Head of the Alumni Procession Singing the Alma MaterW. S. Bond, '07, speaking; President Judson in background1907 Was Well RepresentedAT THE DEDICATION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO ATHLETIC FIELDOCTOBER 4. 1913The University of ChicagoMagazineVOLUME VI NOVEMBER 1913 NUMBER IEVENTS AND DISCUSSIONThe attendance of the University, in both the Summer and AutumnQuarters, shows a considerable increase over last year, The gain in the. . Summer Quarter, 237, or a little over 6 per cent (3,768 inThe University 0 ) Q 1G 19I3, compared to 3,581 In 1912 , IS a most what onerows. . 0would have expected. But the gam III the AutumnQuarter is striking. The figures are, men I,674, women 1,227, a totalof 2,90I, compared with 2,598 on the same day last year. This is anincrease of 303, or more than IO per cent, Of this increase 40 are in theMedical School (not including Rush), 33 in the Law School, 26 in theCollege of Education, and the remainder in the Colleges (Senior, junior,and Unclassified). The Graduate Schools remain the same (483). Theincrease in the Colleges is I57 in the Senior and 78 in the junior, Stu­dents entering as Freshmen .numbered last year 454, this year 560, or anincrease of 19 per cent. Ill: view of the stricter requirements for entrancethis year, this showing is surprising, In the Summer Quarter, by theway, the number of men and of women in attendance was almost exactlyequal-r,762 men, I,769 women; while this fall the men outnumber thewomen by 447, the figures being, men I,674, women I,227e In theColleges the showing is, men I,060, women 793. Attendance is not themeasure of the value of a university; but surely this growth is anindication of good health,This steady increase in the size of the University, however, brings upthe old question-Are we prepared to handle students in such numbers?Or rather, Is it to the advantage of the institution to do so ?���� ��s Take, for a particular instance, the premedical work.Limited? This fall the whole program of courses, as printed, had tobe revised; some of the laboratory work is given at sevenin the morning; the instructors and assistants are constantly overworked,34 TJ!E UNIVER�ITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINETo what end? There are no facilities at Rush to take care of studentsin such crowds as we shall pour in upon it. Why should not the Uni­versity recognize these facts, and begin a policy of wise regulation ? Ifwe are not ready to demand three years of college work instead of twoas a prerequisite to the study of medicine, why should we not at .leastinsist that all applications for entrance to the premedical course be in thehands of the Dean by September I, to be gone over at his leisure andrigorously examined? Why should we not insist, indeed, that. allapplications for entrance to the University should be sent in by thefirst of September ? We might, we probably should, lose a few goodstudents; but we should be able to decide with greater justice upon I themerits of the applications, and we should avoid the crowding andchanging and shuffling which now mark the beginning of our AutumnQuarters. .: -A NotableOmission There are no alumni members Q:Q.: the BoaFd ofTrustees."Marshall Field" is no more: "The University of Chicago AthleticField" has taken its place, at least temporarily. That name, thoughadmirably accurate, is long and clumsy, Suggestion hasStagg Field? been rife for some time that to call the exercise-ground ofour young soldiers of sport by the name of their honored general wouldbe appropriate, and wise. That some day it will be "Stagg Field" agreat many people believe.. Perhaps as long as we are privileged tohave the "Old Man" actively engaged among us, "The Athletic Field"will serve as well as any other name; but so far no good reason fornot publicly commemorating his achievements; and, of infinitely moreimportance, his influence here, has been advanced.No building is going on at the University at present. The announce­ment was made at the June, I9I2, Convocation of plans for the erectionwithin two years of grandstands and a wall on the AthleticField, a building for Geology and Geography; a buildingfor the Classics Departments, and a Woman's Building.At the June, I913, Convocation further plans wereannounced for the erection within two years of a building for the Depart­ments of Modern Languages, a building for the University High School,and a students' Observatory. Of these seven, the first has been com­pleted, and was dedicated October 4. None of the others are started.Plans for the Classics Building and for the Geology Building have beencompleted, and for the Woman's Building are under way. But so farDelay inthe NewBuildingsEVENTS AND DISCUSSION 5all bids on the Classics Building have been rejected as too high, andits erection has been postponed to a time: more favorable for buildingactivities- When built, the Geology Building will stand west of Walkerand north of the Law School. The positions of the others are not yetdefinitely announced.On October 4 the new stands on the University of Chicago AthleticField were dedicated. A procession of considerably more than a thou-sand, in which every class from '96 to 'I7 was represented,Thef marched from Bartlett to reserved sections in the stands,Dedication 0 d 1- d h 'd· h f Presidthe Stands an istenc to sort an vigorous speec es rom resi entJudson, who turned over the field to the Department ofPhysical Culture and Athletics; Mr. Stagg, who received it for theDepartment; and William Scott Bond, '97, who represented the Alumni,Lack of space prevents the publication of all their remarks, but he picturesof the frontispiece show vividly the spirit of the occasion. The celebre­tion was in charge of Gilbert AD Bliss, '97, but owed much of its successto the effective announcements sent out under the direction of BrentVaughan, '970 A decisive football victory over Indiana followed.A Communica­tion from theAlumniSecretaryAssocia tions,This is of course a record-breaking total. It seems to indicate anincreased confidence in the alumni organization, a higher estimate of thevalue of the Magazine, and a growing loyalty to Alma Mater ..It is to be regretted that the Directory could not be ready in Octoberas was hoped, but work is being pushed and a few weeks will suffice tofinish ito The response to the questionnaire was generous in the extreme,both in information and in subscription-two thousand orders beingreceived before the date set for publication.It is the hope of the Secretary that this great body of supporters maybe worthily served during the coming year, and that the organizationmay soon turn its newly acquired strength to practical work for thebenefit of the University,The Alumni Secretary desires to take this opportunity to thank theentire body of alumni for their generous support of the Alumni Officeduring the past year, In the period bet-ween JulyI, 1912, and June 30, 19I3, the Office received 1,788subscriptions to the Magazine. The bulk of these sub­scriptions included membership in one or other of the(Signed) FRANK W. DIGNANTHE- ALUMNI ADDRESSIMr. President and Fellow Members of the University:Just twenty years ago the class of '97 hurdled their entrance examina­tions and looked about the campus to find the class of '96 who had beenknocking around for a year preparing to receive them. In these twodecades the University in its Gothic majesty has become the substance,the reality of a dream; but as we alumni come year by year to meet inthe shadows of these walls and towers, we turn back to the first yearsand think of the surroundings then, and in spite of the pitiful comparisona fond memory brings the light of those other days around us .. We hada good time then-too. good we were told sometimes-but the farther weget from that brick hut which was the old "gym," the more kindly wethink of it+eand even we who had such good times in that building whichlooked prehistoric, was prehistoric, and smelt prehistoric, do 'not wantit back.So we remember too the day when the Director of Athletics calledfor volunteers-with what a rush they came-and how, with" the old man". bossing the job, they built the board fence which served its purpose hereso many years and now has given place to the beautiful wall around 11$.The old rough field and track have 'changed to a field and track which weare proud to compare with those of any university in this country, and,finally, we have this wonderful stand which so majestically appearsa castle to those outside and a complete and perfectly' planned standto those on this field. This equipment Is just what we need, Mr. Presi­dent, and the alumni applaud the wisdom of the trustees in its erection,In no other place can the great family of the University gather togetherso well to greet one another in mutual interest and loyalty, a'nd theimportance of these gatherings in bringing us all together and holdingus together loyally through the passing years should not be underesti-mated. ..More than this, Mr. President, this beautiful field and gymnasium,this wall and stand, are in the minds of the alumni inevitably associatedwith the career and achievement of a man we love. We like to think of.this wonderful equipment as substantial evidence of the approval of thewhole University of 'the principles taught and practiced through aU�these years �Y him whom we affectionately call "the old man." Lessol_ls"I Given at exercises in dedication of the University of Chicago Athletic Fie�dOctober 4, 1913.6THE ALUMNI ADDRESSare learned on this field which are of the foundation of manhood and goodcitizenship and which I thoroughly believe are an honorable part of aman's character long after he has forgotten many of the lessons of theclassroom. And so I say that we alumni feel that this occasion is notonly a dedication of a great athletic equipment, a great meeting-placefor the University family, but has in its meaning also confirmation,approval, appreciation of Alonzo Stagg-the man and his work. Longmay he be with us to carry it on!And now, Mr. President, for the alumni and the students, the con­stituency which I so feebly represent, I wish to say that we are proudof these battlemented towers that have risen, proud of our part in theathletic spirit of which they are the expression, and unfailingly loyal tothe principles of hard play, clean play, and fair play which they com­memorate.WILUAM SCOTT BOND, '97CHICAGO ALUMNI CLUBANNUAL FOOTBALL DINNERWEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 19AT 6:30 P.MoGRAND PACIFIC HOTELSEND YOUR RESERVATIONS AT ONCE TOALVIN W. KRAMERI 15 WEST MONROE STREETDON'T FORGET IT! 7THE SCHO,·LARS_HIP OF THEFRA TERNITIES'. .The accompanying table shows the comparative rank in scholarshipof the seventeen fraternities now represented at the University, for theAutumn, Winter, and Spring of the past scholastic year, and for theyear as a whole. The figures have reference to -grade-points, which. arecalculatedA=6, B=4, C= 2, D=o, E= -I, and F= -2. C, an averageof two grade-points per major taken, is necessary for graduation. It willbe noticed that fourteen fraternities averaged C or better for the year.Perhaps the most interesting revelation of the table is the wretchedcomparative showing of the Autumn Quarter. That is a hard quarteron Freshmen; scarcely easier, for a while, on upper classmen. Itshould: be noted, too, that by January the very worst students, andby April nearly all the very bad students, have been weeded out of theUniversity and so cease to infect the tables.It would be highly desirable to add a. comparison.of all the students,all the men, and the non-fraternity men; but unfortunately the figuresare not available.SCHOLARSHIP RANK OF UNDERGRADUATE FRATERNITIESYEAR 1912�13Number inAutumn Winter Spring Year ChapterQuarter Quarter Quarter WinterQuarterI. Alpha Tau Omega ....... 2.70 3.30 3.26 3.08 172. Beta Theta Pi ........... 3.15 2.80 2.81 2.92 213. Delta Upsilon ........... 2·49 3.02 2.68 2·73 224. Alpha Delta Phi. . i•••••• � 2.25 2.96 2.626 2.612 285. Sigma Alpha Epsilon ..... 2.30 2.65 2.63 2.52 236. Phi Kappa Sigma ........ 2·40 2·45 2.48 2·44 II7. Delta' Sigma P� ......... 1.99 2.312 2·79 2.364 188. Sigma Chi .............. 2.38 2.320 2·337 2·345 12,9. Phi Delta Theta ......... 1.90 2·373 2·760 2·344 810. Psi Upsilon ........ � .... 2.48 1.98 2.30 2.25 23II. Delta Tau Delt� ...... '... 2.00 2.01 2.52 2.17 1612. Phi Gamma Delta � ...... 1.98 2.36 2.10 2�14 2113. Sigma Nu ............... 1.78 2.12 2·4.5 2.11 1414. Delta Kappa Epsilon ..... 1.80 2.08 2.384 2.088 25IS· Kappa Sigma ............ 1. 23 2.317 2.256 1·934 1316. Phi Kappa Psi ........... 1;52 1.83 2.388 1.912 1317· Chi Psi ................ ·1. 