The University of ChicagoMagazineVOLUME VI JULY 1914 NUMBER 9EVENTS AND DISCUSSIONProfessor Robert Francis Harper, of the Department of SemiticLanguages and Literatures, brother of the late President WilliamD th f p Rainey Harper, died of a stroke of apoplexy in London,f ea H - ro- August 6. He was in his fiftieth year, having been bornessor arper in New Concord, Ohio, October 18, 1864. ProfessorHarper was graduated A.B. 'from the Old University of Chicago in1883. After two and one-half years' study of Semitic languages in theuniversities of Berlin and Leipzig, he secured his Doctor's degree inthe latter institution in 1886. From 1886 to 189I he was instructor inYale University, In the meantime, however, he 'spent the larger partof one year as Assyriologist in the expedition of the University of Penn­sylvania to Babylonia. In 1891-92 he began to construct his magnumopus, the Assyrian and Babylonian Letters of the Kouyunjik Collectionof the British Museum, by publishing Part I. When the Universityopened in 1892 he was made Associate Professor-of Semitic Languagesand Literatures, his special field being Assyriology. Since 1900 he hasbeen Professor, and since 1907, editor of the American] ournal of SemiticLanguages and Literatures. Of his magnum opus, thirteen parts havebeen issued, and the fourteenth is expected to appear in September.The Code of Hammurabi was his notable contribution to knowledge in1903. He made for himself a unique place among Semitic scholars.The Association of Alumni' Secretaries has published a completereport of its second annual conference, held in Chicago, November 21Report of the and 22, 1913. The report makes a volume of 128 pagesSecond Confer- and is undoubtedly the most interesting and valuableence of Alumni summary of the alumni activities of the country that hasSecretaries ever been brought together.The Association was formed in February, 1913. .Representativesfrom twenty-three institutions met at Columbus, Ohio, and organizeda society whose purpose was "to bring together, for conference and2I72I8 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEmutually helpful, discussion, the men who are in active charge of. thework ofthe college alumni associations ofthe country." 'That this pur­pose-is being realized is evident to 'anyone who turns the pages of thissecond annual report.The forty-eight universities and colleges represented include most ofthe' leading institutions of, the 'country, together with many, smaller.ones, and present a sufficiently varied list to be regarded as, standing forthe entire body of American colleges. ,The five, sessions were crowded with, interesting papers and dis­cussions on topics too numerous to be' even summarized here. Whatimpresses the reader most is the, earnestness and generosity with whichthe alumni organizations are aiding and supporting the colleges. Steadyand systematic giving has come to be recognized as the duty of an alum­nus, and the task of a secretary is in most cases not to arouse but simplyto direct this spirit of loyal co-operation.Among the definite accomplishments, of this, conference were theestablishment of a general bureau of alumni information and. the adop­tion of measures looking toward a co-operative advertising arrangementfor- the alumni periodicals'. "This latter promisesto be of the greatestassistance in one of the hardest problems of alumni journalism. ,The general spirit of the meeting was well expressed by the President,E. B. Johnson, "of the University. of Minnesota, when he said: "Themodern . alumni association is a business organization+-it is' organizedfor efficiency. 'Its only reason to be is that it affords the individualalumnus' opportunity to increase the efficiency of his individual effortin behalf' of. the institution, and enables him to keep in touch - withfellow alumni. ,The philosophy 'of organized alumni effort is simplythat of the modern business consolidation-for efficiency. It- has beenbrought about through the recognitionof th_e fact that a very moderateamount of organized loyalty is worth an unlimited amount ofunorgan­ized good will. Through a sense of gratitude, or through a recognitionof public duty, as alumni, we are desirous of-doing somethingthat isreally. worth while for the institution to which-we. owe allegiance. I W �are ready to do something, if we can be sure that that something isreally worth while."Alumni whose membership fees have been paid fOI; the year fromNovember, 19I3, to November, '1914, are urged to renew' at this time.R ' "1 f The present number" of the Magazine completes theSebnew� t.o volume, and there-will be no furth, er issues until .Novem-u scrip Ions b I n 1 b f "'. h ffi if fere t wu e 0 great 'assistance to teo ce I ees arepaid at once. It is 'especially important that the' office be informedpromptly of all, changes of address.PROBLEMS OF AUSTRIA-HUNGARYBY A. C. VON NOE, A.B., PH.D.Assistant Professor of German Literature, University of Chicago[The following article was written by Professor von Noe before the Balkan Warand has never been published. It becomes peculiarly interesting in view of recentevents and is now printed as throwing light on the conditions that preceded the pres­ent European contlict+-Eorroa.]In order to understand the conditionsof modern Austria-Hungary it is neces­sary to understand the history of thiscountry, because all modern problemsare the result of a historical development.The origin" of Austria-Hungary goes farback to the early beginnings of the Ger­man Empire. It was founded by Em­peror Charles the Great in the territorywhich he had wrested from a Tartarictribe, the A vars, in the protracted warfrom 79I to 796. This territory extendedon both sides of the Danube and had itscenter in the town which we now callVienna. The A vars themselves hadfound a civilized population in those dis­tricts because Vienna was an old Romancolony with the name of Vindobona.The Germanic migration had flooded overVienna. Sla vic and Tartaric tribes hadpassed by its gates without being ableto exterminate the civilization of the oldRoman province.Charles the Great called the newlyacquired territory Ostmark, which meansthe eastern boundary district. Later itwas called Osterreich, meaning the east­ern kingdom or Austria in. Latin, and itwas held as a fief for several centuries bythe ducal house of Babenberg. It wasa warlike house and they were famouscrusaders. One of them had capturedRichard the Lion-hearted and hadheld him in long captivity. Severalof the dukes of Austria had fallen inbattles with their neighbors and the lastone had been killed, without issue, in avictorious battle against the Hungariansin the year I 246.There was some fighting for the pos­session of the inheritance of the last dukeof the House of Babenberg and finally inI282 Emperor Rudolf the First securedthe territory for the House of Hapsburg.For two hundred years Austria remaineda medium-sized state, not bigger than Bavaria is at present. It consisted atthat time of what is at present lowerand upper Austria, Styria, Triest, Co­rinthia, Carniola, and Tyrol. To thatmust be added a few small possessionsin Swabia, Switzerland, and Alsace.The Hapsburgs have always beena very aggressive and enterprising familyand they had tried on many occasions toextend their sovereignty over the neigh­boring territories. They did not succeedpermanently until the second half of thefifteenth century, when the small duchyof Austria suddenly developed into aworld monarchy. In I477 ArchdukeMaximilian, son of Emperor Frederickthe Third, of Germany, married Maria,the heiress of the Burgundian Empire.The latter embraced the Netherlands,Burgundy, and other parts of EasternFrance. Their son, Philip the Fair, mar­ried Johanna, the daughter and heiressof Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella ofCastile. The marriage brought to theHouse of Hapsburg an enormous ter­ritory: Spain, Southern Italy, Sicily,Sardinia, and the Spanish possessions inAmerica, Asia, and Africa. The son ofPhilip the Fair and J oharina of Spainwas Charles the Fifth, emperor of Ger­many, in whose territory the sun neverset. He left the government of his Ger­man possessions to his brother Ferdi­nand; the latter, by reason of marriagecontract, 1526, acquired, after the deathof the last king of Hungary, who hadfallen in the battle of Mohacs, the