Aedicine on the Midw V Vol. 28 No� 3('/ Bulletin of the Medical Alumni Association The University of CJI!Cl'go", ,Division of the Biological Sciences and The Pritzker School of Medi�� "/,� f''''��; ,:"0� r k& t(' ,�, � "" !-'� �,hi .� ',� ;<>'" ,�: ((, -�� � �� ,c. i"r,1-::1�.�. Ii'�. ) �: ,r-r .:' ;:; � ::.:� '�.��.� . i: j ': ,;. ;'(I""'. -. I'If:.:' .<1-', ::, - :�': I �_.MAY 13 i914Cover: Dr. Werner H. Kirsten, Professor and Chairmanof the Department of Pathology, examines a specimen.Dr. Kirsten heads a department of 30 full-time facultymembers and seven joint-appointment members. In addition, there are 19 interns or residents, two fellows, andtwo graduate students.This "excellent diagnostic service," with its considerable service obligations to the University Hospitals andClinics, is featured this issue in a feature story by JamesStacey.In the current edition of the Division's Research inProgress, Dr. Kirsten writes:"The Department of Pathology aims to increase theunderstanding of disease processes through research,using experimental models of important pathologicalprocesses and through the careful examination of diseased human tissues and body fluids. A major part of itseffort and activities is to teach and train others to understand disease using the modem approaches of cell biology, molecular biology, biophysics, biochemistry, genetics, and microbiology."Its senior faculty consists of a balanced team ofteachers and investigators with interests and skills in thestudy of cancer, cardiovascular disease (with emphasison arteriosclerosis), immunopathological mechanisms,renal and electrolyte disorders, the fundamental processes of acute and chronic inflammation, endocrine imbalance, hematogenetics, hematopathology, pulmonarypathology, and gastrointestinal disease including nutritional and metabolic abnormalities."Medicine on the MidwayVolume 28, No.3, Winter, 1974Bulletin of the Medical Alumni Association ofThe University of Chicago Division of the BiologicalSciences and The Pritzker School of Medicine.Copyright 1974 by the Medical Alumni AssociationThe University of ChicagoEditor: Howard S. BimsonContributing Editor: James S. SweetPhotographers: Mel OsterLeslie TravisMedical A:lumni AssociationPresident: Catherine L. Dobson (Rush '30)President-Elect: Otto H. Trippel ('46)Vice-President: Henry P. Russe ('57)Secretary: Frank W. Fitch ('53)Executive Secretary: Katherine T. WolcottCouncil MembersJoseph Baron ('62)William Moses Jones ('31)Lauren Pachman (,61)Edward Paloyan ('56)Joseph H. Skom ('52)Francis H. Straus, II ('57) ContentsMcLean Institute Dedicated 4Cancer Research Center FundedDr. John E. Ultmann 8History of the School of MedicineDr. Sidney Schulman 12PathologyJames Stacey 16ProfileJoseph J. Ceithaml 20Wine and Cheese Party 23Doctors and Lawyers: War and PeaceBernard D. Meltzer 25News Briefs 31In Memoriam 33Departmental News 37Alumni News 413McLean Institute DedicatedArgonne Cancer Research Hospital BecomesFranklin Mclean Memorial Research InstituteOn December 12, 1973, the Argonne Cancer ResearchHospital was rededicated as the Franklin McLeanMemorial Research Institute. The new name for thefacility honors the first Chairman of the University's Department of Medicine and the first head of its clinics.At 10:30 a.m. on December 12, the Atomic EnergyCommission and the University co-sponsored a pressconference at the Sheraton Chicago hotel. Its purposewas to acquaint the public with programs in nuclearmedicine and other specialties of the Institute.Participants in the morning press conference includedDr. Alexander Gottschalk, Director of the McLean Institute and Professor of Radiology. He discussed Dr.McLean's contributions to the University and to scienceand introduced subsequent speakers.Eugene Goldwasser, Professor of Biochemistry, theMcLean Institute, and the Committee on DevelopmentalBiology, discussed his research on erythropoeitin. Thisplasma factor regulates the formation of red blood cells.Goldwasser is working in collaboration with the OakRidge National Laboratory in Tennessee.Dr. Paul V. Harper, Professor of Surgery, Radiology,and the McLean Institute, discussed the medical use ofnew radionuclides. He spoke specifically about the use ofradioactive ammonia in the diagnosis and treatment ofheart disease and about an isotope of Indium in tumorimaging. Dr. Harper has developed a mobile heart imaging facility which can be moved about the UniversityHospitals and Clinics by a tractor to a patient's bedside.Dr. Stanley Yachnin, Professor of Medicine(Hematology) and the McLean Institute, presented details of his ongoing development of an antiserum which is expected to be useful in identification of the origin ofabnormal lymphocytes in, for example, one type ofleukemia.Afternoon CermoniesDr. Charles E. Carter of the Atomic Energy Commission delivered the principal address when dedicationceremonies were held at 2:30 p.m. on December 12. Dr.Carter is manager of biomedical programs in the AEC'sDivision of Biomedical and Environmental Research. Hediscussed the role of centers such as the McLean Institute in the overall AEC program.Dr. Alexander Gottschalk, Director of the McLeanInstitute and Professor of Radiology, and Dr. Leon O.Jacobson, Dean of the Division and the Pritzker Schooland former Director of the Institute, opened the program.Dr. John H. Rust and Dr. Robert Rowland reminiscedabout Dr. McLean, with whom they were once associated. Dr. Rust is a Professor of Radiology andPharmacological and Physiological Sciences at the University. Dr. Rowland is director of the radiological andenvironmental research department at Argonne NationalLaboratory.At the conclusion of the dedication ceremonies, Mrs.McLean unveiled a photograph of her late husband in thelobby of the McLean Institute.Dr. Franklin C. McleanDr. Franklin C. McLean was a major figure in Chicagomedicine. From 1927 to 1932 he served as the first director of the University's clinics. His research ranged from4 Core of the linear accelerator, part of the radiation equipment at the McLean Institute. One ofthe few sucessful methods of treating cancer iswith ionizing radiation. The purposes of studiesinvolving the linear accelerator are to evaluatethe physical factors and biological effects of theelectrons it produces.renal function to radiobiology. He wrote more than 125articles and was the author or co-author of three majorbooks.Twenty years ago he founded the National MedicalFellowships, Inc., to provide opportunities in medicinefor blacks. The organization grew out of Dr. Mcl.ean'sclose association with the Julius Rosenwald Fund, forwhich Dr. McLean served as a trustee until the fund wasliquidated in the 1940s.Born in Maroa, Illinois, Dr. McLean received a B.S.degree from The University of Chicago in 1907 and anM.D. degree from Rush Medical College in 1910. Heearned an M.S. degree in pharmacology in 1912 and aPh.D. degree in physiology in 1915, both at The University of Chicago. After serving his internship at CookCounty Hospital, Dr. McLean taught pharmacology atthe University of Oregon, then studied for a year at theUniversities of Graz and Vienna.In 1914 he joined the staff of the Rockefeller Institutefor Medical Research in New York City. He was thereuntil 1916, when he became involved with the planning,building, and early operation of the Peking Union Medical College, Peking, China. This task occupied his timeuntil 1923. Then, he returned to The University ofChicago as a Professor of Medicine and took an activerole in the building of the University's Hospitals andClinics.In 1933 Dr. McLean resigned from clinical and administrative work to become a Professor of PathologicalPhysiology. His work in this area led to his selection asthe first Director of the Toxicity Laboratory, operated bythe Department of Pharmacology during World War II.During the war, Dr. McLean held the rank of colonel inthe chemical warfare service.During the immediate postwar period, he worked withseveral Atomic Energy Commission projects, includingthe Committee on Biology and Medicine of Argonne National Laboratory. He was an observer of the atomicbomb tests at Eniwetok in 1948.He became a Professor Emeritus of Physiology in1953, but he continued his avid interest and research activity in calcium metabolism and bone chemistry. In 1957Dr. McLean was awarded an honorary M.D. degreefrom the University of Lund, Sweden. The degree wasone of relatively few awarded to foreigners by theSwedish university. He was an emeritus trustee of FiskUniversity, Nashville, Tennessee, which he served from1951 to 1955 as chairman of the board of trustees.Dr. McLean received his two final professional honorsin 1967. He became the third recipient of the SteindlerAward, the highest honor bestowed by the OrthopedicResearch Society, and he presented an award lecture at the society's annual meeting. He was also awarded anhonorary degree from the University of Bordeau inFrance.Dr. McLean died on September 10, 1968, at the age of80. He was at that time a Professor Emeritus in theUniversity's Department of Physiology.At the time of Dr. McLean's retirement from clinicalwork in 1933, his colleagues presented him with an elaborate bookplate in the form of a Chinese rug with wovenpictures and inscriptions to signify the highlights of hisactivities at the age of 45. Prominent in that memorialwas an inscription, an inscription that served as well forthe final 35 years of his productive life as for the initialperiod: "He builds for others."Dr. Helen Vincent McLean, widow of Dr. Franklin McLean, at the unveiling of her husband's photograph.Argonne HospitalDeveloped by a Different CourseThe Argonne Cancer Research Hospital, like the Argonne National Laboratory, had its beginnings in theUnited States Office of Scientific and ResearchDevelopment's Metallurgical Laboratory at The University of Chicago, where the world's first controlled nuclear chain reaction was achieved on December 2, 1942.5As a result of these experiments, construction of atomicweapons became possible. Military designs and production facilities were taken over from the MetallurgicalLaboratory by the Manhattan District of the UnitedStates Engineering Corps and, for safety's sake, thesefacilities were moved out of the city to the forest preservejust south of Chicago, although many of the scientistsremained to carryon research at laboratories on the Un iversity campus. The Manhattan District was succeededby the United States Atomic Energy Commission in1946, and a permanent site in DuPage County, Illinois,was selected for the Argonne National Laboratory.The development of the Cancer Research Hospital followed a somewhat different course. The potential healthhazards encountered in working with radioisotopes hadbeen recognized, and biologists and clinicians on the faculty of The University of Chicago had been associatedwith the Metallurgical Laboratory from the beginning.While some of these scientists moved with the Manhattan District to the Argonne National Laboratory's site,many of them, particularly the clinicians, remained atThe University of Chicago campus. The University authorities, recognizing the expanding role that radioactivematerials were likely to play in biological and clinicalresearch, felt that it was important to consolidate theinformation and experience gained by the scientists associated with the Manhattan project, and were concerned that this experience should not be disipated butchanneled into fundamental and clinical research.Accordingly, in 1946 a plan for a hospital facility withassociated laboratories and animal quarters was drafted,the intention being that the University should providehalf the necessary funds, and seek federal assistance forthe remainder. The original plan was modified after consultations within the Division of Biological Sciences ofthe University, and since Public Health Service fundswere available for the construction 'of cancer and heartdisease facilities, it was determined that the laboratoryhospital should be a cancer isotope hospital.A formal proposal requesting financial assistance for aDr. James Carpender (right) and Dr. LesterSkaggs, Professor of Radiology and the McLeanInstitute, in the cobalt therapy unit (7960). new building to investigate the effect of radioactive material on normal and neoplastic growth in man and experimental animals was therefore submitted to the N ational Cancer Institute in August, 1947. At about thistime, Congress made its first appropriations for the newAtomic Energy Commission and unexpectedly includedseveral million dollars for cancer research and facilitiesutilizing atomic energy. On the advice of the NationalCancer Institute, the University then made contact withthe Division of Biology and Medicine of the UnitedStates Atomic Energy Commission. After some preliminary discussions, an Atomic Energy Commission advisory committee met on the campus of The University ofChicago in January, 1948, and in February the University was informed that the construction of the proposedhospital unit was approved and recommended to theAtomic Energy Commission. A letter contract enteredinto between the United States Government and TheUniversity of Chicago, dated June 28, 1948, provided forthe construction and equipment, at government expense,of a laboratory and hospital for biological and clinicalinvestigation in the field of cancer with radioactive materials, and for the advanced training of personnel in thatfield at The University of Chicago. The agreement wenton to state that "the operation, maintenance, and administration of the laboratory and hospital, to be knownas the Argonne Cancer Research Hospital, will beunique and novel in nature and scope, and by reason ofthe location of said laboratory and hospital on the University campus adjacent to other laboratory and hospitalfacilities operated by the University, and because of theinvestigation and research now being conducted by theUniversity in physical, biological, and medical researchin the field of atomic energy, the University is particularly qualified to undertake such work."The DuPage County site of the Argonne NationalLaboratory had at one time been suggested as the logicallocation for the hospital, but this plan had been abandoned because of the additional administrative burdenthat it would have placed upon the director of the Ar-6gonne National Laboratory. A site on the Universitycampus within the medical complex and the name "Argonne Cancer Research Hospital" were finally approved. The use of the word" Argonne" in the titles ofboth institutions has lead to a certain amount of confusion: the Argonne Cancer Research Hospital is operatedentirely by University of Chicago staff and is responsibleto the Division of Biology and Medicine of the AtomicEnergy Commission. All budgeting and direction arecompletely independent of the Argonne NationalLaboratory.Detailed working drawings for the new building werecompleted by October 1, 1948. The cost estimate was$3.5 million with an additional million dollars for equipment. Ground was broken for the building in 1950, thefirst patient was admitted in January, 1953, and the hospital was formally opened in March of that year. The operation cost for the first year was about $1.1 million. Therewas no subsidy from the University; the entire costs,including the operation were provided by the AtomicEnergy Commission.The hospital, which forms part of the University ofChicago Hospitals and Clinics, has eight floors with atotal area of 102,500 square feet. Two floors, with a totalof 54 beds, are devoted to clinical research. The remaining six floors are given over to research laboratories, highenergy radiation equipment, electronic and machineshops, and an animal farm.The 60 scientists who comprise the academic staff ofthe hospital hold joint appointments in the Division of theBiological Sciences (which includes the University medical school and clinics) of The University of Chicago, andare engaged in research and teaching. In addition to thesescientists, there are 136 technicians, nurses, and nontechnical laboratory personnel.The purpose and program of the hospital are directedtoward the exploitation of high energy sources for thetreatment of malignancies, the study of the biological effects of radiation, the use of radioisotopes as tracers inthe study of normal and disease states, and in the diag- nosis and therapy of disease. In general, research at thehospital forms an integral part of the program of the Division of the Biological Sciences of the University. Closerelations are also maintained with the Argonne NationalLaboratory, and with other research laboratories supported by the United States Atomic Energy Commission.Visiting research scientists from all over the world, aswell as from other institutions in the United States, regularly spend time in the laboratories at the hospital, andthe availability of the entire science faculty of The University of Chicago has been invaluable in broadening thescope and understanding of the many research projects.It is impossible to stress too strongly the value that aworking scientist in the clinics or in the laboratory derives from having immediately at hand advice and opinion in the fields impinging on his own. The practice ofencouraging the participation of graduate and undergraduate students in medicine and biology in the variousresearch programs has proved of great value. It has alsoled to the training of large numbers of faculty and students in the use of radioisotopes in research, diagnosis,and treatment of various disease states.The association of the Argonne Cancer ResearchHospital with The University of Chicago has been a veryfruitful one. Here, to be consulted at will, are teachingand research anatomists, biochemists, biophysicists,chemists, physiologists, physicists, and mathematicians.Their joint collaboration insures that the results of theresearch carried out will be properly evaluated, whetherfor application in the clinic, or in elucidating a deeperunderstanding of the work already carried out, and thework that still remains to be done. It is axiomatic inscientific research that no door opened is the final one,but that each leads to a wider vista of our knowledge andunderstandingThe material above is taken from Argonne Cancer Research Hospital, a 1965 report for the Atomic EnergyCommission.Patient receiving therapeutic radiation in theMaxitron Two-Fifty x-ray machine, used mostlyfor breast cancer therapy (1957).7Cancer Research Center FundedNational Cancer Institute FundsUCCRC Operation and ConstructionThe University of Chicago Cancer Research Center received on October 23, 1973, a three-year, $4.3 millionoperational grant from the National Cancer Institute.Previously, on August 21, the institute had awarded$4,291,352 in a matching grant for construction and renovation of Center facilities (see Vol. 28, No.2, p. 37).The operational grant announced in October was thesecond step in a federally funded plan to develop thecancer center at the University under the expanded anticancer program authorized by the National Cancer Research Act passed by Congress in 1971. NCI's NationalCancer Plan is a $1.5 billion federal attack on the disease.First-year funding under the operational grant to theUniversity is $1.7 million for the period which began onNovember 1, 1973. Recommended NCI funding for twoadditional years may bring the operational total to$4,313,750. According to Edward H. Levi, President ofthe University, these initial grants will make possible thecoordination and expansion of the efforts of almost 100faculty members and their staffs now doing cancer research.Each year, more than 800 new cancer patients are registered in The University of Chicago Hospitals andClinics. Cooperation of other area hospitals in establishing a "new referral pattern," plus expansion of facilitiesfor patient care, is expected to increase the present patient registration to 1 ,200 a year in five years.Primary objectives of the Center are: (1) to expandresearch in the causes and prevention of cancer, in earlydiagnosis, and in therapy of cancer; (2) to expand educational programs, including those for practicing physicians; (3) to offer consultation services in selected areasof specialization; and (4) to broaden use of the uniquefacilities of the University hospitals and the concentration of expertise of the faculty through development ofnew referral patterns for cancer patients from other hospitals. Fifteen area hospitals, in addition to MichaelReese Hospital, have expressed interest in participatingin the new referral program of the Center.New "outreach" to assist doctors in treating cancerpatients will be developed by a new Center for ClinicalEvaluation, based on the University's present Registryof Neoplastic Diseases, which was begun in 1951. It willoffer statistical consultation, computer analysis of current data derived from treatment programs, and computerized data systems for patient records.Most of all, the new federal operational funding willsupport 20 principal investigators and their work in various frontiers of cancer research. The work covers the8 disciplines of cell biology, virology, clinical research, andtumor immunology. Major projects and their principalinvestigators include:Hewson H. Swift, Professor of Biology and Pathologyand Chairman of the Department of Biology, on "Control Mechanisms in Normal and Neoplastic Cells."Aron A. Moscona, Professor of Biology, and EugeneGoldwasser, Professor of Biochemistry, on "The CellSurface and Cellular Interactions in the Regulation ofGrowth and Differentiation."Colin G. D. Morley, Assistant Professor of Medicine,on "The Biochemical Control of Cell Growth."Dr. Theodore L. Steck, Assistant Professor ofMedicine, on "Organization of Lipids in Plasma Membranes. "Bernard Roizman, Professor of Biophysics, Microbiology, and the Committee on Genetics, on "TheRole of Herpes Virus in Human Cancer."Bernard S. Strauss, Professor of Microbiology and theCommittee on Genetics, and Nicholas Co zzarelli,Assistant Professor of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and theCommittee on Genetics and in the College, on "HumanLymphocyte Proliferation and E-B Virus Induction."Elwood V. Jensen, Director of the Ben May Laboratory for Cancer Research and the Biomedical Center forPopulation Research and Professor of Physiology, andEdgar M. Moran, Assistant Professor of Medicine, on a"Breast Cancer Program: A Multidisciplinary Approachto Its Study and Treatment."Dr. Bernard Levin, Assistant Professor of Medicine,on "A Comprehensive Approach to Cancer of theColon. "Dr. Leslie J. DeGroot, Professor of Medicine, on"Prevention, Detection, and Control of RadiationInduced Thyroid Cancer."Dr. Werner H. Kirsten, Professor and Chairman ofPathology and Professor of Pediatrics and the Committee on Genetics, on "Neoplasia in Childhood."Dr. Donald Pearson, Assistant Professor of Surgery,Radiology, and the Franklin McLean Memorial Research Institute, on a "Comprehensive Approach toGlioma Therapy."Dr. Mojmir Sonek, Associate Professor of Obstetricsand Gynecology, on "Management and Study ofOvarian Carcinoma."Dr. Nicholas J. Gross, Assistant Professor ofMedicine, on an "Approach to Immunotherapy of LungCancer. "Dr. Armando R. Orlina, Co-Acting Director, MichaelReese Research Foundation and Blood Center(MRRFBC); Kenneth C. Robbins, Director. Biochemistry Section, MRRFBC; and Dr. Bernard St odskv,Acting Director, MRRFBC; on "The Celltrifuge and theContinuous Flow Electrophoretic Cell Separator."Nien-chu C. Yang, Professor of Chemistry, on "Application of High Resolution N MR Spectroscopy toCancer Research."Melvin L. Griem, Professor of Radiology and theFranklin McLean Memorial Research Institute, on the"Center for Clinical Evaluation" and the "Computerized Oncology Radiation and Data System(CORADS). "The total building program for the Center involves aninvestment of $8,266,000. Under the terms of