The University of ChicagoMagazineJANUARY 1915 NUMBER 3VOLUME VIIEVENTS and COMMENTThis issue of the Magazine) calledsomewhat formidably the Law SchoolNumber, justifies its title only by giying_a sketch of the history of theThe Law Law School and by all the as­School certainable recent informationconcerning its graduates. Forthe sketch the Magazine is indebted toDean Hall, for the alumni information- in part to Dean Hall and principally to R.E. Schreiber, L '07, secretary-treasurerof the Law School Association. TheLaw School has a place in the Universityand among law schools too well knownto gain by editorial comment. It isthorough, scholarly, cosmopolitan andvital. Of its graduates 19 are now teach­ing law, and' 196 are practicing in thecity of Chicago alone. Promise of indi­viduals aside, it is beyond all questionthat in twenty years the influence of .Chi­cago law men upon legal study and uponthe legal (and ethical) practices of Chi­cago will be very great. They will con­stitute a body which will be a tremendousfactor in the judgment of the country andthe community concerning the University.To secure their real interest in the wholeuniversity, not in the law schools only, isessential. The Magazine will from nowon do its part, however trifling, to thisend.What, by the way, is the Univer­sity driving at? What is its aim? Ofthis one hears much talk, but oddlyenough far more from the faculty thanfrom the alumni. AtThe Purpose of, the University alumni me e tin g swhich the writer hasbeen privileged to at- tend, the University has been curiouslytaken for granted. There it stands; ithas at the moment 3,000 students andmore than forty million dollars in prop­erty; and its object is education. Whatkind of education? The famous desireof Ezra Cornell was to found _an insti­tution where anyone could study any­thing that interested him. What is ourdesire here? Whither are we tending?Analysis of the occupations of the alumniin the directory last year showed that3,287 out of 7,094 were teaching. Thatis almost 45 per cent. Law, medicineand the mini-stry occupied M550 more, orpractically 20 per cent; and of thosespecifying no occupation ,1- principallymarried women and girls living at home-there -were 1,263, or nearly 18 per cent.That accourits for 83 per cent of thewhole number. Business, manufacturing,agriculture, upon which the materialprosperity of the nation depends; art 'andliterature, which' largely determine thenational ideals; and government, whichassumes to direct its' course-these andall other pursuits- combined had engagedthe attention of less j than 18 per cent ofour graduates. Of course the directorytook into account only a small nmber ofthose who have actually matriculated �tthe Universitv. The last matriculationnumber issued in 1914 was 54,375-near­ly 55,000 entering our .doors since Oc­tober, 1892. Of this anpy many doubt­less are ploughing other than professionalfields. Even so, on the statistics a vail­able, the University would seem to havebeen largely a professional trainingschool. .What of it? Has this been our planfrom the first, or have we drifted into it?68 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZL.VEAnd if it has been our plan, what is theplace in the scheme ofWhat of It? things for the under-graduate body? Thelaw school, the pre-medical school, thedivinity school, the graduate school, thecollege of education, presumably knowexactly what they are trying to do-andthey are trying to train men and womenin professions. The college of commerceand administration also has a pretty defi­nite aim, with a scheme, of course, to fur­ther- it. But what about the rest of theundergraduates? Are they being trainedfor anything in particular? Or is therea call for general training to which theUniversity definitely conceives itselfto be responding? Certainly, there isa call among students in the East, and itis answered by many a college, little andbig, offering "cultural" studies of allkinds. But is it not a call which comesonly from the sons and daughters of thewell-to-do? And is not the student in awestern college very much more likely tobe a bit more dependent on his own re­sources than is his brother at Yale andAmherst, or his sister at Smith and BrynMawr? What is the demand of the west­ern undergraduate, and is the Universityof Chicago answering it more intelli­gently than the state universities are? Ifso, how? I f not, what then? These arequestions that seem to concern everyalumnus keen for the best for his almamater. Why does one almost never hearalumni discussing them? Right answersthere must be: is it not largely the func­tion of the alumni body to find out whatthe right answers are, and to make themknown for the University's advantage?Why have we not a Chicago AlumniClub scholarship? Every year there aregood men who would like to go to theUniversity, but whoA Scholarship cannot afford it ; theyWanted must go elsewhere or. nowher-e. The AlumniClub ought to found a scholarship, or more than one, to secure some of thesemen for Chicago. And the scholarshipshould not be one which covers tuitiononly. The holders of it ought to be givena chance to' show the best they have. Oneor more scholarships carrying $320 a yeareach, awarded either competitively Dr bya committee, the Club should establish.Eighty men who would each give twenty­five dollars a year could provide for sixsuch scholarships. The effect on the uni­versity, from every point of view, eventhe point of view of advertising, wouldbe good. Better still would be the effecton the club. Nothing binds people moreclosely than a little common sacrifice fora common ideal.This tie, or some other, is needed bythe Club. There are in Chicago twenty­three hundred former students of theUniversity on the Club mail­Getting \ ing list. At the dinner inTogether November, 138 were present.The cost of advertising thedinner was approximately one dollar perattendant. The price of the dinner was$2.50; but even so there was a deficit ofsomething like a hundred and fifty dol­lars, which was quietly made up by thesame group that has had practice in mak­ing up similar deficits in the past. Ofcourse, $2.50 is too much to charge;many of the younger men undoubtedlywere kept away by the price, for it mustbe borne in mind that these dinners cometwice a year, and that fraternity dinners,and Blackfriar dinners, and Owl andSerpent dinners, and others of the sort,have also to be considered. Of course,also, the publicity cost too much. A planis now being discussed to kill two birdsat once by sending out alumni club no­tices through the Magazine; thus savingmoney in advertising, and helping tomake the Magazine a real organ insteadof a tin whistle. Even so, the Club needsto aim higher and shoot harder.Not all even of those who go to thedinners understand the place of the ClubTHE LAW SCHOOLin alumni affairs. Several highly intelli­.gent alumni, reading theBuffoon-erx; preliminary notice which, announced that $2.50 paidfor the "dinner, "the annual dues and theyearly Buffoon:" forgot that the Club hasno dues and failed to distinguish betweenthe Buffoon. and the Magazine. (Yes,there are several distinctions. For onething, the Buffoon is clever. For an­other, the M aqaeine is published ninetimes a year.) So when later these alumniwere told they were delinquent in theirsubscriptions to the Alumni Associationand to the Magazine} they protested. Thisparagraph is for their enlightenment.The December, 1913, issue of theMagazine contained the statement thatErnest DeKoven Leffingwell, who hadbeen rumored lost in"Leff,"Polar Bearer northern seas, was safe.He got horne in October,and has just written for 69the M aqaeine an account of his sevenyears among the ice, which is publishedin this issue. Leffingwell graduated fromTrinity College in 1895, and entered Chi­cago in 1896. In those golden days, agraduate student had rights of athleticcompetition, which "Leff" used to thefull. He ran the hundred in ten seconds"played a great game of football, and hadno rival in the standing broad grin. In1898 the war with Spain broke out. Lef­fingwell knew the Oregon was on the Pa­cific Coast. He caught the first trainwest, enlisted on the Oregon} and cameround the Horn on her world-famoustrip. After the war he returned, and inthe intervals of his polar work groundaway at physics and geology. Hundredsof alumni (and alumnae) know him per­sonally, and his article so exactly repre­sents him that it is like having a chatwith him to read it.The Law School-A ReviewThe project of establishing a LawSchool in the University, which hadbeen under consideration for sometime, was definitely undertaken in thewinter and spring of 1902. After wideconsultation it was deemed best, inview or the condition and existingneeds of legal education in this country,to establish a school that should nor­mally require a college education foradmission. The principal reasons forthis decision were as follows:New law schools are not needed inthis part of the country unless they areprepared to give the best possible legaltraining to students whose educationand maturity have fitted them to pur­sue serious professional work. Thestudy of law is no task for immatureminds, and boys just out of high schoolcan comprehend neither the basis of social experience upon which legal prin­ciples really rest, nor the nature of thosesocial problems that are pressing todayfor solution, nor can they grasp theproper application of these principles tothe manifold activities and complexitiesof modern life. It was thought thatordinarily a few years of college workwould give a maturity and training en­abling law students better to under­stand and apply the law as a livingprinciple of society rather than as anarbitrary body of rules, and would se­cure a body of students able to assimi­late the niost thorough legal instruc­tion. Not only does a college educationbetter prepare a student for his lawschool work, but it is of great im­portance in his wider relation to affairs.In this country the capable lawyer isalso the wise and trusted adviser and70 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEman of affairs in many relations of life.Such a role demands a flexibility andreadiness of mind for which no. par­ticular kind of study can be a specificpreparation, but which is certainly b�t­ter promoted by the varied work andinterests of college life than by anyother known course of training.At the same time it was recognized asan evil for young men to be too longdelayed in embarking upon their chosenprofession. It was believed that threeyears of college work, especially if thelast of these should be devoted to sub­jects particularly useful to the futurelawyer, would be a sufficient prepara­tion for legal study, and, by permittingthe first year of law to be elected asthe work of the last year in college,both degrees could be obtained in sixyears. By co-operation with the Col­leges of the University this arrange­ment was" effected, and the degree ofDoctor of Law 0. D.) was establishedfor this work. Nearly two-thirds ofthe candidates for this degree havebeen college graduates before enteringthe School.There were, however, throughout themiddle west so .. large a number of ma­ture students of promising ability,many of them principals and superin­tendents of schools, who had nevercompleted a college course, that it wasnot thought desirable for the presententirely to exclude them from theSchool and accordingly students overtwenty-one years old who had com­pleted at least a four-year high schoolcourse were admitted to the LawSchool conditionally upon their main­taining an average 10 per cent higherthan that required for passing. Theserequirements secured maturity andgood scholarship in the students whocomplied with them, and they haveworked well. About one-fifth of thestudents in the School are ordinarilycandidates for this degree, but nearlyhalf of this number have in fact had atleast two years of college work, and only about seven per cent of the totalmembership of the School have enteredwithout any collegiate preparation.As regards methods of instruction,there was no hesitation in adoptingthe so-called "case method" which wasintroduced at Harvard over 40 yearsago and has now won its way into thefavor of all the leading schools of thecountry. Practically all of the lawschools with admission requirementsabove high school work use it, and noschool that has adopted it has ever goneback to the older methods of instruc­tion. It undoubtedly requires moreability and skill on the part of theteacher and much more independentwork from the student, but in capablehands no other method is nearly sowell adapted to maintain the interestof the student, to give an effectiveknowledge of legal principles, and todevelop the power of independent legalreasoning.Through the generous co-operationof the Harvard Law School, ProfessorJoseph Henry Beale, Jr., of that insti­tution, obtained leave of absence forhalf of each of the first two years tobecome the Dean of the new School,and the following faculty was chosen:Professor Ernst Freund, of the Uni­versity