king­doms of Hungary and Bohemia. Hun­gary was at that time infested by theTurks, and the Hapsburgs had to fightout Turkish wars for nearly two hundredyears.During the latter half of the sixteenthand the entire seventeenth century, theHouse of Hapsburg in its two branchesowned an enormous empire in the known219220 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEworld, but the Spanish branch died outin I7Q�,;and, the German branch inheritedfrom-It Belgium, and a large share of'Italy � -In I 740:; the German branch ofthe Hapsburgs in its turn died out in themale line and Maria Theresia, the heiressof Charles' the' Sixth, .the last prince ofthe House of Hapsburg, had to defendher empire against greedy neighbors.She succeeded in holding her own withthe exception of the larger part of Silesiaand some small districts in Italy. Be­f ore she died' she made up this loss byincreasing her possessions by a large sliceof Poland.Afterthe Napoleonic wars the Austrian 'Empire obtained its present size exceptthat it controlled upper Italy, which 'waslost in the years I859 and 1866, and thatit acquired by an act of the Congress ofBerlin, I878, a protectorate over the Turk­ish provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina.In summarizing these facts we see thatthe present Austro-Hungarian monarchyconsists of Austria proper, forming thesouthwestern section of the empire,to which are added the kingdoms ofBohemia, and of Hungary, a portionof Poland, a portion of the Balkan penin­sula, and the coast district or Dalmati.a.This complex of countries at presentforms three distinct sections: I) Austriaincluding Bohemia and the Polish ter­ritory, 2) the kingdom of Hungary, withthe dependencies of Transylvania andCroatia, and 3) Bosnia-Herzegovina­altogether 260,000 square miles; with apopulation of 52,000,000. Austria andHungary are governed each by a parlia­ment consisting of an upper and a lowerhouse,and Bosnia-Herzegovina by a stateassembly, The common affairs of themonarchy are controlled by delegatesfrom the Austrian and Hungarian par­liaments. These delegations meet everyyear for a few weeks in order to receive rthe reports of the Austro-Hungarianchancelor and of the Austro- Hungarianministers of war and finance. There arealso an Austrian and a Hungarian cabinetwhich are responsible to their respectiveparliaments. The Austrian Parliamentis elected by universal male suffragewhile Hungary has still a restrictedfranchise.The present emperor of Austria andking of Hungary is Francis Joseph, whowas .born in I,830 and ascended to thethrone in 'I 848. He will be succeededby his nephew, the Archduke Francis Ferdinand, who is now a man of overfifty years of age.The population of Austria-Hungaryembraces Germans, Magyars, ' Slavs,Roumanians, and Italians. The Aus­trian portion of the monarchy has overeigh teen million Slavs, over ten millionGermans, and less than a million Italians,making a total of about twenty-ninemillion inhabitants; while Hungary, withtwenty-one million inhabitants, containsnearly nine million Magyars, over two mil­lion Germans, over seven million Slavs,and nearly three million Roumanians,Bosnia-Herzegovina has a population ofnearly two million Slavs. -There is con­siderable jealousy among these variousraces, especially between Germans andSlavs on the one side and Magyars andSlavs on the other. The adjustment ofthe diverging interests of these variousraces forms a great source of trouble forthe Austrian and Hungarian governments,and it is difficult to predict on what ba­sis the proper solution 'may be found.Probably it will be necessary to formautonomous administrative districts fordifferent nationalities, but this J'olutionmeets with the difficulty that the variousraces mingle in many provinces and donot have clearly defined geographicalboundaries. ' ,The racial problem has been forcedinto the background during the last tenyears by social differences of class inter­ests, We see on the one side a strongagrarian population which is confrontedby the industrial workers. Still .anothergroup is formed of the capitalists and the­professional classes. These three di­visions correspond roughly to-the politicalparties of the Conservatives, Socialists,and Liberals; a fourth large politicalpatty has been organized by- the .RomanCatholic clergy and their adherents.The policy of this party is to strengthenthe influence of the state church, whichis the Roman Catholic church.The social differences in Austria andin Hungary are closely connected withpresent-day economic conditions, Earlyin the nineteenth century the Germans inAustria-Hungary were far ahead of theother nations in economic strength.Since that time the Slavs and Magyarshave wonderfully developed and are nowfar nearer to the Germans than formerlyin the, race for economic supremacy,although the Germans are still in thelead. Hand in hand with the improve-PROBLEMS Of AUSTRIA-HUNGARYment of the economic condition wentthe educational and social improvementof the various races. The Slavs nowconsidered themselves almost the equalsof the Germans and, refused longer toaccept German supremacy.Another change took place in Austria­Hungary which was merely one phaseof a world-wide development. Austria­Hungary, especially the western portionof the monarchy, has turned from agri­culture to industry. Due to' this cir­cumstance is the fact that the cities ofwestern Austria have grown rapidly andthe factory districts contain very largemasses of industrial laborers: In con­sequence the difference of races has beenrapidly replaced by a difference of classes.When general male suffrage was in tro­duced in Austria proper, the first parlia­ment elected upon these principlescomprised eighty-seven Social Democratsand ninety-seven Christian Socialistsainorig its 516 members. These twoparties have only seventy seats eachin I the present Austrian Reichsrat buteven these numbers are large, consideringthe many small parties of the Austrianparliament. The only larger party isformed by the German Liberals, whocount at present ninety-nine members.The present Austrian Parliament is per­haps less occupied with race differencesand more with the improvement of theeconomic and social conditions of themiddle and working classes.The Hungarian Parliament is not yetelected. upon a basis of general malesuffrage but is still controlled by theprivileged classes. It has 453 members.There is in Austria, as well as in Hungary,an upper house whose members are notelected by the people but either areappointed by the emperor-king for life­time or hold their seats by virtue of highoffices or possessions of large landedestates.There is considerable jealousy betweenAustria proper and Hungary and eachportion' of the monarchy tries to get theupper hand in common affairs. Formerlythe Hungarians had the advantage ofa more. popular parliament which was. strongly supported by the people in itsfight against the Austrian bureaucracy.At present Austria has a more democraticconstitution and the Austrian governmenthas the sympathy of the people in itsstruggles against the Hungarian Parlia­ment; besides, the Hungarian govern- 221ment has its hands full in defending theHungarian constitution against moderndemocratic principles. There. is nodoubt that the introduction of universalsuffrage in Hungary will considerablylessen the political influence of the Hun­garian gentry and reduce its ambition forthe establishment of an independent andseparate kingdom of Hungary. 