the August21 federal construction grant of $4.3 million, the University must raise additional private funds to match and supplement the government contribution. Gifts and pledgesof approximately $2 million have been received towardthe project, Edward H. Levi, President of the University, said. The University is seeking an additional $2.3million from private sources.U Itman n Directs Cancer CenterDr. John E. Ultmann, Professor in the Department ofMedicine in the University'S Division of the BiologicalSciences and The Pritzker School of Medicine, is theDirector of the new Cancer Research Center.Dr. Ultmann is also Director of Clinical Oncology inthe Franklin C. McLean Memorial Research Institute(formerly the Argonne Cancer Research Hospital). Hejoined the University faculty in 1968 as an Associate Professor of Medicine and became Director of Clinical Oncology the same year. In 1970 he was appointed Professor of Medicine.His major professional interest has been in the area ofthe diagnosis and management of patients with lymphoma. This work follows many years of active clinicaland laboratory research in the broad area of thepathophysiology of neoplastic disease and the biochemistry of abnormal growth.Dr. Ultmann was born in Vienna in 1925 and came tothe United States in 1938. After attending the BronxHigh School of Science in New York, he served threeyears in the U.S. Army in Europe. Upon his return, heattended Oberlin College from 1946 to 1948 and thengraduated from Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1952. He took his internship andresidency, including a hematology fellowship, at the NewYork Hospital, Cornell Medical Center, from 1952 to1955.After his return to Columbia University in 1956 as afaculty member, Dr. Ultmann became associated withDr. Alfred Gellhorn at the Francis Delafield Hospital Dr. John E. Ultmann.and Cancer Research Institute. In collaboration withother members of the Institute, he contributed to theknowledge of the mechanism of anemia in cancer andlymphoma, chemotherapy of neoplastic disease,biochemistry of leukemic cells, and the pathophysiologicchanges in patients with cancer or lymphoma. Hisstudies were supported by a career award of the HealthResearch Council of the City of New York and the N ational Cancer Institute.Dr. Ultmann is a Fellow of the American College ofPhysicians, as well as a member of the American Federation for Cancer Research, and the American Society ofHematology. He has served on the National LymphomaTask Force and is at present a consultant for the Diagnostic Research Activities Group of the National CancerInstitute and a consultant on the International UnionAgainst Cancer.Testimony Before the HouseDr. John E. Ultmann , Professor of Medicine and Director of The University of Chicago Cancer ResearchCenter, presented the statement printed below on February 6, 1974. The testimony was for the House Subcommittee on Public Health and Environment of theU.S. Congress. Representative Paul G. Rogers ofFlorida is chairman of the subcommittee,Dr. Ultmann was one of a number of treatmentspecialists, center directors, and others who testified hefore the subcommittee, whose parent committee is theHouse Committee on Interstate lind Foreign Commerce.9The testimony itself is a good introduction to implementation plans for the Cancer Research Center at the Un i-I deeply appreciate the opportunity to testify before thisCommittee regarding our experience in expanding cancerresearch, care, education, and outreach programs as aresult of the National Cancer Act of 1971.The state of Illinois has a population of over 11 millionpeople. Of these, an estimated 60,000 will require treatment for cancer this year. An estimated 35,000 of ourcitizens will die of cancer during this year. There are anumber of medical schools in the area. Later in mystatement I shall discuss cooperative programs withthese schools. * .The University of Chicago is a private institution located on the South Side of Chicago. The Pritzker Schoolof Medicine is a part of the University's graduate Division of the Biological Sciences. We have the unique feature of a full-time staff, devoted entirely to patient care,teaching, and research. The Pritzker School of Medicinehas over 150 basic scientists and 279 clinical faculty aswell as 247 interns and residents.The hospitals of The University of Chicago have 681beds. Last year, we had approximately 18,500 admissions, 220,000 out-patient visits, and 120,000 emergencyroom visits. Normally, in a 680-bed general hospital, oneexpects to see approximately 600 new cancer patients peryear. In our institution in 1971 we saw over 1,200 newcancer patients.long Tradition of Cancer ResearchThe University has had a long tradition of performingcancer research:In 1942, prompted by the atomic energy experiments,there was intense interest at this University in cancer.In 1951, under the leadership of one of our Nobel Prizewinners, Dr. Charles Huggins, the Ben May Laboratoryfor Cancer Research was founded. These extensivelaboratories concentrate on basic hormone research related to cancer.In 1953, the Argonne Cancer Research Hospital wasbuilt under the Atomic Energy Commission. Scientistsand physicians there concentrate on radiation physicsand biology, radiotherapy, nuclear medicine, leukemiaand lymphoma, and biochemistry.For a number of years, a large commitment to researchin carcinogenesis, the causes of cancer, has been in progress. In addition, there have been multiple clinical cancerresearch projects and significant educational efforts involving our medical students, and hospital staff, andphysicians in the community. Our annual expenditures in1971 for cancer research were approximately $5.8 million. Of this, $1.4 million came from private sources. Thebalance came from public funds, primarily from the National Cancer Institute and the Atomic Energy Commission.*Northwestern, University of Illinois, Chicago Medical School,Loyola, Rush, Southern Illinois, Osteopathic, The University ofChicago.10 Interdisciplinary Program PlanningI should like next to turn to an analysis of what thegranting of funds for the implementation of a Cancer Research Center at The University of Chicago has accomplished.Let me first review the application process for theCenter. In preparing our application to the NationalCancer Institute, more than one hundred of our basicscience and clinical faculty got together early in 1972 anddeveloped task forces to analyze our strengths andweaknesses. They asked: "How can we best expand ourefforts in this field?"This book, which contains 1 ,215 pages of accumulateddata, is a blueprint-in a red cover-of our projectedwork for the next few years. In it, we proposed 20 programs, consisting of over 60 individual projects. We believe these projects deal with the most important research opportunities in those areas where we have particular competence. These projects are in the basic sciences and the clinical areas and are characterized by theirinterdisciplinary, or team, character.May I state my conviction that the problem of canceris not going to be solved by a single man at a singlemoment in time. We believe that we must accommodatethe available minds to interact with each other, day byday, bit by bit, to resolve this terrible problem of cancer.I would like to enumerate some of the areas of ourstrength and to indicate to you the potential benefitswhich will derive from our expanded efforts. In virologywe have four projects which have undergone major expansion. We are concentrating in particular on twohuman cancers which we believe are closely related to, ifnot in fact caused by, viruses. One problem involves thepossible role of herpes virus in the causation of cancer ofthe cervix in women. Another involves an understandingof lymphocyte proliferation in response to the so-calledEB-or Epstein-Barr-e-virus which may cause somelymphomas in man.A second area is immunology. We are trying to understand the characteristics of individuals who are able toresist cancer despite exposure to carcinogens--cancercausing substances-and also of others who fail to resistand succumb to a cancer. We hope to be able to identifyways in which the immune apparatus of the human bodycan resist existing cancer and how to use immunologicaltechniques to treat cancer.A third area in which we were able to make a majorexpansion under the cancer center grant is in the area ofbiology. Unlike the situations involving the atom bomband the moon shot, where a great deal of information wasalready available and ready for application, in cancermuch of the fundamental work remains to be done.It was our assessment that in understanding normaland abnormal cell growth a major contribution could bemade. Thus, we persuaded a distinguished team ofbiologists to devote their time to an analysis of control Imechanisms in normal and cancer cells. This work oftenemploys human cancer cells, giving us a better understanding of human cancer today.In the area of carcinogenesis, our expansion under thecancer center grant was considerably more modest, because we had already accumulated a great deal of talentand monetary support. We chose to introduce these expert individuals into new interdisciplinary projects sothat others would utilize their extensive knowledge ofcarcinogenesis. Other interdisciplinary programs are inthe areas of breast cancer, colon cancer, thyroid cancer,tumors of childhood, and ovarian cancer.All of these programs consist of teams of clinicianswho are experts in intricate diagnostic techniques and insurgical, radiotherapeutic, and chemotherapeuticspecialities. These clinical teams interact almost dailywith experts in biochemistry, immunology, pharmacology, ultra-structure-the study of life processes at themolecular level-and other basic disciplines. We believethat from this type of approach, which lends itself souniquely to our University, many concrete results willcome in the next few years.Budgeting for Research and FacilitiesOur research budget for the current fiscal year of theCancer Research Center is $1.7 million. We ferventlyhope that the proposed budgets for the succeeding twoyears will be funded. Fortunately, the National CancerInstitute experts agreed with us that our center projectrequired some construction and alterations. These wereapplied for at the same time as the research program.The matching program for construction from the government consisted of $4.3 million. Many donors in ourcommunity came to our help with not just the minimummatching sum of $1.7 million, but in fact considerablymore. So, we have been able to launch a major expansionprogram, including a new Cancer Virology Building,which will encompass the newest concepts in handlingcancer viruses. Other expenditures cover alterations infacilities devoted to biology, developmental biology,radiotherapy, surgical pathology and two other basic science disciplines.Outreach ProgramsIn addition to these programs in clinical as well asbasic science, we are planning major community outreach programs. We have submitted to the NationalCancer Institute a plan for cancer control and in facthave recently been site-visited for these programs.A program in cancer nursing will give nurses fromcommunity hospitals an opportunity to get intensivetraining in nursing of cancer patients. Expansion of aprogram on the psychological aspects of cancer care willhelp patients, families, paramedical personnel, nurses,physicians, clergy, and social workers to cope with thepsychological aspects of cancer.Expansion of our gynecological cancer detection program will be done through an outreach program ofcytological (pap smear) testing and by making availableour extensive cytology computer program. Expansion ofour resources in gastrointestinal carcinoma for early detection and better management programs in communityhospitals will be realized. In addition, we are planning amaxilofacial rehabilitation education program.The University of Chicago has a Committee on Com- munity and Hospital Affairs which is University-wide,with representation from a variety of disciplines, including social services, hospital administration specialistsfrom the Graduate School of Business, and of course, thehospitals and the medical school. This committee and myoffice are working hand in hand to implement outreachprograms even before this additional funding becomesavailable. Four hospitals have already been brought intoour program, and we plan, if funded, to bring at least fourhospitals per year over the next four or five years into ourprogram.Cooperation with Other Schools and AgenciesIn closing, I should like to tell you that The Universityof Chicago has worked with the other medical schoolsregarding the problem of cancer in the state of Illinoisand near-by Indiana areas. The deans of the local medical schools have collaborated for many years, meetingmonthly to discuss mutual problems. In January, 1973,Dr. John Brewer of Northwestern University, Dr.Samuel Taylor of Rush Medical School, and I met andurged the deans to constitute a committee that would callitself the Greater Chicago Cancer Council to take aninterest in inter-institutional affairs.We soon learned that others outside of Chicago wereinterested to join and expanded the committee. I amhappy to report that on January 24, 1974, we incorporated as the Illinois Cancer Council and that a board oftrustees is now functioning. Our aim is to bring aboutrational patterns of medical care for diagnosis and treatment of cancer, enhance collaborative effort in research,and expand educational efforts in cancer in this region.Amongst the things which we plan to do, if funded forthis effort, is to plan a regional registry, support clinicalcancer research at the National Accelerator Laboratory,Batavia, Illinois, launch state-wide educational programsin cancer diagnosis and treatment, launch demonstrationprojects in diagnostic clinics, and support similar desirable regional activities.A Rational PlanLadies and Gentlemen, I would like to summarizewhat the National Cancer Act of 1971 has accomplishedto date at our University for the citizens of our state. Wehave come forward, in my opinion, with a rational planfor cancer care for our citizens. We are developing, withother schools, a regional plan.Our basic and clinical scientists have responded splendidly to the challenge of the cancer plan and have increased their efforts towards solution of the cancer problem. I believe that the funds which have been allocated tous are going to be spent in a most worthwhile manner toachieve the goals of the National Cancer Act.Mr. Chairman, I hope that this funding will continue,and in fact in all truth I must tell you that I am planningfor the second year of our cancer center to ask for additional funds, for this reason: I see many areas in whichwe can further benefit our people. We hope that Congress will stand ready to support such expansion with theappropriate enabling legislation and the appropriatebudgetary provisions.11History of theSchool of MedicineAddress to the Entering ClassSeptember 27, 1973Dr. Sidney SchulmanBy now you have read the brochures and the course announcements of the University and its medical school,and you have met and spoken with some of the faculty,administrative officers, and students. I wouldn't be surprised if you were rather bored by the many claims youhave heard about how wonderful and unique this medicalschool is. When I was an entering freshman I was asskeptical about this as some of you must be. Later, as theyears in school went by, and afterward during my internship and residency, which I also took here, I gave thematter little thought. I remained ignorant of the unusualconditions of my existence even during the early part ofmy career as a junior faculty- member in the Departmentof Medicine.But eventually, when I came to be more like a modernprofessor and traveled around the country to attendmeetings and to visit other medical schools, I found outmore about the uniqueness of The University ofChicago. When you meet your new friends on the faculties of other medical schools, they ask you questions,questions like, "Where do you see your private patients ?"And you reply, "What private patients?"Where do you see your ward patients?""What ward patients?""How do you travel across the city to get from one ofyour school's hospitals to another?""We have only one hospital, and it's on the campus ofthe University.""How do you deal with the board of directors of thehospital and the politicians who run it?""There is no board of directors and there are nopoliticians-at least no professional ones."Questions like these, and others that have to do morewith the actual academic habits and style of our school,make one realize that the place is, in fact, different fromother schools, and they naturally make one wonder howit got that way.The school in its present form dates back 46 years toOctober 3, 1927, but the beginnings of the school gomuch further back in the history of the Midwest, back to1837, when a frontier village of 4,000 people was granteda charter as the city of Chicago with William B. Ogden asthe first mayor. It was in that year that a surgeon fromPhiladelphia, Daniel Brainard, came to Chicago on horseback and founded a medical school, which he calledRush College of Medicine, after Dr. Benjamin Rush, thefirst great American physician, a member of the Second12 Continental Congress, signer of the Declaration of Independence, and probably "house physician" to that Congress. At least it is known that Thomas Jefferson consulted him about his headaches.Like most other medical schools in the 19th century inthis country, the Rush College of Medicine was a proprietary school, not associated with any University. Itwas located first in a shed attached to Brainard's home,then in a building on the north side of the city. Finally,after that structure burned to the ground in the greatChicago fire of 1871, the school was relocated on thewest side of the city next to the Cook County Hospital.In most states in the 19th century, the requirements fora license to practice medicine were variations on the preceptor theme. In Illinois there were two years of studywith, as it was said in those days, "a respectable physician," and two courses of lectures of four months each ata college of medicine. There is on file in the Illinois Department of Education and Registration an amusing, succinct document certifying that one, Harold N. Moyer,"is qualified to practice medicine." Moyer had servedwith Dr. Hall as his preceptor for more than the requiredtwo years, stabling the doctor's horse, driving his buggy,and mixing his therapeutic concoctions, and he was becoming impatient waiting for Dr. Hall to give him therequired written statement that he was eligible for alicense. Finally, Moyer mustered the courage to ask Dr.Hall if he thought the time had come for the certificate.Hall said yes, of course, turned to his desk, wrote it out,and handed it to young Moyer. Dr. Hall had written asfollows:This certifies that Harold N. Moyer has studiedmedicine under my direction for more than twoyears. I consider him qualified for a license to practice. His moral character is as good as that of theaverage medical student.Moyer, offended by this, asked Dr. Hall whether thatwas the best he could do. Dr. Hall replied that if Moyerdidn't like it, he should write it himself, whereuponMoyer took the pen and wrote:This certifies that Harold N. Moyer has studiedmedicine under my direction for more then twoyears. I consider him qualified for a license to practice. His moral character is as good as can be expected under the circumstances.As for the two courses of lectures at the Rush Collegeof Medicine, the second was an exact repetition of thefirst. From time to time some of Brainard's faculty suggested that the second course of lectures should be madea little different, more advanced than the first. Brainardrefused on the grounds that the school would lose students that way, because they would find it too difficult.This may seem like a rather shabby set-up to you, butRush was among the better of the 160 or so proprietaryschools in the country at the time, and besides, the tuition was only $65.00. In any case around 1880 the RushCollege of Medicine entered into an era of progressivedevelopment, with increasingly high standards for admission, a lengthening of the curriculum, eventually to fouryears in the 1890's, and even some formal instruction inthe basic sciences in a newly constructed building housing laboratories for the purpose. At the same time thequality of the faculty of Rush became so outstanding thatthis school had become the strongest medical school inthe West. As one of its distinguished graduates once remarked, "For every illustrious faculty name claimed byother schools, Rush had at least a half a dozen in everydepartment. In surgery, there were Christian Fenger,Nicholas Senn, Arthur Dean Bevan, Dean Lewis, andDallas Phemister; in medicine, Frank Billings, JamesHerrick, George Dick, Ernest Irons, Bertram Sippy; andin pathology, Ludwig Hektoen."From the BeginningThese developments at Rush occurred in the last twodecades of the 19th century, a time when another remarkable event took place. It was in 1892 that The University of Chicago opened its doors to its first students.What was remarkable about this was that the Universityappeared abruptly on the scene in American higher education, completely decked-out as a college and a university with a distinguished faculty from its beginning. Eventhe architecture of its newly constructed buildings gavethem an air of ripened tradition, which somehow seemedirresistably authentic. Simplifying a complicated storydrastically, I will say that The University of Chicago wasthe astonishingly precipitous result of a mixture of forcesand a small handful of men. The forces were principally:(1) the vigorous rebirth of the city of Chicago after thegreat fire of 1871, and (2) a discontent among the northernBaptist establishment about the number and quality ofBaptist colleges in this country. In some way, the detailsof which I do not know, John D. Rockefeller, a layBaptist of New York, and Thomas W. Goodspeed, aclerical Baptist of Chicago, joined with a brilliant youngprofessor of linguistics and ancient semitic languages atYale University, William Rainey Harper. WithGoodspeed's devotion to the city of Chicago,Rockefeller's generosity, and Harper's genius for successfully raiding the faculties of other institutions, thesethree men founded The University of Chicago in 1892,with Harper as its first president.From the very beginning the faculty was truly outstanding in almost all of the academic areas. It was withina few years that A. A. Michelson measured the speed oflight on this campus, that modem algebra was quietlyworked out in the Department of Mathematics here, and,to confine ourselves to the sciences, Amos Alonzo Staggdiscovered the end run, the T-formation, and the lateralpass. Ifthis afternoon you go to a place just off the centerof campus, behind the old Kent chemistry laboratory,and look up at the second story level of the south wall ofa building called Culver Hall, you will see a tall, narrowwindow in the center ofthe wall. It was with that windowas a light source that the first professor of physiology,Jaques Loeb, the model for Sinclair Lewis's ProfessorGottlieb, systematically demonstrated the facts of phototropism in plants and animals for the first time.As for the others in the biological sciences at the beginning, or soon afterward, there were Donaldson and C.J. Herrick, the neuroanatomists. Herrick was the man who set forth the fundamental ground plan of the twelvecranial nerves in the vertebrate brain; C. O. Whitman,the zoologist, was the first ecologist in the modern senseof the term; R. R. Bensley, the anatomist, was the first tosee, describe, and specifically stain mitochondria; andstill