· The University of ChicagoMagazineVOLUME VII NUMBER 9JULY 1915Events and DiscussionsThis number, issued in midsummer,completes the year of the MAGAZINE,the next number of which is scheduledto appear on N ovem­ber 1. Subscriberswill please note thefact that only nine issues appear eachyear. A statement to that effect maybe read month by month on the insidecover, but is not so read always, accord­ing to the Business Manager. Thisissue, edited under certain difficulties,the scribe being in Denver for the sum­mer, contains two things to which spe­cial attention may be called.1. The reports of the president ofthe College Association, and the chair­men of committees. These reports arenot perfunctory; they are the summingup of hard work. They are, also.. in­teresting, both for what they tell of sue­cess and for. what they tell of non­success (see b�low).II. The ballot for delegates to theAlumni Council (see last page). Pleasedon't overlook this; sign it and send itin. Also, if anything interesting hashappened to you, state that fact.Our alumni interest is growing stead­ily. Of this there can be, to those whohave watched events year by year, notthe slightest doubt.I t is like wa tchilfgthe hour hand on aclock, or a kettle fullof cold water over a small fire. Buttime does tell. Organization proceeds.Machinery is of no value for itself, itPlease Note!To ThoseInterested is true, and- to congratulate upon com­mittees, or even upon affairs, 'is foolishenough, if the committees and the affairswere all. The Class of 1914, with itssystem, its newspaper, its reunions, isno better than the class of 1895, withnothing as a class but its memories.Y et behind the system and the reunionsis a spirit working, which has a chanceto show, and to develop. A man or awoman who attended the Universityfor a year, who never replied to a post­card announcing a reunion, never at­tended a dinner, never knew what be­came of one of those in college with himor her, is quite as likely to do somethingfor the world as he who never misseda chance to foregather, and knows sevenout of ten who. wandered with himthrough the grove of Academies. But ishe o.r is she quite as likely to do. some­thing for the university which did itsbest for him? And in the long run isnot the University utterly dependent onits alumni? A university is its alumni-that is, its undergraduates multipliedby its faculty. Buildings are nothing;games are less than nothing; rules andmethods are incidental. Opportunity,contact, and inspiration are everything.You to whom the University gave noth­ing, owe her nothing; you to whom shegave training, or companionship, orfriends, or vision, owe her service. Thealumni associations offer a chance tofocus and unite that service. To neglectthem is to avoid responsibility,274 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEThe next college year. is the twenty­fifth of the corporate existence of theUniversity. In June it will be celebratedby reunions and ex-Next Year ercises an a quite un-usual scale. It is nottao. early now far you to. plan to come.Every issue of the MAGAZINE from nextN ovember will reiterate that statement.As for the MAGAZINE itself,' it is lookingforward. It will be published an thefirst rather than late in the month. Itwill contain Cl: series of articles an Begin­nings at the University, which will beworth keeping as well as reading. Itwill contain another series an Alumniin the Professions, which will at leasttry to. shaw in haw many ways Chicagomen and women have affected their en­vironment. It will contain alumni newson a larger scale. I t will contain morepictures. We hope to double our sub­scription list, because with more sub­scribers we can give a better magazine.But if we do not double the list, or evenincrease it, we can still live, and, wehope, do. better by you,The receipts of the Alumni Club LoanFund continue to grow. On June 15there were 108 paid-Up members of theAlumni Club, fromeach of whose rnem­bership fees $1.50was applied to. theFund. At that timealso six alumni, including C. F. Axelson,LeRoy Baldridge, Arthur A. Goes, A.L. Hopkins, W. H. Kuh and SamuelMacClintock, had subscribed a total af'$67 to. the fund, though no subscriptionshad yet been asked for, Since then, ata series of meetings at the City Club,regulations governing the managementof the fund were adapted, and a cam­paign far subscriptions was determinedupon to continue throughout the sum­mer. There are twa things men livingin Chicago. may do:( 1 ) Jain the Alumni Club, with duesof $5.00 a year, which includes subscrib-The AlumniClub LoanFund ing to MAGAZINE and $1 -. 50 to the LoanFund, "but docs nat include the price ofthe semi-annual dinners. Send checksto. C. F. Axelson, Secretary- Treasurer,900 The Rookery, Chicago.(2) Subscribe any amount from $1.00up to the Fund. Send checks to GeorgeO. Fairweather, 134 S. LaSalle St.,Chicago.Details af the Fund, as given in thecircular sent out to' alumni, will be foundon page 295.Alumni AffairsA luncheon attended by 48 membersof the Chicago Alumni Club was heldat Vogelsang's on Friday, July 15, com­plimentary to. Harry Hansen, '09. Han­sen had just returned from the Europeanwar zone, where he has been servingsince July, 1914, as a correspondent .forthe Chicago Daily News. The meetingwas full of interest to those who at­tended. Hansen touched upon the inter­esting phases of his experiences, begin­ning with the early days of the invasionof Belgium when, with Irving Cobb andJohn T. McCutcheon, he went to viewthe war in a taxi-cab. Later Hansenwith his friends was a prisoner and sentto. Germany. He was subsequently re­leased and spent some time behind theFrench lines, also. in Italy and in Austria,and returned to this country via Eng­land.The Indianapolis Alumni Club haselected the following officers: President,Margaret Donnan; vice-president, Hal­lie Jennings; secretary-treasurer, OliveHagely, 1027 N. Keystone avenue,Indianapolis. Three informal meetingsand the animal meeting have been heldthis year, the annual meeting on May 14following a chicken dinner at the Coun­try Club. The Club is small but aliveand has best hopes for _ a prosperousfuture. Florence Moonson,ex-Secretary.COLLEGE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION REPORT 275The Annual Report of the President of the- College Alumni AssociationAt the risk possibly of boring the reader,I am submitting for perusal the reports ofthe chairmen of the various committees of theExecutive Committee of the College AlumniAssociation, read at the last meeting, held inJune. I hope they will be read, that it maybe known what the Executive Committee hasbeen planning and doing during the past year.Last year we had three aims: a general re­organization of the association, which necessi­tated a new constitution; a general awakeningof interest among the alumni body and a bigreunion in June. In the first and last we suc­ceeded, and in the second we succeeded to acertain degree. We also had on our handsa financial problem where the magazine wasconcerned, for although it is published by theAlumni Council, the greatest income for itssupport is derived from the College Associa­tion, and theirs is the greatest responsibility.The University, as readers know from thecolumns of a past issue, generously came toour aid and solved the difficulty for us.This year the Executive Committee set outwith four definite aims. First, to arouseinterest in the magazine; second, to securememberships for the college association andto increase the interest and enthusiasm amongthe general alumni body; third, to organizethe classes and secure definite class lists, bothof graduates and "ex's" (incidental with thiswas the promotion of the various class re­unions); and fourth, to stimulate the variousalumni clubs all over the country.The year has ended and although we havenot accomplished all we planned, we havedone some definite and effective work andhave demonstrated that if there is inertia andapathy among the alumni it is because theirinterest and loyalty lies dormant and not be",:cause it is lacking. The members of theexecutive committee are all to be congratu­lated upon their work and its success, andas one reads these various reports he will seewhat a vast amount of time, thought and un­selfish labor they have given during the year.Possibly the reader's own interest will bestimulated and he may realize there is some­thing which he may contribute in the future.Certainly those of us who have worked to­gether during the past two years have agreater love and loyalty for "old Chicago"than we could ever have otherwise had.Miss Alice Greenacre, '09, although a busylawyer, has done an admirable piece of workin getting the class lists and organizing theclasses, The work is only just begun, but shehas pointed the way, and given us a wealth ofmaterial.Harold Swift, '07, as chairman of the com­mittee on membership and publicity, appliedsome of his business methods to the organi­zation of his campaign, securing not only 428subscriptions, but pointing out the way forthe future. - Our finance committee started the year withno special aim and we are to be congratulatedin having in Samuel MacClintock, "96, a manwho speedily found a splendid one. The re­sult was the investigation of many collegesand universities along the line of alumni giftsand donations. We are sorry that the AlumniClub stole our thunder, but we congratulatethem for taking up so worthy a cause andwish them a big response. I believe with Mr.MacClintock, that the association and theclubs will grow faster if they have a biggerideal to strive for than just their own ex­istence.S. Edwin Earle, '11, with his capable com­mittee, did a far reaching piece of work inthe alumni reunions. The keynote this yearwas intentionally simplicity, since next yearis the big "25th" celebration, and our aimand his aim was to get alumni "back to thecampus" this year. How well he succeededthose who were present know.No actual work was done in promotingalumni clubs, but plans were laid for an earlystart next fall. And finally comes thetreasurer's report. It is most gratifying. Ourmembership shows a big increase and for thefirst time we really have money in the bank.Mr. Moulds is to be congratulated on hishandling of our affairs. We have an up-to­date alumni office in the Press building on thecampus, where all our files and records arekept, and Mr. Moulds would be glad to seeany alumnus at any time. Keep in touch!This concludes my report, and my work aspresident. It has been most enjoyable. I haveone big wish-to see our membership morethan doubled next year and to see your inter­est increased ten fold. If you have any sug­gestions to make to us at any time, makethem; if you have any complaints to make,feel free to offer them. Use the columns ofthis MAGAZINE. Help us to give it personalityand life. Help us to make the association areal live body.Respectfully submitted,AGNES R. WAYMAN.Report of the Committee on Membershipand PublicityMiss Agnes Wayman, President,University of Chicago College AlumniAssociation:In accordance with your request, I herewithsubmit my report as chairman of the com­mittee on membership and publicity of theassociation.My committee consits of: Miss Alice Green­acre, '11; Messrs. W m. Scott Bond, '97; FrankMcN air, '03; Harold H. Swift, '07.You appointed me chairman of this com­mittee on November 27th, and requested me inaccordance with the by-laws of our Associa­tion to appoint members of my committee,which I did, and these were ratified at a regu-276 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHIcAGO MAGAZINElar meeting of the executive committee of theAssociation.Because of the uncertainty as to the propermethod of procedure and the impossibility ofestimating definitely the expenses, the chair­man of the committee suggested that the com­mittee be allowed 15 cents for each member­ship to the Association and subscription to theALUMNI MAGAZINE secured directly by thecommittee's efforts. This suggestion also wasratified by the executive committee and hasworked out satisfactorily and without profitto the committee.We arranged:First: To get out circular letters; and wesent a total of 5,902 circular letters, whichwent to all of the graduates of the collegedepartment of the University of Chicago,whose addresses we were able to obtain: Inthe number also were included some ex-mem­bers who had been in the college departmentof the University a reasonable length of timeand from whom we thought we might getreturns.Only 111 memberships and subscriptions tothe MAGAZINE were sent in, in the return en­velopes accompanying our letters, and whichwere, therefore, directly traceable to our let­ter.Because of the cost of getting up letters, ad­dressing same and postage, considering thereturns that were secured, the commitee feltstrongly that circularizing by letter is im­practical when there is any other method ofapproaching the problem.Second: We, therefore, employed a so­licitor to work the city of Chicago, a recentgraduate of the University of Chicago, whowas well informed on general university af­fairs and could interest the alumni in studentmatters, and instructed him to do two things:(a) Try to secure memberships and sub-·scriptions to the MAGAZINE.(b) Talk "Chicago" and try to interestalumni who had gotten out of touch withthings.Our solicitor worked twelve weeks and fourdays and secured 317 memberships and sub­scriptions to the MAGAZINE, as well as manypromises which should bear fruit later.Total salary and expenses of the solicitorwere figured and it was proved that by thismethod, the 317 memberships and subscrip­tions to the MAGAZINE were gotten at a costper subscriber equivalent to only 25 per centof the cost per subscriber secured through cir­cular letter.Your committee, therefore, respectfully re­ports the securing of 428 members and sub­scribers to the MAGAZINE, which at 15 centseach, makes a total of $64.20, and bill has ac­cordingly been sent to the secretary-treasurer.The committee naturally wishes it couldhave got more members and subscribers, butfeels at the same time that its work has beensuccessful, provided we are able through thepresent members in the association and sub­scribers to the MAGAZINE, the business officeof the Association, and the business office of the MAGAZINE to get increased membershipsand subscriptions to the MAGAZINE at a nom­inal cost.oIn other words, there was a total of moremoney expended than will return to either theassociation or the MAGAZINE in a year and ifthe result of our activities is of only a year'sduration, the time, energy and money havenot been on a legitimate business basis. If,however, the work can be looked upon as mis­sionary work which will have a lasting effect,the committee will feel that its efforts havebeen fully rewarded.Especial thanks should be returned to Mr.Frank MeN air, who received more subscrip­tions through his individual efforts than anyother member of the committee.Circular LettersCircular letters mailed 5,902Subscriptions secured 111Expense-Postage $120.04Addressing 45.33Printing 75.67$241.04Average cost of securing subscriptions,each 2.17Solicitation by Lloyd L. NeffSubscriptions secured 317Expense-Salary 12 weeks and 4 days $152.00Expense 9.88$161.88Average cost of securing subscriptions .51RecapitulationCostLetters $241.04Neff 161.88 Subcriptions111317 Avg.Cost$2.17.51Total $402.92 428 $0.94Respectfully submitted,HAROLD H. SWIFT, Chairman.Report of the Secretary-TreasurerThe Executive Committee of the CollegeAlumni Association:I beg to submit the following report asSecretary-Treasurer of the College Alumni As­sociation for the year 1914-15:Financial StatementReceiptsFrom previous treasurer... . . . $261.57From Alumni Council forstamps 7.01From Alumni Council formemberships-For December $ 54.00For January 52.00For February 78.00For March :.. 95.65For April 98.66For May 133.83 512.14$780.72COLLEGE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION REPORT 277ExpendituresTo the Alumni .Council $ 61.86(for expense' in connectionwi th taking a vote by maillast year during the SpringQuarter, 1914, for officers ofthe Association)Beatrice Davies 14.60(for preparing class lists)The University of Chicago... 77.00(for stamps for the reunionannouncement)Harold H. Swift (428 mem-berships at 15c)............ 64.20 $217.66Balance in the bank June 28,1915 $563.06Due from the Alumni Councilfor memberships received inJune � . 106.94Total funds available June 28 $770.00Note.-Although only $77.00 has beenactually paid out for the expenses of the re­union, $125.00 was appropriated, leaving a bal­ance of $48.00 still to be paid out for the billsincurred by the reunion committees. Likewise,$25.00 was appropriated for preparing classlists, whereas only $14.60 has thus far beenpaid out, leaving a balance of $10.40..M ember ship StatementDuring the year there have been member­ship expirations as follows:Re- Not re-newed newedNovember .......... 64 52 12December .......... 103 79 24January ............ 146 132 14February ........... 68 54 14March ...... .... .... 148 119 29April ............... 204 145 59May ................ 78 46 32Total ............ 