Aedicine on the Midw V Vol. 28 No� 3('/ Bulletin of the Medical Alumni Association The University of CJI!Cl'go", ,Division of the Biological Sciences and The Pritzker School of Medi�� "/,� f''''��; ,:"0� r k& t(' ,�, � "" !-'� �,hi .� ',� ;<>'" ,�: ((, -�� � �� ,c. i"r,1-::1�.�. Ii'�. ) �: ,r-r .:' ;:; � ::.:� '�.��.� . i: j ': ,;. ;'(I""'. -. I'If:.:' .<1-', ::, - :�': I �_.MAY 13 i914Cover: Dr. Werner H. Kirsten, Professor and Chairmanof the Department of Pathology, examines a specimen.Dr. Kirsten heads a department of 30 full-time facultymembers and seven joint-appointment members. In addi­tion, there are 19 interns or residents, two fellows, andtwo graduate students.This "excellent diagnostic service," with its consider­able service obligations to the University Hospitals andClinics, is featured this issue in a feature story by JamesStacey.In the current edition of the Division's Research inProgress, Dr. Kirsten writes:"The Department of Pathology aims to increase theunderstanding of disease processes through research,using experimental models of important pathologicalprocesses and through the careful examination of dis­eased human tissues and body fluids. A major part of itseffort and activities is to teach and train others to under­stand disease using the modem approaches of cell biol­ogy, molecular biology, biophysics, biochemistry, gene­tics, and microbiology."Its senior faculty consists of a balanced team ofteachers and investigators with interests and skills in thestudy of cancer, cardiovascular disease (with emphasison arteriosclerosis), immunopathological mechanisms,renal and electrolyte disorders, the fundamental proces­ses of acute and chronic inflammation, endocrine imbal­ance, hematogenetics, hematopathology, pulmonarypathology, and gastrointestinal disease including nutri­tional and metabolic abnormalities."Medicine on the MidwayVolume 28, No.3, Winter, 1974Bulletin of the Medical Alumni Association ofThe University of Chicago Division of the BiologicalSciences and The Pritzker School of Medicine.Copyright 1974 by the Medical Alumni AssociationThe University of ChicagoEditor: Howard S. BimsonContributing Editor: James S. SweetPhotographers: Mel OsterLeslie TravisMedical A:lumni AssociationPresident: Catherine L. Dobson (Rush '30)President-Elect: Otto H. Trippel ('46)Vice-President: Henry P. Russe ('57)Secretary: Frank W. Fitch ('53)Executive Secretary: Katherine T. WolcottCouncil MembersJoseph Baron ('62)William Moses Jones ('31)Lauren Pachman (,61)Edward Paloyan ('56)Joseph H. Skom ('52)Francis H. Straus, II ('57) ContentsMcLean Institute Dedicated 4Cancer Research Center FundedDr. John E. Ultmann 8History of the School of MedicineDr. Sidney Schulman 12PathologyJames Stacey 16ProfileJoseph J. Ceithaml 20Wine and Cheese Party 23Doctors and Lawyers: War and PeaceBernard D. Meltzer 25News Briefs 31In Memoriam 33Departmental News 37Alumni News 413McLean Institute DedicatedArgonne Cancer Research Hospital BecomesFranklin Mclean Memorial Research InstituteOn December 12, 1973, the Argonne Cancer ResearchHospital was rededicated as the Franklin McLeanMemorial Research Institute. The new name for thefacility honors the first Chairman of the University's De­partment of Medicine and the first head of its clinics.At 10:30 a.m. on December 12, the Atomic EnergyCommission and the University co-sponsored a pressconference at the Sheraton Chicago hotel. Its purposewas to acquaint the public with programs in nuclearmedicine and other specialties of the Institute.Participants in the morning press conference includedDr. Alexander Gottschalk, Director of the McLean In­stitute and Professor of Radiology. He discussed Dr.McLean's contributions to the University and to scienceand introduced subsequent speakers.Eugene Goldwasser, Professor of Biochemistry, theMcLean Institute, and the Committee on DevelopmentalBiology, discussed his research on erythropoeitin. Thisplasma factor regulates the formation of red blood cells.Goldwasser is working in collaboration with the OakRidge National Laboratory in Tennessee.Dr. Paul V. Harper, Professor of Surgery, Radiology,and the McLean Institute, discussed the medical use ofnew radionuclides. He spoke specifically about the use ofradioactive ammonia in the diagnosis and treatment ofheart disease and about an isotope of Indium in tumorimaging. Dr. Harper has developed a mobile heart imag­ing facility which can be moved about the UniversityHospitals and Clinics by a tractor to a patient's bedside.Dr. Stanley Yachnin, Professor of Medicine(Hematology) and the McLean Institute, presented de­tails of his ongoing development of an antiserum which is expected to be useful in identification of the origin ofabnormal lymphocytes in, for example, one type ofleukemia.Afternoon CermoniesDr. Charles E. Carter of the Atomic Energy Commis­sion delivered the principal address when dedicationceremonies were held at 2:30 p.m. on December 12. Dr.Carter is manager of biomedical programs in the AEC'sDivision of Biomedical and Environmental Research. Hediscussed the role of centers such as the McLean Insti­tute in the overall AEC program.Dr. Alexander Gottschalk, Director of the McLeanInstitute and Professor of Radiology, and Dr. Leon O.Jacobson, Dean of the Division and the Pritzker Schooland former Director of the Institute, opened the pro­gram.Dr. John H. Rust and Dr. Robert Rowland reminiscedabout Dr. McLean, with whom they were once as­sociated. Dr. Rust is a Professor of Radiology andPharmacological and Physiological Sciences at the Uni­versity. Dr. Rowland is director of the radiological andenvironmental research department at Argonne NationalLaboratory.At the conclusion of the dedication ceremonies, Mrs.McLean unveiled a photograph of her late husband in thelobby of the McLean Institute.Dr. Franklin C. McleanDr. Franklin C. McLean was a major figure in Chicagomedicine. From 1927 to 1932 he served as the first direc­tor of the University's clinics. His research ranged from4 Core of the linear accelerator, part of the radia­tion equipment at the McLean Institute. One ofthe few sucessful methods of treating cancer iswith ionizing radiation. The purposes of studiesinvolving the linear accelerator are to evaluatethe physical factors and biological effects of theelectrons it produces.renal function to radiobiology. He wrote more than 125articles and was the author or co-author of three majorbooks.Twenty years ago he founded the National MedicalFellowships, Inc., to provide opportunities in medicinefor blacks. The organization grew out of Dr. Mcl.ean'sclose association with the Julius Rosenwald Fund, forwhich Dr. McLean served as a trustee until the fund wasliquidated in the 1940s.Born in Maroa, Illinois, Dr. McLean received a B.S.degree from The University of Chicago in 1907 and anM.D. degree from Rush Medical College in 1910. Heearned an M.S. degree in pharmacology in 1912 and aPh.D. degree in physiology in 1915, both at The Univer­sity of Chicago. After serving his internship at CookCounty Hospital, Dr. McLean taught pharmacology atthe University of Oregon, then studied for a year at theUniversities of Graz and Vienna.In 1914 he joined the staff of the Rockefeller Institutefor Medical Research in New York City. He was thereuntil 1916, when he became involved with the planning,building, and early operation of the Peking Union Medi­cal College, Peking, China. This task occupied his timeuntil 1923. Then, he returned to The University ofChicago as a Professor of Medicine and took an activerole in the building of the University's Hospitals andClinics.In 1933 Dr. McLean resigned from clinical and ad­ministrative work to become a Professor of PathologicalPhysiology. His work in this area led to his selection asthe first Director of the Toxicity Laboratory, operated bythe Department of Pharmacology during World War II.During the war, Dr. McLean held the rank of colonel inthe chemical warfare service.During the immediate postwar period, he worked withseveral Atomic Energy Commission projects, includingthe Committee on Biology and Medicine of Argonne Na­tional Laboratory. He was an observer of the atomicbomb tests at Eniwetok in 1948.He became a Professor Emeritus of Physiology in1953, but he continued his avid interest and research ac­tivity in calcium metabolism and bone chemistry. In 1957Dr. McLean was awarded an honorary M.D. degreefrom the University of Lund, Sweden. The degree wasone of relatively few awarded to foreigners by theSwedish university. He was an emeritus trustee of FiskUniversity, Nashville, Tennessee, which he served from1951 to 1955 as chairman of the board of trustees.Dr. McLean received his two final professional honorsin 1967. He became the third recipient of the SteindlerAward, the highest honor bestowed by the OrthopedicResearch Society, and he presented an award lecture at the society's annual meeting. He was also awarded anhonorary degree from the University of Bordeau inFrance.Dr. McLean died on September 10, 1968, at the age of80. He was at that time a Professor Emeritus in theUniversity's Department of Physiology.At the time of Dr. McLean's retirement from clinicalwork in 1933, his colleagues presented him with an elabo­rate bookplate in the form of a Chinese rug with wovenpictures and inscriptions to signify the highlights of hisactivities at the age of 45. Prominent in that memorialwas an inscription, an inscription that served as well forthe final 35 years of his productive life as for the initialperiod: "He builds for others."Dr. Helen Vincent McLean, widow of Dr. Franklin McLean, at the unveil­ing of her husband's photograph.Argonne HospitalDeveloped by a Different CourseThe Argonne Cancer Research Hospital, like the Ar­gonne National Laboratory, had its beginnings in theUnited States Office of Scientific and ResearchDevelopment's Metallurgical Laboratory at The Univer­sity of Chicago, where the world's first controlled nu­clear chain reaction was achieved on December 2, 1942.5As a result of these experiments, construction of atomicweapons became possible. Military designs and produc­tion facilities were taken over from the MetallurgicalLaboratory by the Manhattan District of the UnitedStates Engineering Corps and, for safety's sake, thesefacilities were moved out of the city to the forest preservejust south of Chicago, although many of the scientistsremained to carryon research at laboratories on the Un i­versity campus. The Manhattan District was succeededby the United States Atomic Energy Commission in1946, and a permanent site in DuPage County, Illinois,was selected for the Argonne National Laboratory.The development of the Cancer Research Hospital fol­lowed a somewhat different course. The potential healthhazards encountered in working with radioisotopes hadbeen recognized, and biologists and clinicians on the fac­ulty of The University of Chicago had been associatedwith the Metallurgical Laboratory from the beginning.While some of these scientists moved with the Manhat­tan District to the Argonne National Laboratory's site,many of them, particularly the clinicians, remained atThe University of Chicago campus. The University au­thorities, recognizing the expanding role that radioactivematerials were likely to play in biological and clinicalresearch, felt that it was important to consolidate theinformation and experience gained by the scientists as­sociated with the Manhattan project, and were con­cerned that this experience should not be disipated butchanneled into fundamental and clinical research.Accordingly, in 1946 a plan for a hospital facility withassociated laboratories and animal quarters was drafted,the intention being that the University should providehalf the necessary funds, and seek federal assistance forthe remainder. The original plan was modified after con­sultations within the Division of Biological Sciences ofthe University, and since Public Health Service fundswere available for the construction 'of cancer and heartdisease facilities, it was determined that the laboratoryhospital should be a cancer isotope hospital.A formal proposal requesting financial assistance for aDr. James Carpender (right) and Dr. LesterSkaggs, Professor of Radiology and the McLeanInstitute, in the cobalt therapy unit (7960). new building to investigate the effect of radioactive ma­terial on normal and neoplastic growth in man and ex­perimental animals was therefore submitted to the N a­tional Cancer Institute in August, 1947. At about thistime, Congress made its first appropriations for the newAtomic Energy Commission and unexpectedly includedseveral million dollars for cancer research and facilitiesutilizing atomic energy. On the advice of the NationalCancer Institute, the University then made contact withthe Division of Biology and Medicine of the UnitedStates Atomic Energy Commission. After some prelimi­nary discussions, an Atomic Energy Commission advis­ory committee met on the campus of The University ofChicago in January, 1948, and in February the Univer­sity was informed that the construction of the proposedhospital unit was approved and recommended to theAtomic Energy Commission. A letter contract enteredinto between the United States Government and TheUniversity of Chicago, dated June 28, 1948, provided forthe construction and equipment, at government expense,of a laboratory and hospital for biological and clinicalinvestigation in the field of cancer with radioactive mater­ials, and for the advanced training of personnel in thatfield at The University of Chicago. The agreement wenton to state that "the operation, maintenance, and ad­ministration of the laboratory and hospital, to be knownas the Argonne Cancer Research Hospital, will beunique and novel in nature and scope, and by reason ofthe location of said laboratory and hospital on the Uni­versity campus adjacent to other laboratory and hospitalfacilities operated by the University, and because of theinvestigation and research now being conducted by theUniversity in physical, biological, and medical researchin the field of atomic energy, the University is particu­larly qualified to undertake such work."The DuPage County site of the Argonne NationalLaboratory had at one time been suggested as the logicallocation for the hospital, but this plan had been aban­doned because of the additional administrative burdenthat it would have placed upon the director of the Ar-6gonne National Laboratory. A site on the Universitycampus within the medical complex and the name "Ar­gonne Cancer Research Hospital" were finally ap­proved. The use of the word" Argonne" in the titles ofboth institutions has lead to a certain amount of confu­sion: the Argonne Cancer Research Hospital is operatedentirely by University of Chicago staff and is responsibleto the Division of Biology and Medicine of the AtomicEnergy Commission. All budgeting and direction arecompletely independent of the Argonne NationalLaboratory.Detailed working drawings for the new building werecompleted by October 1, 1948. The cost estimate was$3.5 million with an additional million dollars for equip­ment. Ground was broken for the building in 1950, thefirst patient was admitted in January, 1953, and the hospi­tal was formally opened in March of that year. The oper­ation cost for the first year was about $1.1 million. Therewas no subsidy from the University; the entire costs,including the operation were provided by the AtomicEnergy Commission.The hospital, which forms part of the University ofChicago Hospitals and Clinics, has eight floors with atotal area of 102,500 square feet. Two floors, with a totalof 54 