later , but yet early from your point of view and mine,there were Koch in biochemistry; Carlson and Luckhardtin physiology; and Ralph Gerard in neurophysiology, theman who invented the microelectrode for recording fromindividual muscle and nerve cells; and Geiling in pharmacology, Jordan in bacteriology, and Maximow andBloom in histology. Bloom later became the author ofnine editions of the most widely used textbook of histology in the world.From the beginning then, it is obvious that The University of Chicago had outstanding departments in thebasic biological sciences before it had a medical school ofany kind, 35 years before it had an entire school exclusively its own and 18 years before the famous Flexnerreport on medical education in 1910, which deplored thelack of anything like laboratory departments in the basicbiological sciences for the instruction of medical studentsin the great majority of American medical schools.From the time of the founding of the University, it wasHarper's idea that it would have a medical school eventually, one that was part 'of the University, not just"affiliated" with it in the superficial or even spurious waythat had become customary throughout the country, amedical school in which the basic biological scienceswould be taught by University Departments ofBiochemistry, Physiology, Anatomy, Pharmacology,and Bacteriology, and in which the clinical subjectswould be taught in University Departments of Medicine,Surgery, Pediatrics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology.The teachers in the clinical departments were to be fulltime, salaried faculty members of the University, just asthe basic science faculty were.Dr. Frank Billings,13Billings Hospital (1927).But this radical vision of medicine as a scholarly university discipline was to be postponed until almost 20years after Harper's death. Toward the end of the 1890s,President Harper was approached first by Fletcher Ingals, an ear, nose, and throat specialist and dean of theRush College of Medicine, and then by Dr. Frank Billings, who succeeded Ingals as dean, to discuss a possible affiliation between Rush and The University ofChicago. This would mean the joining together of a fulltime basic science faculty at the University with a parttime clinical faculty with hospital facilities on the otherside of town-clearly not what Harper wanted for theUniversity. His original plan would never be fulfilleduntil a full-time clinical faculty could be accommodatedin a teaching hospital on the campus of the University.On the other hand, Harper was aware of how difficultit would be to raise enough money to accomplish this forsome time to come. For one thing, Mr. Rockefeller hadalready been extremely generous, and now he had become involved in establishing the Rockefeller Institutefor Medical Research in New York. In any event, withconflicting advice from various people but withRockefeller's final blessing, Harper did bring about anaffiliation between the Rush College of Medicine andThe University of Chicago in 1900. Now, there was amedical school. The students took their preclinicalcourses on the campus of the University on the SouthSide, and their clinical clerkships in the second and thirdyears at Rush on the West Side, where the clinicalfacilities of County and Presbyterian Hospitals wereused for the purpose. This was an affiliation that was tolast for some 40 years.The Magnificent ManDuring the period from 1900 to about 1920, the Dean ofthe Faculty of the Rush College of Medicine of The U ni-14 Early equipment used in the hospital isexemplified by this Kelley-Koett fluoroscope.versity of Chicago, as it was called, was Frank Billings,the leading internist in Chicago, a magnificent man intellectually, morally, and in his physical presence; a forceful, commanding figure, and yet, I would gather fromhearing and reading about him, a very human sort ofman, lovable and not infallible. If there is anyone personwho can be said to have been the architect of medicaleducation at this medical school, it is Frank Billings.Billings was brought up in the universal tradition of thelast half of the 19th century in medical education-thetradition of didactic lectures and amphitheater-type clinical demonstrations and showmanship. But he knew thathis own clinical judgment did not come from that, thoughhe had been exposed to it in the best places in this country and in London, Paris, and Vienna.It came instead from his experience with the problemsof his own patients after his formal education was over.His aim was not to eliminate lectures and clinical demonstrations entirely. He knew that nothing could substitute for a good clinical lecture in providing perspectiveand appropriate emphasis, and he was aware of the special way in which the demonstration of a patient by alearned professor could stimulate everybody's interest.If the professor happened to have a bag of dramatictricks, so much the better. But this kind of learning ispassive and artifically distant from the patient, and Billings was convinced that it should not any longer make upthe bulk of the way medicine was learned.Billings divided and subdivided the medical schoolclass into groups of two or three, and he saw to it thateach student spoke with the patient and examined himalone and in this way gained intimacy with the nakedfacts of life, health, and disease that a physician cannotdo without. From this personal contact with his patient,the student, with his own powers of observation, his ownrecourse to the literature and to the laboratory, and hisown capacity for synthesis, was to arrive at a diagnosisand a plan of treatment. After all, this is what medicine isabout, and what better time to start learning it than inmedical school? This way of learning medicine is now sogeneral that it is taken for granted, but you should knowthat it was not always so, and it began here.In 1916, eight years after President Harper's death andafter something of a decent interval had passed since Mr.Rockefeller's original support for the founding of theUniversity, he was approached again, this time for helpin building a hospital on the campus to fulfill Harper'sdream. Mr. Rockefeller responded with an offer of twomillion dollars, provided the University could get threeand a half million from other sources. This was a stifforder, but within less than a year, more than the threeand a half million in matching funds had been pledged,practically entirely through the efforts of Frank Billings.One million of this came from the estate of Frank'suncle, the wealthy Chicago industrialist Albert MerrittBillings; who had died in 1897. Frank Billings himselfgave one hundred thousand.In spite of this there was further delay because of thefirst World War and Frank Billings's service with thearmy in Europe. It was not until 1925 that the architect'sdrawings were completed and construction was begun.The doors of The University of Chicago Hospitals andClinics, including the Albert Merritt Billings Hospital,were opened in October, 1927.The Rush College of Medicine retained its affiliationwith The University of Chicago until 1938, so that students then had the option, after completing their freshman and sophomore years, of getting their clinical instruction here on campus at The University of ChicagoHospitals and Clinics, or at Rush on the West Side.Eventually, there seemed to be no point in further continuing this relationship, and the Rush College ofMedicine became associated with the University of Illinois. In 1941 Rush went out of existence entirely butnot permanently; it was re-established just a few yearsago as an independent medical school in Chicago. I amaware that in one detached sense all institutions are abstractions, and I do not wish to appear stupidly sentimental, but I cannot help saying that I wish this revival of theRush College of Medicine every conceivable success.The present University of Chicago school of medicine*owes that institution a tangible and intellectual debt thatcan never be discharged.Choice SpiritsMy connection with The University of Chicago schoolof medicine began 30 years ago, when the original clinicalfaculty of the opening few years were still here. Whenthey came they were in their early thirties. When I entered this school as a freshman they were in their forties.Three of them are still here-Drs. Douglas Buchanan,Charles Huggins, and Henry Ricketts. The rest are gone;·The University of Chicago School of Medicine became The PritzkerSchool of Medicine in 1968. some like Drs. Walter Palmer, Lester Dragstedt, Howard Hatcher, and Paul Hodges are still active in teaching,research, or practice elsewhere; others are retired; stillothers are deceased. They were themselves a distinguished group, many of them graduates of Rush, part ofthe debt I just mentioned; all of them had a certain quality that I have not seen again so liberally distributedamong the faculty of any medical school, somethingindefinable in any brief way, except by a phrase thatkeeps recurring to me when I think of them, and whichmay be meaningless to anyone else, but I will say it toyou anyway: They were "intellectually well bred."Any attempt I might make to set out for you the detailsof the "modern history" of the school, say the last 20years (which seem to me more like five), would be toosubjective to be appropriate. I can pass on a fewgeneralities however: The school has changed in thisperiod in ways that one would expect. It is bigger, but notyet too big. It is more bureaucratic unfortunately andinevitably, yet it still has more personal atmosphere thanmost other medical schools I have visited. Many curriculum committees have come and gone, but thechanges they have made in the format, necessitated bythe expansion of biomedical knowledge, have not displaced the Billings idea from its position of dominance. Itis this expansion of knowledge since World War II thathas made the most important change of all.In the 1940s much of the study time of the students inthe clinical years was given over to pondering the observations of the masters of clinical medicine and of pathology from the period extending roughly between 1875 and1940. The atmosphere had the cozy, leisurely glow thatcomes with that kind of study. In the 1950s the enormousadvances in molecular biology brought with them the excitement of more analytical and activist ways of thinkingabout clinical problems. Recourse to the literature now ismainly to the literature of the present, not to the medicalAristotles of the turn of the century. An unusual case or aproblem of treatment in a difficult case will bring on aZerox blizzard of the latest journal articles on thebiochemistry of the SUbject-truly a fantastic and inspiring phenomenon! The more so for an old timer becausesome of the Aristotles, at least, still look pretty good.I wish to say that it has been a privilege to speak to youon so dear a subject, and to thank Dean Ceithaml forinviting me to do so. There was another Baptist at theturn of the century, a wise and wordly one, Mr. Frederick T. Gates, who was Mr. Rockefeller's advisor inmatters of educational philanthropy. Mr. Gates oncewrote in a letter to someone the following remark aboutthe proposed new medical school for The University ofChicago: "This conception has been one ofthe dreams ofmy own mind, of a medical college magnificently endowed, devoted primarily to investigation, and taking asstudents only the choicest spirits."I welcome you and salute you as the choicest spirits of1973!Dr. Sidney Schulman ('46) is the Ellen C. Manning Professor in the Department of Medicine (Neurology).75PathologyDepartment of DistinctionJames StaceyA little more than two years ago Bruce Wainer, afirst-year student in The University of Chicago's PritzkerSchool of Medicine, wondered if it might be possible toimmunize people against the effects of narcotics. He tookthe question to Dr. Frank W. Fitch ('53), Professor ofPathology and a leading researcher in immunology, andthus began a long-term investigation that temporarilytook Wainer out of medical school and into basic science.It also took him into the laboratories of an eminentbiochemist, psychopharmacologist, and a pediatric im-munologist. .In December, 1973, Wainer completed work for hisPh.D. in Pathology, and in January, 1974, he re-enteredmedical school. He will receive his M.D. in 1975. Hisexperience exemplifies not only Chicago's interdisciplinary approach to problems, it also exemplifies the uniquestrength of the University's Department of Pathology."We have produced some of the best pathology faculty inthe country," says Dr. Werner H. Kirsten, Professorand Chairman of the Department of Pathology, and Professor of Pediatrics and the Committee on Genetics."This is the result of a unique partnership between theclinical and basic sciences. We are housed under oneadministrative roof. We are scientists who also renderpatient care."Part of the clinical services are overseen by Dr. HenryRappaport, Professor and Director of the SurgicalPathology Laboratory and the Hematopathology Training Program. Dr. Rappaport is an internationally recognized expert on the diagnosis of lymphomas, leukemias,and diseases of the hematopoietic system. In a recentweek, specimens from such disparate points as Israel andAustralia were sent to his laboratory for diagnosis.Basic research within the Department also hasachieved international distinction. The work of Dr.Robert W. Wissler ('49), the Donald N. Pritzker Professor and former Pathology Chairman, on the role of hyperlipidemia in the development of atherosclerotic plaque isconsidered definitive. Dr. Fitch and Dr. Donald Rowley('50), Associate Professor of Pathology, are leading investigators concerned with modifying the immune response.Dr. Kirsten's study of the relationship between theKirsten sarcoma virus and leukemia is internationally16 known. And the work of Dr. Godfrey S. Getz, Professorof Pathology and Biochemistry, in cell biology is widelyrecognized.The science of pathology virtually began in 1858 withthe publication of Cellular Pathologie by Rudolf Virchow. His discussion of the cellular nature of tissue, plusthe work of Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch, led to basicdiscoveries on the dynamics of disease. It also established the science of diagnosis.In recent years, the clinical aspect of pathology hasachieved a dominant position in most medical schools,and most departments offer services in clinical and surgical pathology and also perform autopsies. Chicago's traditional strength of faculty and its interdisciplinary approach prevented this narrowing of interest at the University."These strengths have allowed us to carry the twodisciplines for many years," says Dr. Kirsten. "But a bigchange occurred in 1958, when we reinstated thegraduate training program, offering M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in pathology." This not only solidified the importance of basic science in the department, it also helpedattract some of the best medical and basic science students to pathology-imaginative and promising youngpeople like Bruce Wainer.From Door to Door"I'm not sure that what I did would have been possibleat many other universities," Wainer says of his experience. "It was just a process of knocking on doors andtalking about what I wanted to do. The professors readilyallowed me to use their laboratories and draw on theirexpertise. "What Wainer wanted to know was whether or not antibodies could be stimulated to block the effects of heroinor other opiates. This was the question he took to Dr.Fitch, who quickly was attracted to the possibilities ofthe idea and determined that such a reaction was theoretically possible. What was needed was the correct antigen.This took Wainer to the office of Josef Fried, the LouisBlock Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry and theBen May Laboratory, and a leading investigator in thechemistry of carcinogenesis by aromatic hydrocarbons.In Fried's laboratory, Wainer searched for chemical derivatives of drugs that could be coupled to proteins, andfinally was able to form a promising drug-protein conjugate.Now he had to discover whether or not the substancewould work. This took him to the office of Charles R.Schuster, Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, who had been conducting experiments withanimals involving the self-administration of opiates. Atthis point, Wainer also visited Dr. Richard M. Rothberg,Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Pathology andimmunologist who developed a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay capable of characterizing the antisera produced and of studying the immunochemical properties ofthe drug-protein conjugate. The assay permitted measurement of the antibody produced and determination ofhow it reacted with different narcotics.The most remarkable part of the investigation camewith the animal model studies. A graphic demonstrationcame from experiments with guinea pig intestine muscles. Under normal circumstances, the intestine contracted when subjected to electric stimulation. Introduction of morphine stilled these contractions. However,Dr. Werner H. Kirsten. when the antibody was introduced the intestine agamcontracted when subjected to stimulation.Wainer is understandably excited and somewhat apprehensive about the finding. It has far-reaching implications. "Now we're trying to quantify our results," hesays. "We want to be able to predict the amounts ofantibody needed. There is a lot more to learn about this."Excitement is an emotion shared by many other youngresearchers in the Department of Pathology. Dr. RussellK. Brynes, U.S. Public Health Service Trainee inHematopathology, feels that hematopathology offers unusual research opportunities. "It lends itself to humanresearch, since it's relatively easy to remove blood samples from humans as opposed to tissue from other organsystems situated deep within the body.Dr. Brynes points out that research in theHematopathology Training Program is disease oriented,and that correct characterization of malignant blood diseases has become critically important in recent years."Very encouraging results in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia of childhood are evident." he says."By contrast, acute granulocytic leukemia responds lesswell to therapy. Only 10 years ago, little distinction wasmade between these two types of leukemia. "Treatment of childhood leukemias has changeddramatically in the last two decades, he says. Then thedisease was considered fatal at the time of diagnosis, andthe child would die within a few months. The discoveryof a single drug treatment extended life expectancy to sixmonths, and now multiple drug treatment is providingfive-year survival for many victims. A vital part of treatment is correct diagnosis and accurate classification ofdisease."Dr. Rappaport was instrumental in establishing aninternational classification system for hemopoietic(blood) cancers," says Dr. Brynes.Dr. Rappaport feels his responsibilities are twofold.First, he is involved with a post-graduate training program. "In the course of this program," he says,"disease-oriented rssearch is carried out, dealing eitherwith an in-depth study on established or newly discovered clinico-pathological entities, or with applications oflaboratory methods to help understand these entities."Current research in his laboratory is related to theclassification of various lymphomas and leukemias, notonly by the more traditional light and electron microscopic methods, but also by examination of tumor cellsfor the presence or absence of gamma globulins and otherimmunologic cell surface characteristics. It is believed17that immunologic classification of these malignancies,and the understanding derived from delineating thetumor-host relationship, will lead to new therapeutic approaches in the treatment of lymphomas and leukemias.A second responsibility relates to clinical studies carried out by the Section of Hematology in the Departmentof Medicine. "Here the collaboration of pathologists andinternists is essential because the neoplastic diseases ofthe hemopoietic system are a heterogeneous group ofillnesses requiring constant study with respect toclassification and extent of disease for prognosis andproper selection of therapy. "Dr. Kirsten points out that the service obligations ofthe Department of Pathology are considerable. In themost recent year, there are 900,000 clinical chemistrytests, 600,000 clinical hematology tests, 85,000 clinicalmicrobiology tests, 6,000 surgical pathology tests, and400 autopsies. "It is an excellent diagnostic service," hesays.There are 30 full-time faculty members in the Department and 7 joint appointments, Dr. Kirsten says. In addition, there are 19 interns or residents, 2 fellows, and 2graduate students.Reversing Disease EffectsOne of the best known research projects in the Department is Dr. Wissler's work on atherosclerosis. Heartattack remains the leading cause of death in the UnitedStates, and Dr. Wissler's studies of the relationship between excessive dietary cholesterol, saturated fats andcalories, and the development of atherosclerosis that canlead to heart attack are of pivotal importance. His recentstudies with Rhesus monkeys show that smooth musclecells, normally situated in the media of the arterial wall,may play the central role in the development of atherosclerotic plaque.Another critically important study with Rhesus monkeys shows that atherosclerosis can be reversed by a lowfat, low-cholesterol diet. In the study, four controlgroups were fed diets high in fat and cholesterol for 18months. By that time, one of the groups continued on thediet while two other groups were fed low-fat, low cholesterol diets. After another 18 months, the high-fat grouphad 95 percent aortic lesion with a severity rating of 51percent. By contrast, one of the low-fat groups had 31percent gross aortic lesion with a 14 percent severity ratmg.In a related study, Dr. Getz is concerned with thebiosynthesis of plasma lipoproteins, particularly withvery low density lipoproteins, which transport triglyceride and cholesterol through the blood stream. Dr.Getz points out that it had been known that the introduction of orotic acid in the diet over a period of time led tothe development of a fatty liver. This diet also led to thedisappearance of low density lipoproteins.In studies with Dr. Getz, Dr. Pottenger, a medicalstudent, was able to isolate the protein of low densitylipoproteins in the liver. He also examined the way theliver stores these lipoproteins and found that their proteins were not complete. Now he is trying to discover thecontrolling factors relating to the secretion of lipopro-18 Dr. Robert W. Wissler.teins from the liver. He is also trying to determine howlipids in the diet control the production of lipoproteins.Such knowledge could lead to the control of lipoproteinproduction, resulting in a method for interfering with thedevelopment of atherosclerotic plaque.Another of Dr. Getzs studies, performed in collaboration with Dr. Murray Rabinowitz, the Louis Block Professor of Medicine and Biochemistry, concerns thebiogenesis of mitochondria, the structures within the cellthat are the transducers of food energy into energy usefulwithin the cell. The mitochondrion contains a piece of itsown DNA, and in its formation there is an interactionbetween proteins formed by the mitochondria ON A andproteins formed outside the mitochondrion to establishthe form of the mitochondrion itself. Apart from its importance to basic research, the study may shed somelight on the development of cancer. Dr. Getz points outthat the regulation of the consumption of oxygen, a keyingredient in the functioning of mitochondria, -is frequently abnormal after a cell has become cancerous. Hewonders if some breakdown in the control of mitochondrial function triggers a process that