1.48 2.323 t.83 1.844:' 142.10 2.423 2.505 2·348,OUR RELATIONS WITH JAPANIBY JOHN HOLLADAY LATANE, PH.D., LL.D.Professor of American History in Johns Hopkins UniversityThe rise of Japan within the span of British Columbia, Australia, and Newone generation from the condition of a Zealand, will ever contend for primacy inweak feudalized state, shut off from all the Pacific. She has naval problemscontact with the western nations, to the that are too pressing in other quarters ofposition of a world power dominated by a the globe. Russia has received a checkdesire to shape the destinies of Eastern that will delay her naval developmentAsia and ready to dispute with other for many years to come. While Chinapowers the control of the Pacific, consti- may some day emerge to challenge thetutes one of the most dramatic stories in position of Japan and the United States,the whole range of history. The rapid it is not likely that any of us will live toassimilation of western ideas and the see it. At present therefore the Unitedsuccessful appropriation of all the ma- States and Japan are the two rivals forterial elements of western civilization are naval supremacy in the Pacific.without a parallel. The leading public men of Japan andDr. Nitobe, whom we are glad to recog- the United States are continually assuringnize not only as a great scholar but as a us that the official relations between thegreat writer of English, in his remarkable two countries are, and always have been,book,Bushido, the Soul of Japan, describes most cordial; that while the Unitedwith great power and beauty the idealism States forced western civilization uponof the Samurai, or gentlemen of J apan. Japan at the mouth of the cannon, theof a generation ago, but while the old Japanese have always been profoundlyspirit still flashes out occasionally as in grateful to us for so doing; that the onlythe spectacular, and to us meaningless, monument ever erected on their soil tosuicide, on the occasion of the funeral a foreigner perpetuates the memory ofof the late Emperor, of one of his most Commodore Perry on the spot where hedistinguished subjects, General N ogi, we landed-the spot, the inscription declares,cannot help believing that the Japanese "on which the modern civilization ofhave outgrown their idealism; that they our Japanese Empire had its beginnings."cast it aside when they discarded their In the great transformation which Japanmediaeval weapons and abandoned their has undergone she has drawn moreself-complacent exclusivism. The Japa- largely on the United States than on anynese are the greatest materialists in the other nation. This is because the Unitedworld today, for it is the material ele- States has been pre-eminently a success­ments of western civilization that they ful nation and Japan worships success.have appropriated and to which they owe Many of her leading men were educatedtheir success in two wars. A nation of in this country. The United Statesmaterialists, fired with ambition and furthermore took the leading part inmilitary ardor, are going just as far in freeing Japan from the burden andtheir aggressiveness as sheer force will humiliation of ex-territoriality and wel­carry them. That is why Japan with coming her into the family of nationsher present ambitions is so generally with full international status.regarded as a menace to the peace of the Nations however are no more mindfulworld. of past favors than are individuals. Tra-The growth of the Japanese naval ditional friendship cannot always standpower is a matter of vital interest to the the strain of changed conditions and con­United States, because the United States flict of interest. No one can deny thatand Japan are the two leading powers of rivalry and animosity have arisen sincethe Pacific. It is not likely that Great the Russo-Japanese war. It is claimed,Britain, in spite of her possessions in it is true, that this is largely due to yellowI Delivered on the occasion of the Eighty-eighth Convocation of the University,held in Leon Mandel Assembly Hall, August 29, 1913.9I() THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE,JOHN HOLLADAY LATANE, PH.D., LL.D.PROFESSOR OF AMERICAN HISTORY IN JOHNS HOPKiNS UNIVERSITYConvocation Orator, August 29, 1913OUR RELATIONS WITH JAPANjournalisnes in America; that cert�ininterests have been assiduously fomentmgdiscontent for commercial gain; thatadvocates of a large navy annually fillthe press with "dope" on the immi­nence of war with Japan; and that organ­ized labor on the Pacific Coast, in orderto maintain the western standard ofliving, deliberately keeps alive the firesof race antagonism. All this may betrue in a measure, but nevertheless theaggressive attitude of Japan in Manchuriaand in California and the development ofrace antagonism in this country are fac­tors that cannot be ignored.As one of Japan's chief ambitions todayis to shape the destinies of China, it willbe well for us to review briefly the policyof the United States with reference toChina since the threatened partition ofthat country fifteen years ago. Althoughthe downfall of China had been freelypredicted after the revelation of herinherent weakness in the war with Japan,the suddenness with which she fell a preyto the greed of the western nations wasthe sensation of the dosing years of thenineteenth century. The rivalry of theEuropean powers in the commercialexploitation of China in r897-98 servedto emphasize, more than ever before, thefact that commerce has become thegreatest of all political interests, and thatthe primary object of diplomacy is theextension of trade relations and themaintenance of foreign markets. Tothe attainment of these ends armies andnavies are mere accessories.The occupation of Kiao-Chau by Ger­many in r897, followed a few monthslater by a ninety-nine year lease andimportant concessions in the ShantungPeninsula, the Russian lease' of PortArthur in I898, the British lease of Wei­Hai-Wei, and \ the French occupation, ofKwang-Chau, all coming within a fewmonths of each other, are now too wellknown to be recalled in detail. Havingestablished themselves in strategic posi­tions on the shores of the Gulf of Pechiliand holding China by the throat, so tospeak, Germany, Russia, and Englandproceeded to dictate the terms theydesired. In addition to cessions ofterritory, extensive concessions for theconstruction of railways and miningprivileges were granted to each powerin its particular "sphere of influence,"in utter disregard of the" most-favored­nation" clauses of existing treaties. The IImovement for the partition of China waswell under way when the United Stateswent to war with Spain and the Philip­pine Islands came within its grasp. Toseize a "sphere of influence" in Chinaseemed utterly repugnant to the tradi­tional policy of the United States, andwould not have been acquiesced in by theSenate. But the occupation of thePhilippines, it was thought, would givea point of vantage from which the Ameri­can government could exercise a decisiveinfluence in the Orient. Such considera­tions were probably the main factor inPresident McKinley's decision to retainthe Philippines.Americans generally are under theimpression that Secretary Hay's "open­door" policy in China, of which we heardso much a few years ago, was a great suc­cess. As I entered the imposing JohnHay Memorial Library in Providence afew weeks ago I read with a mentalreservation this inscription: " To JohnHay who maintained the open door andthe Golden Rule." The policy for whichhe stood was indeed a great policy, noblyconceived and nobly proclaimed, but itwas not successfully maintained. Theopen-door policy was first outlined bySecretary Hay in notes dated September6, r899, and addressed to London, Berlin,and St. Petersburg. Each of the powersaddressed was requested to give assur ...ances and to make declarations to theeffect: (I) that it would not interferewith any treaty port or vested interest inits so-called "sphere of influence";(2) that the Chinese tariff should continuein force in such sphere and continue to becollected by Chinese officials; and (3)that it would not discriminate againstother foreigners in the matter of portdues or railroad rates. Similar noteswere later addressed to France, Italy, andJapan. England alone expressed herWillingness to sign such a declaration.The other powers, while professing thor­ough accord with the principles set forthby Mr. Hay, avoided committing them ..selves and no such declaration was evermade. Mr. Hay made a skilful move,however, to clinch matters by informingeach of the powers to whom the note hadbeen addressed, that in view of the favor­able replies from the other powers, itsacceptance of the proposals of the UnitedStates was considered "as final anddefinitive. "The real intentions of the powers as12 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEcontrasted with their professions becameapparent in the discussions that soonarose as to the status of consuls in thevarious spheres of influence. Japanclaimed that sovereignty did not passwith a lease and that even if China shouldsurrender jurisdiction over her own peoplethe lessee governments could not acquirejurisdiction over foreigners in leasedterritory. This position was undoubted­ly correct if the territorial integrity ofChina was really to be preserved, butafter negotiations with Russia and theother powers concerned, the UnitedStates unfortunately felt compelled toconcede the vital point, for on February3, 1900, Mr. Hay wrote to MinisterConger that "the United States consulsin districts adjacent to the foreign leasedterritories are to be instructed that theyhave no authority to exercise extra­territorial consular jurisdiction, or toperform ordinary non-judicial consularacts within the leased territory undertheir present Chinese exequaturs."Application was then made to theEuropean powers for the admission ofAmerican consuls in the leased territoriesfor the performance of the ordinary con­sular functions, but in no case were theyto exercise extra-territorial jurisdictionwithin a lease, although in some casesthey retained this power in the adjacentterritory or sphere of influence.The- rapid exploitation of China,involving as it did the introduction ofnew ideas and new methods and muchthat was offensive among the most con­servative of all peoples, naturally arousedan intense anti-foreign sentiment and ledto the Boxer uprising. Events movedwith startling rapidity, and UnitedStates troops took a prominent part withthose of England, France, Russia, andJapan in the march to Peking for therelief of the legations. In a note to thepowers, July 3, 1900, Secretary Hay, indefining the attitude of the United Stateson the Chinese question, said: "Thepolicy of the government of the UnitedStates is to seek a solution which maybring about permanent safety and peaceto China, preserve Chinese territorialand administrative entity, protect allrights guaranteed to friendly powers bytreaty and international law, and safe­guard for the world the principle of equaland impartial trade with all parts of theChinese empire."During the long negotiations that fol- lowed the occupation of Peking by thepowers, the United States threw theweight of its influence on the side ofmoderation, urging the powers not toimpose too many burdens on China anddeclaring that the only hope for the futurelay in a strong, independent, responsibleChinese government. Mr. Hay dis­played great skill in giving to the worldat a critical moment a definite expressionof policy, and in urging the powers toobserve it.Contrary to the terms of the final pro­tocol, however, Russia retained inManchuria the troops concentrated thereduring the Boxer movement, with a viewto exacting further concessions fromChina. The seriousness of the situationled England and Japan to sign a perma­nent defensive agreement January 30,1902, recognizing England's interest inChina and Japan's in Korea, and pro­viding that if either party should beattacked in defense of its interests theother party would remain neutral, unlessa third power joined in, in which eventthe second party would come to theassistance of the first. A formal protestmade by the United States, February I,against some of the demands Russiawas making on China led Russia to con­clude that the American government hadan understanding with England andJapan, but Mr. Hay gave the assurancethat he had known absolutely nothingabout the Anglo-J apanese agreementuntil it was made public. He succeededin securing from Russia, however, a defi­nite promise to evacuate Manchuria byOctober 8, 1903, which was the date setin the Russo-Chinese Manchurian con­vention of April 8, 1902. As the timefor withdrawal drew near, Russia beganimposing new conditions on China, anddeliberately misrepresented to the UnitedStates the character of the new proposals.After the suppression of the Boxeruprising China had agreed to extend thescope of her commercial treaties with thepowers. When the negotiation of a newtreaty was begun by Consul-GeneralGoodnow at Shanghai, the United Statesdemanded that at least two new portsin Manchuria be opened to foreign tradeand residence. The Chinese commission­ers declined to discuss this subject, on thealleged ground that they had no instruc­tions to do so. It was evident that therewas secret opposition somewhere, and onMay 7, 1903, Mr. Conger reported thatOUR RELATIONS WITH JAPANit came from the Russian charge d'affaires.Later he secured a written acknowledg­ment from the Chinese government thatsuch was the case. Meanwhile Russiawas giving positive, assurances at Wash­inzton that she was not opposed to openpo�ts and consulates in Manchuria. Mr.Hav then appealed with the utmostdirectness to the Russian government,stating that the negotiations with Chinawere substantially terminated, with theexception of the question of the openports in Manchuria, and that the Chinesegovernment still claimed that it was pre­vented from coming to an agreement onthis point by Russian opposition; herequested to know whether instructionshad been sent to the Russian minister atPeking, and, if not, that prompt actionbe taken. The Russian governmentpromised to send the necessary instruc­tions, but when Mr .. Conger approachedthe Russian minister at Peking, the latterreplied that the matter had been takenout of his hands, and that he had beeninstructed to await the result of the dis ...cussion of the question at Washington.After this sort of evasion had gone onfor a month, on July I4 a definite answerwas at length received from Russia, inwhich she declared that it had neverentered into her views to oppose the