The University of ChicagoMagazineVOLUME VI APRIL 1914 NUMBER 6EVENTS AND DISCUSSIONThe make-up of the committee in charge of Alumni Week is as fol­lows: chairman, John F. Moulds, '07; publicity and finance, Albert W.Sherer, '06; alumnae luncheon, Helen T. Sunny, '08;Alumni Week alumni dinner, Ernest E. Quantrell, ex-'05; class reunionsand dinners, Alvin F. Kramer, '10; sing, H. DO' 'Sulcer, '06; alumni sec­tion at conference meet, Charles F. Kennedy, '06; arrangements, AlfredC. Kelly, jr., '13. The program includes the following:Thursday, June 4, at six o'clock, dinners of classes and departments.The classes which have special reunions are '94, '99, '04, '09, 'II, '12, '13-Friday night, June 5, fraternity dinners and reunions; at eighto'clock, the sing, including classes, fraternities, and the University musi­cal organizations, the glee clubs, the band, and the orchestra; at 9: 30,an informal reception.Saturday, June 6, Alumni Day, business meeting at II :00; alumnaebreakfast at 12 :00; Conference meet at I :00, with special sections foralumni; alumni dinner at 6: 00, with a program of entertainment (notspeeches) to follow. The sing will be held in Hutchinson Court; thereception in the Court if the weather is fine, otherwise in Bartlett Gym­nasium; the Conference meet on the Athletic Field. Places for theother affairs are not yet fully decided upon.Are you coming?AnExplanationBoth the delay in the appearance of recent issues of the Magazineand the smallness of its size are due to a peculiar difficulty that has arisenin its financial situation. When the present businessmanager took over the position the circulation of theMagazine was about 500 copies. It is now nearly 2,000.The Magazine, as the alumni know, is financed by a subsidy from the141THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEUniversity; the money from subscriptions goes to support the businessoffice of the Association, except one-fourth, which is returned to the Uni­versity as a partial recompense for its guaranty. As no advertisementsare carried, increase in circulation does not increase receipts indirectly;and as the cost of issuing the Magazine to 2,000 subscribers is muchgreater than it was to issue it to 500, while the subsidy remains the same,the Magazine has been forced to contract to meet the demand. Result:great difficulty, not in making ends meet, but in keeping them apart.Not long since an alumnus complained that the Magazine was dull. Hewas right; it is dull. He asked for" sketches of travel, accounts ofadventures by alumni, and articles by them." They would be mostwelcome; but how to crowd them in? The Magazine at present isstrictly informational. A statement of what is going on, plus what SirJames Barrie's Maggie called "charrrm," there seems no room for.What shall we do ? Suggestions are invited.There are in hand, to be published' at the earliest possible, opportunitythe results of a questionnaire sent out to all "wearers of the c." Theeffort of this questionnaire was to establish some basis of!:�t:��c: and information concerning the effect of college athletics onthe athletes-an old problem about which much has beenwritten, but little is known. Every former student who had won the'varsity letter was asked to send to Fred Merrifield, in confidence,answers to questions about the value of athletics to him personally, andhis conclusions as drawn in general from observation. The same set ofquestions was sent to the other Conference colleges, with the request toeach that its athletes also be interrogated. So far only Indiana hasresponded. The trend of the answers from both Chicagoans and In­dianans is emphatically in favor of athletics, as was to have been ex-p�ct�d.In this connection a point may be' noted which was frequently referredto in the fall and winter quarters-the alleged roughness, or eyen unfairplay, of the Chicago teams. After the game with Wis­consin in November, the undergraduate daily at Madisoncharged with great freedom and vigor that the ball had been "stolen"three times by Chicago within her own ten-yard line, the offender beingnamed. Similar charges cropped up again during the basket-ball season.The Chicago team was notable in being composed almost entirely offootball players, who of course are inured to hard knocks. One of them,RoughnessEVENTS AND DISCUSSION 143indeed, seemed to certain observers occasionally to forget even the rules,to say nothing of the ideals of sport. More than once an opponentseemed to have been neatly tripped, or interfered with from behind ashe was about to throw for a basket. Those things seemed to occur notonly in games, but in practice; they were commented on freely by under­graduates. Whether Chicago was worse than its opponents hardlyseems the question. A good many men interested in athletics herebelieve heartily that no competition is better than competition whichuses unfair means. The stand of Mr. Stagg is well known. Meanness,advantage-taking, he will not tolerate. No player or group of players,however violent the heat of combat, can afford to play dirty ball; nor canany coach afford to overlook it. If any tendency toward it exists here,it ought to be stamped out vigorously.By the time this issue of the Magazine appears the first of the Black ...friar performances of The Student Superior will be over. The effort ofthe Friars this year has been toward common-sense andsimplicity. Try-outs for the principal parts were notheld until March 3 I, and for the chorus were not completeduntil April 7, thus reducing the time of rehearsal to rather less than amonth. Three years ago rehearsals were held almost all through theWinter Quarter. The chorus rehearsals moreover were this year soarranged that no classes were interfered with, and besides, those mennot actually on the stage had an opportunity for study even while therehearsal was going on. In other words, every effort was made to keepthe show in perspective, as an incidental performance by men whosereal work was in the classroom, not as itself constituting the work of thequarter. What the effect of this policy on the show will be cannot beforeseen; but the managers are not apparently greatly worried. A goodshow which was actually a by-product would be almost a triumph. Alarge share of the receipts, it may be noted, is to go to the UniversitySettlement, and a little larger share, it is said, to the Reynolds ClubLibrary.TheBlackfriarsThe Dramatic Club on March 7 gave a performance of The YoungerGeneration, a comedy by Stanley Houghton, author of Hindle W akes,The cast of eleven, professionally coached, handled the play admirably.Indeed, they gave it better than it deserved to be given;E�b Dramatic for in itself The Younger Generation is not much of a play.A good deal of favorable newspaper comment in Chicagois offered upon the Hull-HousePlayers, as it should be. The University144 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEDramatic Club, however, should not be overlooked. For a long timenow every performance by the Club has been an honest and successfulattempt to do something as nearly worth doing as can be secured. Thebest actors in college gravitate naturally to the Club+-which was notalways true-and their work is on a pretty high level of effectiveness.Two things are still true: first, the plays are all imported, not writtenfor the Club, and second, there are few minor organizations (of whichthere are so many, for example, at Harvard) to act as feeders to theDramatic Club, and to give, casually and for the fun of it only, casualbits. But neither of these deficiencies can be laid at the door of theDramatic Club, which has certainly proved its value.On the inner cover will be found a change in the personnel of thosewho conduct the Magazine. Mr. Linn and Mr. Fiske remain; but theother members of the editorial committee have with-ThePublications drawn and in their places appears the Publications Com-Committee mittee, which will have indirect charge of all AlumniAssociation publications, The members of this committee are not tobe held responsible for the Magazine)' but they are for the editors.CHICAGO ALUMNI CLUB tThe regular spring dinner of the Clubwill be merged with the Alumni Associa­tion Dinner on Sa turda y , June 6. Allthe usual stunts will be pulled off at thistime; also others unusual. Come one,come all; but to this dinner you can't rbring your wife.ATHLETICS: A RESUME AND AFORECASTThis has been a lively and on the wholevery successful year in athletic sports atthe University, and promises to continuelively and successful through the spring.The football championship is of courseancient history. In the winter the majorsports were basket-ball and track, theminor gymnastics, (including wrestlingand fencing) and swimming. Excellentresults followed competition in all.In basket-ball Chicago ran second,Wisconsin, as last year, carrying off thechampionship. Chicago lost both gamesto Wisconsin, one to Ohio State, and oneto Purdue; Minnesota and Indiana werenot played; all the other games werevictories. The team had a great deal ofindividual ability, but failed to workneatly together. The long-pass systemwas employed throughout the season.Short passing and dribbling were' bothconspicuous' by their absence, or' at allevents by' the weakness of their execution.At times the long passes would be bril­liant, as in the Ohio State game' in Bartlett,when the visitors' strong team was madeto look like children; shot after shothalf the length of the field would findDes Jardiens or Goettler on the spotunder the basket, free. and ready to slipthe ball in. At other times, as in the firstWisconsin game, the men seemed all atsea ; they were not so closely guarded asbewildered. In the second half theydrew together, but it was. too late.Norgren was perhaps the most efficientplayer on the squad, though Des Jardiensand Baumgardner ran him very close, andGoettler and Molander were of almostequal value. At the close of the seasonC's were awarded to Norgren, Des Jar­diens, Baumgardner, Molander, Steven­son, Goettler, Shull, and George. C. O.Molander was elected captain for thepast season.Tn place of Vruwink who hadleft college. For next season JoshuaStevenson was chosen captain. Steven­son prepared at Englewood, and has.played right forward for two years. Heis small but very fast. He is a memberof Phi Gamma Delta. This year Nor- gren, Goettler, and Captain Molanderare graduated, leaving a nucleus of sixgood men, besides Schaefer, Townley,and Templeton from the Freshmen, andBerger who played last year at the Uni­versity of Wisconsin.The track team did better work thanfor at least two years previously. Purdueand Northwestern were beaten in dualmeets, Northwestern evening up, how­ever, by defeating Chicago at Evanston.The Illinois meet had to be given up onaccount of the scarlet-fever outbreak atChampaign. In the Conference, held atEvanston, March 2 I, Chicago finishedthird, the scores of the first four beingIllinois 36, Wisconsin 261, Chicago 20!,and Northwestern 14!. Illinois placedin every event. For Chicago Barancikwas second in the dash and Ward fourth;Ward was first in the hurdles, Boyd thirdin the quarter, Campbell second in themile, Stout fourth in the a-mile, Thomasthird in the pole vault, and Gorgas secondin the high jump. The individual im­provement of the various men is, however,the encouraging thing. Barancik is run­ning better and better; there was muchdispute even over the 56-yard dash deci­sion at the Conference, which went' toMurray of Illinois, and at both the out­door distances Barancik should win with­out trouble. Ward will have practicallyno competition in the Conference in thehigh hurdles; the low are another matter.Boyd should run the quarter in 50seconds, Campbell and Stegeman thehalf under 2 minutes, Stout and Goodwinthe mile and two-mile around 4:30 and10 minutes respectively. Besides theseare Knight in the dashes, -who is almostand at times quite Barancik's equal,Leisure in the half who will equal 2.02at least, and others. In the field eventsreliance is now placed on Gorgas in thehigh jump. Gorgas has become the besthigh jumper ever in the University (whichhas indeed been singularly weak in thisbranch of competition). In the Confer-ence meet Gorgas cleared 6 feet-3 incheshigher than he could do last year. 