results in cancerousgrowth.Answers to CancerMany of the investigations of the Department relate tocancer research. Dr. Kirsten is concerned with cancercausing viruses, particularly those causing leukemia andlymphomas. His special interest is in certain childhoodleukemias, searching for a possible viral link. In animalmodels, it is possible to isolate a certain virus fromleukemic cells. However, leukemic cells from a child,grown in tissue culture, will not release a virus. Thetheory is the virus may be there in a latent form, whichhas occurred in some instances.Dr. Kirsten and his associates study an attenuatedDr. Henry Rappaport.mouse leukemia virus, one which doesn't cause cancer.He is attempting to determine how the virus became attenuated, and says the indication is that a basic changeoccurs in the proteins and possibly in the RNA of thevirus. Understanding the dynamics of the change couldbe of vital importance to cancer research.The work of Dr. Ting-Wa Wong (,57), Associate Professor of Pathology, also is cancer-related. Her majorinterest is in the biosynthesis of minor nucleotides intransfer RNA.Dr. Wong says there are indications that the aminoacid accepting capacity as well as codon recognition oftransfer RN A is controlled by thionucleotides. Shestudies the enzyme which synthesizes the thionucleotides both in normal development and in neoplasia.Immunology is another important area within the Department. Many observers feel the subspeciality is one ofthe most exciting in medicine today, and that thedefinitive answers to cancer therapy may come from athorough understanding of antibody genesis and production. Another vital concern of immunologists relates toorgan transplantation. In this area, Dr. Fitch works withDr. Donald A. Rowley, Professor of Pathology and theLa Rabida-University of Chicago Institute, Dr. HeinzKohler, Associate Professor of Pathology, and Dr.Frank P. Stuart, Associate Professor of Surgery, on aproject designed to modify the immune response to kidney grafts.To date, the most successful kidney grafts occur whenthe donor is a close relative, either a twin or immediatefamily member. In such cases, physicians look for histocompatibility. If the family is large enough, it's verylikely that two siblings will have sufficiently similar antigen make-up to permit successful grafting, and abouttwo-thirds of such grafts are accepted.However, too few families are sufficiently large topermit this kind of graft, and in its absence physicians attempt to achieve acceptance by suppressing the immune response. Currently drugs, which do not workselectively, are used to achieve this, resulting in a generalsuppression of an immune system and a heighteneddanger of infection.Equilibrating the Immune SystemDr. Fitch and his collaborators are trying to manipulate the immune system for a selective response to kidneygrafts. They are following a lead offered by the treatmentof erythroblastosis fetalis, a hemolytic anemia of thefetus due to transplancental transmission of maternallyformed antibody. This disease, also called the Rh disease, can occur when an Rh negative mother carries anRh positive child, whose blood can seep through theplacenta, triggering an immune response. What happensis the mother develops antibodies against Rh positiveblood cells. The disease typically occurs in a second pregnancy, when the mother's antibodies can travel fromher blood stream to the fetus, where they will attack redblood cells and cause severe anemia or even brain damage.Now such mothers are injected before pregnancy withthe specific antibodies. Curiously, this effectively foolsthe immune system. For some reason, presence in theblood of these antibodies precludes the production of thesame antibodies, and the machinery for their productionsimply is not tooled up.Dr. Fitch and his associates are trying to apply thistechnique to kidney grafting. In animal models they haveinjected antibodies directed against the graft beforetransplantation, and have been able to achieve successby deactivating the antibody production machinery.However, they have been unable to translate this successto humans. With humans, the antibody activates a complement response that is very harmful. They now knowthat a certain part of the antibody molecule activates thecomplement, and are trying to remove that part whileretaining the part that relates to the kidney graft.Dr. Fitch points out that the immune system is finelytuned. It does not depend upon a simple on-offmechanism, but instead depends upon a number of highlysophisticated controls that can be likened to the mostexpensive stereo broadcasting system. A listener typically wants fine turning so that volume, tone, and balanceare in a pleasing equilibrium. The immune system is similarly tempered, so that the body will not shut down whilethe immune system responds to the common cold virusor a comparable infection. Instead of a full-volume response, there is a modulated response, one in tune with ahighly complex mechanism, and unravelling the complexity of this system is the present, difficult work of immunologists.Similarly, all pathologists at the University are engaged in the same intricate work of unravelling thepathogenesis of disease. From the moment that man firstrecognized the reality of illness, the mystery of its causeplagued him as much as the disease itself. If ever we areto elucidate that mystery, pathology as it is conducted atThe University of Chicago will playa major role in thatclarification.19ProfileThe 1973 Entering Medical ClassJoseph CeithamlThe University of Chicago's 1973 entering medical classof 104 students was selected from a record-breakingnumber of 4,819 applicants. The class includes tenPh.D.'s (all male) of whom nine enrolled in the accelerated three-calendar-year program of medical studies andbegan those studies in the summer quarter. The other 95students began their four-year program of medicalstudies in the autumn quarter.Of the 104 students, 18 are women (four married) and86 are men (16 married, including eight of the Ph.D. 's).Five of the Ph.D. 's each had one child at the time theybegan their medical studies. The class also includes 11members of minority groups: six orientals, two blacks,one Panamanian Indian, and one Spanish-surnamed student (see Table I).Four entering students hold foreign citizenship, buttwo of these have permanent resident status in theUnited States. The other two intend to return to Panamaand Hong Kong, respectively. The two to remain in theUnited States are from Cuba and Czechoslovakia.The presence of 10 Ph.D. 's in the class results in awide age range. The youngest person in the entering classis an unmarried woman just turned 20 who has her B.A.degree in biology. The oldest member of the class, whenhe began his medical studies, was a 35-year-old marriedmale with a Ph.D. degree in chemistry. The average ageof the entering students was slightly less than 23, with 82of the students under 23 years of age when they begantheir medical studies.The 104 entering students received their undergraduateeducations at 58 different colleges and universities. Asusual, the College of The University of Chicago providedthe largest number, namely 16. The University of Illinoisfollowed with 10; then Carleton College with six; Stanford University, four; Brown University, three; and Indiana University, three. The remaining 52 schools provided one or two students each. (see Table II).Table III shows the geographical distribution of theclass by state of residence. As expected, Illinois leadswith 43 students; then California with 13; Indiana, eight;New York and Ohio, four each; and Maryland, Missouri, and New Jersey, three each. All in all, 23 states,Washington, D.C., and three foreign countries are represented in the class.Students in the 1973 entering class have the following20 Joseph J. Ceithaml, Dean of Students, chats with senior Anne Ward.academic credentials: the average grade point average(GPA) was 3.55--on a scale where 4.0 equals A and 3.0equals B -and 92 percent of the class had G PAs higherthan 3.2. All but four of the entering students have atleast a bachelor's degree. Four others have receivedmaster's degrees and, as noted previously, 10 havePh.D. degrees. The four master's degrees were one eachin anatomy, chemistry, physiology, and zoology. Of the10 Ph.D. 's five were in chemistry, three in physics, onein bioengineering, and one in biochemistry.It is of interest to note the academic majors which theentering students chose while in college. Most of the entering students majored in science, principally biology(40%) or chemistry (20%), while 10 percent were nonscience majors. As seen in Table IV, there is little difference between the academic majors chosen by the menand women in the class. In each instance about 90 percent chose science majors, and eight of the entering students had double majors in college.Table I: Entering Medical Class, 1973EnteringClass ApplicantsSingle Men 70Married Men 16Married Men with Children 5Total Men 86 4,054Single Women 14Married Women 4Total Women 18 765Ph.D.s 11Minority Group Students 12Oriental 6Black 2American Indian 1Panamanian Indian 1Spanish Surnamed 1Total Students 104 4,819 Table II: Undergraduate College Distribution,Augustana College, Illinois (1)Beloit College (1)Brown University (3)Bryn Mawr (1)University of California, Berkeley (1)University of California, Davis (1)University of California, Irvine (1)University of California, LA (1)University of California, Riverside (1)University of California, Santa Barbara (1)University of California, San Diego (2)Carleton College (6)University of Chicago (16)University of Colorado (1)Columbia University (1)DePaul University (2)Earlham College (1)Franklin and Marshall College, Pennsylvania (1)Harvard College (2)Hope College (1)Illinois Institute of Technology (1)University of Illinois, Circle Campus (2)University of Illinois, Urbana (10)Indiana University (3)Johns Hopkins Un iversity (2)Kalamazoo College (1)Kansas University (1)Marquette University (1)University of Michigan (1)University of Minnesota (1)Un iversity of New Mexico (1)New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology (1)University of North Carolina (1)Northwestern Un iversity (2)Notre Dame University (2)Occidental College, California (1)Princeton University (2)Purdue University (2)Queens College, Canada (1)Richmond College, Virginia (1)University of Rochester (1)Rutgers University (1)St. Johns College, Maryland (1)St. Olaf College (1)St. Vincent College, Pennsylvania (1)Stanford University (4)Taylor University, Indiana (1)Temple Buell College, Colorado (1)Trinity College, Connecticut (1)Tufts University (1)Tulane University (1)University of Virginia (1)Washington State University (1)Wellesley University (1)Wesleyan College, Connecticut (1)University of Wisconsin, Madison (1)Xavier University, Ohio (1)Yale University (2)Number of Schools: 5821On the Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT),which is required of all medical applicants, the enteringclass as usual scored very well. The average total MCATscore was slightly higher than 620, which falls easilywithin the top quintile of all medical applicants last year.Since it is the policy of the Committee on Admissionsto consider each applicant on his or her own merits, it isnot surprising that the family backgrounds of the enteringstudents are quite varied. Eleven come from Universityof Chicago alumni families, and in four instances bothparents are alumni of the University. Two of the fathersare alumni of our medical school and in all the other casesthe parents are alumni of the College. Five members ofthe entering class come from families where one or bothparents have less than a high school education. At theother end of the academic spectrum, 66 of the studentscome from families where one or both parents are collegegraduates.Considering the wide variation in parents' educations,it is not surprising that the occupations of the parents alsorepresent a cross section of the professions, industry,and labor. Included among the fathers are 14 physicians,nine engineers, five college professors, four research scientists, three dentists, three public accountants, twoschoolteachers, two science administrators, twometeorologists, a lawyer, a banker, and a minister. Also,among the fathers are found 11 salesmen, 10 businessexecutives, nine businessmen, four laborers, three farmers, a contractor, a surveyer, an air-traffic controller, apoliceman, a machinist, a carpenter, a janitor, a lithog-Table III: Geographic Distributionof Entering ClassCalifornia (13)Colorado (1)Connecticut (2)Florida (1)Illinois (43)Indiana (8)Iowa (1)Kansas (2)Louisiana (1)Maryland (3)Massachusetts (1)Michigan (2)Minnesota (1) Missouri (3)New Jersey (3)New Mexico (2)New York (4)North Carolina (1)North Dakota (1)Ohio (4)Pennsylvania (1)Washington (1)Wisconsin (2)Washington, D.C. (1)Hong Kong (1)Panama (1)22 rapher, and an actuary. All of the remaining fathers areretired, except for three who are deceased.Of the mothers, two-thirds (67) are housewives, whilethe rest have careers in addition to being housewives. Inthis group are 13 schoolteachers, three secretaries, twolibrarians, two college professors, two nurses, a chemist,a research assistant, and an occupational therapist, aswell as various clerical and office workers.This 1973 medical class has essentially the same highacademic and non-academic credentials and the samegreat potential as previous classes. Consequently, ourexpectations for this class are similarly very high.Joseph Ceithaml is Dean of Students in the Division of theBiological Sciences and The Pritzker School of Medicineand Professor in the Department of Biochemistry.Table IV: Academic Major DistributionMajor Men Women TotalAnthropology 1 0 1Biochemistry 7 0 7Bioengineering 1 0 1Biology 34 10 44Biophysics 1 0 1Chemistry 21 6 27English 0 1 1Geology 1 0 1Humanities 1 0 1Liberal Arts 1 0 1Mathematics 2 0 2Microbiology 2 0 2Natural Sciences 1 0 1Physics 4 1 5Physiology 7 0 7PreprofessionalStudies 3 0 3Psychobiology 1 0 1Psychology 2 1 3Religion 1 0 1Russian 1 0 1Zoology 1 0 1Totals 93 19 112**Eight students carried double majors.WINE &CHEESEPARTYFreshman medical students got to see the setting sunfrom a new vantage point on Wednesday, November 14,1973. The Medical Alumni Association held its fourthannual Wine and Cheese Party that day on the top floorof the recently dedicated Cummings Life Science Center.Though the unfinished state of the Cummings eleventhfloor would normally have not provided much ambience,the association created a candle-lit atmosphere that wasfurther enhanced by the intermingling of freshman students with faculty and local alumni.On these pages is a pictorial report of the evening'sfun. Also on these pages are preliminary comments fromfreshman students on their reactions to The PritzkerSchool of Medicine. The comments were collected byLinda Hughey, a freshman medical student from Wilmette, Illinois."Thank God for no grades! We were selected for beingcompulsive enough to work hard, but at least on a passfail system we are working with one another instead ofagainst one another, as happens in other medicalschools." "The weather's awful!"Dr. Mark Siegler ('67) (left), and Pat Kurtz."I rode the elevated to a commuter college in Chicagoevery day as an undergraduate. Every day I stared at TheUniversity of Chicago ads-39 Nobel Prize winners.Wow."(left to right) Robert Bossard, Richard Walker, and John Cheronis.23"It's great to be on a campus. Even if we never have timeto participate in campus events, it is nice to know whatwe are missing."(left to right) Burton Herbstman, Shelley Bernstein, and Barry Atlas."Whenever I wonder if it is all worth it, I think of thepatient we saw one morning in COP. A young man withHodgkin's disease was hoping for a long future, thanks tothe research work being done at The University ofChicago. He and his fiance do not wonder ifit is all worthit; they know it is. One lecture and a patient like thathave gotten me through many an evening's plod throughGrant's Atlas of Anatomy."(lei: to right) Dr. Julius Ginsberg ('32), Alvin Markovitz, and Dr. CatherineL. Dobson ('30).24 Dr. Andrew Brislen ('35)."When most single girls' parents can't reach them Saturday night, they lecture them about propriety. Last weekmine lectured me about spending the evening at the library. I was irked that they would make such an assumption, but the galling part was that they were right."Linda Hughey and Dean Joseph J. Ceithaml.Doctors and Lawyers: War and PeaceAlumni Day Dinner AddressBernard D. MeltzerI propose to say a word, first, about the purpose of lawas it impinges on the discharge of your professional medical responsibilities and, second, about the changes in ourcultu�e that underscore the need for reciprocal understanding �n? cooperation between our professions=-medicine and law. I must begin with a cautionand a disclaimer. My own professional interests arer7mo�� fr�m som7 aspects of matters, such as malpracuce litigation, which, I understand, stir your interest and�rom time to time your sense of outrage. This caution�s relat7d to my disclaimer: What I shall have to sayIS not mtended to be legal advice, and if you shoulddecide to bring a malpractice suit against me it wouldI believe, be dismissed on the ground that yo�r relianc�on my remarks as a basis for action rather than reflectionwould be wholly unwarranted.The essential enterprise of law is to subject men tothe governance of externally imposed rules. In an ancientcelebration, which we have special reason to recall atthis. melancholy moment of our history, Lord Cokeadvised the King of England that even the Crown wassubordinate to God and the Law. And so it is, I neednot remind you, with the medical profession which isincreasingly entangled in a web of law, enforced by anuncongenial system of reparations and penalties.The operation of this system in medical malpracticecases has spawned a cluster of problems that were saidby President Nixon to be so profound that he directeda commission be established to deal with them. Thatcom.mission, established in 1971, filed its report in 1973.*I will draw on some of the findings of that report asI attempt to provide some perspective for the web oflegal, medical, economic, sociological, and psychologicalfactors that make up the malpractice problem.Extravagant FearsAlthough I do not want to be unlawyerlike by failingto emphasize the gloomiest contingencies, I venture tosay that fears of legal liability expressed by some competent doctors seem extravagant to me. Thus the commission's statistics, although they indicate that the tempoof malpractice litigation has been increasing, also indicatethat .the risk of exposure for physicians as a group isrelatively low. I recognize that "relatively low" areweasel words and that it is a human failing to minimizethe risks that others bear. Nevertheless, you may find"Report of the Secretary's Commission on Medical Malpractice,Department of Health, Education and Welfare Publication, No.(05.)73-88 June 11, 1973). one. of the �ommission's statistics interesting. On thebasis of claim experience reported in 1970, each timea doctor or a dentist treats a patient there is less thano�e c�ance in 10?,000 of an incident occurring that willgive rise to a medical malpractice suit. This figure is obviously quite crude; it assumes that the incidence of malpractice claims is a matter of chance. It does not purportto reflect the disproportionately high risk borne by surgeons and anesthesiologists, among other important variables. Nevertheless, some of you may get some comfortfrom the crude figure.�here is one situation in which fears of liability seemplamly to be exaggerated and may be a rationalizationf?r other concerns. I refer to the good samaritan situanon, the rendering of emergency aid by a physician whohappens to see an accident. The commission stated thatt�ere was no officially reported decision in which a physician had been sued for his efforts under those conditionsexcept for one case recently filed in Hawaii, which incident�lly has a. good samaritan statute. It also reportedthat It had no mformation on unreported cases or settlements. Finally, th� �ommission reported that 50 percentof a group of physicians recently responding to an AMApool indicated that they would not render emergency careregardless of whether a statute protecting good samari�an� was 10 effect. I am skeptical that that poll is a reliableindicator of what doctors would do in a crunch. In anyevent, the commission's findings suggest that neither theactual nor the anticipated incidence of litigation explainswhatever reluctance there is among doctors to serve asgood s.amaritans. Crime in the streets is probably a muchmore Important factor than the law in the books or thelaw in action.W�at�ver th� .magnitude of the risk imposed by thelaw, It. IS a familiar argument that the doctor's plight isessentially the same as that of other citizens, who areBernard D. Meltzer.25increasingly subject to regulation. Doctors, like others,can protect themselves by insurance at a price andthereby shift the risk of liability and, through the pricingmechanism, can distribute most of the costs of insuranceto consumers of medical services and third party payers.These points are valid, I believe, but not unqualifiedlyso.Insurance, while it can protect against direct financiallosses, cannot protect against more subtle but quiteimportant threats posed by malpractice litigation. Insurance plainly cannot protect against the wound to one'sname. It cannot protect against the undermining of thatpeculiarly important ingredient of treatment-confidencein the medical profession-or against the diversion ofenergy for depositions and court appearances in thedemeaning adversary environment of a trial. It is understandable, although deplorable in my view, that Dr.Northrop, a member of the commission, reacted to malpractice litigation with this prescription: "Practice defensive medicine. And above all, and this is the most important thing, despise what could and should be honored,jurisprudence.' ,Threats of LiabilityI shall return to this comment about jurisprudence.What is of more fundamental importance to the qualityand availability of medical care, however, is the doctor'sexhortation to practice "defensive medicine." Let meuse the commission's definition, which is "the alterationof modes of medical practice, induced by the threat ofliability, for the principal purposes of forestalling the possibility of lawsuits by patients as well as providing a goodlegal defense in the event such lawsuits are instituted."The commission broke down this definition into twoparts: "Positive defensive medicine," it added, "isengaging in a test or other diagnostic or therapeuticprocedure which is not medically justified, for the soleor primary purpose of preventing or defending againstthe threat of liability." And "negative defensivemedicine" is the failure to take steps because of litigationconsiderations even though such steps are likely tobenefit the patient.The commission referred to various opinion surveysthat indicated 50 to 70 percent of the physicians polledsaid they engage in defensive medicine. It is not clear,however, that the pollsters used the same definition asdid the commission. In any case the commission foundthat the extent to which defensive medicine is practicedis unknown. The commission did not specify with anyparticularity, however, the medically unwarranted actionthat would be a shield against liability, and for someexposed specialities such as anesthesiology, it is hardfor an outsider like me to guess what they would be.The commission did suggest, although somewhat�elicately, that ethical questions were raised by the practree of defensive medicine. Plainly, positive defensivemedicine involves over-utilization of health care facilitiesand strains the