beds, are devoted to clinical research. The remain­ing six floors are given over to research laboratories, highenergy radiation equipment, electronic and machineshops, and an animal farm.The 60 scientists who comprise the academic staff ofthe hospital hold joint appointments in the Division of theBiological Sciences (which includes the University medi­cal school and clinics) of The University of Chicago, andare engaged in research and teaching. In addition to thesescientists, there are 136 technicians, nurses, and non­technical laboratory personnel.The purpose and program of the hospital are directedtoward the exploitation of high energy sources for thetreatment of malignancies, the study of the biological ef­fects of radiation, the use of radioisotopes as tracers inthe study of normal and disease states, and in the diag- nosis and therapy of disease. In general, research at thehospital forms an integral part of the program of the Divi­sion of the Biological Sciences of the University. Closerelations are also maintained with the Argonne NationalLaboratory, and with other research laboratories sup­ported by the United States Atomic Energy Commis­sion.Visiting research scientists from all over the world, aswell as from other institutions in the United States, regu­larly spend time in the laboratories at the hospital, andthe availability of the entire science faculty of The Uni­versity of Chicago has been invaluable in broadening thescope and understanding of the many research projects.It is impossible to stress too strongly the value that aworking scientist in the clinics or in the laboratory de­rives from having immediately at hand advice and opin­ion in the fields impinging on his own. The practice ofencouraging the participation of graduate and under­graduate students in medicine and biology in the variousresearch programs has proved of great value. It has alsoled to the training of large numbers of faculty and stu­dents in the use of radioisotopes in research, diagnosis,and treatment of various disease states.The association of the Argonne Cancer ResearchHospital with The University of Chicago has been a veryfruitful one. Here, to be consulted at will, are teachingand research anatomists, biochemists, biophysicists,chemists, physiologists, physicists, and mathematicians.Their joint collaboration insures that the results of theresearch carried out will be properly evaluated, whetherfor application in the clinic, or in elucidating a deeperunderstanding of the work already carried out, and thework that still remains to be done. It is axiomatic inscientific research that no door opened is the final one,but that each leads to a wider vista of our knowledge andunderstandingThe material above is taken from Argonne Cancer Re­search Hospital, a 1965 report for the Atomic EnergyCommission.Patient receiving therapeutic radiation in theMaxitron Two-Fifty x-ray machine, used mostlyfor breast cancer therapy (1957).7Cancer Research Center FundedNational Cancer Institute FundsUCCRC Operation and ConstructionThe University of Chicago Cancer Research Center re­ceived on October 23, 1973, a three-year, $4.3 millionoperational grant from the National Cancer Institute.Previously, on August 21, the institute had awarded$4,291,352 in a matching grant for construction and reno­vation of Center facilities (see Vol. 28, No.2, p. 37).The operational grant announced in October was thesecond step in a federally funded plan to develop thecancer center at the University under the expanded anti­cancer program authorized by the National Cancer Re­search Act passed by Congress in 1971. NCI's NationalCancer Plan is a $1.5 billion federal attack on the disease.First-year funding under the operational grant to theUniversity is $1.7 million for the period which began onNovember 1, 1973. Recommended NCI funding for twoadditional years may bring the operational total to$4,313,750. According to Edward H. Levi, President ofthe University, these initial grants will make possible thecoordination and expansion of the efforts of almost 100faculty members and their staffs now doing cancer re­search.Each year, more than 800 new cancer patients are reg­istered in The University of Chicago Hospitals andClinics. Cooperation of other area hospitals in establish­ing a "new referral pattern," plus expansion of facilitiesfor patient care, is expected to increase the present pa­tient registration to 1 ,200 a year in five years.Primary objectives of the Center are: (1) to expandresearch in the causes and prevention of cancer, in earlydiagnosis, and in therapy of cancer; (2) to expand educa­tional programs, including those for practicing physi­cians; (3) to offer consultation services in selected areasof specialization; and (4) to broaden use of the uniquefacilities of the University hospitals and the concentra­tion of expertise of the faculty through development ofnew referral patterns for cancer patients from other hos­pitals. Fifteen area hospitals, in addition to MichaelReese Hospital, have expressed interest in participatingin the new referral program of the Center.New "outreach" to assist doctors in treating cancerpatients will be developed by a new Center for ClinicalEvaluation, based on the University's present Registryof Neoplastic Diseases, which was begun in 1951. It willoffer statistical consultation, computer analysis of cur­rent data derived from treatment programs, and com­puterized data systems for patient records.Most of all, the new federal operational funding willsupport 20 principal investigators and their work in vari­ous frontiers of cancer research. The work covers the8 disciplines of cell biology, virology, clinical research, andtumor immunology. Major projects and their principalinvestigators include:Hewson H. Swift, Professor of Biology and Pathologyand Chairman of the Department of Biology, on "Con­trol Mechanisms in Normal and Neoplastic Cells."Aron A. Moscona, Professor of Biology, and EugeneGoldwasser, Professor of Biochemistry, on "The CellSurface and Cellular Interactions in the Regulation ofGrowth and Differentiation."Colin G. D. Morley, Assistant Professor of Medicine,on "The Biochemical Control of Cell Growth."Dr. Theodore L. Steck, Assistant Professor ofMedicine, on "Organization of Lipids in Plasma Mem­branes. "Bernard Roizman, Professor of Biophysics, Mic­robiology, and the Committee on Genetics, on "TheRole of Herpes Virus in Human Cancer."Bernard S. Strauss, Professor of Microbiology and theCommittee on Genetics, and Nicholas Co zzarelli,Assistant Professor of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and theCommittee on Genetics and in the College, on "HumanLymphocyte Proliferation and E-B Virus Induction."Elwood V. Jensen, Director of the Ben May Labora­tory for Cancer Research and the Biomedical Center forPopulation Research and Professor of Physiology, andEdgar M. Moran, Assistant Professor of Medicine, on a"Breast Cancer Program: A Multidisciplinary Approachto Its Study and Treatment."Dr. Bernard Levin, Assistant Professor of Medicine,on "A Comprehensive Approach to Cancer of theColon. "Dr. Leslie J. DeGroot, Professor of Medicine, on"Prevention, Detection, and Control of Radiation­Induced Thyroid Cancer."Dr. Werner H. Kirsten, Professor and Chairman ofPathology and Professor of Pediatrics and the Commit­tee on Genetics, on "Neoplasia in Childhood."Dr. Donald Pearson, Assistant Professor of Surgery,Radiology, and the Franklin McLean Memorial Re­search Institute, on a "Comprehensive Approach toGlioma Therapy."Dr. Mojmir Sonek, Associate Professor of Obstetricsand Gynecology, on "Management and Study ofOvarian Carcinoma."Dr. Nicholas J. Gross, Assistant Professor ofMedicine, on an "Approach to Immunotherapy of LungCancer. "Dr. Armando R. Orlina, Co-Acting Director, MichaelReese Research Foundation and Blood Center(MRRFBC); Kenneth C. Robbins, Director. Biochemis­try Section, MRRFBC; and Dr. Bernard St odskv,Acting Director, MRRFBC; on "The Celltrifuge and theContinuous Flow Electrophoretic Cell Separator."Nien-chu C. Yang, Professor of Chemistry, on "Ap­plication of High Resolution N MR Spectroscopy toCancer Research."Melvin L. Griem, Professor of Radiology and theFranklin McLean Memorial Research Institute, on the"Center for Clinical Evaluation" and the "Com­puterized Oncology Radiation and Data System(CORADS). "The total building program for the Center involves aninvestment of $8,266,000. Under the terms of the August21 federal construction grant of $4.3 million, the Univer­sity must raise additional private funds to match and sup­plement the government contribution. Gifts and pledgesof approximately $2 million have been received towardthe project, Edward H. Levi, President of the Univer­sity, said. The University is seeking an additional $2.3million from private sources.U Itman n Directs Cancer CenterDr. John E. Ultmann, Professor in the Department ofMedicine in the University'S Division of the BiologicalSciences and The Pritzker School of Medicine, is theDirector of the new Cancer Research Center.Dr. Ultmann is also Director of Clinical Oncology inthe Franklin C. McLean Memorial Research Institute(formerly the Argonne Cancer Research Hospital). Hejoined the University faculty in 1968 as an Associate Pro­fessor of Medicine and became Director of Clinical On­cology the same year. In 1970 he was appointed Profes­sor of Medicine.His major professional interest has been in the area ofthe diagnosis and management of patients with lym­phoma. This work follows many years of active clinicaland laboratory research in the broad area of thepathophysiology of neoplastic disease and the biochemis­try of abnormal growth.Dr. Ultmann was born in Vienna in 1925 and came tothe United States in 1938. After attending the BronxHigh School of Science in New York, he served threeyears in the U.S. Army in Europe. Upon his return, heattended Oberlin College from 1946 to 1948 and thengraduated from Columbia University College of Physi­cians and Surgeons in 1952. He took his internship andresidency, including a hematology fellowship, at the NewYork Hospital, Cornell Medical Center, from 1952 to1955.After his return to Columbia University in 1956 as afaculty member, Dr. Ultmann became associated withDr. Alfred Gellhorn at the Francis Delafield Hospital Dr. John E. Ultmann.and Cancer Research Institute. In collaboration withother members of the Institute, he contributed to theknowledge of the mechanism of anemia in cancer andlymphoma, chemotherapy of neoplastic disease,biochemistry of leukemic cells, and the pathophysiologicchanges in patients with cancer or lymphoma. Hisstudies were supported by a career award of the HealthResearch Council of the City of New York and the N a­tional Cancer Institute.Dr. Ultmann is a Fellow of the American College ofPhysicians, as well as a member of the American Federa­tion for Cancer Research, and the American Society ofHematology. He has served on the National LymphomaTask Force and is at present a consultant for the Diag­nostic Research Activities Group of the National CancerInstitute and a consultant on the International UnionAgainst Cancer.Testimony Before the HouseDr. John E. Ultmann , Professor of Medicine and Direc­tor of The University of Chicago Cancer ResearchCenter, presented the statement printed below on Feb­ruary 6, 1974. The testimony was for the House Sub­committee on Public Health and Environment of theU.S. Congress. Representative Paul G. Rogers ofFlorida is chairman of the subcommittee,Dr. Ultmann was one of a number of treatmentspecialists, center directors, and others who testified he­fore the subcommittee, whose parent committee is theHouse Committee on Interstate lind Foreign Commerce.9The testimony itself is a good introduction to implemen­tation plans for the Cancer Research Center at the Un i-I deeply appreciate the opportunity to testify before thisCommittee regarding our experience in expanding cancerresearch, care, education, and outreach programs as aresult of the National Cancer Act of 1971.The state of Illinois has a population of over 11 millionpeople. Of these, an estimated 60,000 will require treat­ment for cancer this year. An estimated 35,000 of ourcitizens will die of cancer during this year. There are anumber of medical schools in the area. Later in mystatement I shall discuss cooperative programs withthese schools. * .The University of Chicago is a private institution lo­cated on the South Side of Chicago. The Pritzker Schoolof Medicine is a part of the University's graduate Divi­sion of the Biological Sciences. We have the unique fea­ture of a full-time staff, devoted entirely to patient care,teaching, and research. The Pritzker School of Medicinehas over 150 basic scientists and 279 clinical faculty aswell as 247 interns and residents.The hospitals of The University of Chicago have 681beds. Last year, we had approximately 18,500 admis­sions, 220,000 out-patient visits, and 120,000 emergencyroom visits. Normally, in a 680-bed general hospital, oneexpects to see approximately 600 new cancer patients peryear. In our institution in 1971 we saw over 1,200 newcancer patients.long Tradition of Cancer ResearchThe University has had a long tradition of performingcancer research:In 1942, prompted by the atomic energy experiments,there was intense interest at this University in cancer.In 1951, under the leadership of one of our Nobel Prizewinners, Dr. Charles Huggins, the Ben May Laboratoryfor Cancer Research was founded. These extensivelaboratories concentrate on basic hormone research re­lated to cancer.In 1953, the Argonne Cancer Research Hospital wasbuilt under the Atomic Energy Commission. Scientistsand physicians there concentrate on radiation physicsand biology, radiotherapy, nuclear medicine, leukemiaand lymphoma, and biochemistry.For a number of years, a large commitment to researchin carcinogenesis, the causes of cancer, has been in prog­ress. In addition, there have been multiple clinical cancerresearch projects and significant educational efforts in­volving our medical students, and hospital staff, andphysicians in the community. Our annual expenditures in1971 for cancer research were approximately $5.8 mil­lion. Of this, $1.4 million came from private sources. Thebalance came from public funds, primarily from the Na­tional Cancer Institute and the Atomic Energy Commis­sion.