reflector at the Williams Bayobservatory, Professor Van Biesbroeckphotographed the comet, which is IOO,OOOtimes fainter than a star just visible to thenaked eye, in the Constellation Pegasus.The comet belongs to the inner circle of thefamily of the solar system, the outermostpart of its orbit being about 100 millionmiles inside the orbit of Jupiter.104NEW-S OF THEQUADRANGLESBy GEORGE MORGENSTERN, '29, Editor 0 f The PhoenixThe glad days when the wheels that goround at college whir for a while and cometo a dead stop are here. The whirring willmark the period of ex-es, when the factthat God is just and his justice does notsleep forever becomes generally recognizedagain. After that the boys can hop theoutgoing freight and go back to Motherfor eight. (or is it nine P) days, there to for­get frat food, exams, and the other irrita­ations that make a rash across our more orless bright college days. The Yule log,socks on the fireplace, the Christmas tree,bad neckties and a plum pudding jazzedup with corn likker will. just about fill thebill. It may be simple, but it's all not sobad. (Which is no way to talk aboutChristmas in these cynical days, when anyjournalist who knows anything at all goesbrutally out to explode the home stufflegend, and kick Santa Claus down the frontsteps.)The freshman banquet, recently accompl­ished in Hutchinson Commons, wascarried through with all necessary fanfare.The menu, printed in elaborate programsof the evening's doings, was quite breath­taking. There were, so we learn, "roastbeef au jus" and "potatoes appolonaise."This delighted the guests, although whenthe grub appeared it turned out to be justCommons food, despite its exotic nomen­clature and the expatriate sprig of parsleyon the plate. And there were speeches,too, all of them designed for the edificationof the freshmen about to be ushered intothe mysteries of the Green Cap Club. Thekeynote speech was delivered by Mr. BuckyHarris, who forsook business and the crassoccupation of turning honest pennies intoThe Daily Maroon's bank account for thelOSevening, and turned the golden flow of hisrhetoric (which has "sold" so many "pros­peets") to the exposition of idealism. "Iwant you fellows to have ideals," said Mr.Harris. (Laughter.) "Live ideal lives."(Applause and laughter.) "Come on now,fellows,-I'm serious about this." (Pro­longed laughter.) "Idealism is the stuff(laughter )-say, what's so funny? Thisis serious." We are happy to say that MrHarris put across his point in the end. Wecan hope, thanks to his altruistic and high­minded effort, for better things from now onfrom the freshmen.The grey days are on us. The footballteam, in its off moments, may not have beenso good, but whatever its condition, it wasalways something to talk about while itwas around. But it's now no longeraround. The Old Man has given out thebig and little "C"s, the Fifty-fifth StreetBusiness Men's Association i� congress as­sembled has thrown its banquet for the boysso staunch and true, the youngest captainthe Big Ten has ever had has been elected,and the athletes have turned in their suitsand breathed a "Thank God, that's over."Nothing remains to remind you of puntsand passes and jackass plays-except, per­haps, when you watch the boys over at thefrat strip for bed and finally stand bef�reyou in white socks and track suit under­wear, across which is stamped the legend:U. of C. Athletics Dept. And how, asVillon says, we mourn the good old days.Edna St. Vincent Millay, who says inher poetry what this tongue-tied generationcannot say for itself, was decidedly thethree-ring circus of the year in the Mandellecture series.The 1927 Football SeasonBy HERBERT ORIN CRISLER, '22A ssistant Football CoachChicago OpponentsOklahoma 7 13Indiana 13 0furdue 7 6Pennsylvania 13 7Ohio State , 7 13Michigan 0 14Illinois 6 15Wisconsin 12THE University of Chicago partisanscan well feel proud of the showingof their football team during the1927 campaign. With a fine victory overWisconsin on Stagg Field to close the. season the Maroons finished with a record. of four games won and four lost. Byvirtue of the triumph over the BadgersChicago entrenched itself in fourth positionin the Annual Big Ten race. Only thestrong Illinois, Minnesota, and Michiganaggregations finished ahead of the Maroons,a truly remarkable record considering thematerial and the schedule played duringthe year.With Oklahoma, Indiana, Purdue,Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, Illinoisand Wisconsin on successive Saturdays theOld Man faced probably the hardest sched­ule ever prepared during his 36 yearsas Director of the Midway football desti­nies. With such an array of opponents andfalling heir to only average material, criticspredicted a rather drab season for Chicago.In all of his thirty-six years of coachingthe Old Man never had to contend withthe injuries that beset the squad this year.Because of the green material especiallyin the backfield it was necessary to developthe players by.scrimmage. This of coursetook its toll, and added to that the injurieso sustained in the games relegated severalmen to the sidelines during importantcontests.Chicago's debut in the first game of theseason was not very auspicious. Afterestablishing a seven point lead againstOklahoma the Maroons went down indefeat 13 to 7 as the Sooners opened up apassing attack in the final minutes which theinexperienced backfield men were unableto solve. Many Chicago partisans Wentaway with the feeling that the Maroonswere in for a bad season.Faced with the problem of revamping ademoralized squad the Old Man set aboutto prepare for his pupil Pat Page and theHoosiers. During that week real progresswas evidenced. The over-confident Hoo­siers fell before the Maroons 13-0. Libbyan untried Sophomore back, showedpromise in his initial appearance.Cheered. by the first Conference victorythe squad opened practice the fOllowing. week determined to make amends for thedefeat at the hands of Purdue the precedingyear. The Boilermakers fired with theirsplendid victory over Harvard the weekbefore came to Stagg Field to again takethe measure of the Maroons. Welch, theSophomore halfback of Purdue, had a fieldday against Harvard and he had everyintention of repeating against Chicago. Ihad the pleasure of seeing him performagainst Harvard. His apparent gifts ratedhim in my mind as one of the greatest backsI had ever seen. Chicago deserved its 7-6victory over the stubborn Boilermakers.By repelling a desperate attack against theirgoal line and completely stopping thewizard Welch through the efforts and10�:ATHLETICS 107Vincent Libby, Chicago's strong-man half-back, ramming into the Purdue second­ary defense, after thwarting the