open ...ing of certain cities in Manchuria toforeign commerce, but that this declara­tion did not apply to Harbin, one of thecities selected by the United States, whichwas situated within the railway zone, andtherefore was not under the completejurisdiction of China. A copy of thisnote was shown to the Chinese govern­ment, which finally agreed to insert inthe treaty a provision for the opening oftwo ports outside the Russian zone.The United States agreed to this arrange­ment, and on October 8 the treaty wassigned, and Mukden and Antung namedas the open ports. By thus excludingthe United States from the railway zone,Russia again succeeded in thwartingthe efforts of Mr. Hay to establish theprinciple of the open door. "Theadministrative entity" of China wasutterly ignored. If the United Stateshad had a stronger navy in the Pacific,Mr. Hay's diplomacy might have beenmore effective.Japan now stepped into the breach andtook up the fight in Manchuria. Thepresence of Russian troops on the soilshe had won in the war with China and 13lost through Russian diplomacy was morethan she could stand. After longnegotiations, Japan presented to Russia,on January I6, I904, an ultimatum inwhich she stipulated: (I) that Japanwould recognize Manchuria as beingoutside her sphere of interest, providedRussia would respect the territorialintegrity of China in Manchuria; (2) thatRussia would not impede Japan or otherpowers in the enjoyment of rights andprivileges acquired by them in Manchuriaunder existing treaties with China;(3) that Russia would recognize Koreaas being outside her sphere of interest,After waiting for what she considered areasonable time for a reply, Japan with­drew her minister from St. Petersburg,and on February IO, I904, issued a formaldeclaration of war 0 The memorablewar that followed revolutionized thepolitical situation in the Far East,The services of President Rooseveltto the cause of peace in bringing Russiaand Japan to a conference within theUnited States in I905 have received widerecognition, and doubtless constitute anotable diplomatic achievement, thoughit is now an open secret that Japan,realizing that her resources were well­nigh exhausted, made the first moveand asked Roosevelt to intervene.Unfortunately the President was notsatisfied with having brought the com­missioners together, but kept in closetouch with them and took a too activepart in the negotiations. In the treatyof Portsmouth Russia and Japan agreedto evacuate Manchuria, with the excep­tion of the Liaotung peninsula; theRussian leases of Port Arthur, Talienwan,and adjacent territories and territorialwaters were to be transferred, with theconsent of China, to Japan; the SouthernManchurian Railway was transferredto Japan, while the Eastern Railway inN orthern Manchuria was retained byRussia.While the treaty of Portsmouth wasbeing negotiated, England and Japansigned a new treaty of alliance for theprotection of England's interests inIndia and Japan's interests in Korea, andalso for the preservation of Chineseterritorial integrity and the principle ofcommercial equality of all nations.During the war between Russia andJapan the sympathies of the Americanpeople were very largely with Japan,partly because her resources were more14 THE UNIVERSITY·OF CHICAGO MAGAZINElimited, and partly because the under­hand methods of Russian diplomacy hadcreated an unfavorable impression. But nosooner had the Russian plenipotentiariesset foot on American soil than CountWitte drew to himself the sympatheticinterest of the public. This was due inpart to his striking personality, and inpart to the realization that the odds weregreatly against him. After each sessionof the commission he talked freely to thegroup of reporters who gathered aroundhim, while the Japanese envoys retiredto their rooms and denied themselvesto all newspaper men. Public opinionundoubtedly helped the Russian negotia­tions. The result was that the Japanese, envoys went home somewhat disgruntled,and with at least an outward resentment,because they had failed to get an indem­nity, and had been forced to relinquishtheir claims to half of the island of Sag­halien.Japan's great military triumph hadagain, as in I895, been followed by adiplomatic defeat, and for this defeatJapanese public opinion held PresidentRoosevelt responsible. Their commis­sioners had failed to get any part of the -$600,000,000 ind!mnity which theirgovernment. had instructed them todemand and they felt it necessary toshift the burden from their own shoulders.However this may be, the strained rela­tions between the United States andJapan date from the -negotiations atPortsmouth. That President Rooseveltacted for the best interests of Japan inurging them at the last to forego allindemnity may readily be admitted, forthe opinion was expressed by many ofthe foreign military critics who were sentto observe military operations, that if thewar had continued six weeks longer thetide would have turned in favor of Russia.Japan was getting farther and fartherfrom her base of supplies every day andRussia was drawing nearer t.o hers. TheJapanese authorities knew this perfectlywell" but they did not care to admit it.The Russo-Japanese war was scarcelyat an end before an extensive boycott ofAmerican goods was organized in N orth­ern China. The nominal, and perhapsthe real, reason for this anti-Americanoutburst was the harsh treatmentaccorded Chinese in the United States.Fortunately the Chinese. governmentsucceeded in checking the boycott, butnot until it had caused heavy losses to Americans. There was a strong sus­picion throughout the United States thatthis movement was instigated by J apa­nese agents with the object of supplant­ing American by Japanese commerce.During the period of the Boxer up­rising the United States more than anyother power was, as we have seen, anxiousto maintain the integrity of the ChineseEmpire and the independence of theChinese government. Japan was at thattime in shorough sympathy with thatpurpose. What does japan think of theopen-door policy today? The situationin the East now; as at the beginning ofthe Russian war, hinges on Manchuria.Let us review briefly the rapid advancemade by Japan in Manchuria since theRussian War. By the treaty of Ports­mouth the Southern Railway of Man­churia was ceded to Japan while Russiaretained the Eastern Railway. Imme­diately after the signing of the treaty ofPortsmouth it is said that Marquis Ito,who represented the conservative Japa­nese party, proposed a lease of the South­ern Railway to Edward H. Harrimanand a group of American financiers inorder to place America as a bufferbetween Russia and Japan. This tenta­tive offer to Harriman was made beforeKoniura, the principal Japanese negotia­tor of the Portsmouth treaty, left theUnited States. When, however, Komurareached Tokio he at once opposed theIto-Harriman agreement, and it wasabandoned. From this period dates thenew Japanese policy. Komura andKatsura, the representatives of the warparty, insisted that Japan must retain allshe had acquired from Russia in Man­churia and use it as a base for Japaneseexpansion on the continent. The newJapanese policy involved a division ofChinese sovereignty in Manchuria anda full recognition of the exclusive rightof administration which Russia hadclaimed in the railway zones underher agreement of 1896- with China.Japan proposed to recognize Russianadministration in Northern Manchuria,provided Russia would recognize Japan'sadministration in the Southern Railwayzone, but these overtures were declinedby Russia .At the close of the war Russia hadlikewise made an effort in Wall Street tolease her railways in Northern Man­churia to American financiers, but thiseffort proved fruitless. Japan at onceOUR RELATIONS WITH JAPANsaw that the lease of Russia's railways toAmericans would mean the strengthen­ing of Chinese sovereignty in Manchuriaand the defeat of her own schemes. Shetherefore did everything she could toprevent it. As Russia persisted, how­ever, in rejecting the Japanese proposals,Japan began, under the principle of theopen door, to push Japanese commerceinto Northern Manchuria. It was atthis juncture that the exchange of notesbetween Japan and the United States(November 30, 1908) occurred, in whichJapan formally reasserted her adherenceto the open-door policy. This was aclever move, because it secured Americansupport for Japanese aggression. Mar­quis Ito, who was opposed to Japaneseexpansion until the nation could recuper­ate from the effects of the war, and who tothe last denied that Japan would annexKorea, was finally sent to Harbin to con­fer with the Russian Minister of Finance.He was forced by his political opponentsto become the agent for carrying outtheir policy, but he was assassinated atHarbin before making known the objectof his mission. The United States hadmeanwhile been watching the situationwith uneasiness, and Mr. Knox, in adesperate effort to rehabilitate the open­door policy, made the' famous " neu­tralization proposal," which was thatthe railways of both Russia and Japanshould be purchased and neutralized bythe powers. Both Russia and Japanrejected Mr. Knox's solution of thequestion. Russia had now to face theissue of losing control in Manchuriaor coming to an agreement with Japan.She chose the latter alternative andyielded to the proposals which Japan hadbeen urging for four years. On July 4,I910, a convention between Russia andJapan was signed at St. Petersburg.The following are the most importantprovisions: "(2) Each of the high con­tracting parties undertakes to maintainand respect the status quo in Manchuriaresulting from all the treaties, conven­tions, and other arrangements concludedup to this date either between Russia andJapan or between those two powers andChina. Copies of the said arrangementsha ve been exchanged between Russiaand Japan. (3) In the event of any­thing arising of a nature to threaten thestatus quo mentioned above, the two highcontracting parties shall enter each timeinto communication with each other witha view to coming to an understanding 15as to the measures they may think itnecessary to take for the maintenance ofthe said status quo."The comments made at the time bythe American press, and even by govern­ment officials, show how little the realsituation was understood. By the statusquo in Manchuria Americans thoughtwas meant the open-door policy, but thetreaty speaks of a different status quo­"the status quo in Manchuria resultingfrom all the treaties, conventions, andother arrangements concluded up to thisdate either between Russia and Japan orbetween those two powers and China."The documents referred to included therailway concessions made by China toRussia in 1896 and in r898, and com­municated by Russia to Japan in accord­ance with a secret agreement made atPortsmouth, of which the United Stateswas apparently unaware.While Japan vigorously opposed thedivision of Chinese sovereignty whenRussia alone was the aggressor, she nowadopted that principle as her chief policyof state. The annexation of Korea andthe understanding with Russia in Man­churia are great triumphs for Japanesediplomacy. Japan's repudiation of theopen-door policy in Manchuria, however,has been a great strain on her relationswith the United States and a potentfactor in keeping alive the war scare.However, the situation is not as bad asone might suppose at first sight. Japanwants peace in order to recuperate fromthe financial embarrassment of theRussian war. She has, therefore, ac­quiesced in the rehabilitation of China.The thing she most feared was the mili­tary occupation of China by some of thegreat powers. That possibility seemsnow removed by the Chinese revolutionand the organization of the republic.Although uneasy about the appearancein the East of republican institutions,which may soon undermine the Mikado'sthrone, Japan has outwardly, at least,extended her sympathy and encourage­ment, to the Chinese revolutionists.It is worthy of note that the revolutionarydisturbances occurred in the region wheremost of the foreign capital is invested anddrew the attention of Europe and Americato the spot, thus diverting attention fromManchuria, where Japan was makingrapid advances. As far as the Chineserevolution is concerned, Japan and theUnited States are now in accord. But,Japan is playing for time, and leaving16 THE UNIVERSITY OIr ,CHICAGO MAGAZINEexpansion outside of Manchuria to thefuture course of events. The outcome isaltogether too problematical for the,present discussion.Meanwhile the attitude of the Japanesegovernment with reference to its subjectsin California appears to most Americansto be one of aggression. The demandsof the Japanese government with refer­ence both' to the school question and toalien land-holding have raised questions -that are not only delicate from adiplomatic point of view, but that aredifficult for the American governmentto handle from a constitutional pointof view.During the latter part of October, 1906,the American public suddenly becameaware of the fact that an active anti­Japanese agitation was in progress inCalifornia. The San Francisco schoolquestion created intense 'excitementthroughout the country, and the presswas filled with discussions as to whetherthe United States had the constitutionalpower to make a treaty which shouldoverride the laws of a state. While theold question of state-rights was thus beinghotly debated, the really significant ques­tion as to whether the Japanese treatyconferred school privileges was almostignored. The treaty guaranteed to Japa­nese subjects in the United States, in"whatever relates to rights of residence,"the same privileges, liberties, and rightsas