811 627 184In June there were 76 expirations, but sincethe notices went out at the end of last week,there has not been time for returns fromthem, and it is, therefore, fair to considerthem still as active members. Counting these,we have at this date, 1,286 active members.In this connection the committee will be inter­ested to know that the MAGAZINE now has 1,764active subscribers as compared with 1,201January 5, 1915, a net gain of 46.8 per cent inthe six months.After reviewing the year's activities we havethe satisfaction of knowing that certain definiteand concrete results have been accomplished.The Finance Committee has made an exhaust­ive study of the purposes of alumni fundsand how they are obtained in other institu ...tions. This committee has been fortunate inhaving as its chairman and among its mem­bers some of the earlier alumni, whose ad­ministrative experience and breadth of viewhave given them the courage to consider thesubject of alumni finances in a big way. Theyhave obtained for this Association exactly theinformation we shall need as a basis for fu- ture work along this line. The recent actionof the Chicago Alumni Club is an instance ofhow the work of the Finance Committee hasalready produced results. The Class Organi­zations Committee has undertaken the prepara­tion of complete class lists. Such lists havealready been' made for more than one-third efthe classes. Probably no one except MissGreenacre realizes the amount of detail in­volved in the preparation of these lists. Thesuccess of the 1915 Reunion was in itself thebest evidence of the untiring effort and thedetailed preparation of the Reunion Commit­tee. The result was precisely the kind of a re­union that we had all hoped for. The Mem­bership Committee in addition to securing 428new members has also solved the problem ofhow this work can best be done. Without thegenerosity of the committee we should nothave been able to undertake the publicity workin anywhere near as extensive a fashion aswe have done, and we should not so wellknow how to undertake the work in thefuture.In the beginning of the year it was ourhope to be able to bring about some sort ofworking arrangement between the ChicagoAlumni Club and the Association, which wouldresult in better harmony and less conflict ofinterests in the promotion campaigns, Thisdesire has been very largely accomplished andwe have now the very satisfactory arrange­ment whereby a man who pays his annualdues in the Chicago Alumni Club thereby paysalso his dues in the Association and his sub­scription to the MAGAZINE. It is to be hopedthat a similar arrangement may be made nextyear with the Alumnae Club so that the ef­forts of all three organizations shall be con­centrated .In view of the fact that we were handi­capped by a late start (you will recall that wereally did not get going until January) it isencouraging to know that we have made again of 46.8 per cent in the number of sub­scribers for the MAGAZINE�for the larger partof which the College Association is responsible.Notwithstanding the success of the pastyear, we must bear in mind the fact that wehave but made the beginning and have merelylaid the foundations for a greater work nextyear. No doubt we all realize that to carrythis work on satisfactorily next year, we shallneed the earnest co-operation of every mem­ber of the Executive Committee and of everyalumnus interested in the welfare of the Uni­versity.Respectfully submitted,JOHN F. MOULDSS ecretary- TreasurerReport of the Finance CommitteeMy dear Miss Wayman:Your Finance Committee found itself, lastfall, in the embarrassing position of havingnothing to do. The arrangement with theAlumni Council by which a stated proportionof the subscriptions received for the MAGAZINEwere turned over to the Association, provided278 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEsufficient funds for the limited activities whichthe Executive Committee had laid out for theAssociation.As your committee studied, somewhat, thissituation as related to finances, it became ap­parent that the Alumni Association did notundertake some things which might veryproperly fall within the scope of its activities,and which were not being undertaken by anyother organization affiliated with the Univer­sity. In other words it became apparent thatthe Alumni Association and the individualalumni and ex-students were doing nothingfor the institution which gave them a collegeeducation. Your committee thereupon setabout to see what the alumni associations ofother institutions, particularly the older insti­tutions in the East, were doing, and found thatmost of them contributed very materially, insome form or other, to their alma maters.Data have been secured with regard to thefollowing institutions: Princeton, Pennsyl­vania, Columbia, Dartmouth, Tulane, Welles­ley, California, Yale, Cornell, WorcesterPolytechnic, Rutgers, Harvard, and Massa­chusetts Tech. It was found that some ofthese institutions were raising large fundsfrom their alumni every year for some kindof help, Yale raising on an average in recentyears $150,000 each year.The chief uses to which these alumni fundsare put are as follows:1. General endowment.2. Specific purposes, such as dormitories,professorships, scholarships, athletic grounds,student loan funds, etc.A statement was made of such activities tothe Chicago Alumni Club at one of its din­ners toward the end of April last, and the ideamet with a very hearty response. A commit­tee was appointed that evening to r eceivefunds from the members of this club, theproceeds to be used in a students' loan andscholarship fund.I t presumably does not fall within the scopeof this committee, whose tenure of office isup at this time, to outline a plan by whichChicago alumni generally can be interested insuch a work, but it is the belief of your com­mittee that a comprehensive plan should bedrawn up and put into execution early nextfall. Wherever there are local Chicago alumniclubs it would probably be best to work inconjunction with them, but where such clubsdo not exist, the individual alumni membersand ex-students should be appealed to directfrom headquarters or through class secre­taries.An active campaign should be gotten underway in view of the interest and importancewhich will be aroused during the coming yearon account of the twenty-fifth anniversary ofthe University.The Finance Sub-Committee of the Execu­tive Committee is made up of Frank W. Dig­nan Miss Agnes Wayman, John F. Hagey,Mis's Josephine T. Allin, and the undersigned.Respectfully submitted,SAMUEL MCCLINTOCK Report of the Reunion CommitteeTo the Executive Committee of the CollegeAlumni Association:In behalf of the members of the committeein charge of this year's Reunion, I submit thefollowing report, which narrates most of thedetails, and makes recommendations for thefuture based on our experiences. The successof the Reunion always depends on the co-op­eration of the committee members and the en­thusiasm aroused by the different classes andfraternities. I wish to express my heartythanks to the members of the committee whoworked untiringly, and to the many others,whose great help made the 1915 Reunion thesuccess that it was.The committee was appointed by your chair­man after consultation with the representativesof your organization, and met in March toformulate the plans. The committee includedLawrence Whiting, Harold Goettler, HiramKennicott, Alice Greenacre, and Hazel Still ..man. _At the first meeting it was felt that theUniversity Sing would be the main attraction.Several classes would hold reunion meetings;and in its completed form the program also in­cluded the College Alumni Association meet­ing, the Law and Ph.D. meetings, the Phi BetaKappa meeting, the W. A. A. and Annual "C"banquets, the Alumnae Luncheon, a band con­cert preceding and an informal dance follow­ing the' Sing, and a reception given by theReynolds Club.The work of the committee was divided,with each member a sub-committee chairman,as follows:Mr. Whiting, University Sing.Mr. Goettler, Arrangements.Mr. Kennicott, Publicity.Miss Greenacre, Class Reunions.Miss Stillman, Alumnae Luncheon.Our publicity chairman coined a phrasewhich we used at every chance, "Come Backto the Campus." The war prevented our get­ting many stories in the city dailies, but wehad five at different intervals. THE U NIVER­SITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE and The DailyMaroon published stories. The first week inJune we sent a striking folder, with the com­plete program, out to the 8,500 men and w0!ll.enwho have received degrees. The fraternitiesnotified their alumni of the Sing and some evensent four and five notices. The classes thathad reunions circularized their lists and theClass of 1911 through its publication, "TheEleven" called its members to "Come Back tothe Ca�pus." Our recommendations for pub­licity next year include a continuance of thesame policy in hopes of more extensive news­paper stories.Naturally the Sing and Arrangements com­mittees worked hand in hand, and the suc­cess of the Sing was due in a large measureto the efforts of Mr. Whiting and Mr. Goet­tier. Two 1914 graduates, who were in thegraduate schools, were added to the Sing com­mittee-Earle Shilton and Roderick Peattie.By letter the fraternities were early advisedCOLLEGE AL[)MNI ASSOCIATION' REPORT Cof the date of the Sing, and instructed to ap­point their.different members to the Sing, Com­mittee to confer with Shilton and Peattieabout all the details. In that way we securedtheir immediate co-operation and also madeit easy for the organizations to learn at firsthand the necessary details.In our attempt to have the university womenrepresented in the Sing we appointed HelenRicketts, '15, to organize them for one num­ber on the program. The plan worked andshowed the possibilities of the women's takinga part in the Sing.The Sing Committee, resolving not to let theoccasion drag; scheduled the organizations atsix, seven and eight-minute intervals, and alsoscheduled the time and place in HutchinsonCourt for mobilizing. The complete schedulewas then given out. As a result the Sing fin­ished thirty-one minutes ahead of time, run­ning from 7 :53 to 9 :55. On this point werecommend that the organizations be put ona six-minute schedule, and end with thechimes playing the Alma Mater at 10 :05.Instead of announcing organizations byvoice, we innovated a screen in the northwestcorner of the court and flashed the names onit. We believe this proved successful becauseit prevented delay, and allowed everyone atall times to know who were singing.We attempted to add some University songsto the program but had mediocre success.After considering many ways, we planned toflash the song on the screen, and to have anoctette start the Sing in the crowd. The hitchin' the plans was the non-appearance of theoctette when wanted, and the songs were onlyhalf heartedly sung. We believe that thesame plans, slightly changed, would work. Aslide reading something like this, "Now it'syour turn to sing a Chicago song" could beflashed just before the song and an octette ora quartette should stood by the screen to leadthe crowd.The Sing ended with President Judson's pic­ture flashed on the screen, and the AlmaMater. The President and several of theTrustees were our guests with seats on thebalcony just outside of the Reynolds Club.An informal dance followed in the ReynoldsClub, and inasmuch as the evening was socool, everyone stayed for it. We arrangedfor music on two floors, with the club-roomsgiven to us without charge, except for thehelp. The Club also gave us thirty gallons offrappe without charge except for the helpto serve it. So the dance also proved a suc­cess and we recommend it as a splendid end­ing to the Sing, though with the considerationof the gymnasium as the place for it.Besides the arrangements mentioned abovewe arranged a dinner in the Commons-calledthe "Class of 1492" Dinner-at six o'clock thenight of the Sing, for the convenience of thosewho would probably attend and who were notmembers of the fraternities holding alumnidinners. At 7 :30 the University Band gave atwenty-minute concert in Hutchinson Court.For the convenience of the guests we had ush- 279ers from the undergraduate body in differentparts of the Court; also an information deskwhich served for registration and a means ofsecuring subscriptions to the MAGAZINE.We erected bleachers on the south side ofthe Court, but these were not high enoughover the peoples' heads to be of real value.Weare inclined to feel that this arrangementis not worth while.The Y. W. C. L. were given the privilegeof a booth to sell candy, ice cream, and pop­corn, and we helped their cause with an ad­vertisement flashed periodically on the screen.The University Sing has become a vital andmost interesting institution at the Universityand among its followers. The committee feltthis and felt repaid when 5,000 people attended.As I said in the first part of this report, wefound the Sing and the class reunions werethe features of the 1915 Reunion. As for thereunions, I honestly feel that they were verysuccess ful. Some were small, but these wereof classes that never had class organization incollege or afterwards. Miss Greenacre, whowas in charge of the reunions, worked harderthan one can imagine compiling lists, check­ing up the people in charge, and then inspiringthem to a continuance of their efforts. Shewill report at length to the College Associationand I shall therefore not duplicate her state­ments.As for the Alumnae Luncheon, it was verysuccessful. Miss Stillman had charge of itand naturally worked independently of thecommittee.In conclusion we hope that our duties weredischarged to your satisfaction and we standready to aid, if possible, in any future re-unions. For the committee,S. EDWIN EARLEGeneral ChairmanReport of Class Reunions CommitteeThe work of the committee on class re­unions, so far as the now retiring commit­tee has seen it, is twofold: To organizethe alumni body by class units or divisionswith class officers or committees as sub­officers under this committee and for theirrespective divisions in any work of thegeneral association; and in the second placeto take in charge and arrange for the classreunion parties of the current year.The scheme of reunions used this yearand heretofore is for reunions of the classesof a standing of 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, and further5-year periods. At one time another systemof class reunions was discussed and itsadoption recommended to the College Asso­ciation, but this committee recommends thecontinuation of this present system.As to the committee organization of itssuccessor, it further suggests that the chair­man (who is required to be a member ufthe Executive Committee of the CollegeAlumni Association) be a person not be­longing to anyone of the reunion classesand that the chairman be allowed to in­crease the committee beyond the required280 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEthree to include one member fro�'n eachreunion class and one man and one womanat large. And that if feasible the mel r:bersfrom the reunion classes he the class chair-men for their respective classes.Reunions Held This Year1895 had no reunion. Their committeereported that five years ago a considerableeffort was made toward a reunion dinnerand that then only two members of thecommittee-twin sisters-came to the din­ner. On account of this previous experi­ence, they thought the spending of anymoney in publicity a considerable extra va­gance. However, a date for a dinner andthe name and address of Dr. Ralph \,\T ebsterwas published for that class in the generalcirculars. He received one regret and 110acceptances. The explanation given is thatno member of this class attended the U ni­versity of Chicago .more than two yearsand that all had other previous collegeconnections. They expressed some inter­est, however, in any scheme for a reunionwhere, without regard to class, they couldmeet the people connected with the U ni­versity in their time. including the thenmembers- of the faculty.1900 had a dinner for men and womenat the Quadrangle Club. Although therewere only 8 present, they report a s uccess­ful reunion. Miss Louise Roth is the sec­retary and they voted to have another re­union next year and a midyear meeting ofthe Chicago members of the class, lookingtoward next year's reunion.1905 had a dinner for men and womenat the Hotel LaSalle, followed by a theaterparty. There were 35 people present at thedinner and 25 at the theater party. Ofthis class, Clyde A. Blair is president andElizabeth 'vV. Robertson was chosen penna­nent secretary. This was the first reunionof this class since its graduation and itreported the at tendance of several out-of­town members. It also voted another re­union next year.1910 seems to belong to the period ofsegregation. The men had a dinner atthe Great Northern Hotel with 11 present.The women had a luncheon at Manderswith 15 present. The president of thisclass is Harry O. Latham. He had chargeof the men's dinner. Charlotte Merrill hadcharge of the women's luncheon.1912 had a reunion picnic for men andwomen at the Lake Zurich farm of Mr.and Mrs. James E. Dymond-both of themmembers of the class. 38 were present.They say they will probably have anotherclass picnic the next year they are invitedby the Dyrnon ds. Officers: Committee,Isabel Jarvis, Raymond Daly, CurtisRogers, Ruth Reticker, et al. RaymondDaly is class editor of the Midnight Special.1913 had a reunion dinner in LexingtonHall for men and women with 42 pre�ent.A fuller report is in this month's MAGAZINE.Officer s : President, George Kuh ; vice- president, Mary A11n Whitely; secretary,Dorothy Fox Hollingsworth; treasurer,William S. Hefferan; registrar, TheodoreFord, 127 Ashland avenue, LaGrange·editor, Hiram Kennicott, 105 N. Clar1�street, Chicago.1914 had 4 parties besides their specialnumber at the Sing-an outdoor chickenpie dinner for men and women on Thurs­day in the yard of the Alpha Delta PhiHouse, 65 present; on Saturday, a women'sdinner at the Del Prado, 30 present; anda men's dinner at Vogelsang's, 40 present;and on Sunday, a tea for men and womenat the home of Harvey Harris, 5000 Ellisavenue, 65 to 70 present, President andMrs. Judson and Dean and Mrs. Angellas guests of honor. This class choseHarvey Harris as succeeding class chair­man.1909, the only one of last year's regularreunion classes to hold a reunion this vearhad a dinner for men and women, 42 pres�ent, at the Quadrangle Club on the samenight as the class of 1900. Both classes satupon the porch of the Club during theevening. The 1909 people had a programthere and the 1914 came from their classdinner, which was across the street, andserenaded. 1909 officers from now on are:President, William P. MacCracken, Jr.;vice-president, Mary E. Courtenay; secre­tary, Walter P. Steffen; treasurer, FrederickW. Carr. This class voted another reunionnext year.1904 and 1899 last year voted to liave asucceeding reunion this year, but eachdecided to save its strength for the 1916big reunion. Their officers are, respec-tively: 1899-President, Percy B. Eckhart;secretary, Josephine T. Allin. 