resources of medical delivery systemsand of patients. And negative defensive medicine maylead doctors to play it safe because of remote and unin-26 surable legal risks even though immediate medical considerations may call for bold innovation.I do not mean to underestimate the instinct for selfpreservation or to presume to be your moral tutor. ButI cannot refrain from raising the question of whetherdefensive medicine as defined by the commission doesnot deserve unequivocal professional condemnation.The answer implied by the commission is that suchcondemnation would be a futile gesture unless it werecoupled with a reform of the abuses inherent in our liability system. That answer is, in my view, unacceptable,first, because abuses in the legal system do not warranttreatment designed to protect the doctor and, second,no matter what changes are made in our earthly legalsystem it will remain imperfect.I do not mean to suggest that lawyers or doctors orcitizens generally should be complacent about the defectsin our legal system. Plainly, our professions must workharder, severally and jointly, in the interest of reform.And I would add that my colleagues have not been idle.This is not the place to assess their efforts, to appraisealternatives to existing standards of liability and damages, or to recite the difficulties of achieving the politicalconsensus, which is the prerequisite for legislativereform. But it is, I believe, appropriate to remind youthat the law has as its ideal rational standards of performance and accountability, that it looks for such standardswherever it can find them, and that law-makinginstitutions-courts as well as legislatures-will giveStudent lawyers.weight to the judgment, experience, and integrity of doctors.The law must, however, resolve conflicting claims andvalues. And so doctors, like others, may be heard butnot heeded by the law's institutions. Contrary to Dr.Northrop, I urge you not to despise jurisprudence butto care for it enough to help improve it. The alternativeto jurisprudence, as the doctor used that term, has been,after all, the fist and the club and modern improvementsthereon. And the consequence of following his prescription would be a less informed law and a law that wouldstumble even more than it does as it seeks to do justicein the particular case and as it calls on all of us to remedyour defects and to be accountable for our lapses fromgoverning standards of performance.Education and HabituationI do not, of course, mean to suggest that medical diatribes against the law are based on the premise that doctors should be exempt from appropriate standards ofaccountability or, indeed, on dissatisfaction with the content of existing standards as abstractions. My impressionis that the procedures of the law are a more importantsource of interprofessional antagonism. It is true thatthose procedures sometimes are abused by unscrupulouslawyers and badly managed by incompetent judges. Butthe sources of antagonism are deeper than what I willloosely call the malpractices of my own profession andappear to involve differences in training and in workingStudent doctor. habits and insufficient understanding of those differences. That essentially psychological explanation hasbeen offered by David Louisell, a law professor, andHarold Williams, a doctor and a lawyer, in their workon Medical M a/practice. Referring to organized andinterprofessional antagonism, the authors say:The professional education, training, andhabits of thought of lawyers and physiciansprofoundly differ. The modern law curriculumis essentially a continuing Socratic dialogue.Medical instruction is largely didactic andauthoritative. Perhaps the reasons for thislargely inhere in the nature of medical education, although one may question whether itstechniques are excessively dogmatic. The controversial method is the meat of the lawyer notonly because he functions in an adversary system but because he has been nurtured in controversy from his first day of law shcool. Thephysician on the other hand has been conditioned to objective scientific inquiry and tohim notorious contest, with its emotional overtones, is apt to be a disruptive element in thesearch for facts. While the lawyer typicallysees challenge in open disputation, the physician may see in it only unnecessary insult,especially when his own or a brotherphysician's treatment of a patient is called intoquestion.Moreover, the nature of the lawyer'severyday problem is akin to his conditioningand temperament. Of course, the trial lawyerfunctions in the heart-land of notorious controversy. But even the office lawyer in draftinga contract ... knows that over his shoulderare peering the critical eyes of the lawyers forthe other parties, actual or potential, to thetransaction. Many physicians, on the otherhand, are likely to think of their contacts withother physicians over a mutual patient as ideally constituting a cooperative effort directedtoward the single objective of the patient'shealth. Such physicians feel that althoughsometimes differences of professional opinionwill unfortunately erupt into adversary disputation, usually they should be resolved harmoniously by mutual and objective inquiry andassessment. In any event, normally these differences are to be kept under cover for thereis nothing quite so disconcerting to a patientas a dilemma about which of several attendingphysicians to believe ....As Louisell and Williams recognize. their observationscan easily be pushed too far. Lawyers are not alwaysat their adversaries' throats; on the contrary, theyaccomplish a good deal of constructive problem-solving27as adversaries. Furthermore, lawyers no less than doctors are troubled by aspects of our adversary process:our mysterious rules of evidence that exclude much thatis relevant and stifle natural communication, the fallibilityof human observation and memory, the conscious orunconscious distortion of partisan-witnesses-expert andamateur alike-the countervailing hyperbole of counsel,the vagaries of juries, the inadequacies of some judges,the need to decide one way or the other no matter whatthe doubts. These characteristics of litigation movedLearned Hand, one of our most respected judges, to saythat next to illness and death he most feared to be aparticipant in litigation.It is not surprising, then, that the doctor-defendant orwitness in this alien, hostile, and sometimes rude forumshould feel antipathy for the lawyer who is crossexamining him and for the system that subjects him tothe ordeal of trial or cross-examination. Perhaps thatantipathy will be reduced if physicians reflect on twopoints. First, the adversary method is the lawyer's basictechnique, which he is duty bound to employ in the interests of his client. The individual lawyer who dischargeshis professional obligation through the use of this methodis no more to be blamed for the pain he causes in dealingwith disputes than is the doctor for the pain involvedin dealing with disease. Second, the adversary method,like other kinds of strong medicine, appears to workreasonably well in resolving conflict. At least we havenot been able to devise a basic procedure more acceptable to a society with our history and values.At the same time, let me assure you, the proceduralrules are subject to unending scrutiny and continuingreforms, some of which have indeed made inroads onthe adversary system. Thus, with the cooperation of themedical profession, impartial medical testimony planshave been established with a view toward curbing orneutralizing partisanship of experts in personal injurycases. Similar panels have been established for medicalmalpractice cases, overcoming what used to be viewedas a medical conspiracy to cover up medical errors.Further development of such panels promises to promoteinterprofessional confidence rapport as well as justice.In addition psychiatrists, among others, have submitteduseful and influential criticism of the legal criteria andprocedures for dealing with issues of insanity and criminal responsibility. These examples make it plain thatmany physicians and lawyers have narrowed the interprofessional gulf and have engaged in fruitful collaboration.There is another set of issues that calls for such collaboration and that is, I believe, even more significantin its moral implications than malpractice and proceduralproblems. These issues arise from the achievements ofmedicine in prolonging life, from the new biology, andfrom the new morality that has sought to fill the vacuumleft by the erosion of religious faith. These issues includedefinitions of life and death in, for example, the contextof abortion or organ transplants. They include questionsabout the sanctity of life and the freedom of the individualin the context of euthanasia, eugenics, genetic manipulation or improvement, sterilization, and population con-28 trol. There are, of course, other important public issuesof a different order, such as those arising from proposalsfor the financing of medical care for the medically indigent, the related problems of adequate supply and deliverysystems, and the protection of professional autonomyagainst the long and distorting reach of government. Ialso have in mind the housekeeping and financial issuescreated by new bureaucracies, whose demands for paperwork proceed at a gallop while their payments crawl.High-Order CapabilitiesI do not mean to suggest that law and medicine havethe answers for all these prickly inatters, many of whichalso call for insights of theologians and philosophers. ButI do not know of any other professionals who are closerto the light or whose large-minded collaboration promisesto be more productive.It would be natural and justifiable if many of you gavethose large issues considerably lower priorities than theimmediate demands of the surgical table, the laboratory,or the consultation room. But others among you will nodoubt see that those immediate demands cannot in theend be sealed off from what I have for convenience calledpublic issues and that those issues in their own right merityour attention. In any case I am confident that the necessary interprofessional cooperation, which has alreadybegun, will continue and grow stronger.My confidence is, let me emphasize, not occasionedby the need for a happy ending but rather by the factthat the differences between our professions are, in myview, overshadowed by the attributes, the responsibilities, the pressure that, I like to believe, we havein common. Both professions call for intellectual andmoral capacities of a high order, the resiliency to acceptdefeat, frustration, and the deferral of satisfaction. Bothof our professions are also increasingly fragmented byspecialties producing a torrent of literature that threatensthe whole man, in both his professional and humancapacity. Both of them involve the tensions betweencupidity and professionalism inherent in fee-for-servicearrangements. Both of them also call for disciplined sensitivity to the grubby particulars of circumstantial evidence. They call also for the management of doubt withrespect to the most vital interests of those who dependon us. Both of them, in demanding the most exactingloyalty to those interests, reflect the basic commitmentof our society to the dignity and freedom of theindividual. Finally, for the proper discharge of ourrespective responsibilities, the admonition of my late colleague, Karl Llewellyn, is in point. Technique withoutideals, he said, is a menace, but ideals without techniqueare a mess.You may have caught an echo of the Hippocratic Oathin Llewellyn's comment. Let me draw from the oath mywish and, I take it, everyone's wish for the class of 1973,that you meet the demands of competence and integrityand enjoy "life and art" -notwithstanding the "broodingomnipresence" of the law.Bernard D. Meltzer is the James Parker Hall Professor inThe University of Chicago Law School.The times changeAnd we change with them.. IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII -From Owen's EpigrammataName Graduation YearHome Address TelephoneCity, State, ZipBusiness Address TelephoneCity, State, ZipTitleNew address?New position?New medical practice?military assignment?civic or professional honor?book?Please tear out, fold, staple, or tape, and drop in the mail box. Thanks!Medical Alumni Association1025 East 57th StreetChicago, Illinois 60637Fold this flap in first ,-------,I I: Place :: Stamp :: Here :I IL ,News BriefsNew Michael Reese AppointmentsThe following appointments of full-timemembers of Michael Reese Hospital andMedical Center to The Pritzker Schoolof Medicine have been made:Dr. Martin Harrow to Associate Professor of Psychiatry for three years, effective November I, 1973.Dr. G. J avaheri to Assistant Professorof Obstetrics and Gynecology for twoyears, effective July 1, 1974.Dr. Harold Klawans to Associate Professor of Medicine for three years, effective January 1, 1974.Dr. Mabel Koshy to Instructor ofMedicine for one year, effective July 1,1973.Dr. Ruth Pick to Professor of Pathology and Medicine for three years, effective December 1, 1973.Dr. Ronald Rosenberg to AssociateProfessor of Anesthesiology for oneyear, effective February 1, 1974.Dr. Martin Colman to Assistant Professor of Radiology for two years, effective October 1, 1973.Dr. William L. Schey to AssociateProfessor of Radiology for two years, effective July 1, 1974. Dr. Schey was appointed to the faculty in 1970 and hasserved as Instructor and Assistant Professor.Highest Honor to Dr. KirsnerDr. Joseph B. Kirsner, Chief of Staffand Deputy Dean of Medical Affairs,has been designated a DistinguishedDr. Joseph B. Kirsner. Service Professor. This is the highesthonor the University can give a memberof its faculty.Dr. Kirsner 's appointment was madeby Edward H. Levi, President of theUniversity, upon the recommendationof Dr. Leon O. Jacobson, Dean of theDivision of the Biological Sciences andThe Pritzker School of Medicine, withthe approval of John T. Wilson, Provost.Dr. Kirsner will now have tp� titlethe Louis Block DistinguishedAp;:Ofe\�sor. Also, he is Deputy Dean for Medical Affairs in the Division of the Biological Sciences and The Pritzker School ofMedicine and Chief of Staff of theUniversity's Hospitals and Clinics.His major clinical and research interests have been in peptic ulcer and gastric secretion, regional enteritis and ulcerative colitis, and cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. He is the author ofthe Handbook and Atlas a/Gastrointestinal Exfoliate Cytology (with Joao C.Prolla), which was published by TheUniversity of Chicago Press in 1973. He is also the author or co-author of morethan 470 other publications.Dr. Kirsner was born in Boston. Heearned his M.D. degree from Tufts University School of Medicine in 1933 andhis Ph.D. degree in biological sciencesfrom The University of Chicago in 1942.He joined the University faculty in1935 as an Assistant in Medicine andwas appointed a Professor in 1951 andthe Louis Block Professor in 1968. Hewas Chief of the Gastroenterology Section in the Department of Medicine formany years before becoming the Chiefof Staff and Deputy Dean in 1971.Record Year for Alumni FundThe 1973 Medical Alumni Fund closedJanuary 15 with a 100 percent increase incontributions. A record $236,308 wasraised, compared to last year's $118,029.Gifts to unrestricted (general support ofthe medical school) and student aidfunds topped all previous years. December gifts through the AMA-ERFhave not been received and are not included in this preliminary report pre-Dean Leon O. Jacobson met recently with the freshman students he helps as preceptor: (left to right)Burton Herbstman, Cbrisune Odell, Robert Debs, and Stephen Daniels.Co�cern about Reyes Syndrome affected the February visit of Dr. Peter R. Huttenlocher (center), YaleUniversity obvsicie«. Besides lecturing on the disease for medical school faculty he partic'pated .f 'tl U' . 0 S'd h ,I In apress con erence WI 1 nlverslty rs. I ney Sc ulman (left) and 'Marc O. Beem.31pared for Medicine on the Midway. Adetailed report will be mailed in thespring to each alumnus with an honorroll of contributors.The fund received $76,000 in unrestricted gifts. Among them is a $10,000gift from Dr. Julius E. Ginsberg (S.B.'27, M.D. '32), a Chicago dermatologist.These gifts are especially important tothe Division, since they help meet needswherever they are greatest.The fund received $51,752 for studentaid. Included is a $6,769 bequest fromthe estate of Dr. Eugene Maximilian K.Geiling, the Frank P. Hixon Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus andfirst Chairman of the Department ofPharmacology. Dr. Geiling died onJanuary 12, 1971.The fund received $104,288 in restricted gifts. Included is a special gift of$84,037 from Dr. J. P. Greenhill,Chicago obstetrician and first resident atChicago Lying-in Hospital, 1921-23,under Dr. Joseph B. DeLee.Thanks go to the 1,251 alumni, 62non-alumni faculty, and 172 friends whoresponded to the school's needs. The1,485 donors include 27 Dean's Fundmembers, 23 Sponsors, and 407 CenturyClub members.Dr. Oxnard Appointed Dean of CollegeDr. Charles E. Oxnard, an authority inevolutionary biology, has been appointed Dean of the College at the University. The appointment became effective on October 1, 1973.Dr. Oxnard had served as Master ofthe Biological Sciences Collegiate Division, Associate Dean of the College, andAssociate Dean of the Division of theBiological Sciences since September 1,1972. He has been a University facultymember since 1966.Born September 9, 1933, in DurhamCity, England, Dr. Oxnard studied atthe University of Birmingham, where hereceived a B.Sc. degree with First ClassHonours in 1955, an M.B. and a Ch.B.(Equivalent to an M.D.) in 1958, and aPh.D. in medicine in 1962. Prior to joining The University of Chicago faculty,he was a senior lecturer in anatomy atthe University of Birmingham.His research interests are in two separate fields. He is primarily engaged instudies of the functional and evolutionary morphology, biomechanics, andmorphometries of vertebrates, especiallymammals and primates. In addition, heis engaged in studies of experimentaldiseases of primates with special reference to deficiency of vitamin B12 and itseffects on the nervous system.Dr. Oxnard has written over 80 articles and has a book, Form and Pattern in32 Human Evolution: Some Mathematical,Physical, and Engineering Approaches,near publication. He holds honorary appointments as overseas associate in thedepartment of anatomy at the Universityof Birmingham, research associate in thedivision of vertebrate anatomy in theField Museum of Natural History(Chicago), and is a faculty associate ofthe Center for Graduate Studies inChicago.He is currently a member of the Medical Scientist Training Program Committee, the governing board of the Biological Sciences Collegiate Division, and theCouncil and the Committee of the Council at The University of Chicago. Previously, he had been elected an honorarylife member of the Guild of U ndergraduates and a member of the Court ofGovernors, both at the University ofBirmingham.Dr. Getz Appointed Master in the CollegeDr. Godfrey S. Getz has been appointedMaster of the Biological Sciences Collegiate Division, Associate Dean of theCollege, and Associate Dean of the Division of the Biological Sciences. Hesucceeds Dr. Charles E. Oxnard in thesepositions (see above). The appointmentsbecame effective on January 1, 1974.Dr. Getz has been a member of TheUniversity of Chicago faculty since1964. He is also a Professor in the Departments of Pathology and Biochemistry, and in the College. And, he is Director of the Research Chemistry Laboratory in the Department of Pathology.His primary professional interest is inthe regulation of the assembly and degradation of biological membranes andsoluble lipoproteins, which are combinations of proteins and fats.Dr. Godfrey S. Getz. Dr. 8eal Delivers First PhemisterA new series of annual Dallas B.Phemister lectures opened January 23 atthe University with Dr. John M. Beal asthe guest speaker.Dr. Beal(S.M. '37, M.D. '41) is a professor in and chairman of the departmentof surgery at Northwestern UniversityMedical School. He spoke on "CriticalIssues in Surgical Education." In addition he gave a brief biographical sketchof Dr. Phemister, who was his father-inlaw.Dr. Phemister (1882-1951) receivedhis education at The University ofChicago (S.B. '17, M.D. '04). He was amember of the surgical faculty of RushMedical College and of The Universityof Chicago School of Medicine from1908 to 1951, serving as the first Chairman of the University's Department ofSurgery from 1926 to 1948.He developed a technique for the surgical removal of cancers of theesophagus, which had previously beeninoperable, and performed other research on the calcification of gall stones,the effect of blood loss on shock, equalization of bone growth in children, andthe diagnosis of bone tumors.laurence Selected for RhodesJeffrey C. Laurence, a second-year student in The Pritzker School of Medicineat the University, has been selected toreceive a Rhodes Scholarship.Laurence received his bachelor's degree summa cum laude from ColumbiaCollege, where he was elected to PhiBeta Kappa. He came to the Universityin the summer quarter, 1972, and is enrolled in an M.S.