'l Thereis another very strong argument whichworks for the union of Austria and' Hun­gary and this is Hungary's economicdependence on Austrian capital andAustria's dependence on Hungarianmarkets. A political separation of thetwo countries would bring about greatdistress in the economic conditions ofboth and neither one is at present in thesituation to support an economic crisis.It is generally considered that a feelingof loyalty toward the ruling dynasty isthe strongest tie between Austria andHungary and also between the differentraces of both countries. There is nodoubt that Francis Joseph, who hasreigned more than sixty years over hisdominions, is generally greatly belovedand respected. He is a man of verysimple habits and ways and has faithfullyperformed his duties to the country in goodand evil days. In spite of his eighty­three years, he has not lost his grip onthe affairs of the country and has alwaysbeen a strong factor for peace. The in­fluence of the crown will continue pro­vided that Francis Joseph's successor willfollow the policy of the old emperor.During the long reign of Francis Josephthe foreign relations of Austria-Hungaryhave undergone many important changes.When he ascended the throne in I848 hisdominions were in open rebellion againstthe House of Hapsburg. Hungary haddeclared its independence, Vienna hadtaken arms against the imperial troops,the Italian provinces 6'£ the empire hadpractically seceded, and local revolutionshad broken out in Bohemia and Galicia.Hungary was conquered with the helpof the Russian army, and the revolutionin the other provinces of the empire wassuppressed by Austrian generals. Theimmediate result was an' effort on thepart of the Austrian government to cen­tralize the administration of the empireand to reduce Hungary to the mere rankof a province. This attempt failed, andafter the two unsuccessful wars, the firstagainst France in the Ylfr I859 andthe second against Prussia in I 866, the222 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEmonarchy was reorganized on the basis ofa dual empire with Austria and Hungaryas equal partners, but with Austria bearingthe larger share of the common. expenses,During the early reign of FrancisJoseph the influence of the AustrianEmpire was predominant in. Germanyand Italy and was growing on the BalkanPeninsula. As a result of the wars of1859 and 1866, Austria was driven fromItaly and Germany, but its predominantposition on the Balkan Peninsula hascontinued, However, the united Ger­many and the united Italy proved tobe friends of Austria, with whom thelatter entered into a defensive alliance-the so-called Triple Al1iance. Arraignedagainst the Triple Alliance is the dualalliance consisting of France and Russia,with whom England seems to have en­tered into political partnership. Thesethree countries are usually spoken of asthe Triple Entente. The formation ofthese' two groups of European countrieshas practically determined the foreignpolicy of the great European powers.The predominant feature of Europeanpolities' seems to be the present antago­nism between Germany and England.There is no real and immediate cause for'conflict between these two countriesexcept a very pronounced rivalry of thetwo nations in world-.. commerce andworld-politics and the challenge of thesupremacy of the English fleet by therapidly growing maritime forces of Ger­many. The German Empire seems tohave decided that ,it will not submit toEngland's naval supremacy and thelatter is equally determined not to giveup its naval position. The mutual jeal-:ousy of the two nations is deeply rootedand reaches down into the masses. Asmall and in itself absolutely, insignifi­cant dispute may precipitate both na­tions into a disastrous war. Austria isbound by a treaty and by strong commoninterests to come to the aid of Germany.The latter is supporting the AustrianBalkan policy and has rendered consider­able services to the dual monarchy duringthe crisis which followed Austria's an­nexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.The second problem of great inter- national importance is the situation onthe Balkan Peninsula. The interests ofAustria and Russia conflict. Russia isat present in need of communication withthe open sea. The entrance into theBaltic' would probably be dosed in timeof war. She was deprived of her onlyice-free harbors on the Pacific by Japanand the treaty of Paris of 1856 closes theDardanelles to men-of-war. Anotherpossible road to the desired harbor forRussia leads to the Persian Gulf. TheRussian policy of expansion seems to havetwo goals in view at present; the one isthe control of Constantinople, the other,the control of the coast of Persia. Thepresent antagonism between Germanyand England facilitates the advance ofRussia.A general conflagration on the BalkanPeninsula may be precipitated by thedissolution of the Turkish Empire. Theconsequence would be a clash betweenAustria and Russia. It is difficult topredict how far a war in Europe mightspread, and the disastrous results of aworld-war can scarcely be imagined.The hope of all sincere friends of peacemust always be that all internationaldifferences be settled amicably.There is no country in the world thatis more in need of a peaceful developmentof its national resources than Austria­Hungary. If this country should be sofortunate as to enjoy an unlimited periodof external peace, it will in all probabilitybe able to adjust its internal conflicts.The present-day economic competitionof nations has become so Keen that onlylarge economic' units are .able to holdtheir own, and the various races ofAustria-Hungary can be better off in acommon political union than they wouldbe if separated into insignificant individualstates, I believe this fact is more thor­oughly realized by the members of theAustro-Hungarian Empire than everbefore, and in consequence the prospectof a dissolution Of the- empire is moreremote at present than it was ten yearsago. Even the death of the aged em­peror, Frands Joseph, will probably haveno serious dangers for the continuedexistence of the dual monarchy.RUSSIA AND GERMANYBY SAMUEL N. HARPER, A.B.Extension Instructor in the Russian Language and LiteratureA strong antagonism between Russiaand Germany has been an importantfactor in producing the present crisis ..This antagonism is of comparativelyrecent date; during the last years ithad taken on new aspects, and hadassumed threatening proportions. Fromthe Russian point of view, the antago­nism has been both economic and politi­cal.- The present commercial treaty be­tween Germany and Russia was nego­tiated arid, signed in I904-5. Russiawas at war with Japan, and Germanyhad observed absolute neutrality, forwhich she rightly expected some 'marksof gratitude. The Japanese War wasfollowed by a period of unrest and dis­order in Russia. Germany took ad­vantage of the situation and was able tosecure very favorable terms for herimports into Russia. The revision ofthis treaty, prior to its renewal at theend of this year, has called forth aninsistent demand from Russian manu­facturers that. less favorable rates beestablished for German imports, andlower rates for the Russian exporter toGermany. Feeling has been very 'bitterduring the negotiations on this question.Russia has been enjoying a remark­able economic boom. The Germanshave been quick to realize this, and toseek every advantage. The Germanseller has been invading the most remotedistrict; so that the __ Russian peasanthas come to know the "dumb one," asthe German is called in Russian. This"dumb one" had, however, learned abit of Russian, and now could talk andmake his bargains. In many districtsthe first western foreigner with whom thepeasant ever has had business dealingshas been the German "drummer," withhis ploughs and other wares. Any in­justice the simple peasant may havesuffered in the bargain is attributed tothe German.In the large business world, Germanfirms have been able to secure importantprivileges and concessions; they have been able to make much of these ad ..vantages; the Russian is new at business,and has not yet developed the highestability in business lines. Also he hasfrequently found himself in a less favor­able position than his German competitorwho has secured "special privilege" ofan official character. German interestshave found protection in high govern­ment offices.This last fact is easily explained. TheGermans from Russia's Baltic Provinceshave contributed many important offi­cials to the Russian bureaucracy. Pro­Germanism has come to representreactionary tendencies in internal politicsas opposed to an enthusiasm for Eng­land, for English friendship and Englishpolitical institutions. During the periodof reaction which followed the revolutionof I905-6, the so-called German partywas very powerful at court. The Rus­sians looked to the Germans for modelsof .government; they encouraged Ger­man enterprise and trade in Russia.This influence has been on the wanesince 1908, however.That year marked a new phase in theconflict between Austria and the Slavsof the Balkans." Germany supportedAustria in the annexation of Bosnia andHerzegovina, and has continued to gowith her on aU points of her anti-Slavpolicy. Russia's mission, to