f1,ltile-loQking fellows on the left.Four Pennsylvania tacklers are after Kyle Anderson's weaving legs, but the Chi­cago half-back steps off enough yardage to bring the ball within scoring distance.108 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEinspiration of Captain Rouse, the Maroonshung up their second Conference victory.The following Monday when the squadassembled it was without the services ofLibby the promising sophomore. He waslost to the team by an injury for the Penn­sylvania game. This, however, was offsetin a measure by the return of Burgesswho was injured early in the season andperformed credibly for the first time againstPurdue. Chicago completely smothered thehidden ball attack of the Quakers and pre­sented to Mr. Stagg the first victory overPenn in seven starts. Captain Rouse againwith the aid of the dependable Wolff andWeislow, Spence, Lewis and Greenebaumin the line, performed admirably. In thebackfield Mendenhall, another sophomoreback, came into his own for the first time.The veterans Anderson, Leyers and Mc­Donough turned in their usual high standardperformance. Spence was lost to the squadthru a serious knee injury for the next twogames.Chicago was next called upon to meetthe Ohio State aggregation. The boys re­turned from Columbus on the short end ofa 13-7 score and very much disappointedbecause they felt that a mistake in the judg­ment of the official was the cause of defeat.Mr. Stagg who rarely questions decisions of the officials was of the notion that thereferee honestly erred on a play that de­prived his boys of the first touchdown ofthe game. Another try for a touchdownaccording to' the officials failed by an inchor so. Everyone on the squad was of thefeeling that Chicago deserved a victory butbreaks which can never be rectified wentagainst them.A battered and bruised squad preparedfor Michigan. It was not until Thursdaybefore the game that many of . the firststring men were able to engage actively inpractice. As the team lined up against theWolverines it was without the services ofAnderson, Raysson, and Mendenhall in thebackfield and Spence and Greenebaum inthe line. Thru the fine plunges by Leyersand excellent drives by Libby the Maroonsplayed on even terms with Michigan thefirst half. As the second half openedRouse was forced to retire with a knee in­jury. Without his splendid inspiration andhis remarkable playing ability the teamwas weakened so that Michigan was ableto score two touchdowns and a 14-0 victory.Leyers was injured early in the secondhalf and had to be taken out of the game.A squad that resembled a hospital listrather than a football team went to Cham­paign to meet the strong Illini. Mend-General John M cDonough� Chicaoo's quarterback, leads a flanking attack, whileone of his men sideswipes the first Michigan arrival,ATHLETICS 109Chicago interference paving the way for a six-yard dash off the Ohio left tackle.H ugh AI en.denhall, Mr. Stagg's brightest sophomore, is the dancerous-lookin aman with the ball.A II the players seemed to be Illinois men when the downstaters started a sweep aroundChicago's outposts. H ere is D' Ambrosio, the Champaign fullback, reconnoiteringthe Maroon right.110 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEenhall and Raysson had not recovered fromthe Ohio game. Rouse's knee failed torespond to treatment enough to permit himto play. Greenebaum with his left arm ina cast was groomed to take the place ofRouse. On the first kickoff he broke hisright thumb but continued to play thruoutmost of the game. It was as fine an ex­hibition of pluck as I have ever seen demon­strated. With both arms injured it is amiracle how he ever passed the ball fromcenter. Chicago owes a lot of respect andadmiration to him for the nne display of grit.The Chicago line was unable to cope withthe well conceived attack of Zuppke. Mc­Donough and Libby played a brilliant gamedefensively. The tackling by these menwas as fine an exhibition as one wouldcare to see. The great strength of Illinoispredominated only 15-6 which indicates howdesperately Chicago fought.Chicago arrived at its greatest strengthfor Wisconsin. McDonough and Greene­baum were the only ones not ready to startthe game. It was gratifying to see the teamdemonstrate the power the coaches felt ithad all during the season. Defensively theboys were superb. The backs were alertand keen, the line charged with excellentaggressiveness against the strong Wisconsin forwards, The passing threat of Rose andCrofoot failed to connect once out of 15attempts. Chicago was clearly superioroffensively. Two scoring opportunities werepresented and Chicago capitalized on both.The punting of Mendenhall was brilliantand the direction of the team by Andersonin the absence of McDonough was excellent.Weislow and Lewis who carried practicallythe entire burden of the tackle positions allseason, turned in a great game. CaptainRouse closed his football career with hisusual high class performance. As a foot­ball center he is excelled by no one I haveever seen. As a sportsman and a gentlemanhe is as fine as any I have had the privilegeof associating with. Departing with Rouseafter enviable service to the Maroon teamwere Wolff, Anderson, McDonough, Apitz,Gre,enebaum, Lewis, Cochran and Heit­mann.The team was a credit to the University,to the alumni and supporters who followedthe destinies of the Maroons. I t was apleasing reflection on the coaching abilityof Mr. Stagg. And in this his thirty-sixthyear, credit him with one more fine team­nne in every respect but above all in sports­manship and the ability to rise against theconstant rebuffs of unfortunate breaks.Kyle Anderson giving the crowds at Champaign a thrill. One of the champion Iiliniis about to check his around-end attempt.OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO ALUMNI CLUBSAMES, IA. Sec., Marion E. Daniells, IowaState College, Ames, la.ATLANTA and DECATUR, GA. (GeorgiaClub). Robert P. McLarty, Healy Build­ing.AUSTIN, TEXAS. Pres., J. M. Kuehne, Uni­versity of Texas.BALTIMORE, MD. Sec., Helen L. Lewis,4014 Penhurst Ave.BOISE VALLEY, IDAHO. Sec., Mrs. J. P.Pope, 1102 N. 9th St., Boise.BOSTON (Massachusetts Club). Sec., MissPriscilla Sanborn, I I Fetlow St., Boston.BOWLING GREEN, Ky. Charlotte Day,West. Ky. State Normal School.CEDAR FALLS and WATERLOO (Iowa). Sec.,E. Grace Rait, Iowa State TeachersCollege, Cedar Falls, Ia.CEDA� RAPIDS, IOWA. Sec., L. R. Abbott,374 S. 21St St.CHARLESTON, ILL. Sec., Miss BlancheThomas, Eastern Illinois State TeachersCollege.CHICAGO ALUMNI CLUB. Sec., ArthurCody, 105 S. LaSalle St.CHICAGO ALUMNAE CLUB. Sec., Ellen Le,Count, 5757 Kenwood Ave.CLEVELAND, '0. Sec., Mrs. F. C. Loweth,1885 E. 75th