'Boyd145THE UNIVERSITY OF CllICAGO MAGAZINEwill work at the broad jump; he is some­thing of an unknown quantity, but issaid to have done oyer 22 feet. Thomasis doing 12 feet regularly in the polevault, and Des J ardiens and Windrowover 120 feet in the discus. In the shotand the hammer Chicago is likely to beweak.The baseball squad is the largest forsome years. The old men include Cap­tain Mann, catcher, and Baumgardner,pitcher, Norgren, first base, Des Jc,tr­diens, third base, and Gray, Stains,Harger, Bohnen, and Libonati in theoutfield. It is probable that Bohnen willbe given a thorough try-out at third base,and Harger will be used as substitutecatcher. Of the new additions to thesquad, McConnell, Cole, Shull, andStephenson are probably the most valu­able. McConnell, who will undoubtedlyplay short-stop, is a fine fielder and afair hitter. Cole has been played atsecond base. He is a Wendell Phillipsproduct. In high school he caught, andin his Senior year was as good a man asany city high school could show. Lastyear he was ineligible. He has beentransferred to second base because of theapparent weakness of the other candi­dates for that position. He is slight andvery quick,- covers a great deal of ground,and hits above the average. Shull aridStephenson are both pitchers. Shull wasin the Freshman squad last year, andStephenson is a Senior who in the inter­fraternity series of last spring showed un­usually well. Des Jardiens, who is alsoto be used as a pitcher, has great speedand good control. He has had littlepractice at the position but his heightgives him a great advantage.Throughout the early spring CoachPage pursued the policy, as last year, ofplaying games with teams from the vari­ous business organizations around Chi­cago, such as the Western Electric, ButlerBrothers, Commonwealth-Edison, andso on, practically every day, with somestrong semi-professional team on Satur­days. Most of these games resulted in 'victories for the University. Six defeatswere sustained, however, one at thehands of the alumni, who, with CoachPage pitching, defeated the 'varsity onApril 17,9-4. .The outlook for the season would notseem very brilliant if one were to judge by the playing of the men in these games,for in fielding they are awkward, and inhitting decidedly weak; but when theteam is compared man to man withthe one of last year that won the cham­pionship, it is apparently stronger, andprobably when it is settled into its stride,by . the time this Magazine appears, itwill be giving an excellent account ofitself. Baumgardner, who pitched sobrilliantly throughout the season lastspring, had the misfortune to break asmall bone in his ankle on April 15, andr will be out for four weeks in consequence.None of the other pitchers are in his classand the accident threw a profound gloomover the beginning of the season, but forthe most important games, those withIllinois, which still remain to be played,he will be in good condition again.The spring schedule for both track andbaseball follows:Saturday, April 18, Track-Drake Relayraces at Des Moines.Saturday, April 25, Baseball-Indiana atChicago/Saturday, April 2$, Track-PennsylvaniaRelay at Philadelphia.Tuesday, April 28, Baseball-Minnesota atChicago.Friday, May I, Baseball-Iowa at IowaCity.Saturday, May 2, Baseball-Minnesota atMinneapolis.Wednesday, May 6, Baseball-Ohio at Chi­cago.Friday, May 8, Baseball-Keio Universityat Chicago.Saturday, May 9, Baseball-Keio Univer­sity at Chicago.Saturday, May 9, Track-Northwestern atChicago.Tuesday, May 12, Baseball-Northwest­ern at Evanston.Friday, May IS, Track and Baseball­Illinois at Champaign.Saturday, May 16, Baseball-Wisconsin atChicago "Tuesday, MaS 19, Baseball-Wisconsin atMadison.Saturday, May 23, Track and Baseball­Purdue at Chicago.Tuesday, May 26, Baseball-Purdue atLaFayette.Friday, May 29, Baseball-Illinois atChicago.Saturday, June 6, Track +Western Confer­ence Meet at Chicago.Friday, June 12, Inter-Class Track and'Varsity-Alumni Baseball.Saturday, June 13, Thirteenth Annual In­terscholastic Meet.THE UNIVERSITY TODA yIBy JAMES ROWLAND ANGELLProfessor and Head of the Department of PsychologyWith the adoption 'of the curriculumunder which we are now living there isa very real distinction made betweenelementary and more advanced work,but in practice the dividing line fallsshortly after the close of the Freshmanyear.To put a boy under a dean for one yearonly, and then transfer him to anotherdean, seemed on the whole to present noadministrative justification. Moreover,under the present curriculum the mostessential part of the requirement isprobably found in the so-called sequences,or groups of advanced and relatedcourses, which a student must pursue.As this sequential work is commonlyentered upon some time during the secondyear, the wisdom of providing that thedean who supervises the student's choiceof . his sequence shall also supervise thefulfilling of it is obvious. The furthervalue in the continuity of administrationwhich comes from delegating to one deanthe control over a student's entire coursehardly needs emphasis. The disadvan­tages of the old plan were alwaysrecognized, but its merits were supposedto outweigh these, as has been indicated,chiefly because of the theoretical differ­ences in kind between Junior and SeniorCollege courses.By permission of the President we havehad one year of very encouraging experi­ment with the new · scheme and in duetime it will probably be given somewhatmore formal official recognition.Entrance requirements and curricula.­I invite you to turn· now for a littlewhile to some considerations of our morestrictly educational ideals and aims.It is a common source of jest on thecampus that whenever the Faculty has afew leisure moments it sits down andinvents a new set of entrance require­ments and appropriate curricula to gowith them. The two things are almostinevitably conjoined, for the obvious reason that the educational process ismore or less of a continuum and whatyou can properly require or secure atany given stage in it depends upon whathas already been accomplished and uponwhat is to come after.Now in point of fact, while it is for­tunately true that the Faculty is alwaystinkering with our curriculum in theeffort to better its results and to minimizesuch of its defects as experience reveals,we have in our academic history hadonly three really distinct curricular pro­grams. This means that we have engi­neered major alterations of this varietyonly twice since the foundation of theU ni versity. With educational changesgoing forward all about us as rapidly asthey have during the past twenty years,our record may be regarded as on thewhole quite conservative. Certainly itlends no support to the butterfly theoryof our educational temperament.Curricula and entrance requirementsmay be drawn in terms of subject-matteror in terms of students. Our earliercurricula' were largely. dominated by ourconceptions of the subjects which seemedto us of permanent value. Our presentcurriculum is drawn with a view to allow­ing the student to do those things whichhe and his guardians judge to be best.Our requirement is substantially con­fined to the demand that whatever hedo; he shall carry it out in a thoroughlyfirst-class way and that it shall involvepersistent adherence to two or threesubjects at least for several consecutiveyears. Intensive continuity and highquality are the watchwords here.The old system of admission.�At theoutset in I892 we required for entranceonly thirteen units of high-school workwhere now we require fifteen. By thisstatement we are instantly plunged intothe wilderness of pedagogical terminol­ogy. What is a unit and how may one. recognize it when encountered? A unitI Continued from the March number of the University Magazine.I47THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEis the amount of credit received by astudent who carries successfully a givensubject through exercises held once aday during the school year. Our require­ments accordingly obliged a student tosecure every year of the four normallypassed in a high school, three and afourth of these units. Although in ourprinted statements we did not dwellparticularly upon this fact, a student wasin practice allowed to enter with moreor less of conditioned work, so that for anumber of years we received a good manyFreshmen with appreciably less thanthirteen actual units. This was thecommon usage throughout the countryat that time and is still in vogue in thelarger number of collegiate institutions.Today we permit no conditions whatever.In this earliest set of our entrance re­quirements we specified with great detail,after the manner then customary, exactlywhat we wished students to do in theirhigh-school courses. Those were thehalcyon days when we all knew whathigh-school students ought to have andwhy. Latin and mathematics and Englishand history and physics and either Frenchor German, we thought indispensablefor the successful pursuit of collegework, and we indicated in each instanceprecisely the amount needed for our busi­ness. We had generally taken care soto arrange this business that a studentpresenting himself without the specialpreparation we stipulated was in a for­lorn state indeed. We thought that agreat deal of Latin was wholesome andthat a much less amount of English andphysics and modern language would do.The new system.