protectthe Slav's of Southeastern Europe, is astrong tradition in Russia. Though ithad weakened for a time, when thegovernment policy toward the FarEast took a new direction; the recentyears have witnessed the return of thistradition; it has become stronger andmore generally sensed. It led inevitablyto estrangement betweeri Germany andRussia.Germany has her reasons for support­ing ,Austria. Russia, may have morethan a sentimental basis for her interestin the Balkan Slavs; but she had madefrank declaration of her attitude andpolicy on this point. The strugglebetween Austria and Servia was inev-223THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO·MAGAZINEi table, if Austria refused to allow thedevelopment of a strong Servia. Whenthe Austrian-Servian antagonism cameto a crisie+who- was responsible for theimmediate crisis is: not so important-e-:the inevitable result was the alignmentof Germany and Russia on oppositesides,It is said that Bismarck advocated analliance . with Russia rather than withAustria. But Russia and France came together. German influence in Russiacontinued, however, until quite recently;the sovereigns of the two countries hadmuch 0 ill .common; • there was also astrong personal bond . between. them.Russian-Austrian antagonism in thematter of the Near-Eastern problemweakened this: bond and finally' forcedthe present situation, in which Germanyand Russia: are at war; and areinvadingeach other's territory.THE UNIVERSITY RECORDThe latest news from President Judsonin China.-It. will be of great interest toall members of the University, the alumni,and other friends of the institution toknow something of the progress of theChina Medical Commission of the Rocke­feller Foundation, of which PresidentHarry Pratt Judson is the chairman.The other members of the commissionare Roger Sherman Green and Dr. FrancisWeld Peabody, of Boston. In a letterwritten from Peking, june 18, PresidentJudson says:"Our trip thus far has been delight­fully interesting and I think. successful.We have been now in nine of the eighteenprovinces, have seen practically all the;medical schools, many of the hospitals,and very many of the persons of influence,both European and Chinese. We haveeverywhere been received with greatcourtesy and have been aided on all sidesin our investigation. Weare now plan­ning to go down to Shanghai tomorrow,and I presume will run down to. Hong­kong, as we feel we must see the work atCanton. From there we shall go toJapan, where I expect to spend some timein digesting our material and preparingour report."President and Mrs. Judson expect tosail from Yokohama for San Franciscosometime in the autumn.Dean Mathews' visit to J apan.- TheU ni versity Board of Trustees has grantedleave of absence during the comingWinter Quarter to Dean Shailer Mathews,of the Divinity School, to visit Japan asambassador of the Federated Churchesof Christ in America, of which organiza­tion Professor Mathews is the president.The plan involves a formal repre­sentative mission, the first of its kindever undertaken between the UnitedStates and any of the countries wheremissionary work has been done. Indi­vidual denominations have, of course,had their representatives visit the workof their missions, but the present pro­posal is that a representative of the feder­ated Protestantism of America go. -torepresent the entire group of co-operatingorganizations, thirty in number, repre- senting a church membership of approxi­mately 16,000,000 people.On the part of Japan there is involvedthe action of the Federation of JapaneseChurches, and arrangements will be madethere for the conduct of work on Japanesesoil.The plan proposes a series of addressesat the chief centers of Christian activityin Japan, including the universities.The general purposes of these addresseswill be to give to the Japanese Christiansan idea of Christianity in America, par­ticularly along undenominational lineswith reference to the development ofChristian scholarship and social service.It is also intended to give the Japanesean impression as, to the general attitudeof American Christians toward Japan asa nation, thus reciprocating the workwhich is now being done by represen­tatives of Christian churches of Japanin America at the present time. Thecarrying-out of the plan is thought to beof great importance from the point ofview not only of church but of inter-national fellowship. IThe Convocation address.-The addressdelivered at the Ninety-first Convocationof the University on June 9, 1914, by Pro­fessor Kuno Francke of Harvard Univer­sity, was on the subject "The Unpopu­larity of German Literature." Amongthe peculiarly German traits enumeratedby the speaker were slowness of temper,regard for authority, and distrust of theaverage intellect, a penchant for vagueintuitions of the infinite, defective: senseof form, a passion for self-surrender, andwhimsical fanaticism; and he found theseGerman traits diametrically opposed toAmerican ways of thinking and feeling.He said that the literature in which thesepeculiarly German traits found expressionwould naturally not be particularly popu­lar in America. In closing, the speakersaid that the most encouraging aspect ofthe present situation was to be found inthe study of German literature in Ameri­can colleges and universities.The address in full will appear inan autumn number of the AtlanticMonthly.226 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINERegistration for the Summer Quarter.�Registration for the Summer Quarterat the University was recently announced,and a gratifying increase over the attend­ance of a year ago is shown. The totalnumber of men. registered on July 3 inthe Graduate Schools of Arts, Literature,and Science was 726 and of women, 42I,a total of I,I47; in the Senior and JuniorColleges I,249 men and 942 women, atotal of 2,I9I; in the ProfessionalSchools (Divinity, Law, Medicine, andEducation) 577 men and 669 women, ittotal of I,246; and excluding duplications,the registration for the entire Universityamounts to I,696 men and I,598 women-a grand total' of 3�294. The registra­tions for the Second Term of the SummerQuarter, which begins' on July 23, willprobably increase this total by severalhundred.All parts of the country are repre­sented in the attendance at the U niver­sity, the southern states as usual havinglarge delegations. One special train of.two hundred teachers came from Texasalone, Galveston, Fort Worth, and-Dallasbeing among the cities represented.Among the members of the summerFaculty of the University are more, thanfifty from other institutions, includingHarvard, Yale, and Leland StanfordJunior, and the universities of Texas,Manitoba, and Saskatchewan.A new affiliation with the University.­A significant new. affiliation with theUniversity is that of the Chicago Theo­logical Seminary, which has now beenofficially announced. The Board ofDirectors of the Seminary at a recentmeeting voted unanimously to en terinto this new relation of co-operationwith the Divinity School of the Univer­sity, and it is expected that as soon aspracticable the Chicago TheologicalSeminary will move to the South Sideand erect new buildings in the vicinityof the University.This affiliation is under such termsas to leave the Seminary independentlycontrolled by its own board of directors,retaining its power to direct its studentbody and to give degrees. While theplan of affiliation involves no corpo­rate merging of the two Institu­tions, it provides means by which thestudents of the" Chicago TheologicalSeminary shall have the advantagesoffered by the University of Chicago under the same terms as the students ofthe Divinity School of the University.It will be possible for students' of eachschoo 1 to take courses under either facultyif they so desire, and thus the range ofelecti ve work . will be greatly extendedand the opportunity for specializationgreatly increased.The Chicago Theological Seminary is'one of the most important schools ofthe Congregational denomination. Itsfaculty has always been noted for abilityandit includes at the present timesuchdistinguished teachers as President OzoraA.'Davis, Professor Graham Taylor, andProfessor C. A. Beckwith.The academic conditions of admissionto the two institutions will be the sameand thus there will be brought togetherone of the largest if not the largest bodyof graduate theological students in thecountry. _.Already associated with the DivinitySchool are the Disciples' Divinity House,the Ryder House, and the NorwegianBaptistDivinity House. With the com­ing of the Chicago Theological Semi­nary the associated theological facultieswill include between forty and fifty pro­Iessors, constituting thus the largestgroup of men giving theological instruc­tion connected with anyone institutionin the United States .. The student bodyof the Divinity School at the present timeis one of the largest in the country, theattendance, excluding the Summer Quar­ter, being about 165, and including theSunimer Quarter, amounting to nearly400. With the coming. of the ChicagoTheological Seminary and the alreadymarked increase of students of the Di­vinity School, the total number is ex­pected to reach 250 regular students atleast, excluding approximately the samenumber for the Summer Quarter, thusmaking probably the largest number ofstudents engaged in theological study inone institution in the Protestant world.The new Laboratory of Medical Sciences.