1904-Pr�si­dent, Theodore B. Hinckley; secretary,Shirley Farr.Without connection with this committeethe Alumni of the Old University held areunion dinner down town on Washington'sbirthday. Washington's birthday was thebig school holiday in the Old Universityand they desire to keep to that date, al­though they profess also an interest inmaking some connections with the presentsystem. The Alumni of the Old Universityhave an independent organization of whichEdgar A. Buzzell is secretary and actingofficer. If the Old University men wouldsing their Alma Mater at our Sing, wouldit not be helpful?There is a report, too, that one of theclasses of the Old (1878 ?) University hashad a reunion party every year since itsgraduation at the Lake Forest home ofone of their instructors. This year theirreunion is said to have occurred on June11th, the very day of our own Sing.It is .suggested that it might be mutuallypleasant if we published other events onour schedule and at least saw to it thatour schedule was in the hands of Mr.Buzzell. 'CHICAGO ALUMNI ASSOCIATION REPORT ·281Methods of Publicity and FinancingIn announcements, the class of 1913 usedtheir class paper. They sent out 350 copiesto all degree' people for whom they hadsome kind of address and to about 100ex's, choosing from the address lists of thefour undergraduate years the name of everyex whom anyone on class committee couldlocate in or near Chicago. This issue ofthe paper cost $30.00. They charged $0.50more for the meal than they paid the Com­mons and from their 42 people attendingreceived $21.00. The remaining $9.00 camefrom the class treasury, which is also thetreasury of the class paper. This classexpects to levy an assessment next yearfor the purpose of continuing the paper andpreparing its treasury for further runs.1911 sent out 400 plain postals, not re­turn cards, and the expense was borne bythe class treasury, where there was a $50.00fund for reunion" purposes" (They sentnone to ex's.)1910 women sent 90 cards, including ex's,and financed them by charging $0.90 fora $0.75 meal.1909 sent 500 return postal cards to fullgraduates and ex's. They charged $1.75for a $1.50 meal and have a deficit of $6.25.1910 men charged $2.00 for a $1.50 mealand came out whole on their bills. Theysent out letters and had a committee sell­ing tickets.These represent the types of publicityand financing employed. All classesprofited also by the general announcement.It is believed that if MAGAZINE and circu­lar are well used, personal letters shouldbe written by the committee during theyear, and a return postal should be sentby the individual classes near the end ofMay, and that $0.50 more than it costsshould be charged for each dinner. If th�reunion works out so successfully that thereis a surplus it could be preserved as thenucleus fund for another reunion.In this connection, this committee hasdiscovered some questionnaires issued by theclass papers and people have' said that theydid sit down and answer a printed list ofquestions, when they would not think ontheir own initiative of sending items to theMAGAZINE. Two samples of these ques­tionnaires have been sent to the editor ofthe MAGAZINE. One use for them is sug­gested later in this report.The Time of ReunionsThe reunions this year occurred at dif­ferent times from June 10 to June 26,which was the date of the 1912 picnic.There are advantages in having all classesmeet near together and at the same time,but individual matters control individualclasses. And it seems well, as was donethis year, to fix a definite date for all re­unions and to encourage them to be neartogether in place, but to allow individualclass committees to make variations of timeand place if they so desire. The Place of the Class ReunionsI t has seemed that there is real divisionof opinion as to whether a down-town ora campus class party is better. It is sug­gested that the MAGAZINE be asked to trya canvass of the question editorially. How­ever, in any such discussion, it should beborne in mind that the members of thereunion classes are expected to attend alsothe general reunion at the Quadrangles.The Nature of the ReunionsIt has seemed to this chairman that thefive-year class parties as such should beextended. She started with a high-thinkingsimple living theory of reunions, but hasbeen forced to the conviction that reunionsto be successful must draw people from adistance, and that people will not be aptto come a distance unless there is somethingspecial to come to. I t is to be noted, forinstance, that this year the one class whichdrew any particular out-of-town responsewas the 1905 group, which had both dinnerand theater party. It would seem wise,therefore, to start a committee to workeven this summer considering "stunts" ineach of these classesThe 1909 class report larger attendancethis year than last, which was their five-yearanniversary. They argue continual reunionas the one method of keeping up lists. Ingeneral, however, it seems that reunionsin the interim probably weaken the five­year reunion, and that while annual re­unions should 110t be frowned on, theyshould be kept distinct and separate fromthe five-year reunions. The simplificationof them with the elaboration of the five­year celebrations is believed to be a prob­lem in the work of this committee in whichit has not in the least touched.A Friendly CriticismEach class has been asked to make sug­gestions for the improvement of the classor other reunions. Your committee desiresto report the following two such sugges­tions:1. The faculty seems quite as much apart of their school life as their classmates,to at least many of the older graduates.And it is pointed out that in our progressthere is no place that brings us in directtouch with the faculty either present orof our time. And it has been said that weare almost unique in this deficit. In look­ing for a cure to suggest, this committeehas turned covetous eyes upon the con­vocation reception. It suggests that theCollege Association, either directly orthrough the Council, ask the University tolet it, in some way, make this an Alumnireception as well as one to candidates fordegrees, their parents and friends.(a) We might be allowed to announce itaSI one of the events of our general AlumniSchedule and, perhaps, be responsible fora part of the arrangements.(b) The class reunions might occur be-282 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEfore that reception in the neighborhood ofthe University, and adjourn into them.e c) The time preceding the convocationreception might be a suitable place for themuch-discussed general dinner, which couldadjourn into it. If such a general dinnerwere arranged by classes, it might take careof the classes not at the five-year period.2. There was objection to having theInterscholastic Meet at the same week­end as the Alumni Reunion. It does notaffect class reunions so much as it doesthe rest or the general parties. But objec­tion came by classes, too, and is, therefore,reported here. I t is suggested that Mr.Stagg be asked at once to put that meetas far before convocation as he reasonablycan, and to arrange some intercollegiateathletic event for our week end.Organization of Class UnitsThe work of organization of class unitshas barely been touched this year. Whathas been done has been as an incident tothe reunions.1. Every class which had a reunion eitherthis or last year had designated the officerswith which our successors may communi­cate.For 1911 Margaret Hackett is secretary. Theofficers of all of the other classes havealready been given.2. The ex's. The College Associationappropriated a maximum of $25.00 for thecost of securing lists of ex's for the re-union classes from the University records,Classes of 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914 and 19H)are supposed to have kept their own asthey went along. For the classes of 1895,1900, 1905 and 1910, lists were made fromthe Bureau of Records of all those whomatriculated with the class. This cost$14.60 for the four classes. Mr. Donald S.Trumbull first had the same thing donefor his class (at a cost of $2.30) as anexperiment ahead of the other work Yourcommittee asks that you auttror ize thetreasurer to repay Mr. Trumbull his $2.30.In some of th e classes, for which lists weremade, there were over 500 people on thelist of ex's, about one-half of whom hadattended the university for three or morequarters. The data taken from the Bureauof Records was and should be the follow­ing:Name.Department.Number of quarters in residence.Address upon entering.Any subsequent address.Parents' name.Through this last item it is often possi­ble to trace people who have themselvesmoved on and not notified the University.This information is tabulated and allChicago addresses checked in both cityand telephone directories and then givento the class committee for such correctionsand further amendments as they may beable to make. (All of the work after se- curing data from the Bureau of Recordswas without extra charge.) When the listis at the stage where it is turned over tothe class committee one extra carbon isdeposited with the secretary of the Asso­ciation and one with the committee onmembership and publicity. Information forcorrections may be secured in either ofthese other places as well as in the classcommittees. The information, upon whichthese corrections are made, often consti­tutes news for the items of personals andshould be turned over to the editor-pro b­ably through the class committees. Eachclass receives notice of deaths of its mem­bers; these should appear on the records.This year the reunion classes are sendingback to the College Association the correc­tions which they have discovered both inthe directory information and upon the ex's;and also a list of people whose cards cameback because the addresses were bad. Itis suggested that this list be turned backto the respective class committees with therequest that they try to make out theaddresses. Perhaps, also, for these peopleit might be well to revive the MAGAZINEpage of names, addresses to which weremissing.We tried to see how much college worka man had to have to be an enthusiasticex. It differs with different classes. Ingathering names, it is suggested that allpeople of three or more quarters of resi­dence be included and others disregarded,I t is true that in several places in the 1915reunions ex's took very active parts. The1909 reunion was in charge of one, andamong the 1910 women one ex supplied aprogram.In the gathering of the list from theBureau of Records ex's are not alwaysproperly placed. They are listed in theclass in which they enter, while some havehad first or second years somewhere else.Your commit tee sees no way of correctingthis, except through the patient checkingand co-operation of the class committees.Closely akin to the question of the ex'sis that of people who enter in one classand graduate with another. Your commit­tee recommends that people be encouragedto affiliate with only the class with whichthey graduate, but that they be allowed toaffiliate with each and every class to whichthey properly belonged anywhere in theirUniversity work. This would be particu­larly grateful to the August people, whodo protest against being listed in the classof the following June. Protests of thiskind and requests for class affiliation differ­ent from these listed in the directory havebeen posted in red ink in your chairman'sdirectory, which is filed with this report.Suggestions for Next Year1. Each of the suggestions and recom­mendations hereinbefore contained.2. That the new chairman of the com-THE JUNIOR-COLLEGE MOVEMENTmittee on class organization be appointed atonce.3. That an appropriation be made forsecuring lists of ex's for the classes of1896 (Mr. Trumbull's class), 1901 and 1906.(Mr. Swift has already begun on such a listfor his, the class of 1907.)4. That such lists be compiled this sum­mer and turned over to the respectiveclasses by September.5. That the class committees be organ­-ized during September.6. That the fraternity and women's clubs'lists be secured, in usable shape, if possi­ble.7. That some time early in the fall aletter be sent out particularly to thosemembers of these reunion classes who donot take the MAGAZINE, with the followingpurposes at least:(a) To call attention to the coming Junereunion and call attention to the fact thatthe addressee belongs to one of the reunionclasses.(b) To bid the alumnus take and watchthe MAGAZINE for future notices.(c) To enclose a question blank to bereturned to the office, with questions cal­culated to bring the office data and tosupply the MAGAZINE with material for per­sonals; and suggest that the addressee look-to the MAGAZINE to see what his classmatesare answering.E. G. 1. Are you listed in the class whereyou belong? Where do you belong?11. Where do you live?III. What is your business address?IV. What are you doing?V. What University people have youseen and when and where?VI. What are they doing?VII. Why don't you take the magazine?VIII. Are you married? To whom?Children, with dates of birth.(A somewhat similar questionaire adaptedto those who take the MAGAZINE mightappear as a detachable page in the firstissue of our next MAGAZINE; and then thesuggested circulars be scattered throughthe year, one class each month.)8. That, as early as possible-by April, 283if that can be-the time and place of eachreunion be fixed and notice be given in theMAGAZINE. Your committee, however, callsattention to the fact that dates and placesfor class reunions can not be fixed untilthe general schedule is fixed. And if theserecommendations have any meaning, thegeneral scheme must be perfected forth­with.9. That return postal cards be sent outby each reunion class some time in May,and personal letters written all through theyear.9a. This year the president of the Col­lege Association sent a communication onbehalf of the Association to each class re­union. This should be continued.10. That once a month or at regularintervals during the year the committee onclass organization, the secretary and the,committee on membership and publicitycheck up their corrections and addresses.11. That as soon as the undergraduateclasses select their officers, the chairmanof the Alumni Committee confer with theundergraduate officers and that, if possible,a June class party be secured for each classso that the Alumni custom will be but thecontinuation of all undergraduate cus-tom. Also that they be encouraged in collegeto accumulate a reunion fund.Note -This year Kelly Hall had a Hallreunion on Saturday afternoon. Miss ElsieSchobinger in charge. They decided torepea t next year.This kind of reunion helongs to classesas much as anywhere. If there are anyhall reunions, it might be well to have th emscheduled in the general announcement­if the committee can find them.These suggestions for next year incor­porate much of the committee's criticismof its own work and indicate the thingswherein they hope others may profit bythe things they did not do.Committee:DONALD S. TRUMBULL) 1896SHIRLEY FARR) 1904W. P. MACCRACKEN) JR) 1909MARY C. PHISTER) 1911ALICE GREEN ACRE) 1908, Chairman.The Junior-College Movement in High SchoolsThe remarkable development of the Amer­ican high school has in the last few yearscreated a considerable number of altogethernew educational problems. The college andthe university are often directly and alwaysindirectly affected by the policy adopted byour high schools, and in the present j unior­college movement they are likely to find theirown organization and procedure radically af­fected. Responding to various motives occa-* A paper read before the meeting of the NorthCentral Association of Colleges and SecondarySchools, Mlarch 17, 1915, Chicago, Ill. sional high schools have for a great manyyears past offered work somewhat in advanceof the college-preparatory work with whichthe .curr iculum of most of our high schoolsin this part of the world comes to a close. Incertain instances this advanced work franklyundertook to follow the lines of the work ofthe Freshman year in the ordinary Americancollege, and was organized explicitly with aview to supplying this special program. Inother cases the content of the advanced workwas more incidental, if not accidental, andmaterially more limited in amount. Within284 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEthe past ten years we have had several in­stances of high schools undertaking to supplytwo years of work in advance of the usualfour-year high-school course, and in this caseoften calling themselves junior colleges. Morerecently we find in the state of California, asthe result of special legislation, a state-widesystem by virtue of which high schools areauthorized to enter upon this junior-collegeplan. A considerable number of schools havealready availed themselves of the opportunitythus offered, and experience is rapidly in themaking as regards the advantages and disad­vantages which attach to such an arrange­ment. In Illinois we have had for a dozenyears or more at Joliet an interesting andhighly instructive experiment going on beforeus on the same lines. Many members of thisassociation will probably recall the similar ex­periment substantially contemporary with theJoliet plan which was launched at Goshen, In­diana, and which for purely local reasons hasbeen discontinued. Within the last few yearstwo of our great Chicago high schools, theLane and Crane technical schools, have de­veloped vigorous junior-college organizationswhich promise to develop .in the most suc­cessful way.