native citizens, or citizens or subjectsof the most favored nation. The ques­tion as to whether the right to attendthe public schools is a right of residenceis open to debate; but even grantingthat it is, California did all that couldhave been justly demanded of her underthe treaty when she furnished equal,if not identical, school facilities.But the school question was not thereal question at issue; the San Franciscoschool authorities could easily have'excluded Japanese men from associationwith little children in the lower grades,which was the main ground of complaint,by the adoption of an age limit which isusual in most city schools. The realquestion was the exclusion of Japaneselaborers from competition with Americanlaborers, and the assignment of Japanesechildren to a separate school was merelyan incident in a general agitation againstJapanese begun by the labor unions ofCalifornia.The question was adjusted, temporarilyat least, without being pushed to a con- elusion in the courts. J apan declaredthat she did not wish her subjects to comein large numbers to the United States,and for some time it had been the prac­tice of the Japanese government not toissue passports to laborers desiring tocome to the United States, though pass­ports were issued for Hawaii, Canada,and Mexico, the holders of which in manycases entered this country. Relyingupon a continuance of this policy, Con­gress inserted in the immigration act ofFebruary 20, 1907, a clause authorizingthe President to exclude from the conti­nental territory of the United Statesholders of passports issued by any foreigngovernment to its citizens to go to anycountry other than the United States orto the insular possessions of the UnitedStates or to the Canal Zone. March 14,1907, the President issued an executiveorder directing that Japanese laborerscoming from Mexico, Canada, or Hawaiibe refused permission to enter the conti­nental territory of the' United States.The San Francisco school board there­upon agreed to admit Japanese childrento the ordinary schools, under certainconditions of age and ability to use theEnglish language.The California school question proved,however, to be a mere incident in thedevelopment of a strong opposition toJapanese immigration to the Pacificslope. This anti-Japanese feeling hasagain manifested itself in the land legis­lation enacted by the legislature of Cali­fornia at its recent session. The law,as finally passed, grants the right. toacquire agricultural land to all aliens whoare' eligible to American citizenship, andgrants to other aliens the right to acquireland in' a manner and for the purposeprescribed in any treaty now existingbetween their government and thegovernment of the United States. Thetreaty between the United States andJapan signed at Washington, February I,1911, contains the following provisions inregard to the holding of property: "Thecitizens or subjects of each' of the highcontracting parties shall have libertyto enter, travel: and reside in the terri­tories of the other, to carryon trade,wholesale and retail, to own or lease andoccupy houses, manufactories, ware­houses, and shops, to employ agents oftheir choice, to lease land for residentialand commercial purposes, and generally;to do anything incident to or necessaryfor trade upon the same terms as nativeOUR RELATIONS WITH JAPANcitizens or subjects, submitting them­selves to the laws and regulations thereestablished."The failure of this treaty to specifyagricultural lands while referring specifi­cally to real estate used for residentialor commercial purposes, would appearto make it conclusive that the Japanesehave no right under the treaty to holdagricultural lands. It is furthermoredaimed that the Japanese governmentdoes not grant to Americans in Japanthe rights which it claims for its subjectsin California. This is certainly true ofcertain districts, in which foreigners areby statute expressly declared incapableof owning land.Neither President Wilson nor Mr.Bryan has admitted, so far as I have seen,that the California law is a violation ofthe treaty, though they urged moderationon the part of the California legislaturebecause of the apparent discriminationagainst Japanese as compared withother aliens. Technically, California ap­pears to have assumed an unimpeach­able legal position in expressly safe­guarding the treaty rights of aliens. Itremains for the federal courts, in caseJapan continues to press her protest, todetermine whether the law violates thetreaty or not. There is no doubt inmy mind that if it should be ascertainedby the Supreme Court of the UnitedStates that the treaty rights of Japanesehad been violated, the California lawwould have to give way to the treaty.The Constitution of the United Statesdeclares (Article 6, clause 2): "ThisConstitution, and the laws of the UnitedStates which shall be made in pursuancethereof; and all treaties made, or whichshall be made, under the authority of theUnited States, shall be the supreme lawof the land; and the judges in every stateshall be bound thereby, anything in theconstitution or laws of any state to thecontrary notwithstanding."There is no limitation expresslyimposed by the constitution on thetreaty-making power. Some writersclaim that a treaty to be binding mustbe made in. accordance with the generaldistribution of powers between the federalgovernment and the states; that there­fore a treaty cannot infringe on the policepowers or reserved rights of the states.No such view was held by the foundersof the government. Under the Articlesof Confederation treaties were continuallyviolated by the states, and the framers of the Constitution deliberately plannedto prevent such a condition for the future.The opponents of the Constitution in thefederal Convention and in the ratifyingstate conventions protested against theunlimited nature of the treaty-makingpower.The Constitution provides that alltreaties made " under the authority ofthe United States" shall be the supremelaw of the land. The clause immediatelypreceding this says: "this Constitution,and the laws of the United States whichshall be made in pursuance thereof," etc.That is to say, the laws enacted by Con­gress must be made in pursuance ofthe Constitution, but in the case oftreaties the only limitation is that theymust be made "under the author'ity ofthe United States." A foreign nationin negotiating a treaty does not have toinquire whether it is in conflict with theConstitution of the United States orthe constitutions and the laws of thestates; the only point it has to safe­guard is that the treaty shall be nego­tiated under the authority of the Presi­dent and shall be ratified by the Senate ..A treaty dealing with a question notproperly the subject of internationalagreement would not be valid, that is tosay the treaty-making power must beexercised in good faith. The status ofaliens is undoubtedly a proper subjectof treaty negotiation. While, therefore,a case might arise in which a treaty wouldbe declared unconstitutional by theSupreme Court of the United States,such a decision is hardly a possibilityin the case we are now considering.While there are to be found in theopinions of the Supreme Court certaindicta to the effect that a treaty thatinvades the reserved rights of a State isunconstitutional, no case has been decidedthat way. On the other hand there area number of cases in which treaties havebeen upheld, notwithstanding the factthat they have in vaded the reservedrights of the states.In the California case, however, itdoes not appear to be a case of legalright but a question of policy. TheJapanese resent discrimination of anykind particularly where racial antipathyis present. The repeated protests ofJapan have created a serious situationand one which the United States mayas well face now as in the future. Afterall it is not the California law which dis­criminates against the Japanese, but the18 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEUnited States law which excludes themfrom naturalization. The United Stateswould have a perfect right to pass anact allowing Japanese to come freelyto our shores and to become citizens.As citizens of the United States Californiacould not under any pretense of policepowers or reserved rights discriminateagainst them, but it is not likely that theUnited States will adopt such a policy.Meanwhile the present legal status ofJapanese immigration is very unsatis­factory, and may be changed by Japanat will. The situation therefore callsfor treaty regulation. What are we todo about it ? What will Japan be willingto do? These are questions of a verydelicate nature that will require carefuland patient handling on the part ofJapan as well as on the part of the UnitedStates. The surprising thing just nowis that Japan gives no evidence of regard­ing patience as a virtue. To discern herreal motive is a difficult problem and theconjectures that naturally arise are notcalculated to promote peace and friendlyfeeling. .Thus far, we have said nothing aboutHawaii or the Philippines. It may beseriously questioned whether Japanwants either. Her experience in For­mosa is not encouraging. She is bentrather on westward expansion into thecontinent of Asia. But the Philippinesare a sort of hostage to American fortunein the Orient. We must be conciliatoryto Japan in Manchuria, in Hawaii, evenin California, or Japan will seize thePhilippines and coolly challenge us totake them back! The Philippines are aserious handicap to American diplomacybecause they are an advanced and inde­fensible outpost. War with Japan is,in my judgment, not a present probability-hardly an immediate possibility-butpeace with Japan does not rest so muchon traditional friendship or a sense ofpast obligations as on Japan's presentinability to finance a war, and on ourpresent inability to defend the Philippinesin the event of war. Japan is merelytaking advantage of our present embar­rassment to extort from us certain con­cessions. With the Philippines exposedto attack, the Hawaiian Islands inade­quately fortified, the Panama Canal notyet completed, and the Mexican situationon our hands, she thinks the time isfavorable for a diplomatic move. Inthis she displays greater shrewdness than wisdom. The Japanese govern ..ment will be satisfied with nothing shortof the admission of Japanese immigrantsto American citizenship, and this weare not likely to grant. Any concessionswhich the Japanese might win in the faceof our present embarrassments would beonly temporary, and, therefore, unwisefrom the Japanese standpoint as well asthe American. The Pacific coast statesdo not want the Japanese to come totheir shores. It would be a serious mis­take, .therefore, for the United Statesgovernment to yield to Japanese pressure.Concessions would mean more Japaneseand more Japanese would mean thefurther development of race antagonismand the further straining of diplomaticrelations.The real point of offense is that the lawof the United States limits naturalizationto "white" persons and persons of" African" nativity or descent. Underthe interpretation of this statute, whichwas passed in r870, members of theyellow races are excluded from citizen­ship. The Japanese resent being classi­fied with the non-progressive yellowraces. They feel that as a race they havemade good and should be treated on apar with the races of Europe. Theyclaim that on the average they aresuperior to the European immigrantsof today. This is perfectly true, and itis further true that the American peopledo not regard the Japanese as in any sensean inferior race. On the contrary theychallenge our highest admiration, andthe superior industrial efficiency of theJapanese laborer is one of the maincauses of the anti-Japanese agitation inCalifornia. But when aU this is saidthe fact remains that the Japanesesprings from a historical environmentwhich has no traditions in common withours, that he has an intense pride of raceand nationality, -that his standard ofliving is different from ours, and that,notwithstanding the fact that he hasremarkable powers of adaptability, it 'isvery doubtful whether he has either thedesire or the capacity for assimilation.The Japanese question has been dis­cussed too much as if it were a local issue,when as a matter of fact the real issue isa question of national policy. EitherJapan must agree to regulate the immi­gration question by treaty, or Congresswill be compelled to regulate it by legis­lation.THE UNIVERSITY RECORDThe Eighty-eighth Convocati6n.-At theAutumn Convocation held on August 29two hundred and sixty-four degrees,titles, and certificates were conferred,among those receiving the higher degreesbeing seventy-eight Masters, ten Doctorsof Law (J.D.), and forty-one Doctors ofPhilosophy. A Japanese woman receivedthe title of Associate in Philosophy, anda Japanese man was made a Master ofArts; while two Chinese received degrees,one that of Bachelor of Philosophy, andthe other that of Doctor of Law (J.D.)."Our Relations with Japan" was thesubject of the Convocation address byProfessor John Holladay Latane, ofJohns Hopkins University, who is theauthor of America as a World Powerand a well-known authority on inter­national law. The address appearselsewhere in this issue of the Magazine.Professor and Mrs. Latane were theguests of honor at the Convocationreception in Hutchinson Hall on theevening of August 28, when they receivedwith Acting President Ernest DeWittBurton and Mrs. Burton, President andMrs. Harry Pratt Judson being stillabroad.The Convocation Preacher on August24 was .Professor Charles RichmondHenderson, Head of the Department ofPractical Sociology, who ga ve theBarrows Lectures this year in the Orient.Commemorative chapel service.