-Today this finecertainty of the earlier period is gone.We seem to have fallen on times of doubtand hesitation. But this is appearance,not reality, as will presently be madeplain. We do not feel convinced today­at least this is true of us as a Faculty,however our individual opinions maystand-that Latin is really indispensablefor every college student, In 1893 andfor many years thereafter we thoughtthat two years of Latin were absolutelyessential and that unless a student wereexpecting to specialize in science, hewould find anything less than four yearsof it fatal to his intellectual progress.One year of English was demanded of all.Now we have wholly dropped our Latinrequirement and raised our demands inEnglish to three years. There is no doubt a certain element of unconsciouscompensation in this arrangement, forunquestionably the student studyingLatin obtained a considerable drill incertain features of English. N everthe­less, there are not wanting signs thatEnglish will go the way of all other sub­sidized subjects. Practically all highschools have come to demand three orfour years of English as a condition ofgraduation. That the students gainfrom the work anything at all commen­surate in value with the time and energyexpended is seriously to be questioned,and if the practice cannot be justifiedby its fruits, it will certainly be aban­doned. It is fair to say that teachers ofEnglish are among the most active skep­tics as to the wisdom of the presentrequirements.This English requirement is now theonly specific one remaining on our listfor high-school students and it may betaken as somewhat perfunctory at best,inasmuch as we are merely asking whatpractically every school itself demands.Otherwise our requirements are couchedalmost exclusively in terms of quantityand quality of work, not in terms ofsubject-matter. We want at least threesolid years of some one SUbject-we donot particularly care what-and at leasttwo years of another in addition to thethree years of English. We think itinjudicious for a student to considertaking up collegiate work with us ifmore than a third of his school work hasbeen in subjects outside the conventionalacademic range, such .as languages,mathematics, science, and history. It isnot that we care to challenge the fitnessof other types of work, like the appliedarts and sciences, to give preparation forstudies of collegiate grade, but simplythat' our own departments do not atpresent afford opportunity to build sat­isfactorily on foundations too remotefrom these older topics.Not only do we today demand forentrance more in quantity than we did in1892, and not only do we debar all con­sideration of conditioned work, we alsoexact a decidedly higher average quality.Until two years ago a student who couldjust scrape through his preparatorycourses might enter the University.Now he must attain a rank decidedlyhigher than that required for graduationfrom the high school in order to matricu­late with us. For instance, a boy mustTHE UNIVERSITY TODAYaverage 80 or better in the school whichuses 75 as a passing- mark. •Result of new system.-Despite thesefacts, we sometimes hear lamentationsthat we have let down our standards andmade it unduly easy for students to cometo us as compared to' our former status.In one very fortunate sense this is true.We have made it possible for studentsto come from standard high schools allthrough. the Middle West without dis­torting their work to meet the idiosyn­cracies of opinion of a special group ofmen and women at a given moment con­stituting our faculties. We have madeit feasible for them to come even though·they may not have had this intentionuntil late in their school course. Underour old plans a student who did not guidehis entire school program with referenceto our demands was likely to be' introuble, if subsequently he decided toenter with us., We have put ourselvesin the van of the best educational judg­ment of our day in refusing to attemptthe formulation of an elaborate hierarchyof educational values in terms of subject­matter. We are not willing longer tosay that any set amount of Latin orhistory or mathematics must be masteredbefore profitable collegiate work can beentered upon. At least this is true withthe exception of English, which I suspectwe shall presently turn over wholly tothe judgment of the schools even as wehave other subjects.Best of all perhaps we have secured forourselves the only rational relation to thehigh schools. These schools are scat­tered abroad over the land amid the mostdi verse social and intellectual conditions.They are subjected to the most divergentdemands by the communities which theyserve vand it is incumbent upon us torecognize in every reasonable way theiressential autonomy and their need ofthe utmost flexibility in the arrangement'of their curricula.' Our major concernis with the quality of the work whichthey do, and if in this regard we :findthem satisfactory after inspection, andparticularly after testing their graduatesin our classes, we may well grant themexactly the kind of latitude We now doin determining what any individual boyor girl may best study while in school.By our present plan we wholly escape anycharge of attempting to coerce the schoolsand we gain sympathetic co-operation ina dozen ways previously impossible. 1.49The certificate plan-why adopted.­Few changes in our arrangements haveoccasioned more elevation in the facultypulse arid temperature than our intro­duction of the so-called certificate planof entrance which we announced in I897.The original University F acul ty waslargely tinctured with the ideals of theNew England colleges. Entrance exami­nations were regarded as the only repu­table and orthodox system of gainingadmission to college. The certificate sys­tem, introduced in the University ofMichigan a score and more of years be­fore, on the principle of the Prussianabiturienten examinations, and by I890in common operation all over-the West,was regarded as a mischievous and debas­ing institution.Our Faculty made a brave fight for itsconvictions; but it is a hard task to facesingle handed a united enemy With sucha power as was the established certifica­tion system. Accordingly with suchgrace as we could command we adopteda sort of denaturized form of the systemwhich in theory allowed us to pass onthe work of each department in a school,rather than upon the school as a whole.This meant that theoretically we mightaccept credentials in Latin and mathe­matics from a school, while holding acandidate to examination in German.Practically this refinement on the generalcertification system did not produce anyvery marked effect as applied by usindependently of the neighboring uni­versities, although .the moral pressureexercised on school principals to dismissthe incompetent teacher and secure com­petent substitutes was in some instancesvaluable. Today we commonly dealwith schools as a unit, although we callthe attention of the authorities sharplyand promptly to any weak spots in theirteaching or equipment of w.hich we be­come cognizant. Schools whose gradu­ates failto carry our work satisfactorilysacrifice the privilege of entering theirstudents without examination.Up to I897, then, we occupied in thismatter the' position of a' conservativecritic of I the prevalent procedure in ourpart of the world. Since that time we,have become a progressive leader.march­ing at the head instead of at the rearof our neighbors. Many an admirableVictorian still laments the good old daysof entrance examinations, despite theabundant evidence of their unsatisfactoryTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEoperation and their generally unwhole­some influence on secondary work. Evenour conservative friends in the vicinityof Massachusetts Bay and Long IslandSound, yes, even those bordering on themosquito preserves of Jersey, have begunto see a great light, have begun to lookto the schools to share with them theresponsibility of determining whetheror no a boy is fit for college. Columbiaand the University of Pennsylvania havehad such systems in force for some time.The early curriculum.-The collegecurriculum which accompanied theseearly entrance requirements hardly needsdetailed descr+ition, having been cut offthe same educational fabric. The workof the first two college years-the JuniorColleges-was specified in great detailand practically excluded all freedom ofelection. In the Senior Colleges, on theother hand, election was substantiallyunhampered, save that the special degreesought determined to some extent thedepartments within which the electionmight occur. Candidates for the degreeof A.B. were compelled to elect in partsomewhat differently from candidatesfor the S.B. or the Ph.B. The theorywas that in the first two years, by fol­lowing carefully prescribed courses, thestudent laid a foundation upon whichuniversity work as contrasted with col­lege work might then be built. This wasin general the practice of most collegesand universities of our kind at the timeunder consideration. But in our inten­tions at least we magnified more thanwas customary elsewhere the distinctionbetween collegiate and university studies.This was one of President Harper's cher­ished ideals, the essence of which we arestill developing, although the preciseform which he had most often in mindseems unlikely to endure.The present curriculum.-Our presentcurriculum contrasts with this early onein a .number of ways. In the first placethere is very little rigid specification ofdefinite courses at any point. TheShibboleth of English is still with us, andwork, much of which might surely bereasonably expected of instructors inevery academical subject, gets itselfunloaded upon a special department.Why slovenly English, whether spokenor written, should be condoned in a class­room in physics or mathematics or Frenchand be checked and corrected only in aclass devoted to English composition or to public speaking, I have never been ableto understand. However, so it is. ButI .am utterly skeptical that our studentsWIll ever learn to speak or to write theirmother-tongue with maximum effecti ve­ness, until every instructor in the aca­demical faculty bears his own share and�ears it. aggr�ssively and intellig�ntly,m teachmg hIS students the rudimentsof this art.But to return-apart from English-­we do not demand that any specifictopic be pursued, provided the schoolcourse has been skilfully guided. Some­time before the end of the second college, year, however, we require, as an earnestthat the later college work will be con­ducted to the best advantage, that a fairacquaintance be gained with each of thegreat groups of intellectual interestsrepresented first by the philosophical andhistorical sciences, second by the modernlanguages, third by mathematics, andfourth by natural science. We alsowish Freshmen to pursue throughoutthe first year, as a means of conjoiningtheir college and school work, some sub­ject which they have studied extensivelyin school and preferably perhaps some­thing upon which they were engaged intheir final year in school.With this preliminary training, thena student may choose within what tw�fields he will carry out the specializationwhich we next demand of him. He mustgive the equivalent of his entire time forone year to a group of courses so selectedas to represent the progressive masteryof some given topic or closely relatedgroups of topics, and two-thirds ofanother year must be given to the similarcultivation of a second group.The evident intention of these require­ments is, on the one hand, to give usassurance that no student who receivesour degree shall be wholly ignorant ofany of the great subdivisions of knowl­edge, and on the other hand to affordevery student opportunity to make him­self measurably proficient in some oneor two fields of work. This sort of idealhas been put more epigrammatically thantruthfully in saying that we want thestudent " to know something abouteverything and everything about some­thing." This intensive training we be­lieve is not only intrinsically valuablein the opportunity which it offers to laysolid foundations for subsequent scholarlywork, whether of a scientific or profes-THE UNIVERSITY TODAYsional kind, but also in the broad intel­lectual consequences which flow fromlearning to master a wide range of relatedmaterial. This principle is at all eventssound. Whether we can maintain it insuccessful operation remains to be seen.The difficulties which it presents varygreatly from subject" to subject. It isvastly easier to make it work in a subjectlike mathematics than in one like Eng­lish literature. We believe, however,that a careful study of the problem willenable us to solve it.T he grade-point system.