of Chicago, Department of Po­litical Science; Professor Horace KentTenney, of the Chicago bar (for thepractice courses); Professor. JulianWilliam Mack, from the- NorthwesternUniversity Law School; ProfessorBlewett Lee, formerly of the N orth­western University Law School; Pro­fessor Clarke Butler Whittier and Pro­fessor James Parker Hall, both from Le­land Stanford, Jr., University Depart­ment of Law. Upon Professor Beale,Professor Freund, and Professor Mackchiefly devolved the labor of success­fully meeeting, in the brief time al­lowed, the many problems of organiza­tion and administration, the creation ofthe Faculty, and the acquisition of alibrary.THE LAW SCHOOL 71Plans were made for the new LawBuilding, work on which was com­menced inthe spring of 1903, but mean­while temporary quartets were foundin the Press Building, then just com­pleted. Space for one large lectureroom was assigned to the School onthe second floor, and the larger partof the third floor was devoted to a read­ing-room, stack-room, and a small lec­ture-room. Seventeen or eighteen thou­sand books had been purchased tostart the library, and these arrived inlarge numbers during August and Sep­tember. It took all of the energy of Mr.Schenk, who came to Chicago as LawLibrarian in August, to keep a sem­blance of order among the shelves dur­ing this unprecedented inpouring ofvolumes. The Press Building was newand the space assigned to the LawSchool as a reading-room was gottenready for occupancy only a few hoursbefore the School actually opened onOctober 1, 1902. The reading-roomtables had not come, and in their steadwere long boards covered with heavypaper and stretched across saw-horses,upon which were prepared the first les­sons in the new School. The writerwell remembers a visit he paid withPresident Harper to the School's pros­pective quarters, stacked high with thedebris of construction, two days beforethe date of opening, and the President'svigorous message to the Superintend­ent of Building and Grounds: "Thereare to be lectures here in 48 hours andit will take longer than that to cleanup these rooms."Sixty-one students presented them­selves for admission during the openingquarter, forty-three of whom were be­ginning the study of law, and the otherswere entering with advanced standingfrom other schools. More came in dur­ing the Winter and Spring Quarters,making a total of seventy-eight in at­tendance during the first year. Seven. men were graduated in June, 1903, sixreceiving the degree of Doctor of Law (J. D.), and one that of Bachelor ofLaws. Joseph Chalmers Ewing, whosename preceded the others in alphabet­ical order, received the first J. D. de­gree, and Earle Hampton Fleming thenrstLl.. B.Professor Lee, who had been ableto give but a part of his time to theSchool, was compelled to resign at theend of the first year, and at the begin­ning of the second year Professor FloydRussell Mechem, from the Universityof Michigan Law School, joined theFaculty. About three months lateralso came Assistant Professor HarryAugustus Bigelow, who had taught fora year in the Harvard Law School be­fore commencing practice in Honolulu.Professor Beale returned to Harvard atthe end of this year as originallyplanned, and at the close of his con­nection with the School Professor Hallbecame Dean.Save the promotion of Assistant Pro­fessor Bigelow to a professorship, therewere no further changes in the Facultyuntil 1909, when the growth of theSchool required the beginning first­year classes to be divided into sections,Professor Roscoe Pound of the N orth­western Law School then became amember of the Faculty. A year laterhe resigned to go to the Harvard LawSchool, the vacancy being filled by theappointment of Professor WaiterWheeler Cook of the University ofWisconsin Law School. ProfessorPound has retained a connection withthe School as Professorial Lecturer onMining and Water Rights in the Sum­mer Quarters. In 1910 Professor Ten­ney resigned his practice work, whichhe had given since 1902, and in 1911professor Mack, who had given halftime to the School, was obliged to takean indefinite leave of absence on ac­count of his appointment to the federalbench. These vacancies were not per­manently filled until the appointmentin 1913 of Professor Edward WilcoxHinton, Dean of the Uaiversity of Mis-72 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEsouri College of Law. The last changeto take place was the appointment in1914 of Professor William UnderhillMoore, of the University of WisconsinLaw School, in the place of ProfessorWhittier, who resigned after two years'absence on account of poor health.Besides the permanent members ofthe Faculty, various instructors andlecturers have regularly given work inthe School between 1902 and 1915.These have been: Percy Bernard Eck­hart, Instructor in Public Service Com­panies and Carriers since 1903, and inDamages, 1905-11; Frank William He­nicksman, Instructor in Bankruptcy,1907-11, and in Practice, 1910-11;Henry P. Chandler, Instructor in Prac­tice, 1911-13; Oliver L. McCaskill, �n­structor in Bankruptcy, 19] 1-14; Her­man Enzla Oliphant, Instructor inBankruptcy and Brief Making, 1914-15 ;Henry Varnum Freeman, Special Lec­turer on Legal Ethics since 1902;Charles Edward Kremer, Special Lec­turer on Admiralty Law since 1902;and Frank Fremont Reed, Special Lec­turer on Copyright and Trade MarkLaw since 1902. Frederick WilliamSchenk has been Law Librarian andRuth Bradley Secretary of the Schoolfrom the beginning. The School hasalso been fortunate in securing the as­sistance of several of its alumni and ofmembers of the law faculties of Illi­nois, Northwestern and Wisconsinfrom time to time to fill emergency va­cancies temporarily occasioned by vari­ous academic casualties. Between 30and 40 different members of the facul­ties of other American law schools havegiven instruction during the SummerQuarters from 1903 to 1914.When it was decided that the newLaw School should as soon as possiblehave a separate building, the prepara­tion of the plans was placed in thehands of Shepley, Rutan & Coolidge, anappropriation of $280,000 for the build­ing and its furniture was made by theTrustees, and work was begun on the foundation on March 23, 1903. OnApril 2 the corner stone at the main en­trance was laid by President Roosevelt,upon the occasion of his receiving thedegree of Doctor of Laws from the Uni­versity. The building was completedand occupied in May, 1904. It is threestories high, 175 feet long and 80 feetwide, built of blue Bedford stone in theperpendicular Gothic style of architec­ture so well known in the buildings ofthe English universities and Inns ofCourt. In general appearance it some­what resembles the famous King's Col­lege Chapel at Cambridge University,England, though it was not designedlycopied from the latter. It will at pre-sentaccommodate about 300 students inresidence at the same time, that beingthe capacity of the lecture-room space,but the original plans have provided fordoubling this by the addition of a largewing on the east. The present reading­room and stack-room are ample for theuse of 600 students. The space for bookshelves will contain about 100,000volumes.When the Law School was organizedin 1902 it was decided that it ought tostart with a library practically completein all material essential to the scholarlyteaching of English and American law,and a working library in the law of afew important European countries. Anappropriation of $50,000 was madeavailable by the Trustees for this pur­pose, and the work of selecting andbuying books was placed in the handsof Professors Beale and Mack, who hadwide expert knowledge upon the sub­ject, and their object was in the mainaccomplished during the few monthspreceding the opening of the School.About 18,000 volumes were purchasedup to this time, and those bought since,in addition to a number belonging tothe Political Science and History De­partments of the University, haveswelled the total number of volumesavailable in the Law Library at thepresent time to about 40,000.THE LAW SCHOOL 73Law books are commonly dividedinto five main groups: Reports ofcases, statutes, treatises, periodicals,and trials, biographies, and legal mis­cellany.In respect to reports of cases-themain repository of the common law­the purpose was to get a complete col­lection of authorities, and this has beensubstantially carried out as regards theAmerican, English, Scotch, Irish, Ca­nadian, Australian, New Zealand, andhigher Indian reports, as well as themore recent South African reports. TheScotch, Irish, and Canadian reports areabsolutely complete, and the Englishreports lack only two or three rare col­lateral issues, and some local magis­trates' cases. Most of the English re­ports, including all of importance, arein duplicate and many in triplicate, be­sides the English reprint (several vol­umes in one) which adds another sub­tantially complete set. The Americanreports include all the published deci­sions of all the federal and state courts,superior and inferior, except a fewseries of Pennsylvania county court de­cisions. Most of the official state re­ports are in duplicate, besides which"the library has all unofficial series ofreports, and all -the printed collectionsof selected cases. The reports are ac­companied by their digests.The statutes are divided into codesand statutory revisions, and the annualsession laws of the various j urisdic­tions. The Library has all English,Irish, Scotch, and Canadian statutes;the session laws of all the Americanstates and Canadian provinces (exceptthe early laws of some of the olderstates) ; and a nearly complete collec­tion of all past and present codes andstatutory revisions of every English­speaking jurisdiction. The History De­partment's valuable collection of earlycolonial laws and laws of the southernstates during the period of the Confed­eracy, supplements this section of thelibrary. Of many states the session laws are complete; of most states theyrun back fifty to seventy-five years, andof nearly all they are complete from the.earliest revision down to date. Theinterest in the older session laws ispartly practical in explaining early de-:cisions and present statutory construe­tion, and partly historical in showingthe development of legislation.The Library has on its shelves mostAmerican and English treatises of prac­tical value, and a large number of oldtreatises, chiefly English, that are of in­creasing historical importance. Alllawperiodicals in English, with a few triflingexceptions, have been obtained in fullsets; and the library owns a nearly com­plete set of the old Bailey and CentralSessions Cases, containing the recordsof English criminal trials for nearly twocenturies. There are also many volumesof other interesting English and Ameri­can trials, the whole forming a valuablecollection for the study of crime, criminalpsychology and social conditions. InFrench, German, Spanish, and Mexicanlaw the School has a working library, andamong its legal miscellany may be men­tioned a complete set of the Patent OfficeReports and Patent Office Gazette fromthe beginning, including indices -ofpatents from 1789 to the present time.Some years ago Mr. Charles B. Pike,now the president of the Hamilton Na­tional Bank of Chicago, made a largecollection of engravings and etchingsof English and 'American judges, law­yers, and statesmen. During the SpringQuarter, 1907, he very generouslyframed the pictures in a suitable man­ner and loaned the entire collection,comprising nearly 250 portraits, to theLaw School, whose walls they havegreatly adorned and dignified. Mostof them are pictures of English judges,many engraved upon large plates from'Yell known paintings. A series - ofsigned artist's proof etchings of all thejudges of the United States SupremeCourt is the principal feature of the74 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEAmerican part of the collection, towhich are added a number of the moreprominent American lawyers and statejudges. In addition to the Pike collec­tion the recent graduating classes ofthe School have presented to it a num­ber of valuable pictures of a similarcharacter.Despite the high admission require­ments and a tuition fee more thantwice as large as that of most of thewestern state universities, the attend­ance has been gratifying. From 78students in the initial year the growthwas rapid until 1909 when about 300were enrolled. Since then the increasehas been less, the average attendancefor the past four years being about 320.Reduced to a three-quarter basis thismeans somewhat over 250 students aquarter. From 1902 to 1914, 364 J. D.degrees were conferred (92 cum laude),and 63 LL. B. degrees (14 cum laude).In 1913-14 the total number of degreeswas 55. As regards college graduates,the School for several years has en­rolled about as many as any two otherschools in the West combined. Fromthe beginning students have been at­tracted from many parts of the country,only one-third of them being from Illi­nois. During 1913-14 about three­fourths of OUf states, one hundred andtwenty-six colleges, and