-At thechapel service held in Leon MandelAssembly Hall, October 8, in commemo­ration of the opening of the Universitytwenty-one years ago, the followingaddress was given by President Judson:"The University of Chicago opened itsdoors for instruction on the first day ofOctober, 1892. Plans had been so ma­tured in advance that exercises of in­struction were held throughout that day,beginning at 8: 30, as if the occasion weremerely the opening of the AutumnQuarter in an institution long in progress.At 12 : 30 the trustees, faculty, andstudents gathered in the assemblyroom in Cobb Hall. This room occupiedthat space which is now devoted tooffices of the Deans and the Recorder. There were no speeches, but a briefreligious service was held, conductedby the President of the University,Dr. William R. Harper. The otherswho participated were Dean Eri B.Hulbert, Professor Galusha Anderson,and myself. Of these, President Harperand Dean Hulbert are deceased andProfessor Galusha Anderson is on theretired list. Some data comparing thesituation of the University in October,1892, with its condition in October, 1913,may be of interest."The faculty at that time numberedabout one hundred; at present it numbersabout four hundred. Since that date thenumber of students who have matricu­lated, thus having had courses at sometime in the University, is 49,941. Thetotal number of students enrolled duringthe year opening the first of October,1892, was 594. The number enrolledduring the year closing June 30, 1913,was 6,862. The number of those whohave received degrees from the Uni­versity since its opening is 7,050. Thegrounds belonging to the University inr892 comprised about twenty-five acres.The present campus, including the Mid­way frontage on both sides, from CottageGrove Avenue to Dorchester Avenue, isnearly one hundred acres, The build­ings in use on the grounds twenty-oneyears ago included Cobb Hall and thethree dormitories adjoining that build­ing on the south. The University hasnow about forty buildings."The total of gifts paid in at theopening amounted to $925,813.08. Thetotal of gifts paid in at this time amountsto $35,086,836.45. In addition to that,sums pledged and payable within a shorttime in the future amount to $7,495,000.Thus the total assets of the Universityat present are $42,581,836.45."The most vital assets of the Uni­versity, however, are not found inmillions of endowment, in great buildings,or in extensive acreage of land, but con­sist rather in the students, the alumni,the men and women who are doinguniversity work. Character and intel­lectual attainments cannot be purchasedby money, and are the finest fruitage ofI920 - THE UNIVERSITY OD CHICAGO MAGAZINEall the work which the University hasdone or will do."The annual Faculty dinner.-Morethan a hundred members of the Facultiesof the University attended the annualdinner in Hutchinson Hall on October 3,when new members of the Faculty weregiven a special welcome to the Uni­versity. Among the speakers intro­duced- by President Harry Pratt judsonwere Associate Professor Tom PeeteCross, of the Department of English,formerly of Harvard and the Universityof North Carolina, who will give specialcourses in Celtic literature; AssociateProfessor Rollo M. Lyman, of the Schoolof Education, formerly of the Universityof Wisconsin, who will lecture on themethods of teaching English; arid Pro­fessor Edward W. Hinton, who comes tothe Law School to take .charge of thework in Practice J and Evidence, after anotable success as dean of the Law Schoolin the University of Missouri. Theother speakers of the evening wereProfessor Charles Richmond Henderson,Head of the Department of PracticalSociology, who recently returned fromgiving the Barrows Lectures in theOrient; and Professor J. LaurenceLaughlin, Head of the Department ofPolitical Economy, who has had leaveof absence for two years from the U ni­versity for work in connection withproposed currency reforms. PresidentJudson, who himself was absent duringthe Summer Quarter on a visit to Eng­land, made the concluding remarks atthe dinner.The Roosevelt Professorship in Berlin.­Professor Paul Shorey, Head of theDepartment of Greek, sailed early inOctober to assume the duties of theRoosevelt Professorship in the Uni­versity of Berlin, the University Boardof Trustees having given him a year'sleave of absence for the purpose. Pro­fessor Shorey will give in Berlin a seriesof lectures on the general subject of"Kultur und Demokratie in Amerika"and will also conduct a seminar inAristotle's De Anima. Professor Shorey,who received his Doctor's degree at theUniversity of Munich after study atLeipzig, Bonn, and Athens, has beenhead of the Department of Greek in theUniversity of Chicago since I896. In1901-2 he was the annual associate director of the American School ofClassical Studies at Athens, and inI9I2 was the Turnbull lecturer onpoetry at Johns Hopkins U Iii versi tyand also Harvard lecturer on ClassicalSubjects. He has been president of theAmerican Philological Association andfor five years the managing editor ofClassical Philology. Dr. Shorey is amember of the National Institute of Artsand Letters, and among his publicationsare The Idea of Good in Plato's" Republic"and The Unity of Plato's Thought.Editorial changes in the Universityjournals.-The School Review, publishedby the University of Chicago Press, isnow under editorial charge of RolloLaVerne Lyman, Associate Professorof the teaching of English in the Schoolof Education, who recently came toChicago from the faculty of the U ni­versity of Wisconsin. Frank NugentFreeman, Assistant Professor of Edu­cational Psychology, has been placed ineditorial charge of the Elementary SchoolTeacher; and in the absence of ProfessorPaul Shorey, Head of the Departmentof Greek, who this year is the Roose­velt Professor in the University of Berlin,the acting editor of Classical Philology isHenry Washington Prescott, Professorof Classical Philology. During theabsence abroad of Director Edwin B.Frost, of the Yerkes Observatory, Asso­date Professor Henry Gordon Gale, ofthe Department of Physics, has' been theeditor in charge of the AstrophysicalJournal. At the opening of this yearProfessor Shailer Mathews, Dean ofthe Divinity School, became the editorof the Biblical World. All the journalsmentioned are issued by the Universityof Chicago Press.The University Lecture Association.­This association, one of the importantcultural and educational agencies ofChicago, has as its director ProfessorNathaniel Butler, of the Department ofEducation, who is assisted by an ad­visory board of ten persons, the majorityof whom are connected with the U ni­versity of Chicago. It supplies lecturesto six centers in Chicago and vicinity,and has outlined the following coursesfor this year, to be given by members ofthe University faculty: "The Makingof Modern' Germany," by ProfessorFerdinand Schevill, of the DepartmentTHE UNIVERSITY RECORDof History; "The Land of the RisingSun" and "Mexico," by Associate Pro­fess�r Frederick Starr, of the Departmentof Sociology and Anthropology; "ScenicFeatures of North America from theGeological Point of View," by ProfessorWallace W. Atwood, of the Departmentof Geology; "People and Problems ofOther Lands," and " Our Natural Re­sources: Their Economic Significance,"by Associate Professor J. Paul Goode,of the Department of Geography;"Other Worlds than Ours," by ProfessorForest R. Moulton, of the Departmentof Astronomy and Astrophysics; and"The Story of the Nile Dwellers," byProfessor James Henry Breasted, of theDepartment of Semitics.University College.-The new Dean ofUniversity College is Otis William Cald­well, Associate Professor of Botany in theSchool of Education. In the Circularof Information for the College issued forthe year 1913-14� under his supervision,forty-eight officers of instruction aregiven, who offer over ninety courses intwenty-one departments for the Autumn,Winter, and Spring Quarters. Most ofthese courses are given at the downtownheadquarters of the College, in theBryant and Stratton Buildirig, 80 EastRandolph Street, opposite the PublicLibrary. This is an especially accessiblelocation for teachers, who make up alarge part of the constituency of theCollege. Other courses in UniversityCollege are given at Emmons Blaine Hallon the University quadrangles. Theregistrations for the Autumn Quarter upto October 21 were 793, a larger numberthan in any preceding quarter for acorresponding date.The Orchestral Association.-A seriesof nine concerts is to be given in LeonMandel Assembly Hall during thepresent season under the auspices ofthe University Orchestral Association.The Chicago Symphony Orchestra underthe direction of Frederick Stock gavethe first of the six symphony concertson October 2 I, and the second on N ovem­ber 4. The remaining concerts by theOrchestra will be given on December 16,January 27, February 24, and April 7 ..Special recitals will be given by MissMaud Powell, the violinist, on December2; by Madame Julia Culp, soprano ofthe Metropolitan Opera Company, on 2IJanuary 13; and by Leo Slezak, tenor ofthe Metropolitan Opera Company, onMarch 10. All concerts begin at 4: ISP.M. Over a thousand tickets for theseason have been sold.The officers of the Orchestral Associa­tion for 1913-14 are: President, JamesHenry Breasted; Vice-President, Mrs.Harry Pratt Judson; Secretary-Treasurer,David Allan Robertson; Directors, JamesA. Field, Frank R. Lillie, Wallace Heck­man, and Lorado Taft.New books by members of the Uni­versity.-Members of the Departmentof Political Economy have for severalyears realized the great need of improvedmethods of instruction in elementaryeconomics, and as a result of their ownwork in this direction they prepared ananalytical syllabus of the subjects usuallycovered in the introductory course ineconomics, accompanied by some 1,200questions and problems, which theUniversity of Chicago Press issued underthe title of Outlines of Economics De­veloped in a Series o} Problems. Thesuccess of this volume suggested to theauthors a companion volume intendedto supply to students a collection ofreadings illustrating the working ofeconomic principles in actual life. Thematerial has been drawn from the mostvarious sources, including magazines,newspapers, commission reports, andcorporation charters, and in numerouscases original articles and diagrams havebeen prepared especially for this book.The material has already been used inbulletin form. in thb classrooms of theauthors-Professor, Leon C. Marshalland Associate Professors Chester W.Wright and James A. Field. Thevolume, which is intended to be used inconnection with any standard text, hasjust been published by the UniversityPress under the title of Materials for theStudy of Elementary Economics and hasalready been widely adopted.The University Press has also justpublished a new book by Dr. Victor E.Shelford, of the Department of Zoology,under the title of Animal Communitiesin Temperate America. Material for thisvolume has been accumulated during tenyears of field study in various parts ofthe United States and particularly inthe Chicago region. A valuable featureof the book is the three hundred figuresof widely distributed animals chosen torepresent the chief types of animal com-22 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEmunities and their characteristic modesof life. At the close of the volume aregiven methods of observing and experi­menting upon animals in the field, andalso methods of collecting and preservinganimals.Professor John M. Coulter, Head ofthe Department of Botany, recentlycompleted a textbook for use in secondaryschools, under the title of ElementaryStudies in Botany. The book is dividedinto two parts, the first of which givesan account of the structure and work ofplants, and the second explains thepractical handling of plants in the fieldand in the garden. Each part is intend­ed to furnish a half-year's work. Thematerial is arranged in an evolutionaryorder, and is accompanied by numerousdiagrams arid photographs. .The Art of the Short Story is announcedfor publication this month by CharlesScribner's Sons, the author being Mr.Carl H. Grabo, who has been for threeyears Instructor in English at theUniversity. Mr. Grabo graduated fromthe University in I903.The University of Chicago Press, whichhas become an authority on typographicalrules and usages by the wide adoption ofits Manual of Style, now in its third edi­tion, recently published A Manual forWriters, the authors of which are JohnMatthews Manly, Head of the Depart­ment of English, and John Arthur Powell,of the University Press. The book aimsto answer the practical questions thatconstantly arise in the preparation ofmanuscripts for the printer, businessletters, and any sort of composition wherecorrectness of form is an importantelement.Professor Thomas C. Chamberlin,Head of the Department of Geology,received the honorary degree of Doctorof Laws from the University of Torontoat the meeting of the InternationalGeological Congress in Canada. Pro­fessor Chamberlin has been for manyyears connected with the United StatesGeological Survey, his special field beingthat of glacial geology. He has been aninvestigator of the fundamental problemsof geology for the Carnegie Institutionsince I902, has written several treatiseson the science, and from its beginninghas been editor of the Journal- of Geologypublished by the University of ChicagoPress. Professor Ludvig Hektoen, Head ofthe Department of Pathology .andBacteriology, was given the honorarydegree of Doctor of Science at the lastcommenceme:nt of the University ofMichigan. Dr. Hektoen has been for anumber