* Still more recently at GrandRapids and Detroit similar enterprises havepeen set afoot, and many other schoolsthroughout the general territory of this asso­ciation have either made actual beginnings inthis direction or are laying plans for such abeginning in the near future. There seems,therefore, to be no reasonable question thatthe movement has come to stay, and the prob­lem now before us is its wise guidance andthe discounting so far as possible of thedangers and difficulties to which it may benaturally exposed.At the request of the officers of this organi­zation I have attempted to secure some ex­pressions of opinion and some statements ofactual fact regarding the circumstances asthey now exist in the central and westernparts of the United States. Within the limitsof such a paper as this it is quite out of thequestion to attempt a detailed summary of myfindings, but I can perhaps give a correct im­pression of the general situation.My report deals with replies to a question­naire sent to nineteen universities and sevencolleges, members of the North Central Asso­ciation, or institutions similar in character, tothe south and west of this territory. Elevenhigh schools with junior-college departmentshave reported.Of the nineteen universities replying amongwhich are represented most of the importantstate universities, although not all, three havedefinite arrangements whereby junior collegesconducted by high schools and complying withcertain requirements are approved, and theirgraduates when properly certificated allowedto enter the third year of the college work.Several others have recently announced ar-* A junior-college curriculum has been also estab­lished this year in the Senn School. . rangements whereby a similar agreement withcertain specified high schools will be approved,and in at least two instances, i. e., the U niver­sity of Missouri and the University of Texas,the state university has entered into relationswith certain private collegiate institutions,whereby the latter become distinctly juniorcolleges and send their graduates into thethird year of the university work. Other uni­versities, notably Chicago and Wisconsin,have in earlier days made similar experiments.All the other universities in the group, con­stituting a decided maj ority, grant credit forfifth and sixth-year work done in the highschool only upon some form of examination.Sometimes this consists of an actual examina­tion of the conventional kind; sometimes theresult is attained by requiring the student todo successfully more advanced work in theline in which he asks for advanced credit. Inother cases there is no requirement made forthe continuation of this special type of work,but the demand is made that the student's gen­eral record shall be of high grade for thefirst year after his entrance into the universityif the credits asked for are to be permanentlyrecognized. Some of the institutions reportthat the question has as yet assumed no actualsignificance for them because of the absence intheir part of the country of any high schoolsundertaking to do work beyond the fourthyear. This is notably true of certain univer­sities in the states just to the west of theMississippi states.The practice of the seven colleges replyingto the inquiries show on the whole somethingof the same variety of practice peculiar to theuniversities, but in no case has the writerchanced to encounter a reputable collegewhich has as yet entered into any such defi­nite relations with junior colleges based onhigh-school foundations. No such college hasreported itself as positively refusing to con­sider credentials of this kind, but only one ortwo indicate that they are presented with anyfrequency, and it appears that in such casesthe treatment accorded a student is based onindividual investigation of the merits of theparticular case.It would appear, therefore, that we aredealing in this general matter with a situa­tion varying very considerably in the differentparts of the country and presenting little orno uniformity as yet in the educational prac­tice of the higher institutions in their treat­ment of the credentials offered by j unior­college high schools.It is perhaps not without interest to findthat in the general comments offered by thepresidents and deans of the institutions reply­ing, there is on the whole a distinctly moreliberal attitude represented by the universitiesthan by the colleges. This is perhaps onlywhat one might expect, and it should becoupled with the further statement that someof the universities are quite as conservativein their attitude as any of the colleges.Where, however, the press of undergraduatestudents is so great as seriously to embarrassTHE JUNIOR-COLLEGE MOVEJJIEXT 283the facilities of the institution (this is thecase in many of the large state institutions aswell as in some of those under pr ivate en­dowment), it is not unnatural that a welcom­ing hand should be held out to any movementwhich promises to lessen the number of theseundergraduates. On the other hand, in insti­tutions which find themselves in a constantstruggle to secure as many students as theywould like (and this i s undoubtedly the casewith some excellent colleges), it is not to bewondered at that something less than unquali­lled enthusiasm should be felt for a policywhich promises to decrease the number offirst and second-year students r-eporting incollege courses,It seems difficult to determine just when theidea of the junior-college first secured publicrecognition as an essential contribution to oureducational machinery. President W. R.Harper was certainly one of the early advo­cates of a somewhat sharp distinction betweenthe junior college and the senior col1ege. Inthe early organization of the University ofChicago he attempted to embody his ideas bya distinction in the organization of the twodivisions of the university, and by emphasiz­ing as against the collegiate character of thefirst two years of work, the university char­acter of that offered in the latter part of thecollege course. I t will also be rememberedthat he attempted to enlist the interest of agroup of institutions in becoming junior col­leges with no expectation of carrying workbeyond this point, and with the definite intentto leave to the universities the conduct ofmore advanced academic interests. In thisundertaking he was only partially successful,but it seems not improbable that the programas he had it in mind will now after the pas­sage of this score or more of years gainrecognition in a slightly different form.President James of the University of Illinoisappears in the eighties to have attempted tointerest the authorities of the University ofPennsylvania in a development somewhatsimilar to the one we are now observing; andwhile the proj ect had no direct relation to thehigh schools or to separate institutions calledjunior colleges, it will be recalled that in theearly eighties the University of Michiganundertook to establish within its own confinesa distinction between university work andcollege work, the practical effect of whichwas to obligate a student who chose so to doto carryon the last two years of his collegiatework in a rather more individualistic fashionthan is usual, to invite his specialization in amaj or and two minor fields with the presenta ..tion of a thesis in the maj or field. No doubtmany other instances might be cited of gen­eral educational movements looking to thebreaking down of the conventional lines 01demarkation between the high school andacademy on the one hand and the college onthe other, the motivation to not a little ofwhich is to be found in the conviction thatthe period between the present four-year highschool and the four-year college does not mark any real educational transition, and thatmost of our Freshman work and much of ourSophomore work is purely secondary in char­acter, whereas there is a period some time to­ward the end of the second college yearwhere a genuine transition does occur in thecase of a very large proportion of the stu­dents in all stronger colleges and universities.I t is of course well understood that ourAmerican practice is widely at variance withContinental usages.The immediate motivation to the presentjunior-college movement has, however, notcome from the universities-however muchthey may have served the cause through occa­sional educational leaders and occasionalagitation of educational ideals-but ratherfrom the secondary schools and from the in­telligent public that supports them. VVe havebecome familiar with the cry that the highschool is the plain man's college. vVe are nolonger so much disposed to argue this pointas we are to inquire, "What of it?" and if so,what is the next thing to be done about it?Intelligent schoolmen have not only beenbusied in attempting to make these schoolssupply more nearly than before the actualhuman demands of the young people in thetowns, cities, and country districts which theyserve, through enrichment of the curriculumwith types of study generally taboo in theschools given over to preparation for college;but they have also been quick to urge the wis­dom of adding longitudinally as well as hori­zontally to the resources of these schools,and through the entire structure from top tobottom they have sought by intensive improve­ment of the quality of the instruction offeredto make these schools so attractive that everyboy and girl would wish to stay in them aslong as possible, and as a result of such resi­dence would be found far better equipped thanthe older brothers and sisters had 'been foractual entrance on the practical work of lifeinto which four-fifths of them are promptlydrafted.In response to considerations such as theseit is altogether natural, especially in the caseof places somewhat remote from the bettercolleges and universities, that the idea shouldhave presented itself of developing on top ofthe high school part at least of the work cus­tomarily offered in collegiate institutions,whether the latter were ostensibly of the lib­eral arts variety or of the vocational and pro­fessional variety. A good deal can certainlybe said for the practical desirability of keep­ing for another year or two within the influ­ences of the home boys and girls who other­wise might go to college where their imma­turity often exposes them to dangers whichthey would escape by longer residence athome. Moreover, a good many young peoplefind it impossible to go away to college be­cause of economic considerations, and stillothers are deterred from such attendanceupon college, even when not actually pre­vented from it. To be sure, there is a good286 THE UNiVERSiTY OF CHICAGO MAGAZ1XEdeal of evidence to indicate that anythingwhich would serve to discourage some of ourapplicants for college entrance from actual at­tendance on the institution would be enor­mously in the interest of all concerned. Onthe other nand, there can be no question atall that to bring directly to the student's owndoor collegiate opportunities of a substantialkind is in very many cases to render a serv­ice of the highest value both to the individualand to the community to which he belongs.It is perhaps due to the fertility of resourcesbred by life in the far West, but more likelyto the peculiar geographical conditions repre­sented in the state of California, that in thatstate we meet with the earliest developed gen­eral state system for building junior collegeson high-school foundations, and that here themovement has gone farthest and most suc­cessfully. It will be very surprising if thesuccess which has attended this California ex­periment is not widely imitated and probablyimproved upon in other parts of the country.I t is not without interest to remark the dif­ferent ideals which already are making them­selves felt in the organization of these junior­college schools. In some instances the attemptis frankly made to reproduce outright thework given in some model institution, in thiscase commonly the neighboring state univer­sity. This conception clearly involves the ideathat the junior-college high school should at­tempt to bring forthwith directly to hand thevery same work done in the college or uni­versity itself, and done so far as possible inthe very same way. On the other hand, thereis a feeling in some quarters that the j unior­college high school ought to strike out on itsown lines in accordance with the special needsof its own community, and that it should spe­cialize particularly in industrial, engineering,and vocational directions, with its main in­terest centered on young people who will notgo beyond the instruction it offers, rather thanon those who are expecting to continue insome larger institution. In other words, wehave over again here the old schism withwhich we are so familiar, separating thosewho believe that the high school ought to con­form primarily to the requirements for collegeentrance as against those who take an oppo­site view. We are most of us familiar withthe intermediate position which alleges thatthe two things are in no final sense antagonis­tic to one another.In the actual organization of these Cali­fornia schools, of which some seven have beer.kind enough to reply to my inquiries, I judgethat there is a certain diversity of adminis­trative practice with regard to their internalorganization. In some cases they apparentlyhave attempted to organize the junior collegealtogether separately from the high schoolproper. They have a separate faculty and anentirely separate student body, and desire atthe earliest possible date to have a separatebuilding. At the other extreme is a tendencyto obliterate all distinction from the four-year high school, to add two years of college work,but in no sense to magnify a differentiationof one program from the other. A compro­mise between these two extremes is seeminglythe commoner tendency at the present mo-ment .Evidently there are three main groups of in­terests to be safeguarded in the situationwhich we have been considering. The first isthat of the colleges and universities; the sec­ond, that of the high schools; and the third,that of the general public which supports both.It may be thought that such a distinction ofinterests is artificial and unreal, but in pointof fact it corresponds with a good deal ofexactness to the cleavage into parties whichcharacterizes educational as well as politicallife. I have given them in inverse order ofwhat I consider to be their intrinsic impor­tance and directly in the order of their abilityto protect their own interests. The collegesand universities are on the whole best able tosafeguard these interests. The high schoolsare in general exposed to more sources of in­jury and such as are on the whole less easilycontrolled. The general public is in the longrun best able to protect itself, but at the outsetis least likely to find its immediate interestschampioned by intelligent and forcefulleaders.It goes without saying that in the lastanalysis a sane estimate of the situation mustbe based upon the largest and most far-seeingconsiderations. It must be in no narrow sensepartisan, it must not be provincial, it must notbe ignorant. In speaking, therefore, to thethree groups of points raised by the distinc­tions just drawn, we are frankly dealing in apurely tentative manner with the more ob­vious and obtrusive angles of the case as theypresent themselves in terms of our currentpractices and prej udices.Taking the matter from the point of viewof the colleges first, it. is clear that if thejunior-college movement in the high schoolsdevelops with rapidity, there will presumablybe a material decline in the number of Fresh­man and Sophomore students in our strictlycollegiate institutions. This result will bewelcomed enthusiastically by the administra­tive authorities of many of the larger institu­tions, which are literally staggering under thepress of undergraduates; it will be much lessenthusiastically greeted bv • the small andstruggling college to which numbers are abso­lutely indispensable for its continued life. Wemay, therefore, reasonably expect to hear­from these latter sources a great deal aboutthe indispensable value of a four-year collegecourse, of the unwisdom of interrupting col­lege life abruptly in the middle and subjectingthe student to the necessity of orienting him­self afresh in a new community; of the un­desirability of remaining too long in a singleinstitution like a high school; of the unwis­dom of foregoing the larger atmosphere of thebona fide college, etc.It seems not altogether improbable that weTHE JUNIOR-COLLEGE MOVEMENTmay for a time meet in an aggravated waythe type of criticism now universal in everywell-bred college where it is good form tocomplain of the poor training with whichFreshmen come up from the high schools andacademies. It seems not improbable that byvirtue of the fact that a considerable numberof schools may be tempted into this advancedwork prematurely, and that they may fail tosecure reasonable results thereby, we shallhave to recognize a great deal of such criti­cism as well founded and just. On the otherhand, it is to be said that the experience ofthe University of California with the stu­dents of a number of the junior-college highschools has shown them abundantly able tocarry the advanced college work. In many in­stances they have done this even better thanthe students trained immediately on thegrounds. Colleges which have been receivingstudents from the Joliet school and from theLane and Crane technical schools would, I amsure, in many instances give an absolutelyidentical verdict. The college is of courseentirely justified in asking that if studentsare to be received into its advanced coursesthey should really be able to carry their workwith success. It may well occur that for atime, if not indefinitely, the colleges will bejustified in regarding credentials from theseinstitutions as subj ect to confirmation by themanner in which the later work of the stu­dent is conducted. This practice obtains inthe handling of exchange credentials as be­tween institutions of strictly collegiate rank,and need not be interpreted as containing anyinvidious reflection upon the persons party toit. I t does not appear to the present speakerthat the colleges have anything to fear fromthe dangers which are intrinsic to the princi­ple of the junior college based on the high­school foundations except the loss in studentattendance, and this, as has already been re'peated, is to most of the large institutions awelcome and not an unwelcome prospect.Friction of adj ustment there undoubtedly willbe, and the soul of the temperamentally con­servative kind is sure to be troubled by thisnew program. Others need feel no solicitude,and on the contrary may justly welcome themovement as in the line of wholesome edu­cational progress, and as one which it be­hooves the universities to foster and aid withwise counsel and kindly sympathy.From the point of view of the schools itseems clear, as has been earlier indicated, thatthe addition of one or two years of collegework is fraught with some dangers unless thefinancial support for the enterprise is reason­ably generous, unless the qualifications of theteachers are thoroughly sound, unless thelaboratory and library facilities are adequate,and unless the local demand for such an insti­tution is genuine and reasonably energetic.To undertake such work without adequateequipment of staff and teachers is seriously tooverstrain the extant resources of the schoolboth in personnel and in equipment, is to in- 287vite failure or very mediocre