nearly fortylaw schools, were represented amongthe students of the Law School.Not the least service of the LawSchool has been in stimulating legaleducation elsewhere in the middleWest. J ust as the foundation of theGraduate School of the University en­couraged neighboring institutions todevote larger attention to research, sothe opening of the Law School has beenfollowed by a substantial strengtheningof the faculties and libraries of otherwestern schools, and a general raisingof standards of admission. In January,1902, but one law school between theAlleghanies and the Rocky Mountains required more than a high schoolcourse for admission to candidacy forits ordinary degree. In January, 1915,nine law schools in this territory re­quired one year of college work for ad­mission, eleven required two years, andtwo required three years. It would beextravagant to claim for the exampleof Chicago the major part of the creditfor this improvement, which has beenthe fruit of a long campaign for betterstandards of legal education, but therecan be no doubt that the successfulestablishment of our School had an im­portant share in the result.The School has had no educationalpolicies markedly different from thosegenerally prevailing in the betterAmerican law schools. Its practiceshave differed from those of mostschools of its class chiefly in its in­sistence upon class sections smallenough to permit considerable atten­tion to be given to the individual needsof students, and recently in its provi­sion for more thorough instruction inprocedure and legal argumentation. Ithas tried to train men to think clearly,honestly and in the light of historic ex­perience upon the socio-legal problemsof the time, and it has enforced highstandards of work for its degrees. Con­spicuous success at the bar is achievedso slowly and is so little subject to pub­lic criteria of measurement that no re­liable estimate of the School's successin training eminent lawyers can bemade until a substantial body of itsgraduates have been in practice for atleast 25 years. A more immediate testof its accomplishments is to be foundin its work in preparing men for theprofession of law teaching. About fiveper cent of our Doctors of Law gradu­ated between 1904 and 1914, have be­come professors or assistant professorsof law in schools whose standards ofwork make them eligible for admissionto the Association of American LawSchools. This is about five times asTHE LAW SCHOOL-larg e a percentage as that of HarvardLaw School graduates of the sameperiod who hold similar positions, andabout eight times' as great as that ofsimilar Columbia Law School gradu­ates. Of course various considera­tions of geography and of relative busi­ness opportunity have largely contributedto produce this disparity, but that itshould exist at all in favor of a schoolonly a dozen years old cannot but beconsidered as a solid testimonial to thecharacter of the work for which its de­gree stands.A list of the graduates of the Schoolwho have at some period since gradua­tion devoted themselves wholly to theteaching of law as regular members ofthe faculty of a standard law schoolfollows:Joseph Walter Bingham, A. B. '02;J. D. '04. Professor of Law, StanfordUniversity.Leon Patteson Lewis, Ph. B. '02;J. D. '05_: Instructor in law, StanfordUniversity, 1905-7.Oliver LeRoy McCaskill, Ph. B. '01 ;J. D. '05. Professor of law, West Vir­ginia University.Leslie James Ayer, B. S., (UpperIowa U.) '99; J. D. '07. Professor oflaw, University of Montana.Charles Andrews Huston, A. B. '02;J. D. '07. Professor of law StanfordUniversity.Joseph Louis Lewinsohn, Ph. B. '05;J. D. '07. Professor of law, Dniv. ofNorth Dakota, 1912-14.Chester Garfield Vernier, A. B. (But­ler C. '03) ; Ph. B. '04; J. D. '07. Pro-fessor of law, Univ, of Illinois. .Charles Henry Wilber, Ph. B. '05;]. D. '07. Professor of law, VanderbiltUniversity ..Lyman Perl Wilson, B. S. (Knox C.)'04; J. D. '07. Professor of law, Dniv­versify of Oklahoma. 75Paul Hunter Dodge, Ph. B. '06; J. D.'08. Professor of law, Washburn LawSchool.Edgar Noble Durfee, A. B. (Har-.vard D.) '04; J. D. '08. Professor oflaw, Univ, of Michigan.Robert Llewellyn Henry, Jr., Ph. B.'02; B. C. L. (Oxford D.) '07; J. D. '0'1Professor of law, State Dniv. of Iowa.Victor Henry Ku1p, Ph. B. '05; J. D.'08\ Professor of law, Uriiv. of Okla­homa.James Wiggins Simonton, A. B. (In­diana D.) '03; J. D. '08. Professor oflaw, West Virginia Dniv.Walter Lyndon Pope, A. B. (U. ofNebraska) '09; J. D. '12. Assistantprofessor of law, Univ, of Nebraska.Arthur William Richter, A. B. '06; J.D. '12. Professor of law, MarquetteD niversity.George Nimmons Foster, Ph. B. '12;J. D. '14. Assistant professor of law,Univ, of Nebraska.Joseph Warren Madden, A. B. (D. ofIllinois) '11; J. D. '14. Assistant pro­fessor of law, Dniv. of Oklahoma.Graduates of the Law School en­gaged in university teaching but notmembers of Iaw faculties:'Sophinisba Preston Breckenridge, S.B. (Welles1ey C.) '88; Ph. D. '01; J. D.'04. Assistant professor of householdadministration, Dniv. of Chicago.Arnold Bennet Hall, A. B. (FranklinC.) '04; J. D. 07. Assistant professorof political science, Dniv. of Wisconsin.Herman Gerlach James, A. B. (D. ofIllinois) '06; A. M. (ibid.) '10; Ph. D.(Columbia D.) '11; J. D. '09. Assist­ant professor of political science, Univ.of Texas.Herman Enz1a Oliphant, A. B. (Indi­ana D.) '08; J. D. '14. Instructor incivil government, business law andbankruptcy, Univ. of Chicago.JAMES PARKER HALL.76 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEA Communication From LeffingwellWhile I was recently passing throughChicago the editor of the U. of C.Alumni Magazine asked me' to writean account of the work I had been do­ing in the Arctic regions. I explainedthat I had not been engaged in gather­ing material for popular presentation,nor had I many tales of hardships andsufferings to relate. In fact, I haveavoided them, chiefly because I muchprefer comfort, but also because to mymind they are usually the result ofcarelessness or incompetence. If I everhad any hardships I blush to own themon paper.Being very anxious, moreover, to getmy scientific report worked up and pub­lished, and not being a ready writer, Ihesitated to undertake the account un­til the editor assured me that myfriends of the university would pardona very hasty resume of the seven yearsI have spent within the Arctic circle.In the spring of 1901, seeing in thepapers that Baldwin was forming anexpedition for the discovery of theNorth Pole, I immediately sent in anapplication for membership in thescientific staff. At that time I was agraduate in the department of physicsand so felt free to ask ProfessorsMichelson and Stratton for letters ofrecommendation. With the former tovouch for my ability to carryon suchinvestigations as are usual upon expe­ditions and the latter, with whom I hadbeen more closely associated, for mycharacter and physical qualifications forjust such a life, it is no wonder that Isecured the position as head of thescientific staff.I was told to prepare a completescientific program and to secure all thenecessary instruments, being assuredthat I should be furnished with ampleassistance to carry 011 the work in thefield. Accordingly, when the Baldwin- Ziegler polar expedition sailed forFranz Joseph Land in June, 1901, Iwas equipped with an outfit with which. I hoped to cast the results of all previ­ous expeditions into the shade. Myyouthful enthusiasm received a damperwhen I found myself doing deck handwork under a Swedish mate, often as­sisting in moving the load from one sideof the ship to the other, upon the time­honored nautical principle that Satanfinds mischief for idle hands to do.The expedition returned at the endof the first year, repeating the famousexploit of the king of France and his40,000 men. Personally I had done lit­tle except to map roughly such of theislands as came within view of our lineof march, upon a sled trip of 100 milesthrough the archipelago. When thesecond Ziegler expedition sailed, a yearlater, under Fiala, photographer withBaldwin, I swallowed my pride andmade application for membership. Notbeing assured that any more attentionwould be paid to scientific work- thanformerly, I did not go upon this secondtrip to the same locality. This expedi­tion distinguished itself over the firstin losing the ship and being gone twoyears instead of one. The map pub­lished by this party contains some newareas, but I recognize my own hand inmuch of the part done under Baldwin.My most intimate friend on the B. Z.P. E. was Ejnar Mikkelsen, a youngDane, who had been previously upon areal expedition to Greenland. Dis­gusted with the outlook for work unT"der Baldwin, we formed many plansfor an expedition of our own. Themost promising for a party of small re­sources was to explore the ArcticOcean north of Alaska and Canada,where it was thought we might findnew lands. We were unable to securefunds until the fall at' 1905, when Mik-A COMMUNICATION FROM LEFFINGWELL 77kelsen wrote that he had received a,stJ;1all grant from the Royal Geograph­ical Society of: London, and hoped tosecure the rest of-his share that winter.My share was contributed by myfather, the Rev. C. W. Leffingwell,D. D.After the usual financial difficultieswe sailed from Victoria, B. c., in May,1906, in a sealing schooner named afterHer Grace, the Duchess of Bedford.Mikkelsen and I were "joint com­manders." A doctor and five sailorscompleted our party. Our route laythrough Bering Sea and along theArctic coast of Alaska and Canada.Ice conditions were very unfavorable,and we were forced to winter behindFlaxman Island, about 250 miles eastof Pt. Barrow, the northernmost pointof Alaska. Although this was not ourdestination, we decided to make a sledtrip northward over the ice to look forsome island that had been reported bywhalers and Eskimo. In addition tothese a: large land mass at a greater dis­tance had been postulated by Harris ofthe Coast Survey, from the behavior ofthe tide.Since this "Undiscovered Continent"was the object not only of our smallparty, but also of the recent wellequipped Canadian Arctic expedition, itmight be of interest to outline the ar­gument for its existence. The Pacifictype of tide gradually dies out ashort way north of Bering Straits. Thetides of the Arctic 'are definitely of theAtlantic type, and enter this ocean be­tween Greenland and Spitzbergen. Ifthe Arctic Ocean were free from landor shoal water, the tidal wave shouldmove directly across the Pole and strikethe shores of Siberia and Alaska atabout equal times and with nearly equalamplitudes; as a glance at a north polarmap will make plain. Instead of this,there are sufficient tidal records to showthat the tide first strikes S iberia andthen flows eastward along Alaska withconstantly decreasing amplitude. This can only be explained by a land massof size sufficient to obstruct the directpropagation of the tidal wave acrossthe Pole: Several other lines of evi­dence support this deduction and noneare known to the writer which workagainst it.In March, 1907, Mikkelsen and I, ac­companied by a sailor, made a twomonths' sled trip over the ice 10 "thenorth of Flaxman Island. We carrieda small sounding machine, which wascapable of reaching bottom at 600 me­ters. On account of the roughness ofthe ice, we did not succeed in gettingmore than a hundred miles from land,and instead of finding shoal water withdiscoverable islands by which we hopedto become famous, we were unable toreach bottom when beyond the 50 mileline. Our soundings -were of value,however, for they settled the questionas to the edge of the "continental plat­form" for this region.When we returned to headquartersin May we found the crew living in ahut on the land, built out of the interiorwoodwork of the ship. The caulkinghad been pulled out during the winterby the ice and when warm weathercame they were unable to keep the shippumped out and so had to move ashore.This was our shipwreck.Being unab1e to proceed farther, theexpedition was disbanded and all butMikkelsen and I returned on a passingwhaler. Mikkelsen returned overlandduring the winter, while I staid onamong the Eskimos.Having burned my bridges behindwhen I left the Department of Geologyat the University of Chicago and hav­ing instruments and provisions for ayear, I decided to do some more scien­tific work before returning. The exist­ing charts of the coast were practicallythe same as those made by the Britishexplorers three-quarters of a centurybefore, and the interior was almost un­known.At the end of the year, finding that I78 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEhad so little to show for my time thatit was hardly worth while publishing,I decided to return to civilization andrefit for three year's work in the sameregion. I had intended to secure pas­sage upon a whaleship, but since nonewere sailing north that year I had tosecure a small vessel of my own.In May, 1909, I sailed from Seattlein a gasoline yawl SO feet over all, andof 13 tons net register. The crew wascomposed of three men from the whal­ing fleet. I was navigator