of years director of the MemorialInstitute for Infectious Diseases andeditor of the J ournol of I nf ectious Dis­eases, Chicago. He is also professor: ofpathology in Rush Medical College,which is affiliated with the Universityof Chicago.Associate Professor Henry C. Cowles,of the Department of Botany, gave hispersonal direction to the party of botan­ists from foreign countries who recentlyvisited sections of the United States ofspecial botanical interest. The partymade their headquarters during the firstweek of the tour at the University ofChicago, where Professor Cowles gavethem some account of the vegetationand geology of the Chicago region.After inspecting this region the partywent to Lincoln, Neb., and visited laterSalt Lake City, the Yosemite, SaltonSea, and the Desert Laboratory atTucson, Ariz. Among the members ofthe party were Arthur G. Tansley of Cam­bridge University, Professor Carl Schroterof the University of Zurich, and Dr.Paulsen of the University of Copenhagen.Professor Cowles returned to the U ni­versity at the opening of the AutumnQuarter.William Lawrence Tower, AssociateProfessor of Embryology, went to SouthAmerica during the Summer Quarter togather material for the new BionomicLaboratory just completed at the Uni­versity. Professor Tower has been madecurator of the laboratory, which will beone of the best equipped in the world forthe study of genetics. and the problemsof experimental evolution.At the triennial council of Phi BetaKappa held in New York City, FrancisWayland Shepardson, Associate Pro­fessor of American History, was electedone of the senators of the United Societiesfor the term I9I3-I9I9. Professor Shep­ardson is secretary of the Beta of Illinoischapter of Phi Beta Kappa, to whichtwenty-eight students were elected atthe last two Convocations of the Uni­versity for especial distinction in generalscholarship.About forty students from Germanyvisited the University at the end of theTHE UNIVERSITY RECORDSummer Quarter OIl their way as dele­gates to the International Conventionof the Cosmopolitan Clubs held at Cor­nell University, Ithaca, N.Y. Studentsof all nationalities at the University ofChicago have maintained a prosperousorganization that is affiliated with theinternational society of Cosmopolitanclubs the purpose of which is to promotea better understanding and a spirit ofco-operation among men of differentcountries and races.Sir William Ramsay, form.erly Pro­fessor of Humanities at the Universityof Aberdeen, gave a lecture before thestudents and faculty of the DivinitySchool October 8 on the subject of"Recent Discoveries and the New Testa­ment." The lecturer has been especiallyinterested in archaeological work onbiblical sites in Asia Minor, and haswritten a volume on Cities and Bishopricsof Phrygia.Prince Albert of Monaco, who is awell-known zoologist, visited the Uni­versity on October 17 and was the guestof Professor Frank R. Lillie, Chairmanof the Department of Zoology, and Pro­fessor Samuel W. Williston, of theDepartment of Paleontology. He wasentertained at luncheon by PresidentHarry Pratt Judson at the QuadrangleClub, members of the scientific depart­ments being invited to meet him. PrinceAlbert entertained at Monte Carlo thelast International Zoological Congress,which Professor Williston attended asa representative of the University ofChicago.Recent contributions by the membersof the Faculties to the journals publishedby the University of Chicago Press:Burton, Professor Ernest D. (with F.Merrifield): "The Origin and Teaching ofthe New Testament Books," I, BiblicalWorld, September; idem, II, ibid.,October.Chamberlin, Professor T. C. : "Di­astrophism and the Formative Processes," .1, II, Journal of Geology, September­October.Goodspeed, Associate Professor EdgarJ.: Critical notes: "The Freer Gospels,"A merican Journal of Theology, July; "Pro­fessor Harnack and the Paris Manuscriptof Justin," ibid.Henderson, Professor Charles R. :�'Social Significance of Christianity inModern Asia," I, Biblical World, Sep ...tember; idem, II, ibid., October.Judson, President Harry Pratt: HEcon­omy in Education," School Review, Sep­tember.Manly, Professor John M.: "Note onthe Envoy of Truth," Modern Philology,October.Mathews, Professor Shailer: " TheStruggle between the Natural and theSpiritual Order as Described in theGospel of John," II, Biblical World,August; idem, III, ibid., September.Merrill, Professor Elmer T.: "On Cic.Fam. XV. 20, Verg. (?) Calal. IO, andVentidius," Classical Philology, October.Pietsch, Professor Karl; " ConcerningMS 2-G-S of the Palace Library atMadrid," Modern Philology, July.Slocum, Assistant Professor Frederick(with S. A. Mitchell): "Stellar Paral­laxes from Photographs Made with the4o-Inch Refractor of the Yerkes Observa­tory," Astrophysical Journal, July.Smith, Associate Professor J. M. P.:"The Marriage of Hosea,",Biblical World,August; "The Religion of the Hebrewsand Modern Scholarship," ibid., October.Wilkins, Associate Professor Ernest H. :"The Enamorment of Boccaccio," ModernPhilology, July.Williston, Professor Samuel W.: "Osto­dolepsis Brevispinatus, A New Reptilefrom the Permian of Texas, " Journalof Geology, May-June.Yamanouchi, Dr. Shigeo: "The LifeHistory of Zanardinia" (contributionsfrom the Hull Botanical Laboratory 174,with 24 figures and four plates), BotanicalGazette, J ul y.ALUMNI AFFAIRSNews from the Classes-+A letter sentout in the summer by John F. Voigt, jr.,to the members of the class of 1896 re­ceived so many interesting replies, andbrought out so much specific informationthat this department of the Magazinefor November will be given up entirelyto that class. It is hoped that in futureissues other classes will use up the wholespace in the same fashion. '96 occupiesa peculiarly important place in the his­tory of the University, as the first classto. be graduated after the regular attend ..ance of four years.H. B. Barnard has been in the generalcontracting business (W. E. Barnard &Son, Room 826, 3 N. Clark St., Chicago)ever since graduation. He is unmarried,and has therefore been driven to golf asa counter-irritant to business.Caroline May Breyfogle writes:"After graduation I studied abroadfor two years. In I 900 I becameassociate professor of biblical history,literature, and exegesis at Wellesley.In 1905 I resigned. In 19I2 I took myPh.D. at Chicago. In 19I3 I becamedean of women and professor of biblicalhistory, literature, and exegesis at OhioState University. I am trying to keepthe torch burning, and to do somesocial service for the women of myown native state, Ohio."Howard S. Brode, SoB. and Ph.D. inthe same year, is professor of biologyin Whitman College, Walla WalIa,Washington. In I9I3 he was one ofthe instructors at the Puget SoundMarine Station, giving a course inanimal ecology.Edwin P. Brown writes: "I taughtfor one year at Morgan Park Academy,then came to Wayland Academy, BeaverDam, Wis., in I897 as instructor inEnglish. In 190r I became principal,and still hold this position. I wasmarried August 30, 1897, to Miss MabelVaughan; we have two children.-Hartleyborn in r899, and Robert born in I908."It may be added that since Mr. Brownbecame principal, the value of the buildings and equipment of the academyha ve increased 75 per cent, and theendowment fund has increased 300 percent, and the dormitory accommodationsare taxed to their limit. The academysends an unbroken stream of studentsto the University of Chicago.Percy P. Carroll is business managerof the Evansville (Indiana ) Courier."Seldom have the annals of Chicagoalumni afforded a more interesting in­stance of the continuity of college friend­ships than that of the Melancholy Club,of which Henry C. Murphy, then editorof the Weekly, Howard Roosa and P. P.Carroll, publishers of the Daily News,were leading members. The associa­tions formed then have not been severedsince. Serving a journalistic apprentice­ship first on various Chicago newspapers,later they drew together and for fifteenyears have owned and published theEvansville Courier. Murphy is president,Roosa vice-president and editor, andCarroll secretary and business manager.Whatever else college gave them, theygot nothing quite so valuable as thistriple alliance."Henry Thurston Chace, Jr., is alawyer, active in Republican politics;he lives at 5740 Rosalie Court.Henry Love Clark is also a lawyerin .Chicago, with offices in the MarquetteBuilding.Henry Tefft (Ikey) Clarke is a memberof the State Railway Commission ofNebraska, and practices law in Omaha.Agnes Cook (Gale) married HenryGordon Gale; they have one daughter,Beatrice, and live at 5646 KimbarkAve., Chicago.Edwin G. Cooley, first principal ofthe La Grange High School, becamesuperintendent of the Chicago publicschools, then president of D. C. Heath& Co., publishers; resigning, he wentabroad to study vocational schools, andis now active in the furtherance of themovement for vocational schools inIllinois.24ALUMNI AFFAIRSElizabeth T. Coolidge has been foryears a teacher of English in Hyde P3;rkHigh Schoolj to �av�, "passe� Englishunder Miss Coolidge .. IS �nma .facleevidence of sound training 'm ChicagoFreshmen.Charles Dorrance Dibell writes: " Iwas admitted to the bar of Illinois in1899 and have practiced since then atJoliet. I was married in 1900 and havehad three children, one of whom hassince died. So far I have managed tokeep out of jail, though that is, in part,due to the fact that they no. ..longerimprison deb�ors �s ��ey ,!sed, to do inthe time of Pickwick. Dibell s addressis 803 Woodruff Building, Joliet.Horace Raymond Dougherty is inbusiness in Tacoma, Wash.Raymond C. Dudley is president of theChicago Cleveland. Car Roofing Co.,with offices in Chicago (427 People's GasBuilding), Cleveland, and New York.He is married and lives at 4800 Kim­bark Ave ..Joseph Marshall Flint is head of thedepartment of surgery in the YaleMedical School. He is married andhas no children.Grace Freeman is head of the historydepartment in the Aur?ra �W est Sid�)High School, and working In the Uni­versity of Wisconsin summer schoolfor her M.A.Howard S. Galt writes from Tungchou,China, via Peking: "Your letter ofJuly 7 reached me some days since, andit was good to hear from you, and torecall our days of association, althoughthey were so few, at the Universityback in I896."After graduating in I896 I remainedon at the University, taking theologicalstudies until the autumn of I898, hold­ing the position during the last year ofmy residence there of general secretaryof the Y.M.C.A. I went east, to Hart­ford Theological Seminary, graduatingthere in I899. In September of thatyear I was appointed a missionary ofthe American Board, and came out toChina the next month to take a positionon the faculty of the North ChinaCollege at Tungchou (12 miles east ofPeking). When we reached China+-I had beep. married just before sailing,to Miss Louise West, of Tabor, Iowa­the rumblings of the Boxer disturbancewere beginning to be heard in the prov­ince of Shantung, and by May of thefollowing year the movement had sweptnorthward to Peking. On the r ath ofJune we were compelled to flee for ourlives from Tungchou, and' went toPeking, where we passed through thesiege, which lasted from June 20 toAugust I4. After the siege we went toKobe, Japan, for a year, which time Ispent studying the Chinese language.Returned to China in I90I, and duringI902 and I903 I spent much time inoverseeing the reconstruction of thebuildings at Tung chou , which had beenwholly destroyed. In the autumn ofI902 I .taught my first class in algebrain the Chinese language, and since thattime I have taught the whole range ofmathematical subjects in Chinese asfar as the differential calculus. InJanuary, 19II, I was elected presidentof the College, which had become (inI904) the North China Union College,the London Mission and the AmericanPresbyterian Mission becoming asso­ciated with our own in this institution."During the last two years I havespent much time in plans for the organiza­tion of a large union university, to belocated in Peking, and to represent amore comprehensive union than theone we now have. All the bodies mostdirectly concerned ha ve taken actionapproving of such a union university,and it now seems only to be a questionof time before this scheme is consum­mated. That Peking is a strategiccenter for such an institution must berecognized by everyone."In I 908-9 we had a year of furloughin the United States, and I spent theWinter Quarter of I909 in graduatework at the University of Chicago.We have three children; the eldesttwelve years, and the youngest six."Cora M. Gettys is in the libraryservice of the University.Rose Adelle Gilpatrick has ever sincegraduation held the position of Deanof the Girls at Coburn Classical Instituteat Waterville, Me. .Ralph Hastings Hobart has peen sinceJanuary I, I9II, general agent in Chicago26 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEof the Northwestern Mutual Life In­surance Co. He was in newspaper workin Chicago, 1896-99; western representa­tive New York paper specialty house,I900-I901; began as solicitor for theNorthwestern Mutual Life InsuranceCo. in Chicago in June, 1901; April I,1909, became manager of the ChicagoGeneral Agency of the Northwestern.In 1908 he married Miss Helen Hinsdaleof Evanston.Ethelyn Louise Hulbert (Wyant)married A. R. E. Wyant and lives at7106 Princeton Ave.; she has twochildren.John Hulsart is cashier of -theManasquan State Bank at Manasquan,N.J.Ralph Hiram Johnson is with theCheraw Box Co., at Cheraw, S.C.where he "will probably remain as longas the timber holds out and the poli­ticians allow the lumbermen to dobusiness." He was married in May,19II•Victor O. Johnson writes: "Thereis not