success, and,therefore, in the long run is likely ,to sacrificepublic confidence and set back the generalmovement because of shortcomings which areintrinsic to the local situation and in no senseto the system as such.The interests of the general public arefundamentally touched at every point of thesituation. Ambitious principals and superin­tendents are likely to be inj udiciously stimu­lated to premature developments of thejunior-college movement in communitieswhich are financially not able to afford propersupport, and which really represent too triflinga demand to justify the necessary expenditures.On the other hand, phlegmatic or reactionaryschool authorities are likely in some communi­ties to discourage and unduly postpone thedevelopment of institutions of this type wherethe community is abundantly able to affordsupport, and where a service of unquestionedvalue could be rendered both to the com­munity and to its young people. Communitiesmay certainly demand that institutions of thischaracter be peculiarly sensitive to local needsand that the junior college be not simply anambitious attempt to copy the first two yearsof the conventional college program. Thewhole question of the system of taxation bywhich these institutions are to be supportedand the relation of that system to the supportof state institutions requires careful andthoughtful consideration. In states with astrong and well-organized state universitythere is no reason why the most intimate andhelpful co-operation should not exist as be­tween the state and local institutions. Theone thing which the communities ought moststrenuously to insist upon, and the one forwhich it is perhaps least likely that there willbe intelligent appreciation in advance, is theneed of thoroughly competent and well-paidinstructors to carryon this new work.It would, in my judgment, be a great mis­take to view the movement as purely an ad­ministrative rearrangement of our collegework. The meaning of the matter seems tome to lie much deeper than that. If I mis­take not, it is one symptom simply, but onefraught with immense potential consequences,of a renascence of communal interest inhigher education, of which the first great wavegave us our noble state universities and ouragricultural and engineering schools. This,which has been gathering strength for severalyears in the evolution of the high schoolproper, promises in a similar way to bringopportunities for advanced vocational trainingto the very doors of thousands of boys andgirls previously denied them, to offer to thou­sands of others who really are prepared toprofit by them the various forms of collegiateeducation, and in general to disseminate inthe commonwealth more widely than ever be­fore the desire for sound learning whose per­fect fruit is sanity of judgment and sobrietyof citizenship. James R. Angell.288 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEThe Influence of Heredity Upon the Occurenceof Spontaneous CancerThere are two great points at issue in thedetermination of the inheritability of cancer:(1) the cure of the race (for if cancer ishereditary in the strict sense, it can be elim­inated); (2) the cure of the individual (forour knowledge of the nature of cancer mustgive us a more enlightened point of attack inthe search for a remedy).In reporting my results in the study of thisquestion I have used and shall continue to usethe expression "inheritability of cancer," al­though cancer is not transmitted as such.When we speak of albinism, or of heavy pig­mentation, or of any other similar character asbeing inheritable, we mean that in the germplasm resides the power received from itsprogenitors and transmitted in turn to its pos­terity, to produce an individual albino, or oneheavily pigmented, etc. And just so in speak­ing of cancer as inherited, we mean that inthe germ plasm resides the power receivedfrom its progenitors and transmitted in turnto its posterity, to produce an individual whosetissues under a given provocation shall de-'velop in the structureless and wild manner ofmalignant growth.In studying any question of inheritance cer­tain facts of biology must be kept in mind.When the egg cells and sperm cells are laiddown there is already determined in them thegerm plasm of the succeeding generation. Incollecting human statistics on cancer, there­fore, it must be remembered that the off­spring of two individuals is not merely acompound of these two, with emphasis per­haps upon the characters of the one or of theother. Behind each parent lay a long ascentof determining ancestry, and since mating inthe human species has always been hetero­geneous, every individual is an intricate com­plex of what he can transmit to his immediateoffspring in any hybrid cross. I t follows,therefore, that the characters carried by themate will in every instance determine whichof the potentialities of any individual shallbe transmitted in any given cross. For exam­ple, if a first generation albino mouse derivedfrom red is mated with another albino, it willproduce only albinos; if the same albinomouse from red is mated with a grey it willproduce red mice in its immediate offspring.The mating of this albino mouse with greydetermined the production of red offspring.It is in such facts as these, viz., that themate determines which of one's almost in­finite number of potentialities shall be trans­mitted, that the profound demand of eugenicslies.This long continued process of mixedhybridization in the human race, together withits slow evolvement of generations and thepaucity of accurate ancestral records on anyinheritable character whatever makes a pro b­lem in heredity very difficult, if not impossible of analysis. Since, therefore, accurate dataare not obtainable for the study of the in­heritance of cancer in the human species, Itook as the basis of my experiments a pedi­greed stock of some five .thousand mice se­cured during four years of previous study ofgeneral problems in heredity. In this pedi­greed stock spontaneous cancers had arisen.(The experiments covered by this report dealonly with spontaneous cancers.) The cancerstructures in mice are identical with cancerstructures in man, and they behave in thesame way. Type for type every tumor foundin mice is found in man; and conversely asthe number of cancers in a stock of mice in­creases almost every form of tumor known tothe human species is found also in mice.Furthermore, other diseases common to manhave close analogies or absolute parallels inmice and finally, large numbers of mice canbe kept in a comparatively small space, gen­erations can be made to succeed one anotherrapidly, external conditions can be carefullycontrolled. Mice furnish, therefore, an ad­mirable material for the study of spontaneouscancer, both in the matter of the inherita­bility and of the behavior of cancer in its oc­currence and in its clinical course. Becauseof the close analogy between mouse cancerand human cancer it is probable also that thefacts of inheritance in the mouse species willprove to be the facts of inheritance in thehuman species.On the minutiae of the behavior of charac­ters in heredity there is considerable _ differ­ence of opinion, but certain fundamental factsadmit of no dispute. For example:1. If a pure bred housemouse (grey) iscrossed with a pure bred albino (white), thefirst filial generation will all be grey. If.. how­ever, these greys are bred out, three types ofmice will result: (1) pure breeding house­mice; (2) pure breeding albinos; (3) mixedgreys (heterozygotes), which if inbred willyield the same three types in about the pro­portion of one pure grey to one pure albinoto two 'mixed greys. That is, in a hybridcross one member of which carries no albinos,albinism does not appear until the second gen­eration; but it is carried potentially and canbe transmitted by the first generation.2. If a pure bred albino is mated with amixed grey (heterozygote) their immediateoffspring will include albinos and heterozygousgreys in about equal ratio. These albinos willbreed true, and again, the heterozygotes, if in­bred, will yield the same three types of mice,pure breeding housemice, pure breeding al­binos, and heterozygous greys. That is, ifboth members of a cross carry albinism, eitheractual or potential, albinism will occur in thefirst generation and by the right matings inevery succeeding generation.In testing for the inheritability of any char-THE INHERITABILITY OF CA.NCERacter, it is necessary first, to inbreed individ­uals who express this character in themselves.If the character is transmitted through onegeneration after another to all the offspring,it is proved to be an inheritable one. For ex­ample, if housemice are mated they will trans­mit through generation after generation, toevery individual, the housemouse type of coat,grey in color, allowing, of course, for thelimited variation to be found in every species.Or, if albinos are mated they will transmitalbinism to every member of the strainthrough generation after generation.The inheritability of cancer, however, cannot be determined by the inbreeding test alone,because it does not appear early in anyspecies in which it is common, and individ­uals have many years in the human species, ormany months or even years in the mousespecies, during which they may be swept offby accident or by other diseases without show­ing cancer. During all this time they mayhave been potentially cancerous and capableof transmitting cancer -to the offspring. It isobviously impossible to tell in such a casewhether they were cancerous or not.I t is necessary, therefore, in studying theinheritability of cancer to use also thehybridization test. For example, as alreadypointed out, if a pure bred albino is matedwith a pure bred housemouse, albinism willappear in the second hybrid generation, andby the right mating in every generation there­after; so that from such a cross, one can ex­tract lines of pure breeding albinos which willbehave in every test exactly like pure bred al­binos not subj ected to this hybrid cross. Thatis, albinism stands the second test of in­heritability, viz., it is carried into every strainwith which it is hybridized.It is necessary to apply this hybridizationtest to such a character as cancer. Having, byinbreeding, established cancer-bearing strains,one must hybridize both the individuals thatshow cancer, and those that die from othercauses without showing cancer. If both theindividuals that express cancer and those thatdo not still carry it into the strains withwhich they are hybridized with the certaintyof albinism, and if from such hybrid crossesone can extract lines of cancer-bearing indi­viduals that breed true and in turn carry can­cer into strains with which they are hybridizedand if one is able also to extract strains ofnon-cancer-bearing individuals, the inherita­bility of cancer is proved beyond a doubt,provided that at the same time all possiblecontrol tests have been carried on to demon­strate that cancer cannot be contracted by con­tagion.In testing the matter of contagion in cancerI have carried on through years the followingexperiments: .1. Housemice and other mice of provednon-tumorous strains are kept in the samecage with cancerous mice.2. When a cancerous mouse dies, non­tumorous mice are given the soiled cage inwhich the cancerous inouse has died, with all 289the debris and old food soiled by the deadmouse ..3. The young of carcinomatous mothers arefed and reared by non-tumorous mothers; andthe young of non-tumorous mothers are fedand reared by cancerous mothers. I havenever had a case of contagion in any of thesetests.4. Over and over again the cancer of livingmice has been eaten by their mates or by miceplaced with them as controls.5. Portions of the cancer and of other tis­sues of dead cancerous mice have been fedsystematically to mice in control cages. Ihave never had a case of cancer in such matesor in such controls.All materials used in the work-cages,boxes, dishes-are kept as nearly as possiblesterile. Materials used for cancerous miceare not used for non-cancerous mice. Thehands of all workers are sterilized beforepassing from tumorous to non-tumorousstocks.These contagion tests show that cancer is nomore contracted by contact than albinism is,and contagion is, therefore, ruled out as afactor in the transmission of cancer.The methods which I have outlined are theones used in these experiments. That is, intesting for the inheritability of cancer I haveused both the inbreeding and the hybridizationtests. Having obtained strains of closely in­bred mice carrying a high percentage of can­cer (100 per cent in one strain) I havehybridized these strains with (1) other highlycancerous strains, (2) slightly cancerousstrains, (3) non-cancerous strains.The results obtained from this series of ex­periments show beyond a doubt that the ten­dency to produce cancer under the rightprovocation is transmitted from generation togeneration with the' inevitableness of thetransmission of albinism. In this laboratorycancer has been carried through ten genera ..tions without a break. Such transmission isnot the exception but the rule. In a stock ofliving mice numbering at the present time overten thousand, there is a steady production ofa nearly constant supply of cancerous indi­viduals, falling almost without exception inthe proved cancer strains.Among over ten thousand autopsies, yield­ing more than a thousand spontaneous can­cers in this laboratory, the cancers almostwithout exception have occurred in strains ofknown cancerous ancestry and they have oc­curred in accordance with the laws ofheredity governing the transmission of anyother character.The cancer-bearing representatives of suchstrains of mice carry cancer into a strainwith which they are hybridized as inevitablyas an albino mouse carries albinism into apigmented strain with which it is hybridized;and with parallel behavior of the character.Having established cancer-bearing strains,it is possible to manipulate them as one manip­ulates strains of albino mice or of JapaneseWaltzing Mice, or of mice carrying any other290 ,THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEproved inheritable character. That is, (1) Iftwo cancerous mice are mated cancer appearsin their immediate offspring in as high a per­centage as can be expected in a disease likecancer, which appears so late in life that manypotentially cancerous mice may die before theyreach cancer age.(2) I f a cancerous mouse and a mouse po­tentially cancerous (heterozygous) are mated,cancer appears in about 50 per cent of theirimmediate progeny. The other 50 per centmay transmit it.(3) If a cancerous mouse is mated with anon-cancerous mouse, cancer does not appearuntil the second generation, but it may betransmitted by members of the first generationwho do not themselves ever show cancer.( 4) Even from these crosses where oneside carried 10'0 per cent of cancer, by theright matings, (viz., a mate who does not carrycancer either actually or potentially) it ispossible to eliminate cancer from the strain.I t must be remembered that inbreeding assuch has nothing to do with the transmissionof cancer. All the non-tumorous strains inthis laboratory have been inbred in exactly thesame way as the cancer strains, but the in­breeding has not introduced cancer. In thetransmission of albinism an albino from onestrain mated with an albino from anotherstrain with no relationship whatever, will justas certainly produce nothing but albinos asbreeding in its own strain. And the mating ofa heterozygote from such a cross with a whollyunrelated heterozygote from another crosswith cancer behind it, will just as inevitablyproduce cancer in the immediate offspring asthe mating of two heterozygotes from thesame litter. Just so the mating between can­cer-bearing individuals derived from whollydifferent strains produces exactly the sametransmission of cancer to the progeny as didinbreeding within cancer strains.Just what it is that is transmitted in can­cer cannot be said as yet. No more do weknow just what it is that is transmitted inalbinism or in the whirling habit of theJapanese Waltzing Mouse, or in any other in­heritable character. All we can say as yetis that in the germ plasm there resides thepotentiality of albinism, or of the whirlinghabit, or of cancer, which will eventuate inthe individual developed from it. What seemsto be transmitted in cancer is the potentialityof the germ plasm to produce an individualwhose tissues shall develop in the lawlessfashion of the neoplasm, under a given prov­ocation.All my observations in this laboratorytend to show that the provocation is over-irri­tation at the point where the cancer occurs,and that the cause of this over-irritation maybe anyone of many, mechanical, chemical,bacterial, etc.I suggest here that the perfect hygienewhich controls the life of mice in this labora­tory and which has controlled it for overeight years and through twenty-five to thirtygenerations in many strains has much to do with the elimination of numerous causes ofchronic irr-itation very prevalent in the hu­man species. And I predict that the similarelimination of chronic causes of irritation inthe human species would inevitably reducethe frequency of cancer, particularly wherethere is a high degree of cancer ancestry.The question of the relation of causes oftumor growth to the causes of normal growthis vastly interesting.I find that in my established tumor lines adecrease of the food to a point which pro­duces general emaciation lowers the cancerrate in that family. It also lowers the deathage and increases the number of cases ofdeath from common infections. It lowers alsothe rate of reproduction. It lowers, then, thetumor growth and the normal growth. It in­creases the susceptibility to infections. More­over, where a tumor does appear in an in­dividual whose normal growth processes arepoor, it is of very slow growth. The wellknown slow growth of tumors in old in­dividuals, both in mice and in the humanspecies, may easily be explained by the parallellack of strong growth or regenerative proc­esses of any kind. The presence of tape­worm in a cancerous mouse greatly retards thegrowth of tumor by withdrawing the foodsupply from the host. Tapeworm is a verycommon cause of death in this laboratory andsuch retardation of tumor growth in in­dividuals who show advanced tapeworm atautopsy