*Northwestern, University of Illinois, Chicago Medical School,Loyola, Rush, Southern Illinois, Osteopathic, The University ofChicago.10 Interdisciplinary Program PlanningI should like next to turn to an analysis of what thegranting of funds for the implementation of a Cancer Re­search Center at The University of Chicago has accom­plished.Let me first review the application process for theCenter. In preparing our application to the NationalCancer Institute, more than one hundred of our basicscience and clinical faculty got together early in 1972 anddeveloped task forces to analyze our strengths andweaknesses. They asked: "How can we best expand ourefforts in this field?"This book, which contains 1 ,215 pages of accumulateddata, is a blueprint-in a red cover-of our projectedwork for the next few years. In it, we proposed 20 pro­grams, consisting of over 60 individual projects. We be­lieve these projects deal with the most important re­search opportunities in those areas where we have par­ticular competence. These projects are in the basic sci­ences and the clinical areas and are characterized by theirinterdisciplinary, or team, character.May I state my conviction that the problem of canceris not going to be solved by a single man at a singlemoment in time. We believe that we must accommodatethe available minds to interact with each other, day byday, bit by bit, to resolve this terrible problem of cancer.I would like to enumerate some of the areas of ourstrength and to indicate to you the potential benefitswhich will derive from our expanded efforts. In virologywe have four projects which have undergone major ex­pansion. We are concentrating in particular on twohuman cancers which we believe are closely related to, ifnot in fact caused by, viruses. One problem involves thepossible role of herpes virus in the causation of cancer ofthe cervix in women. Another involves an understandingof lymphocyte proliferation in response to the so-calledEB-or Epstein-Barr-e-virus which may cause somelymphomas in man.A second area is immunology. We are trying to under­stand the characteristics of individuals who are able toresist cancer despite exposure to carcinogens--cancer­causing substances-and also of others who fail to resistand succumb to a cancer. We hope to be able to identifyways in which the immune apparatus of the human bodycan resist existing cancer and how to use immunologicaltechniques to treat cancer.A third area in which we were able to make a majorexpansion under the cancer center grant is in the area ofbiology. Unlike the situations involving the atom bomband the moon shot, where a great deal of information wasalready available and ready for application, in cancermuch of the fundamental work remains to be done.It was our assessment that in understanding normaland abnormal cell growth a major contribution could bemade. Thus, we persuaded a distinguished team ofbiologists to devote their time to an analysis of control Imechanisms in normal and cancer cells. This work oftenemploys human cancer cells, giving us a better under­standing of human cancer today.In the area of carcinogenesis, our expansion under thecancer center grant was considerably more modest, be­cause we had already accumulated a great deal of talentand monetary support. We chose to introduce these ex­pert individuals into new interdisciplinary projects sothat others would utilize their extensive knowledge ofcarcinogenesis. Other interdisciplinary programs are inthe areas of breast cancer, colon cancer, thyroid cancer,tumors of childhood, and ovarian cancer.All of these programs consist of teams of clinicianswho are experts in intricate diagnostic techniques and insurgical, radiotherapeutic, and chemotherapeuticspecialities. These clinical teams interact almost dailywith experts in biochemistry, immunology, pharmacol­ogy, ultra-structure-the study of life processes at themolecular level-and other basic disciplines. We believethat from this type of approach, which lends itself souniquely to our University, many concrete results willcome in the next few years.Budgeting for Research and FacilitiesOur research budget for the current fiscal year of theCancer Research Center is $1.7 million. We ferventlyhope that the proposed budgets for the succeeding twoyears will be funded. Fortunately, the National CancerInstitute experts agreed with us that our center projectrequired some construction and alterations. These wereapplied for at the same time as the research program.The matching program for construction from the gov­ernment consisted of $4.3 million. Many donors in ourcommunity came to our help with not just the minimummatching sum of $1.7 million, but in fact considerablymore. So, we have been able to launch a major expansionprogram, including a new Cancer Virology Building,which will encompass the newest concepts in handlingcancer viruses. Other expenditures cover alterations infacilities devoted to biology, developmental biology,radiotherapy, surgical pathology and two other basic sci­ence disciplines.Outreach ProgramsIn addition to these programs in clinical as well asbasic science, we are planning major community out­reach programs. We have submitted to the NationalCancer Institute a plan for cancer control and in facthave recently been site-visited for these programs.A program in cancer nursing will give nurses fromcommunity hospitals an opportunity to get intensivetraining in nursing of cancer patients. Expansion of aprogram on the psychological aspects of cancer care willhelp patients, families, paramedical personnel, nurses,physicians, clergy, and social workers to cope with thepsychological aspects of cancer.Expansion of our gynecological cancer detection pro­gram will be done through an outreach program ofcytological (pap smear) testing and by making availableour extensive cytology computer program. Expansion ofour resources in gastrointestinal carcinoma for early de­tection and better management programs in communityhospitals will be realized. In addition, we are planning amaxilofacial rehabilitation education program.The University of Chicago has a Committee on Com- munity and Hospital Affairs which is University-wide,with representation from a variety of disciplines, includ­ing social services, hospital administration specialistsfrom the Graduate School of Business, and of course, thehospitals and the medical school. This committee and myoffice are working hand in hand to implement outreachprograms even before this additional funding becomesavailable. Four hospitals have already been brought intoour program, and we plan, if funded, to bring at least fourhospitals per year over the next four or five years into ourprogram.Cooperation with Other Schools and AgenciesIn closing, I should like to tell you that The Universityof Chicago has worked with the other medical schoolsregarding the problem of cancer in the state of Illinoisand near-by Indiana areas. The deans of the local medi­cal schools have collaborated for many years, meetingmonthly to discuss mutual problems. In January, 1973,Dr. John Brewer of Northwestern University, Dr.Samuel Taylor of Rush Medical School, and I met andurged the deans to constitute a committee that would callitself the Greater Chicago Cancer Council to take aninterest in inter-institutional affairs.We soon learned that others outside of Chicago wereinterested to join and expanded the committee. I amhappy to report that on January 24, 1974, we incorpo­rated as the Illinois Cancer Council and that a board oftrustees is now functioning. Our aim is to bring aboutrational patterns of medical care for diagnosis and treat­ment of cancer, enhance collaborative effort in research,and expand educational efforts in cancer in this region.Amongst the things which we plan to do, if funded forthis effort, is to plan a regional registry, support clinicalcancer research at the National Accelerator Laboratory,Batavia, Illinois, launch state-wide educational programsin cancer diagnosis and treatment, launch demonstrationprojects in diagnostic clinics, and support similar desir­able regional activities.A Rational PlanLadies and Gentlemen, I would like to summarizewhat the National Cancer Act of 1971 has accomplishedto date at our University for the citizens of our state. Wehave come forward, in my opinion, with a rational planfor cancer care for our citizens. We are developing, withother schools, a regional plan.Our basic and clinical scientists have responded splen­didly to the challenge of the cancer plan and have in­creased their efforts towards solution of the cancer prob­lem. I believe that the funds which have been allocated tous are going to be spent in a most worthwhile manner toachieve the goals of the National Cancer Act.Mr. Chairman, I hope that this funding will continue,and in fact in all truth I must tell you that I am planningfor the second year of our cancer center to ask for addi­tional funds, for this reason: I see many areas in whichwe can further benefit our people. We hope that Con­gress will stand ready to support such expansion with theappropriate enabling legislation and the appropriatebudgetary provisions.11History of theSchool of MedicineAddress to the Entering ClassSeptember 27, 1973Dr. Sidney SchulmanBy now you have read the brochures and the course an­nouncements of the University and its medical school,and you have met and spoken with some of the faculty,administrative officers, and students. I wouldn't be sur­prised if you were rather bored by the many claims youhave heard about how wonderful and unique this medicalschool is. When I was an entering freshman I was asskeptical about this as some of you must be. Later, as theyears in school went by, and afterward during my intern­ship and residency, which I also took here, I gave thematter little thought. I remained ignorant of the unusualconditions of my existence even during the early part ofmy career as a junior faculty- member in the Departmentof Medicine.But eventually, when I came to be more like a modernprofessor and traveled around the country to attendmeetings and to visit other medical schools, I found outmore about the uniqueness of The University ofChicago. When you meet your new friends on the facul­ties of other medical schools, they ask you questions,questions like, "Where do you see your private pa­tients ?"And you reply, "What private patients?"Where do you see your ward patients?""What ward patients?""How do you travel across the city to get from one ofyour school's hospitals to another?""We have only one hospital, and it's on the campus ofthe University.""How do you deal with the board of directors of thehospital and the politicians who run it?""There is no board of directors and there are nopoliticians-at least no professional ones."Questions like these, and others that have to do morewith the actual academic habits and style of our school,make one realize that the place is, in fact, different fromother schools, and they naturally make one wonder howit got that way.The school in its present form dates back 46 years toOctober 3, 1927, but the beginnings of the school gomuch further back in the history of the Midwest, back to1837, when a frontier village of 4,000 people was granteda charter as the city of Chicago with William B. Ogden asthe first mayor. It was in that year that a surgeon fromPhiladelphia, Daniel Brainard, came to Chicago on hor­seback and founded a medical school, which he calledRush College of Medicine, after Dr. Benjamin Rush, thefirst great American physician, a member of the Second12 Continental Congress, signer of the Declaration of Inde­pendence, and probably "house physician" to that Con­gress. At least it is known that Thomas Jefferson con­sulted him about his headaches.Like most other medical schools in the 19th century inthis country, the Rush College of Medicine was a pro­prietary school, not associated with any University. Itwas located first in a shed attached to Brainard's home,then in a building on the north side of the city. Finally,after that structure burned to the ground in the greatChicago fire of 1871, the school was relocated on thewest side of the city next to the Cook County Hospital.In most states in the 19th century, the requirements fora license to practice medicine were variations on the pre­ceptor theme. In Illinois there were two years of studywith, as it was said in those days, "a respectable physi­cian," and two courses of lectures of four months each ata college of medicine. There is on file in the Illinois De­partment of Education and Registration an amusing, suc­cinct document certifying that one, Harold N. Moyer,"is qualified to practice medicine." Moyer had servedwith Dr. Hall as his preceptor for more than the requiredtwo years, stabling the doctor's horse, driving his buggy,and mixing his therapeutic concoctions, and he was be­coming impatient waiting for Dr. Hall to give him therequired written statement that he was eligible for alicense. Finally, Moyer mustered the courage to ask Dr.Hall if he thought the time had come for the certificate.Hall said yes, of course, turned to his desk, wrote it out,and handed it to young Moyer. Dr. Hall had written asfollows:This certifies that Harold N. Moyer has studiedmedicine under my direction for more than twoyears. I consider him qualified for a license to prac­tice. His moral character is as good as that of theaverage medical student.Moyer, offended by this, asked Dr. Hall whether thatwas the best he could do. Dr. Hall replied that if Moyerdidn't like it, he should write it himself, whereuponMoyer took the pen and wrote:This certifies that Harold N. Moyer has studiedmedicine under my direction for more then twoyears. I consider him qualified for a license to prac­tice. His moral character is as good as can be ex­pected under the circumstances.As for the two courses of lectures at the Rush Collegeof Medicine, the second was an exact repetition of thefirst. From time to time some of Brainard's faculty sug­gested that the second course of lectures should be madea little different, more advanced than the first. Brainardrefused on the grounds that the school would lose stu­dents that way, because they would find it too difficult.This may seem like a rather shabby set-up to you, butRush was among the better of the 160 or so proprietaryschools in the country at the time, and besides, the tui­tion was only $65.00. In any case around 1880 the RushCollege of Medicine entered into an era of progressivedevelopment, with increasingly high standards for admis­sion, a lengthening of the curriculum, eventually to fouryears in the 1890's, and even some formal instruction inthe basic sciences in a newly constructed building hous­ing laboratories for the purpose. At the same time thequality of the faculty of Rush became so outstanding thatthis school had become the strongest medical school inthe West. As one of its distinguished graduates once re­marked, "For every illustrious faculty name claimed byother schools, Rush had at least a half a dozen in everydepartment. In surgery, there were Christian Fenger,Nicholas Senn, Arthur Dean Bevan, Dean Lewis, andDallas Phemister; in medicine, Frank Billings, JamesHerrick, George Dick, Ernest Irons, Bertram Sippy; andin pathology, Ludwig Hektoen."From the BeginningThese developments at Rush occurred in the last twodecades of the 19th century, a time when another re­markable event took place. It was in 1892 that The Uni­versity of Chicago opened its doors to its first students.What was remarkable about this was that the Universityappeared abruptly on the scene in American higher edu­cation, completely decked-out as a college and a univer­sity with a distinguished faculty from its beginning. Eventhe architecture of its newly constructed buildings gavethem an air of ripened tradition, which somehow seemedirresistably authentic. Simplifying a complicated storydrastically, I will say that The University of Chicago wasthe astonishingly precipitous result of a mixture of forcesand a small handful of men. The forces were principally:(1) the vigorous rebirth of the city of Chicago after thegreat fire of 1871, and (2) a discontent among the northernBaptist establishment about the number and quality ofBaptist colleges in this country. In some way, the detailsof which I do not know, John D. Rockefeller, a lay­Baptist of New York, and Thomas W. Goodspeed, aclerical Baptist of Chicago, joined with a brilliant youngprofessor of linguistics and ancient semitic languages atYale University, William Rainey Harper. WithGoodspeed's devotion to the city of Chicago,Rockefeller's generosity, and Harper's genius for suc­cessfully raiding the faculties of other institutions, thesethree men founded The University of Chicago in 1892,with Harper as its first president.From the very beginning the faculty was truly out­standing in