and engineeras' well as sailor. We set our courseacross the North Pacific for U minakPas's in the Aleutian Islands, and werea whole month in making it. The yawlwas too frail for the heavy weather en­countered and much of the time wasspent "heaved to" with oil bags out,waiting for things to happen. After en­tering Bering Sea we had an easiertime and reached the edge of the icenear Barrow about the first of August.After being blocked by the ice for twoweeks we rounded the point severaldays ahead of the revenue cutter Thetisand a few days later reached our head­quarters at Flaxman Island. Here webuilt a new house and established our­selves for three winters. I kept twowhite men at first, but one of them leftat the end of the first year. The other,who had gotten into financial difficultiesat home, could not leave until the stat­ute of limitations came into play.During this time I mapped about 150miles of the coast, including manyislands, on a large scale, and took athousand odd soundings in the shoalerwaters. Inland I mapped the broadergeographic and geologic features in anarea about 80 miles square. As a sup­port for the maps I triangulated a hun­dred miles of the coast with a creditabledegree of accuracy and the remaindersomewhat more roughly. In order tolocate and orient the map with refer­en ce to the rest of the world I tookastronomical observations for latitude,longitude and azimuth. The resulting latitude and azimuth are more accuratethan necessary, but the longitude isnot quite up to the requirements of thecase.I had made arrangements to returnin the summer of 1912 with a tradingship, the yawl having been turned over1S wages, The ship decided to remaina second winter, so I was forced tomake my way to Barrow with an Es­kimo family who were traveling in awhaleboat, I could take little besidemy scientific records and fossils, andhad to leave all my instruments behind.At Barrow I secured passage for SanFrancisco, where I arrived after a voy­age of six weeks.� Having done the field work, I wassomewhat worried about the publica­tion, for I was not connected with anyorganization as is usual in such cases.I was much relieved when Mr. Brooksof the Alaska Division of the UnitedStates Geological Survey granted medesk room while I was writing my re­port, with assurance that if it were ac­cebtable the survey would publish it.There were still a few gaps in thecoast map, which I had been forced toomit on account of fog or gales, and Ihad several valuable instruments aswell as personal belongings at Flax­man Islands. So when the CanadianArctic expedition, under Stefansson andAnderson, was organized in 1913, Imade arrangements for transportationas far as my old headquarters. In re­turn I could help them with a detailedknowledge of the coast.In addition to the northern party un­der Stefansson on the whaleship Kar­luk, which sailed from Victoria, twosmall gasoline schooners were purchasedat Nome, the Alaska, under Anderson,and the Mary Sachs, as a supply ship.I went on the latter. The Sachs ar­rived at Flaxman Island on August 18,about three weeks after the usual time.The ground was covered with sufficientsnow for sledding and the ponds frozenover, indicating an early close of navi-FRATERNITY PLEDGES AND SCHOLARSHIPgation, which usually takes place morethan a month later. As no ships suc­ceeded in getting out and I was afraidof being frozen �in at some inconvenientplace if I attempted to go out in a smallboat, I had the choice of going outoverland to the Yukon or staying allwinter with an insufficierit outfit. Thehouse at Flaxman Island was in goodcondition and I had previously cachedsufficient rough provisions for a year.I was also anxious to do the work Ihad come for, so J decided. to spend thewinter.I could not work to advantage. withonly the one dog which I was able tohire for a couple of months, and asmall Eskimo boy to help me, but I didenough to make me satisfied in havingstaid. I reduced the .closure of the tri­angulation to about one-half of whatit had been, and got some insight intogeographical problems that I had beenunable to solve. I also filled in a fewblank areas in my. map.As soon as a lane of water hadmelted along the land in July I left 79Flaxman Island in an open boat, boundfor Pt. Barrow, where I hoped to catchan early ship. I had along two sailorswhose ship had been wrecked duringthe winter. We took provisions forabout a .month, intending to do somemapping on the journey. As it was wewere held within 25 miles of the islandfor three weeks by winds which boundthe ice tightly against the land. Eventhen we were several times delayed sothat it took nearly six weeks to reachBarrow on what is ordinarily a fouror five days' journey in an open boat.We found a freight ship at anchor thereand secured passage to San Francisco,where we arrived early in October.After spending some time with myfamily in California, I am at presentat the United States Geological Surveyin Washington, D. c., and hope to havethe work finished before summer. I donot think that I shall go north again,as I have very little to show for thelast eight or nine years which have beenentirely devoted to this work.Fraternity Pledges and ScholarshipLast fall 155 students were pledged tothe various fraternities. 134 of thesestudents Were in their first quarter ofresidence, and carrying three majors.The accompanying table shows the schol­astic achievement of this 134. Noexactly similar table has been made at theUniversity before, and therefore exactcomparisons are impossible. The frater­nity regulations for eligibility to initiationalso have been changed from 3 majorsand 3 gradepoints to 3 majors and 5gradepoints; hence another difficulty incomparing results with those of last year.It may De said, however, that last year146 men were pledged, and 40 wt;re in­eligible for initiation, about 290 per cent. This year of the 134, 66 wereineligible, or 49 per cent. On the basisof the old rule of eligibility 43 were in­eligible, or 320 per cent,In explanation of the present table itmay be said that an average of D or be­low is practically equivalent to dismissal;and 23 freshmen "received this grade.An average grade of C-or below (3majors and 3 gradepoints) puts a stu­dent on probation; and- 56 attained nohigher rank. C is the lowest grade per­mitting graduation; and only 49 out of134, or less than 37 per cent, averagedhigher than C. Among them, by theway, were the president of the freshmanclass, who gained 11 points, just belowB, and the captain of the freshman foot-80 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEball team, who gained 13, just above B,and very nearly a Phi' Beta Kappa mark.The average grade of all the 134 pledges concerned was 1.75 grade points, as com­pared with 2.06 gradepoints a year ago.The table follows:Fraternities PledgesQ.)(1) -:0 :8 � �"biJ � 00.- (1) -� �Q� Grade Points1 2 3 4 '5 6 ·7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15Alpha Delta Phi .. " .Alpha Tau Omega , . .B eta Theta Pi .Chi Psi. .Delta Kappa Epilson .Delta Sigma Phi .Delta Tau Delta .Delta Upsilon .Kappa Sigma .Phi Delta Theta .Phi Gamma Delta .Phi Kappa Psi .Phi Kappa Sigma .Psi Upsilon .Sigma Alpha Epsilon .Sigma Chi .Sigma Nu . 7 1 .. .. 1 ..352 .. 1 .. 24 2 1 •. 1 ..1 2 .. 23 2 1 16 3 .. 2 148221213613 .. 113 6 4 .. 2 ..3 0 ..3 2 .. 1 1 ..6 2 1 .. 1311 2 11345 3 3 ..5 2 1 .. 1 ..3 6 3 1 2 ..6 5 2 1 ..111 .. 13 ..1 2 .. .. 1 1 .,.. 2 1 .. 1 ..11 11 ..2 1 1 12 1 .. 11 2Totals 68 66 23 10 10 11 12 10 9 12 11 7 6 10 1 3 .. 22 .. 1 1 1.. �.. 12 1.. 11 .. .. 21 1 .. 11 .. f 12 ..112 1 1.11 2 ..1 .. 1 .. 1 ..11 2 ..1 ..1From the President's Quarterly StatementDuring seven months, from the middleof March to the middle of October, thePresident of the University was on leaveof absence by courtesy of the Board ofTrustees, engaged in an investigation ofpublic health and medical institutions inChina under the auspices of the Rocke­feller Foundation. The work of theChina Medical Commission, of which thePresident of the University had the honorto be chairman, was most interesting andis leading, it is believed, to important re­sults. The foundation is intending topursue the lirie of work in China recom­mended by the Commission at an earlydate. The need on these lines in Chinais something beyond the power of wordsto portray accurately, and probably no­where in the world can SO' much be doneto advantage for humanity. I take thisoccasion to' tender my warm expressionsof appreciation to the Board of Trusteesfor the generosity with which they per- mitted the leave of absence in question,and at the same time my sincere thanksfor the faithful and efficient work doneby Dean J. R. Angell, who was ActingPresident during my absence. It hasalways been the policy of the Universityto render such service of public char­acter as might be 'consistent with the effi­cient conduct of the work in the quad­rangles, and it is my belief that in thepresent instance the service which. theUniversity was able to render will befar-reaching in its beneficial results ....A very interesting event during thequarter just closing is the completion ofa transaction begun in the Spring Quar­ter whereby the Chicago TheologicalSeminary will transfer its work from theWest Side to the vicinity of the Uni­versity quadrangles and enters into a re­lation of affiliation with the University.The Seminary retains its autonomy. Atthe same time it will work in close co-ALUMNI ON THE FACULTYoperation with the faculty of -the U niver­sity Divinity SchooL Students of thetwo schools 'will have reciprocal advan­tages. The work of the Seminary willbe conducted for the present in the build ..ings of the University. The UniversityLibrary will house its large and interest­ing collection of books, and the two facul­ties will interchange in their instruction.The University welcomes the ChicagoTheological Seminary to its fellowshipand feels that the accession of its ablefaculty and its body of students will be adistinct advantage to the work of ourown Divinity School. -At the same timethe action of the Board of Trustees ofthe Seminary is in accordance with thewisest policy of theological schools in re­cent times. The day of the isolated theo­logical seminary is past.' The spirit andlife of a university are necessary for theproper training of those who are to' beChristian pastors. We believe, therefore,that the advantage in this case will bemutual, and sincerely trust that ourfriends of the Congregational churcheswill find their Theological Seminary in­spired with new life from its new rela­tions and increased resources.During the summer just past thefamily of one of our colleagues met witha distressing loss in the death by accidentof a son, David Blair McLaughlin, a stu­dent in the Colleges of the University.He was a young man of rare promise andcharacter. To commemorate his nameby giving an impetus especially to the lineof scholarship in which his especial in­terests lay his parents have placed in thehands of the Board of Trustees the sum 81of $1,000 as the principal sum of a foun­dation, the interest of which sum is to beused in awarding an annual prize for ex­cellence in the work of the writing ofEnglish prose. The conditions of theaward have been made in such form as tobe satisfactory mutually to' the Depart­ment of English and to the donors. Inaccepting this gift the Board of Trusteesconfidently believes that it will be themeans of connecting the name of theyoung man who is gone with some of thebest work of the Department of Englishthrough many generations yet to come,and the Trustees tender sincere thanksand appreciation to Mr. and Mrs. Me­Laughlin.At a meeting of the Board of Trusteesheld October 27, 1914, a vacancy causedby the resignation of Mr. Frederic A.Delano, owing to his appointment to theFederal Reserve Board of Washington,was filled by the election of Mr. HaroldH. Swift, a graduate of the Colleges ofthe University in the class of 1907. Mr.Swift is the first' of -the alumni of thenew University to be elected to' the Boardof Trustees. The old University hasbeen represented- in the Board from thebeginning, the present members beingJudge Frederick A. Smith of the class of1866 and Mr. Eli B. Felsenthal of theclass of 1878. The choice of Mr. Swiftis an action of the Board of Trustees veryinteresting to the alumni, and, for that,matter, to all friends of the University.It may be added that he was chosen notmerely because he was a graduate of theUniversity, but also for his own specialpersonal fitness.Alumni on the FacultyThe Annual Register for 1913-14 givesa total of 282 members of the faculty ofthe rank of instructors or above. Ofthese 104 are professors or professionallecturers, 50 are associate professors, 5 are assistant professors, and 74 are in­structors. Of the 282, degrees in coursefrom the University of Chicago are heldby 87. The doctor's degree only hasbeen conferred by the University on 46;82 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEthe primary degree only_.:_A. B., S. B.or Ph. B.