has been noted very frequently.On the other hand, constant reproduction ina cancerous female in the prime of life has inevery instance in which it has occurred in thislaboratory been accompanied by a retardationof tumor growth. But when a strong can­cerous female is not reproductive her tumorgrows with great rapidity.The conclusions here seem to be:1. An individual with poor normal growthhas slow tumor growth.2. An individual whose growth processesare used in reproduction shows slow tumorgrowth.3. An individual of good growth powerwhose normal growth processes are not oeingused shows rapid growth of neoplasms.The clinical behavior of cancers in thislaboratory is opposed to. the theory of in­fection.1. Infection takes the weak individuals.Cancer selects the strong ones.2. Reduction of feeding and consequentlowering of resistance increases liability toinfections; it lowers the cancer frequency.3. Vigorous growth processes are neces­sary for tumor growth. They militate againstinfections.4. A very slight infection will kill a preg­nant female. Tumor growth is retarded bypregnancy.5. The results of these experiments showcancer to be hereditary in the strict sense. Theinfections common among my mice are nomore liable to occur in one family than in anyother if the individuals are separated from oneGENERAL UNIVERSITY NEWSanother; whereas cancer crops out in cancerstrains, no matter where the mice are kept.6. The infections common in this labora­tory spread not only through the cage, but toadj oining cages. The most careful and longcontinued experiments have failed to show asingle case of transmission of cancer by con­tact in the same cage or in adj oining cages.7. If an infected mouse dies in the cageand -is partly eaten before it is removed, everymouse in the cage is liable to be swept off bythe same infection. Over and over again, thecancers of mice have been eaten by mates orby mice placed with them as controls. I havenever had a case of cancer in such mates orin such controls. Portions of the cancer andof the viscera of dead cancerous mice havebeen systematically fed to mice in controlcages without a case of cancer in such con­trols.8. Cancer is a disease of middle and ad­vanced age when the normal growth proc­esses are confined to regeneration and to re­production. Infections are diseases of earlylife, when growth processes are largely accre­tions in quantity and in complexity.Whether or not cancer shall eventuallyprove to be an infection, it has one profound 291difference from any infection known to man.It follows the laws of heredity with an in­evitableness which makes it a character whichcan be manipulated. It can be bred into andout of strains at will. It can be put into astrain where it has never existed before andit can be drawn out in extracted lines whichcan, produce nothing else, and which in turnwill carry cancer into any line with whichthey are hybridized; or it can be bred outof a line one side of which originally carriedone hundred per cent of cancer,Cancer is not transmitted as such, but ratheras a tendency to occur from a given provoca­tion, probably in the form of over-irritation.The elimination as far as possible of allforms of over-irritation to the tissues of anindividual of high cancer ancestry should gofar to eliminate the provocation of cancer;and the eugenic control of matings so thatcancer shall at least not be potential in bothsides of the hybrid cross ought to eventuatein a considerable decrease in the frequencyof human cancer.MAUD SLYE(From the Cancer Laboratory of the OthoS. A. Sprague Memorial Institute and theUniversity of Chicago.)GENERAL UNIVERSITY NEWSThe registration for the summer quarterof the University of Chicago up to July 10surpassed all previous records for the quarterat a corresponding date.In the graduate schools, 875 men and 550women were registered, a total of 1,425 ascompared with 1,210 a year ago.In the senior and junior colleges, includingthe unclassified, 543 men have registered and541 women, a total of 1,084, as compared with1,051 a year ago. The total registration inthe departments of arts, literature, and scienceis 2,509, as against 2,261 for the last sum­mer quarter.In the divinity school 269 students are en­rolled; in the law school, 162; in the coursesof medicine, 109; and in the college of educa­tion, 825-making a total of 1,365 in the pro­fessional schools, as compared with 1,269 ayear ago.Excluding duplications, 1,940 men and 1,806women were in July in attendance at theUniversity, a grand total of 3,746, as comparedwith 3,371 for the corresponding date a yearago.In connection with the work of the Collegeof Com-merce and Administration at the Uni­versity during the summer quarter an im­portant series of lectures on various subj ectsinvolved in public and philanthropic servicewas given.On July 16 Director Charles Hubbard Judd,of the School of Education at the university,described the Carnegie Foundation for theAdvancement of Teaching, in the series on"American Foundations"; on July 20 and 27Assistant Professor Scott E. W. Bedford, of the Department of Sociology and Anthropol­ogy, gave illustrated addresses on "MunicipalAesthetics" and "M unicipal Nuisances"; andon July 21 the director of the Hamilton ParkPlayground and Recreation Center, Mr. Clar­ence E. Rainwater, gave an illustrated accountof "The Evolution of the Playground," and onJuly 28 discussed "The Literature of Playand Recreation."Professor Graham Taylor, president of theChicago School of Civics and Philanthropyand warden of the Chicago Commons" dis­cussed on July 23 "Civic Democracy; Co-oper­ation between Official and V ountary Agen­cies"; on July 29 Miss Mary E. McDowell,head of the University of Chicago Settlement,presented the subj ect of "Opportunities forService"; and on July 3-0 "Some Aspects orOur Immigration Problem" was presented byMiss Grace Abbott, director of the Immi ...grants' Protective League.The College of Commerce and Administra­tion is also offering during the summer quar ..ter regular courses of instruction in phil ..anthropic service. Numerous inspection visitsunder competent guidance are made from timeto time to philanthropic institutions of thecity.In addition to the regular courses aboutthirty public lectures bearing on the work ofthis division will be given and among theearlier addresses of special interest is a seriesof lectures on "American Foundations." Thefirst address in this series was on "TheCleveland Foundation" and the lecturer wasAllen T. Burns, '98, director of the SurveyCommittee of that Foundation.292 ,THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINeDuring the academic year 1914-15 at theUniversity of Chicago sixty members wereadded to the Beta of Illinois Chapter of PhiBeta Kappa, this being the largest numberever added in a single year in the history 'ofthe chapter.The officers recently elected for the newyear are: President, Professor Robert An­drews Millikan, of the department of physics;vice-president, Associate Professor David AI­'Ian Robertson, of the department of English;and secretary-treasurer, Associate ProfessorFrancis Wayland Shepardson, of the depart­ment of history.The total membership of the chapter is 580,this membership including five honorary mem­bers, a small number of alumni of the oldUniversity of Chicago, and all graduates ofthe new university previous to the time ofthe institution of the chapter who had a gradehigh enough to warrant their selection.During the present year the University ofChicago chapter has issued a revised editionof its Hondboole, this being a publication ofover a hundred pages containing, besides theroll of members, a historical sketch of thegeneral fraternity and detailed information re­garding the founding of the Chicago chapter.The latter was instituted sixteen years ago,and the preliminary correspondence was car­ried on by Harry Pratt Judson, then dean ofthe faculties, now president of the Universityof Chicago, who is a member of the WilliamsChapter of Phi Beta Kappa.The charter at Chicago was granted to tenmen, including William Rainey Harper, HarryPratt Judson, Eliakim Hastings Moore, ThomasC. Chamberlin, John Ulric Nef, William Gard­ner Hale, Albion Woodbury Small, and PaulShorey. The ten men represented ten differ­ent departments in the University.Among the. Phi Beta Kappa orators at theUniversity of Chicago have been PresidentCyrus Northrup, of the University of Minne­sota; Professor Paul Shorey, head of the De­partment of Greek in the University; PresidentBenj amin Ide Wheeler, of the University ofCalifornia; Hon. Charles Francis Adams, thehistorian, of Boston; Bliss Perry, editor ofthe A tlantic Monthly ; Walter Mines Page,American ambassador to Great Britain; JudgeJulian W. Mack, of the United States CircuitCourt; and Professor Charles Edward Mer­riam, of the department of political sciencein the University.The presidents of the Chicago chapter haveincluded Harry Pratt Judson, Paul Shorey,J. Laurence Laughlin, William Gardner Hale,George Edgar Vincent, James Hayden Tufts,Thomas C. Chamberlin, Albion WoodburySmall, and James Parker Hall. The secretaryof the chapter for the last fifteen years hasbeen Francis Wayland Shepardson, associateprofessor of American history."University Night," when the history of theUniversity is given in picture, song, and storyfell this year on July 23. The speakers fo�the occasion were Professor Shepardson,David Allan Robertson, '01, associate professorof English. Professor Shepardson began his connectionwith the institution at its founding and wassecretary to President William Rainey Harperfor seven years, while Professor Robertsonhas been secretary to President Harry PrattJudson for nine years, and for several yearswas head of Hitchcock House, one of thedormitories for men.By a recent action of the Trustees a newdepartment of o-riental languages and litera­tures has been organized at the University,with James Henry Breasted, professor ofEgyptology and Oriental History and direc­tor of the Haskell Oriental Museum, as chair­man of the department, and Professor IraMaurice Price, of the former department ofSemitics, as its secretary. The practical pur­pose of the new organization is to furnishadministrative facilities for offering a widerrange of oriental studies, which may later in­clude courses in Japanese and Chinese.The new department will include in its scopethe work in the Russian language and Russianinstitutions recently undertaken by AssistantProfessor Samuel N. Harper, whose father,President William Rainey Harper, was thefirst head of the department of semitics, andwhose uncle, the late Professor Robert Fran­cis Harper, was also a member of the samedepartment.The chairman of the newly organized de­partment, Professor Breasted, was appointedin 1900 by the royal academies of Berlin, Leip­zig, Munich, and Gotting'en to copy and ar­range the Egyptian inscriptions in Europeanmuseums for the Egyptian dictionary author­ized by the German emperor; and in 1905-7 hewas the director of the Egyptian expeditionsent out by the University of Chicago. Dr.Breasted, besides being the associate. editor ofthe American Tournai of Semitic Languagesand Literatures and of the A merican Journalof Theolo qy, has written many volumes onhis special fields of research, including thefive volumes published by the University ofChicago Press under the title of A ncient Rec­ords of Egypt�· a History of EgyPt� which alsohas appeared in German, French, and Russianeditions, as well as in an English edition forthe blind; and Development of Religion andThought in Ancient Egypt.Announcement has been made of the ap­pointment by the Board of Trustees of theUniversity of Chicago of a Health Officer tothe University. Dr. Dudley B. Reed, AssociateProfessor of Physical Culture, is the ap­pointee, his term of office beginning withOctober 1, 1915.The new Health Officer will be the execu­tive official of the University Committee onHygiene and Sanitation and his work will becarried on under the auspices of that com­mittee. This work is expected to include theprevention and handling of communicablediseases in the University community, in con­j unction with the city health department; theregular inspection of dormitories and frater­nity houses; and the systematic inspection ofthe University Commons and supervision ofGENERAL UNIVERSITY NEWS 293the health of employees engaged in preparingor handling f ood,The new Health Officer of the Universitywill also supervise medical examinations andkeep the necessary statistical records, and hewill establish a system of health conferenceswith students at regular intervals.Dr. Reed will offer soon a maj or course in"School Hygiene," which will be open to allstudents in the University, including those inthe School of Education; and from time totime, as may seem advisable, he will offerspecial courses in the Department of Hygieneand Bacteriology.Two members of the Faculties at the Uni­versity of Chicago are giving courses duringthe summer session at the University of Cali­fornia-Professor John M. Coulter, head ofthe Department of Botany, and ProfessorJulius Stieglitz, director of Analytical Chem­istry. The former is giving two courses, onean elementary course in evolution and he­redity, and the other an advanced course in theevolution of sex in plants. The popularity ofProfessor Coulter as an authoritative lecturerin his chosen field is illustrated by the largeregistration reported for both courses.Professor Stieglitz is also giving twocourses, one a seminar on special topics in or­ganic chemistry and one a college course inorganic chemistry. Dr. Stieglitz received thehonor a few years ago of being elected theHitchcock Lecturer in Chemistry at the Uni­versity of California.Dean Angell, University of Chicago, whorecently gave the address at the Commence­ment of the University of Vermont, receivedon that occasion the honorary degree of Doc­tor of Letters.Professor Paul Shorey received at the Com­mencement of the University of Michigan onJune 24 the honorary degree of Doctor ofLaws. At the recent installation of the newpresident of Johns Hopkins University, Pro­fessor Shorey also received the same degree,and at the one hundred and fiftieth anniversaryof the founding. of Brown University, the hon­orary degree of Doctor of Letters.Professor Robert Andrews Millikan, of theDepartment of Physics in the University ofChicago, received from the University ofPennsylvania at its recent Commencement thehonorary degree of Doctor of Science. At itslast commencement Oberlin College also con­ferred on him the degree of Doctor of Science.Dr. Millikan is now engaged in the prepa­ration of a volume on The I solation andMeasurement of the Electron in the new "Uni­versity of Chicago Science Series."Mr. Charles L. Hutchinson, who has beentreasurer of the Board of Trustees of theUniversity of Chicago since its' founding andalso chairman of the Committee on Buildingsand Grounds, received in June the honorarydegree of Master of Arts from Harvard Uni­versity.Mr. Hutchinson, who is the donor ofHutchinson Hall and the fountain in Hutchin­son Court at the University of Chicago, has been for more than twenty-five years presidentof the Art Institute of Chicago, is president ofthe Cliff-Dwellers of Chicago, an organizationof artists and authors, and is also presidentof the American Federation of Arts. He hasbeen for many years a member of! the SouthPark Commission and treasurer of the Munic­ipal Art. League.Another trustee of the University of Chi­cago, "Justice Charles E. Hughes of theUnited States Supreme Court, at the recentYale Commencement received the honorarydegree of Doctor of Laws.Dr. Frank Billings, who for ten years hasbeen Professor of Medicine in the Universityof Chicago, received from Harvard Universityat its recent Commencement the honorarydegree of Doctor of Science. Professor Bil­lings has been Dean of the Faculties of RushMedical College for the last fifteen years, hasbeen president of the American Medical Asso­ciation, and president of the National Associa­tion for the Study and Prevention of Tuber­culosis.Leave of absence has been granted by theBoard of Trustees of the University of Chi­cago to Dr. Pietro Stoppani, of the Depart­merit of Romance Languages and Literaturesat the University. The leave of absence ex­tends for a year from the opening of theAutumn Quarter in October.Dr. Stoppani intends to enter the Italianarmy, and expects to be assigned to servicein the hospital corps.Dr. Susan H. Ballou, '97, of the Departmentof Latin in the University, has accepted theheadship of the department of Latin in theWestern Normal School of Michigan at Kala­mazoo.Dr. Ballou has been an instructor in theLatin department of the University for thelast eight years. She was at one time atraveling fellow of the Association of Colle­giate Alumnae, and a Carnegie research fellowin Latin literature, and received her Doctor'sdegree at the University of Giessen.In July the University Preachers were:July 4, Dean Shailer Mathews ; July 11, Pro­fessor Francis A. Christie, of the MeadvilleTheological Seminary, Meadville, Pa. ; July18, President Ozora S. Davis, of the ChicagoTheological Seminary ; July 25, Dean DavidJ ones Evans, of William Jewell College, Lib­erty, Mo.The Convocation address at the Ninety­sixth (September) Convocation of the U niver­sity of Chicago will be given by ProfessorNathaniel Butler, A.M., D.D., LL.D., of theSchool of Education. His subj ect will be"Liberal Education and the Time-Spirit." Theexercises of the Autumn Convocation will beheld on Friday, September 3.Dr. Butler was for six years president ofColby College, Maine. He was at one timeprofessor of rhetoric and English literature inthe old University of Chicago, professor ofLatin at the University of lllinois, and alsofor a number of years professor of the Eng-294 ,THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINElish language and literature in the same in­stitution, and later Director of the UniversityExtension Division in the University of Chi­cago. For several years also he was Deanof the College of Education at Chicago andfor fourteen years he has been Director ofCo-operation with Secondary Schools.At the close of the present Summer Quarterat the University of Chicagoj.Associate Pro­fessor J. Paul Goode, of the .Department ofGeography, will conduct a :,:tield course ingeography which