St.COLUMBUS, O. Sec., Robert E. Mathews,Ohio State University.DALLAS, TEX. Sec., Rachel Foote, 725 Ex­position Ave.DAYTON, OHIO. Sec., Ada Rosenthal, 1034Grand Ave.DENVER (Colorado Club). Sec., BeatriceGilbert, 825 Washington St.DES MOINES, IA. Sec., Ida T. J acobs, IWest High School.DETROIT, MICH. Miss Claudia E Crum­pton, Wardell Hotel, 15 E. Kirby St.EMPORIA, KAN. L. A. Lowther, 617 Ex­change St.GRAND FORKS, N. D. Pres., Dr. John M.Gillette, University of North Dakota.GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. Sec., Mrs. FloydMcNaughton, 130 Mayfield Ave., N. E.HUNTINGTON, W. VA. Sec., Charles E.Hedrick, Marshall College.HONOLULU, T. H. H. R. Jordan, FirstJudicial Circuit.INDIANAPOLIS, IND. Sec., Sue HamiltonYeaton, 3340 N. Meridian St.IOWA CITY, IA. Sec., E. W. Hills, StateUniversity of Iowa. KALAMAZOO, MICH. Sec., James B. Fleu­gel, Peck Building.KANSAS CITY, Mo. Sec., Mary S. Wheeler.,3331 Olive Street.KNOXVILLE, TENN. Sec., Arthur E. Mitch­ell, 415 Castle St.LANSING, MICH. (Central Michigan Club).Sec., Lucy Dell Henry, Mich. State De­partment of Health.LAWRENCE, KAN. Sec., Earl U. Manches­ter, University of Kansas.LEXINGTON, Ky. Sec., Mrs. Chas.A. Nor­ton, Transylvania College.LONG BEACH, CAL. Pres., Herbert F. Ahls­wede, 2606 E. Second St.Los ANGELES, CAL. (So. Cal. Club). Sec.,Harold P. Huls, 1001 Block bldg.Los ANGELES, CAL. (Rush Club) Sec., Dr.W. H. Olds, Cor. 6th and Hill Sts,loUISVILLE, Ky. G. T. Ragsdale, 2000 S.3rd St.MANHATTAN, KAN. Sec., Mrs. Daniel E.Lynch, 1528 Prairie St.MEMPHIS, TENN. Sec., Miss ElizabethWilliford, 1917 Central Ave.MILWAUKEE, WIS. Sec., Miss PriscillaTaylor, 4810 Wisconsin Ave.MINNEAPOLIS-ST. PAUL, MINN. (T winCities Club). Sec., Mrs. Dorothy AugurSiverling, 2910 James Ave. So., Minne­apolis.MONTANA. Sec., Dr. L. G. Dunlap, Ana­conda.MOUNT PLEASANT, MICH. Sec., Miss Ger­trude Gill, Central Michigan NormalSchool.MUSKEGON, MICH. Sec., Mrs. MargaretPort Wollaston, 1299 Jefferson St.NEW ORLEANS, LA. Sec., Mrs. Erna Schnei­der, 4312 South Tonti St.NEW YORK, N. Y. (Alumni Club). Sec.,George S. Leisure, 50 Broadway, NewYork: City.NEW YORK Alumnre Club. Sec., RuthReticker, 126 Claremont Ave., NewYork City.OMAHA (Nebraska Club). Sec., JulietteGriffin, Central High School.PEORIA, ILL. Sec., Anna J. Le.Fevre, Brad­ley Polytechnic Institute.PHILADELPHIA, PA. Isabelle Bronk,Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pa.PITTSBURG, KANSAS. Sec., Dr. F. HaroldRush, 818 S. Broadway.11]Officers of The University of Chicago Alumni Clubs-ContinuedCLASS SECRETARIESPITTSBURGH, PA. Sec., Reinhardt Thies­sen, U. S. Bureau of Mines.PORTLAND, ORE., Sec., Mrs John H. Wake­. field, 1419-31st Ave., S.E.RAPID CITY, S.D. Sec., Della M. Haft,928 Kansas City St.ST. LOUIS, Mo. Sec., L. R. Felker, 5793Westminster Place.SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH. Sec., Hugo B.Anderson, I021 Kearn Bldg.SAN ANTONIO, TEX. Sec., Dr. EldridgeAdams, Moore Building.SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. (Northern California. Club). Sec., Dr. Fred B. Firestone, 1325Octavia St.SEATTLE, WASH. Pres., Robert F. Sandall,612 Alaska Bldg.SIOUX CITY, IA. Sec., C. M. Corbett, 509Second Bank Bldg.SOUTH DAKOTA. Sec., Ionia Rehm, 318S. Spring Ave., Sioux Falls.SPRINGFIELD, ILL. Sec., Miss Lucy C. Wil­liams, 714 First Nat'1 Bank Bldg.TAMPA, FLA. Sec., Miss Georgia Borger,26040 Highland Ave.TERRE HAUTE, IND. Sec., Prof, Edwin M.Bruce, Indiana State Normal School.'93. Herman von Holst, 72 W. Adams St.'94. Horace G. Lozier, 175 W. JacksonBlvd.'95. Charlotte Foye, 5602 Kenwood Ave.'96. Harry W. Stone, 10 S. La Salle St.'97. Donald Trumbull, 231 S. La Salle St.'98. John F. Hagey, First National Bank.'99. Josephine T. Allin, 4805 DorchesterAve.'00. Mrs. Davida Harper Eaton, 5744Kimbark Ave.'01. Marian Fairman,4744 Kenwood Ave.'02. Mrs. Ethel Remick McDowell, 1440E. 66th PI.'03. Agness J. Kaufman, Lewis Institute.'04. Mrs. Ida C. Merriam, 1164 E. 54thPI.'05. Clara H. Taylor, 5925 Indiana Ave.'06. Herbert I. Markham, N. Y. Life Bldg.'07. Helen Norris, 72 W. Adams St.'08. Wellington D. Jones, University ofChicago.'09. Mary E. Courtenay, 1538 E. Mar­quette Rd."ro. Bradford Gill, 208 S. LaSalle St.'II. William H. Kuh, 2001 Elston Ave. TOLEDO, OHIO. Sec., Miss Myra H. Han­son, Belvidere Apts.TOPEKA, KAN. Sec., Anna M. Hulse, To­peka High School.TRI CITIES (Davenport, Ia., Rock Islandand Moline, III.). Sec., Bernice LeClaire, c/o Lend-A-Hand Club, Daven­port.TUCSON, ARIZONA. Pres., J. W. Clarson,Jr., University of Arizona.URBANA, ILL. Sec., Gail F. Moulton, StateGeological Survey.VERMONT. Pres., E. G. Ham, Springfield,Vt.WASHINGTON, D. C. Sec., Mrs. Jessie Nel­son Barber, 3000 Connecticut Ave.WEST SUBURBAN ALUMNAE (Branch ofChicago Alumnae Club). Clarissa Schuy­ler, Oak Park High School.WICHITA, KAN. Pres., A. F. Styles, Kan­sas State Bank.MANILA, P. I. Augustin S. Alonzo, Univ.of the P. I.SOUTH INDIA. A. ]. Saunders, AmericanCollege, Madura, S. I.SHANGHAI, CHINA. Sec., Daniel Chih Fu,. 20 Museum Rd., Shanghai, China.'12 Elizabeth A. Keenan, 739 W. 54thPlace.'13. James A. Donovan, 400 N. MichiganAvenue.'14. John B. Perlee, 232 S. Clark St.'15. Mrs. Phyllis Fay Horton, 1229 E.56th St.'16. Mrs. Dorothy D. Cummings, 7214Yates Ave.'17. Lyndon H. Lesch, 189 W. Madison'18. Mrs. Barbara Miller Simpson, 5842Stony Island Ave.'19. Mrs. Carroll Mason Russell, 1039E. 49th St.'20. Roland Holloway, University of Chi-cago.'21. Enid Townley, 5546 Blackstone Ave.'22. Mina Morrison, 5600 Dorchester Ave.'23. Egil Krogh (Treas.), 1116 E. 54thPlace.'24. Arthur Cody (Pres.); 1149 E. 56thSt.'25. Mrs. Ruth Stagg Lauren, 8159Cornell Ave.'26 Jeannette M. Hayward, 201 S. StoneAve., 'La Grange, III.112One Man Beats 150Donald R. Richberg, of Chicago ['03], and His Fight in the GreatestLawsuit of Our Times-The Railroad Valuation and Rate CaseBy HUGH RUSSELL FRASERReprinted from The Outlook, October 5ONE. man, quiet, deliberate, grim-faced,against one hundred and fifty expertlawyers, won the first encounter in thegreatest legal fight of our time.The field of conflict was the chamberof the Interstate Commerce Commission,and the issue at stake was the basis onwhich the railroads of the United Statesshall' be valued for the purpose of fixingrates.Directly in front of the Commissionbench was a long table.On one side of this table, touching el­bows, man by man, row by row, sat theone hundred and fifty or more counselfor the railroads and public utility corpora-tions.On the other side of the table sat thatone man-Donald R. Richberg, of Chi­cago. He was there to speak for the peopleand the National Conference on RailroadValuation, a Nation-wide organization ofshippers, public officials, and representativesof the