-An extremelyimportant adjuvant of our curriculumwhich connects itself with our demandfor high quality of work as an essentialfor entrance, is our "grade-point sys­tem," under which 0 quality as well asquantity of credit is made a condition forgraduation.Until 1908 any student who passed acourse received credit for it and so faras. concerned the mere fact of graduationa course passed with a mark of D wasjust as valuable as one passed with A.Under the operation of the system men­tioned a student must do appreciablymore than pass his courses, he must passthem with something to spare; otherwisehe may find that although he is exon­erated from repeating a course which liehas passed, the grade attained is of suchcharacter as to' put him farther fromgraduation than he was when he enteredit. This is "a fine instance-if the refer­ence be not satrilegious-of the Scrip­tural process of taking from him whohath not, even that which he hath.. Thepractical result of this system has beento stimulate enormously the averageachievement of the average student. Wehave yet to devise any plan, or create anygeneral atmosphere, which will securesomething approaching the maximum ofintellectual effort from our students+«anything comparable with the standardsrepresented by our athletes in theirgames. Nevertheless, we have madesubstantial progress and we may evenyet achieve this eminently worthy goal.Possibly we may decide to .emulate ourBritish cousins and establish the distinc­tion' between pass degrees and honordegrees." Some American colleges areconsidering this project.In the process of stimulating ourstudents to higher levels of accomplish­ment we have necessarily faced the grossinequalities in the demands made by different instructors for a niajor of credit.Not only do standards of marking varyfrom individual to. individual in whollyirrational and indefensible ways, theactual amount and character of workdemanded is notoriously variable. Themore vexatious cases we have sometimesbeen able to handle, but we have neveryet set ourselves seriously to the estab­lishment of a thoroughgoing programdesigned to check these evils. Theseare tasks to which we must shortly turnour hands.The intention of our new ideals.---'-Theideals of the requirements for entranceand graduation in 1892-93 have nowbeen contrasted with those of 1914 andI have tried to make clear how we havegrown away from our old-time confidencein the indispensable value of certainsubjects in the school and college curricu­lum toward a wider and more catholicview of the intrinsic worth of the variousdivisions of our intellectual life; now wehave come to lay more emphasis upon highquality of achievement and upon con­tinuity in such achievement, than uponthe specific subject-matter mastered. Inall this we have been contributingour share to a movement which iscountry-wide'" in its scope. "But we mayjustly claim for ourselves whatever satis­faction belongs to leadership, for duringthe last half -dozen years-covering theperiod of the administration of President. Judson-we have led in a series of pro­gressi ve measures which are destined,so far as one can judge, to leave theirpermanent impress upon educationalprocedure' in this country. There neverwas a moment, from the time whenPresident Harper first announced theplans for the organization of the Univer­sity, that we have not enjoyed leadershipin one direction or another. The four­quarter system, the University Pressand the scientific journals, the Universityextension, correspondence study, gradu­ate and research work as the dominatingmotive in the life of the institution',athletics as a part of the regular work ofthe college-these and a dozen otheritems might be mentioned as instancesof the pioneer character of much of ourpolicy. But in platters concerning thestrictly collegiate aspects of education andespecially on its personal and intellectualsides, as distinguished from its adminis­trative features, the last five or six yearsare peculiarly significant.THE UNIVERSITY' OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEBut we did not pass from the idealsof 1892 to those of 1914 at a single leap.The growth has been slow and we havehad one complete set of requirementsfor entrance and graduation which "con­stitute the evidence of the transition fromone period to the other. These werr :.>ro­mulgated in 1906. It is unnecessary atthis time to enter into their details.Suffice it to say that they involved avery considerable relaxation of the inflex­ibility peculiar to the program of 1892-93. They raised the entrance require­ment to 15 units, where it now stands,and they began the assault upon Latinwhich had already been carried muchfarther among our neighbors. N ever­theless, they retained a considerableamoun t of specific demand couched interms of subject-matter. Mathematics,and English, and language other thanEnglish were all required in amountsvarying from two to four units. A veryconsiderable body of requirement wasmade contingent, so that if not absolvedin school, it might be discharged in col­lege. Evidently our faculty was stillthinking largely in terms of subject­matter, although it represented a muchwider conception of the relative valuesof the different topics offered by schoolsand colleges than was the case in1892.Higher forms of vocational education.­Under our present curriculum we havefrankly recognized the professional aswell as the liberal motive in our collegiatework. Indeed, before its adoption wehad for years permitted students tospend the final year of academic work inprofessional study. We had permittedtwo years even of such work in the caseof the pre-medical sciences. Now byvirtue of our demand that each studentspecialize to a certain exten t in hisadvanced work, we render it natural andeasy for him to make the later yearsof the undergraduate course contributedirectly to his subsequent interests. Ifhe plans a business career, or one insocial and philanthropic enterprise, theCollege of Commerce and Administrationwith its new, intelligent, and aggressiveprogram offers him abundant oppor­tunities to find in his college course workspecifically valuable as training for suchoccupations. If he contemplates a scien­tific career, or one dedicated to scholar­ship of any variety, he may economizetime and expedite the attainment of 'his goal by turning his undergraduatespecialization into appropriate channels.Particularly do we hope that before thechapter has closed we may find it possibleto put our young women in the way ofexpert training for many vocations otherthan teaching which hitherto has beenprofessionally and economically themainstay of their sex.The professional schools.-In manyinstitutions the professional schools aresources of large additions to the studentpopulation, but of very equivocal valueto the tone of the intellectual atmosphere..Entrance requirements have often beenlow and the work demanded has beenlax and slovenly. In the better univer­sities, on the contrary, the severity of thestandards of these schools has often beencontrasted with those set up in the aca­demic departments to the serious dis ...advantage of the latter. Students speakwith complacency of their purpose toloaf through the college course with thepurpose of reforming and beginning seri­ous labor when they enter upon profes­sional work.The conduct of our own professionalschools may well be a source of satis­faction to us. The rigorous standardsdemanded of our students in medicineand law, for example, are everywhererecognized and, indeed, this very rigorhas no doubt contributed to retard thegrowth of the student body, because ofthe competition with the numerous in­stitutions in our part of the world whoserequirements are lower. But the recordof our graduates for these divisions ofthe University is most reassuring, andwe need feel no concern regarding thenumbers so long as we succeed in main­taining the present high quality of theproduct. Few medical schools are ableto offer their men preparatory scientificwork 'of the quality enjoyed by ourstudents, and few law schools subjecttheir men to so drastic a training inindependence of thinking as does ourown, few judge them so ruthlessly by theobjective results attained. The intelli­gence and vigor with which both of theseschools have been conducted and thethoroughly scientific training which theyconfer upon their graduates deserve themost unreserved recognition from everymember of the University community.It should be added that both haveenjoyed a material increase of studentsduring the current year.THE UNIVERSITY TODAYThe Di vinity School has faced apeculiarly perplexing problem, partlybecause of the relative decrease of first­class men who look to the ministry fortheir life-work and partly because of thechanging social conditions which thechurch must face. Not a few men whoa generation ago would have naturallyzravitated to this profession are now�ttracted to other callings. Medicine,scholarly research and teaching, socialand philanthropic work all make theirappeal today to the moral and intellectualinterests which a few years ago wouldlargely have found their outlet in thechurch. To maintain high standardsunder these conditions has requiredinsight and faith and courage. But theauthorities of our school have had thesequalities and they have also been' quickto see and feel the shifting character ofthe training required by the ministry.In the attempt to forestall this changethe school has been a pioneer, and to bea pioneer in matters theological is alwaysfraught with some danger. A few cen­turies ago the danger presented itselfin the form of bonfires to which theheretic unwillingly contributed his share.Today the fires are those of religious andhierarchical ostracism and obloquy. Butthey are for all that no less real and hardlyless formidable for the directors of aschool. As an exponent of the view thatreligion is of the essence of daily life andthat the religious teacher must know thatlife thoroughly in its contemporary formand enter into it with commanding leader­ship, our Divinity School enjoys a con­spicuous place.It has also stood unflinchingly forscientific and historical methods in deal­ing with religion. It has been a leaderin organizing methods of religious edu­cation and especially in the reform of theSunday school. It has made' peculiarlyits own the problem of applying theprinciples of Christianity to the socialand economic conditions of the contem­porary world. Nowhere has this angleof its work been perhaps more clearlymarked than in its interpretation of thereal meaning of missionary endeavor,which is no longer primarily a matter ofexporting a particular creed to foreignpeoples, but rather a program of incul­cating a certain attitude toward life,certain ideals of social and personal obli­gation. Finally the school has success­fully fought the fight for complete liberty 153of opinion both in its faculty and amongits students. These things are notknown to all of us and they deservemore than this inadequate description.The College of Education.