will be devoted largely toobservations of industrial development in theWest.The itinerary will include the crossing ofthe Great Plains to Colorado; the CrippleCreek mining district; the fruit districts ofwestern Colorado; Great Salt Lake and, city;copper mining and concentration in the Bing­ham district; a great cattle ranch in centralNevada; the dam and diversion works andthe reclaimed land in' the Truckee-Carson irri­-gation district.In the Sacramento Valley a visit will bemade to the gold-washing plant in the rivergravels, to drowned lands reclaimed and putunder the plow, and to some of the greatorchards and dairy farms; and a week will bespent at San Francisco, with visits to the Ex­position and trips to points of interest in thevicinity.The return trip will include stops at Fresnofor the fruit industry, at Bakersfield for thepetroleum industry, and at Los Angeles forirrigation farming and for the harbor of SanPedro. It is hoped also to spend a day atSan Diego and one at the Grand Canyon ofArizona.The party will return in time for the open­ing of the Autumn Quarter in October.Registration for the course will be strictlylimited to those having adequate geographicpreparation.THE LETTER BOXJune 24, 1915.To the Editor:On behalf of the officers of the Universityof Chicago Club of Japan I send to you thefollowing statement:It is with feelings of the deepest regret thatwe learn of the death of our beloved teacherand friend, Dr. C. R. Henderson. We feelthat our relationship with Dr. Henderson wasa particularly close one because of his visitto us in the early spring of 1913, whereby notonly was the University of Chicago most ablyrepresented but also the bond of friendshipbetween Japan and America strengthened.Those of us who have been privileged to studyunder Dr. Henderson recall as the memory ofa good and great man the unusual manner inwhich he combined breadth of human sym­pathy with high scholarship.Yours truly,D. C. HOLTOM) SecretaryTokyo Gakuin (Duncan Academy), 29 San­aicho, Ushigome, Tokyo, Japan. To the Editor:In a spirit of correcting historical datarather than of criticism or contention, permitme to question the assertion of the reporterof the 1913 Reunion, which appeared in thelast issue of the MAGAZINE. The claim wasthere made that the "Thirteen" was the oldestclass paper regularly issued by a Universityclass. Unless some other class yet unheardfrom has a better claim, I am insisting thatthis distinction belongs to the class of 1911.The first paper issued by this class appearedin May, 1911, and was called The Bulletin.Three numbers of The Bulletin were publishedthat spring. Since that time the official classorgan is called The Eleven) of which fivenumbers have been issued since the graduationof the class. The last number appeared onJ une tst of this year. The paper is en­dowed out of class funds and the class or­ganization plans on making it a permanent in-stitution. Yours very truly,VALLEE O. ApPEL} '11,39 South La Salle Street, Chicago.To the Editor:Sometime ago, while in St. Paul, I calledupon George Edgar Vincent, president of theUniversity of Minnesota. After greeting mein his cordial way he said, "Let me see, whatbusiness is it you are in-bonds?""N 0," I replied, "I am in the other businessinto which University of Chicago graduates go-advertising.""Ah," said he, "another parasitic profes­sion." And then he went on to explain thatsince he had become interested in agriculturaleducation, every business that didn't have todo with growing things in the ground seemedparasitic.I was thinking of this incident the otherday and running over in my mind the namesof Chicago alumni who have gone into theadvertising business. There is a surprisinglot of them. Here are a few:Harry Ford, '04, formerly advertising man­ager of the Chalmers Motor Co., now presi­dent of the Saxon Motor Co.; Lee Maxwell,'03, advertising manager of the AmericanMagazine; Geo. Buckley, ex. '08, advertisingmanager of Woman's Home Companion; H. J.Cunningham, '10, and Melvin J. Adams, '07,with the Carl M. Green Advertising Agency ofDetroit; Bert Sherer, '04, with the AssociatedSunday Magazine; Roy Van Patten, '05, withthe Cheltenham Advertising Agency, NewYork; Barrett C. Andrews, '05, advertisingmanager of Vogue; "Pat" Buckley, ex, west­ern advertising manager of Leslie's Weekly; y]. H. Snitzler, an advertising agent in his ownname, in Chicago; Charles S. Jordan, '06, whoworked for Lord & Thomas for awhile andthen went into the grocery business in Minne­apolis; B. G. Lee, '02, advertising manager ofthe Dayton Department Store, Minneapolis;Harold Barnes, '04, with Everybody's Maga­zine; F. P. Barker, '02, formerly advertisingmanager for Ederheimer, Stein & Co., Chi-CHICAGO ALUMNI CLUB PLANScago, now proprietor of a large clothing storein Fort Wayne ; J as. M. Evans, who attendedClasses and worked in the University presssometimes' years ago, sales manager of theCargill-Peninsular Engraving Co., Detroit;"Duke" Hutchinson, advertising and salesmanager of the Kelly-Springfield Motor TruckCo., Springfield, Ohio; F. G. Burrows, '03,who worked in the advertising department ofthe National Cash Register Co. for awhile andis now assistant news editor of the Philadel­phia Bulletin; W. J. Cuppy, who now is inNew York writing stories and novels andthings, but occasionally dashes off an adver­tisement for Van Patten; "Tod" Nichols, ad­vertising representative for Rock Products,a magazine of the concrete and cement trade;Luther D. Fernald, advertising manager ofthe Leslie-Judge Co.; W. A. McDermid, '07,sales and advertising manager of MennenChemical Co., Newark, N. J., and myself,vice-president of the Carl M. Green Co., De­troit.These are all I can think of now, but itstruck me as rather interesting to find somany Chicago boys in this one line of work,w here we are all thrown together and see oneanother frequently, and where we all have thepleasure of giving each other business fromtime to time.Very truly yours,CHAS. M. STEELE.To the Editor:Some of your readers may be interested inthe work of the following members of ourstaff who are graduates of the university:Estelle B. Hunter, '07, is in charge of aparty of special agents in Waterbury, Conn.,who are engaged in making a study of thecauses of infant mortality in that city.Viola Paradise, '08, is assisting Miss Hun­ter in Waterbury.Marion' Schaffner, '11, is in Akron, Ohio,engaged in making a similar study of infantmortality.Laura A. Thompson, '01, is our popular andefficient librarian. She prepared a bulletin on"Laws Relating to Mothers' Pensions in theUnited States, Denmark and New Zealand,"which was published last year.I have but recently returned to Washingtonafter spending a month in Akron, Ohio, whereI assisted in conducting a house-to-houseenumeration of infant births and deaths; andtwo months in Manchester, N. H., where Ihave been engaged in collecting data in re­gard to wages and unemployment. .I am atpresent editing and tabulating the material.We expect to publish the report on Man­chester this fall. Studies of infant mortalityhave been made in Johnstown, Pa., and inMontclair, N. J. These studies have beenpublished and are available for distribution.With best wishes, I amYours very truly,H. S. RICHARDS, '10,Children's Bureau, Washington, D. C. 295ALUMNI CLUB PLANSThe University of Chicago AlumniClub of Chicago has planned to. establisha fund, to be used at first as a LoanFund, at the service Of selected under­graduates at the University. Applicantswill be passed on by a committee con­sisting of Dean Angell of the University,and a representative of the Club. .The necessity of such a fund to assistpromising students has been made veryplain of late. The Students'. Loan Fundof the University, and the Class of 1914Loan Fund, are insufficient to meet thereal demand. Every year first-rate menare lost to us because they cannot tideover their immediate expenses; theAlumni Club Fund will help 'to savethem both for the University and fortheir own further services to the world.The first loans from the Alumni Fundwill be made next October.You are earnestly requested to sendyour contributions to the Fund-in theform of an annual subscription for fouryears, if possible-to George Fair­weather, Treasurer, 134 S. LaSalle St.,Chicago, at your earliest convenience.Any sum from $1.00 upward will bewelcome, and we hope to receive a goodmany subscriptions of $5.00 or $10.00annually. Remember that the pur poseof the Fund is as much. to �tnify the spiritof loyalty in the Club as to provide helpto the undergraduates who. deserve it;and that it willi be far better to get$2)000 a year from 500 men than$IOJOOO from 50.Please either join in the plan or sendus your reason for not doing so. Forwhether you join or do not join, it is�vou we want particularly) with or unth­out your mane}'.The collection and administration ofthe Fund will be in charge of a com­mittee of your membership made up asfollows:William Scott Bond, '97, Chairman;George Fairweather, '08, Secretary296 ,THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEand Treasurer} 1'34 S. LaSalle St.Telephone Franklin 214.James Weber Linn, '97.John F. Hagey, '98.Willoughby G. Walling, '99.Harvey Harris, '14.This is a good cause and we ask yourearnest co-operation to further it.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO ALUMNICLUB.Herbert P. Zimmermann, '01,President,NEWS OF THE CLASSESMabel Gordon Dunlap, ex-'96, ofClarksburg, W. Va., now Mme. SlavkaGrouitch, wife of the Under-Secretaryof Foreign Affairs for Servia, has beenin this country for some months raisingfunds for the stricken people of heradopted land. She has been particularlysuccessful in raising money for agricul­tural seeds and implements and hospitalsupplies. Her permanent address willbe in care of the Mabel Grouitch BabyHospital, Nish, Servia.Henry Thurtell, who was a specialstudent of mathematics in the Universityin '96, is an examiner for the InterstateCommerce Commission and chairman ofthe Fourth Section Board. He is fre­quently in Chicago conducting hearings.Chas. K. Bliss, '96 CA. M., '10, Illi­nois), is Instructor in History and Civicsin the Seattle High School.Glenn Hall, '99, has been singing thissummer in "The Lady in Red" at thePrincess. Hall is a member of BetaTheta Pi and was, as an undergraduate,leader of the glee club.LeRoy B. White, M. A. '04, has beenmade professor of mathematics andphysics in the Idaho Technical Institute,Pocatello, Idaho.Adelbert T. Stewart, '04, who hasbeen for some years London agent ofthe American Radiator Company, hasreturned to the United States to takecharge of the South American depart- ment of the National City Bank, 55 Wallstreet, N ew YorkCatherine Cutler Gove, '05, is married.Her present name and address are Mrs.Lester L. Collou, 314 Westerveldtavenue, New Brighton, Staten Island,New York.James F. Chamberlain, '05, writes thathe has been at the California State Nor­mal School "for a long, long time and,of course, believes that Los Angeles isone of the best spots on earth." He saysthere are about fi fteen teachers in thatschool who have done some work atChicago.Norman Barker, '08, who has beenfarming at Filer, Idaho, has rented hisproperty and is now occupied as roadsupervisor around Filer.Ivan Doseff, '08, has been made coachof athletics in Fargo College, N orthDakota. Doseff has recently been incharge of the Cornell Square playgroundand developed the Cornell Square basketball team, A. A. U. champions.A request in the June MAGAZINE toknow the whereabouts of \\T. J. Cuppybrought answers from various people,not including Cuppy. He is living at221 Elderwood avenue, Pelham, N. J.,and writing. Paul O'Donnell, who sentin this information first, adds that he hasmoved his own law offices to 1220 Mer­chants Loan and Trust Building, nextdoor to Charles W. Paltzer's.Martin D. Stevers, '12, has been madeassistant editor of the Technical WorldMagazine. His a"ddress is now 1364 E.56th street.Walter Steffen, '10, has been made anassistant corporation counsel of Chicago.N. E. Tarrson, J. D. '13, who has beenpracticing law in Cleveland, Ohio, with"Zuke" Kassulker, has returned to Chi­cago and is at 848 29 S. LaSalle street.Helen Knight!' '15, has been made in­structor in domestic science at the Uni­versity of Maine.Lillian Ryder, '15, will teach atAntigo, Wisconsin, next year.ENGAGEMENTS) MARRIAGESIris Spohn, '15, has been made headof the department of household arts atthe Frances Shimer School at Mt.Carroll.Esther Birch, '15, will teach next yearat Lexington, Illinois.Colleen Browne, '15, has joined theeditorial staff of LaSalle ExtensionUniversity, which now has twelve Chi­cago graduates on its staff.Burt Kennedy, ex, recently instructorin geology and athletic director of LakeForest College, has been for somemonths with Swift and Company. Hewas at first a car route salesman, sell­ing different products in small towns,but has now been transferred to theBeef Department in Chicago.Thomas W. Kimball, ex-'lO, has leftthe employ of Swift and Company andis working for A. B. Leach & Co., bonddealers.John Lo fty - ex, has been electedprincipal of the Wichita (Kansas) highschool. He is president of the CitySuperintendents' Association of Kansas.ENGAGEMENTSJames Burrell Meigs, ex-'lO, andDorothea Hamilton Skinner of 5129Dorchester avenue. Meigs was firstbaseman on the 1909 team, and is amember of Phi Kappa Psi. The an­nouncement of the engagement was fol­lowed by the receipt of a letter threat­ening. mysterious horrors unless $500were left at a certain spot and time.The letter was first attributed to thew. k. "Black Hand," but later to friendsof Meigs who saw a chance for a prac­tical joke.Harold L. Brown, ex-'09, to PhyllisMargaret Patterson of 4739 Inglesideavenue. Brown is a member of DeltaTau Delta.Louise Avery, '15, of 5460 RidgewoodCourt, to John G. Burtt, '15.Margery Schell Rosing, ex, and Dr.Walter Kirchner of St. Louis. Thewedding will take place in September. 297MARRIAGESMilton S. Cushman, ex-'14, professorof English at McKendree College, andMiss Eleanor Clapp of the class of 1915of McKendree, were married at Leb­anon, Illinois, on June 18.Anna McLaughlin, '15, and FrankBurleson, '15, were married at Wood­land Park, Illinois, on June 26. BothMr. and Mrs, Burleson were membersof the College of Commerce and Ad­ministration. Mr. Burleson is a specialinvestigator for the Juvenile ProtectiveAssociation.Mildred D. Thayer, '14, and ThomasA. Tamlyn were married on June 26at Morgan Park, Illinois. Mr. and Mrs.Tamlyn will be at home after Septem­ber 1 at 6603 Minerva avenue.Dorothy Rose Lee Goodrow, ex-'14,and Emory J. Price, Jr., were marriedat Elgin, Illinois, on June 12. Mrs.Price has been for some time a teacherin the Elgin schools. Mr. Price, a grad­uate of Grinnell College, is a teacher ofhistory in the Elgin high school.Joseph S. Allen, ex-'OO, and OellaThompson of Des Moines, Iowa, weremarried on June 12 in Chicago, wherethey will live at 5722 Kimbark avenue.John J. Schommer, '09, and ElsieSteffen were married in June at Chicago.John Schommer was one of the best­known athletes who ever wore the C.and one of two to secure the insignia infour branches of sport-baseball, foot­ball, basketball and track. Mrs. Schom­mer is a sister of Walter Steffen,equally well known with Schommer inChicago athletics. Schommer has beenfor some time instructor in chemistryat Armour Institute, and expert advisorychemist for a number of business firms.Marjorie Gillies, ex-'12, and JamesMarion Miles were married in Juneat. 6931 Euclid avenue, Chicago.Bess Courtright, '12, and Arthur C.Perry were married at 5630 Blackstoneavenue, Chicago.. on. June 5. Mr. andMrs. Perry will live in New York City.298 .THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEEdna Marie Ericson, ' 11, and A. R.McGuire were married in Duluth, Minn.,on July 8. Mr. McGuire is a graduateof Wisconsin (1911) and superintend­ent of a mine at Ironton, Minn.John Y. Lee, '07, and Maud Seth weremarried in Chicago on J nne 30._ Emilie Barrington Wright, ex-'04, andThomas R. Philbin were married inChicago on June 26. They will be athome near Ludington, Michigan, afterAugust 1.Evon Z. Vogt, ex-'06, and ShirleyBergman were married at Tracy, Illi­nois, on June 26. Mr. and Mrs. V ogtwill live on a ranch near Ramah, N.Mex.DEATHSClifford B. McGillivray, ex-'96, acharter member of Delta Delta of DeltaKappa Epsilon, member of the firstfootball and baseball teams of the Uni­versity, and one of the best-knownundergraduates of the early days, diedon July 11 at Chicago, probably of blood­poisoning, following an operation forgoitre. Soon after leaving the Univer­sity, McGillivray went to work for Swiftand Company, and had been with thatfirm for eighteen years when he died.He learned the business in all detailsand held various responsible positions.About three years ago he left Chicagofor Canada, and recently had beentraveling for the company in SouthAmerica. He leaves a wife and twochildren.BIRTHS1. Leo Wolkow, '09, and Mrs. Wo�­kow announce the birth of a daughter,Leah Ruth, on June 15, at Louisville,Kentucky.Morris L. Horner and Mrs. Horner(Mary Margaret Lee, '06) announce thebirth of a daughter, Blanch AlexandriaHorner, at 120 Walnut street, Alex­andria, Virginia, on June 23.David Allan Robertson, '02, and Mrs.Robertson announce the birth of a son, David Allan II., on July 30, at 6025Kimbark avenue, Chicago.Clark C. Steinbeck, '07, and Mrs.Steinbeck announce the arrival of asecond son, Alden Clark, on June 22, atRiver Forest, Ill. Their first son, Dick­son Foss, is now five years old.THE ASSOCIATION OF DOCTORSOF PHILOSOPHYThe Eleventh Annual MeetingIn response to the invitation of Presi­dent Judson the Association of Doctorsof Philosophy met at the QuadrangleClub on Tuesday, June 15th, to partici­pate in the eleventh annual compli­mentary luncheon tendered by theUniversity. There were present seventy­two persons, including Dean Angell,Dean Small, Dean Mathews, and DeanSalisbury, together with the twenty-sixcandidates for the doctorate who wereto receive their degrees at the convoca­tion in the afternoon. President J udson,together with the president of the asso­ciation, welcomed the doctors and thecandidates and was present to deliverhis words of greeting at the close of theluncheon, notwithstanding his engage­ment with the convocation orator at aprivate luncheon in another part of theQuadrangle Club.The