-M.D. program.His field of study for the master's degree is microbiology.Jeffrey C. Laurence.Dr. Greenhill Establishes FundDr. J. P. Greenhill, prominent Chicagoobstetrician, internationally known author, and the first resident at ChicagoLying-in Hospital, has given The University of Chicago Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology a gift of$84,037. The gift, made in the name ofthe J. P. Greenhill Foundation, was announced by Dr. Frederick P. Zuspan,the Joseph Bolivar DeLee Professor andChairman of the Department. The gift isto be known as the J. P. Greenhill Fundfor Obstetrics and Gynecology.Dr. Greenhill's gift will establish apermanent endowment to support one ormore J. P. Greenhill Travelling Fellowships in obstetrics and gynecology to beawarded annually to young academicphysicians. Preference will be given toforeign physicians under the age of 40.The fellowship will consist of a fourweek experience at Chicago Lying-inHospital, providing the visiting physician with in-depth exposure to the latestpatient care and research techniques inreproductive medicine. The endowmentalso provides for foreign travel of juniorfaculty members of the Department ofObstetrics and Gynecology of ChicagoLying-in Hospital, facilitating further theexchange of ideas.Additionally, funds are available forthe establishment of the J. P. GreenhillLectureships to be held at least everyother year at Chicago Lying-in Hospital.This will bring to the hospital distinguished foreign and American scientistswho will share with the faculty andhouse staff their latest research findingsas well as their expertise in patient care.Dr. Greenhill has also authorized that upto $500 of income may each year be usedfor the departmental library in ChicagoLying-in Hospital.Dr. Greenhill received his M. D. degree from Johns Hopkins MedicalSchool in 1919. His involvement withChicago Lying-in Hospital dates back to1921, when he began his residency. Positions held during his distinguished careerinclude the chairmanship of the department of gynecology of Cook CountyHospital as well as co-chairman of thedepartment of obstetrics and gynecologyat Loyola University.At present Dr. Greenhill is senior attending obstetrician and gynecologist atthe Michael Reese Hospital, Chicago;consulting gynecologist, Cook CountyHospital; professor of gynecology, CookCounty Graduate School of Medicine;and on the Emeritus Clinical AssociateStaff of Chicago Lying-in Hospital. Heis a member of26 medical societies in theUnited States, an honorary fellow of 28foreign obstetric and gynecologic societies, honorary professor of the N ational University of Peru, and is aChevalier of the French Legion ofHonor.Dr. Greenhill has had more than 40years of experience as a practicing obstetrician and gynecologist. He has written 246 papers published in Americanand foreign journals, and he is editor ofthe Year Book of Obstetrics andGynecology, a book read every year byAmerican and foreign obstetricians andgynecologists.Dr. Greenhill is author of the following currently used books: OfficeGynecology (lOth edition), SurgicalGynecology (4th edition), A nalg esia andAnesthesia in Obstetrics (2nd edition),and Biological Principles and ModernPractice of Obstetrics (1974, withEmanuel A. Friedman). Dr. Greenhillhas also written a popular book for thelaity entitled The Miracle of Life.AAMC Honors FergusonDr. Lloyd Allen Ferguson died onJanuary 1, 1973, at the age of 40. Hisdeath was reported in the winter, 1973,Medicine on the Midway.Now, the Central Regional Group onStudent Affairs of the Association ofAmerican Medical Colleges has passedthe following resolution in his honor:WHEREAS, Lloyd Allen Ferguson ofThe University of Chicago PritzkerSchool of Medicine contributed extensively and most effectively in minoritygroup medical student activities, both atlocal and national levels, particularly inincreasing the enrollment and retentionof such students; andDr. Lloyd Allen Ferguson. WHEREAS, He served with distinction on the Group on Student AffairsCommittee on Medical Education ofMinority Group Students; andWHEREAS, He served diligently assecretary of the Central Regional Groupon Student Affairs; andWHEREAS, He consistently exhibited those qualities of the student affairsofficer that we all respect, admire, andseek to emulate,THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED,That the Central Regional Group onStudent Affairs at its annual meetingheld in Starved Rock, Illinois, on thistwelfth day in May, 1973, unanimouslyexpresses its sadness at the tragic loss ofLloyd Ferguson, its pride in having hadhim as a colleague, and its resolve tocontinue to support the objectives andgoals in minority group medical studentactivities which he so ably championedduring his lifetime.In MemoriamWilliam E. Adams, 1902-1973Adherence to Sound PrinciplesDr. William E. Adams, who died unexpectedly on November 25, 1973, at IowaCity, Iowa, will be remembered as oneof Chicago's great surgeons. He was anoutstanding teacher and investigatorknown widely for his scientific honestyand integrity, attributes which were always evident in his personal and professional relationships. He spent most ofhis professional' career in surgical endeavors at The University of Chicago,which he served from 1928 to retirementin 1967. He was an inspiration to his students and associates and was a loyalsupporter of the University.Dr. Adams made significant contributions to surgery. It was during a shortleave in 1933 at Washington University,St. Louis, that he assisted Dr. EvartsGraham, formerly of The University ofChicago, with the performance of thefirst successful pneumonectomy forcancer of the lung. On return he developed in his laboratory the still mostuseful technique for resection of thelower esophagus. In 1938 with the assistance of Dr. Dallas Phemister, then theChairman of the Department. he successfully accomplished the first onestage removal of the esophagus forcancer.He fully appreciated the importance ofgood surgical technique and adherenceto established sound principles and.without the help of chemotherapy or antibiotics, significantly improved both33surgical morbidity and mortality by apersistent search for improvement ofmethods and techniques in surgery.Equally important, he accomplishedmuch toward training a large group ofthoracic surgeons who later assumedmajor responsibilities at other institutions throughout the world.Dr. Adams took a great interest in themedical students. To those of us whowere students and later privileged to obtain our surgical training under him, hewas indeed the Teacher, the Investigator, and the Surgeon. He was more;he was a permanent inspiring, supportingcolleague and personal friend to all of us.He encouraged and helped us to reporton our work and to participate in professional organizational activities. Welooked forward to seeing him in Chicago,at annual meetings, and in our homes.We, his trainees, shall miss him greatlybut will never forget him and his teachings. Tributes and similar expressionshave come from over the world.Dr. Adams was a native of Iowa andgraduated in medicine from State University of Iowa in 1926, remaining therefor two more years as an intern and instructor in anatomy. In June, 1928, hemarried Dr. Huberta M. Livingstone,also a native and a graduate of the U niversity of Iowa.They came to the newly formed medical school of The University of Chicago,where he became a Douglas Smith Fellow and assistant resident on July 1,1928. He was appointed an Instructor inSurgery in 1931, continuing on the faculty to Professorship in 1947 andChairmanship of the Department in 1959until mandatory retirement in 1967 as theJames Nelson and Anna LouiseRaymond Professor Emeritus. It wasduring this long period that his accomplishments were so numerous and outstanding.In addition to full participation in thenew medical school programs and hiswork in the general surgical field, he became a pioneer in the evolution ofthoracic and cardiovascular surgery as aspecial field during the late thirties andthe World War I I years. His residenttrainees began in his laboratory, progressing on through unique clinical surgical services. Working with Dr. Adamsin clinical surgery was an experience indiscipline from surgical diagnosis andtreatment to the personal considerationsof every patient.Dr. Adams, with his various associates, including his wife, was the author or co-author of over 200 publications pertaining to cancer of theesophagus and lung, pulmonary hypertension, lung reimplantation, congenitalcysts, pulmonary tuberculosis, blood34 transfusion and oxygen transport, andcardiac and vascular surgery. He was onthe editorial board of several journals.He was a founder of the Board ofThoracic Surgery.Dr. Adams held many consulting appointments in the Chicago area includingthe county and state sanitaria and theU. S. Naval Hospital. He was also activein many distinguished professional organizations, serving many in high officialcapacity: president of the Chicago Surgical Society, American Association forThoracic Surgery, American College ofChest Physicians, Chicago Medical andIllinois State Medical Societies, and secretary of the American College ofSurgeons. He held many honorary, visiting, and guest professorships in the United States and abroad and served onmany special committees and boards,both state and national. He was a president of The University of Chicago Medical Alumni Association in 1957. He wasGrand Premarius of the Alpha KappaKappa Medical Fraternity International.He received many awards.After retiring from the University, Dr.Adams served the American College ofSurgeons for six years as assistant director until he retired on September 1,1973.He and Mrs. Adams then moved toHopkinton, Iowa, to complete work onpapers, to continue with some organizational activities, and to continue such interests as ancient medical and biblicalhistory. Most of us expected that wouldcomplete his plans.His passing is a great loss to his family, friends, and colleagues over theworld, to his church, and to the manyorganizations he served. He lived a dedicated life full of professional accomplishments directed at helping others.He added lastingly to our surgical knowledge, perpetuating the highest objectives. He would have considered this acceptable performance for his fellow man.We, who must carryon as best we can,are grateful for the privilege of havinghad him to show us the way.Richard A. Rasmussen ('38)Grand Rapids, MichiganPeter V. Moulder (,45)University of FloridaGainesville, FloridaMemorial contributions may be madeto the American College of SurgeonsScholarship Fund, the Fourth Presbyterian Church of Chicago, or to theWilliam E. Adams Medical StudentsLoan Fund at The University ofChicago. Donations to the loan fundshould be sent to the Medical Alumni Association, 1025 East 57th Street,Chicago, Illinois.William Hay Taliaferro, 1895-1973A Succession of Students and ProjectsWilliam Hay Taliaferro, the EliakimHastings Moore Distinguished ServiceProfessor Emeritus of Microbiology,died on December 21, 1973. He was 78.His 36 years at The University ofChicago were marked by continuous research productivity of the highest orderof orginality, maintained for much of thattime while he held posts of great administrative responsibility.Professor Taliaferro began his education at the University of Virgina where,at the advanced age of 17, he publishedhis first scientific paper in collaborationwith his teacher, W. A. Kepner. Afterreceiving his bachelor's degree at Virginia, he went to Baltimore to work in H.S. Jennings' department of biology atJohns Hopkins. It was during this periodthat the influence of Jennings had amarked effect on his intellectual development. At this time, too, he beganhis close and long-lasting friendship withthe late Karl Lashley, who was then apostdoctoral fellow in the same department.He received his Ph.D. degree fromHopkins in 1918 with a dissertation entitled "Reactions to light in Planariamaculata, with special reference to thefunction and structure of the eyes." I amsure Taliaferro considered himself atthat time a general physiologist specializing in the lower invertebrates and not atall interested in either parasitology orimmunology, the fields in which he wasto make his reputation.After a brief war service, he returnedto Johns Hopkins, this time to the de-Dr. William E. Adams.partment of medical zoology in thenewly formed School of Hygiene andPublic Health. There, he turned hisbroad zoological training to a problemwhich determined the course of his entire investigative career-the factorsregulating the size and variability of theblood-dwelling protozoan of the rat,Trypanosomal lewisi. He was joined inthis work by his wife, Lucy GravesTaliaferro, herself a Hopkins Sc.D., andcontinued this close and fruitful researchcollaboration for over half a century.Taliaferro found that after a few daysin the rat's blood, T. lewisi ceased to divide and became an adult of unvaryingsize. In 1924 he published a paper showing that trypanosome reproduction wasinhibited by a factor elaborated by therat in response to infection with T.lewisi. This problem probably fascinatedProfessor Taliaferro more than anyother; he could never quite put it asideand returned to it again and again. Thesummation of investigations carried outover a space of more than 30 years revealed that the rat forms a unique nonabsorbable antibody, ablastin, which inhibits the reproduction of the trypanosomes by preventing nucleic acidsynthesis. Thus, the T. lewis iinvestigations, begun to study the genetics of variability in pure lines of asexually reproducing invertebrates, ledTaliaferro to consider the nature of immunity to parasitic diseases and the nature of antibody and its mode of formation, subjects to which, in one aspect oranother, he gave his attention ever after.In 1924 Taliaferro came to Chicago tojoin Jordan's Department of Hygieneand Bacteriology and to assume the responsibility of teaching parasitology tothe medical classes. He continued hisWilliam H. Taliaferro. work on ablastin in collaboration withFrances Coventry, and with Mrs.Taliaferro he began to study the immunemechanisms in malaria. A little later hestarted to investigate the basis of immunity to helminth infections with his student, George Bachman. So, by 1928Taliaferro had active investigations underway on three different phases ofparasitic immunity. He continued towork in these parallel but independentfields for over 20 years in collaborationwith Mrs. Taliaferro, with Paul Cannonand William Bloom, and with a succession of students, most of whom becamewell known investigators-Campbell,Sarles, Stauber, Mulligan, OliverGonzales and Zuckerman, to name onlya few.The research of this period was concerned with the role of both cellular andhumoral factors in immunity to parasiticdiseases and the nature of the immuneresponse. It is reported in innumerablepapers and in two important books,Immunity to Parasitic Diseases (1929)and The Histopathology of Malaria withSpecial Reference to the Function andOrigin of the Macrophages in Defense(1937), written with Hugh Mulligan. Inthis publication, they advanced the concept of the lymphoid-macrophage system as an extension of Aschoff's reticuloendothelial system. Taliaferro andhis associates were the first to study systematically the basis of immunity to animal parasites, and their work forms inlarge part the foundation of present dayconcepts in this field and has had greatinfluence on other phases of immunologyas well.Professor Taliaferro began his longcareer of administrative service to theUniversity when in 1931 he became Associate Dean of the Division of Biological Sciences under Dean Frank R. Lillie.He became Chairman of his Departmentin 1932, a position he held until his retirement. He was appointed Dean of theDivision of Biological Sciences in 1935,a post in which he served with distinction through the difficult years of WorldWar II, until he was succeeded in 1944by his fellow department member, R.Wendell Harrison. Even then he did notreturn completely to the laboratory, forhe served for two more years as SpecialAdvisor in the Biological Sciences toChancellor Hutchins. Throughout thisperiod, Professor Taliaferro continuedan active research program, in which hewas ably assisted by Mrs. Taliaferro.Upon leaving the Dean's office anddevoting himself to full-time researchand teaching, Taliaferro entered into anew phase of research, perhaps the mostexciting and most important of all. Thiswas the study of antibody formation, to which he was inevitably led by his investigations on immunity to parasitic diseases. For a model system he chose theproduction of .hemolytic antibody in therabbit following injection of sheep redblood cells, and he developed simple,elegant methods for measuring antibodysynthesis in this system.On his retirement from the Universityin 1960, Professor and Mrs. Taliaferromoved to La Grange, near the ArgonneNational Laboratory, where as seniorimmunologist in the division of biologicaland medical research, he and Mrs.Taliaferro continued their studies on antibody formation for another 10 years.This period was highlighted by the publication in 1964 of their book Radiationand Immune Mechanisms, written incollaboration with Bernard J aroslow,and by the celebration in 1967 of theirgolden wedding anniversary.Among the many honors which cameto Professor Taliaferro were honorarydegrees from the University of NorthCarolina and Temple University, election to the National Academy of Sciences and the American PhilosophicalSociety, honorary fellowship in and theChalmers Medal of the Royal Society ofTropical Medicine, the Kingsley Medalof the Liverpool School of TropicalMedicine, and the Pasteur Medal of theIllinois Society for Microbiology. Hewas a member of many scientificsocieties and scientific advisory bodiesand was president of the American Society of Parasitology in 1933 and of theAmerican Society of Tropical Medicineand Hygiene in 1954.Professor Taliaferro was editor-inchief of the Journal of Infectious Diseases for many years, and the JulyAugust, 1960, number of the Journal wasdedicated to him by the editorial boardand by his former students and associates who contributed all the papersin that issue.Professor Taliaferro is survived by hiswife Lucy Graves Taliaferro.James W. MoulderProfessorDepartment of MicrobiologyJoseph F. Matz, 1940-1973Specialist at an Early AgeDr. Joseph F. Matz, 33, Assistant Professor in the Zoller Dental Clinic at TheUniversity of Chicago, died Saturday,October 13, in the University's BillingsHospital of pneumonia and complications of Hodgkin's disease.Mass was said for Dr. Matz at St.Jude the Apostle Church, Dolton, Illinois, on October 16. Interment was inHoly Cross Cemetery.35Dr. Matz was born in Chicago and attended Loyola University, Chicago. Hereceived his D.D.S. degree from Loyolain 1965 and served his dental internshipin the Zoller Clinic during 1965-66.Following his residency, he received hiscertification in maxillofacial prosthodontics in 1972. He was appointed an assistant in dental surgery at the Zoller Clinicin 1967 and Assistant Professor in 1971.Dr. Matz was a specialist in theprosthetic restoration of cancers of thenose and mouth. He helped develop asilicone rubber radium carrier for thetreatment of nasopharyngeal carcinomas. He was a member of theAmerican Dental Association, the Illinois and Chicago Dental Societies, andthe American Association of HospitalDentists.Dr. Matzs family has requested thatmemorial contributions be made to TheUniversity of Chicago Cancer ResearchFoundation.He is survived by his widow, Patricia0' Rourke Matz, five children, MaryBeth, Joseph, Ann, Maureen, and Cathleen, and by his mother Mary PrusinskiMatz and his brother, Dr. GregoryMatz, Associate Professor in the Department of Surgery at the University.Francis B. Cordon, 1905-1973Rose Through the RanksFrancis B. Gordon (Ph.D. '36, M.D.'37) and his wife, Mary (S.B. '28), diedOctober 21, 1973, enroute to London.Their lifeboat capsized after they abandoned a Greek freighter.Dr. Gordon, an internationally knownmicrobiologist, retired last year from theNaval Medical Research Institute inBethesda, Maryland, and was to undertake a two-year special fellowship in thedepartment of ophthalmology at theUniversity of London. The freighter onwhich they were passengers caught fireand capsized in the Atlantic Ocean 800miles off the East Coast.Dr. Gordon was associated with TheUniversity of Chicago from 1936 to 1948.First, he was an Instructor in Bacteriology. He rose through the ranks and wasappointed full Professor in 1947. From1948 to 1954 he was division chief incharge of bacteriological and virologicalresearch at the Army BiologicalLaboratories at Fort Detrick, Maryland.He joined the staff of the Naval MedicalResearch Institute in 1954 as chief of thevirology division and later served as director of the department of microbiology. Mrs. Gordon had worked as alaboratory technician at the University'sBillings Hospital.During the 1930s, Dr. Gordon studiedthe epidemiology of polio-myelitis virus.36 Then he became involved in the study ofparrot fever agents and trachoma andwas the first to cultivate an agent oftrachoma in cell culture and establishmethods for the rapid isolation oftrachoma agents from clinical specimens. He was involved in other researchprojects pertaining to the hazard ofinfectious diseases under conditions of deepsubmergence and the toxins released inbum and wound infections.Dr. Gordon had been managing editorof the Journal of Infectious Diseases andadvisory editor of the Journal of Bacteriology. He was a prolific contributorto technical books and journals. Dr.Gordon received the Distinguished Service A ward of the Medical Alumni Association in 1952.The Naval Medical Research Institutehas established the Francis B. GordonMemorial Lecture to be given annuallyin his honor. The first lecture was givenby James W. Moulder, Professor of Microbiology at The University ofChicago, on January 21 at the Institute.His subject was "IntracellularParasitism: Life in an Extreme Environment. "Dr. Moulder was a life-long friend andcolleague of Dr. Gordon. He was regarded as the spokesman of those whobelieve that the bacterium that selectsthe unusual, "extreme" environment ofthe interior of the host cell has much tooffer to those who study fundamentalbiology and medicine.Alumni Deaths'05 Leda J. Stacy, Hightstown, NewJersey, May 30, 1973, age 90.'06 Thomas S. Walker, Riceville,Iowa, August 18, 1973, age 92.'08. Gustav L. Kaufmann, Stoneham,Massachusetts, May 20, 1973, age 90.'II. Harry J. Carper, Denver, Colorado, May 12, 1973, age 89.'15. Wesley C. Becker, Lincoln, Nebraska, June 5, 1973, age 81.'15. James G. Montgomery, KansasCity, Missouri, June 7, 1973, age 86.'15. Lowell D. Snorf, Wilmette, Illinois, December 31, 1973, age 82.'16. Conrad O. Rogne, Ettrick, Wisconsin, July 5, 1973, age 84.'17. Yogve Jor a n son , Tavares,Florida, April 17, 1973, age 84., 19. Howard W. Reed, DaytonaBeach, Florida, July 20, 1973, age 80., 19. Albert L. Severeid , Portland,Oregon, July 14, 1973, age 78.'20. Frederick W. Mulsow, CedarRapids, Iowa, October 19, 1973, age 91.'21. Samuel Lerner, Chicago, Illinois,October 28, 1973, age 91.'21. C. Corbin Yancey, Sioux City,Iowa, November 8, 1973, age 82. '22. Morris W. Hert zfield, MortonGrove, Illinois, June 9, 1973, age 80.'23. Richard D. Evans, Santa Barbara, California, April, 1973, age 73.'24. William Simkin; Chicago, Illinois,November 13, 1973, age 89.'27. Wilfred S. Miller, Assumption, Illinois, August 24, 1973, age 76.'27. Walter R. Pendleton, LongBeach, California, November 18, 1973,age 74.'28. Jerry DeVries, Ottawa, Illinois,November 4, 1973, age 74.'30.Garland S. Rushing, Longview,Texas, June 19, 1973, age 73.'31. John J. Maisel, Phoenix,Arizona, September, 1973, age 69.'31. Peter Van Zante, Pella, Iowa,July 9, 1973, age 74.'32. Charles F. Leich, Evansville, Indiana, September 9, 1973, age 67.'33. Stephen A. Zieman, Mobile,Alabama, November 26, 1973, age 75.'34. Louis Feinberg, Chicago, Illinois,November 16, 1973, age 64.'37. Johann S. Bornstein, Chicago, Illinois, January 19, 1974, age 63.'37. Francis B. Gordon, Ashton,Maryland, October 21, 1973, age 68.'38. Daniel D. Sax, Chicago, Illinois,July 16, 1973, age 58.'39. Elias E. Long, Red Bank, NewJersey, October 22, 1973, age 58.Former StaffWilliam E. Adams (The James Nelsonand Anna Louise Raymond ProfessorEmeritus in the Department of Surgery;Faculty, '31-'67, Chairman, '59-'67)Hopkinton, Iowa, November 25, 1973,age 71.Albert M. Dunlap (Surgery-Otolaryngology, Visiting Professor, '43),Alexandria, Virginia, November 15,1973, age 89.Roger A lien Harvey (Radiology, Int.,'39-'40), Parker, Colorado, July 17,1973, age 63. (Dr. Harvey wasradiologist in chief and chairman, department of radiology, the University ofIllinois, '46--'70).Joseph F. Mor: (Zoller Dental Clinic,Department of Surgery, Intern and Assistant, '65-'68, Instructor and AssistantProfessor, '68-'73), South Holland, Illinois, October 10, 1973, age 33.Stanley P. Rigler (Surgery, Intern andResident, '52-'54, Instructor, '54-'58),Palos Verdes Penninsula, California,August 28, 1973, age 46.William H. Taliaferro (The EliakimHastings Moore Distinguished ServiceProfessor Emeritus of Microbiology;Faculty, '24-'60, Dean, '35-'44, Chairman, '32-'60), La Grange, Illinois, December 21, 1973, age 78.Departmental NewsAnatomyDr. R. Eric Lombard, Assistant Professor of Anatomy and the College presented a paper on "Functional Aspectsof the Middle Ear in Frogs" at the Midwest Anatomists Association Meeting inToledo, Ohio.Dr. Charles E. Oxnard is author ofForm and Pattern in Human Evolution:Some Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Approaches, published by TheUniversity of Chicago Press, 1973. Avariety of techniques are applied to thestudy of the bones of living and fossilprimates "to capture the functionallyimportant aspects" of shape and structure in human evolution. Dr. Oxnard isDean of the College and Professor ofAnatomy, Anthropology, the Committee on Evolutionary Biology and the College.Dr. Ronald Singer presented a paperon "Pereoneus Tertius: Evolutionaryand Functional Significance" at theMidwest Anatomists Association meeting. He also chaired a session and gavethe luncheon address. Dr. Singer is theRobert R. Bensley Professor of Biologyand Medical Sciences and Chairman ofthe Department of Anatomy. He is alsoProfessor of Anatomy, Anthropology,the College, Committee on EvolutionaryBiology, Committee on Genetics