-The Collegeof Education occupies a position slightlydifferent from the other professionalschools in that it confers the Bachelor'sdegree upon students who spend fourundergraduate years in its courses. Itis thus parallel with the College of Arts,Literature, and Science. Our J.D. degreeis conferred by the Law School for worktwo years of which must be subsequentto the receiving of the Bachelor's degree.The degree in medicine conferred byRush Medical College makes a similardemand. The Department of Educa­tion in the Graduate Schools of Artsand Literature confers the A.M. andPh.D. degrees like other graduate de­partments. But obviously the work ofthe college as a whole differentiates itselfin some important respects from theother professional work. This is pecul­iarly obvious when one takes accountof the laboratory schools under the super­vision of this division.It is a common experience that inpractically every university into whichwork in education is introduced the firstreaction of the academical faculty isone approaching contempt, presentlyshifting to explosive animosity and onlyslowly evolving into toleration and some­thing simulating respect. It is difficultto convince the old-fashioned teacher ofGreek that a student needs anything ex­cept a thorough knowledge of his subjectin order to become a successful instructorwhether in school or college. He there­fore resents the intrusion of a departmentwhich he regards as unnecessary and shal­low and pretentious and ignorant. Thereare other adjectives often employed, butat the moment I forget them.I cannot truthfully say that I thinkthe history of events on our own campushas been absolutely at variance with theone I have described. But I certainlycan say that hy its sheer achievementsour school' has gradually enlarged theboundaries of tolerance for its work toinclude substantially all our forces, whilethe range of admiration and respect forit grows proportionately to the actualknowledge of what is being done withinits walls and of the spirit in which it isbeing accomplished. If there is anydepartment on our grounds which is154 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEfacing its problems in a more aggressivelyscientific spirit, accepting objective re­sults and only objective results as decisiveupon educational issues, if there is anydepartment more willing to be criticized,advised, inspected, and compared, any­where students are being administra­tively more efficiently supervised, I donot know where to find it. That itswork' is in any way perfect or beyondcriticism, no one would suggest, leastof all its immediate directors. But thatit has won for itself by its intrinsic merita right to the unqualified respect of usall, that it has already established itselfas a center from which experimentaleducational material of an authoritativekind issues in large amounts, that manyof the men and women who are to controlthe educational destinies of our schoolsystem in the next generation havealready been prepared here, and thathundreds of others are to get their train­ing here under our auspices, all thesethings in my judgment brook no seriousdispute.University College and the Correspond­ence-Study Department.- While many ofus have toiled for years and many arestill toiling in University College, thereare probably not a few members of myaudience, some of them upon the stage,who ha ve the most remote impressionsconcerning it. Yet this division of theUniversity has during the last few yearsgrown by leaps and bounds. Last year941 students were registered in its courses,an increase of 65 per cent in three years.One hardly needs any other demonstra­tion of the fact that these courses, givenmost of them down town and all of themat hours available to teachers in the pub­lic schools, are fulfilling a very real needand meeting a rapidly growing demand inour community.University Extension in its original"lecture study" form we ha ve nowburied. We no longer ha ve a staff ofspecial lecturers for this work and. thatwhich is done is carried on by membersof our own staff in the interstices of theirleisure.That the plan accomplished in itsearly years much which was worthwhile no one can doubt, but that theneed has now been cared for by otheragencies better fitted than we to renderthe service required is equally not opento question. It demanded courage andconfidence in the ultimate justification of our decision to turn back from a fieldwhich we had occupied with pronounce­ments that were perhaps somewhatincautious. But the chapter is closedand we may well write under it requiescatin pace.The correspondence-study form ofextension work has on the other handgone on from one stage of expansion toanother. I t is still in disrepute in certaininstitutions and our espousal of it hascost us prestige in some quarters. Therecan be no doubt that it has its limita­tions. On the other hand, no one whohas come into close contact with it andwith its results can at all doubt that incertain subjects work of strictly collegiatecharacter may be done even more effect­ively than it is commonly-done on ourgrounds: I t is to be remembered thatthe persons who are willing to undertakethe burden of carrying such work alone,and who are willing to pay for it, arecommonly individuals of thoroughlyserious purpose. Under the procedureadopted by our instructors the generalimpression is that in the best-organizedcourses a student is likely to be requiredto spend anywhere from two to threetimes as many hours in order to securea major of credit as would be necessarywhen the same course is pursued in ourregular classes. .I t is no uncommon experience to findthat students trained in this way inelementary work carry our advancedwork with better success, when laterthey enter such classes, than studentswho do the elementary work here.What our future policy may be in thisregard it would be hazardous to predict,but it is only the commonest fairness tosay that whereas the limits of successfulwork of this type are definite and real,although they cannot be predicted inadvance of experience, its merits arewithin these limits solid and unequivocal.The Press.-The Press has enjoyed aninteresting career. It has perhaps beenmore praised and more berated than anyother one of the major features of ourorganization. Prior to the foundationof the University of Chicago no Americanuniversity had ever attempted on such ascale to become its own publishing agent.The recognition which instantly cameto us in" our graduate work was in nosmall degree due to the prestige createdby our scientific journals published bythe Press. Presently the Press becameTHE UNIVERSITY TODAYa sort of general financial agent throughwhich the departments conducted muchof their business of purchasing. Thisinstantly occasioned friction with thedepartments, and appreciation of thejournals and of the general publishingenterprises of the Press ga ve place toimpatience and complaint. This rela­tionship fortunately no longer exists.It would require several Convocationaddresses to do any justice to the subjectand I content myself with the singleobservation that without the servicerendered by the Press through the pub­lication of our journals and circulars, tosay nothing of its other multifariousenterprises, the efficiency of the workof the University would be curtailedimmeasurably.The Graduate Schools.-More trulythan is the case of the undergraduatedivision of the University one may saythat the graduate school is as good or asbad as the individual departments. Theundergraduate necessarily works in aconsiderable number of departments andthe deficiencies of one may be more thanoffset by the virtues of another. Butthe graduate student divides his timegenerally between two departments onlyand often spends by far the larger partof it in one. Consequently for such astudent the status of the graduate workof the University depends on the condi­tions in these one or two departments.Judged externally the spirit of theGraduate Schools has changed far lesssince the establishment of the Universitythan has that of the undergraduate divi­sion. Research and the training of menin research, with perhaps an increasingsense of the importance of training mento teach, are in £9I4 -still the guidingconceptions as they were in I892. Wehave from time to time altered the re­quirements for our degrees, althoughsuch alterations have never, I believe,resulted in the slightest relaxation of thehigh standard originally fixed. Cer­tainly the temper of the graduate facultyhas uniformly been hostile to any suchrelaxation. We have tended perhapsto increase the number of technical re­quirements with which candidates forthe higher degrees, and especially thedoctorate, must comply, But whilethese changes may seem to suggest anexchange of the form for the substanceof high achievement, tested solely on itsintrinsic merits, they ha ve all been 155dictated by the desire to safeguard our­selves from the assaults of predatorydegree-hunters with whom the landabounds.Our departments vary widely in theextent to which they have studied theproblem set by their graduate students.It would be invidious, possibly evendangerous, in this presence to makeexplicit comparisons. But whereas cer­tain departments systematically andregularly turn out symmetrically trainedmen who know not only their own fields,but much of those most nearly related,there are others whose supervision isnotably less detailed and effective. Per­haps the divergent character of theproblem in different departments rendersimpracticable the kind of co-operativestudy of the case which the Faculty of theColleges has given to the undergraduatecurriculum. But the recent successfulendeavor in the group of departmentsdevoted to the social sciences to secure aco-operative plan of work suggests thepossibility of similar profitable co-opera­tive enterprises in other groups of relateddepartments. Some departments seemquite oblivious to the arbitrary characterof the lines which separate them fromtheir neighbors and in consequence areunwilling to permit their students tostep outside the narrow boundaries of thedepartment itself, although from everyeducational point of view such excursionsmay be highly judicious. One is dis­posed to question whether in these mat­ters the autonomy of the departmentshas not been unduly humored, andcertainly whether we might not profitablysubmit certain of the problems of thischaracter to more intensive study.Judged by the number of men whogi ve all or most of their time to graduatework, we have only two or three realrivals among American universities.Taken as a whole our laboratory andlibrary facilities for research in scienceare among the best. In certain of thehumanities, on the other hand, wherelarge collections