much to say about myself. Afterleaving the University in 1896 I took alaw course in the University of Nebraska,graduated in i898. Served in the warwith Spain and entered the practice inthe fall of 1899. Since that time Ihave devoted myself exclusively to thepractice of law."In 1910 I came to Shoshone, Idaho,and in 19II became the general counselfor the N ational Wool Growers Associa ..tion, which connection I still retain.In' behalf of the association I broughtan action before the Interstate CommerceCommission and secured a substantialreduction on the rates on wool from allwestern producing territory to theAtlantic seaports. While I have devotedconsiderable time to railroad trafficrates; this has been my most importantcase of its kind. My activities in Idahooutside of the regular practice have beenlargely directed toward the creation of aPublic Utilities Commission. In 191 II wrote a booklet entitled: The RailroadProblem in Idaho. This introduced meto the' people in Idaho as a specialistalong that line and I am usually creditedwith having secured the passage of thepresent public utility law."My family consists of my wife, formerly Dora Sprague of Blair, Neb.,and four children, three boys and onegirl." ..Jennette Kennedy is assistant in thepublic library of Seattle, Wash.Van Rensselaer Lansingh, from F eb­ruary, 1896, to June, 1898, attended theMassachusetts Institute of Technology,re��lVmg the degree B. S. in electricalengineering, He joined the testingdepartment of the Western ElectricCo., February, 1899, and in July, 1900,formed the V. R. Lansingh Co. inChicago, sales agents for Holophaneglobes and reflectors. In September,1904, he was appointed general managerand ch�ef engineer of the HolophaneCo., which position he holds today withthe Holophane Works of General ElectricCo.,. Cleveland, Ohio, the headquartershaving recently been moved from NewYork to Cleveland. He was one of thefounders of the Illuminating Engineer­!ng Society, of which he was presidentm 1912. According to the LightingJournal he is " perhaps more closelyidentified with the advancement ofscientific principles in regard to the useof reflectors on light sources than anyother man in this country."John S. Lewis writes from Montreal,Canada: "M uch as I should like to do�o, I am afraid I cannot supply anyinteresting items concerning my family-e­which is non-existent-or myself-whohave been Ii ving in Canada for sixteenyears, which is the same thing from theAmerican standpoint. I am editor ofthe Star of this village, the same beinga virtuous, Conservative, and highlyImperial family journal of some littleinfluence with the natives of these parts.I am also vice-president and a directorof the Canadian Associated Press, butthese are about the only points on thecircumstance of my activities which comewithin the limits of possible contact withany other Chicago men."As for news of other members of1896, the best I could do would be torepeat the last gossip I heard on thecampus, seventeen years ago. I havenot seen one since then."�arry A.) Lipsky is a member of theChicago School Board.Sam MacClintock, after teaching invarious 'Chicago preparatory" schools,ALUMNI AFFAIRSentered on educational work in thePhilippines, becoming divi�ion supe:in­tendent of schools. Returning to Chica­go, he to?k the Doctor's degree in politicalscience III 1908. In I909 he bec�meAmerican consul to Central Amenc�oIn the following year he returned againto Chicago where he has since remainedas secreta;y of the LaSalle ExtensionUniversity, at. 2715 Michigan Ave. InI910 he marned Helen Marsh; theyhave one daughter, and live at 5629University Ave.Albert E. McKinley is professor ofhistory in Temple University, Philadel­phia and dean -of the College of LiberalArts' and Sciences. He is married, hasfour children, and lives at 6g01 German­town Ave., Mt. Airy, PaDElizabeth McWilliams (Patterson)married Eugene Patterson and lives inSt. Pau], Minn.Wesley Clair Mitchell taught atChicago and later at the University ofCalifornia, where in I 9 12 he marriedLucy Sprague, who was then dean ofwomen at California; she is a daughterof O. S. A. Sprague of Chicago. LeavingCalifornia, Mitchell went to New Y ork,where he lives at 37 West Tenth St.He is a lecturer on economics at Colum­bia and has just published, through theUniversity of California Press, BusinessCycles, a study of trade panics, whicheconomists are receiving as by far themost valuable contribution to the under­standing of these crises that has everbeen attempted.William Eugene Moffatt is a teacherof industrial history and commercialarithmetic in Central High School,Toledo, Ohio, his address being 2903Cherry St., Toledo, He is not married.Jo Howard Moore is also a high-schoolteacher of ethics, in Crane TechnicalSchool, Chicago. He has publishedvarious works on ethics and education,sociology, and anthropology, He writes:"I am working out a four years' coursein ethics for high schools; it is pioneerwork, as no such course is in existence.I plan to publish the course in the formof four books, one for each year, to beused as texts. Book One (for the firstyear) was published a few months agoin London." Walter Ao Payne has recently beenmade Recorder of the University, aswell as Examiner.Earll Peabody writes: "I havefollowed railroad work most of the timesince my university days ended and ithas led me a merry chase. I have seenservice in Georgia, south Texas, north­west Texas, Porto Rico, California,Chicago, and St. Louis. I am at presentstatistician of the M.K.&T. Ry. Systemat St. Louis."I married in Eureka, Cal., June 28,1906, and have a girl born in February,I g08, and a boy born in April, I gog."His home is at II3 S. Gore Ave., WebsterGroves, Mo.Cora M. Porterfield was first Scholarand subsequently Fellow in Latin atBryn Mawr. She has taught sincethen, worked for a time at the Uni ...versity of Chicago Press, has writtenvarious articles for educational maga­zines, and for the last six years has bee�head of the department of Latin inLindenwood Junior College, St. Charles 9Mo.Charles Sumner Pike is in business inHartford, Conn.Dr. Joseph Edward Raycroft is pro­fessor and head of the department ofphysical hygiene at Princeton Uni­versity.Katharine Livingston (Rice) is livingat 5 Elmwood Place, Grand Rapids,Mich.: "Review the past as I will, Iam unable to turn up one atom of goodcopy in regard to the Rices. I am badlytempted to make up something interest­ing; but 'happy is he whose annals arebrief. '"Marshall E. Sampsell is a lawyer,married, and living in Highland Park,Ill.Kenneth Gardner Smith writes: "Forfour years after 1896 I taught in thehigh schools of Dixon and Pontiac, Ill.,and worked at various things during thesummers. I then entered the U ni­versity 40f Illinois to take the mechanicalengineering course, completing it in1905. During my vacations I wasemployed in various shops and engineer­ing establishments. During the yearsTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE1903 and 1904 I was erecting engineerfor the Brown Corliss Engine Co., andlocated in Newark, N.J. After mygraduation I worked for the Westing­house Co. at East Pittsburgh, Pa., andfor the Kerr Turbine Co. in Wellsville,N.Y., remaining at the latter placetwo and one-half years. I then went tothe University of Wisconsin ExtensionDivision as assistant professor of me­chanical engineering and remained withthem six months. In the fall of 1909I went to the University of Illinois asassistant professor in charge of engineer­ing experiment station extension, butreturned in 1910 to the University ofWisconsin as associate professor ofmechanical engineering in charge ofMilwaukee district of the ExtensionDivision, which position I now hold.I was married in 1908. I am a memberof the Western Society of Engineers,and secretary of the Milwaukee CityClub."Concerning Stella Robertson (Stagg),Mr. Stagg writes from Idaho Springs,Colo., as follows: "Mrs. Stagg is busywashing dishes and I have undertakento write you briefly about ourselves andour family. As you probably remember,her name was Stella Robertson beforeshe married Amos Alonzo Stagg. Thisvery interesting event, to me, happenedon September 10, I894, just before shebegan her Junior year in the U ni versity.As you know, she graduated with herclass in I896 and then did two years orgraduate work. Amos Alonzo Stagg,Jr., came to us April II, I899, and onJuly I7, I903! our only daughter, Ruth,was born. Our second son, Paul, wasborn March I8, I9080 These are themost interesting events in our familycareer. Mrs. Stagg has confined herlabors entirely to her family, althoughbefore Alonzo was born she became quitea skilful tennis player and was on theway to make quite a reputation in thatline of sport. She is stil a very goodplayer and Alonzo and myself have agreat deal of pleasure in playing with her.Mrs. Stagg said thatvshe is unable togive you any information ab�>Ut herclassmates. However, I can grve youone bit of information. Last week,while at Chinn's Lake, at the base ofthe main range of the Rocky Mountainsat an elevation of II ,500 feet, I metRichard Bishop Moore, of the class of '96, who is in charge of the UnitedStates Bureau of Mines at Denver,Colo. His office address is 562 FosterBuilding. You will probably rememberMr. Moore. You will also probablyrecall that in 1896 there was a movementon foot to place athletics in the Universityof Chicago under student control. Mr.Moore told me that he was one of themen who got up a counter petition andfought the project."Charles W. Stewart says: "Afterleaving Chicago I graduated from Uni­versity of Denver M.D., 1900, and amnow doing X-ray work at 917 WalkerBank Building, Salt Lake City. I ammarried-no children as yet! I limitmy work to X-ray-no other news worthmentioning."Raymond William Stevens is vice­president of the Illinois Life InsuranceCo., married, has four children, andlives in Glencoe, Ill.Harry W. Stone is treasurer of thesame company.Harriet Stone, with her sister, hasconducted since 1907 a girls' school at5 Via Toscana, Rome. Their mother,Mrs. Leander Stone of Chicago, diedin August, the family home here hasbeen closed, and their headquarters willhenceforth be in Rome.Elmer E. Todd is practicing law inSeattle, Wash., having resigned in 1912as district attorney.John F. Voigt has resigned his posi­tion as assistant United States attorneyat Chicago, which he' has held for thepast four years, and will enter the generalpractice of the law in this city, his officebeing at 65 W. Adams St. Immediatelyafter graduating Mr. Voigt went to hisformer home at Mattoon, IlL, where hebegan the practice of the law. He wassuccessively city attorney and town attor­ney of Mattoon, state's attorney ofColes County, and engaged in the generalpractice. For the past year he has beendevoting his attention to the enforce­ment of the Sherman anti-trust act." Mr . Voigt is secretary and treasurer ofthe Illinois State Bar Association.Henry Whitewell Wales is also a lawyerin Chicago, with offices at 39 S. LeSalleSt. He is married and lives in LaGrange.ALUMNI AFFAIRSJames Primrose White was p�incipalof Lake Forest Academy; he IS nowmanager of the southern branch ofSwift & Co., at Norfolk, Va. He alsofinds time for church work and someexcursions into lecturmg.Charles Sumner Winston has been forsome years manager of t�e K�lloggSwitchboard and Supp)y Co., In ChlC�gO;for further information, see marnagenotices.Paul G . Woolley is teaching medicinein the University of Cincinnati;. hemarried Helen Thompson, '97, and theyhave one daughter, Eleanor.Engagements .-Vernon C. Beebe, '05, to GenevieveMarie Phillips, daughter of Mr. and Mrs.C. W. Phillips, 6639 Woodlawn Ave.,Chicago.Francis W. Parker, Jr., '07, to MissMargaret Kedzie, of 1514 Ridge Ave.,Evanston, sister of John H. Kedzie.Ruth Mary Porter, '08, 6638 KimbarkAve., Chicago, to Harvey HaseltineSchofield of Wausau, Wis.Albert Sabath, 'II, to Olive TheresaOberndorf, daughter of Mr. and Mrs.D. A. Oberndorf, of 4819 VincennesAve., Chicago. The wedding will takeplace in April.Ruth Allen, '12, to John Geary ofSeattle, Wash. Miss Allen was amember of the Mortarboard. Themarriage is set for November.Marriages.-Charles Sumner Winston, '96, to LelaOrral Adams, daughter of Mr. and Mrs.Harvey R. Adams, at Los Angeles, Cal.,October 4. At home after December Iat 5630 Kenwood Ave., CHicago.Charles F. McElroy, A.M.' '05, toCora Cleona Clarke, daughter of Mr.and Mrs. John H. Clarke, at Edinburg,Ind., August 4. Mr. McElroy was agraduate in 1904 of Butler College,Indianapolis, took his Master's degreeat Chicago in 1905, and the next yearattended the Law School, where he wasa member of the championship debatingteam of 1906. From 1909 to 1912 he wascoach of the Chicago debating teams.He is now secretary of the Ben FranklinClub of Cleveland. He is a member ofPhi Delta Theta. Mrs. McElroy wasa graduate of Franklin College, Ind., in 1905; and attended the University ofChicago in the summer of 1910 and 191 I.Irene Victoria Engle, '06, to JustusEgbert, at Racine, Wis., July 19. Athome after October 15 at 77 WestbourneAve., Hull, England.Violet E. Higley, '07) to Dr. ErnestM. Johnstone, at Waukegan, Ill., inSeptember. Dr. Johnstone is a surgeonin the Medical Missionary hospital atTientsin, China.T. H. Sanderson, '08, to Hazel E.Farington, at Rio, Wis., September 4.Mr. and Mrs. Sanderson will live inMilwaukee. .Elizabeth Anna Stone, '08, Ph.M., '09,to John Peter Senning, at Joliet, Ill.,June 18. Mr. Senning is a teacher ofAmerican history and political sciencein Wesleyan University, at Middletown,Conn.Hildur Christina Westlund, '08, toMartin T. Lindquist, at 1952 S. Spring­field Ave., Chicago, July 2.Louis Falk, ex-'08, to Clara Weldon,daughter of Mrs. John Weldon, 6025Harper Ave., Chicago, in September.Mr. and Mrs. Falk will live at RockwellCity, Ia., where Mr. Falk is engaged infarming. He was a graduate of MorganPark, and played on the Varsity footballteam for one year.Paul Whittier Pinkerton, ex-'08, toEstelle Foute, daughter of Mr. and Mrs.D. C .. Foute of Chicago, and sister ofW. J. Foute, '12, at Denver, August 14.At home at Montrose, Colo.William L. Crawley, ex-ir r , to CorinneAyres, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. R. B.Ayres, on August II. Mr. Crawley wascaptain of the 1910 eleven. They willlive in Chicago, where he is in business.w. Phillips Comstock, 'I I, to ElizabethJosephine Cooley of Chicago, on August27. At home after October I at 4335Guilford Ave., Indianapolis.Bertha lone Hunter, '13, to .NewtonB. Knapp, on August 6. Mr. Knapp ishead of the Miller - Place Chapel Settle­ment, in Brooklyn, N.Y.Deaths.