almost all of the academic areas. It was withina few years that A. A. Michelson measured the speed oflight on this campus, that modem algebra was quietlyworked out in the Department of Mathematics here, and,to confine ourselves to the sciences, Amos Alonzo Staggdiscovered the end run, the T-formation, and the lateralpass. Ifthis afternoon you go to a place just off the centerof campus, behind the old Kent chemistry laboratory,and look up at the second story level of the south wall ofa building called Culver Hall, you will see a tall, narrowwindow in the center ofthe wall. It was with that windowas a light source that the first professor of physiology,Jaques Loeb, the model for Sinclair Lewis's ProfessorGottlieb, systematically demonstrated the facts of photo­tropism in plants and animals for the first time.As for the others in the biological sciences at the be­ginning, or soon afterward, there were Donaldson and C.J. Herrick, the neuroanatomists. Herrick was the man who set forth the fundamental ground plan of the twelvecranial nerves in the vertebrate brain; C. O. Whitman,the zoologist, was the first ecologist in the modern senseof the term; R. R. Bensley, the anatomist, was the first tosee, describe, and specifically stain mitochondria; andstill later , but yet early from your point of view and mine,there were Koch in biochemistry; Carlson and Luckhardtin physiology; and Ralph Gerard in neurophysiology, theman who invented the microelectrode for recording fromindividual muscle and nerve cells; and Geiling in phar­macology, Jordan in bacteriology, and Maximow andBloom in histology. Bloom later became the author ofnine editions of the most widely used textbook of histol­ogy in the world.From the beginning then, it is obvious that The Uni­versity of Chicago had outstanding departments in thebasic biological sciences before it had a medical school ofany kind, 35 years before it had an entire school exclu­sively its own and 18 years before the famous Flexnerreport on medical education in 1910, which deplored thelack of anything like laboratory departments in the basicbiological sciences for the instruction of medical studentsin the great majority of American medical schools.From the time of the founding of the University, it wasHarper's idea that it would have a medical school even­tually, one that was part 'of the University, not just"affiliated" with it in the superficial or even spurious waythat had become customary throughout the country, amedical school in which the basic biological scienceswould be taught by University Departments ofBiochemistry, Physiology, Anatomy, Pharmacology,and Bacteriology, and in which the clinical subjectswould be taught in University Departments of Medicine,Surgery, Pediatrics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology.The teachers in the clinical departments were to be full­time, salaried faculty members of the University, just asthe basic science faculty were.Dr. Frank Billings,13Billings Hospital (1927).But this radical vision of medicine as a scholarly uni­versity discipline was to be postponed until almost 20years after Harper's death. Toward the end of the 1890s,President Harper was approached first by Fletcher In­gals, an ear, nose, and throat specialist and dean of theRush College of Medicine, and then by Dr. Frank Bil­lings, who succeeded Ingals as dean, to discuss a possi­ble affiliation between Rush and The University ofChicago. This would mean the joining together of a full­time basic science faculty at the University with a part­time clinical faculty with hospital facilities on the otherside of town-clearly not what Harper wanted for theUniversity. His original plan would never be fulfilleduntil a full-time clinical faculty could be accommodatedin a teaching hospital on the campus of the University.On the other hand, Harper was aware of how difficultit would be to raise enough money to accomplish this forsome time to come. For one thing, Mr. Rockefeller hadalready been extremely generous, and now he had be­come involved in establishing the Rockefeller Institutefor Medical Research in New York. In any event, withconflicting advice from various people but withRockefeller's final blessing, Harper did bring about anaffiliation between the Rush College of Medicine andThe University of Chicago in 1900. Now, there was amedical school. The students took their preclinicalcourses on the campus of the University on the SouthSide, and their clinical clerkships in the second and thirdyears at Rush on the West Side, where the clinicalfacilities of County and Presbyterian Hospitals wereused for the purpose. This was an affiliation that was tolast for some 40 years.The Magnificent ManDuring the period from 1900 to about 1920, the Dean ofthe Faculty of the Rush College of Medicine of The U ni-14 Early equipment used in the hospital isexemplified by this Kelley-Koett fluoroscope.versity of Chicago, as it was called, was Frank Billings,the leading internist in Chicago, a magnificent man intel­lectually, morally, and in his physical presence; a force­ful, commanding figure, and yet, I would gather fromhearing and reading about him, a very human sort ofman, lovable and not infallible. If there is anyone personwho can be said to have been the architect of medicaleducation at this medical school, it is Frank Billings.Billings was brought up in the universal tradition of thelast half of the 19th century in medical education-thetradition of didactic lectures and amphitheater-type clini­cal demonstrations and showmanship. But he knew thathis own clinical judgment did not come from that, thoughhe had been exposed to it in the best places in this coun­try and in London, Paris, and Vienna.It came instead from his experience with the problemsof his own patients after his formal education was over.His aim was not to eliminate lectures and clinical dem­onstrations entirely. He knew that nothing could substi­tute for a good clinical lecture in providing perspectiveand appropriate emphasis, and he was aware of the spe­cial way in which the demonstration of a patient by alearned professor could stimulate everybody's interest.If the professor happened to have a bag of dramatictricks, so much the better. But this kind of learning ispassive and artifically distant from the patient, and Bil­lings was convinced that it should not any longer make upthe bulk of the way medicine was learned.Billings divided and subdivided the medical schoolclass into groups of two or three, and he saw to it thateach student spoke with the patient and examined himalone and in this way gained intimacy with the nakedfacts of life, health, and disease that a physician cannotdo without. From this personal contact with his patient,the student, with his own powers of observation, his ownrecourse to the literature and to the laboratory, and hisown capacity for synthesis, was to arrive at a diagnosisand a plan of treatment. After all, this is what medicine isabout, and what better time to start learning it than inmedical school? This way of learning medicine is now sogeneral that it is taken for granted, but you should knowthat it was not always so, and it began here.In 1916, eight years after President Harper's death andafter something of a decent interval had passed since Mr.Rockefeller's original support for the founding of theUniversity, he was approached again, this time for helpin building a hospital on the campus to fulfill Harper'sdream. Mr. Rockefeller responded with an offer of twomillion dollars, provided the University could get threeand a half million from other sources. This was a stifforder, but within less than a year, more than the threeand a half million in matching funds had been pledged,practically entirely through the efforts of Frank Billings.One million of this came from the estate of Frank'suncle, the wealthy Chicago industrialist Albert MerrittBillings; who had died in 1897. Frank Billings himselfgave one hundred thousand.In spite of this there was further delay because of thefirst World War and Frank Billings's service with thearmy in Europe. It was not until 1925 that the architect'sdrawings were completed and construction was begun.The doors of The University of Chicago Hospitals andClinics, including the Albert Merritt Billings Hospital,were opened in October, 1927.The Rush College of Medicine retained its affiliationwith The University of Chicago until 1938, so that stu­dents then had the option, after completing their fresh­man and sophomore years, of getting their clinical in­struction here on campus at The University of ChicagoHospitals and Clinics, or at Rush on the West Side.Eventually, there seemed to be no point in further con­tinuing this relationship, and the Rush College ofMedicine became associated with the University of Il­linois. In 1941 Rush went out of existence entirely butnot permanently; it was re-established just a few yearsago as an independent medical school in Chicago. I amaware that in one detached sense all institutions are ab­stractions, and I do not wish to appear stupidly sentimen­tal, but I cannot help saying that I wish this revival of theRush College of Medicine every conceivable success.The present University of Chicago school of medicine*owes that institution a tangible and intellectual debt thatcan never be discharged.Choice SpiritsMy connection with The University of Chicago schoolof medicine began 30 years ago, when the original clinicalfaculty of the opening few years were still here. Whenthey came they were in their early thirties. When I en­tered this school as a freshman they were in their forties.Three of them are still here-Drs. Douglas Buchanan,Charles Huggins, and Henry Ricketts. The rest are gone;·The University of Chicago School of Medicine became The PritzkerSchool of Medicine in 1968. some like Drs. Walter Palmer, Lester Dragstedt, How­ard Hatcher, and Paul Hodges are still active in teaching,research, or practice elsewhere; others are retired; stillothers are deceased. They were themselves a distin­guished group, many of them graduates of Rush, part ofthe debt I just mentioned; all of them had a certain qual­ity that I have not seen again so liberally distributedamong the faculty of any medical school, somethingindefinable in any brief way, except by a phrase thatkeeps recurring to me when I think of them, and whichmay be meaningless to anyone else, but I will say it toyou anyway: They were "intellectually well bred."Any attempt I might make to set out for you the detailsof the "modern history" of the school, say the last 20years (which seem to me more like five), would be toosubjective to be appropriate. I can pass on a fewgeneralities however: The school has changed in thisperiod in ways that one would expect. It is bigger, but notyet too big. It is more bureaucratic unfortunately andinevitably, yet it still has more personal atmosphere thanmost other medical schools I have visited. Many cur­riculum committees have come and gone, but thechanges they have made in the format, necessitated bythe expansion of biomedical knowledge, have not dis­placed the Billings idea from its position of dominance. Itis this expansion of knowledge since World War II thathas made the most important change of all.In the 1940s much of the study time of the students inthe clinical years was given over to pondering the obser­vations of the masters of clinical medicine and of pathol­ogy from the period extending roughly between 1875 and1940. The atmosphere had the cozy, leisurely glow thatcomes with that kind of study. In the 1950s the enormousadvances in molecular biology brought with them the ex­citement of more analytical and activist ways of thinkingabout clinical problems. Recourse to the literature now ismainly to the literature of the present, not to the medicalAristotles of the turn of the century. An unusual case or aproblem of treatment in a difficult case will bring on aZerox blizzard of the latest journal articles on thebiochemistry of the SUbject-truly a fantastic and inspir­ing phenomenon! The more so for an old timer becausesome of the Aristotles, at least, still look pretty good.I wish to say that it has been a privilege to speak to youon so dear a subject, and to thank Dean Ceithaml forinviting me to do so. There was another Baptist at theturn of the century, a wise and wordly one, Mr. Fred­erick T. Gates, who was Mr. Rockefeller's advisor inmatters of educational philanthropy. Mr. Gates oncewrote in a letter to someone the following remark aboutthe proposed new medical school for The University ofChicago: "This conception has been one ofthe dreams ofmy own mind, of a medical college magnificently en­dowed, devoted primarily to investigation, and taking asstudents only the choicest spirits."I welcome you and salute you as the choicest spirits of1973!Dr. Sidney Schulman ('46) is the Ellen C. Manning Profes­sor in the Department of Medicine (Neurology).75PathologyDepartment of DistinctionJames StaceyA little more than two years ago Bruce Wainer, afirst-year student in The University of Chicago's PritzkerSchool of Medicine, wondered if it might be possible toimmunize people against the effects of narcotics. He tookthe question to Dr. Frank W. Fitch ('53), Professor ofPathology and a leading researcher in immunology, andthus began a long-term investigation that temporarilytook Wainer out of medical school and into basic science.It also took him into the laboratories of an eminentbiochemist, psychopharmacologist, and a pediatric im-munologist. .In December, 1973, Wainer completed work for hisPh.D. in Pathology, and in January, 1974, he re-enteredmedical school. He will receive his M.D. in 1975. Hisexperience exemplifies not only Chicago's interdisciplin­ary approach to problems, it also exemplifies the uniquestrength of the University's Department of Pathology."We have produced some of the best pathology faculty inthe country," says Dr. Werner H. Kirsten, Professorand Chairman of the Department of Pathology, and Pro­fessor of Pediatrics and the Committee on Genetics."This is the result of a unique partnership between theclinical and basic sciences. We are housed under oneadministrative roof. We are scientists who also renderpatient care."Part of the clinical services are overseen by Dr. HenryRappaport, Professor and Director of the SurgicalPathology Laboratory and the Hematopathology Train­ing Program. Dr. Rappaport is an internationally recog­nized expert on the diagnosis of lymphomas, leukemias,and diseases of the hematopoietic system. In a recentweek, specimens from such disparate points as Israel andAustralia were sent to his laboratory for diagnosis.Basic research within the Department also hasachieved international distinction. The work of Dr.Robert W. Wissler ('49), the Donald N. Pritzker Profes­sor and former Pathology Chairman, on the role of hyper­lipidemia in the development of atherosclerotic plaque isconsidered definitive. Dr. Fitch and Dr. Donald Rowley('50), Associate Professor of Pathology, are leading in­vestigators concerned with modifying the immune re­sponse.Dr. Kirsten's study of the relationship between theKirsten sarcoma virus and leukemia is internationally16 known. And the work of Dr. Godfrey S. Getz, Professorof Pathology and Biochemistry, in cell biology is widelyrecognized.The science of pathology virtually began in 1858 withthe publication of Cellular Pathologie by Rudolf Vir­chow. His discussion of the cellular nature of tissue, plusthe work of Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch, led to basicdiscoveries on the dynamics of disease. It also estab­lished