andCommittee on African Studies.Dr. Singer was a delegate of the National Academy of Sciences to the IXthINQUA (The International Union forQuaternary Research) Congress, December 1-10, in Christchurch, New Zealand. He presented two papers: "Trnpli-Leigh Van Valen. cations of East Anglian Glacial Stratigraphy for the British LowerPalaeolithic" and "Excavations at Clacton and Hoxne, U.K.: New Date on theBritish Middle Pleistocene." INQUAbrings together on a worldwide basis scientists in all disciplines concerned withthe history of man's environment andwith the processes by which environment and man's relation to that environment have evolved.AnesthesiologyPromotions: Dr. H. Elyassi has beenpromoted to Assistant Professor in theDepartment. Dr. Eleanor Homena hasbecome an Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology. Dr. In Won Kim has beenpromoted to Assistant Professor ofAnesthesiology.Dr. James O. Elam, Professor ofAnesthesiology and of Obstetrics andGynecology, is credited in the J ournal ofthe American Medical Association asbeing one of the doctors who perfectedthe mouth-to-mouth method of lung ventilation.Ben May laboratoryDr. Charles B. Huggins, the William B.Ogden Distinguished Service Professorin the Ben May Laboratory has beenelected to the board of governors of theWeizmann Institute of Science,Rohovot, Israel. Dr. Huggins receivedan honorary M.D. degree from the Medical College of Ohio at Toledo on October 12, 1973, and participated in thededication of a new building at the college. He also received an honorary fellowship from the Royal College ofPathologists in London, and in Octoberhe was honored by the American Col-Dr. Humberto Fernandez-Moran. lege of Surgeons which dedicated theProceedings of the surgical forum of itsclinical congress to Dr. Huggins.BiologyGeorge W. Beadle, the William E.Wrather Distinguished Service Professor of Biology and in the College, wasawarded an honorary doctor of sciencedegree at the dedication of ButlerUniversity's new science complex. Beadle, University President Emeritus andHonorary Trustee, was the principalspeaker at the ceremony.Leigh Van Valen, Associate Professorof Biology, Committee on EvolutionaryBiology, Committee on the ConceptualFoundation of Science, the Committeeon Genetics and in the College, is theauthor of "A New Evolutionary Law"and "Pattern and the Balance of N ature" in Evolutionary Theory. a newjournal. His law concerns the extinctionrate of biological orders or similar groupsthat have common ecological as well astaxonomic characteristics.Biophysics and Theoretical BiologyThis is a new Department which combines the previously existing Departments with physiologists principallyconcerned with cellular and theoreticalstudies. Robert Haselkorn, the Fanny L.Pritzker Professor of the Biological Sciences and in the College, is Chairman ofthis new Department. Haselkorn hasbeen a faculty member since 1961.Dr. Humberto Fernandez-Moran, theA. N. Pritzker Professor of BiologicalSciences, received Venezuela's highestscholastic award, the Order of AndresBello. The award is a certificate and goldmedal and was presented to him inCaracas on November 29 for excellencein science and education. Dr.Fernandez-Moran is a Venezuelan andRobert Haselkorn.37former minister of education in his nativecountry. In September he received theBolivar Medal of the Bolivarian Societyof the United States, presented to him inNew York. He was the first scientist toreceive the medal.MedicineAppointments: Dr. Morton Arnsdorfhasbeen appointed Assistant Professor ofMedicine. Dr. Arnsdorf was an internand resident from 1966 to 1969. Dr. Dimitrois Emmanuouel has been appointedan Instructor of Medicine (Nephrology).He was a resident from 1970 to 1973. Dr.Gary Franklin has become an Instructorand Trainee in the Department ofMedicine (Neurology). Dr. MariaMedenica has been appointed an Associate Professor of Medicine (Dermatology). She was a resident from 1960to 1963.Promotions: Dr. Robert W. P. Cutlerhas been promoted to Professor ofMedicine. Dr. Edward N. Ehrlich hasbecome a Professor of Medicine. Dr.Raul E. Falicov has become an Associate Professor of Medicine. Dr.Sumner Kraft ('55) has been promoted toProfessor of Medicine. Dr. Ann Lawrence has been promoted to Professor ofMedicine.Dr. Jafar AI-Sadir, Assistant Professor of Medicine presented" Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Acute InferiorMyocardial Infarction" at the 46thscientific session of the American HeartAssociation meeting in Atlantic City.Dr. Edward P. Cohen, Associate Professor of Medicine, Microbiology, andLa Rabida Institute, has been namedprincipal investigator of a two-year,$33,000 grant from the National ScienceFoundation for study of "Metabolism ofThymus- Leukemia Antigens."Dr. Adrian l. Katz, Associate Professor of Medicine, has been awarded afour-year, $119,500 grant from the National Institutes of Health for the studyof "Na-K-AT Pase and Renal TubularTransport of Sodium." Dr. MarshallLindheimer, Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Medicine,is co-investigator. On November 29 Dr.Katz lectured on "Sodium MetabolismDuring the Hypothyroid State" at theU.S. Public Health Service Hospital atStaten Island, New York.Dr. T. William Lester ('41), Professorof Medicine is president of the JacksonPark Branch of the Chicago MedicalSociety.Dr. Joseph B. Kirsner and Dr. JoaoC. Prolla are co-authors of Handbookand Atlas of Gastrointestinal ExfoliateCytology, published by The Universityof Chicago Press, 1973. The volume is38 illustrated with color plates and describes diagnosis methods in gastrointestinal cancer developed during the last 20years at the University. Dr. Kirsner isthe Louis Block Professor of Medicine,Deputy Dean for Medical Affairs in theDivision and Chief of the Clinical Staff.Dr. Prolla, a former Kellog FoundationFellow, is associate professor ofmedicine at the University of PortoAlegre, Brazil.On January 25-26 Dr. Kirsner discussed "Gastrointestinal Neoplasia" atthe American College of Physiciansmeeting in Champaign, Illinois; onMarch 6 "Inflammatory Bowel Disease" at Geneva Community Hospital,Geneva, Illinois; on March 11-13"Cancer of the Digestive Tract and Gastrointestinal Immunology" at the Institute of Gastroenterology, Good Samaritan Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona; and onMarch 20 "Ulcerative Colitis in Childhood and Adolescence" at Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine,Maywood, Illinois.Dr. Sumner Kraft ('55), Professor ofMedicine, participated in a symposiumon inflammatory bowel disease at theMedical College of Ohio in Toledo.Dr. Richard Landau, Professor ofMedicine and in the College, is editor ofRegulating New Drugs, proceedings of aDecember, 1972, international conference at the University's Center for Continuing Education.Dr. Ann M. Lawrence, Professor ofMedicine, and Dr. Arthur H. Rubenstein, Associate Professor of Medicine,participated in a conference in Milwaukee on "Diabetes for the PracticingPhysician. "Dr. Daniel J. McCarty, Professor ofMedicine and Chief of the Section of Arthritis and Metabolism, attended the13th International Rheumatology Congress in Kyoto, Japan, in October anddelivered a paper on "SystemicMetabolic Abnormalities in Patientswith Pseudogout (PG) or Osteoarthritis(OA). "Dr. Irwin H. Rosenberg, AssociateProfessor of Medicine and Chief of theSection of Gastroenterology, has beennamed chairman of a seven-memberpanel to review vitamins, minerals, andhematinic drug products and to makerecommendations on an over-thecounter sales policy for these products.Dr. John E. Ultmann, Professor ofMedicine and Director of the CancerResearch Center, has been named associate editor of Cancer Researchmagazine for a three-year term. Dr.Ultmann presented a paper on "Experience with Staging Laparotomy" at theSymposium on Non-Hodgkin's Lyrn- Dr. Richard Landau.phomas in London. Co-author was Dr.Edgar M. Moran, Assistant Professor ofMedicine in the Franklin McLeanMemorial Research Institute.Drs. Edward Ehrlich, Ann Lawrence,Richard Landau, Arthur Rubenstein�allProfessors of Medicine (Endocrinology),and Drs. Samuel Refetoff, AssociateProfessor of Medicine and RobertRosenfield, Assistant Professor inPediatrics, participated in the ChicagoMedical Society's Postgraduate Coursein Internal Medicine on November 8-10.All members of the Dermatology Section participated in a program of unusualdermatologic case presentations arranged for a fall meeting of the ChicagoDermatologic Society.MicrobiologyPromotion: Alvin Markovitz has beenpromoted to Professor of Microbiology.Obstetrics and GynecologyPromotions: Dr. Marluce Bibbo hasbeen promoted to Associate Professor ofObstetrics and Gynecology, Section ofCytology. Dr. Gebhard F. B.Schumacher has become a Professor inthe Department.Dr. James L. Burks, Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the College, and H. Rex Lewis, Associate Director of Chaplaincy Services at theUniversity'S Hospitals and Clinics, conducted four two-hour training sessionsfor the Chicago Police Department onmedical and counselling aspects on rape.Dr. Luis A. Cibils the Mary CampauRyerson Professor of Obstetrics andGynecology, will chair the afternoonsession of the Chicago GynecologicalSociety Meeting on May 17.Dr. Marluce 8ibbo.Dr. Gebhard F. B. Schumacher, Professor in the Department and Chief ofthe Reproductive Biology Section, gavea seminar on "Biochemistry of HumanGenital Secretions and Its Significancefor Fertility and Contraception" onNovember 26 at the Chicago MedicalSchool.Dr. Schumacher has been invited toserve on the steering committee of theWHO Task Force on Methods for theRegulation of Sperm Migration in theHuman Female, March 20-22, inGeneva, Switzerland.Dr. Joseph Seitchik, professor andchairman of the department of obstetricsand gynecology, University of Texas,San Antonio, was the Diamond JubileeVisiting Professor for 1973 at ChicagoLying-in Hospital. During his visit helectured, attended rounds, and conducted a seminar entitled "An Experimental Freshman Elective on Reproduction." The professorship is sponsoredannually by the CLI Women's Board.Dr. Douglas R. Shanklin, Professor ofObstetrics and Gynecology and ofPathology, participated in the 15th Congress of Medicine for Central America inSan Jose, Costa Rica. He gave a threeday course on "Placental Examinationand Disease" and lectures on "ThePathogenesis of Hyaline MembraneDisease" and "N utrition, Pregnancy,and Malformations."Eric J. Singh, Research Associate(Associate Professor) in the Departmenthas been invited to present a paper on"Glycerides and Sterol Esters onHuman Cervical Mucus" at the RoundTable on Ovulation Prediction, April�, in Rome, Italy.Dr. Frederick P. Zuspan, the Joseph Dr. Frank W. Newell.Bolivar De Lee Professor and Chairmanof the Department, participated in the84th annual meeting of the AmericanAssociation of Obstetricians andGynecologists in September. He spokeon 'The Role of Biogenic Amines andThermogenesis in the Female."The following presented papers at theannual meeting of the American Societyof Cytology in Salt Lake City inNovember, 1973: Drs. Marluce Bibbo,Mojmir G. Sonek, both Associate Professors in the Department, and Dr.George L. Wied, the Blum-Riese Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology andPathology and Chief of the Section ofCytology. Miss Catherine M. Keebler,educational co-ordinator, also deliveredpapers.OphthalmologyDr. Frank Newell, the James and AnnaLouise Raymond Professor and Chairman of Ophthalmology, was namedpresident-elect of the AmericanAcademy of Ophthalmology andOtolaryngology. He will assume thepresidency next October when theacademy meets in Miami.Dr. Newell was reappointed Chairman for a three-year term effectiveJanuary I, 1974. On November 9, 1973,he lectured on "Macular Edema" at thededication of the new eye center at DukeUniversity. On November 15-17 he lectured on "Future Studies in Ocular Involvement in Systemic Disease" at an international symposium on systemic disease and eye at the University of Iowa.The Department has received an annual grant of $5,000 in unrestricted fundsfrom Research to Prevent Blindness,Inc. PathologyAppointment: Dr. Chaim Lichtig hasbeen appointed an Assistant Professor ofPathology. Dr. Lichtig received hisM.D. degree in 1956 from EscolaPaulista de Medicina in Sao Paulo,Brazil. He was a Visiting Assistant Professor at The University of Chicagofrom 1971 to 1973. Previously, he hadbeen vice chairman, department ofpathology, Rambam Hospital, Haifa, Israel.Promotions: Dr. Sharon L. Thomsenhas been promoted to Assistant Professor in the Department.Dr. James Bowman has been appointed to the editorial board ofLaboratory Medicine. Dr. Bowman is aProfessor of Pathology, Medicine, theCommittee on Genetics, and in the College, and Medical Director of theUniversity's Hospitals and ClinicsBlood Bank, Director of Laboratories,and Director of the ComprehensiveSickle Cell Center.Dr. Gerald Byrne, Assistant Professor of Pathology, and Dr. FrancisStraus, II, ('57), Associate Professor ofPathology, participated in the fall meeting of the American Society of ClinicalPathologists and the College of American Pathologists in Chicago.Dr. Josephine Morello, Director ofClinical Microbiology and AssociateProfessor of Pathology and Medicine,was elected a fellow of the AmericanAcademy of Microbiology.Dr. Robert W. Wissler ('49), theDonald N. Pritzker Professor of Pathology and in the College, discussed" Differences Between Human and AnimalAtherosclerosis" at the Third International Symposium on Atherosclerosis inWest Berlin, October 25-28. He wasco-chairman of the conference. On October 29 he received an honorary degreeof doctor of philosophy from the University of Heidelberg for his research in themorphology and physiology of arterywalls.PediatricsAppointments: Dr. Richard W. Newcomb has been appointed Medical Director of La Rabida-University ofChicago I nstitute of Pediatrics. Dr.Newcomb received his M.D. degree in1957 from Johns Hopkins University andhad been a clinical assistant professor ofPediatrics at the University of ColoradoMedical Center.In the last issue we announced Dr.Joseph F. Terrizzi's appointment as Assistant Professor of Pediatrics. At thesame time we should have reported thathe was appointed Medical Director,39Mental Development Clinic, Joseph P.Kennedy, Jr. Mental Retardation Research Center. Dr. Terrizzi received hisM.D. degree in 1968 from NorthwesternUniversity.Promotions: Dr. Robert L. Rosenfieldhas been promoted to Associate Professor of Pediatrics.Pharmacological and Physiological SciencesThis Department has been recentlyformed, merging members of the formerDepartment of Pharmacology withmembers of the former Department ofPhysiology who are primarily concernedwith systems and organs. Dr. AlfredHeller ('60), Professor of Pharmacological and Physiological Sciences, willserve as the new Chairman.PsychiatryAppointment: Dr. Beverly NobleFauman has been appointed an Instructor in the Department. Dr. Faumanearned her M.D. degree in 1968 fromTufts University in Boston. She completed internship at V. A. Hospital InBoston and her residency ('70-'73) atThe University of Chicago.Dr. Daniel X. Freedman, the LouisBlock Professor and Chairman ofPsychiatry, received the City of HopeMedical Center A ward for his researchin the pharmacological aspects ofpsychiatry. The award was presentedDecember 9 in Chicago.The Drug Abuse Council, Inc.,Washington, D.C., has prepared a new30-minute film involving Dr. EdwardSenay, Associate Professor ofPsychiatry and Director of the IllinoisDrug Abuse Program (lDAP), and Dr.Patrick Hughes, Assistant Professor inthe Department. The film, tentatively titled "Altgeld Gardens-What Happened to Heroin?" concerns the DayOne project of IDAP and theUniversity's Department of Psychiatry.IDAP and the University worked with acommunity organization in the AltgeldGardens housing project on Chicago'sfar South Side to establish a new "bestfriends" approach to a recent heroin"epidemic" in the public housing project.RadiologyAppointments: Dr. Nicholas Patronashas been appointed an Instructor ofRadiology. Dr. Patronas received hisM.D. degree in 1966 from Salonica University Medical School in Greece. Heinterned at Edgewater Hospital,Chicago, and took his residency at theUniversity of Illinois from 1970 to 1973.Promotions: Dr. John J. Fennessy has40 been promoted to Professor of Radiology.Dr. Lawrence H. Lanzi, Professor ofRadiology and the Franklin McLeanMemorial Research Institute, returnedin February after two months at theBhabha Atomic Research Center inIndia, lecturing and advising in researchin physics applied to medicine with emphasis on radiation. He also assisted inthe development of a graduate programin medical physics at the University ofBombay.Dr. James Williams, Professor ofRadiology is taking a sabbatical 10Hawaii.The following participated in the nuclear medicine and diagnosis section onthe Radiological Society of NorthAmerica meeting in Chicago, November25-30, 1973: Drs. George Bartovich,Research Associate in the Department;Harry Genant, Assistant Professor ofRadiology; Paul V. Harper, Jr., Professor of Radiology, Surgery, and theFranklin McLean Memorial Institute;Paul B. Hoffer (,63), Associate Professor and Acting Chairman of Radiology;Jay C. Mall, Assistant Professor ofRadiology; William H. McCartney, Resident and Trainee in the Department;Daniel Paloyan ('64), Assistant Professor of Radiology; and Marc R. Tetalman, I nstructor in the Department.SurgeryAppointments: Dr. William G. Hagstrom has been appointed Assistant Professor of Surgery (Plastic Surgery) on apart-time basis. Dr. Hagstrom will alsocontinue his private practice in Chicago.Dr. Louis W. Kolb (,62) has been ap-Dr. Raul Hinojosa. pointed an Associate Professor ofSurgery (Orthopedic Surgery) on a parttime basis. Dr. Kolb served his residency at The University of Chicago andwas a member of the faculty until 1962,when he entered private practice. He is afellow of the American College ofSurgeons, the American RheumatismAssociation, the American Academy ofOrthopedic Surgery, the ProfessionalFootball Physicians Association, andthe Illinois Orthopedic Society. Dr.Kolb has a major interest in sportsmedicine and in trauma and is a consultant to the Chicago Bears and theChicago Blackhawks.Dr. Stuart Landa has been appointedto Associate Professor of Surgery andActing Chief of Plastic Surgery on apart-time basis. Dr. Landa will continuehis private practice in Chicago.David Turriff has been appointed aResearch Associate (Assistant Professor) in the Department (Neurosurgery).A Ph.D. candidate, he will work withDr. Ramon Lim on his cancer grant.Promotions: Dr. Constantine Anagnostopoulos has been promoted to Associate Professor of Surgery (Thoracicand Cardiovascular).Dr. Phillip G. Spiegel has been appointed an Associate Professor in theDepartment (Orthopedic Surgery). Heearned his M.D. degree at Northwestern University and has been at the University of Southern California.Dr. Robert Butler, Professor ofSurgery and Psychology, was programchairman for the 17th annual meeting ofthe Committee for Research inOtolaryngology. Participants were Dr.Raul Hinojosa and Dr. Leonard Proctor,Dr. Jack de la Torre.both Associate Professors of Otolaryngology.Dr. Kishan Chand, Associate Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, became a fellow in the American College ofSurgeons.Dr. Jack de la Torre, Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery, delivered apaper on "Treatment of Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) of Experimental Paraplegia Subsequent to Spinal CordTrauma, " at the third annual meeting ofthe Society for Neuroscience in SanDiego in November, 1973. Co-authorswere Dr. John F. Mullan, the JohnHarper Seeley Professor ofNeurosurgery and Director of the BrainResearch Institute, and Dr. CharlesJohnson, a former resident. Dr. de laTorre also discussed the experimentaluse of DMSO in trauma at the SecondSymposium on DMSO at the New YorkAcademy of Sciences on January 9-11.Dr. Ralph E. Naunton, Professor ofSurgery and Chief of the Section ofOtolaryngology, and Stanley Zerlin, Research Associate in the Department,have developed a new hearing test whichhelps in easier and more accurate diagnosis of disabilities of the ear in smallchildren. The computerized test automatically gauges responses of the brainand certain nerves during stimulation ofthe auditory system. It was reported inthe November 12, 1973, Journal of theAmerican Medical Association.Dr. David B. Skinner, the Dallas B.Phemister Professor and Chairman ofSurgery, was the 1973 Edward D.Churchhill Lecturer at the 27th annualmeeting of the Excelsior Surgical Society in Oakbrook, Illinois. The society'sDr. Ralph F. Naunton. membership consists of surgeons whoserved ·under Dr. Church hill in theMediterranean Theatre in World War II.Those who presented scientific paperswere Dr. Donald Ferguson, Paul V.Harper, Gerald Laros, John Mullan,Robert Replogle, and Frank Stuart, allProfessors.The following members of the Sectionof Otolaryngology presented papers atthe 78th annual meeting of the AmericanAcademy of Ophthalmology andOtolaryngology September 18-21, 1973,in Dallas: Dr. Ralph F. Naunton andStanley Zerlin, "Electrophysiologic Indices of Auditory Activity: Functionaland Diagnostic Considerations"; Dr.Leonard R. Proctor, "Analysis of EyeMovement Recordings" and"Modification of Bithermal CaloricTest"; Dr. Gregory J. Matz, AssociateProfessor of Surgery, "Ototoxicity ofNew and Old Drugs"; and Dr. RaulHinojosa, "Electron MiscroscopicStudies of Postnatal Development of theInner Ear of the Cat."Zoller. Dental ClinicDr. Frank Besic, Professor Emeritus ofDental Surgery, was honored by his colleagues at a retirement dinner on September 14, 1973. Dr. Besic retired onOctober 1, after serving as Chief of theClinical Services for the past six years.He has been associated with the clinicsince 1947. Dr. Besic plans to continuehis research with enamel caries andelectron-probe analysis of the chemicalelements found in the enamel of teeth.Dr. John E. Robinson, Professor ofDental Surgery, has been elected presi-Dr. Peter Rosen. dent of the Federation of ProsthodonticOrganizations.Divisional GeneralPromotions: Dr. Peter Rosen has beenpromoted to Professor in the Division ofthe Biological Sciences. Dr. Rosen isalso the Director of the Billings HospitalEmergency Room and of the EmergencyMedicine Residency Program.Alumni News1907The Bulletin of the American College ofSurgeons for November, 1973, carried atribute to Dr. Evarts Ambrose Graham,who performed the first successful onestage excision of lung tissue for lungcancer and developed methods to visualize the gall bladder in living patients.Dr. Graham held a fellowship at Rushfrom 1910 to 1914 and was an Instructorfrom 1914 to 1919. Dr. Graham died in1957.1921Roy R. Grinker, Sr., founder and director of the Michael Reese Psychosomaticand Psychiatric Institute, received thePresident's Medal of Michael ReeseMedical Center, Chicago, for "contributions to the health and welfare of mankind." President LeRoy A. Peschawarded Grinker the first such medal atthe hospital's annual dinner in October.Dr. Grinker received the AmericanPsychiatric Association's DistinguishedService Award in 1972 and the Professional Achievement Award of The University of Chicago in 1970.Dr. Roy A. Grinker.411926Hugh C. Graham, a pediatrician inTulsa, Oklahoma, was elected vice president of the U.S. Figure Skating Association last May and is the co-team leaderfor the U.S. World Figure Skating Teamcompeting in March in Munich, Germany.1928Ruth Herrick of Lowell, Michigan, retired from a dermatology practice in July"to live with and in my private museumof pattern glass and primitives."1929Noel G. Shaw of Evanston, Illinois, retired from his practice of pediatrics after43 years.1935Last year Irving E. Slott of Chicago waschosen by the house staff as best attending