-on 25, and two degrees on 16..Those holding the primary degree areas follows:C. R. Henderson, A. B., '70 (and A.M., '73), Professor of Sociology.D. J. Lingle, S. B., '85, Assistant Pro­fessor of Physiology.R. F. Hoxie, Ph. B., '92 (and Ph. D.,'05), Associate Professor of PoliticalEconomy.H. G. Gale, S. B., '96 (and Ph. D.,'99), Associate Professor of Physics.S. H. Ballou, Ph. B., '97, Instructorin Latin.G. A. Bliss, S. B., '97 (and Ph. D.,'00), Professor of Mathematics.Edith F. Flint, Ph. B., '97, AssociateProfessor of English.J. W. Linn, A. B., '97, AssociateProfessor of English.S. H. Clark, Ph. B., '97, AssociateProfessor of Public Speaking.A. C. von Noe, A. B., '00 (and Ph. D.,'05), Assistant Professor of German.Charles Goettsch, A. B., '01, AssistantProfessor of German.D. A. Robertson, A. B., '02, AssistantProfessor of English.W. L. Tower, S. B.} '02, AssociateProfessor of Embryology.E. V. L. Brown, S. B., '02, AssistantProfessor of Pathology.F. D. Bramhall, Ph. B., '02, Instructorin Political Science.H. C. E. David, A. B., '02, AssistantProfessor of French.W. J. G. Land, S. B., '02 (and Ph. D.,'04 ), Assistant Professor of Botany.B. A. Nelson, A. B., '02, AssistantProfessor of Public Speaking.H. 1. Schlesinger, S. B., '03 (and Ph.D., '05), Assistant Professor of Chem­istry.H. H. Barrows, S. B., '03, Professorof Geography.E. B. Babcock, Ph. B., '03, AssistantProfessor of French.R. T. Chamberlin, S. B., '03 (and Ph.D., '07), Assistant Professor of Geology. Fred Merrifield, A. B., '98 (and D. B.,'01), Instructor in New Testament His­tory.C. H: Grabo, Ph. B., '03, Instructor inEnglish.Agnes R. Wayman, A. B., '03, In­structor in Physical Culture.P. G. Heinemann, S. B., '04 (and Ph.D �, '07), Instructor in Bacteriology.Wanda M. Pfeiffer, S. B., '04 (andPh. D., '08), Instructor in Botany.H. E. Gronow, Ph. B., '05, AssistantProfessor of German.H. J. Corper, S. B., '06, M. D., '11,Ph. D., '11, Instructor in Pathology.H. B. Lemon, A. B., '06 (and Ph. D., 12), Instructor in Physics.F. C. Becht, S. B., '06 (and Ph. D.,'09), Assistant Professor of Pharma­cology.A. B. Luckhardt, S. B., '06 (and Ph.D., '11), Assistant Professor of Physi­ology.J. R. Hulbert, A. B., '07 (and Ph. D.,'12), Instructor in English. 'H. G. Moulton, Ph. B., '07 (and Ph.p., '14), Assistant Professor of PoliticalEconomy.W. D. Jones, S. B., '07, Instructor inGeology.Ethel Terry, A. B., '07, Instructor inChemistry.A. D. Brokaw, S. B., '08 (and Ph. D.,'13), Assistant Professor of Geology.Shiro Tashiro, S. B., '09 (and Ph. D.,'13), Instructor in Physiological Chem-istry._Mary J. Lanier, S. B., '09, Instructorin Geography.Bernice Allen, Ed. B. and S. B., (09,Instructor in Home Economics.C. E. Parmenter, Ph. B., '10, Instruct­or in French.Margaret K. Taylor, Ph. B. in Ed.,'13, Instructor in Household Art.Those holding the doctor's degree onlyare as followsT. G. Soares, '94 (A. B., Minnesota,:'91), Professor of Homiletics.ALUMNI ON THE FACULTYF. R. Lillie, '94 (A. B., Toronto, '91),Professor of Embryology.Myra Reynolds, '95 (A. B., Vassar,'80), Professor of English.J. W. Thompson, '95 (A. B., Rutgers,'92), Professor of History.E. S. Ames, '93 (A. B., Drake, '89),Assistant Professor of Philosophy.F. A. Wood, '95 (A. B., Northwest­ern, '80), Professor of German Philol­ogy.T. L. Neff, '96 (Ph. B., DePauw, '83),Assistant Professor of French.L. E. Dickson, '96 (S. B., Texas, '93),Professor of Mathematics.W. 1. Thomas, '96 (A. B., Tennessee,'84), Professor of Sociology.H. L. Willett, '96 (A. \l?, Bethany,'86), A�sistant Professor of Semitics.P. S. Allen, '97 (A. B., Williams, '91),Associate Professor of German.e. J. Chamberlain, '97 (A. B., Oberlin,'88), Associate Professor of Botany.H. N. McCoy, '98, (S. B., Purdue,'92), Associate Professor of Chemistry.A. »: Moore, '98 (A. B., DePauw,'90), Professor of Philosophy.H. E. Slaught, '98 (A. B., Colgate,'83), Professor of Mathematics.O. W. Caldwell, '98 (S. s., Franklin,'94 ), Associate Professor of Botany._H. e. Cowles, '98 (A. B., Oberlin,'93), Associate Professor of Botany.E. J. Goodspeed, '98 (A. B., Denison,'90) , Associate Professor of BiblicalGreek.F. R. Moulton, '99 (A. B., Albion,'94), Professor of Astronomy.J. J. Meyer, '00 (Concordia, '91), As­sistant Professor of German.Sophonisba Breckenridge, '01 (S. B.,W ellesley, '�8), Assistant Professor ofHousehold Economics.E. R. Downing, '01 (S. B., Albion,'89), Associate Professor of NaturalScience.W. C. Gore, '01 (Ph. B., Michigan,'94), Assistant Professor of Psychology. 83Allan Hoben, '00 (A. B., New Bruns­wick, '95), Associate Professor of Homi­letics.H. G. Wells, '03 (Ph. B., Yale, '95),Professor of Pathology.G. L. Walsh, '03 (A. B., Iowa, '9�),Extension Associate Professor of Eng­lish.R. J. Bonner, '04 (A. B., Toronto,'90), Professor of Greek.A. e. Lunn, '04 (A. B., Lawrence",'98), Assistant Professor of Mathe­matics.H. H. Newman, '05 (A. B., McMaster,'96), Associate Professor of Zoology.Harvey Carr, '05 (S. B., Colorado,'91), Assistant Professor of Psychology.W. Crocker, '06 (A. B., Illinois, '02),Assistant Professor of Botany.M. W. Jernegan, '06 (A. B., Brown,'96), Assistant Professor of H'istory.e. N. Gould, '07 (A. B., Minnesota,'96), Assistant Professor of German.­Katharine Blunt, '07 (A. B., Vassar,'98), Assistant Professor of HorneEconomics.D. D. Luckenbill, '07 (A. B., Pennsyl­vania, '03), Instructor in Semitics.R. E. House, '09 (B. L., Missouri,'00), Instructor in Romance Languages.L. e. Raiford, '09 (Ph. B., Brown,'00), Instructor in Chemistry.e. R. Baskerville, '11 (A. B., Vander­bilt, '96), Assistant Professor of English.J. W. Hayes, '11 (A. B., Amherst,'03), Instructor in Psychology.P. H. Phillipson, '11 (Columbia, ex­'00, A. M., Western Reserve, '01), In­structor in German.T. A. Knott, '12 (A. B., Northwest­ern, '02)" Assistant Professor of English.J. H. Bretz, '13 (A. B., Albion, '05),Instructor in Geology.J. W. E. Glattfeld, '13 (S. B., Dart­mouth, '07), Research Instructor inChemistry.The following table gives a summary:84 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEChicago Chicago Chgo.Alumni Alumni Alu'niwith with hold-doctor's primary ingOn degree degree bothfaculty only only degreesProfessors .... 104 14 1 2Associate Pro-fessors 53 10 5 2Assistant Pro-fessors 51 14 7 7Instructors ... 74 8 12 5Totals ...... 282 46 25 16Besides these, it may be pointed outW. A. Payne, Ph. B., '95, is Recorderand Examiner; Trevor Arnett, A. B.,'98, is Auditor, and j. F. Moulds, Ph. B.,'07, is Cashier.THE LETTER BOXDecember 16th, 1914.To the Editor:I enclose herewith a copy of a letterreceived by me from Showin WetzenHsu, who was a member of my classin the law school. Although he nevertook a law degree at the University,he attended the institution for severalyears.I know that quite a number of theAlumni will be interested in learningthe facts set forth in this letter andwill take great pleasure in our friendHsu's success. Very truly yours,PAUL O'DONNELL, '09L."The Supreme Court,"Pekin, Aug. 15th, 1914."My Dear Paul:"Your kind letter of the 13th of Junewas received with thanks. It did notreach my hand until yesterday, be­cause I was away for my vacation. Iwas more than pleased to read a letterfrom my classmate on the other partof the globe, as we have been sepa­rated so long; and also. very glad tolearn that you are getting along finewith your practice in Chicago."I met President and Mrs. Judsonhere, who came and visited our CourtHouse. It was very kind of Mr. Me- Kibbin to write to Dean Hall aboutMr. Hu and myself. We certainly en­joyed and still have been rememberingour old days in the University of Chi­cago Law School, just by recollectinghow nice and happy were the big ban­quets of we law students-as you men­tioned in your letter. I often think ofcoming back again to see our Alma Mater,when my service should permit me ; and Isuppose it will some day.As you kindly asked me what I havebeen doing since I left the United States,I am certainly glad to tell you as follows:I went to the Indiana University afterI left Chicago. The reason why I wentthere was simply to study some morediplomacy and political science under theauthorities like Drs. Harding, Hershey,and Woodburn, etc. I also took a degreefrom that University.In the Autumn of 1909, I was asked tobe one of the attache? of our legation atWashington, D. c., but I did not go. Atthe end of the same year, I was calledback by the Board of Communications ofpekin and I returned accordingly. InDecember, 1909, I was appointed thecompiler of laws regarding carriers andpublic service companies-in a word, lawof communications-and I did quite a lotfor the said Board.In the Spring of 1910, I took an Im­perial Palace Examination on what I hadstudied. My M. A. degree was honoredand at the same time I was appointed bythe Imperial Decree, the under-Secretaryof the Board of Education. I was alsoappointed successfully and successivelythe Chief of the Foreign Intercourse De­partment of the Board of Communica­tions; and the Judge-advocate of theBoard of Navy. I held these offices tillthe birth of our new Republic.In the first year 0 f the Chinese Re­public, that is 1912, I was appointed bythe Minister of Finance one of the Com­missioners to negotiate the "Big Loan"with the Great Powers, but I resignedafterwards. In the same year I was ap­pointed, by our President Yuan Shih­Kai, Justice of the Supreme Court ofTHE JAPANESE CLUB 8SChina. In the summer of 1913, duringour Civil Wars in the South, I was com­missioned togo .down South and at thesame time act asthe legal adviser to theMilitary Governor of Shanghai, to settlethe International cases and claims, espe­cially after the war; for this service, Iwas decorated by our President with theOrder of a "Striped Tiger," which isa warded especially for military service.This year I have been very busy with mycase work and I had disposed of quite alot before vacation.I know that I am too young to be aJustice of the Supreme Court, althoughI am' already 34. But as you know, inorder to establish a new form of govern­ment and new system of judiciary, it isabsolutely necessary to have foreign edu­cated students or young men to be theleaders. We drafted the codes to bepassed by the Congress. We interpret theIaws, reorganize the courts and unify thelaws throughout the whole Republic. Soyou see it ·is quite a big work on ourshoulders, really too big for a little man,like myself. But I always try to do myvery best for my work. So as not to dis­appoint my good wishers �)11 the otherpart of the world!Write me 'a long letter if you havetime. With best wishes, and 'rememberme to everyone whom I know in Chicago.1 remain, Yours most sincerely,SHOWIN WETZEN Hsu.To MR. PAUL M. O'DONNELL}Attorney and Counsellor,1217 New York Life Bldg.,Chicago, Ill., U. S. A.To the Editor:I have just received the Decembernumber of the Magazine forwarded tome here [St. Louis]. Please discontinuesending. I cannot subscribe for a J our­nal which complacently publishes an ex­pressed desire to see England whippedin the great struggle for the freedom ofhumanity. Yours truly,R. RUGGLES GATES}[Ph. D. '08.1 [Dr. Gates is a Canadian. The "desire"to which he refers was expressed in a let­ter from a former student, now in Ber­lin; another letter accompanied it froma former student then in Belgium, givingequally vivid expression to opposing sen­timents. So far no subscriber of Ger­man blood has discontinued his subscrip­tion in consequence. Why is this ?