the science of diagnosis.In recent years, the clinical aspect of pathology hasachieved a dominant position in most medical schools,and most departments offer services in clinical and surgi­cal pathology and also perform autopsies. Chicago's trad­itional strength of faculty and its interdisciplinary ap­proach prevented this narrowing of interest at the Uni­versity."These strengths have allowed us to carry the twodisciplines for many years," says Dr. Kirsten. "But a bigchange occurred in 1958, when we reinstated thegraduate training program, offering M.S. and Ph.D. de­grees in pathology." This not only solidified the impor­tance of basic science in the department, it also helpedattract some of the best medical and basic science stu­dents to pathology-imaginative and promising youngpeople like Bruce Wainer.From Door to Door"I'm not sure that what I did would have been possibleat many other universities," Wainer says of his experi­ence. "It was just a process of knocking on doors andtalking about what I wanted to do. The professors readilyallowed me to use their laboratories and draw on theirexpertise. "What Wainer wanted to know was whether or not an­tibodies could be stimulated to block the effects of heroinor other opiates. This was the question he took to Dr.Fitch, who quickly was attracted to the possibilities ofthe idea and determined that such a reaction was theoret­ically possible. What was needed was the correct an­tigen.This took Wainer to the office of Josef Fried, the LouisBlock Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry and theBen May Laboratory, and a leading investigator in thechemistry of carcinogenesis by aromatic hydrocarbons.In Fried's laboratory, Wainer searched for chemical de­rivatives of drugs that could be coupled to proteins, andfinally was able to form a promising drug-protein conju­gate.Now he had to discover whether or not the substancewould work. This took him to the office of Charles R.Schuster, Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Phar­macology, who had been conducting experiments withanimals involving the self-administration of opiates. Atthis point, Wainer also visited Dr. Richard M. Rothberg,Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Pathology andimmunologist who developed a highly sensitive radio­immunoassay capable of characterizing the antisera pro­duced and of studying the immunochemical properties ofthe drug-protein conjugate. The assay permitted meas­urement of the antibody produced and determination ofhow it reacted with different narcotics.The most remarkable part of the investigation camewith the animal model studies. A graphic demonstrationcame from experiments with guinea pig intestine mus­cles. Under normal circumstances, the intestine con­tracted when subjected to electric stimulation. Introduc­tion of morphine stilled these contractions. However,Dr. Werner H. Kirsten. when the antibody was introduced the intestine agamcontracted when subjected to stimulation.Wainer is understandably excited and somewhat ap­prehensive about the finding. It has far-reaching implica­tions. "Now we're trying to quantify our results," hesays. "We want to be able to predict the amounts ofantibody needed. There is a lot more to learn about this."Excitement is an emotion shared by many other youngresearchers in the Department of Pathology. Dr. RussellK. Brynes, U.S. Public Health Service Trainee inHematopathology, feels that hematopathology offers un­usual research opportunities. "It lends itself to humanresearch, since it's relatively easy to remove blood sam­ples from humans as opposed to tissue from other organsystems situated deep within the body.Dr. Brynes points out that research in theHematopathology Training Program is disease oriented,and that correct characterization of malignant blood dis­eases has become critically important in recent years."Very encouraging results in the treatment of acute lym­phocytic leukemia of childhood are evident." he says."By contrast, acute granulocytic leukemia responds lesswell to therapy. Only 10 years ago, little distinction wasmade between these two types of leukemia. "Treatment of childhood leukemias has changeddramatically in the last two decades, he says. Then thedisease was considered fatal at the time of diagnosis, andthe child would die within a few months. The discoveryof a single drug treatment extended life expectancy to sixmonths, and now multiple drug treatment is providingfive-year survival for many victims. A vital part of treat­ment is correct diagnosis and accurate classification ofdisease."Dr. Rappaport was instrumental in establishing aninternational classification system for hemopoietic(blood) cancers," says Dr. Brynes.Dr. Rappaport feels his responsibilities are twofold.First, he is involved with a post-graduate training pro­gram. "In the course of this program," he says,"disease-oriented rssearch is carried out, dealing eitherwith an in-depth study on established or newly discov­ered clinico-pathological entities, or with applications oflaboratory methods to help understand these entities."Current research in his laboratory is related to theclassification of various lymphomas and leukemias, notonly by the more traditional light and electron micro­scopic methods, but also by examination of tumor cellsfor the presence or absence of gamma globulins and otherimmunologic cell surface characteristics. It is believed17that immunologic classification of these malignancies,and the understanding derived from delineating thetumor-host relationship, will lead to new therapeutic ap­proaches in the treatment of lymphomas and leukemias.A second responsibility relates to clinical studies car­ried out by the Section of Hematology in the Departmentof Medicine. "Here the collaboration of pathologists andinternists is essential because the neoplastic diseases ofthe hemopoietic system are a heterogeneous group ofillnesses requiring constant study with respect toclassification and extent of disease for prognosis andproper selection of therapy. "Dr. Kirsten points out that the service obligations ofthe Department of Pathology are considerable. In themost recent year, there are 900,000 clinical chemistrytests, 600,000 clinical hematology tests, 85,000 clinicalmicrobiology tests, 6,000 surgical pathology tests, and400 autopsies. "It is an excellent diagnostic service," hesays.There are 30 full-time faculty members in the Depart­ment and 7 joint appointments, Dr. Kirsten says. In addi­tion, there are 19 interns or residents, 2 fellows, and 2graduate students.Reversing Disease EffectsOne of the best known research projects in the De­partment is Dr. Wissler's work on atherosclerosis. Heartattack remains the leading cause of death in the UnitedStates, and Dr. Wissler's studies of the relationship be­tween excessive dietary cholesterol, saturated fats andcalories, and the development of atherosclerosis that canlead to heart attack are of pivotal importance. His recentstudies with Rhesus monkeys show that smooth musclecells, normally situated in the media of the arterial wall,may play the central role in the development of athero­sclerotic plaque.Another critically important study with Rhesus mon­keys shows that atherosclerosis can be reversed by a low­fat, low-cholesterol diet. In the study, four controlgroups were fed diets high in fat and cholesterol for 18months. By that time, one of the groups continued on thediet while two other groups were fed low-fat, low choles­terol diets. After another 18 months, the high-fat grouphad 95 percent aortic lesion with a severity rating of 51percent. By contrast, one of the low-fat groups had 31percent gross aortic lesion with a 14 percent severity rat­mg.In a related study, Dr. Getz is concerned with thebiosynthesis of plasma lipoproteins, particularly withvery low density lipoproteins, which transport tri­glyceride and cholesterol through the blood stream. Dr.Getz points out that it had been known that the introduc­tion of orotic acid in the diet over a period of time led tothe development of a fatty liver. This diet also led to thedisappearance of low density lipoproteins.In studies with Dr. Getz, Dr. Pottenger, a medicalstudent, was able to isolate the protein of low densitylipoproteins in the liver. He also examined the way theliver stores these lipoproteins and found that their pro­teins were not complete. Now he is trying to discover thecontrolling factors relating to the secretion of lipopro-18 Dr. Robert W. Wissler.teins from the liver. He is also trying to determine howlipids in the diet control the production of lipoproteins.Such knowledge could lead to the control of lipoproteinproduction, resulting in a method for interfering with thedevelopment of atherosclerotic plaque.Another of Dr. Getzs studies, performed in collabora­tion with Dr. Murray Rabinowitz, the Louis Block Pro­fessor of Medicine and Biochemistry, concerns thebiogenesis of mitochondria, the structures within the cellthat are the transducers of food energy into energy usefulwithin the cell. The mitochondrion contains a piece of itsown DNA, and in its formation there is an interactionbetween proteins formed by the mitochondria ON A andproteins formed outside the mitochondrion to establishthe form of the mitochondrion itself. Apart from its im­portance to basic research, the study may shed somelight on the development of cancer. Dr. Getz points outthat the regulation of the consumption of oxygen, a keyingredient in the functioning of mitochondria, -is fre­quently abnormal after a cell has become cancerous. Hewonders if some breakdown in the control of mitochon­drial function triggers a process that results in cancerousgrowth.Answers to CancerMany of the investigations of the Department relate tocancer research. Dr. Kirsten is concerned with cancer­causing viruses, particularly those causing leukemia andlymphomas. His special interest is in certain childhoodleukemias, searching for a possible viral link. In animalmodels, it is possible to isolate a certain virus fromleukemic cells. However, leukemic cells from a child,grown in tissue culture, will not release a virus. Thetheory is the virus may be there in a latent form, whichhas occurred in some instances.Dr. Kirsten and his associates study an attenuatedDr. Henry Rappaport.mouse leukemia virus, one which doesn't cause cancer.He is attempting to determine how the virus became at­tenuated, and says the indication is that a basic changeoccurs in the proteins and possibly in the RNA of thevirus. Understanding the dynamics of the change couldbe of vital importance to cancer research.The work of Dr. Ting-Wa Wong (,57), Associate Pro­fessor of Pathology, also is cancer-related. Her majorinterest is in the biosynthesis of minor nucleotides intransfer RNA.Dr. Wong says there are indications that the aminoacid accepting capacity as well as codon recognition oftransfer RN A is controlled by thionucleotides. Shestudies the enzyme which synthesizes the thionu­cleotides both in normal development and in neoplasia.Immunology is another important area within the De­partment. Many observers feel the subspeciality is one ofthe most exciting in medicine today, and that thedefinitive answers to cancer therapy may come from athorough understanding of antibody genesis and produc­tion. Another vital concern of immunologists relates toorgan transplantation. In this area, Dr. Fitch works withDr. Donald A. Rowley, Professor of Pathology and theLa Rabida-University of Chicago Institute, Dr. HeinzKohler, Associate Professor of Pathology, and Dr.Frank P. Stuart, Associate Professor of Surgery, on aproject designed to modify the immune response to kid­ney grafts.To date, the most successful kidney grafts occur whenthe donor is a close relative, either a twin or immediatefamily member. In such cases, physicians look for his­tocompatibility. If the family is large enough, it's verylikely that two siblings will have sufficiently similar an­tigen make-up to permit successful grafting, and abouttwo-thirds of such grafts are accepted.However, too few families are sufficiently large topermit this kind of graft, and in its absence physicians attempt to achieve acceptance by suppressing the im­mune response. Currently drugs, which do not workselectively, are used to achieve this, resulting in a generalsuppression of an immune system and a heighteneddanger of infection.Equilibrating the Immune SystemDr. Fitch and his collaborators are trying to manipu­late the immune system for a selective response to kidneygrafts. They are following a lead offered by the treatmentof erythroblastosis fetalis, a hemolytic anemia of thefetus due to transplancental transmission of maternallyformed antibody. This disease, also called the Rh dis­ease, can occur when an Rh negative mother carries anRh positive child, whose blood can seep through theplacenta, triggering an immune response. What happensis the mother develops antibodies against Rh positiveblood cells. The disease typically occurs in a second pre­gnancy, when the mother's antibodies can travel fromher blood stream to the fetus, where they will attack redblood cells and cause severe anemia or even brain dam­age.Now such mothers are injected before pregnancy withthe specific antibodies. Curiously, this effectively foolsthe immune system. For some reason, presence in theblood of these antibodies precludes the production of thesame antibodies, and the machinery for their productionsimply is not tooled up.Dr. Fitch and his associates are trying to apply thistechnique to kidney grafting. In animal models they haveinjected antibodies directed against the graft beforetransplantation, and have been able to achieve successby deactivating the antibody production machinery.However, they have been unable to translate this successto humans. With humans, the antibody activates a com­plement response that is very harmful. They now knowthat a certain part of the antibody molecule activates thecomplement, and are trying to remove that part whileretaining the part that relates to the kidney graft.Dr. Fitch points out that the immune system is finelytuned. It does not depend upon a simple on-offmechanism, but instead depends upon a number of highlysophisticated controls that can be likened to the mostexpensive stereo broadcasting system. A listener typi­cally wants fine turning so that volume, tone, and balanceare in a pleasing equilibrium. The immune system is simi­larly tempered, so that the body will not shut down whilethe immune system responds to the common cold virusor a comparable infection. Instead of a full-volume re­sponse, there is a modulated response, one in tune with ahighly complex mechanism, and unravelling the complex­ity of this system is the present, difficult work of im­munologists.Similarly, all pathologists at the University are en­gaged in the same intricate work of unravelling thepathogenesis of disease. From the moment that man firstrecognized the reality of illness, the mystery of its causeplagued him as much as the disease itself. If ever we areto elucidate that mystery, pathology as it is conducted atThe University of Chicago will playa major role in thatclarification.19ProfileThe 1973 Entering Medical ClassJoseph CeithamlThe University of Chicago's 1973 entering medical classof 104 students was selected from a record-breakingnumber of 4,819 applicants. The class includes tenPh.D.'s (all male) of whom nine enrolled in the acceler­ated three-calendar-year program of medical studies andbegan those studies in the summer quarter. The other 95students began their four-year program of medicalstudies in the autumn quarter.Of the 104 students, 18 are women (four married) and86 are men (16 married, including eight of the Ph.D. 