-The Laboratory of Medical Scienceswill be located on' the west side of EllisA venue, .. north of the' temporary Psy­chology Building, and will have a front­age of approximately one hundred andeighty feet and a· depth of about fiftyfeet, with wings at the north and southends fifty feet in width and extendingback eighty feet. The new building willconsist of general and private labora-THE UNIVERSITY RECORDtories, research laboratory rooms, class­and working-rooms, and also an assemblyroom. in the rear, thirty by forty feet,to accommodate one hundred and fiftyto two hundred students. The building,one story in height, will be of brick ex­terior.This new laboratory will be occupiedby the Departments of Bacteriology andPathology. The work is already underway, and it is expected that the buildingwill be ready for occupancy at the open­ing of the Autumn Quarter on October I.The windows, desks, drainage, plumbing,electrical work, and heating facilitieswill be installed with a special view tothe purposes and uses of the scientificdepartments mentioned. Hallways willextend through the center of the mainbuilding north and south and through thecenter of the wings extending east andwest, on either side of which will be lo­cated the laboratories and classrooms.The cost of the building will be about$50,000.Since the preceding paragraphs werewritten, the University Board of Trustees,has voted unanimously to name the newlaboratory in honor of Howard TaylorRicketts, who lost his life in Mexico fromtyphus fever contracted while studyingthe disease. Professor Ricketts was con­nected with the Department of Pathologyand Bacteriology for eight years.Changes in the Law Faculty.-ProfessorClarke B. Whittier, of the Law Faculty,who has been on leave of absence in Cali­fornia during the past two years, hasresigned from the Law School, and hasaccepted a professorship of law in LelandStanford Jr. University. Professor Whit­tier was a member of the Stanford lawfaculty before he came to the Universityof Chicago at the establishment of itsLaw School in 1902. For the past twelveyears he has been a member of the LawFaculty here, and his resignation, dueprimarily to his health, has been acceptedwith great regret.The vacancy caused by ProfessorWhittier's resignation has been filled bythe appointment of. William UnderhillMoore from the faculty of law ofthe University of Wisconsin. ProfessorMoore is a graduate of the ColumbiaLaw School, 1902, having previouslyreceived a Bachelor's and a Master'sdegree from Columbia University. Afterpracticing for four years in N ew York City he became a member of the la wfaculty of the University of Kansas in1906. In 1908 he was called to the U ni­versity of Wisconsin, where for the lastfour years he has, been a professor of law.He has taught in the summer sessionof the Columbia Law School for severalyears, and this summer is teaching in theLaw School here, where he had previouslygiven instruction in the Spring Quarterof 1913'. He is one of the authors of astandard case-book on bills and notes, ofseveral articles in legal encyclopedias, andof various contributions to legal periodi­cals. He has a highly successful recordas a clear and stimulating teacher.Special investigations by ProfessorH oxie.-Robert Franklin Hoxie, Asso­ciate Professor of Political Economy, hasrecently accepted an appointment asspecial investigator in connection withthe newly organized Federal Commissionon Industrial Relations. The specialsubject of his investigations will be thesystem of scientific management in re­la tion to certain social and economicaspects of the labor problem. The 'Uni­versity Board of Trustees has grantedProfessor Hoxie leave of absence for thecollege year beginning October I, 1914 ..Professor Hoxie was graduated fromthe University in its first class (1893),and was for three years following hisgraduation a Fellow in political economy.He was Acting Professor of PoliticalEconomy and Political Science in Wash­ington and Lee University in 190I-2,became Instructor in Economics at Cor­nell University in 1903, and received hisDoctor's degree at the University ofChicago in 1905, where he has been suc­cessively Instructor, Assistant Professor,and Associate Professor. Dr. Hoxie isan associate editor of the Journal ofPolitical Economy, a member of theAmerican Economic Association andthe American Association for LaborLegislation, and is the author of numer­ous articles dealing especially with tradeunionism and socialism.A new edition of Professor Jordan's"General Bacteriology."--:-Announcementis just made by the publishers of a fourthand revised edition of a textbook ofGeneral Bacteriology, by Professor EdwinOakes Jordan, of the Department ofBacteriology. This new edition presentsvery fully the bacteriology of plants,228 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEmilk and its products, dairying, agri­culture, water, and food preservatives;of leather-tanning, vinegar-making, andtobacco-curing; and of household ad­ministration and sanitary engineering.One of the most important chapters con­cerns the bacterial diseases of plants.Besides being the author of this volumeof 650 pages, Professor Jordan has trans­lated Hueppe's Principles of Bacteriology,and is also joint editor with ProfessorLudvig Hektoen of the Journal of In­fectious Diseases. Dr. Jerdan is, chiefof the serum division of the MemorialInstitute for Infectious Diseases, andhas been president of the Society ofAmerican Bacteriologists. He was re­cently made the chairman. of the newDepartment of Hygiene and Bacteriology.Dr. Chamberlin's visit to Australia.­Assistant Professor Rollin T. Chamberlin,of the Department of Geology, is absentduring the Summer Quarter on a visit toAustralia in connection with the BritishAssociation for the Advancement. ofScience. The members of the associa­tion are the guests of the Commonwealthand are holding their sessions in the prin­cipal . cities of the country. ProfessorChamberlin joined the main party inLondon and sailed with them from thatcity on July 3. The route chosen wasby the Mediterranean, Suez, Red Sea,and Colombe to Fremantle, WesternAustralia. Scientific meetings of theassociation will b� held in Perth, Adelaide,Melbourne, Sydney, and Brisbane, andnumerous short excursions will be madeto places of special scientific interest inthe vicinity of the capitals. Followingthe meetings in Australia the associationwill visit New Zealand.-Dr. Chamberlin will return to Chicagoby way of the Pacific in order to be attheopening of the Autumn Quarter in Octo­ber.A "Graduate School of Religion andEthics."