-En.]THE JAPANESE CLUB[Reprinted from the Booklet of the Club.]We celebrate this year the tenth an­niversary of our Japanese Club of theUniversity of Chicago, which first tookits shape in April, 1904, composed onlyof a few members. We have been hold­ing a monthly meeting ever since its or­ganization, to exchange ideas among thestudents along the line of each one'sspecialty. A lecture association at itsoutset has gradually been transformedinto a social club, not losing, however, itsintellectual side. The parlor of "MiddleD" is our trysting place. Two or threespeeches which we have each meeting de­volve upon the members of the club;some of our professors, or prominentguests from Japan being occasionally in­vited, help us out to enrich our pro­gramme and add fresh vigor to ourintellectual make-up. It has becomequite our custom to hold a Japan Nightat Mandel or Hitchcock at intervals ofa few years, the reception and entertain­ment being graced "by the presence ofour beloved professors and fellow stu­dents. The fact that a meeting of thiskind held at Mandel in 1910 could gatheran audience of two thousand souls willpermanently remain in the memory ofour posterity! The Japan Night heldthis year at Hitchcock, under the aus­pices of the Cosmopolitan Club met, wepresume, its unexpected success, espe­cially through the courtesy of ProfessorFrederick Starr, who addressed the audi­ence with an interesting story fresh fromhis recent trip to Japan.Our club at present numbers morethan twenty members; sixteen of them86 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEwere registered at University for thelast winter quarter. Most of them aregraduate students; we count five inDivinity, three in Sociology, one inPhysics, one in Political," and another in­Medical. Five undergraduate studentsmay be classified as two in Commerceand three in sociological sciences. BothS. Tashiro, now instructor in BiologicalChemistry, and K. Kato, who is lecturingon Christianity in Japan this springquarter, received their doctor's degreelast year. Our University indeed hasconferred a greater number of higherdegrees on members of our club than onany other group of foreign students;according to the Alumni Directory wehave seven who have received the degreeof Ph. D., one of J. D., three of B. D.,ten of A. M., together with seven of theBachelor's degree.Since the founding; of our University,more than sixty Japanese have enjoyedtheir student life and privileges here asfreely as American students. We do notknow how to express our heartfelt grati­tude we owe to our Alma Mater. Thecordial friendship and kindly instruction,accorded to us by our fellow studentsand our honored professors with theirlofty character, have been a tremendous inspiration in improving our views oflife and ways of conduct. We feel ourtask, our responsibility redoubled, asoften as we see dark clouds brood overthe placid Pacific Ocean. May we beguardian angels of international comity,promoting the ideals of universal peaceand brotherhood both on this side andthe other side of the Pacific! May we,who have the key to the hearts of twohemispheres, by our birthright and byeducation, prove to be a bond betweenthe two nations, two youthful championsof different civilizations, by bringingthem still closer together to a commonground of mutual understanding" andmutual good will! May we, who havebeen enjoying the purer atmosphere ofAmerican college life, far above the dustof vulgar race feelings, be able to dis­illusion the social prejudice arising fromthe difference of color and custom! Ifthis pamphlet, incomplete and insufficientas it is, could serve to express even asmall fraction of our best wishes, wemay rest content that our attempt, incommemoration of the tenth anniversaryof our club, to speak of this Universityand its relations to us to the readingpublic of our native land, could not be afutile waste of time.The Law School Alumni AssociationThe objects of the Law School Asso­ciation are "to form a bond of fellowshipbetween all persons who have been rnem­bers of the University of Chicago Law.School; to promote in this body an activeinterest in each other and in the develop­ment and advancement of the LawSchool; to publish from time to timelists of ex-members of the Law Schooltogether with their business addresses;to hold an informal reunion and dinnerfor all members of the organization withaddresses by prominent jurists, educa­tors and lawyers; to make suggestions toand advise with the faculty on matters of policy and improvement of work inthe Law School, and in every propermanner to promote the welfare and ex­tend the influence of the Law School ofthe University of Chicago." The rule ofeligibility provides that "Any person whohas received a degree from the Uni­versity of Chicago Law School, any per­son no longer a student in the LawSchool, who has received at least tenmajors of law credit in residence fromthe Law School, and any person who hasbeen, is or may hereafter become a mem­ber of the faculty or an administrativeofficer in the Law School, shall be eligibleTHE LAW SCHOOL ALUMNI ASSOCIATION 87to membership." The by-laws of theAssociation provide that "The annualdues of eachrnember shall be One Dol­lar ($1.00) payable July 1st of each yearin advance. Any member failing to payhis dues shall be given notice thereof bythe Secretary-Treasurer, and if suchmember shall not pay his dues withinthirty days after such notice his mem­bership shall cease." Since the LawSchool Association was organized onJune 8, 1907, the following have servedas Presidents: Harry J. Lurie, '05;Samuel D. Hirschl, '06; John R. Coch­ran, '04; Henry P. Chandler, '06; OliverL. McCaskill, '06; Paul M. O'Donnell,'09; Charles W. Paltzer, '09; A. L. Hop­kins, '08.All law men should bear in mind thatthe Association. holds a monthly luncheonat the Planters' hotel restaurant, on Clarkstreet north of Madison, on the last Fri­day of every month.The Secretary-Treasurer has recentlymailed a copy of the revised directory toeach person eligible for membership inthe Association. If anyone has not re­ceived a copy of the directory the Secre­tary- Treasurer will be glad to send oneon application.The office of R. E. Schreiber, Secre­tary- Treasurer of the Association, is1140 Otis building, Chicago.The following classifications of gradu­ates of the Law School are of interest:Men Iiolding Public Office.H. E. Baker, Assistant State's Attorneyat Chicago.C. A. Bennett, County Judge, Ft. Pierre,S. D.G. C. Bliss. Assistant State's Attorney atChicago. .'F. Dickinson, Assistant United StatesDistrict Attorney at Chicago.J. C. Ewing, City Attorney at Greeley, Colo.A. L. Hopkins, Assistant District Attor­ney at Chicago.V. A. McGeorge, Assistant City Attorneyat Sacramento, Cal.H. E. Sampson, Assistant Attorney Gen­eral of Iowa, at Des Moines, Ia.1. M. Stainback, Attorney General ofHawaii, at Honolulu, Hawaii.D. C. Webb, Judge of Juvenile Court, Knox County. Tenn. Office at Knoxville,Tenn.Deceased.Walter G. Baker, Henry Butler, John J.Ellis, Frank »: Henicksman, Samuel C.Ross, Willard W. Wyriekoop, William W.Wynekoop.Men in Foreign Countries.J. c. Moore at Red Deer, Alberta, Can­ada; Pan Hui Lo at Canton, China; ShowinWetsen Hsu at Chekiang, China; TsungHua Chow at Hunchow, Chekiang, China;Wenfu Yiko Hu at Shanghai, China; HsiYun Feng at Tientsin, China; En Tse Wangat Tientsin, China; F. J.' H. Schnack atHonolulu, Hawaii; 1. M. Stainback at Hon­olulu, Hawaii; H. G. Reed at Manila, P. 1.One hundred and ninety-six men are nowpracticing in the city of Chicago, and 248are practicing in the state of Lllinois ; 564have obtained ten or more majors creditin residence at the La w School and ' areeligible for membership in the Universityof Chicago Law School Association.The following were graduated at theconvocation held in the month of Angust,1914:Bills, Benjamin Franklin, Ph.B. '11;J .D.c.l. '14. 5810 Woodlawn avenue, Chi­cago.Bronaugh, Mary, LL.B.c.1. '14. Hopkins-ville, Ky. .Dieterich, Charles Wesley, Simpson Col­lege, 1909-11 LL.B. '14. Indianola, Ia.Drucker, Henry William, A.B. HarvardU. '12; J.D.c.l. '14. Beemer, Neb.Foster, George Nimmons, U. of Nebras­ka, 1908-11; LL.B. U. of Nebraska '11; Ph.B.'12; J.D. '14. Lincoln, Neb.Gibson, Rupert Campbell, A.B. U. of Ar­kansas '09; LL.B. U. of Missouri '13; J.D.'14. Berryville, Ark.Grace, William James, A.B. St. Cyril's C.'11; LL.B. '14, Chicago. .Hills, Elmer Walker, A.B. U. of Nebras-ka '09; J. D. '14. Sidney, Ia. .Madden, Joseph Warren, A.B. U. of Illi­nois, '11; ].D.c.1. '14. Assistant Professorof Law, University of Oklahoma, Norman,Okla.Myers, Ona Jefferson, U. of Missouri1908-11; Ph.B. '13; J.D.c.1. '14. Boonville,Ind.Nightingale, Lionel Grenelle, M.E. >Cor­nell U. '09; J. D. '14. Brooklyn, N. Y.Oldsen, Carl Henry, Graduate ConcordiaC. '04; LL.B. '14. Charlotte, Ia.Parkinson, George Doney, J.D. '14. Pres­ton, Idaho.The Secretary-Treasurer desires toknow the present addresses of the fol­lowing:Edward 1. Alexander, Jacob B. Barron,Sydney A. Cryor, Charles E. Gallup, RoyH. Hunter, Owen O. Miller.88 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO J.1;IAGAZINEThe following personai items are ar­ranged in alphabetical order:Arthur L. Adams, '14, who was formerlyat La Crosse, Ind., is now at Blytheville,Ark.The office of John W. Allen, '12, has beenchanged from 1007 Tacoma building to 1515Harris Trust building, Chicago.Hugo B. Anderson, '14, is practicing inthe office of Richards, Hart & Van Dam,1015 Kearns building, Salt Lake City.Elias C. Ashton, '07, is now a memberof the firm of Young, Snow, Ashton &Young, with offices in the Templeton build­ing, Salt Lake City, Utah.Arnold R. Baar, '14, may be reached at208 South La Salle street.The present address of Evans P. Barnes,'09, is 317 Idaho building, Boise, Idaho.Walter H. Chamber, '12, is now a mem­ber of the firm of Thompson, Tyrrell &Chambers.Herbert Bebb, '13, formerly located at1652 West 102nd street, has moved to 923Tribune building.Laird Bell, '07, a member of the firm ofMatz, Fisher & Boyden, is now at room1130, 134 South La Salle street.Fred S. Benson, '13, has associated him­self with Swift & Company.George W. Black, '08, is now at Spring­field, Ill., in the office of the Secretary ofState.George C. Bliss is Assistant State's Attor­ney, with offices in the Criminal Courtbuilding. His residence address is 5635University avenue.Garfield S. Canright, '07, has become amember of the firm of Morris & Canright,with offices in the Colby-Abbot building,Milwaukee, Wis.Gustav A. Buhrow, '06, formerly at Shan­ike, Ore., has moved to Bonners Ferry,Idaho.Paul H. Dodge, '08, is now Professor ofLaw at the Washburn Law School, Topeka,Kan.The new address of James H. Christen­son, '08, is 1600 Westminster building.Sidney J. Dillon, 406 Manhattan building,Des Moines, Towa, has become a memberof the firm of Sampson & Dillon.Albert B. Enoch, '06, is with the Chicago,Rock Island & Pacific �.ailway Company,La Salle street station, Van Buren street,Chicago.The residence address of George O. Fair­weather, '06, is now Ravinia, Highland Park,ru, telephone Highland Park 910.William M. Duncan, '06, has associatedhimself with the firm of Rothschild &Schaffner, 1003, 6 North Clark street, Chi­cago.• George N. Foster, '14, is Professor ofLaw at the University of Nebraska, Lin­coln, Neb.David S. Eisendrath, '09, has become amember of the firm of Eisendrath & Lyon,716-717 Westminster building. The residence address of W al ter B.Bauer, '14, is 11944 Normal avenue, Chicago,The residence address of Thomas E.Hicks is 3837 Elmwood avenue, Chicago.Hugo M. Friend, '08, has become a mem­ber of the firm of Rothschild & Schaffner,located at 6 North Clark street, telephoneMain 339.William J. Grace, '14, may be reached at5737 Bishop street; Chicago.Robert R. Hamilton, '11, formerly atWinfield, Kan., is now a member of the firmof Lindley & Hamilton, with offices at 531Union building, San Diego, Cal.Harold F. Hecker, '09, has moved fromSummerfield, IlL, to 709 Title Guarantybuilding, St. Louis, Mo.Elias H. Henderson, '10, has changed hisaddress to 1334 First National Bank build­ing.• Robert L. Henry, Jr., '07, is now asso­ciated with the State University of Iowa,Iowa City, Iowa, as Professor of Law.The address of Phares G. Hess, '07, hasbeen changed and he may now be reachedat 410, 35 North Dearborn street, Chicago.Leo H. Hoffman's present address isroom 1600, 110 South Dearborn street. Tele-phone Randolph 2124..Andrew W. Johnson, '11, formerly of Al­bert Lea, Minn., has moved his office to505 Plymouth building, Minneapolis.William E. Jones, '13, has become a merrs­ber of the firm of Jones & J ones, Harlow­ton, Mont.The present address of C. M. Joice is4443 Magnolia avenue, Chicago.Ira Elden Johnson, '11, formerly locatedat Grand Island, Neb., is now at 2550 Michi­gan avenue.Frank D. Jones is now residing at 6418Drexel avenue, Chicago.The present address of William R. Jordanis 2410 Jackson boulevard.Lynn H. Keeler, '13, of Auburn, N. Y.,may also be reached at 19 Irving street,Cambridge, Mass.Harry Glenn Kinsley, '13, formerly ofShelbyville, Ind., is now located at Sheri­dan, Wyo.The residence address of Henry W. Lac­key, '06, has been changed to 6105 Black­stone avenue.Eugene F. Kline, '11, is located at 648New Hampshire avenue, Los Angeles, Cal.James A. Knowlton, '10, has associatedhimself with the Illinois Traction Company,Mayer building, Peoria, Ill.The address of Gustave A. Kramer, '12,is Decatur, Ill.Carl H. Lambach, '12, may be reached at513 New Putnam building, Davenport, Iowa.Henry Lampl, '06, is at 602 Schweitzerbuilding, Wichita, Kan.The new office of William H. Leary, '08,is 601 Newhouse building, Salt Lake City,Utah.90 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEThe Association of Doctors ofPhilosophyThomas J. Riley, '04, is general secretary 0 fthe Brooklyn Bureau of Charities with officesat 69 Schermerhorn St.Walter F. McCaleb, '00, is now associatedwith the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, Tex.,in 1 he capacity of vice-chairman of the board.N. Johanna Kildahl, -'09, is at home in 1\ I aza,North Dakota, caring for her mother who isill.Herman A. Spoehr, '09, chemist at CarnegieInstitution, Desert Laboratory, Tucson, Ariz,will represent the University at the inaugura­tion of President von Klein-Smid at the Uni­versity of Arizona.