's).Five of the Ph.D. 's each had one child at the time theybegan their medical studies. The class also includes 11members of minority groups: six orientals, two blacks,one Panamanian Indian, and one Spanish-surnamed stu­dent (see Table I).Four entering students hold foreign citizenship, buttwo of these have permanent resident status in theUnited States. The other two intend to return to Panamaand Hong Kong, respectively. The two to remain in theUnited States are from Cuba and Czechoslovakia.The presence of 10 Ph.D. 's in the class results in awide age range. The youngest person in the entering classis an unmarried woman just turned 20 who has her B.A.degree in biology. The oldest member of the class, whenhe began his medical studies, was a 35-year-old marriedmale with a Ph.D. degree in chemistry. The average ageof the entering students was slightly less than 23, with 82of the students under 23 years of age when they begantheir medical studies.The 104 entering students received their undergraduateeducations at 58 different colleges and universities. Asusual, the College of The University of Chicago providedthe largest number, namely 16. The University of Illinoisfollowed with 10; then Carleton College with six; Stan­ford University, four; Brown University, three; and In­diana University, three. The remaining 52 schools pro­vided one or two students each. (see Table II).Table III shows the geographical distribution of theclass by state of residence. As expected, Illinois leadswith 43 students; then California with 13; Indiana, eight;New York and Ohio, four each; and Maryland, Mis­souri, and New Jersey, three each. All in all, 23 states,Washington, D.C., and three foreign countries are rep­resented in the class.Students in the 1973 entering class have the following20 Joseph J. Ceithaml, Dean of Students, chats with senior Anne Ward.academic credentials: the average grade point average(GPA) was 3.55--on a scale where 4.0 equals A and 3.0equals B -and 92 percent of the class had G PAs higherthan 3.2. All but four of the entering students have atleast a bachelor's degree. Four others have receivedmaster's degrees and, as noted previously, 10 havePh.D. degrees. The four master's degrees were one eachin anatomy, chemistry, physiology, and zoology. Of the10 Ph.D. 's five were in chemistry, three in physics, onein bioengineering, and one in biochemistry.It is of interest to note the academic majors which theentering students chose while in college. Most of the en­tering students majored in science, principally biology(40%) or chemistry (20%), while 10 percent were nonsci­ence majors. As seen in Table IV, there is little differ­ence between the academic majors chosen by the menand women in the class. In each instance about 90 per­cent chose science majors, and eight of the entering stu­dents had double majors in college.Table I: Entering Medical Class, 1973EnteringClass ApplicantsSingle Men 70Married Men 16Married Men with Children 5Total Men 86 4,054Single Women 14Married Women 4Total Women 18 765Ph.D.s 11Minority Group Students 12Oriental 6Black 2American Indian 1Panamanian Indian 1Spanish Surnamed 1Total Students 104 4,819 Table II: Undergraduate College Distribution,Augustana College, Illinois (1)Beloit College (1)Brown University (3)Bryn Mawr (1)University of California, Berkeley (1)University of California, Davis (1)University of California, Irvine (1)University of California, LA (1)University of California, Riverside (1)University of California, Santa Barbara (1)University of California, San Diego (2)Carleton College (6)University of Chicago (16)University of Colorado (1)Columbia University (1)DePaul University (2)Earlham College (1)Franklin and Marshall College, Pennsylvania (1)Harvard College (2)Hope College (1)Illinois Institute of Technology (1)University of Illinois, Circle Campus (2)University of Illinois, Urbana (10)Indiana University (3)Johns Hopkins Un iversity (2)Kalamazoo College (1)Kansas University (1)Marquette University (1)University of Michigan (1)University of Minnesota (1)Un iversity of New Mexico (1)New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology (1)University of North Carolina (1)Northwestern Un iversity (2)Notre Dame University (2)Occidental College, California (1)Princeton University (2)Purdue University (2)Queens College, Canada (1)Richmond College, Virginia (1)University of Rochester (1)Rutgers University (1)St. Johns College, Maryland (1)St. Olaf College (1)St. Vincent College, Pennsylvania (1)Stanford University (4)Taylor University, Indiana (1)Temple Buell College, Colorado (1)Trinity College, Connecticut (1)Tufts University (1)Tulane University (1)University of Virginia (1)Washington State University (1)Wellesley University (1)Wesleyan College, Connecticut (1)University of Wisconsin, Madison (1)Xavier University, Ohio (1)Yale University (2)Number of Schools: 5821On the Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT),which is required of all medical applicants, the enteringclass as usual scored very well. The average total MCATscore was slightly higher than 620, which falls easilywithin the top quintile of all medical applicants last year.Since it is the policy of the Committee on Admissionsto consider each applicant on his or her own merits, it isnot surprising that the family backgrounds of the enteringstudents are quite varied. Eleven come from Universityof Chicago alumni families, and in four instances bothparents are alumni of the University. Two of the fathersare alumni of our medical school and in all the other casesthe parents are alumni of the College. Five members ofthe entering class come from families where one or bothparents have less than a high school education. At theother end of the academic spectrum, 66 of the studentscome from families where one or both parents are collegegraduates.Considering the wide variation in parents' educations,it is not surprising that the occupations of the parents alsorepresent a cross section of the professions, industry,and labor. Included among the fathers are 14 physicians,nine engineers, five college professors, four research sci­entists, three dentists, three public accountants, twoschoolteachers, two science administrators, twometeorologists, a lawyer, a banker, and a minister. Also,among the fathers are found 11 salesmen, 10 businessexecutives, nine businessmen, four laborers, three farm­ers, a contractor, a surveyer, an air-traffic controller, apoliceman, a machinist, a carpenter, a janitor, a lithog-Table III: Geographic Distributionof Entering ClassCalifornia (13)Colorado (1)Connecticut (2)Florida (1)Illinois (43)Indiana (8)Iowa (1)Kansas (2)Louisiana (1)Maryland (3)Massachusetts (1)Michigan (2)Minnesota (1) Missouri (3)New Jersey (3)New Mexico (2)New York (4)North Carolina (1)North Dakota (1)Ohio (4)Pennsylvania (1)Washington (1)Wisconsin (2)Washington, D.C. (1)Hong Kong (1)Panama (1)22 rapher, and an actuary. All of the remaining fathers areretired, except for three who are deceased.Of the mothers, two-thirds (67) are housewives, whilethe rest have careers in addition to being housewives. Inthis group are 13 schoolteachers, three secretaries, twolibrarians, two college professors, two nurses, a chemist,a research assistant, and an occupational therapist, aswell as various clerical and office workers.This 1973 medical class has essentially the same highacademic and non-academic credentials and the samegreat potential as previous classes. Consequently, ourexpectations for this class are similarly very high.Joseph Ceithaml is Dean of Students in the Division of theBiological Sciences and The Pritzker School of Medicineand Professor in the Department of Biochemistry.Table IV: Academic Major DistributionMajor Men Women TotalAnthropology 1 0 1Biochemistry 7 0 7Bioengineering 1 0 1Biology 34 10 44Biophysics 1 0 1Chemistry 21 6 27English 0 1 1Geology 1 0 1Humanities 1 0 1Liberal Arts 1 0 1Mathematics 2 0 2Microbiology 2 0 2Natural Sciences 1 0 1Physics 4 1 5Physiology 7 0 7PreprofessionalStudies 3 0 3Psychobiology 1 0 1Psychology 2 1 3Religion 1 0 1Russian 1 0 1Zoology 1 0 1Totals 93 19 112**Eight students carried double majors.WINE &CHEESEPARTYFreshman medical students got to see the setting sunfrom a new vantage point on Wednesday, November 14,1973. The Medical Alumni Association held its fourthannual Wine and Cheese Party that day on the top floorof the recently dedicated Cummings Life Science Center.Though the unfinished state of the Cummings eleventhfloor would normally have not provided much ambience,the association created a candle-lit atmosphere that wasfurther enhanced by the intermingling of freshman stu­dents with faculty and local alumni.On these pages is a pictorial report of the evening'sfun. Also on these pages are preliminary comments fromfreshman students on their reactions to The PritzkerSchool of Medicine. The comments were collected byLinda Hughey, a freshman medical student from Wil­mette, Illinois."Thank God for no grades! We were selected for beingcompulsive enough to work hard, but at least on a pass­fail system we are working with one another instead ofagainst one another, as happens in other medicalschools." "The weather's awful!"Dr. Mark Siegler ('67) (left), and Pat Kurtz."I rode the elevated to a commuter college in Chicagoevery day as an undergraduate. Every day I stared at TheUniversity of Chicago ads-39 Nobel Prize winners.Wow."(left to right) Robert Bossard, Richard Walker, and John Cheronis.23"It's great to be on a campus. Even if we never have timeto participate in campus events, it is nice to know whatwe are missing."(left to right) Burton Herbstman, Shelley Bernstein, and Barry Atlas."Whenever I wonder if it is all worth it, I think of thepatient we saw one morning in COP. A young man withHodgkin's disease was hoping for a long future, thanks tothe research work being done at The University ofChicago. He and his fiance do not wonder ifit is all worthit; they know it is. One lecture and a patient like thathave gotten me through many an evening's plod throughGrant's Atlas of Anatomy."(lei: to right) Dr. Julius Ginsberg ('32), Alvin Markovitz, and Dr. CatherineL. Dobson ('30).24 Dr. Andrew Brislen ('35)."When most single girls' parents can't reach them Satur­day night, they lecture them about propriety. Last weekmine lectured me about spending the evening at the lib­rary. I was irked that they would make such an assump­tion, but the galling part was that they were right."Linda Hughey and Dean Joseph J. Ceithaml.Doctors and Lawyers: War and PeaceAlumni Day Dinner AddressBernard D. MeltzerI propose to say a word, first, about the purpose of lawas it impinges on the discharge of your professional medi­cal responsibilities and, second, about the changes in ourcultu�e that underscore the need for reciprocal under­standing �n? cooperation between our profes­sions=-medicine and law. I must begin with a cautionand a disclaimer. My own professional interests arer7mo�� fr�m som7 aspects of matters, such as malprac­uce litigation, which, I understand, stir your interest and�rom time to time your sense of outrage. This caution�s relat7d to my disclaimer: What I shall have to sayIS not mtended to be legal advice, and if you shoulddecide to bring a malpractice suit against me it wouldI believe, be dismissed on the ground that yo�r relianc�on my remarks as a basis for action rather than reflectionwould be wholly unwarranted.The essential enterprise of law is to subject men tothe governance of externally imposed rules. In an ancientcelebration, which we have special reason to recall atthis. melancholy moment of our history, Lord Cokeadvised the King of England that even the Crown wassubordinate to God and the Law. And so it is, I neednot remind you, with the medical profession which isincreasingly entangled in a web of law, enforced by anuncongenial system of reparations and penalties.The operation of this system in medical malpracticecases has spawned a cluster of problems that were saidby President Nixon to be so profound that he directeda commission be established to deal with them. Thatcom.mission, established in 1971, filed its report in 1973.*I will draw on some of the findings of that report asI attempt to provide some perspective for the web oflegal, medical, economic, sociological, and psychologicalfactors that make up the malpractice problem.Extravagant FearsAlthough I do not want to be unlawyerlike by failingto emphasize the gloomiest contingencies, I venture tosay that fears of legal liability expressed by some compe­tent doctors seem extravagant to me. Thus the commis­sion's statistics, although they indicate that the tempoof malpractice litigation has been increasing, also indicatethat .the risk of exposure for physicians as a group isrelatively low. I recognize that "relatively low" areweasel words and that it is a human failing to minimizethe risks that others bear. Nevertheless, you may find"Report of the Secretary's Commission on Medical Malpractice,Department of Health, Education and Welfare Publication, No.(05.)73-88 June 11, 1973). one. of the �ommission's statistics interesting. On thebasis of claim experience reported in 1970, each timea doctor or a dentist treats a patient there is less thano�e c�ance in 10?,000 of an incident occurring that willgive rise to a medical malpractice suit. This figure is obvi­ously quite crude; it assumes that the incidence of mal­practice claims is a matter of chance. It does not purportto reflect the disproportionately high risk borne by sur­geons and anesthesiologists, among other important vari­ables. Nevertheless, some of you may get some comfortfrom the crude figure.