-The new affiliation of theChicago Theological Seminary with theUniversity of Chicago. calls renewed at­tention to the fact that the DivinitySchool of the University is a graduateschool with the same conditions of en­trance as those of the Graduate Schoolsof Arts, Literature, and Science; butwith the coming of the Chicago Theo­logical Seminary it will be possible to.carry forward to immediate execution plans already made for the organizationof a "Graduate School of Religion andEthics" intended for graduates of theo­logical seminaries, thus forming the onlyschool in the United States of this grade.In . this school it will be possible for themen of exceptional ability to obtain thedegree of Doctor. If they are preparedfor highly specialized work in some Jieldof religious activity they can take coursesleading to the Ph.D. degree. If, how­ever, they wish to prepare for highervocational efficiency in the pastorate orthe foreign-mission field, their work canbe so organized as to be more vocationalin character.At the present time the DivinitySchool is furnishing a very considerableportion of the professors in the theo­logical seminaries of all denominationsin the United States. It is a favoriteplace for study among missionaries ontheir furlough. In fact, during the pastyear there have been about seventy per­sons in all departments of the Universitypreparing for work upon the foreignfield.Four new books by members of theFac'l�lties.-Books of special interest thathave just been announced for early pub­lication by the University of ChicagoPress are The Evolution 'of Early Chris­tianity, by Shirley Jackson Case, Asso­ciate Professor of New TestamentLiterature; and Water Reptiles of thePast and Present, by Samuel Wendell Wil­liston, Professor of Paleontology. TheUniversity Press also announces the new"University of Chicago Science Series,"which is intended to make it possible forthe investigator to present the results ofhis special researches and their scientificbearing, not only to a wider public, butto his scientific colleagues, in a form moreattractive and accessible than is possiblethrough scattered contributions in tech­nical journals. The first volumes in thisseries are already in preparation, one ofthem by Professor Thomas C. Chamber­lin, Head of the Department of Geology,on The Origin of the Earth, and. the otherby Professor Robert Andrews Millikan,of the Department of Physics, on TheI solation and Measurement of the Electron.Both books are expected to attract wideattention because of the successful specialinvestigations- of their authors, one inglacial geology and the fundamentalproblems of geology for the CarnegieTHE UNIVERSITY RECORDInstitution and the other in the field ofphysics and electricity.Commencement speakers from the Fac­ulties.-Members of the Faculties ofthe University were in great demand ascommencement speakers during themonth of June. Professor John M.Coulter, Head of the Department ofBotany, gave the commencement addressat Illinois College on June 12 and receivedfrom the college the honorary degree ofDoctor of Laws, and also gave the addressat the Bradley Polytechnic Institute,Peoria; on June I9; Dean ShailerMathews, of the Divinity School, spokeat the commencement of Eureka Collegeon June 12, and also at Lincoln College,June 17; Director Charles H. Judd, ofthe School of Education, gave an addressat Toledo University, June 10, another,June 12, at the Elgin high school, and athird at the Central State Normal Schoolof Michigan on June 24; Dean Albion W.Small, Head of the Department of So­ciology, was the speaker at the com­mencement of Iowa State College onJune II; Dean Otis W. Caldwell, of Uni­versity College, spoke at the Goshen(Indiana) high-school commencement,and also at the Rockford high school,June 18. Professor Theodore G. Soares,Head of the Department of Practi­cal Theology, was -the commencementspeaker at the LaSalle-Peru TownshipHigh School, and Professor NathanielButler, of the Department of Education,gave the address at the commencementof Monticello Seminary, of which hewas recently made a trustee.Lectures on modern theological scholar­ship.-In the important series of lectureson "The Aims and Methods of ModernTheological Scholarship," now beinggiven at the University, Dean ShailerMathews, of the Divinity School, gavethe opening address on "The Purpose ofa Modern Divinity School"; ProfessorHinckley G. Mitchell, of Boston Uni­versity, spoke, June 23, on "The PresentStatus of Old Testament Study"; andon June 30 Associate Professor Edgar J.Goodspeed, of the Department of Biblicaland Patristic Greek, spoke on "ThePresent Status of New TestamentStudy"; Shirley Jackson Case, Asso­ciate Professor of New Testament Inter­pretation, discussed on July 3 "TheHistorical Interpretation of Christian Ori­gins"; and on July 14 Professor Andrew C. McLaughlin, ( Head of the Depart­ment of History, discussed "The Studyof Church History." On July 24 Pro­fessor George Burman Foster, of the De­partment of Comparative Religion, spokeon the subject of "The Philosophy ofReligion," and on July 28 ProfessorGerald Birney Smith discussed "ThePresent Problems of Systematic The­ology." The whole series will concludewith two lectures in August, one on the"Present Problems of Practical The­ology," by Professor Theodore GeraldSoares, Head of the Department of Prac­tical Theology, and the other on "Chris­tianity and Social Problems," by Profes­sor Charles Richmond Henderson, Headof the Department of Practical Sociology.Successful open-air plays in ScammonGardens.-The University of ChicagoSettlement League secured the CoburnPlayers of N ew York for a series of nineopen-air plays in Scammon Gardensduring the second week of July, the pro­ceeds ot the plays to go to the work of theSettlement in the stockyards district.This company of players has duringseveral summer quarters appeared atthe University and with great success,their interpretations of both classic andmodern plays being especially effectiveand artistic. This year the companymaintained its reputation and the attend­ance was larger than a year ago. Thefirst play they gave this season was PercyMackaye's Jeanne d'Arc, on the eveningof July 6. They also presented twoother plays by the same author-TheCanterbury Pilerims and Sanctuary, ABird Masque, the latter proving of pecul­iar interest and charm to bird-lovers inChicago, as it did in the East, where itwas first given in the interest of Americanwild bird protection, the author himselfand two daughters of President Wilsonbeing in the cast.As You Like It, The Merchant of Venice,The Merry Wives of Windsor, Taming ofthe Shrew, and Hamlet were the Shak­sperean plays produced, as well as Eurip­ides' I phigenia in Tauris, in the trans­lation of Gilbert Murray.The weather conditions were especiallyfavorable and the proceeds for the Uni­versity Settlement are expected to begenerous.Appointments for graduate students.-«Among the graduate students in geologyand geography at the University who23° THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEhave received appointments for nextyear are Mr. William H. Haas, who goesto Northwestern U niversity as an in­structor in geology and geography; Mr,Jo.seph J. Runner, who becomes a memberof the faculty at the School of Mines ofSouth Dakota; and Mr., Frank_ A.Herald, who goes to China on an unusualsalary as geologist for � large oil company.The University Preachers for July andAugust.-The University Preachers forthe Summer Quarter' included for themonth of July Professor Herbert Lock­wood Willett, of the Department ofSemitics; Professor George Burman Fos­teri of the Department of ComparativeRe igion; Professor Charles RichmondHenderson, Head of the Departmentof Practical Sociology; and Dean Shai­ler Mathews, of the Divinity School.On August 2 the speaker will be Dr,William Byron Forbush, president of theAmerican Institute of Child' Life, Phila­delphia; and Dr. James Hope Moulton,of the University of Manchester, will bethe Convocation Preacher on August 23.J ames Henry Breasted, Professor ofEgyptology and Oriental History andDirector of the Haskell Oriental-Museum,has just been elected to membership inthe American Institute of Social Science,an organization similar in scope to' theAmerican Institute of Arts and Letters.Professor Breasted has recently finishedtwo histories of oriental and classicalcivilizations' to be used as textbooks inhigh schools and colleges. _"London Literary and Social Life inthe Early Nineteenth Century" is thegeneral subject of an attractive series oflectures to be given at the Universitynear the '_ end of July by Dr. Leon H.Vincent, of Boston'. The series will begiven in Leon Mandel Assembly Hall andwill include, on July 27, "Samuel Rogersand His Literary Breakfasts"; July 29,"A Society Minstrel: Thomas Moore";July 30, "Lady Blessington and GoreHouse"; and on July 3 I, "Distaeli as aDandy and -a Novelist." Dr. Vincenthas lectured" before at the Universityduring the Summer Quarter and withgreat interest to his audiences.Professor Andrew C. McLaughlin,Head of the