\Villiam F. Luebke, '11, Professor in theState University of Iowa, has an article in"Modern Philology" for November, 1914James G. Randall, '11, Professor of historyand economics in Roanoke College, Salem, Va,delivered two lectures recently before theRoanoke chapter of the American Institute ofBanking on the topics, "Elementary Principlesof Economics" and "Economic Processes."D. J Evans, '14, formerly professor in For­man Christian College at Lahore, India, hasheen appointed Organizing Director of theDepartment of Foreign Service in Union Theo­logical Seminary, New York.At the University of Montana several Chi­cago trained teachers are in evidence Theseinclude 'Mr. Charles C. Sterling, '08, head ofthe department of accounting; M r. L R.Thompson, '11. in the department of physics.Leslie J. Ayer, J. D. '01, acting head of thelaw school; G. F. Reynolds, Ph. D., '98, headof the department of English, George R Coff­man, Ph. D., '13, also of the department ofEnglish, Nels ]. Lennes, Ph. D., '07, head ofthe department of mathematics. and Mr. Hill,A. Band A. rvL of Columbia University, can­didate for the doctor's degree at Chicago, alsoof the department of mathematics The lawschool is. without doubt, the strongest betweenl\linnesota and the Pacific coast, and the de­partments of English and mathematics also aremost creditable to the Chicago men who havebuilt them up and are pushing them to thefront. For instance, the mathematical libraryhas been made within two years one of the bestamong all the smaller western state universi­ties. Further plans already approved by theadministration provide for the strengtheningof this department, both as to books and men,in such measures to place it in the very fore­front of all institutions of its class.Theodore G. Soares, '94, Professor of Reli­gious Education in the University of Chicago,is editing a series of convenient hand booksunder the title of Principles and Methods ofReligious Education. These books will bepopular in presentation but thoroughly scien­tific in character. Two volumes are now ready-"Graded Social Service for the SundaySchool." bv \Milliam Norman Hutchins, and"The Sunday School Building and Its Equip­ment," by Herbert Francis Evans, '09, Profes- sor of Biblical Literature and Religious Edu­cation at Grinnell College, Grinnell, Ia. TheUniversity of Chicago Press published thebooks.George H. Shull, '04, writes: "In the way ofnews it might interest some of my fellow Doc­tors to know that my family and I have re­cently returned home after spending an en­tire year in Berlin. During the year I was atwork in Dr. Baur's experimental garden atFriedrichshaven. After the war broke out, Ihelped to supply the shortage of help in han­dling the other investigations at the garden.Before the general meeting of the DeutschenBotanischen Gesellschaft, October, 19B, I pre­sented a paper "Uber die V erebung der Blatt­farbe bei Melaudr ium'"; and at the annualW anderversamulung of the Gsesellschaft zurFor derung deutscher Pflauzezucht, in Gottin­gen, June, 1914, I gave an address by invita­tion "Uber Heterozygotie mit Riicksicht aufden Praktischen Zuchtung erfolg." I was theonly American botanist at the Engler Banquetin celebration of Dr Engler's 70th birthday.Tn September we went to Denmark and Swe­den for ten days, visiting Dr. Johannsen inCopenhagen; Dr. Kaj anus and Mr. Heribert­Nilsson in Landskrona, and Drs Nilsson andNilsson-Ehle in Svalof. We were in Hollandwhen Antwerp fell and saw the poor refugees,but experienced no inconveniences or hard­ships of any kind."Chester N. Gould, '07, writes: "T wasgranted leave of absence to study abroad butthe war made that undesirable. so I am at workin the Fiske Icelandic Collection in the libraryof Cornell University. It is an excellent cof­lection, well catalogued, and the librarians arevery hospitable to persons coming from else­where for work."Frank C. Brown, '09, writes from Durham,N. c.: "There is little that I can say con­cerning my work, for I have accomplished al­most nothing that will be of interest for theMagazine; since March, 1913, I have been hardat work for the North Carolina Folk-LoreSociety, which I had the pleasure of organizing,i. e., with the generous help of fifty prominentpeople of this state, and of which I have beensecretary-treasurer since the organization. Ifthis material is regarded as worthy of men­tion, it can be said that our society has alreadycollected 18 variants of the 305 English andScottish ballads catalogued by Child. 18 vari­ant s of other traditional English ballads, fiftyAmerican ballads or songs, some general andsome purely local, 20 negro ballads, manyghost and witch tales and Indian legends,negro tales, hundreds of luck signs, cures.charms, unusual uses of words, etc., etc., all ofwhich will be published by the Society thiswinter in a handsome royal octavo volumeAs secretary I am chairman of the publicationcommittee. and I have so far had the pleasureof doing the work of collecting and editing."William C. Moore, '10, who was for fourvears an instructor in chemistry at ColumbiaUniversity, has been with the National CarbonALUMNI AFFAIRSCompany, Cleveland, Ohio,. as research chem­ist since September, 1913. On Nov. 10, 1914,at the Chemist's Club, in New York City, Dr.Moore read a paper on "Chemistry in the De­velopment and Operation of Flaming Arc Car­bons" before a joint meeting of the AmericanElectrochemical Society, the Illuminating En­gineering Society and the Gas Institute, theoccasion being a symposium on chemistry inits relation to lighting.Frank Grant Lewis, '07, was president of theKeystone State Library Association during theyear November, 1913-0ctober, 1914. The an­nual meeting of the association at the close ofthe year was regarded as exceptionally suc­cessful. Dr. Lewis is librarian of Crozer The­ological Seminary, Chester, Pa., and also ofthe American Baptist Historical Society, whoselibrary collection is administered in the librarybuilding of the Seminary. Beginning in 1910,Dr. Lewis has given each year a course inlibrary economy for the Crozer students, prob­ably the first of such courses to be given in atheological seminary, and the only one in­tended primarily to introduce students, at thebeginning of their course, to the proper useof books and the intelligent use of a library.Dr. Lewis is identified with the anti-liquormovements in Chester. In the autumn of 1913he served as secretary of the executive com­mittee of the no-license campaign, which pro­duced an unusual impression in favor of theabolition of the liquor traffic. Since that timehe has been secretary of the. Chester Anti­Liquor League, which has continued the con­test against the saloon and supported a statelegislative candidate in the last campaign whodrew off a considerable vote from the Re­publican and Democratic parties, both of whichrefused to take a stand against rum. Dr.Lewis has also served as secretary of theChester committee of the Flying Squadron ofAmerica, whose visit to Chester on December10, 11 and 12 had a marked effect for sobrietyand civic reform.The National Academy of Sciences met atthe University of Chicago on December 7, 8and 9. The Quadrangle Club was made head­quarters for the members, and the first meet­ing was at. a luncheon at the club on December7 at 1 :00 P. M.Among those who read papers at the meet­ing were: Gilbert Ames Bliss, '00, "A Generali­zation of a Theorem of Gauss Concerning Geo­desic Triangles; Leonard E. Dickson, '96, "Re­cent Progress in the Theories of Modular andFormal Invariants," and F. R. Moulton, '00,"An Extension of the Process of SuccessiveApproximations for the Solution of DifferentialEquations"; Herbert N. McCoy, '98, "TheSolubilities of Radium Compounds as Indicatedby the Solubilities of Analogous Compoundsof Calcium, Strontium and Barium"; R. T.Chamberlin, '07, "The Fundamental Segmenta­tion of the Earth"; Charles J. Chamberlin, '97,"A Phylogenetic Study of Cycads"; WilliamCrocker, '06 and J. F. Groves, S. M., '12,"Method of Determining the Life Duration ofSeeds"; and Frank R. Lillie, '94, "The F ertiliz­ing Power of Sperm Dilutions." 91News of the Classes1883Mrs. Elizabeth Cooley Bruner is teaching inChowan College, N. c., of which her husbandis president.1884Lydia A. Dexter has returned to Chicagofrom the University of Illinois library. Heraddress is 2920 Calumet Ave.1899Alice Davis writes: "I have been teachingin the Wadleigh High School in New YorkCity since 1900. My subjects are history andcivics, the most fascinating of all subjects."Her address is 23 Nagle Ave., New York City.190.2Brieta Bobo (Mrs. Burt T. Stanton) hasmoved to 4434 Lake Park Avenue, Chicago.Belle Halsted (Mrs. Frank P. Barker), hasmoved to 303 West Jefferson St., Fort Wayne,Ind.Edith Jenkins (Mrs. William A. Logan), isspending the winter at the New Palace Hotel,San Diego, California.Ethel Remick (Mrs. Irvin McDowell), isliving in her new home at 6806 Constance Ave.,Chicago.190.3James M. Sheldon is president of the Syn­dicate Film Corporation of 71 West 23d St.,New York City,1905Thomas Newlin, who took his Master ofPhilosophy degree in 1905, has been presidentof Whittier College, at Whittier, California,since 1907.Isabel Simeral is superintendent of theUnited Charities of Los Angeles. Her ad­dress is 370 S. Los Redles Ave., Pasadena.Dr. Homer E. Watkins was recently electedpresident of the Michigan State OsteopathicAssociation. .Isabelle Webster (Mrs. Stephen Reid Capps,Jr.), and Mr. Capps, '03, have moved to 2745Macomb St., Cleveland Park, Washington,D. C.1906C. L. Garnett is urging the establishment inthe Chicago Municipal Court of rules provid­ing for a "Poor Man's Court" or "Concilia­tion Court,' in which litigants may try theirown cases. In a letter to Judge Olson he haspointed out the success of such courts in Ohioand Kansas, and cited their successful opera­tion in Denmark and Norway since the 18thcentury. He believes the Municipal Court hasthe power to adopt a rule that all civil casesinvolving $50.00 or less may be tried by thelitigants themselves before an assigned judge,who shall act as lawyer and interrogator forboth sides. Justice E. O. Brown of the Appel­late Court in a letter to Mr. Garnett says, "Ofall the legal and judicial reforms proposedwithin the last few years I regard the one yousuggest as the most practical, the most impor­tant, and likely to be the most beneficent in itsoperation." Following Garnett's letter, JudgeOlson appointed a committee of judges to in-92 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEvestigate the operation of the Cleveland Con­ciliation.Mary H. Spencer, Ex. (Mrs. J. A. Whitlow),is living at 5937 McPherson Ave., St. Louis,Mo.Alice K:raniz, Ex. (Mrs. Mansfield) hasmoved to Bethlehem, Pa., where Mr. Mans­field is in charge of Coal By-Products pro­duction.1907Jessica Foster is living at 944 East 52d St.Marion Milne (Mrs. Joseph Emmett Hall),has moved to 17 West 35th St., Indianapolis.Ethel Terry has moved to 5496 East EndAve.Grace Dusenbark, Ex., has moved to 621East Market St., Akron, Ohio.1908Gertrude Greenbaum (Mrs. A. RichardFrank), is livi.ng at 5204 South Park Ave.1910Harry S. Richards, probation officer in theJuvenile Court for Cook County has been ap­pointed special agent of the Children's Bureau,United States Department of Labor, Wash­ington, D. C.1911Leonard W. Coulson is in the advertisingbusiness in Chicago and living at 6849 Dor­chester Ave.The firm of Scott & Son, of which J. D.Scott, Ex., is a member, announce their ap­pointment as managers in Cook County for theIllinois Life Insurance Company. The firm islocated temporarily at No. 10 South La SalleStreet.1912To Mr. and Mrs. James L. Lightbody(Mabel Payne, '06), a daughter, KatherineJane, was born on October 18, 1914.1913Emma Canterbury, Ex., is living at 722 EastFellow St., Dixon, Ill.1914N enozo Utsurikawa is attending Harvardgraduate school.1915Frances Ross, Ex., is teaching dancing inDes Moines, Iowa. Her address is BrownHotel, Des Moines.Henrietta Tredwell, Ex., is at Whittier Hall,Teacher's College, Columbia. She is studyingdomestic art.1916J ohn Norgaard, Ex., is located at Muskegon,Mich., in the chemical department of the papermill.EngagementsMarcus Andrew HirschI, '08, Law, '10, andJ essie Heckman, '10.Florence M. Gerhard, Ex., '10, and WilliamD. Otter of La Grange, Ill. Charles M. Steele, '04, of Detroit, Mich., andMiss Mabel Hamilton Cowgill, Western Re­serve University, '08, of Cleveland, Ohio. Themarriage is set for February. They will re­side in Detroit.Renslow P. Sherer, '0.9, of St. Paul, andJessie Drew, daughter of Mrs. Walter JosephDrew of New York City.Maynard Ewing Simond, '12, and EstherTaylor, '13.MarriagesAileen Spaulding, '04, to Lester DavissonHammond, on July 30,1914. Mr. Hammond isa member of the faculty of the University ofWisconsin. They reside at 1715 Adams St.,Madison, W-isconsin.Katherine Gannon, '07, to Dr. Dallas B.Phemister, on December 10, at Chicago. Theywill be at home after February 1st at 5465 EastEnd Ave., Chicago.Edith Prindeville, '11, to Kenneth NoelAtkins, on December 22. Mr. and Mrs. Atkinswill be at home after February 1st at 1176Piedmont St., Atlanta, Georgia.Elizabeth Foss, Ex., '11, to Harry CliffordBrown, Jr., on November 21, at Chicago. Athome at 5418 Woodlawn Ave., Chicago.Wilhelmina Priddy, '13, to Milton EverettRobinson, '12, Law '14, at Chicago.Mary Leona Holderness, Ex., '14, to Weight­still Arno Woods, Law, '13, on December 24,at Chicago. At home at 1156 East 54th Place,Chicago.Byron Cole Howes, Ex., '13, to Edith Coon­ley, '11, at Chicago, on