public at large. And he was enoughto carry the day.Technically, it was the case of the Gov­ernment of the 'lJ nited States against theSt. Louis and O'Fallon Railroad, a littlenine-mile coal bearing road outside of St.Louis, argued before the Interstate Com­merce Commission for the purpose of secur­ing excess earnings of the railroad. Actual­ly, however, the issue at stake was more far­reaching than that. It was the deep-rootedquestion that has puzzled Congress, therailroads, and the people for twenty years:Shall the railroads and public utilities ofthe United States be allowed to chargerates based on what it cost originally toproduce their properties, or shall rates becharged and earnings made on the basis ofwhat it would cost to reproduce their prop­erties at present-day prices? The victory that lone attorney gainedwas not final. The fight must be carriedto the Supreme Court. And the verdictto be handed down then will profoundlyaffect the economic life of the Americanpeople. I t will turn a new page in Ameri­can history and-more significant still-itwill establish the first basic economic inter­pretation of the Constitution of the UnitedStates.What the case involves to-day is as noth­ing to what it will involve to-morrow.N ow it concerns an investment of some$20,OOO,ooo,ooo-a sum greater than thetotal wealth of the Japanese Empire, greaterthan the total of the National debt, andmore than the original cost of building allthe railroads in the United States. But, ina larger sense, the case involves more thanthat: it involves the market price of allcommodities bought and sold in the country.Scarcely anything can be said to be ex­empt from the after-effects of the decision.A verdict is inevitable by the SupremeCourt, for in perfectly legal form thecase will come to it on appeal from theInterstate Commerce Commission.The railroad and public utility corpora­tions say that, in view of th� decreased val­ue of the dollar, they should be allowed tocharge rates and make earnings based, noton the "original cost" 'of production, but onwhat it would cost to reproduce their prop-erties at, present-day prices. This is calledthe "reproduction new" theory.Opposing this contention of the railroadsand denying its validity is the NationalConference on Railroad Valuation, an or­ganization composed of shippers, public of­ficials and representatives of the public gen­erally. They say that the only fair basisfor earnings and rates is the amount of theoriginal investment, plus improvements that113II4 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEthe railroads have put into their properties.This is known as the "original cost" or"prudent investment" theory.This is the view of Senator Norris, ofNebraska, Chairman of the National Con­ference on Railroad Valuation and itsrepresentative in the Senate.Should the railroads win, they will bepermitted to raise rates to the tune of some$800,000,000 or $1,000,000,000 yearly.Should they lose, they will be obliged toturn enormous sums of money in excessearnings back to the Government, a pro­cedure which they allege will impair thecredit of the railroads and lessen the ef­ficiency of their service to the public.The ultimate verdict, therefore, is vital.I t will not only affect the price of every­thing bought and sold in the country, but,should the railroads win, automaticallyboost the cost of living.Even one of the Commissioners, whenthe railroads had closed their case, inquired,somewhat ironically:"And whom do you represent, Mr.Richberg ?"Instantly came the reply in short, tersesyllables:Sir, my clients may be listed as two greatinterests. The railroads are public high­ways and the public pays the bills that sup­port them. I am here representing a con­siderable fraction of that public, includingseveral great States and cities.A second great interest are the employeesof the railroads: They furnish the actualservice. They keep the railroads going. AndI represent practically all of those em­ployees.There is a third interest, however-theowners of the railroads-and others havespoken here as representing them. But Ithought it ought to be well understood atthe outset that you are not now listening toan opponent of the railroads, but that youare listening to one properly accredited asthe representative of two interests in themthat are greater, even, than ownership.. .The opposing attorneys had stressedthis argument as the basis of the plea for the "reproduction new" theory of railroadvaluation. "Why," they said, "should therailroads be Jorced to charge rates andmake earnings based on the dollars orig­in ally invested in the property when thosedollars have since declined one-third or one­half in value?"The proposition is imposing. No wonderthe State and Federal courts listened to itwith a good deal of respect, and that theSupreme Court went so far as to uphold itin the case of six different public utilities.But the sledge-hammer blows of Richberg'ssimple, homely logic shattered this bogy ofthe railroads. In beginning his attack on it,however, Richberg admits its "impressiva"character :It is an argument that, until plumbed,persuades the casual citizen and fre­quently snares a court.· It is in effect thatthe dollars which the railroads have in­vested have declined in purchasing powerand that hence their invested dollarshould be made $1.50 or more to repre­sent its present purchasing power.But there is both injustice and fal­lacy in the railroad claim. Quite a sim­ple illustration will suffice:Smith and Jones are neighbors. Jonesowns his own house; Smith does not.Smith wants to buy his house-say, in1914. Jones is wealthy and, in neighbor­liness, lends Smith $10,000 and tells himhe will not have to pay him until 1924.So, when 1924 rolls around, Smith comesto Jones and repays him exactly $10,000.But-and here is the basic point-thedollars Jones gave to Smith in 1914 wereworth more to Jones in purchasing powerthan the same dollars he receives fromSmith in 1924. What, then does he do?Does he go to court and demand thatSmith repay him $15,000? Of coursenot. He takes the $10,000 and the debtis wiped off.And the railroads, in attempting toshoulder the public with the "reproduc­tion new" valuation, are doing preciselywhat Jones would' have tried to do hadhe tried to compel Smith to pay $15,000for the original $10,000.NE\vS OF THE CLASSE SAND ASSOCIATIONSCollege'I8-Inez G. Kilton is principal of theJohn G. Whittier School, Long Beach Cal­ifornia.zo-e-Myron E. Jolidon is EmploymentSupervisor with the Standard Oil Com­pany of Indiana, Quincy, Ill. His addressis 435 N. 8th St.'2I-Norman C. Meier, A. M. '22, iscompleting the development of a test forart talent-a five year project carried