�here is one situation in which fears of liability seemplamly to be exaggerated and may be a rationalizationf?r other concerns. I refer to the good samaritan situa­non, the rendering of emergency aid by a physician whohappens to see an accident. The commission stated thatt�ere was no officially reported decision in which a physi­cian had been sued for his efforts under those conditionsexcept for one case recently filed in Hawaii, which inci­dent�lly has a. good samaritan statute. It also reportedthat It had no mformation on unreported cases or settle­ments. Finally, th� �ommission reported that 50 percentof a group of physicians recently responding to an AMApool indicated that they would not render emergency careregardless of whether a statute protecting good samari­�an� was 10 effect. I am skeptical that that poll is a reliableindicator of what doctors would do in a crunch. In anyevent, the commission's findings suggest that neither theactual nor the anticipated incidence of litigation explainswhatever reluctance there is among doctors to serve asgood s.amaritans. Crime in the streets is probably a muchmore Important factor than the law in the books or thelaw in action.W�at�ver th� .magnitude of the risk imposed by thelaw, It. IS a familiar argument that the doctor's plight isessentially the same as that of other citizens, who areBernard D. Meltzer.25increasingly subject to regulation. Doctors, like others,can protect themselves by insurance at a price andthereby shift the risk of liability and, through the pricingmechanism, can distribute most of the costs of insuranceto consumers of medical services and third party payers.These points are valid, I believe, but not unqualifiedlyso.Insurance, while it can protect against direct financiallosses, cannot protect against more subtle but quiteimportant threats posed by malpractice litigation. Insur­ance plainly cannot protect against the wound to one'sname. It cannot protect against the undermining of thatpeculiarly important ingredient of treatment-confidencein the medical profession-or against the diversion ofenergy for depositions and court appearances in thedemeaning adversary environment of a trial. It is under­standable, although deplorable in my view, that Dr.Northrop, a member of the commission, reacted to mal­practice litigation with this prescription: "Practice defen­sive medicine. And above all, and this is the most impor­tant thing, despise what could and should be honored,jurisprudence.' ,Threats of LiabilityI shall return to this comment about jurisprudence.What is of more fundamental importance to the qualityand availability of medical care, however, is the doctor'sexhortation to practice "defensive medicine." Let meuse the commission's definition, which is "the alterationof modes of medical practice, induced by the threat ofliability, for the principal purposes of forestalling the pos­sibility of lawsuits by patients as well as providing a goodlegal defense in the event such lawsuits are instituted."The commission broke down this definition into twoparts: "Positive defensive medicine," it added, "isengaging in a test or other diagnostic or therapeuticprocedure which is not medically justified, for the soleor primary purpose of preventing or defending againstthe threat of liability." And "negative defensivemedicine" is the failure to take steps because of litigationconsiderations even though such steps are likely tobenefit the patient.The commission referred to various opinion surveysthat indicated 50 to 70 percent of the physicians polledsaid they engage in defensive medicine. It is not clear,however, that the pollsters used the same definition asdid the commission. In any case the commission foundthat the extent to which defensive medicine is practicedis unknown. The commission did not specify with anyparticularity, however, the medically unwarranted actionthat would be a shield against liability, and for someexposed specialities such as anesthesiology, it is hardfor an outsider like me to guess what they would be.The commission did suggest, although somewhat�elicately, that ethical questions were raised by the prac­tree of defensive medicine. Plainly, positive defensivemedicine involves over-utilization of health care facilitiesand strains the resources of medical delivery systemsand of patients. And negative defensive medicine maylead doctors to play it safe because of remote and unin-26 surable legal risks even though immediate medical con­siderations may call for bold innovation.I do not mean to underestimate the instinct for self­preservation or to presume to be your moral tutor. ButI cannot refrain from raising the question of whetherdefensive medicine as defined by the commission doesnot deserve unequivocal professional condemnation.The answer implied by the commission is that suchcondemnation would be a futile gesture unless it werecoupled with a reform of the abuses inherent in our liabil­ity system. That answer is, in my view, unacceptable,first, because abuses in the legal system do not warranttreatment designed to protect the doctor and, second,no matter what changes are made in our earthly legalsystem it will remain imperfect.I do not mean to suggest that lawyers or doctors orcitizens generally should be complacent about the defectsin our legal system. Plainly, our professions must workharder, severally and jointly, in the interest of reform.And I would add that my colleagues have not been idle.This is not the place to assess their efforts, to appraisealternatives to existing standards of liability and dam­ages, or to recite the difficulties of achieving the politicalconsensus, which is the prerequisite for legislativereform. But it is, I believe, appropriate to remind youthat the law has as its ideal rational standards of perfor­mance and accountability, that it looks for such standardswherever it can find them, and that law-makinginstitutions-courts as well as legislatures-will giveStudent lawyers.weight to the judgment, experience, and integrity of doc­tors.The law must, however, resolve conflicting claims andvalues. And so doctors, like others, may be heard butnot heeded by the law's institutions. Contrary to Dr.Northrop, I urge you not to despise jurisprudence butto care for it enough to help improve it. The alternativeto jurisprudence, as the doctor used that term, has been,after all, the fist and the club and modern improvementsthereon. And the consequence of following his prescrip­tion would be a less informed law and a law that wouldstumble even more than it does as it seeks to do justicein the particular case and as it calls on all of us to remedyour defects and to be accountable for our lapses fromgoverning standards of performance.Education and HabituationI do not, of course, mean to suggest that medical dia­tribes against the law are based on the premise that doc­tors should be exempt from appropriate standards ofaccountability or, indeed, on dissatisfaction with the con­tent of existing standards as abstractions. My impressionis that the procedures of the law are a more importantsource of interprofessional antagonism. It is true thatthose procedures sometimes are abused by unscrupulouslawyers and badly managed by incompetent judges. Butthe sources of antagonism are deeper than what I willloosely call the malpractices of my own profession andappear to involve differences in training and in workingStudent doctor. habits and insufficient understanding of those differ­ences. That essentially psychological explanation hasbeen offered by David Louisell, a law professor, andHarold Williams, a doctor and a lawyer, in their workon Medical M a/practice. Referring to organized andinterprofessional antagonism, the authors say:The professional education, training, andhabits of thought of lawyers and physiciansprofoundly differ. The modern law curriculumis essentially a continuing Socratic dialogue.Medical instruction is largely didactic andauthoritative. Perhaps the reasons for thislargely inhere in the nature of medical educa­tion, although one may question whether itstechniques are excessively dogmatic. The con­troversial method is the meat of the lawyer notonly because he functions in an adversary sys­tem but because he has been nurtured in con­troversy from his first day of law shcool. Thephysician on the other hand has been con­ditioned to objective scientific inquiry and tohim notorious contest, with its emotional over­tones, is apt to be a disruptive element in thesearch for facts. While the lawyer typicallysees challenge in open disputation, the physi­cian may see in it only unnecessary insult,especially when his own or a brotherphysician's treatment of a patient is called intoquestion.Moreover, the nature of the lawyer'severyday problem is akin to his conditioningand temperament. Of course, the trial lawyerfunctions in the heart-land of notorious con­troversy. But even the office lawyer in draftinga contract ... knows that over his shoulderare peering the critical eyes of the lawyers forthe other parties, actual or potential, to thetransaction. Many physicians, on the otherhand, are likely to think of their contacts withother physicians over a mutual patient as ide­ally constituting a cooperative effort directedtoward the single objective of the patient'shealth. Such physicians feel that althoughsometimes differences of professional opinionwill unfortunately erupt into adversary disputa­tion, usually they should be resolved harmoni­ously by mutual and objective inquiry andassessment. In any event, normally these dif­ferences are to be kept under cover for thereis nothing quite so disconcerting to a patientas a dilemma about which of several attendingphysicians to believe ....As Louisell and Williams recognize. their observationscan easily be pushed too far. Lawyers are not alwaysat their adversaries' throats; on the contrary, theyaccomplish a good deal of constructive problem-solving27as adversaries. Furthermore, lawyers no less than doc­tors are troubled by aspects of our adversary process:our mysterious rules of evidence that exclude much thatis relevant and stifle natural communication, the fallibilityof human observation and memory, the conscious orunconscious distortion of partisan-witnesses-expert andamateur alike-the countervailing hyperbole of counsel,the vagaries of juries, the inadequacies of some judges,the need to decide one way or the other no matter whatthe doubts. These characteristics of litigation movedLearned Hand, one of our most respected judges, to saythat next to illness and death he most feared to be aparticipant in litigation.It is not surprising, then, that the doctor-defendant orwitness in this alien, hostile, and sometimes rude forumshould feel antipathy for the lawyer who is cross­examining him and for the system that subjects him tothe ordeal of trial or cross-examination. Perhaps thatantipathy will be reduced if physicians reflect on twopoints. First, the adversary method is the lawyer's basictechnique, which he is duty bound to employ in the inter­ests of his client. The individual lawyer who dischargeshis professional obligation through the use of this methodis no more to be blamed for the pain he causes in dealingwith disputes than is the doctor for the pain involvedin dealing with disease. Second, the adversary method,like other kinds of strong medicine, appears to workreasonably well in resolving conflict. At least we havenot been able to devise a basic procedure more accept­able to a society with our history and values.At the same time, let me assure you, the proceduralrules are subject to unending scrutiny and continuingreforms, some of which have indeed made inroads onthe adversary system. Thus, with the cooperation of themedical profession, impartial medical testimony planshave been established with a view toward curbing orneutralizing partisanship of experts in personal injurycases. Similar panels have been established for medicalmalpractice cases, overcoming what used to be viewedas a medical conspiracy to cover up medical errors.Further development of such panels promises to promoteinterprofessional confidence rapport as well as justice.In addition psychiatrists, among others, have submitteduseful and influential criticism of the legal criteria andprocedures for dealing with issues of insanity and crimi­nal responsibility. These examples make it plain thatmany physicians and lawyers have narrowed the inter­professional gulf and have engaged in fruitful collabora­tion.There is another set of issues that calls for such col­laboration and that is, I believe, even more significantin its moral implications than malpractice and proceduralproblems. These issues arise from the achievements ofmedicine in prolonging life, from the new biology, andfrom the new morality that has sought to fill the vacuumleft by the erosion of religious faith. These issues includedefinitions of life and death in, for example, the contextof abortion or organ transplants. They include questionsabout the sanctity of life and the freedom of the individualin the context of euthanasia, eugenics, genetic manipula­tion or improvement, sterilization, and population con-28 trol. There are, of course, other important public issuesof a different order, such as those arising from proposalsfor the financing of medical care for the medically indig­ent, the related problems of adequate supply and deliverysystems, and the protection of professional autonomyagainst the long and distorting reach of government. Ialso have in mind the housekeeping and financial issuescreated by new bureaucracies, whose demands for paperwork proceed at a gallop while their payments crawl.High-Order CapabilitiesI do not mean to suggest that law and medicine havethe answers for all these prickly inatters, many of whichalso call for insights of theologians and philosophers. ButI do not know of any other professionals who are closerto the light or whose large-minded collaboration promisesto be more productive.It would be natural and justifiable if many of you gavethose large issues considerably lower priorities than theimmediate demands of the surgical table, the laboratory,or the consultation room. But others among you will nodoubt see that those immediate demands cannot in theend be sealed off from what I have for convenience calledpublic issues and that those issues in their own right merityour attention. In any case I am confident that the neces­sary interprofessional cooperation, which has alreadybegun, will continue and grow stronger.My confidence is, let me emphasize, not occasionedby the need for a happy ending but rather by the factthat the differences between our professions are, in myview, overshadowed by the attributes, the respon­sibilities, the pressure that, I like to believe, we havein common. Both professions call for intellectual andmoral capacities of a high order, the resiliency to acceptdefeat, frustration, and the deferral of satisfaction. Bothof our professions are also increasingly fragmented byspecialties producing a torrent of literature that threatensthe whole man, in both his professional and humancapacity. Both of them involve the tensions betweencupidity and professionalism inherent in fee-for-servicearrangements. Both of them also call for disciplined sen­sitivity to the grubby particulars of circumstantial evi­dence. They call also for the management of doubt withrespect to the most vital interests of those who dependon us. Both of them, in demanding the most exactingloyalty to those interests, reflect the basic commitmentof our society to the dignity and freedom of theindividual. Finally, for the proper discharge of ourrespective responsibilities, the admonition of my late col­league, Karl Llewellyn, is in point. Technique withoutideals, he said, is a menace, but ideals without techniqueare a mess.You may have caught an echo of the Hippocratic Oathin Llewellyn's comment. Let me draw from the oath mywish and, I take it, everyone's wish for the class of 1973,that you meet the demands of competence and integrityand enjoy "life and art" -notwithstanding the "broodingomnipresence" of the law.Bernard D. Meltzer is the James Parker Hall Professor inThe University of Chicago Law School.The times changeAnd we change with them.. IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII -From Owen's EpigrammataName Graduation YearHome Address TelephoneCity, State, ZipBusiness Address TelephoneCity, State, ZipTitleNew address?New position?New medical practice?military assignment?civic or professional honor?book?Please tear out, fold, staple, or tape, and drop in the mail box. Thanks!Medical Alumni Association1025 East 57th StreetChicago, Illinois 60637Fold this flap in first ,-------,I I: Place :: Stamp :: Here :I IL ,News BriefsNew Michael Reese AppointmentsThe following appointments of full-timemembers of Michael Reese Hospital andMedical Center to The Pritzker Schoolof Medicine have been made:Dr. Martin Harrow to Associate Pro­fessor of Psychiatry for three years, ef­fective November I, 1973.Dr. G. J avaheri to Assistant Professorof Obstetrics and Gynecology for twoyears, effective July 1, 1974.Dr. Harold Klawans to Associate Pro­fessor of Medicine for three years, effec­tive January 1, 1974.Dr. Mabel Koshy to Instructor ofMedicine for one year, effective July 1,1973.Dr. Ruth Pick to Professor of Pathol­ogy and Medicine for three years, effec­tive December 1, 1973.Dr. Ronald