of old books and manu­scripts are essential, we are at some dis­advantage with a few of our older neigh­bors.We have no wholly adequate means ofcomparing the standing of our Facultywith that of other graduate faculties.The results of such rough tests as suggestthemselves are all reassuring. Althoughour graduate attendance has not grownTHE UN1VERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEso rapidly as the undergraduate, it hasgone steadily forward, and only oneAmerican university leads us in thisrespect. Our students come to us fromall over the country in fine disregardof opportunities nearer home. OurDoctors are appointed to positions in theleading institutions of the country incompetition with men trained abroadand in the other Atnerican universities.A fair share of the scientific and literaryprizes fall to our lot-- .... medals, degrees..presidencies of learned societies-allthese forms of recognition we have inprofuse measure. The productivity ofthe members of our staff in research andpublication is also highly creditable. Allthings considered, we may still feel as wealways have, that the Graduate Schoolsare the peculiar glory of the institution,that they represent our unique and un­rivaled contribution to the educationallife of this part of the country, that inthem we see incarnate the purest idealof leadership through service, which hasever been the inner secret of our powerand influence.When one speaks in this strain, in­evitably one seems to contrast theGraduate Schools with the ProfessionalSchools and the Colleges to the disad­vantage of the latter. But this is notthe speaker's purpose. It is simply thatin the Graduate Schools we are able torealize more obviously than elsewhere,with greater freedom from entanglementwith popular tradition, the true spirit of devotion to scholarship and learningand above all the consecration to thediscovery of truth which is the very heartof the University's spiritual life.Conclusion=-As: all that I have said,I have had in mind especially to empha­size what I believe to be the unmistak­able . undeflying trend in this matter-s­a persistent and unflagging endeavor tobetter the conditions of our work andthus to elevate its quality and broaden itsscope. The restlessness of which we aresometimes accused is simply the restless­ness of vital energies informed by highideals. Thank goodness the dry rotof academic self-complacency has neveryet threatened us. We have been everour own severest critics and whether wehave always been wise or not, at least wehave always been alive, have alwaysbeen trying to play our part more intel­ligently and effectively, and we havealways been courageous in putting ourconvictions into practice. We havefought out our differences inside ourown faculty and committee rooms andthen when we have reached a decision,the defeated faction has joined with thevictors and, in the sporting vernacularof the day, "played the game," givingthe new policies, whatever they were,a fair trial. This spirit of aggressiveexperimental idealism shows through,I think, even in such a barren statementof events as I have undertaken and it is.I believe, peculiarly characteristic of theUniversity.THE UNIVERSITY RECORDAnnouncements for the Summer Quar­ter.--Announcements of the courses andfaculty for the Summer Quarter havejust been issued from the UniversityPress. This quarter at the Universityis the most largely attended of the year,more than three thousand, seven hundredstudents having registered in the summerof 1913. The quarter this year beginsJune IS and ends August 28. Studentsmay enter for either term or both. Thecourses during the Summer Quarter arethe same in character, method, and creditvalue as in other quarters of the year.A large proportion of the regularfaculty and also many instructors fromother institutions are announced forcourses this summer. Among otherinstitutions to be represented on thesummer faculty are Harvard University,the University of Manitoba, LelandStanford Junior University, the Univer­sity of Texas, the University of Minne­sota, Smith College, Yale University,and the University of Saskatchewan.During the coming Summer Quartercourses will be offered in a great varietyof fields, including Philosophy, Psy­chology, and Education; Political Econ­omy, Political Science, History, Sociol­ogy and Anthropology, and HouseholdAdministration; Semitics and BiblicalGreek; Comparative Religion; Historyof Art; Sanskrit, Greek, and Latin;Modern Languages; Mathematics, As­tronomy, Physics, and Chemistry; Geol­ogy and Geography; Botany, Zoology,Physiology, Anatomy, Bacteriology; andPublic Speaking. More than one hun­dred courses especially adapted tostudents of education will be given, asthe large a ttendance of teachers hasalways been a striking feature of theSummer Quarter's work.Recent promotions and appointments.­Promotions in the Faculties were recentlyannounced by the University Board ofTrustees and include the following:To professorships: Harlan H. Barrows,Geography; Ernest J. Wilczynski,Mathematics; Francis A. Wood, Ger­manic Philology. To' associate profes­sorships: Percy H. Boyntop, English; Elliot R. Downing, Natural Science(College of Education); Edith F. Flint,English; Albert Johannsen, Petrology;David A. Robertson, English; WalterS. Tower, Geography. To assistant pro­fessorships: Storrs B. Barrett, YerkesObservatory; Albert D. Brokaw, Min­eralogy and Economic Geology; RollinT. Chamberlin, Geology; Hans E.Gronow, German; Carl F. Huth, His­tory; Arno B. Luckhardt, Physiology;Alice Temple, Kindergarten Education(College of Education). To instructor­ships: George W. Sherburn, English;David H. Stevens, English.The new appointments include - thoseof Oliver J. Lee to an instructorship inAstronomy and of Peter G. Mode to thesame position in Church History.President Judson's journey to China.­President Harty Pratt Judson beforeleaving this country for China was enter­tained at a dinner given by the Chineseembassy in Washington, and also was aguest of former Secretary of State JohnW. Foster. President Judson also calledupon the present Secretary of State andmet President Wilson at the WhiteHouse in company with Justice CharlesE. Hughes, of the United States SupremeCourt, who is one of the newly electedtrustees of the University. President andMrs. Judson sailed from New York on the" Imperator" March 2 1, and were accom ..panied by a medical expert, Dr. FrancisW. Peabody, of Boston, and a secretary,Mr. George B, McKibbin, a graduate ofthe University Law School. The partywent by way of Paris, Berlin, and St.Petersburg to Moscow, proceeding thenceby the Trans-Siberian Railway to Pekin,which they expected to reach on April19. President Judson will spend aboutsix months investiga ting medical andhealth conditions in China as a repre­sentative of the Rockefeller Foundation.The following telegram was sent fromChicago to President Judson in New Yorkjust before his sailing:"President Harry Pratt Judson,"Steamship'Imperator.'"Chinese students and other Chineseresidents of Chicago join in wishing youIS7THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEjoyous journey and happy return. Weare much interested in your mission toChina, which may greatly help our nativeland, and are grateful for your workto make the Flowery Republic a landbeautiful to live in.(Signed)"JOHN YIUBONG LEE"C. GEORGE HOH"FRANK LEE."The telegram was sent from a Chinesebanquet at the First Baptist Church ofChicago.According to cablegrams recentlyreceived, President Judson was one ofthe speakers at the American LuncheonClub in Berlin on April I, and on April8 had reached Moscow, where the partyboarded the Trans-Siberian express forthe eleven-day trip to Pekin.T he death of Edith Ethel Barnard.- IDr. Edith Ethel Barnard, of the Depart­ment of Chemistry, died suddenly onMarch 8. The chemical laboratorieswere closed on the afternoon of the funeralservice, in which the University Chaplain,Professor Charles R. Henderson, tookpart.Dr. Barnard was a graduate of theUniversity in the class of 1904, receivingalso from her Alma Mater both her Mas­ter's and Doctor's degrees, with highhonors. She had been an Instructor inthe Department of Chemistry for sevenyears, and had assisted Professor JuliusStieglitz in many of his research investi­gations. For her scholarly work as astudent she was elected to Phi BetaKappa and Sigma Xi, and she was alsoa member of the Kent Chemical Society.Resolutions of appreciation of MissBarnard as an inspiring teacher and sin­cere student were drawn up by both ofthe scientific societies to which she be­longed.The retirement of Professor Burnham.-r­Announcement was recently made thatafter twenty-one years of connectionwith the Yerkes Observatory, SherburneWesley Burnham, Professor of PracticalAstronomy, will retire from active serviceon July I. Professor Burnham has hada varied and remarkable career as anastronomer, his first work being done in aprivate observatory in Chicago. Laterhe was an observer at the Dearborn Ob­servatory and at the Washburn Obser­vatory of the University of Wisconsin; and in 1879 he was appointed expertcommissioner to test the seeing on Mt.Hamilton, California, his report resultingin the location of the Lick Observatory.For four years he was astronomer at thisinstitution, and in 1893 he began hisservice at the University of Chicago asastronomer in the Yerkes Observatory.The value of his astronomical researcheshas been recognized by the award to himof its gold medal by the Royal Astronomi­cal Society of Great Britain and of theLalande prize in astronomy by the ParisAcademy of Science.Buildings and current expenditures r-«In the President's Report recently issuedfrom the University Press, PresidentHarry Pratt Judson says with referenceto buildings and their relation to currentexpendi tures:"It often is wise in the history of anyinstitution of learning to defer the erec­tion of buildings in order to provideadequately for salaries and other currentexpenses. The matter of providingsuitably for the faculty and for suchexpenditures as make it possible for thefaculty to do. their work properly isundoubtedly of first importance. It isalso true, however, that proper buildingsare an important means by which afaculty can better carryon their activi­ties. The matter of buildings now pro­vided has for years been pressing. Thematter of buildings yet to be provided isalso pressing. The University will notbe in proper shape to do what it ought todo, in other words, until on all sides it isadequately housed. At the same time,the provision for buildings has not sub­ordinated provision for other needs of theUniversity. This is perhaps sufficientlyindicated by the fact that in the fiscalyear 1905-6, in which the first steps weretaken toward the erection of the HarperMemorial Library, the total budgetexpenditures were $1,198,104; budgetexpenditures provided for the fiscal year1913-14 are $1,627,330. This is anincrease of approximately 41 per cent.The proper balance between plant andits cost, on the one hand, and currentexpenses, including proper provision forsalaries and research, on the other hand,will be maintained by the Universityendowment."Experiments at the University on therigidity of the earth.