onwhile serving on the psychology faculty ofthe University of Iowa at Iowa City.'z.r-s-Edith Switzer is the assistant inthe Logansport Public Library, Logansport,Indiana.'22-Mary R. Harrison is Head of theDepartment of Education in Park College,Parkville, Mo. She attended the summersession at Stanford University.'23-Lydia C. Hoeppner is teacher ofmathematics in Nokomis Township HighSchool at Nokomis, Ill.'23- Joel H. George, A. M. '26, isHead of the Department of Astronomy of'Bay City Junior College in Michigan.'23-Nathan Laurence, 620 UniversityPlace, is now organist at Teatro del Lago,Wilmette, Ill., and is doing graduate workat Northwestern University School ofMusic.THE Law School began its twenty-fifthacademic year on October first with anenrollment of 435 students and a facultyof fourteen members. Three new membershave been added to the faculty this year:Edwin Merrick Dodd, Jr., Arthur HaroldKent, and William Lester Eagleton.Professor Dodd, A. B. (Harvard) 1910,LL.B. (Harvard) 1913, practiced in Bos­ton for three years following his gradua-115 '24-Arthur E. Traxler, A. M., is prin­cipal of the Rural High School, Wakefield,Kansas.'24-Evelyn Alverson is teaching Eng­lish in the Proviso Township High School,Maywood, Ill.'24-Claire S. Brereton, 6646 Yale Av­enue, is Assistant to the Examiner of. theUniversity of Chicago.'24--,-G. Gordon Martin, 2281 W.Grand Blvd., Detroit, Michigan, has beentransferred from the Milwaukee Branch ofthe Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company toDetroit, where he is their Service Managerand Adjuster.'23-Walker Kennedy is with the Co­lumbia Steel Corporation in San Francisco.'24-Carol E. Magenheimer, 609 So.Grand Avenue, Los Angeles, is drilling oilwells in Southern California Fields.'25-Nina M. Reason is teaching in theCommercial Department of the ThorntonTownship High School and Junior College,Harvey, Ill.'25-William J. Breit is State Super­visor of Trade and Industrial Education atLittle Rock, Arkansas.Lawtion from the Harvard Law School. Dur­ing 1916- 17 he was on the faculty ofWashington .and Lee University LawSchool; during the war he was on the WarIndustries Board; and at the close of thewar he resumed his practice in Boston. In1922 he became a member of the facultyof the University of Nebraska Law Schooland comes to the University of ChicagoLaw School from that institution. He will116 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEMOSERSHORTHAND COLLEGEA business school of distinctionSpecial Three Months' IntensiveCourse for university graduatesor undergraduates givenquarterlyBulletin on RequestPAUL MOSER, J. D., Ph. B.116 S. Michigan Ave. ChicagoPaul H. Davis, 'II Herbert 1. Markham, Ex. '06Ralph W. Davis, '16 Walter M. Giblin, '2,3MEMBERSNEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGECHICAGO STOCK EXCHANGE37 South LaSalle StreetTelephone Rand. 6280CHICAGOUN IV E R SIT YCOLLEGEThe downtown department of THE UNIVER­SITY OF CHICAGO, II6 S. Michigan Avenue,wishes the Alumni of the University andtheir Iriends to know that it offersEoening, Late Afternoon and Saturday ClassesTwo-Hour Sessions Once or Twice a WeekCourses Credited Towa-rd University DegreesCourses also offered in the evening on theUniversity Quadrangles.Winter Quarter begins January 2Spring Quarter begins April 2For Circular of information AddressThe Dean, University College.University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill.THE YATES - FISHERTEACHERS' AGENCYEstablished 1906PAUL YATES, Manager616-620 SOUTH MICHIGAN AVENUECHICAGOOther Offia; 9II-12 Broadway BuildingPortland, Oregon give Equity I and II, Conflicts of Laws,and Public Utilities.Professor Kent, A. B. (University ofSouthern California) 1917, and J. D. (Le­land Stanford University) 1925, comesfrom the University of Cincinnati LawSchool, where he was a member of thefaculty in 1926-27. Professor Kent wason the faculty of the University of OregonLaw School during 1925-26. He willgive Contracts II, Common Law Pleading,and Taxation, which is a new course.Professor Eagleton, S. B., J. D. is agraduate of the U. S. Naval Academy,1919, and of the University of ChicagoLaw School, 1926.' Upon graduating fromthe Law School, he became associated withhis father and brother in the practice oflaw in Peoria, Illinois. Professor Eagle­ton will give Equity Pleading, Damages,Landlord and Tenant, Wills and Adminis­tration, and Code Pleading.Dean James P. Hall will give Torts andConstitutional Law I and II, as usual. Hehas turned over to Professor Eagleton thecourses in Damages and Persons which hehas been giving the past few years.Professor Floyd R. Mechem is devotinga considerable portion of his time to theRestatement of the Law of Agency, forthe American Law Institute. He will findtime, however, to give the courses in Pri­vate Corporations and Jurisprudence.Agency and Partnership are being given byProfessor Sears.Professor Harry A. Bigelow is engagedin the Restatement of the Law of Property,for the American Law Institute. He willstill continue to give the course in RealProperty and the course in Rights in Land.Professor Ernst Freund, who for sometime past has been working on a book onAdministrative Law, has completed thework and sent it to the press. It will ap­pear in February of next year under thetitle "Administrative Power over Personsand Property." Professor Freund willgive Statutes and Civil Law this comingyear.Professor E. W. Hinton is giving a newcourse this year in Criminal Procedure. Hewill continue to give his cou�ses in Reme-THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 117Touchdownby StaggAu.tographed $2.60 pp. Old Testamentby J. M. P. Smith$7.75 pp.The Chicago Tribune Says:"If you are one of the mob whopassionately attends every footballgame of the season at Stagg Field,passionately stands up when theskyrocket reaches the "Ah-h-h-h-h-h-h " stage, but make a great pre­tense of opening the mouth and sing­ing when the band plays 'Go Chicago'with out any words issuing forth, youwill welcome the University ofChicago Song Book. Words andmusic of all the favorites, includingthe most dashing tunes played bythe rival bands" * * * * *The new songbook wit h theChicago, Blackfriar, Big Ten, andsome eastern songs is only $2.10post paid from the U. of C. Book­store, 5802 Ellis Ave., Chicago.BooksCalendarsC Book-Ends C GiftsPillowsStationery118 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE"1 have had notice of my appoint­ment at ----�-- University and haveaccepted. You may rest assured 1shall endeavor to merit all you havesaid in my favor. IfIneedgoodserv­ice again, I know where to get it."The man who wrote the above re­ceived his Ph. D. in 1926. Throughother means he accepted a