January 6. At homeafter February 1, at 1153 East 54th St.Lynne John Bevan, '03, to Elizabeth Alexan­dria Young, on December 29, at 25 PrincetonPlace, Upper Montclair, New Jersey.Alfred O. Shaklee, '00, to Jeanne Barral, atGrenoble, France, on June 15, 1914. Mr. Shak­lee, formerly associate professor in the Collegeof Medicine and Surgery, University of thePhilippines, at Manila, has recently been ap­pointed assistant professor of pharmacologyin the University of Illinois, College of Medi­cine. Mr. and Mrs. Shaklee reside at 201South Ridgeland Ave., Oak Park, Ill.Ella Augusta Spiering, '12, to Sherre L. Bal­lard on September 23, at the Colonial Club,Chicago. Mr. Ballard is a graduate of FerrisInstitute, Big Rapids, Mich., and of WorshamSchool of Embalming, Chicago. They live at11 Pleasant St., Sparta, Mich.DeathsCharles Lyle Barnes, Ex., '09, son of C. L.Barnes, formerly professor of Botany, died onJanuary 3, and was buried on January 5.ALUMNI CLUBS-ATHLETICS 93Alumni ClubsChicago Alumnae Club: On Wednes­day, December 30th, the Chicago Alum­nae Club held a luncheon in one ofthe private dining rooms of the ChicagoCollege Club, 17th floor Stevens building.We had forty-eight members present,many of whom were only in Chicago forthe holidays and are not able to go to ourother meetings.Miss Agnes Wayman made an an­nouncement about the new managementof the magazine and asked all those whowere not already subscribers to send intheir dollar and a half.On Saturday, January 9th, Mrs. Jud­son held a reception for the AlumnaeClub in her home from four until sixo'clock. FLOR�NCE G. FANNING) Sec. California Alumni Club: The Clubheld its annual dinner at Los Angeles allDecember 21. Dr. C. H. Judd and DeanMarion Talbot were guests of honor, andabout 50 members were present. Theclub took up the matter of providing aroom and registering place at the Pan­ama-Pacific International Exposition atSan Francisc.o, and will have them readyat the opening of the exposition on Febru­ary 20. A "Chicago Day" is planned forsome time in July.Jerome O. Cross of Pasadena waselected president of the club for the en­suing year.MYRTIE COLLIER,Secretary.Chicago's Athletic Record�MNames of Conference � cM t.-Universities .- "<:ji »<; "'"' "'"'t r<� ro,...-l � -.:tt ... -.:tt �.�� M ..."M T""I �'7 r-. T""Io� ch 0' ro"'"' Q)cO cQ�� 000 �� �� ro�� ...... OM Cl)M Q)M C/)T""I :::sr-! ,J:::M �r-! 'I'""i..... 0:.�f$ (.)� Or-! Q� o� "O� ... � roO:> roC':>.�C §� s:;:-r-4 ;..,T""I ;...T""I ..... rl �C:.8'-' ..... '-' :.8'-' :::s'-' 0'-' "0'-'t$ � Z � 0U 0 il-I H ......Men students eligible fori IConference competition ... 1 504 2,140 1,579 ,-1,401 1,398 1,014 928 644 570Allowing for a 10 per cent! Ierror ................... 1 1,926 1,421 II 1,261 1,258 913 835 580 5131A recent compilation of figures showsinterestingly two things: First, that Chi­cago has fewer students than any otherconference college from whom to pickher athletic teams, and second, that inspite of this great handicap her athleticrecord has been better than that of any ofher rivals. The first set of figures were compiledfrom the catalogues or registers of thedates given. They include men studentsfrom all departments, including the pro­fessional schools, who are above first­year rating and not holders of degrees.For all universities except Chicago anallowance of 10 per cent is made forduplications and transfer students.94 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINETo summarize, Chicago has not quiteso many men from whom to pick herathletes as Iowa or Indiana, less thantwo-thirds as many as Northwestern andPurdue, two-fifths as many as Minnesotaand Ohio State, slightly more than one­third as many as Illinois, and a little morethan one-fourth as many as Wisconsin.Of course these are recent figures, but it is a safe inference that the relatiue num­ber of men' in these universities has notbeen radically different in the past twentyyears.With the exception of basket-ball, thefollowing statistics date back to thefounding of the University of Chicagoin 1892:October, 1892, to January, 1915, IInclusive Football Games Baseball Games Dual TrackMeets IBusket-Ball GamesSince Opening ofConference Sched­ule in 1906Chicago won 11Wisconsin won / 10Tied 2132'7 11 I 910Chicago won................. I IIllinois won I 14Tied 14 20 16Tied 121 1551Chicago won 1. IMinnesota won ..............• 1 Tied 16 10Chicago won 1IPurdue won ................• I 16Tic:d 13Chicago WOll ••••••••••••••••• 1INorthwestern won I 17Tied 3 118 111 74510 II 5 14o9Chicago won \Indiana won . 12110 1··················1\ . 8oChicago won IIIowa won 'I Tied 21Chicago's record in football speaks foritself. In basket-ball Chicago has beenundisputed champion three times, andWisconsin three times. No other mem­ber of the Conference has had a cleartitleA recapitulation of the points scored byConference universities in the first four­teen intercollegiate track and field meets ri3 1··················)1··················1 81shows that Chicago leads with 353 17 /120points; Illinois is second with 275 4 /�points, and Wisconsin third, with a totalof 235% points. In the fourteen yearsChicago has won the meet on two occa­sions, has finished second six times, thirdon four occasions, and was fourth twice.Chicago never has finished below fourthposition.�Conference Meets .� C'd � s0 £ <1)Cil CilDate a: � <1) � U}eo ·0 0 § ::J 0C'd � � ro ro .�.� § � � :.a,...c: � � ::J ,...c:U � Z � .5 01901 ............... I 17 .... �. I 28 14 1 1 I 5 1········1········1········1902 ............... 1 � 25 6 1 19 9 1· .. ·····1 3 I 5 I ....... � I ...•....1903 ............... 1- 40 I 10 I ········1 6 I 5 I 5 j •••••••• I .•.•..•.1904 ............... L- ... 29 1 25 1 ········1 12 1········1 1 I 6 1········1905 ............... I 56 1 1 1 I 8 1········1 I 1 , ........I1906 ••••••••••••••• 1 203/5 74/5 I I ······1 I 1 I· ..... �.·I 5 1··.·····1907 ................ I 28 31 I 17 I Ilh I 2% 1 .. ······1 3 1········1········1908 ............... I 24 18 I 20 I .··· .... i 9 /········1········1 6 1········1909 ............... I 21 36 I 12 1 6 I 1········1 1 1 3 1········1910 . � •••....••.•.• Ic_�·-14� 14% / 11 I 10 , 1········1 6 ,········1·········1911 .. ··.··.·.· .. ··1 25% 19 5/121 19 1/121 10% I / 2 1······.·1······ .. 1········1912 ............... , 15 26 I 12% I 8 I I I········[········!········1913 ....••••••••••• 1 17% 47% I 28% I I I 9Vz l········I .. ·.· .... 1 41914 ········· .. ·.·.1 20YG I 457/121 19� 1 3 I 5% 4% I 2% 1 .. ······1 4%'Total .......... 1 353 17/1201 275 4/5 I 23534 1 711/121 68� 34 5/6 1 30% I 21 ! 8%Ia BALDRIDGE IN' BELGIUM JJ 95The table does not indicate points wonby universities outside the conference.Since 1898 when Chicago began com­peting in the one-mile relay champion­ships at the Pennsylvania Relay Carnival,Chicago has won five times and Yale haswon five times. Pennsylvania has wonthree times: Harvard twice, Syracuseonce, and Illinois once.In tennis, Minnesota is the only othermember of the Conference which haswon the Western Intercollegiate Tourna- mente Chicago has won fourteen times,Minnesota twice.In summary, Chicago has shown gen­eral athletic superiority to Indiana, Iowa,Northwestern and Purdue in everything;to Minnesota in everything but football;to Wisconsin in everythirig but basket­ball, and to Illinois in football, basket-balland tennis. Counting all forms of dualcompetition except tennis, Chicago haswon from Conference competitors 345times, tied 11 times and lost 180 times,a percentage of .657."Baldridge 10 Belgium'"[Leroy Baldridge, '11, in Novemberwent to Belgium as correspondent andsketch-artist for the Chicago EveningPost. His first article appeared in thePost for December 29. He describesfirst his luck in getting a pass from Con­sul Whitlock at Antwerp, then tells howhe started through to Paris on foot, andwas arrested deep in France and turnedback. Extracts from" his subsequent ex-periences follow.-ED.] "Walking by way of Florennes I arrivedat Thuin. On high ground near the clocktower I stood by a Belgian trench, withthe country spread out map like allaround, while an eye-witness explainedgraphically about the siege; how the Ger­mans came down under continuous fire,where they built a bridge; how the allieswere forced back from point to point andthe climax of bayonet charges on the hillsbehind. And he told me how in themidst of the fight a French officer turnedmad and ran frothing at the mouth aboutin the street, terrifying the few peoplewho had remained hid in cellars. I ad­vised my guide to practice up on his Eng- r1ish to be ready for the curious Americantourists of a few years hence. For nonewill miss Thuin. At the Hotel de Ville a newsboy wascrying his papers. Thinking these werenewspapers he carried under his arm Ibought one. It was an official death list,sold at a penny.By this time my heavy United Statesarmy shoes were worn thin. Again Itried to rent some kind of vehicle, butnot one remained in the city. Finally,however, I was offered a bicycle for 100francs, which the owner had taken topieces and hid from the Germans. Sosecreting ourselves that night in a base­ment room, we reconstructed this ma­chine.At Maubeuge, France, a soldier whocould talk English was kind enough toexplain that, though he had orders toshoot on sight any civilian riding abicycle, he would be gentle and merelyarrest me. Fortunately, the officer incharge had been in the Philippines fortwenty years and considered himself al­most an American. But I must returnto Brussels, he said, and after much dif­ficulty 'procured a pass for me "mit fahr­rad." I decided to. take the long wayback.One noon I stopped at a little "estami­net." It was half demolished and had96 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEbeen rechristened, for over the door wasa newly painted sign: "Cafe de la Bat­tai1le de Quatre Bras."Within, several soldiers were drinking.But one sat alone, holding the inn-keep­er's little girl in his lap. He stroked herhair and sobbed, declaring that she waslike his own whom he never expected tosee again.A train of ten siege guns moved pon­derously along the road. Each piece hadits ammunition and equipment wagons,and company of soldiers tramping be­hind; and each was pulled with a largesteam traction engine. On the engineboilers were stamped the words: "Madein Leeds, England."The few people remaining in the vil­lages grouped themselves on the highground, discussing whether the sound 0·£firing were stronger or fainter than in thedays before; whether the Germans wereretreating or advancing.The commissary was at work, killingcattle and hogs, baking bread and send­ing food to the trenches; ambulancewagons rushed by; wounded who werestrong enough came walking to emer­gency hospitals; and occasionally mid thebooming of German guns one heard thelong whistle of English shrapnel. Mean­while soldiers marched by always, withtheir monotonous swinging stride. . . .My pass still worked. And I rodeslowly on among scenes which leave inthe mind a nightmare of horror; a redvision of machine guns and dead men in bundles; and a feeling more of dis­gust than admiration for the cold busi­ness efficiency with which it ISaccomplished. . . .At Roulers two men of the cycle corpsoffered to take me to the firing line, andwe rode to Westroosebeke. There thegray men loaded and fired, loaded andfired, never saw the enemy and werehauled back wounded and dead. Some300 yards in front were the trenches.There other gray men thrust in their"clips of five" and shot at other men'sheads in other trenches. All around themen fell quickly like targets in a shootinggallery. Shells broke and left smal1clean-white clouds hanging in the sky tillthe wind waved them away.I sat on a railing with a group of pri­vates-several college boys, one professor-by a cottage used as a Red Cross sta­tion. We talked of many things, andthere was wine-r-Belgian wine-and therewere lots of good cigars-Belgian cigars.These men were resting. They had beenout in the trenches and soon were goingback. One had seen four classmateskilled. Occasionally the sound of shrap­nel would turn from whistling into ascreech, and then all would duck instinc­tively, grin at each other and wonderwhere it would break. A game, and aninteresting one. Twenty feet away ashot struck, splintered a tree and left thetop to fall, m yellow smoke, across theroad.The attention of all alumni is directed to the following statement, whichappeared in the last issue and which contains a definite suggestion for effectivecooperation with the Alumni Council: "If every alumnus subscriber will renewhis membership (which includes subscription) immediately upon receipt of theexpiration notice, he will help the Council to save a considerable expense whichshould be unnecessary. The difference between the expense of one notice ofexpiration and of three such notices is not very great "in each individual case,but figured collectively it is much. You can, therefore, cooperate very effectively,fellow-alumnus reader, by responding immediately upon receipt of an expirationnotice. Don't wait for a second notice."