�The unusual inter-THE UNIVERSITY RECORDest shown throughout the country overthe scientific experiments at the Univer­sity with regard to the rigidity of theearth has been greatly increased by thepublication of the preliminary results ofthe experiments conducted at the YerkesObservatory by Professor A� A. Michel­son and Associate Professor Henry G.Gale, of the Department of Physics.The experiments were begun at the insti­gation of Professor T. C. Chamberlin,head of the Department of Geology, andProfessor Forest R. Moulton, of the De­partment of Astronomy and Astrophysics.The method used consisted, briefly, inmeasuring with microscopes the changesin level at the ends of a column of water500 feet long, which half filled a pipe sixinches in diameter placed six feet underground to insure constancy of temper­ature. The attraction of the sun andmoon was found to cause tides in thepipe, which were measured every hour,day and night, for two months under thedirection of Professor Gale.The result of the experiment shows thestriking fact' that the interior of the earthis not a molten, viscous mass, as has beenpopularly believed, but resists the tidalfortes of the moon and sun about as itwould if the earth were made of solidsteel. Nevertheless, the earth; in spiteof this high rigidity, behaves as an elasticbody, not liquid of course, but still sub­ject to the same influences (producingtides) as are the oceans which form partof it.That the solid surface of the earth issubject to the same ebb and flow as arethe tides of the ocean, although to alesser extent, is to the average unscientificperson an astonishing statement. N ever­theless, the fact that there are tides ofabout a foot in the surface of the earthhas now been scientifically demonstrated.The scientific presentation of the ex­periment and its results from an astro- -nomical and geological point of view weregiven in the March issues of the Astro­physical Journal and the Journal ofGeology, published by the UniversityPress.The relations of the University Presswith the Chicago Historical Society.­The first' book has just been publishedunder an agreement whereby the Uni­versity Press becomes the publishingand distributing agent for the ChicagoHistorical Society. Masters of the Wil- 159derness is the title of the work, whichis included in the Fort Dearborn seriesand consists of a number of essays onromantic episodes of American history,written by Dr. Charles B. Reed. Pre­vious publications are included in thenew arrangement, and henceforth allpamphlets and books of the Society willbe distributed to its members, and toinstitutions, libraries, and the generalpublic by the University Press.Five volumes of collections concerningearly Illinois history and a score of pam­phlets on subjects of historical interest,which have already been issued by theHistorical Society, may now be obtainedthrough the Press.The University Preachers during theSpring 'Quarter.-During this quarterthe University Preachers include, forApril, Dr. William M. Lawrence, of Col­gate University; Rev. Willis H. Butler, ofthe Old South Church in Boston, andRev. Harry E. Fosdick, of the First Bap­tist Church of Montclair, New Jersey.In May, Dean Charles R. Brown, of theYale Divinity School, Bishop WilliamFraser McDowell, of Chicago, and Pro­fessor G. A. Johnston Ross, of the UnionTheological Seminary, New York, willbe the speakers.The n1ew library of the Reynolds Club.­The Reynolds Club now has a library ofa thousand volumes of fiction, poetry,essays, biography, and travels, in thesouth room on the second floor of theclubhouse. The books were obtainedboth by donation and purchase withfunds raised by a library committee.The Reynolds Club itself made the initialcontribution of $225; Mr. Martin A.Ryerson, president of the UniversityBoard of Trustees, gave $100, and scoresof undergraduates, alumni, faculty mem­bers, and other friends of the club gaveamounts ranging from one dollar upward.The University Libraries have lent onehundred and fifty suitable volumes;while Mr. Charles L. Hutchinson, of theBoard of Trustees, donated fifty volumes;Professor Ernst Freund, of the LawSchool, fifty volumes; J. V. Nash, 'IS,about one hundred volumes, and variousothers from one to twenty-five books.The University appropriated nearly $200for the erection of bookcases.The committee has planned a book­plate embodying the Reynolds Club seal160 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEwith the newly authorized motto origi­nated by Associate Professor Percy H.Boynton of the English Department­Filii Eiusdem Almae M atris. ProfessorBoynton has been an active member ofthe library committee, which has in­cluded also an alumnus and half a dozenundergraduates.· The volumes purchasedby the committee were from a list care­fully compiled in .partial accordancewith suggestions called for by querieson the back of donation blanks. It isthought that the list represents ratheraccurately the tastes in reading of theReynolds Club members. The purchaseof books of drama was deferred at therequest of the Blackfriars, who proposeto endow a drama section of the library.The Score Club has, from the proceedsof two dances, donated over fifty dollarsfor books in the "College" section­verse essays, and stories. It is expectedthat 'other organizations will similarlyendow suitable sections of the library.The Pen Club has been a contributoralready. The shelving will provide for4,000 volumes and the committee hopesto obtain this number within a year.In the President's Report recentlyissued by the University Press is includeda list of publications of the members ofthe Faculties for the year ending July I,1913. The bibliography, classified bydepartments, covers twenty-eight pagesof closely printed matter, and representsthe work germane to those departments,although not including merely popularcontributions. In addition to the con­tributions to special journals and tech­nical periodicals are given the ti ties ofover forty books published during theyear by members of the Faculties.Professor Albion W. Small, Dean ofthe Graduate School of Arts and Liter­ature, and Professor T. C. 'Chamberlin,head of the Department of Geology, areamong the incorporators of the newSimpler Spelling Society of the NorthCentral States. Judge Jesse A. Baldwin,a trustee of the U ni versity, is also anincorporator, as is President Abram W.Harris of Northwestern University. -Prof�ssor Charles. R. Henderson, headof the Department of Practical Sociology,conducted a special conference of thePrison Reform Association that met inNew Orleans at the end of March. Dr.Henderson has been president of theInternational Prison Commission and has published a volume on modern prisonsystems. He is now head of the UnitedCharities of Chicago.Professor Emil G. Hirsch, of the De­partment of Semitic Languages and Li t­eratures, has been chosen as the oratorof the day at the dedication of the newGoethe monument in Lincoln Park onJune 13. His subject will be "Goethe."President Woodrow Wilson and the Ger­man Ambassador to the United Stateswill attend the exercises of dedication.At a meeting of Die deutsche -botan­ische Gesellschaft recently held in Berlin,Assistant Professor W. J. G. Land, of theDepartment of Botany, was elected toregular membership in the society, hisname being proposed by Professor Kar­sten and Dr. Ruhland, two of the leadingbotanists of Germany.Dr. John Franklin Jameson, directorof the Department of Historical Researchof the Carnegie Institution of Washing­ton, gave a public lecture in the HarperMemorial Library April 6 on the subjectof "Institutions of Historical Research."Dr. Jameson was formerly head of theDepartment of History in the Universityof Chicago, but in 1905 became the suc­cessor in Washington of Professor AndrewC. McLaughlin, who in turn succeededProfessor Jameson in Chicago.Joint sessions of the Western Philo­sophical Association and the Conferenceon Legal and Social Philosophy were heldin the Law Building on April 10. Pro­fessor Albion W. Small, head of the De­partment of Sociology and Anthropology,was one of the speakers. ProfessorErnst Freund, of the Law School, tookpart in the program at the UniversityClub down town. Professor John Dewey,of Columbia, and Professor RoscoePound, of Harvard, both of whom wereformerly connected with the Universityof Chicago, also made addresses. Pro­fessor James Hayden- Tufts, head of theDepartment of Philosophy, who waspresident of the Western PhilosophicalAssociation in 1906 and is now presidenrof the American Philosophical Associa­tion, was a member of the executive com­mittee in charge of the joint sessions.Professor Theodore G. Soares, headof the Department of Practical Theology,who took part in the program at therecent meeting of the Religious EducationAssociation in New Haven, was madepresident of the council. ProfessorJames R. Angell, dean of the Faculties ofTHE UNIVERSITY RECORD 16rArts, Literature, and Science; ProfessorAlbion W. Small, dean of the GraduateSchool of Arts and Literature; and Pro­fessor James H. Tufts, head of the De­partment of Philosophy, also representedthe U ni versity in the New Haven meetingof the Association.Professor Robert Francis Harper, ofthe Department of Semitics, has beenziven leave of absence by the UniversityBoard of Trustees during the SpringQuarter to continue his work on Assyrianinscriptions in the British Museum. Pro­fessor Harper has just had two morevolumes of Assyrian and BabylonianLetters published by the University ofChicago Press, and this important seriesis now approaching completion.Assistant Professor Frederick Slocum,of the Department of Astronomy andAstrophysics, has resigned his position inthe University, the resignation to takeeffect in September. Dr. Slocum, whohas been connected for five years withthe Yerkes Observatory, will go to Wes­leyan University at Middletown, Con­necticut, to be the director of a newobservatory to be built by that institution.Director Charles Hubbard Judd, ofthe School of Education, was appointeda member of the Committee on SchoolSurveys at the recent meeting in Rich­mond of the Society of College Teachersof Education. The purpose of the com­mittee is to co-ordinate the activities ofthe various college and university depart­ments of education, as related to schoolsurveys.Under the auspices of the Chicago His­torical Society and Professor FrederickStarr, of the Department. of Sociologyand Anthropology, the first Liberianexhibition in Chicago was opened atthe Society's building on March 23 andcontinued till April 4. The exhibits in­cluded groups illustrative of the Ameri­can Colonization Society, the republic,the land, and the missions; and Pro­fessor Starr, who contributed many ofthe exhibits, personally explained themon specified days. The purpose of theexhibition was to arouse interest in thenew "black republic" of Liberia.Associate Professor J. M. Powis Smith,of the Department of Semitics, waselected vice-president of the ChicagoSociety of Biblical Research at its recentannual meeting in the Palmer House.The secretary of the society is AssociateProfessor Clyde W. Votaw, of the De- partment of Biblical and Patristic Greek,The society was organized about twentyyears ago, Professor Ira M. Price, of