minorposition. It remained for The Al­bert Teachers' Agency to secure for Ihim his real job in 1927.Hundreds of University of Chi­cago graduates and graduate stu­dents have been equally fortunate.They are in Colleges, NormalSchools, City and SuburbanSchools,Private Schools- everywhere. Weinvite correspondence or a call.Forty Third Year.The AJlbert Teachers' Agency25 E. Jackson Blvd., Clricago535 Fifth Avenue, New York City'EverythinginLeather GoodsGifts of Luggage or Leatherare always appreciated for inmost cases they last a life time�HiWYORt< EST 1859 CHICAGO dies. Practice, and Evidence. In Januaryof this year Professor Hinton published acase book on Equity Pleading.Professor Frederic C. Woodward, whois now Vice-President of the University,still gives his course in Quasi Contracts,and in addition will meet two sections ofthe Freshman Class for Contracts 1.Professor George G. Bogert, formerlvDean of the Cornell University Law Schooi,who came to the University of ChicagoLaw School in 1925, is giving Trusts,Sales, Personal Property, and Future In­terests.I Professor Kenneth C. Sears, who be­came a member of the faculty last year,_ will give Agency, Partnership, and Bank­ruptcy. Professor Sears was formerly onthe faculty of the University of MissouriSchool of Law, and of Yale Law School.Professor E. W. Puttkammer is 'inEurope at the present time but will returnto his duties at the end of the first termof the winter quarter. He will give Crim­inal Law and Bills and Notes this year.During the past academic year ProfessorPuttkammer was Editor-in-Chief of theIllinois Law Review.Mr. Sidney K. Schiff, Ph. B. '23, ]. D.'23, will give Mortgages in the WinterQuarter.Mr. Claude W. Schutter, ]. D. '23, willgive Insurance in the Fall and Equity IIIin the second term of the Winter.The steady progress of the Law Schoolwill render some addition to the presentquarters necessary in the near future. Itwas necessary last year and again this yearto utilize class rooms in some of the otherbuildings on the campus. A new wingmay be added to the present building, orthe Law School may be housed in a newbuilding on some other part of the campus.R. C. Fulbright, J. D. 'og, has openedan office at 828-30 Transportation Build­ing, Washington, D. C. for the generalpractice of law as a branch of the firm ofFulbright, Crooker and Freeman, Houston,Texas. Mr. Fulbright continues his assoc­iation with the Houston office as hereto­fore. John H. Freeman, ex 'I I, is a mem­ber of the firm in the Houston office.NEWS OF THE CLASSES AND ASSOCIATIONSRush Medical College'67-Frederick D. Morse is living at1041 Tennessee, Lawrence, Kansas.'76-Eugene Smith writes "Doing someoffice practice and making day calls." Heis located. at 7 I 8 Kentucky, Lawrence,Kansas.'78-Albert Goldspohn has retired fromactive practice of Medicine and Surgeryand lives at 6 N. Columbia Street, Naper­ville, Illinois.'82- John M. Dodson is in charge ofBureau of Health and Public Instructionof the American Medical Association, 535N. Dearborn Street, Chicago.'84- John M. Blair is the proprietor ofBlair Sanitarium at 1212-20 N. San JacintoStreet, Houston, Texas.'8S-F. R. Wright is located at 6219Greenfield Avenue, West Allis, Wisconsin.He writes "Still working hard in my pro­fession."'8s-George Deacon is practicing inPasadena, California, where he has beenlocated since April, 1887. His address is703 Citizens Savings Bank Building.'86- Joel C. Brown practices Medicinein Lewistown, Missouri.'86-P. H. Stoops is engaged in the gen­eral practice of Medicine and minor Sur­gery in Ipava, Illinois.'88--,Francis M. Ingalls is in generalpractice in Highland Park, Illinois.'94-Marlin S. McCreight has beenpracticing Medicine at Oskaloosa, Kansas,since 1894.'94- John B. Nason is located at 1207Logan Avenue, Tyrone, Pennsylvania,where he practices Medicine.'94-Lemuel B. Russell, Hoopeston,Illinois, writes "Have stuck to the profes­sion since graduating."'95- T. Z. Ball is a City Health Officerin Crawfordsville, Indiana. He is locatedin the Ben H ur Building.'96-Alex S. Wilson is in general prac­tice at Ideal, Colorado,'97-F. F. Fisk is located in Price, Utah.'97-Henry G. W. Reinhardt, aftertwenty-three years of service as Cook From root - cellarto refrigerationFIFTY YEARS AGO refrigerationwas almost unknown in the meatpacking industry.Then, in 1877, G. F. Swift be­gan to make the first successfulyear-round shipments of freshmeat in refrigerator cars.In doing this he laid the foun­dation for one of the most efficientand economical methods of mar­keting ever devised.An endless chain of refrigera­tion carries Swift & Company'sperishable products to you today'by the shortest and most directroute possible.These products are prepared inrefrigerated packing plants andproduce plants. They are shippedunder refrigeration. They are dis­tributed to local dealers fromrefrigerated branch houses.Only the fullest use of refriger­ation enables Swift & Companyto operate its own economicalsystem of branch house distri­bution. The National Distribu­tion Conference in 1925 foundthis system to be the lowest incost of operation of 17 Wholesaletrades studied. Swift BranchHouses handle perishable prod­ucts at a cost of less than 5 percent of sales-as compared with10 to 20 per cent for most whole­sale trades.Swift & CompanyOwned by more than 47,000 shareholders 119120 TIIE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINECounty Coroner's Physician, has resigned.He will spend the winter in St. Petersburg,Florida.'oo-William H. Walker, Willows,California, is practicing medicine and runn­ing the business side of a prune ranch.'oI-F L. Adair is Professor of Obstet­rics and Gynecology on part time, in theMedical School of the University of Minne­sota at Minneapolis.'or-i-Wilbur M. Avery, formerly ofPaw Paw, Illinois, is now locatedin Men­dota, Illinois.School of EducationREPORT ON STUDY O.F FOSTER CHILDRENMENTION was made in the Magazinelast year of an investigation beingcarried on by Dr. Freeman and Dr. Hol­zinger of the effect of the environment offoster children on their intelligence asmeasured by intelligence tests. The re­sults of this investigation will be publishedas part of the report of the Committee onthe Possibilities and Limitations of Train­ing of the National Society for the Studyof Education of which Dr. Freeman is amember. The report of the Committee isto occupy the two volumes of the 28thYearbook of the Society. The first volume,containing the report of the foster childrenstudy, is now in press.The study revealed a marked relation­ship between the character of the homes inwhich the children were placed and theirgrades on intelligence tests. It was alsofound that children who had been