Department of History, isthe editor, with Professor Albert Bush­nell Hart, of Harvard University, of the Cyclopaedia of American Government, thefirst volume of which has just been pub­lished. Two more volumes of the workwill be issued. Professor McLaughlin isthe author of a recent volume publishedby the University of Chicago Press underthe title of The Courts, the Constitution,and Parties.Professor Ira M. Price, of the Depart­ment of Semitics, was elected a memberof the International Lesson Committeefor next year at the recent meeting of theInternational Sunday School Associationin Chicago. Professor Price was secre­tary of the committee during the pastyear and presented its report ·to theassociation.Professor George Burman Foster, ofthe Department of Comparative Reli­gion, gave the address at the recent me­morial exercises in honor of Paul LaurenceDunbar, the negro poet. This was theseventh annual m.emorial and was heldin Chicago.Professor Theodore Gerald Soares,Head of ,the Department of PracticalTheology,' has recently been elected asLecturer on Biblical Literature in Rock­ford College.' ThisIectureship has pre­viously been filled by President Gulli­ver of the college. Professor Soares' isthe editor of, an important new series o:ri"Principles and Methods of ReligiousEducation," just announced by the Uni­versityof Chicago Press. The books, ofbrief compass, will be definitely practicaland will be addressed to immediate prob­lems of religious education:Frank Mitchell Leavitt, Associate Pro­fessor of Industrial Education in the Col­lege of Education, was one of the speakersat the recent meeting of the NationalEducation Association in St. Paul, Min­nesota, the subject of his address being"Manual Training." Another memberof the Chicago Faculty who was on theprogram of the associa tion was Sopho­nisba Preston Breckinridge.Assistant Pro­fessor of Social Economy, who spoke on"The Social Waste of Sex Discrimina-tion." " IAssistant Professor Adolph C. vonN oe, of the ,Department of GermanicLanguages and Literatures, took part inthe recent meeting at the La'Salle Hotel,Chicago, of the National German­American Teachers' Association. Dr.von Noe spoke on the teachingof Germanliterature in the fourth year of high-schoolcourses in German.ALUMNI AFFAIRSNew from the Classes.-1873Charles R. Henderson (D.B.) has beenelected first vice-president of the IllinoisState Society of the American Institute ofCriminal Law and Criminology. Thesociety met in Chicago in May and advo­cated the establishment of a course incriminology in the University of Chicagoand the University of Illinois for the sci­entific study of crime.1903Roy D. Echlin (D.B.), president ofBuena Vista College, Iowa, had thedegree of Doctor of Divinity conferredupon him by Parsons College, Iowa, atthe June Convocation.1907Royal H. Fisher goes as a Baptist stu­dent volunteer to the mission field inTokyo, Japan.1909Harry A. Hansen has been appointedforeign correspondent of the ChicagoDaily News at Berlin, Germany.1910Born to Mr. and Mrs. Harold C.Huggins, a son, on June I I, at Tokyo,Japan. Mrs. Huggins is the daughterof the noted Japanese scholar, the lateCaptain Francis Brinkley. Their presentaddress is American Consulate General,Yokohama, Japan.19IIFlorence Catlin is actively engaged inpolitics. She was campaign managerand secretary for Alderman Willis O.Nance in the recent aldermanic electionsand has just been appointed a member ofthe Republican auxiliary committee of127 by ex-governor Deneen of Illinois.Horace G. Colpitts has accepted aposition as principal of the CedarValley Seminary at Osage, Iowa, andwill begin his work there the first ofAugust. On St. David's 'Eve, February 28, inBella Vista, Callao, Peru, was born toMr. and Mrs. C. Noel Griffis (OliveForman Bickell, 'II) a son, David NoelGriffis.1912Richard Herndon has been appointedinterne in the Cook County Hospital andwill enter on his duties there September I.Walter P. Steffens (Law), former assist­ant United States district attorney, willpractice law with former Municipal JudgeFalk in the city of Chicago.1913Victor Hanson goes as a student volun­teer missionary to Shanghai, China.The marriage of Paul V. Harper toIsabel Vincent on August 29 isannounced. The ceremony will be per­formed at the Vincent home in Minne­apolis by Bishop John H. Vincent,grandfather of the bride. Mr. and Mrs.Harper will live in Chicago.1914George Alvin Peak has accepted aposition with the Central Life Companyand will make his home in Des Moines,Iowa.Stanley R. Pierce, is a candidatefor the Democratic nomination for theposition of State Treasurer of Illinois.Mr. Pierce is being strongly supported inhis campaign and it. is expected that hewill receive the nomination. Mr. Pierceis well known to Chicago men. Heplayed fullback on the football teams of19II, 1912, and 1913. He is at presentassociated with William J. Reid in thereal estate business.Engagements.-Edith Gertrude Coonley, 'I I, to ByronCole Howes, ex-'13. Both reside inChicago.Dwight P. Green, '12 (Law), to Ella K.Porter, of Lexington, Ky. Mr. Green isalso a graduate of Princeton, while hisfiancee is a M.A. of the Kentucky StateUniversity.231232 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEMarriages.-Edith Schwarz, '97, to HamiltonRogers" at Jamestown, R,.I., on July-14:·Herbert Abernethy, '99, to RuthNichols, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. M. E.Nichols, of St. Paul, on August 4. Mr.and Mrs. Abernethy will be at homeafter November I at 1947 Goodrich Ave.,St. Paul.Erwin W. Roessler, '01, to Nellie M.Lloyd. Their present address is 4II W.IISth St., New York City. Mr. Roesslertook his Ph�D. degree at Columbia Uni­versity, June, 1914. in Germanic litera­ture and language.Edward Henry, '07 (D.B.), to GraceEdith Hartman, June 3. At home at6040 Ingleside Ave., Chicago. Rufus B. Rogers, ' I I" to WilhelminaManierre, of Chicago, June 16. Thegroom, "Bunny" Rogers, won enviablelaurels a's an athlete during his stay in theUniversity, both on the track and in thefield.Ralph Edward Souers, '13 (A.M.) toHelen Louise Aiken, June 10, at Flag­staff, Ariz. After September theiraddress will be Douglas, Ariz., whereMr. Souers will teach in the publicschools.Deaths.-Dr. Alvan C. Halphide, '93 (A.B.),'90 CD.B.), died July 20, 1914, at BearLake, Pa.,Charles M. Hogeland, '03, died Sun­day, July S' at Chicago.THE ASSOCIATION OF DOCTORS OF PHILOSOPHYFrederic W. Sanders, '9 S, one of theorganizers of the J unior College at LosAngeles, Cal., has published during thepast year ( anonymously) a book ofethical and philosophical essays, andis now publishing in serial form in Edu­cation a work on the Organization ofEducation, which begins in the Januarynumber.Edward Scribner Ames, '9S, officiatedas chaplain for Harvard students duringthe first week in June. -J. P. Munson, '97, attended a meetingof the Association of Scientific Societiesof the Pacific Coast held in Seattle, May22 and 23. He read a paper before thesection of Economic Entomologists andwas elected a member. Mr. Munson is afellow of the American Association forthe Advancement of Science and severalother scientific associations.Arthur Kenyon Rogers, '98, professorof philosophy at the University ofMissouri, has accepted a call to YaleU ni versity.Mary B. Harris, '00, has been ap­pointed superintendent of the women'sprison of the New York County work­house.Sophonisba P. Breckinridge, '01, wasone of the speakers at the Illinois Daybanquet tendered the guests at thebiennial convention of the GeneralFederation of Women's Clubs, June 13.F. H. H. Calhoun, '02, professor ofgeology and mineralogy, Clemson Col- lege, will be in charge 'of an investigationof the limestone arid marl deposits ofSouth Carolina and their value for agri­cultural purposes. The trustees of Clem­son College have appropriated $300 forthis work.Charles H. Gray, '04, assistant pro­fessor of English literature, Universityof Kansas, has taken leave of absencefor the year I914-IS, which he will spendat the University of Pennsylvania .asHarrison research-fellow in English underProfessor F. E. Schelling.Adolph von Noe, 'oS, has been ap­pointed by Governor Dunne as a delegateto attend the conference of the AmericanPeace Centenary Committee, which will,hold a meeting in conjunction with theNewfoundland and Canadian Commis­sions at Mackinac Island in July, for thepurpose