physician of the Columbus-CuneoCabrini Medical Center.1937Jacob S. Aronoff, affiliated with the department of otolaryngology at MountSinai Hospital, New York, and plasticsurgery department of Montefiore Hospital, spent October and November performing facial cosmetic surgery in London, Lisbon, Barcelona, Nairobi, andAthens. He also managed to go on asafari in Kenya and Tanzania, but hewas not allowed to operate on the animals. He says he still does not knowwhich is the more difficult operation: arhinoplasty on a rhinoceros or a face andneck lift on a giraffe.Clayton G. Loosli received the Distinguished Alumnus of the Year awardof The University of Chicago Club ofLos Angeles in recognition of outstanding achievement and service to society.Dr. Loosli is the Hastings Professor ofMedicine and Pathology and medical director of the Hastings Foundation, University of Southern California.Joseph Post writes that his son Davidgraduated from The University ofChicago in 1971 and his younger sonTom is now a senior in English. Dr. Postdivides his time between his privatepractice of gastroenterology and tumorcell biology research at New York University where he is a professor of clinicalmedicine.Charles H. Rammelkamp of Cleveland received the following honors in1973: election to the National Academyof Sciences, the Bristol Award from theInfectious Disease Society of America,the Harry Dowling Lectureship Awardof the University of Illinois, and the outstanding civilian service medal of theUnited States Army.42 Leon Seidman has been appointed director of emergency services and a boardmember at Mt. Sinai' Hospital, Chicago.1938Robert J. Hasterlik has been appointedprofessor of medicine at the Universityof Southern California School ofMedicine. He was clinical professor ofmedicine at the University of Californiaat San Diego.David S. Pankratz has retired to Oxford, Mississippi, and writes that hekeeps busy with volunteer work in mental health, cancer, and heart disease. Dr.Pankratz was dean of the University ofMississippi Medical School from 1946 to1960 and later was senior staff psychiatrist at the Tennessee Psychiatric Hospital and Institute.H. Gladys Spear of Milwaukee is anactive alumna. Besides a full-timepsychiatric practice, she serves on theboard of the Milwaukee Alcolholism Association and the Milwaukee CountyMedical Society Committee on Alcoholism. In her spare time she is anumismatist (U.S. and British Commonwealth), art and sculpture collector,rock hound, and jewelry maker. She alsotravels extensively and spent the holidays in London.1943William Stone writes that he retired inJune from the practice of anesthesiologyat Salt Lake City and moved to SantaFe, New Mexico.Robert W. Jamplis, executive directorof the Palo Alto Clinic, becamepresident-elect of the American Association of Medical Clinics at its annualmeeting in Los Angeles in September.Dr. Jamplis is a clinical professor ofsurgery at Stanford University School ofMedicine and varsity football teamphysician.1944David Hellyer left private practice ofpediatrics to become assistant professorof clinical pediatrics at the University ofWashington. He is also director of theSouthwest Washington Muscular Dystrophy Clinic.1945Harry W. Fischer, professor and chairman of the department of radiology atthe University of Rochester School ofMedicine and Dentistry, writes he is"anticipating the opening of the newStrong Memorial Hospital with its greatnew radiology department."C. Frederick Kittle, professor ofcardio-vascular-thoracic surgery at RushMedical College, has been appointed director of the section of thoracic surgery at Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center.Peter Moulder has been appointedprofessor of thoracic and cardiovascularsurgery at the University of Florida College of Medicine in Gainesville. He hadbeen professor of surgery at the U niversity of Pennsylvania.1946Herbert E. Warden received a specialaward from the American Heart Association and its West Virginia affiliate forservice to the organizations. Dr. Wardenis a professor of thoracic and generalsurgery at West Virginia UniversitySchool of Medicine. His special researchis in the field of prosthetic heart valvesand in methods of revascularizing heartmuscles following coronary occlusion.1947John V. Denko of Amarillo was electedpresident of the Texas Panhandle Medical Society for 1973-74 and vice councilor of District No. 3 Texas MedicalAssociation.Donald F. McBride says he has a singular distinction. He is president-elect ofthe Medical Library Club of DesMoines, Iowa.1948Robert K. Adamson writes: "I've leftprivate practice after 20 years to be incharge of an outpatient psychotherapydepartment and chief of psychiatry atone of the Kaiser system's medical centers in Hayward, California. There arelots of good clinical problems, some administration, and a whole new set ofchallenges. "1949Nancy Warner was elected to AlphaOmega Alpha the University of Southern California School of Medicine chapter. There, she is professor and chairmanof the department of pathology.1951Ethel M. Bonn is director of the FortLogan Mental Health Center in Denver.She has held the position since 1967.William M. Smith, former AssistantSurgeon General, retired from the U.S.Public Health Service in June and accepted an appointment as clinical professor of medicine and associate dean at theUniversity of California at San Francisco. He also was appointed medical director of San Francisco General Hospital.1952Donald F. Tapley, associate dean forfaculty affairs at Columbia UniversityCollege of Physicians and Surgeons, wasnamed acting dean of the faculty ofmedicine.Andrew E. Lorincz is professor ofpediatrics and director of the Center forDevelopmental and Learning Disordersat the University of Alabama, Birmingham.1953Richard S. Homer of Northridge,California, writes he is assistant clinicalprofessor of medicine (dermatology) atUCLA School of Medicine. This year heis president of the San Fernando ValleyDermatologic Society.Robert S. Levine of Grand Rapidswas appointed clinical associate professor of surgery at Michigan State University in July.Marjorie Montague Wilson ofYakima, Washington, is medical directorof the Southeast Yakima CommunityCenter.1954James W. Crawford of Evanston, Illinois, is a clinical associate professor inthe department of psychiatry at the University of Illinois and chairman of thedepartment of psychiatry at Ravenswood Hospital Medical Center,Chicago.Peter D. King is president of the LosAngeles Group Psychotherapy Societyfor 1972-74, associate clinical professorof psychiatry at USC Medical School,and senior instructor at SouthernCalifornia Psychoanalytic Institute. Hisrecent research has been in early infantile autism.1958Myron Jacobson is associate chief ofsurgery at Maimonides Medical Centerand clinical associate professor ofsurgery at State University of NewYork, Downstate Medical Center,Brooklyn.John T. McEnery is secretary of theChicago Pediatric Society. Dr. McEnery lives in Oak Park, Illinois.1959Richard De Gowin has been promoted tofull professor at the University of Iowa,where he has a joint appointment in thedepartments of internal medicine andradiology.1961Owen Rennert is a visiting professorat the University of Berne, Switzerland,1973-74. Dr. Rennert is professor ofpediatrics at the University of Florida,Gainesville.1962Daniel A. DeVries of Grand Rapids was inducted as a fellow of the AmericanCollege of Surgeons at its October meeting.1963Harold N. Bass of the KaiserPermanente Medical Center departmentof pediatrics in Panorama City and thedivision of medical genetics at UCLApresented a paper at the Society ofPediatric Research meeting in San Francisco in May. Dr. Bass also is activelyinvolved in the pediatric nurse practitioner training department at theKaiser-Permanente facilities in SouthernCalifornia.Donald Heistad received the CecileLeyman Mayer Research A ward of theAmerican College of Chest Physicians.He is associate professor of medicine atthe University of Iowa.Michael Kinney writes: "I waspromoted to medical director in theU.S. Public Health Service and amassociate chiefofthe renal unit, USPHS,Staten Island, New York. I have published my sixth research paper, beenmade a fellow of the American Collegeof Physicians, am farming in westernNew Jersey, and best of all, we havejust had our first child-a girl! Reservea place in the school of medicine."1964Edward N. Brody writes from Paris,France: "I have just been promoted toMaitre de Recherche (more or less theequivalent of associate professor) in theCNRS, the French scientific civil service. My laboratory continues to workon messenger regulation of T4 infectedcells and on the mechanism of promoterselection by RNA polymerase."1965Hugh Firemark is assistant professor ofneurology at Harbor General Hospital,University of California at Los Angeles.Maxwell S. Maillis of Potomac, Maryland, has started a cardiology practice inSpringfield, Virginia. He also is assistantclinical professor of medicine at GeorgeWashington University.Lawrence S. Ross completed twoyears as chief of urology for the U.S.Public Health Service Hospital and consultant to the Baltimore Cancer Research Center, National Cancer Institute, Baltimore. Dr. Ross now has entered private practice in Chicago and isaffiliated with Michael Reese MedicalCenter.1966Edward Haines will be at R. W. BlissHospital, Ft. Huachuca, Arizona, for 18months and then will enter private practice of general surgery at Tucson. Jeffery Karasick (Neurosurgery internand Resident, 1967-1973) has becomeaffiliated with Weiss Memorial Hospitalin Chicago.Norman Leaf and his family havemoved to Los Angeles, where Dr. Leafis a full-time plastic surgeon with theSouthern California Permanente Medical Group. He completed his residencyat The University of Chicago.Wesley D. Ulrich has written fromMafraq, Jordan, where he is presentlyworking as staff physician with WorldPresbyterian Missions at the AnoorSanatorium for Chest Diseases. Thenew sanatorium was dedicated last August and will be capable of serving 60in-patients. Mafraq is located in northernJordan.1967Paul A. Lange has been appointed staffpsychiatrist at the Psychiatric Institutein Washington, D.C., and a member ofthe clinical faculty, department ofpsychiatry and behavioral sciences, atGeorge Washington University MedicalCenter.1968Daniel S. Blumenthal has a new positionwith the U.S. Public Health Service inAtlanta, Georgia, as an EIS officer,parasitic diseases branch, of the Centerfor Disease Control.Leonard Korn has moved from Madison, Wisconsin, to Portsmouth, NewHampshire, to become medical directorof the Seacoast Regional CounselingCenter. He writes: "My interests of relating mental health care to the overallstructure and functioning of a community will be tried in this very pleasant regional setting."Gordon H. Stoltzner is a scientist atthe Gerontology Research Center, Baltimore City Hospital, and an assistantprofessor in the sub-department of dermatology at Johns Hopkins University.He had been Assistant Professor ofmedicine at The University of Chicago.John J. Weiter (Intern, Resident, andTrainee in Opthalmology, 1968-1973) iswith the biophysics division, Navy Medical Research Institute, National NavalMedical Center, Bethesda, Maryland.David Kindig is co-director of the Institute of Health Team Development ofthe U.S. Public Health Service. Theproject is supported by a grant from theRobert Wood Johnson Foundation. Dr.Kindig recently completed a study involving the assignment of health careprofessionals to under-served communities throughout the country.1969Aileen and Ernest Stiller are parents of a43second son, born on December 5. Aileencompleted her residency at ChicagoLying-in Hospital and is in private practice in Blue Island, Illinois. Ernest hasone more year in orthopedic surgery atthe University of Illinois.1970Robert Karp and his wife announce thebirth of their second child, a boy namedDavid Arnold, on September 14. Dr.Karp is with the 9th Medical Detachment of the U.S. Army.M. Jane Mutti is a third-year residentin pathology and laboratory medicine atthe University of Washington in Seattle.1971Robert Chaffee completed his internshipand one year of residency at the University of Washington Hospital in Seattleand is a lieutenant in the medical corps ofthe USNR with the 3rd Marine Divisionstationed at Camp Courtney, Okinawa.Ronald M. Klar has been appointeddirector, Office of Health Financing Policy Development of the Department ofHealth, Education and Welfare. Dr.Klar lives in Falls Church, Virginia.Mark Schiffer (Intern and Resident inPediatrics, 1971-1973) is an associate atthe U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare (NIH), Bethesda,Maryland.1972Paul A. Gallagher is a second-year resident in family medicine at Harbor General Hospital, University of California atLos Angeles.Branimir Sikic will complete his residency in internal medicine atGeorgetown University Hospital inJune, 1975, and then begin work as a research associate at the laboratory of toxicology, National Cancer Institute,Bethesda, Maryland, for two years.1973Hwyel Madoc-Jones was elected to Betaof the Illinois Chapter of Alpha OmegaAlpha for excellence in the work of themedical school. His name should haveappeared in the list of AOA members inthe last issue of Medicine on the Midway(page 11).Former StaffC. Knight Aldridge (Psychiatry Professor '55-'71) has been named professor ofpsychiatry at the University of VirginiaSchool of Medicine.Peter Altner (Orthopedic Surgery Resident '62-'66) has been promoted toprofessor at The Chicago MedicalSchool.Frank R. Barta, Sr. (Neurology Resident '42) is clinical director of the Tide-44 Dr. C. Knight Aldrich.lands Mental Health Center in Washington, North Carolina.Paul Rich Dinsmore (Medicine Intern, 58) published "Lithium in SchizoAffective Illness"in Diseases of theNervous System, December, 1972. Dr.Dinsmore lives in Cambridge, Massachusetts.Robert A. Fink (Neurological SurgeryIntern and Resident '63-'65) has beencertified by the American Board ofNeurological Surgery and appointed aninstructor at the University of Californiaof Medicine in San Francisco. He has aprivate practice in Berkeley.John Patterson Gerber (PsychiatryResident '69) is chief of psychiatry atVeterans Administration ResearchHospital, Chicago.Noel P. Hayden (Zoller Resident'66-'68) is chief of the section of dentaland oral surgery at Barneys MedicalCenter, a pediatric hospital in Dayton,Ohio.William M. Landau (Intern '47), headof the department of neurology atWashington University School ofMedicine, has been named co-head ofthe school's newly created departmentof neurology and neurological surgery.Stanford Lambert (Medicine AssistantProfessor '70-'73) has an appointment inthe department of dermatology at JohnsHopkins Medical School.Owen Mathieu, Jr. (Pediatrics Internand Chief Resident '71-'73) completedhis residency and moved to Rochester,New York.Virginia Maurer (Surgery Intern andResident '71-'73) is now at the department of surgery, University of Toronto.Albert H. Niden (Medicine Resident,Assistant, and Associate Professor'56-'64) has been named professor ofmedicine at the Charles R. Drew Postgraduate Medical School, Los Angeles,and chief of pulmonary diseases at KingHospital. He was formerly director of the pulmonary disease section of TempleUniversity School of Medicine.Robert Palmer (Medicine Intern, Resident, Assistant, and Associate Professor '5�'73) has accepted an appointment at Rockefeller University, NewYork.Theodore Pullman (Medicine Professor '59-'73) is professor of medicine atNorthwestern University MedicalSchool and associate chief of staff atVeterans Administration ResearchHospital.Kenneth Prager (Medicine ChiefResident'72) is now in Englewood, NewJersey.Lawrence Resnick (Medicine Internand Resident '70-'73) has moved toRiverdale, New York.Edwin Rosenblum (Pediatric Neurology Resident and Trainee '6�'73) isnow in Albany, New York.Michael Rumelt (OphthalmologyResident'70-'73) has moved to Greenbrae, California.Richard A. Cachson (Medicine Internand Resident'6�'70) is completeing anendocrine fellowship at MassachusettsGeneral Hospital and will practice endocrinology in Dallas beginning July,1974.Alan Samuels (Medicine Resident andTrainee '71-'73) has moved to Memphis,Tennessee.Harvey Sanders (Plastic SurgeryResident'72) has joined the departmentof surgery at Vanderbilt UniversitySchool of Medicine.Paul W. Schafer (Surgery Intern andDr. Dallas B. Phemister's Chief Resident '39-'47) is chief of thoracic surgeryand chief of electron microscopy at theU.S. Veterans Administration Hospitalin Washington, D.C. In August he wasappointed professor of surgery atGeorgetown University Medical School.Henry E. Simmons (Medicine Intern'57) was named Deputy Assistant Secretary for Health in the Department ofHealth, Education and Welfare. Previously, he was director of the Bureau ofDrugs in the Food and Drug Administration. Since 1970 he also has been a clinical associate professor of medicine atGeorge Washington University.Jerome Starr (Medicine and Assistant'71-'73) is living in Worcester, Massachusetts.Richard Stokes (Ob-Gyn Intern andResident '69-'73) is stationed at Vandenberg Air Force Hospital, Lompoc,California.Albert Swafford (Surgery Intern andResident '71-'73) has moved to Cincinnati, Ohio.Kenneth W. Teich (Resident '65) isassociate medical director of Women'sHealth Services, Inc., in Pittsburgh.Formerly, he was chairman of the department of obstetrics and gynecology atPennsylvania Hospital, McKeesport.Yasukuni Tsuji (Surgery '61 under Dr.William E. Adams) is director ofNagasaki University Hospital. Dr. Tsujihas been working on lung transplantations, cardiac cancer, and liver cancer.He is a member of the Japan ScienceCouncil.Fabian U dekwu (Surgery trainingunder Dr. William E. Adams) is head ofthe department of surgery, University ofNigeria Training Hospital, Enugu,Nigeria. Dr. Udekwu is secretary of theNigerian College of Surgeons.Sharon Van Meter (Pathology Internand Resident '70-'73) is living inAlameda, California.Katherine Wier (Medicine Residentand Trainee' '72) is at NorthwesternUniversity Medical Scoooi.Some of the local alumni attending theNovember 27, 1973, meeting in Chicago were:(top) Dr. Catherine L. Dobson ('30), presidentof the alumni association, and (bottom, left toright) Dr. Julius E. Ginsberg (,32) and Dr. LeonO. Jacobson ('39), Dean of the medical school. Roland Winterfield (Medicine Resident and Trainee '72) is living in Rochester, Minnesota.Dimitrois Zervoudakis (Surgery Resident '71-'73) has moved to Toronto,Canada.Also ...Sidney Blatt (Medicine Resident '72)has moved to Salt Lake City, Utah.Warren Bolton (Medicine Resident'72) has become affiliated with the University of Virginia Medical School,Charlottesville.Monique Camerlain (Neurology Resident '72) is currently with the Rheumatic Diseases Unit, Centre HospitalierUniversiaire, Universite de Sherbrooke,Quebec, Canada.Richard Juberg (Pediatric ResidentInstructor' 59-'61) is currently a profes-Also attending the November Chicago alumnimeeting were: (top) Dr. Clifford W. Gurney('5 I), Deputy Dean for the Clinical Sciences,and (bottom, left to right) Dr. Edward S. Peterson (Resident '48-51) and Dr. Victor Levine('29). sor of pediatrics at Louisiana State U niversity School of Medicine, Shreveport.Victor V. Kitt (Surgery-Otolaryngology. '79-'73) has becomeaffiliated with the Springfield IllinoisClinic.Lawrence J. Pacernick (DermatologyResident '70-'73) has moved to Plainview, New York.Jack Pickleman (Surgery Residentand Chief Resident '67-'73) hasaffiliated with the department of surgeryat Loyola Medical Center in Maywood,Illinois.James H. Root (Pediatric Resident, 45) is president elect of the ConnecticutState Medical Society.Maurice Ross (Pediatric ResidentAssistant '41-'47) is chairman of theMaine chapter of the AmericanAcademy of Pediatrics. He is also medical director of the newly formed Expanded Child Health Care Clinics ofMaine, an attempt to bring pediatric careto underprivileged children.Charles Roth (Pediatric Intern '66) iscurrently a psychiatrist with the Narcotics Treatment Agency, Washington,D. C., as medical director of a 70-bed inpatient facility of heroin addicts. He alsois doing crisis intervention familytherapy in outpatient clinics for addicts.Edward H. Stein (Psychiatry Instructor and Assistant Professor '69-'73) hasopened a private practice in Chicago.Natalia Tanner-Cain (Pediatric Intern, 47) is currently an assistant professor ofpediatrics, College of Medicine, WayneState University. She was a member ofthe Project Planning Committee of "AConference on Adolescent Health Careand Well-Being," sponsored by the Divisron of Adolescent Medicine,Children's Hospital of Los Angeles,held in Breckenridge, Colorado, October 29-November 1.Association ActivitiesBernard G. Sarnat ('36) was electedpresident of The University of ChicagoClub of Greater Los Angeles at itsNovember 2, 1973, meeting. Richard D.Pettit (,37) of Pasadena was appointed toorganize a medical alumni group in hisarea. Plans include an evening gatheringin the spring.Alumni in the Chicago area held theirfirst downtown luncheon meeting onNovember 27 at the First National BankBuilding. Dr. Clifford W. Gurney (,51),Professor of Medicine and Deputy Deanfor the Clinical Sciences, briefed alumnion current activities at the medicalschool. The Medical Alumni Association is planning programs for LosAngeles and San Francisco in April andfor Boston in May.4546 8:00 a.m.-Breakfast for Century Club members and guests, QuandrangleClub.9:30 a.m.-Scientific Program, BillingsHospital.12:00 noon-Awards Luncheon, Distin-guished Service Awards, Class of1924 Citations, Quadrangle Club.2:30 p.m.-Departmental Open Houses6:00 p.m.-Alumni Banquet, Class of 1974Honors, Class Parties, Gold KeyAwards, McClintock Award, Entertainment (no speeches), TheFurniture Club, 666 North LakeShore Drive, Ch icago.CALENDARMonday, April 1Reception for alumni and spouses during American College of Physicians Meeting, New YorkCity, New York Hilton, 5:30-7:30 p.m.Sunday, April 28Chicago Lying-in Hospital Alumni dinner duringAmerican College of Obstetricians andGynecologists meeting, Las Vegas, MGM Hotel;cocktails at 7:00 pm.; dinner at 8:00 p.m.Spouses invited. Reservations through the Medical Alumni Association office.Wednesday, May 15Senior Scientific Session, P-117, 9:30 a.m.-5:00p.m.Thursday, June 13Medical Alumni Day:Monday, June 24Reception for alumni and spouses during American Medical Associationmeeting, Chicago, 5:30-7:00 p.m. Hotel to be announced.Dear Alumni, Parents, and Friends,The Pritzker School of Medicine and The Division of the Biological Sciences aresupported in large part by gifts and bequests from alumni and friends committed tothe continuation of the qual ity of education, research, and patient care at The University of Chicago.You can help us by participating in the 1974 Medical Alumni Fund drive. Your giftprovides support for the medical school, faculty salaries, student aid, or for a purposedesignated by you.If you wish to remember the medical school in your will, the following bequestform is suggested:\\1 give, devise, and bequeath $ to The University of Chicago, an Illinoisnot-for-profit corporation, to be used for the general purposes of The Pritzker Schoolof Medicine (or insert purpose or name of fund)."Additional information can be obtained from: The Office of the Dean, The PritzkerSchool of Medicine, 950 East 59th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637.Sincerely,Leon o. Jacobson, M.D.DeanMedicine on the MidwayThe University of ChicagoThe Medical Alumni AssociationThe Pritzker School of Medicine1025 East 57th StreetChicago, Illinois 60637•Address corrections requestedreturned postage guaranteed The Joseph Regenstein LibrarySerial Records Department, Room-2221100 East 57th StreetChicago, Illinois 60637 NON-PROFIT ORG.u.s. POSTAGEPAIDPERMIT NO. 9666CHICAGO, ILL.