testedat the time of adoption and at a later dateshowed noticeable gains in intelligence.The results of the investigation have led theauthors to conclude that the intelligence, sofar as it can be measured, is affected to animportant extent by the type of trainingand the type of environment to which thechild has been subjected.FACULTY NOTESTwo full-time appointments to the fac­ulty of the College of Education and twopart-time appointments have been made forthe corning year. Assistant Professor Wil- bur L. Beauchamp, who has been connectedwith the University High School for anumber of years and who has given courses.in ed ucation during summer quarters, willnow devote all of his time to collegeclasses. He will give courses in the Teach­ing of Science and the Investigation ofStudy Habits as well as courses in educa­tion for prospective high-school teachers.Mr. Aaron J. Brumbaugh during thepast year has been doing graduate workand giving instruction in the College ofEducation. During 1927-28 he will serveas Assistant Professor of Education and as.Dean in the Colleges of Arts, Literatureand Science. His duty as Dean will be toadvise students registered in the Collegesof Arts, Literature and Science who arepreparing to teach.Mr. Luther C. Gilbert comes to us fromthe University of Virginia where he was amember of the Department of Educationand director of teacher training. Mr. Gil­bert came to the University of Chicago tocarryon graduate work in education andto give courses in education to studentspreparing for secondary-school positions.Mr. Russell L. C. Butsch has been ap­pointed Instructor in Education to givecourses in school administration andcourses to prospective high-school teacherswhile continuing his graduate work for theDoctor's degree. Mr. Butsch was for sixyears principal of junior and senior highschools in Washington.During September Professor Judd andProfessor Works assisted in the state surveyof schools in West Virginia which is beingconducted by L. V. Cavins, Ph.D. '24, Di­rector of the Bureau of Investigation andStatistics in the State Department. Pro­fessor Works, who has recently come to theUniversity of Chicago as Dean of the newLibrary School, gave his special attentionto the organization of the work in theState Department in general and also tothe organization of rural education. Pro­fessor Judd visited, during September, theteacher training institutions in the state andalso some of the high schools.NEWS OF THE CLASSES AND ASSOCIATIONSDoctors of PhilosophyIn Mathematics'19-C. A. Nelson, formerly of JohnHopkins University, has been appointed toan Associate Professorship of Mathematicsat Rutgers College.'21-E. H. Carus is President of theCarus Chemical Company located at LaSalle, Illinois.'2I-Claribel Kendall is an AssistantProfessor of Mathematics at the Universityof Colorado.'2I-Mayme 1. Logsdon, Assistant Pro­fessor of Mathematics at the University ofChicago, has recently returned from a yearand a half abroad on an International Re­search Fellowship.'22-Francis E. Carr has just been pro­moted to a full Professorship of Mathe­matics at Oberlin College.'22-H. S. Everett of Bucknell Univer­sity has been appointed to an ExtensionProfessorship of Mathematics at Chicago,and will, enter upon his duties in Octoberof this year.'23- J. P. Ballantine, formerly of Col­umbia University, is now Assistant Profes­sor of Mathematics at the University ofWashington, Seattle. Mrs. Ballantine, alsoholds a Doctor's Degree from the Univer­sity of Chicago.'23-Neil B. MacLean, formerly of theUniversity of Manitoba, is now connectedwith the Sun Life Insurance Company ofMontre�l.'23-G. E. F. Sherwood, Professor ofMathematics at the University of Califor­nia in Los Angeles, is absent on leave duringthe present semester, spending the time inEurope.'24-Marguerite D. Darkow, afterspending a year abroad, has been filling atemporary vacancy as Instructor in Mathe­matics at Indiana University.'24-Cornelius Gouwens, of Iowa StateCollege at Ames, has been promoted to anAssociate Professorship of Mathematics.'24-L. M. Graves, who for two yearsheld National Research Fellowship, andwas located at Harvard University, has Isrour X,nas Cardor Gift DistinctlyIl1divtdual?If Your Card or GiftConstantly Remindsthe Receiver of You,It Spreads the MostPossible Joy.May We Show You OurIndz"�idual Cards and Gifts?'Woodworth'sBook Store1311 E. 57th St. H. P. 1690TEACHER PLACEMENTSERVICEFISK TEACHERS' AGENCY28 E. Jackson Blvd., Chicago.For many years a leader among teachers'agencies. Our service is nation wide.AMERICAN COLLEGE BUREAU77 W. Washir.gton se., Chicago.A professional teacher placement bureau,limiting its field to colleges and univer­sities.EDUCATION SERVICE811-823 Steger Bldg., Chicago.A bureau chiefly concerned with theplacement of administrative officials,such as financial secretaries, businessmanagers, treasurers, registrars, directorsof Red Cross work, etc.The above organizations are under the man­agement of C. E. Goodell, for nine yearspresident of Franklin CoHege, Ind., andMrs. Bertha Smith Goodell, for thirteen yearssupervisor and teacher of English in the HighSchool of Oak Park, Ill. 121122 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE:Jfave you''.{ound''yoursel.f?ACOLLEG E degree is not always thehoped-for "Open Sesame" to success.Not infrequently, progress after graduation is,impeded by lack of opportunity in one's chosenfield; perhaps by a wrong selection of vocationin the first place.But where a change becomes necessary, thetime employed in former occupations is seldomwholly lost. Arnan is riper, more mature, morecapable of choosing his permanent occupationand making a "go" of it. But he must be sure ofhis ground. He wants to feel that heis makingthe final change-really choosing his life work.The bond business is no "happy huntingground" for misfits, but for men who stoodout in college, and who still retain the spiritand aspirations of youth, it has much to offer.There are few fields of endeavor where soundjudgment based on a sound educational foun­dation and p-ractical contact with the businessworld can be more satisfactorily capitalized.If you would like to know more about thebond business, send for our pamphlet, "TheBond Business as an Occupation, for CollegeMen."ufsk for pamphlet A V-Z 7CHICAGO 1.01 S. La Salle St. NEW YORI( 14 Wa!lSt.PHILADELPHIA I I I South 15th St. DETROIT 60 I Griswold St.CLEVELAND 91.5 Euclid A7Je. ST. LOUIS 319 .North 4t/; St.BOSTON 85 Devonshire St. MILWAUKEE41.5 East Water St,PITTSBURGH 307 Fifth Ave. MINNEAPOLIS 608 Second A7Je., S.HALSEY, STUART&, CO.INCORPORATED now returned to the University of Chicagowhere he is Associate Professor of Mathe­matics.'24-Miidred