-Charles H. Gallion, ex-'96, one of thefounders of the University of ChicagoWeekly, now the Maroon, and editor ofthe Calumet Weekly Index, died at hishome, II924 Yale Ave., in September, oftyphoid fever. He was born in St.Joseph, Ill., in 1867, coming to Chicagoin 1892, when the present University ofTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEChicago was opened. He held the posi­tion of business manager of the schoolpaper throughout his school life. Upongraduation he continued journalisticwork, founding later the Calumet WeeklyIndex; of which he was publisher at thetime of his death. He was president ofthe Cook County Press Association.In 18�8 he married Miss Lucile Banta, ofChicago; she survives him; with two chil­dren, Arthur Banta and Charles Horace.Frank R. White, '61, died on August17, at Manila. He was superintendentof public instruction in the PhilippineIslands. An extended notice of his lifeand work will appear in the Decemberissue of the Magazine.Edwin R. Gunton, ex-lr r , died onJuly 28 at Evansville, Ind. He spenttwo years at Chicago, from 19'07 to 1909,leaving on account of ill health, whichcontinued unbroken until his death. He was an accomplished musician, andan unusually pleasant and attractivecompanion. While at Chicago he neverhad a day's real health, but he cultivatedthe philosophy of cheerfulness, " con­sumed his own smoke," and was thefriend of everyone who knew him.After leaving college he spent some timein Colorado, in a vain search of health,and finally returned home to die. Hewas twenty-five years old.Milo Walrath, student in Divinity, wasdrowned in Bear Lake, near Hillsdale,Michigan, September I. He was one ofthe most popular men in the DivinitySchool. He had charge of the boys' workof the Hyde Park Baptist Church, and ofthe Hyde Park Y.M.C.A. He was a fineall-around athlete, and a good friend.Resolutions in his memory were drawnup and a memorial meeting was held inOctober by the Divinity School.ITHE ASSOCIATION OF DOCTORS OF PHILOSOPHYThe ninth annual meeting.-In re­sponse to the invitation of PresidentJudson, the Association of Doctors ofPhilosophy met at the QuadrangleClub on Monday, June 9, 1913, to parti­cipate in the ninth annual complimentaryluncheon tendered by the University.Nearly seventy persons were present,including Dean Angell, Professors JuliusStieglitz, E. H. Moore, John M. Coulter,J. H. Tufts, Marion Talbot, and R. D.Salisbury. Unfortunately PresidentJ udson was unable to be present onaccount of a luncheon in honor of theConvocation orator, His Excellency,J onkheer John Loudon, Netherlandsminister to the United States, whichkept him away at this hour. 'As usual, the Ieature of the occasionwas the welcoming of the new Doctorsabout to take their degrees on the follow­ing day. These included twenty-onemembers, the list of whom is as follows,by departments: Greek: John EmoryHollingsworth, Roger Miller Jones,Robert Christian Kissling, John LeonardHancock; English Language and Lit­erature: George Raleigh Coffman;Pathology: Aaron Arkin, George LesterKite; Embryology: \ Neil Stanley Dun­gay; Genetics: Joseph Kumler Breiten­becker; Sociology: Ernest Watson Bur­gess; Physiology: Arthur Lawrie Tatum;Philosophy: John Forsyth Crawford,Julia J essie Taft; Chemistry: George Oliver Curme, Jr.; German: FrancisWaldemar Kracher; History : JudsonFiske Lee; Mathematics: Mildred Leo ..nora Sanderson, Olive Judson Lee,Edward Hardin Sutherland. (Not allof these were able to be present at theluncheon.)Members of the Association whowere present are as follows: H. L.Schoolcraft, G. P. Jackson, G. L. Marsh,Hannah B. C. Powell, G. A. Bliss, G. H.Jensen, G. W. Bartelmez, W. K. Smart,Jessie L. Jones, A. C. von N oe, EdithBarnard, J. P. Smith, L. L. Dines, G. W.Hobbs, J. M. Coulter, T. C. Burgess,Susan W. Peabody, J. H. Heinzelmann,Samuel MacClintock, D. P. MacMillan,R. J. Bonner, Howard Woodhead,Wanda M. Pfeiffer, F. W. Upson, O. W.Caldwell, C. R. Baskervill, E. J. Good­speed, W. D. Ferguson, C. N. Gould,N. J. Kildahl, C. ]. Chamberlain, H. B.Lemon, V. E. Shelford, T. L. Neff, F. R.Moulton, P. H. Phillipson, L. C. Raiford,F. W. Dignan, W. D. MacMillan, H. E.Gronow, A. P. Fors, F. H. Pike, OscarRiddle, Theo. G. Soares, R. C. Flickinger,H. E. Slaught, Edith M. Twiss, S. N.Reep, W. F. Luebke, C. A. Fischer,J. P. Bretz, W. D. Dodd, S. P. Breckin­ridge, H. Fletcher, H. G. Gale, H. C.Cowles.After luncheon the Secretary pre­sented some figures concerning the totalnumber of Doctors as follows:ALUMNI AFFAIRSUp to June 1912, inclusive 694Added in August, 1912. . . . .. 12" "December, 1912. . . . . . . . . . . . . 7" March, 1913. . . . . . . .. .... 6" June, 1913. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 21Total to date. . . . . . . . . . . .. . ..... 740Of the total number of Doctors, ISare deceased.The total added during the past year was 46" " "last year . 58" " "1910-1911 56showing a slight decrease in the annualoutput.The report of the Secretary-Treasurershowed ReceiptsA ba!ance from the previous year of $32 . 60Received during the year from duesand Magazine subscriptions $171.40$204.00ExpensesPrinting, postage, clerical assistanceMagazine sub., vertical file '$163.00Balance on hand $41.00The election of officers, which is con­ducted by postcard ballot, was announcedby the Secretary as follows:President, Theo. C. Burgess '98'Vice-President, Thos. E. Doubt' '04 �Corresponding Secretary, Edith E: Bar�nard, '07; Secretary-Treasurer, HerbertE. Slaught, '98.The most important item of businesstransacted was the consideration ofthe report of the committee appointedlast year to formulate a method of pro­cedure for the better promotion of theinterests of the Doctors in respect toacademic advancement. The chairman,Dr. Howard Woodhead, presented thereport, which was printed and had beendistributed to an members of the Asso­ciation. A copy of this report wasprinted last year. The report wasformally discussed by Dr. R. J. Bonner,and Dr. H. E. Slaught, members of thecommittee, and by members of theFaculty who had been requested tocontribute their advice and help, namely,Dean J. R. Angell, Professor JuliusStieglitz. Professor J. M. Coulter, andProfessor J. H. Tufts. There was alsofree discussion by the members, includingan especially interesting statement byProfessor R. C. Flickinger, former 3Ipresident of the Association, whose letter­to the members a year ago was the basisof the committee action., It was the unanimous opinion of allpresent that much could be done in theway of making our Doctors know where�ood oPP?rtunities are offered, and alsoIn reportmg the good opportunities tothe Board of Recommendations in orderthat information may be transmitted toeligi�le candidates among our Doctors.One Important feature which was empha ..sized. is the opportunity offered throughmeetings called in connection with thevarious scientific associations. In thisway the Doctors' of a given departmentare able to get together and meet promi­nent men in their lines from all parts ofthe country and thus become known intheir fields.In view of the important suggestionsmade by Professor� Stieglitz, Coulter,and others concernmg the methods ofhandling these calls through the depart­ments at the University, it was thoughtbest that as full information along theselines as possible should be collected andput at the disposal of all the departmentsin the University, in the hope that themethods found effective in some of thedepartments may become available forall. To this end a motion was carriedthat a committee be appointed to gathersuch information and put it in a formavailable for the general use of thedepartments in the University. Thechairman appointed the same committeethat had acted before, namely, Drs.Woodhead, Bonner, and Slaught. Itwas understood that the findings of thiscommittee were to be transmitted by thesecretary of the Board of Recommenda­tions to the various departments andthat no report should be made by it tothe Association.Upon the motion of the Secretary �and by unanimous standing vote, thethanks of the Association were tenderedto President Judson, and through himto the University, for providing thisenjoyable and profitable occasion, andat the same time regrets were expressedthat President Judson could not bepresent in person.H. E. SLAUGHT, Secretary-TreasurerThe Divinity alumni of the Uni­versity of Chicago have undertaken toTHE DIVINITY ALUMNI ASSOCIATIONraise $30,000 to rebuild the CentralBaptist Tabernacle in Tokyo, Japan.32 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEThe former building was recently, de­stroyed by fire. The new building willbe larger and much better, in every way,than the old one. This is one of themost efficient centers of all-around,everyday Christian work in all Japan.Rev. Edwin S. Stucker, of Ottawa,Kan., has been conducting special servicesat Morrill, Kan., and at-Osborne, Kan.,October 26 to November 14, the latterbeing a union meeting. A later date isto be given to the First Church, Glen­wood, Ia.Rev. Vernon S. Phillips, formerlypastor at Madison, Wis., has been spend­ing some months in study at the Uni­versity of Chicago, and on September Ibecame pastor of the Tenth Ave. Churchof Columbus, Ohio. The church edificeis new, and situated one block from thecampus of Ohio State University. Mr.Phillips' pastorate will include the Baptistconstituency at the university.Rev. E. J. Parsons, of the OgdenPark Church, Chicago, has accepted acall to the First Church, Joliet, Ill., to succeed Dr. C. B. Peters, and beganhis pastorate September 14.Rev. F. O. Erb, who has served mostefficiently as. assistant .pastor of theHyde Park Baptist Church during hislater years of study in! the DivinitySchool, is leaving for his new field oflabor as pastor of the Free S�. Church,Portland, Ore., one of the best-knownchurches in the state. As a- token ofesteem and affection members of theHyde Park Church presented him with apurse of over $300, the presentationbeing made on behalf of the church byProfessor Franklin W. Johnson.The many friends of Dr. BruceKinney will be glad to know that he re­sumes his work this fall after his sickness.Mr. C. H. Conley, son of Rev. C. E.Conley, left Detroit September 3 forMiddletown, Conn., to enter upon. hisduties as associate professor of Englishin Wesleyan University.Dr. J. W. Bailey, of Pella, Ia., hasdeclined the presidency of Grand IslandCollege, much to the delight of his church.UNDERGRADUATE AFFAIRSUniversity songs are to be collectedagain in the second edition of the Uni­versity Songbook. The editors for thenew volume, which will appear shortlybefore Christmas, were appointed by theUndergraduate council at its first meet­ing, October 7 ••••. Failure to securea suitable Latin motto for the ReynoldsClub coat-of-arms made it necessary forthe officers of the club to announce a newcompetition to se<;:ure a quotation .. � ..J. H. Nichols, formerly of Oberlin Col­lege, and now a medical student inthe University, has been appointedcoach of the cross-country teams for theAutumn Quarter. Two squads are run­ning daily through the parks in prepa- fration for the annual Conference runto be held later in the quarter. . . . .Swimming meets are to be held everyFriday afternoon throughout theAutumn Quarter, according to an earlyannouncement of Coach White. TheVarsity candidates ha ve been dividedinto two squads. The team will bebuilt around Pavlicek in the back­stroke, Gorgas in the breast-stroke,White and Goodman in the swims, andRedmon and White in the plunge.Twenty candidates have reported .....Sigma Alpha Epsilon and Kappa Sigmawere expelled for one quarter from the Interfraternity council on October 2I.Both organizations were convicted of"pledge-tampering." . . .. The" DailyMaroofJ, for Tuesday, October 21, fea­tured an extended review of T he YellowJ acket, then being produced under theauspices of the Chicago Theater Societyat the Fine Arts Theater. The edi­torial announcement that the articlewould' be one of the first of a series oftheatrical reviews by students wasenthusiastically received by the under­graduates. . . . . One hundred and sixty­one pledges were announced by theseventeen Chicago chapters of nationalfraternities on October 22. Beta ThetaPi and Delta Tau Delta with seventeennew men each led the list. KappaSigma and Sigma Chi, with six meneach, pledged the fewest ... � . Three­Quarters men appeared on the campusfor the first time on Thursday, Octo­ber 23. A new rule allows each frater ..nity to nominate four candidates for theclub, two of whom are to be selected forthe final membership for "good con­duct." Ten members are to be chosenat large. . . . . Seven women and fivemen were elected to the Dramatic Clubat its Autumn tryouts held Wednesday,October 22.LEON STOLZ, 'I4.