following candidates for thedoctorate were welcomed to member­ship in the association by departments:Engli:h Language and Literature:George Wiley Sherburn.Pathology : Julian Herman Lewis.Geology: Edward Moore JacksonBurwash, Joel Ernest Carman, KirtleyFletcher Mather, Terence ThomasQuirke, Luther Crocker Snider, EugeneAustin Stephenson.Astronomy: John William CampbellLouis Allen Hopkins.Anatomy: Elizabeth Caroline Crosby.Botany: Herman Bacher Deutsch,James Frederick Groves, Andrew Hen­derson Hutchinson.Physiology : Walter Lee Gaines.THE ASSOCIATION OF DOCTORS OF PHILOSOPHY 299Mathematics: Olive Clio Hazlett, C.R. Dines, Viiicent Collins Poor,Chemistry: Edmund Charles Hum­phrey, Edwin Daniel Leman.Psychology: Harry Dexter Kitson.Physics: J ohri Yiu-bong Lee, IsaiahMarch Rapp.Zoology : Bertha Edith Martin.Education: Edward Alanson Miller.Political Economy: Duncan Alex-ander MacGibbon, Edwin GriswoldNourse.New Testament: \Villard HaskellRobinson, Jr., Arthur Wakefield Slaten.The following members of the Asso­ciation were present:Theo. L. Neff, F. R. Moulton, C. J.Chamberlain, L. E. Dickson, Rollin T.Chamberlain, G. A. Bliss, A. D. Brokaw,L. C. Raiford, H. C. Cowles, F. W.Shipley, F. A. Bernstorff, B. L. Ullman,H. H. Newman, Samuel MacClintock,T. G. Soares, C. R. Baskerville, JessieL. Jones, Clara Schmitt, S. \V. Ranson,F. W. Dignan, S. S. Visher, M. G. Gaba,Mrs. Ambrose V. Powell, B. F. Davis,A. P. Fors, G. D. Fuller, T. G. Allen,J. M. P. Smith, H. G. Wells, A. C. vonN oe, Ellsworth Faris, Charles Goettsch,O. W. Caldwell, H. G. Gale, ShiroTashiro, Emily H. Dutton, E. S. Bishop,Wanda M. Pfeiffer, P. N. Leech,Arnold Dresden, H. L. Schoolcraft, J.L. Hancock, Katharine E. Dopp, D. M.Robinson, F. H. Pike, J. O. Lofberg.After the luncheon the secretary pre­sented some figures concerning the totalnumber Qof doctors up to the present,showing that there are now 746 men and133 women who have received the doc­tor's degree from the University ofChicago, making a total of 879, includ­ing the 29 new candidates at this con­vocation. Of the total number ofdoctors there are now 23 deceased.Three have died during the past year,namely:1. Miss Mildred L. Sanderson, A. B.Mt. Holyoke, Ph. D. Chicago, 1913, inthe department of mathematics and astronomy. She was instructor at theUniversity of Wisconsin. She wastaken ill during the spring and died onOctober 15, 1914�2. Edward Payson Morton, A. B.Harvard, '92, A. M. Harvard, '92, Ph.D. Chicago, '10, in the department ofEnglish. He was formerly assistantprofessor of English at the Universityof Iowa, but was residing in Chicago atthe time of his death, on April 2, 1915.3. Edna Daisy Day (Mrs. A. L.Hyde), S. B. Michigan, '96; S. M.Michigan, '97; Ph. D. Chicago, 1906.She died on June 7, 1915, at Columbia,Mo. She was formerly a professor inthe University of Kansas.There was no unfinished business be­fore the meeting except a further reportof the committee appointed in 1913whose partial report was made in 1914in regard to. the various form of activi­ties employed by the departments of theUniversity in respect to the appointmentand promotion of doctors. The com­mittee, of which Dr. Bonner was chair­man, reported through the secretary ofthe Association that the investigationsof the committee were still going on andthat much interesting information hadbeen gathered, all of which was to bemade known through the proper chan­nels to. the various heads of departments.The secretary called attention to thefact that the University is to. celebrateits twenty-fifth anniversary in 1916 andthat the Doctor's Association should as­sume an appropriate role in the programon that occasion. Suggestions wereasked for in writing in regard to thismatter.UpQon motion of the Association, thepresident appointed a nominating com­mittee, consisting of C. J. Chamberlain,Frank W. Dignan and A. D. Brokaw, topropose officers for the year 1915-16.In accordance with the nominationsmade by this committee, the followingofficers were elected for the year 1915-16: For president, Samuel MacClin-300 ,THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO 1\1IAGAZINEtack, '08; for vice-president, Thea. L.Neff, '96; for secretary-treasurer, Her­bert E. Slaught, '98. For additionalmembers of the executive committeeFrank W. Dignan, '05, and Ethel M.Terry, '14.The report of the treasurer was asfollows:Balance from the year 1913-14 .. $ 23.75Dues collected during the year.. 108.50Total received $132.25Expenses-Printing, postage, clerical assist­ance, etc., for two circularletters 55.47Balance on hand $ 76.78The treasurer reported that during theyear the sum of $40.75 which had beendeposited in the Hyde Park Bank wasat present not available for immediateuse but that it was hoped in the notdistant future that a large proportion ofit would be redeemed by the depositors'committee who have the bank's affairsin charge.upon motion it was voted that thesecretary be relieved of personal re­sponsibility for the amount of fundsdeposited in the Hyde Park Bank towhatever extent these funds prove to heunavailable.By rising vote the Association indi­cated unanimous appreciation of thehospitality of the University tenderedthrough President Judson and instructedthe secretary to convey this resolutionto hi111. The Association feels deeplygrateful to the University, not only forthe provision of this annual luncheon,but more specifically for the kindly in­terest manifest by the University in thisway.H. E. Slaught,Secretary- Treasurer.Among the volumes in the SchoolEfficiency series edited by Prof. Hanusof Harvard are two by graduates of theUniversity and a third by one who took a part of his work here. Ernest CarrollMoore, '98, professor of education atHarvard and president of the New Eng­land Association of Colleges and Pre­paratory Schools, submits his report on"How N ew York City Administers itsSchools" -a report commissioned andthen rejected by the New York Boardof Estimate, and here presented for thejudgment of the public on its truth andvalue. Frank P. Bachman, A. B. '06(Ph. D. Columbia), educational expertto the N ew York Board of Estimate,writes on "Intermediate Schools." Cal­vin O. Dairs, graduate student in edu­cation (Ph. D. Harvard, '10), writes on"High School Courses of Study."The July number of the CenturyMagazine contains an article by GeorgeCreel, "A Way to Industrial Peace,"describing the work of Earl DeanHoward, '02, Ph. D. '05, with Hart,Schaffner & Marx.E. C. Griffith, '02, professor and headof the department of political scienceand history at William Jewell College,is teaching in the Missouri UniversitySummer School, in the department ofpolitical science.Emil Goetch, '06 (he seems to havedropped one "T" out of his name), whohas been for three years resident sur­geon at the Peter B. Bingham hospitalin Boston and assistant in surgery at theHarvard Medical School, has acceptedan appointment, from October 1, to thesurgical staff of Johns Hopkins MedicalSchool, with the rank of Associate. Hiswork will consist of experimental andsurgical investigation in internal secre­tions, with special reference to the thy­roid and thymus glands. In this workDr. Goetsch will be associated withProf. W. S. Halsted, on whose staff hewas an assistant resident surgeon beforegoing to Boston.E. L. Talbert, University of Cincin­nati, published an article on "The PlayAttitude and the School Fraternity" inATHLE.TICSthe May number of the Popular ScienceMonthly.R. M. Ihrig, '14, is teaching Frenchat the Wooster College Summer School.After the middle of August he goes toPittsburgh as Assistant Professor ofModem Languages at the carnegie In­stitute.H. E. Slaught, '98, and Nels ]. Lennes,'07, are again working together at Mis­soula, Montana, on another of the seriesof Slaught and Lennes text-books 111mathematics.C. Everett Conant, '11, professor ofmodern languages at the University ofChattanooga (Tennessee), is conducting 301a course of lectures on Latin-Americaand instructing two large classes inSpanish under the auspices of theChamber of Commerce at Birmingham,Alabama. The course of six weeks'duration is provided by the CarnegiePeace Foundation, and Birmingham isthe first city of the South to extend theprivilege of such courses to its businessmen. The enrollment in the classesamounts to more than one hundred anda Spanish-American club has been or­ganized as an outgrowth of the interestmanifested in the Spanish language asa means of promoting business relationswith Central and South America.ATHLETICSThe Japan Trip.-The baseball team leftChicago en route to Japan on August 3,and will sail from San Francisco August25 on the Mongolia. Between those datesa game will be played practically everyday, the schedule being as follows:August 4, St. Paul, Minn.; August 5,Mandan, N. D.; August 6, Billings, Mont.;August 7, Butte, Mont.; August 9, Hamil­ton, Mont.; August JO, Missoula, Mont.;August 11, Thompson Falls, Mont.; August12, Spokane, Wash.; August 13, Olympia,Wash.; August 14, Chehalis, Wash.: August16, Portland, Ore.; August 18, Sacramento,Cal.; August 19, Sacramento, Cal.; August21, Olympia Athletic Club, Ewing Field,San Francisco, Cal.Of these games the most imposing wasthat on August 9 at Hamilton, Montana,arranged by F. D. Nichols, '97; the gov­ernor of Montana and other high officialswere present, and a local holiday was de­clared.. The team will stop over ten daysin the Hawaiian Islands, where a series ofgames will be played with the Oahu Base­ball League, which is composed of Chinese,Portuguese, Hawaiian, and United StatesService teams.On September 10 the party will leaveHonolulu on the "Shinyo Maru," arrivingin Nippon about September 21. FromYokohama the team will go to Tokyo,where headquarters will be established fora month's visit.The three international series of gamesto be played will be against the three lead­ing universities of Japan-Waseda, Keio,and Meiji. Professor Iso Abe, the fatherof Japanese baseball, has sent word that the first game will be played on their na­tional holiday, Friday, September 24.The party includes: Laureston W. Gray(captain), Paul R. De sjar dien, Edward F.Kixmiller, Fletcher A. Catron, Ernest D.Cavin, Robert N. McConnell, J. EdwardCole, Norman G. Hart, Roland H. George,David Wiedemann, Abraham H. Rudolph,Coach Harlan O. Page and Associate Pro·fessor Chester W. Wright, of the depart­ment of Political Economy. Of these,Catron is a 1914 man, now in the law­school; Gray, Des] ardien and Kixmiller,all 1915, have. finished their universitycareers; Cavin, George, Cole and McCon­nell are seniors next year; Hart, a junior,and Wiedemann and Rudolph, sophomores.Page will play only in non-collegiate games.For a twelve-man squad the group is.remarkably fortified against trouble. Hart,Cole and Des] ardien are all good catchers;Page, Desj ar dien, Kixmiller and Georgewill pitch; Gray, Desjardien and Georgeare good first-basemen; Cole, McConnell,Kixmiller, Cavin and Rudolph are infield­ers, and· Gray, Cavin, Kixmiller, Georgeand Wiedemann are excellent outfielders.The strongest possible line-up would prob­ably include Page as pitcher; Hart, catcher;DesJardien, first; Cole, second; McConnell,short; Cavin, third, and Gray, George andWiedemann in the outfield, a team prob­ably equal to any amateur aggregation inthe country; but all sorts of combinationswill be used. The team will return earlyin December, but Professor Wright willleave them in China and come back throughIndia, returning to the university for thesummer quarter 1916.302 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINETracl�.-Five men, Leroy Campbell, BingaDismond, Duerson Knight, Herman J. Stege­man and John W. Breathed, led by CoachStagg, went to San Francisco late inJuly to engage in the A. A. U. nationalchampionships. Dismond left on July 25 tofamiliarize himself with the straight-awayquarter-mile track; the others left onJUly 28, via Denver and Salt Lake City.In Denver they foregathered with theeditor of the MAGAZINE) who learned onunimpeachable evidence that Knight wasvery short of work, having taken a three­weeks' vacation after college dosed, andthat Stegeman had strained a tendonslightly in practice; the others were in goodcondition. At Salt Lake City they weremet and entertained by a group of alumniheaded by F. F. Steigmyer, track captainin '97. In the Junior Championships, heldon August 6, for which only Knight, Stege­man and Breathed were eligible, Stegemanwas second in the half in 1 :58, and Breathedthird in the quarter in 47, the latter recordbeing disallowed, however, on account ofa high wind directly behind the runners.Knight did not place in either the 100 orthe 220, which were won in 9 4/5 and 21seconds respectively (both records disallowed).It was a great disappointment that Capt.Francis Ward could not accompany theteam, but he was detained in Chicago onbusiness. The men went after the races toLos Angeles, where they were entertainedby the alumni clubs there. Professor Staggwill spend the remainder of the summer ""1nIdaho Springs, Colorado. He is in ex­cellent health and ready for the fall cam­paign.Football.-As the next issue of theMAGAZINE does not appear till November,it seems fitting here to give some forecastof the football team. This" spring the prac­tice was even more successful than last year, and the outlook is good. The possi­ble line-up will be Fisher, center; McCon­nell and Scanlan, guards; Shull' and J ack­son, tackles; Sparks and Bre1os, ends;Captain Russell, quarter; Gordon, Schafer,Pershing and Cohn, halves, and Flood andDobson, full-backs. Of these all but Bre1os,Cohn, Pershing and Dobson are veterans.Br elos and Pershing are sophomores, andCohn and Dobson, juniors, ineligible lastyear. Among the other good men areRedmon, Brodie, Harper, Day, Hawk,Marum and Agar. Of the veterans, Capt.Russell, as usual, is in splendid conditionand will play rings around any opponent.Fisher, Jackson and Gordon are all heavierand faster than last season, and are notlikely to meet their superiors. Shull isalways of all-western calibre. McConnelllearned a lot last fall and, with his greatweight and size, will make a fine player.Scanlan knows football from A to Z, andis keenly anxious to wipe out the stigmaof his ineligibility in 1914. Sparks, Schaferand Flood are heavy and reliable, but notas fast as could be wished. Of the newmen Pershing and Cohn are rather light.but fast as a flash; both have done the50-yard dash in 5 3/5. Brelos is stocky,fast and intelligent; as an example of hisathletic fibre may be mentioned the factthat, taking up hammer-throwing for trufirst time this spring, although he weighsonly 163 pounds, he has already thrown itin practice 140 feet. Dobson weighs nearly200 and is much faster than Flood. Theline will average over 180 pounds, the back­field about 167� the team about 176. WithCoach Stagg able to keep after the men,the team should give a first-rate account ofitself. The principal opponent will beMinnesota, with Illinois and Wisconsin alsovery strong.I Tke righ��:�:�:�':�:�r�it;�'��.��:hanquet. !frllllllllllllllllll:, 1111111111111111111:11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111;:; J"""''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' "''''''''' """"'''''''''''''''''''''''' " """"'''''''''''''''''''''''''''' """""""""""""''''}� The Alumni office has on hand cop- �ies of the "Magazine," volumes 3, 4,5, and 6, except numbers 1 and 3.involume 3, number 7 in volume 4, andnumber 3 in volume 5. If any Alum­nus wishes copies to complete his file,they are to be had for ten cents each.alllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllill1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIliiTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 303NoticeTO; MEMBERS OF THE COLLEGE ALUMNI ASSOCIATIONAll members of the College Alumni Association are requested to vote fordelegates to the Alumni Council. In addition to. the hold-over delegates, thereare six to be elected. The nominating committee, in accordance with the instruc­tions voted at the annual business meeting held June 11th, submit the followingtwelve candidates. Kindly vote for six of the twelve, sign your name at thebottom and mail the ballot immediately to Box 9, Faculty Exchange, Universityof Chicago. The polls will close at noon, Friday, September 3rd.BALLOT(Vote for six)For Delegates to the Alumni Council0 McNair, Frank, '03.0 Coulter, Grace, '99.0 Brown, Scott, '97.0 Thompson, Martha Landers, '03.0 Matthews, Rudy, '04.0 Carroll, Mollie, , 11.0 Wormser, Leo, '05.0 Ricketts, Helen, '15.0 Sulcer, Henry, '06.0 Graff, Jane, '12.0 Whiting, Lawrence, Ex., '13.0 Freeman, Helen, '05.Name � .Address ...................................•.•.. '.-.304 .THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINETHE TOBEY SEM·I.AN!N·UAL S.ALEFurniture, Curtains and Fabrics,Oriental RugsTHE illustration is typical of the hundredsof bargains we are now offering in alllines_pf _ fumjJqre.. There are suites and singlepieces for every room of the house; in all ap­propriate styles; in the various finishes of oak,American walnut and mahogany, and in enamel.The immense collection includes both simpleand elaborate, at prices to suit all incomes. Price $19. (Formerly $28.)Adam Mahogany Wing Chair withexquisite detail, large an'! comfortable.THE TOBEY FURNITURE COMPAIYCHICAGO: Wabash Avenue and Washington StreetNew York Store: 669 Fifth Avenue"Swift's Premium' is more than a name. It is an award.Only products of finest quality are ever so branded.Ham and bacon of only the highest grade are giventhat label.Selection is the first step in preparation. "Swift's Prem­ium" Hams and Bacon are fine-textured, firm and sound,taken from corn-fed porkers, U. S. Government Inspectedand Passed. !Next they are immersed in a mild "sugar cure."This gives them sweetness, and some of the flavor that marks"Swift's Premium" products.Then srnoking--hours over fragrant hickory-wood fires­lends piquancy to .the flavor, adds zest to the taste, andgives the meat its ruddy, appetizing appearance. The exacttime devoted to smoking, and also to curing, is a secret­the result of patient search for perfection.When you purchase' 'Swift's Premiurn" Hams and Baconyou secure products which are put on tlie market as the"last word" in tenderness, appearance and flavor. Swift &Company's reputation is behind each pound produced."Swift's Premium" is more thana name. It is an award;