Hunt, formerly Instructorat Illinois Wesleyan University, is nowAssistant Professor and Acting Head of theDepartment.'24-M. H. Ingraham, of Brown Uni­versity, has been recalled to the Universityof Wisconsin to a full Professorship ofMathematics.'24- J. A. Nyswander, formerly Na­tional Research Fellow in. Mathematics, is.now Assistant Professor at the Universityof Michigan.'24-R. G. Putnam, formerly NationalResearch Fellow, is now Assistant Professorat the New York University.'24- J. H. Taylor, formerly NationalResearch Fellow, is now Assistant Profes­sor of Mathematics at the University ofWisconsin.'25-F. S. Nowlan, formerly of the U ni­versity of Manitoba, is now Assistant Pro­fessor of Mathematics at the U niversity ofBritish Columbia.'25-Echo D. Pepper, Instructor inMathematics at Bryn Mawr College, isabsent on leave due to illness.'2S-H. A. Simmons is Assistant Pro­fessor of Mathematics at NorthwesternUniversity.'26-R. W. Barnard, Assistant Professorof Mathematics at the University of Chi­cago, is on leave of absence under appoint­ment as National Research Fellow, and islocated at Princeton University.'26-Walter Bartky, Instructor inMathematical Astronomy at the Universityof Chicago, has been promoted to an As­sistant Professorship for the next academicyear.'26-A. E. Cooper is Adjunct Professorof Mathematics at the University of Texas.'26-R. H. Garver is Assistant Professorof Mathematics at ·Rochester University.'26�H. R .. Phalen, formerly of ArmourInstitute, is now Professor of Mathematics.at St. Stephens College.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 123Jlj,q NA TlON'S BUILDING STONEHarkness Memorial Residence Halls, Yale University. James Gamble Rogers, Architect.Detail view in one 0/ the Courts showing "Ripple/ace" finish Indiana LimestoneNo Substitute Compares with thisfine Natural StoneCOLLEGE building throughout thecountry shows an ever-increasingtrend toward natural stone. The naturalstone most used for all building purposeson account of its structural merit, beautyand economy, is Indiana Limestone.If you will compare buildings of In'diana Limestone with those of an yothermaterial, you will note the greater andmore lasting beauty which this fine-tex­tured, light-colored limestone gives tothem. So highly is Indiana Limestone re­garded by architects that practically allof their finer public buildings, memorials, churches, and other important struc­tures are built of it.Let us send you a brochure showinga large numberof college and high schoolbuildings of Indiana. Limestone. Thisbooklet will widen your acquaintancewith some of the best college buildingsand enable you to follow your own in'stitution's building program more intelli-gently. .For convenience, fill in your nameand address, below, tear out and mailto Box 819, Service Bureau, IndianaLimestone Company, Bedford, Indiana.124 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINESellingSERENITYAman wants tosell youserenity of mind­one of. the best possiblepossessi ons.He offers to insure anadequate education foryour children.He offers to insure youa sufficient and unfluc ..tua ting income in yourlater years.He offers to create anestate for your family.He offers to make surethat your business �illnot suffer through thedeath of a key executive.He offers to be of greatassistance to you in yourrelations with your em­ployees.Who is he? He is aJohn Hancock Agent. Hedoes not create a need inyou, he fills one. Hiscommodity is future ma­terial security, the basisof serenity of mind.Ask him to come in.��4/fflr�ca.E�P��OF BOSTON. MASSACHUSE.TTSA STRONG COMPANY, Over Sixty Yearsin Business. Liberal as to Contract,Safe and Secu re in Every Way. MARRIAGESENGAGEMENTSBIRTHSDEATHSMARRIAGESTheodore C. Pease, '07, Ph.D. '14, toMarguerite Jenison, August 15, 1927. Athome, 708 Indiana Avenue, Urbana, Illi-nois.Ruth Elizabeth Bowers, '23, to Dr.Eugene C. Piette, September 17, 1927. Athome, 426 N. Taylor Avenue, Oak Park,Illinois.Josephine Maday, '25, to Arthur Hyde,June 25, 1927. At home, 132 Sayre Street,Elizabeth, New Jersey.Gladys Marion Walker, '25, to RobertD. Garden, '25, September 22, 1927. Athome, 422 Englewood Avenue, Chicago.Julius M. Amberson, M.D. '27, to HazelL. Moore, June, I, 1927. At home, 29 I IShakespeare Avenue, Chicago.BIRTHSTo Mr. and Mrs. V. M. King (EstherC. Livingston, ' I 5), a daughter, ElizabethMary, July 31, 1927, at Sioux City, Iowa.To Andrew M. Baird, '21, and Mrs.'Baird (Alta Larson, '22), a daughter, Bar­bara Alta, June 4, 1927, at Evanston, Illi­nors.To John Albert Larson, A.M. '23, andMrs. Larson, a daughter, Carolyn, June 20,1927, at Little Rock, Arkansas.To Albert F. Mecklenburger, J.D. '12,and Mrs. Mecklenburger, a son, Alvin F.,July 26, 1927, at Winnetka, Illinois.DEATHSWilliam H. Bellinger, M.D. '95, August5, 1927, at Peoria, Illinois.Walter S. Hayden, D.B. '03, at 228 ElmStreet, Wellington, Ohio, June I I, 1927.Nora H. McCoart, '20, a teacher in theNewberry School, Chicago, June 27, 1927,at Chicago.How many are 42 1,000 stockholders?An Advertisement oj theAmerican Telephone and Telegraph CompanyON OCTOBER 15th, AmericanTelephone and Telegraph Com­pany checks representing theI pd dividend were mailed to its421,000 stockholders. That is thelargest number of stockholders ofany company in the world.The American Telephone and Tele­graph Company is owned by a greatinvestment democracy.I ts dividend checks are cashed atbanks in every state in the Union,by people representing all trades,stations and professions! No institution is more nation­ally or publicly owned thanthe American Telephone andTelegraph Company, which in turnowns more than 9 I % of the commonstock of the operating companies ofthe Bell national System. The aver­age holding is 26 shares, and no oneperson owns as much as I % of thetotal stock.The Bell' System was developedin the interest of telephone usersand is owned by the public that itserves!L JHundredsof Motors at your serviceIn the modern hotel, elec­trical service includes:LightingElevatorsFansSignal systemsPumping systemsLaundryVacuum cleanersCookingDishwashersVentilating equipment•You will find this mono­gram on many electrlcdevices used in themodern hotel One hundred eighteen million people registered athotels in this country last year. What a diversityof service, rendered by hundreds of thousands ofmen and women, these figures suggest!Back of them, carrying the physical load makingthis service possible, is electricity. By MAZDAlamps, in laundry equipment, dishwashers, eleva­tors, and scores of other conveniences, electricitymakes modern hotel service possible.And only 2Y2 cents of the guest's dollar is neededto pay for this tireless servant.� GENERAL ELECTRIC20l-SSE