of arranging a program' for thecelebration of the Peace Centenary.Emil Goetsch, '06, is resident surgeon.at the new Peter Brigham Hospital ofHarvard Medical School and assistant inthe department of surgery, having goneto Harvard a year and a half ago fromJohns Hopkins Hospital. He is nowfinishing a research on "The Influence ofthe Pituitary Body on Genital Develop­ment," a preliminary report of which hemade before the Society of ExperimentalBiology and Medicine in New York lastNovember. At the request of Sir Will­iam Osler, Dr. Goetsch published in theJanuary number of The :Quarterly JournalALUMNI AFFAIRSof Medicine a review entitled "CriticalReview: The Pituitary Body."Calvin K. Staudt, '07, professor inWhitworth College, has been appointedchairman of a Christian Workers' Con­ference to be held this month in Whit­worth College, Tacoma, Wash.R. R. Gates, '08, recently gave a specialcourse of eight lectures at Oxford Uni­versity on Cytology in Relation to Hered­ity and Evolution.Ernest L. Talbert, '09, who has beenteaching in University College, willtake charge of the department of phi-­losophy in the University of Cincinnatifor next year during the absence of Pro­fessor G. A. Tawney.L. L. Bernard, '10, who has recentlybeen elected presiden t of the FloridaState Child Labor Committee for theyear 1914-15, has charge of the workin sociology at the University of Missourisummer school from June II to August 8.Dr. Bernard is joint author with Mr.Geoffrey Rhodes of a textbook in appliedpsychology, published by Thomas Murby& Co., London.Allen D. Hole, '10, has been appointedby the State Geologist of Indiana asassistant geologist for the field season of1914, and will supervise the soil survey ofone of the counties of that state.John F . Norton, 'I I, has been madeassistant professor of the chemistry ofsanitation at Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology, Boston.Minutes of the Executive Committeemeeting held June 22, 1914.-The Execu­tive Committee of the College AlumniAssociation held its regular monthlymeeting at the Alumni Office in Ellis Hall,at 8 P.M., June 22, 1914, Miss Waymanpresiding. Present were Miss Wayman,Mrs. Terry, Miss Sunny, Mrs. Eaton,Miss Ortmayer, Miss Greenacre, Mr.Swift, Mr MacClintock, Mr. Moulds,Mr. Hostetter, Mr. Kramer, Mr. Axelson,and the Secretary. .The minutes of the preceding meetingwere read and approved, and the Secre­tary made a brief report showing thefinancial status of the Association. Theminutes of the annual business meetingwere also read.Mr. Moulds then made a report on thework of Alumni Week, showing an appar­ent deficit of $50, which was believedwould be materially reduced when allthe figures were made up. 233Miss Sunny reported on the women'sbreakfast, showing a surplus of $23.One hundred and seventy personsattended the breakfast.Mr. Kramer reported on class reunionsand Miss Greenacre on the modificationsof the constitution.The Secretary, as authorized by theAssociation at its annual meeting, thenappointed a committee to draw up reso­lutions of appreciation to be presentedto the President. The committee con­sisted of Miss Ortmayer, Mr. Hostetter,andMr. Kramer.The meeting then adjourned.F. W. DIGNAN, SecretaryFinal changes made in Constitution 0/the College Alumni Association at itsannual meeting.-I. The second sentence of Article I,Section I, changed to read "The Presi­dent and Second Vice-President shall beelected in the even-numbered years,beginning 19 I 6 . . . . "2. To Article II add Section VIII, viz.:" At the same time and in the same man­ner as 'other officers of this Associationthere shall each year be elected tha tnumber of representatives from thisAssociation in and to the Alumni Councilof the University of Chicago to which itshall be entitled under and according tothe by-laws of the Council; provided,however, that a person shall be eligibleto be at the same time a representative ofthis Association to the Council and anofficer of or member of the ExecutiveCommittee ... of this Association."3. In Article IV, add to the last sen­tence of the first paragraph of Section I,the following: "and that only such abachelor of five or more years standingshall be eligible to the office of President."4. In Article VI, on amendments,change the number of months required fornotice from three months to two months.5. The terms of all officers and mem­bers of the Executive Committee inoffice since the election of 1914 willexpire in June, 1915.Report of the Secretary-Treasurer of theCollege Alumni Association.-The CollegeAlumni Association has just completedthe most prosperous year of its historyand the results of its activities will appearclearly in the future development of itswork. It has revised its constitutionso as to admit ex-students with nineTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEmajors' credit; it has increased its mem­bership fees. so that it has funds forgeneral activities, and it has enlisted theinterest of many alumni, who previously'took 'no part in the work.The following 'are the accounts for theyear:RECEIPTSBalance on hand July I,1913 . .. $ 66.97Membership fees 225.93Refund postage on ballots '7 . 14Total receipts $300.04EXPENDITURESPostal announcements 0 iproposed changes in con-stitution $18.01Postals (notices of meet ..Ings) . . . . . .55Ballots. . . . .. .. 52 . 30Clerical service. . . . . .. .. 2 . 00Paid to Alumni Committeeon expenses _for AlumniWeek. . . . . . . .•....... 66.97Total expenditures ..Balance on hand, JulyI, 1914 . $160 21Report of the Secretary' of the AlumniCouncil.-The year 1913-14 has beenthe most active in the history of theAlumni organization. In the numberof members and in the interest shownthere has been a very distinct advanceover the previous year . No doubt thisis partly due to 'the publication of thetriennial directory, but it is felt that theground we have gained will not be lostin the years to come. With the mem­bership at its present figure it should bepossible during the coming year for thealumni. to lay plans for definite work inaid of the University. This is the objectthat the organization had constantly inmind, and it has only waited until itshould be strong enough to take definitesteps for its accomplishment.Never have so many alumni giventime and effort to the furthering of alumniactivities. This was particularly notice­able in connection with the exercises ofAlumni Week. Fully one hundred menand women were engaged in the prep ara­tions for this event.The least satisfactory aspect of thework is our financial arrangement withthe University. Under the contract cov­ering the, past year we were to. turnover to the University 50 cents for everycopy of the Directory sold and 25 :centsfor every subscription to the Magazine. The total number of Directories sold is1,925, and the total number of subscrip­tions to the Magazine for the year is1,5441; so that we should have paid tothe University on Directories $962.5°,and for subscriptions to the Magazine$386.18, making a total of $1,348.68.The amount actually paid has been $650,leaving a deficit of $698.68.While the University will doubtless bewilling to cancel this obligation, it is evi­dent that the arrangement is funda­mentally unsatisfactory. Plans for theimprovement of the financial conditionduring the coming year are now 'underdiscussion but cannot be announceduntil later. It is evident that impor­tant modifications in our arrangementsmust be developed during the next fewmonths.Below is given a statement' of thereceipts and expenditures for the year:RECEIPTSBalance on hand July I,.'1913 $ 78.31Subscriptions to M ega-zine (including mem-bership in CollegeAssociation) . . . . . . . .. 1,223.00Subscriptions; . . . . .. .. 319.87Memberships in <;011.,Ph.D., D.B. and LawAssociations ., _ 264.43Subscriptions to Direc-.tory . \, 442. 50Exchange .. .. .. \ 25.74Refund postage on postal 'cards .... '. . . . . . . . . . 1.06Received from U niver-sity for clerical workon Directory. . . . . . . . . 165 .00TotalDISBURSEMENTSMembership fees inPh.D.� Law, D.B., andCollege Associations ..Commission to Secre-tary of Council '.Postage .University Press for sup­plies and service .....Special clerical work onDirectory .Refund to University .Clerk's salary .Exchange .Miscellaneous. • . .. . .. 262.81418.71350.00630.0019.917·35Total . 2,518. IIBalance on hand,July 1, 1914 $ 1.80