theDepartment of Semitics, being one of itsfounders.On the program for the forty-ninthmeeting of the American Chemical So-.. ciety, held in Cincinnati on April 8 and9, were four representatives from theUniversity of Chicago-Professor JohnU. Nef, head of the Department ofChemistry; Professor Julius Stieglitz,Professor Herbert N. McCoy, andAssistant Professor Herman 1. Schles­inger."Student Problems of Many Lands"was the general subject of a series ofpublic lectures in Leon Mandel AssemblyHall by Mr. George Sherwood Eddy, anassociate in Asia of Mr. John R. Mott,general secretary of the World's StudentChristian Federation. Mr. Eddy, whois a Yale graduate, was a student volun­teer in India for fifteen years, and duringthe past year has been addressing stu­dents in foreign universities. His ad­dresses at the University began on April7 and closed April 10.At the tenth annual meeting of theClassical Association of the Middle Westand South, held at the State Universityof Iowa April 10 and II, the Departmentof Latin was represented by ProfessorWilliam Gardner Hale and ProfessorGordon J. Laing, and the UniversityHigh School by Mr. Wilbert L. Carr."International Night" was celebratedby the Cosmopolitan Club of the Uni­versity in Leon Mandel Assembly Hallon April 18, and the entertainment,ranging from Danish dances to a Hinduwedding and Swedish songs, was the mostvaried and elaborate ever given by theclub. The club, which is made up ofmen of all nationalities, is affiliated witha larger organization which has for itspurpose a better understanding amongstudents of different races.The Chicago section of the AmericanMathematical Society held its thirty­third regular meeting at the Universityon April 10 and I I. Representativesfrom the University on the program in­cluded Professor Gilbert A. Bliss, andProfessor Forest R. Moulton and As­sistant Professor William D. MacMillan,of the Department of Astronomy andAstrophysics. Other institutions repre­sented at the meeting were the univer­sities of Indiana, Illinois, South Dakota,r62 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINENebraska, Michigan, and Cincinnati.The chairman of this division of thesociety is Professor Ernest J. Wilczynski,and Professor Herbert E. Slaught is itssecretary.The U ni versity Orchestral Associationannounced the last of the season'sconcerts for April 28 in Leon MandelAssembly Hall, when the Chicago Sym­phony Orchestra under the directionof Frederick Stock gave a specialWagnerian program and Mr. HenriScott, basso, of the Chicago Grand OperaCompany, sang Wagnerian selections.This is the ninth in the series of concertsprovided for the season at the Univer­sity, which has been the most successfulin the history of the Association. OnApril 7 the Symphony Orchestra gavea program that included Smetana,Dvorak, and Glazounow.During the Spring Quarter the N apo­leon Collection, presented to the Uni­versity by Mrs. Erskine M. Phelps, ofChicago, is open to inspection daily inthe east tower of the Harper MemorialLibrary. The collection consists mainlyof pictures, busts, medallions, orders, andother decorations relating to Napoleonand the Napoleonic period, and is nowbeing catalogued.Dr. John M. Coulter gave three ad­dresses at the University of NorthDakota, Grand Forks, on March 27 and28. He found there a Chicago AlumniAssociation consisting of seventeen mem­bers, most of whom were in the faculty ofthe University.Recent contributions by members ofthe Faculties to the journals published by the University of Chicago Press in­clude the following:Burton, Professor Ernest D., (with F.Merrifield): "The Origin and Teachingof the New Testament Books," VIII,Biblical World, April.Chamberlin, Professor Thomas C. :"Diastrophism and the FormativeProcesses. V. The Testimony of theDeep-Sea Deposits," Journal of. Geol­ogy, February-March.Hoxie, Associate Professor Robert F.:"Trade Unionism in the United States.General Character and Types," J our­nal of Political Economy, March.Johnson, Principal Franklin W.: "TheProblems of Boyhood," IV, BiblicalWorld, April.Judd, Professor Charles H.: " ReadingTests," Elementary School Teacher,April.Laughlin, Professor J. Laurence: "TheBanking and Currency Act of 1913," I,Journal of Political Economy, April.Michelson, Professor Albert A.: " Pre­liminary Results of Measurements ofthe. Rigidity of the Earth," Astro­physical JOltrnal, March; idem, Jour­nal of Geology, March.Moulton: Harold G.: "Some Aspects ofthe Waterways Question," Journal ofPolitical Economy, March.Nitze, Professor William A.:' "TheRomance of Erec, Son of Lac," ModernPhilology, April. .Soares, Professor Theodore G. : "TheEducational Work· of the Church,"III, Biblical World, April.Wood, Professor Francis A.: "Greek andLatin Etymologies," Classical Phi­lology, April:ALUMNI AFFAIRSThe Utah chapter of the Universityof Chicago Alumni Association held itsregular annual dinner at the UniversityClub on Friday, March 6. The Com­mittee on Arrangements consisted of R.J. Judd, Law '10, Dr. H. P. Kirtley, '00,and Dr. F. H. Fowler, '96 ..... Ashopping luncheon was given by themembers of the Chicago Alumnae Club,Saturday, March 7, at Foster's, 221South Wabash Ave... .. A jointsmoker of the "Big Nine" united alumniof Pittsburgh is to be held early in May.C. L. Jamison, University of Wisconsin,'12, represents the University of Wiscon­sin, and Waldo P. Breeden, '07, theUniversity of Chicago, in making prep­ara tions for the smoker.News front the Classes.-1896A daughter was born on February 2,I914, to Mr. and Mrs. John FrederickVoigt.1897William English Walling has just pub­lished a book called Progressivism andAfter.1898Elmer E. Todd has recently beenappointed a member of the City Com­mission to revise the charter of Seattle,Wash.1904David C. Hall is physical director atthe University of Washington.Dr. W. J. G. Land (Ph.D.) has beenelected to membership in the G-ermanBotanical Society, having been nomi­nated by Professor Karsten (Bonn) andDr. Ruhland (Berlin).1905H. B. Thompson has opened an officefor himself in the Cobb Building, Seattle,Wash., as an X-ray specialist.1906William Duncan Ferguson, Professorof New Testament Literature and Inter­pretation, Albany College, Albany, Ore.,is spending several months in Pittsburgh,Pa. Chessley J uston Posey, formerly in­structor in the Department of Geologyand Mineralogy in the University of Wis­consin, has accepted a similar positionwith the University of Minnesota, withaddress at 103 Pillsbury Hall, Universityof Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.Felix T. Hughes has left St. Louis tobecome vice-president of the EngineeringSecurities Corporation, of 37 Wall St.,New York City.1907Thyrza May Barton, formerly with theUnited Charities in Chicago, has accepteda position as head of Public Welfare workat Pasadena, Cal.1908Bernard 1. Bell, formerly pastor of S LChristopher's church in Oak Park, andfounder of the Grace Church (Chicago)free-service forum, has accepted thedeanship of St. Paul's cathedral in thediocese of Fond du Lac, Wis.EX-1908Paul W. Pinkerton has been appointedcity manager of Montrose, Colo., underthe commission form of government.Adelaide A. Spohn is at Carnegie Lab­oratory, Cold Spring Harbor, L.I., N.Y.1909James G. Raley has moved his lawoffice to the Colman Block, Seattle,Wash., and is connected with the firm ofGill, Hoyt and Frye.1910Thomas H. Glenn (Ph.D.) has movedto Mountain View, Cal.Eugene B. Eastburn is manager of theKansas City branch of the Knight Tireand Rubber Co., of Canton, Ohio, alI528 Grand Ave., Kansas City, Mo.Emma Skinner Weld is teaching atSanta Ana, Cal.1912N ellie C. Henry is teaching biology inthe Westport High School. Her addressis 3940 Wyandotte St., Westport Sta.,Kansas City, Mo.Dean R. Wickes (Ph.D.) is teaching inTungchou College, Pekin, China.I63THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEEX-1912Barrett H. Clark is the author of Con­tinental Drama of To-Day, which will bepublished this month by Henry Holt & Co.1913Bertha May Wood Riley is teaching inthe Home Economics Department ofIowa State College, at Ames, Ia.EX-1913Harold Kramer has taken a position inSeattle, Wash. His address is Y.M.C.A.,Seattle, Wash.Marriages.-Daniel Webster Mumaw, Law '12,October 29, 1913, to Helen M. James, ofLowellville, Ohio, a graduate of SlipperyRock Normal College, Slippery Rock,Pa. Mr. and Mrs. Mumaw live at 154Dewey Ave., Youngstown, Ohio, whereMr. Mumaw is practicing law. He is inpartnership with ex-Congressman JamesKennedy, their office being at 604 Ma­honing Bank Building.Ruth Elizabeth Delzell, '12, to AsherKing Mather. Their present address isTura, Assam, India. Margaret B. Allardyce, '07, to George.R. Charters. Mr. and Mrs. Charterslive at 27 Park Drive, Spirit Lake, Idaho.Edith Hall, '07, to H. Walter Forster,September 5, 1913. They live at 4633Sansom St., Philadelphia, Pa.Ora Frances Proctor, '07, to JayCharles Beaumont, February 14, 1914.Mr. Beaumont is a graduate of the Uni­versity of Michigan, class of 1910. Athome at 1624 Fay Blvd., Kalamazoo,Mich.Grace Trovinger, '08, to Louis A.Bainter. At home at 111 I E. o rst St.,Chicago.Ruth Mary Porter, '08, and HarveyH. Schofield, January 12, I914. Mr.Schofield attended the U ni versity of Wis'­consin. Their address is Wausau, Wis.Deaths=-«Tyler Tubbs Henshaw, '1�, died Sep­tember, 1913.Myrtle Clapp,' '07 (Mrs. Ray Mc­Kean), died February 17, 1912.Eva Rumbley, .'I3, died at TerreHaute, Ind., February 28, 1914.THE ASSOCIATION OF DOCTORS ,OF �HILOSOPHYThe Secretary of the Association spentthe months of January, February, andMarch in Florida, trying to forget all hisroutine duties. This accounts for theomission of this column in the recentissues of the Magazine.The special registration blank forDoctors was ready in January and wasannounced in a circular sent out at thattime. It was not mailed to all members,but only to those who indicated theirdesire to have it. In response to suchcalls a goodly number ha ve been dis­tributed, and the records in all such casesare made as complete as possible by filingall documents which are received andfollowing up any reference which may begiven.Many appreciative letters have beenreceived concerning the plan for greaterco-operation among the Doctors of theUniversity. One important suggestion isthat local groups of members be formedwherever such numbers are sufficiently numerous to form a group, and that, inany case, the Doctors identify themselveswith the local alumni chapter. Especi­ally important is the suggestion thatDoctors attend the scientific meetingsof their departments and embrace everyopportunity to extend their personalacquaintance among men and womenengaged in the same line of work.One criticism has been made, and per­haps justly so, namely, that the circularletter recently referred to " Chicago men"and said nothing of "Chicago women."This was entirely an unconscious over­sight on the part of the Secretary andcan be explained only on the ground thatthe genus homo has become too muchaccustomed to thinking that "manembraces woman." This is no longersafe ground in suffrage states like Illinois.Surely' the University of Chicago hasnever made any discrimination againstthe women, and it is not the intention ofthe Doctors' Association to do so.