Rosenberg to AssociateProfessor of Anesthesiology for oneyear, effective February 1, 1974.Dr. Martin Colman to Assistant Pro­fessor of Radiology for two years, effec­tive October 1, 1973.Dr. William L. Schey to AssociateProfessor of Radiology for two years, ef­fective July 1, 1974. Dr. Schey was ap­pointed to the faculty in 1970 and hasserved as Instructor and Assistant Pro­fessor.Highest Honor to Dr. KirsnerDr. Joseph B. Kirsner, Chief of Staffand Deputy Dean of Medical Affairs,has been designated a DistinguishedDr. Joseph B. Kirsner. Service Professor. This is the highesthonor the University can give a memberof its faculty.Dr. Kirsner 's appointment was madeby Edward H. Levi, President of theUniversity, upon the recommendationof Dr. Leon O. Jacobson, Dean of theDivision of the Biological Sciences andThe Pritzker School of Medicine, withthe approval of John T. Wilson, Pro­vost.Dr. Kirsner will now have tp� titlethe Louis Block DistinguishedAp;:Ofe\�sor. Also, he is Deputy Dean for Medi­cal Affairs in the Division of the Biolog­ical Sciences and The Pritzker School ofMedicine and Chief of Staff of theUniversity's Hospitals and Clinics.His major clinical and research in­terests have been in peptic ulcer and gas­tric secretion, regional enteritis and ul­cerative colitis, and cancer of the gas­trointestinal tract. He is the author ofthe Handbook and Atlas a/Gastrointes­tinal Exfoliate Cytology (with Joao C.Prolla), which was published by TheUniversity of Chicago Press in 1973. He is also the author or co-author of morethan 470 other publications.Dr. Kirsner was born in Boston. Heearned his M.D. degree from Tufts Uni­versity School of Medicine in 1933 andhis Ph.D. degree in biological sciencesfrom The University of Chicago in 1942.He joined the University faculty in1935 as an Assistant in Medicine andwas appointed a Professor in 1951 andthe Louis Block Professor in 1968. Hewas Chief of the Gastroenterology Sec­tion in the Department of Medicine formany years before becoming the Chiefof Staff and Deputy Dean in 1971.Record Year for Alumni FundThe 1973 Medical Alumni Fund closedJanuary 15 with a 100 percent increase incontributions. A record $236,308 wasraised, compared to last year's $118,029.Gifts to unrestricted (general support ofthe medical school) and student aidfunds topped all previous years. De­cember gifts through the AMA-ERFhave not been received and are not in­cluded in this preliminary report pre-Dean Leon O. Jacobson met recently with the freshman students he helps as preceptor: (left to right)Burton Herbstman, Cbrisune Odell, Robert Debs, and Stephen Daniels.Co�cern about Reyes Syndrome affected the February visit of Dr. Peter R. Huttenlocher (center), YaleUniversity obvsicie«. Besides lecturing on the disease for medical school faculty he partic'pated .f 'tl U' . 0 S'd h ,I In apress con erence WI 1 nlverslty rs. I ney Sc ulman (left) and 'Marc O. Beem.31pared for Medicine on the Midway. Adetailed report will be mailed in thespring to each alumnus with an honorroll of contributors.The fund received $76,000 in unre­stricted gifts. Among them is a $10,000gift from Dr. Julius E. Ginsberg (S.B.'27, M.D. '32), a Chicago dermatologist.These gifts are especially important tothe Division, since they help meet needswherever they are greatest.The fund received $51,752 for studentaid. Included is a $6,769 bequest fromthe estate of Dr. Eugene Maximilian K.Geiling, the Frank P. Hixon Distin­guished Service Professor Emeritus andfirst Chairman of the Department ofPharmacology. Dr. Geiling died onJanuary 12, 1971.The fund received $104,288 in re­stricted gifts. Included is a special gift of$84,037 from Dr. J. P. Greenhill,Chicago obstetrician and first resident atChicago Lying-in Hospital, 1921-23,under Dr. Joseph B. DeLee.Thanks go to the 1,251 alumni, 62non-alumni faculty, and 172 friends whoresponded to the school's needs. The1,485 donors include 27 Dean's Fundmembers, 23 Sponsors, and 407 CenturyClub members.Dr. Oxnard Appointed Dean of CollegeDr. Charles E. Oxnard, an authority inevolutionary biology, has been ap­pointed Dean of the College at the Uni­versity. The appointment became effec­tive on October 1, 1973.Dr. Oxnard had served as Master ofthe Biological Sciences Collegiate Divi­sion, Associate Dean of the College, andAssociate Dean of the Division of theBiological Sciences since September 1,1972. He has been a University facultymember since 1966.Born September 9, 1933, in DurhamCity, England, Dr. Oxnard studied atthe University of Birmingham, where hereceived a B.Sc. degree with First ClassHonours in 1955, an M.B. and a Ch.B.(Equivalent to an M.D.) in 1958, and aPh.D. in medicine in 1962. Prior to join­ing The University of Chicago faculty,he was a senior lecturer in anatomy atthe University of Birmingham.His research interests are in two sepa­rate fields. He is primarily engaged instudies of the functional and evolution­ary morphology, biomechanics, andmorphometries of vertebrates, especiallymammals and primates. In addition, heis engaged in studies of experimentaldiseases of primates with special refer­ence to deficiency of vitamin B12 and itseffects on the nervous system.Dr. Oxnard has written over 80 arti­cles and has a book, Form and Pattern in32 Human Evolution: Some Mathematical,Physical, and Engineering Approaches,near publication. He holds honorary ap­pointments as overseas associate in thedepartment of anatomy at the Universityof Birmingham, research associate in thedivision of vertebrate anatomy in theField Museum of Natural History(Chicago), and is a faculty associate ofthe Center for Graduate Studies inChicago.He is currently a member of the Medi­cal Scientist Training Program Commit­tee, the governing board of the Biologi­cal Sciences Collegiate Division, and theCouncil and the Committee of the Coun­cil at The University of Chicago. Previ­ously, he had been elected an honorarylife member of the Guild of U nder­graduates and a member of the Court ofGovernors, both at the University ofBirmingham.Dr. Getz Appointed Master in the CollegeDr. Godfrey S. Getz has been appointedMaster of the Biological Sciences Col­legiate Division, Associate Dean of theCollege, and Associate Dean of the Di­vision of the Biological Sciences. Hesucceeds Dr. Charles E. Oxnard in thesepositions (see above). The appointmentsbecame effective on January 1, 1974.Dr. Getz has been a member of TheUniversity of Chicago faculty since1964. He is also a Professor in the De­partments of Pathology and Biochemis­try, and in the College. And, he is Direc­tor of the Research Chemistry Labora­tory in the Department of Pathology.His primary professional interest is inthe regulation of the assembly and de­gradation of biological membranes andsoluble lipoproteins, which are combina­tions of proteins and fats.Dr. Godfrey S. Getz. Dr. 8eal Delivers First PhemisterA new series of annual Dallas B.Phemister lectures opened January 23 atthe University with Dr. John M. Beal asthe guest speaker.Dr. Beal(S.M. '37, M.D. '41) is a pro­fessor in and chairman of the departmentof surgery at Northwestern UniversityMedical School. He spoke on "CriticalIssues in Surgical Education." In addi­tion he gave a brief biographical sketchof Dr. Phemister, who was his father-in­law.Dr. Phemister (1882-1951) receivedhis education at The University ofChicago (S.B. '17, M.D. '04). He was amember of the surgical faculty of RushMedical College and of The Universityof Chicago School of Medicine from1908 to 1951, serving as the first Chair­man of the University's Department ofSurgery from 1926 to 1948.He developed a technique for the sur­gical removal of cancers of theesophagus, which had previously beeninoperable, and performed other re­search on the calcification of gall stones,the effect of blood loss on shock, equali­zation of bone growth in children, andthe diagnosis of bone tumors.laurence Selected for RhodesJeffrey C. Laurence, a second-year stu­dent in The Pritzker School of Medicineat the University, has been selected toreceive a Rhodes Scholarship.Laurence received his bachelor's de­gree summa cum laude from ColumbiaCollege, where he was elected to PhiBeta Kappa. He came to the Universityin the summer quarter, 1972, and is en­rolled in an M.S.-M.D. program.His field of study for the master's de­gree is microbiology.Jeffrey C. Laurence.Dr. Greenhill Establishes FundDr. J. P. Greenhill, prominent Chicagoobstetrician, internationally known au­thor, and the first resident at ChicagoLying-in Hospital, has given The Uni­versity of Chicago Department of Ob­stetrics and Gynecology a gift of$84,037. The gift, made in the name ofthe J. P. Greenhill Foundation, was an­nounced by Dr. Frederick P. Zuspan,the Joseph Bolivar DeLee Professor andChairman of the Department. The gift isto be known as the J. P. Greenhill Fundfor Obstetrics and Gynecology.Dr. Greenhill's gift will establish apermanent endowment to support one ormore J. P. Greenhill Travelling Fellow­ships in obstetrics and gynecology to beawarded annually to young academicphysicians. Preference will be given toforeign physicians under the age of 40.The fellowship will consist of a four­week experience at Chicago Lying-inHospital, providing the visiting physi­cian with in-depth exposure to the latestpatient care and research techniques inreproductive medicine. The endowmentalso provides for foreign travel of juniorfaculty members of the Department ofObstetrics and Gynecology of ChicagoLying-in Hospital, facilitating further theexchange of ideas.Additionally, funds are available forthe establishment of the J. P. GreenhillLectureships to be held at least everyother year at Chicago Lying-in Hospital.This will bring to the hospital distin­guished foreign and American scientistswho will share with the faculty andhouse staff their latest research findingsas well as their expertise in patient care.Dr. Greenhill has also authorized that upto $500 of income may each year be usedfor the departmental library in ChicagoLying-in Hospital.Dr. Greenhill received his M. D. de­gree from Johns Hopkins MedicalSchool in 1919. His involvement withChicago Lying-in Hospital dates back to1921, when he began his residency. Posi­tions held during his distinguished careerinclude the chairmanship of the depart­ment of gynecology of Cook CountyHospital as well as co-chairman of thedepartment of obstetrics and gynecologyat Loyola University.At present Dr. Greenhill is senior at­tending obstetrician and gynecologist atthe Michael Reese Hospital, Chicago;consulting gynecologist, Cook CountyHospital; professor of gynecology, CookCounty Graduate School of Medicine;and on the Emeritus Clinical AssociateStaff of Chicago Lying-in Hospital. Heis a member of26 medical societies in theUnited States, an honorary fellow of 28foreign obstetric and gynecologic societies, honorary professor of the N a­tional University of Peru, and is aChevalier of the French Legion ofHonor.Dr. Greenhill has had more than 40years of experience as a practicing ob­stetrician and gynecologist. He has writ­ten 246 papers published in Americanand foreign journals, and he is editor ofthe Year Book of Obstetrics andGynecology, a book read every year byAmerican and foreign obstetricians andgynecologists.Dr. Greenhill is author of the follow­ing currently used books: OfficeGynecology (lOth edition), SurgicalGynecology (4th edition), A nalg esia andAnesthesia in Obstetrics (2nd edition),and Biological Principles and ModernPractice of Obstetrics (1974, withEmanuel A. Friedman). Dr. Greenhillhas also written a popular book for thelaity entitled The Miracle of Life.AAMC Honors FergusonDr. Lloyd Allen Ferguson died onJanuary 1, 1973, at the age of 40. Hisdeath was reported in the winter, 1973,Medicine on the Midway.Now, the Central Regional Group onStudent Affairs of the Association ofAmerican Medical Colleges has passedthe following resolution in his honor:WHEREAS, Lloyd Allen Ferguson ofThe University of Chicago PritzkerSchool of Medicine contributed exten­sively and most effectively in minoritygroup medical student activities, both atlocal and national levels, particularly inincreasing the enrollment and retentionof such students; andDr. Lloyd Allen Ferguson. WHEREAS, He served with distinc­tion on the Group on Student AffairsCommittee on Medical Education ofMinority Group Students; andWHEREAS, He served diligently assecretary of the Central Regional Groupon Student Affairs; andWHEREAS, He consistently exhib­ited those qualities of the student affairsofficer that we all respect, admire, andseek to emulate,THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED,That the Central Regional Group onStudent Affairs at its annual meetingheld in Starved Rock, Illinois, on thistwelfth day in May, 1973, unanimouslyexpresses its sadness at the tragic loss ofLloyd Ferguson, its pride in having hadhim as a colleague, and its resolve tocontinue to support the objectives andgoals in minority group medical studentactivities which he so ably championedduring his lifetime.In MemoriamWilliam E. Adams, 1902-1973Adherence to Sound PrinciplesDr. William E. Adams, who died unex­pectedly on November 25, 1973, at IowaCity, Iowa, will be remembered as oneof Chicago's great surgeons. He was anoutstanding teacher and investigatorknown widely for his scientific honestyand integrity, attributes which were al­ways evident in his personal and profes­sional relationships. He spent most ofhis professional' career in surgical en­deavors at The University of Chicago,which he served from 1928 to retirementin 1967. He was an inspiration to his stu­dents and associates and was a loyalsupporter of the University.Dr. Adams made significant contribu­tions to surgery. It was during a shortleave in 1933 at Washington University,St. Louis, that he assisted Dr. EvartsGraham, formerly of The University ofChicago, with the performance of thefirst successful pneumonectomy forcancer of the lung. On return he de­veloped in his laboratory the still mostuseful technique for resection of thelower esophagus. In 1938 with the assis­tance of Dr. Dallas Phemister, then theChairman of the Department. he suc­cessfully accomplished the first one­stage removal of the esophagus forcancer.He fully appreciated the importance ofgood surgical technique and adherenceto established sound principles and.without the help of chemotherapy or an­tibiotics, significantly improved both33surgical morbidity and mortality by apersistent search for improvement ofmethods and techniques in surgery.Equally important, he accomplishedmuch toward training a large group ofthoracic surgeons who later assumedmajor responsibilities at other institu­tions throughout the world.Dr. Adams took a great interest in themedical students. To those of us whowere students and later privileged to ob­tain our surgical training under him, hewas indeed the Teacher, the Inves­tigator, and the Surgeon. He was more;he was a permanent inspiring, supportingcolleague and personal friend to all of us.He encouraged and helped us to reporton our work and to participate in profes­sional organizational activities. Welooked forward to seeing him in Chicago,at annual meetings, and in our homes.We, his trainees, shall miss him greatlybut will never forget him and his teach­ings. Tributes and similar expressionshave come from over the world.Dr. Adams was a native of Iowa andgraduated in medicine from State Uni­versity of Iowa in 1926, remaining therefor two more years as an intern and in­structor in anatomy. In June, 1928, hemarried Dr. Huberta M. Livingstone,also a native and a graduate of the U ni­versity of Iowa.They came to the newly formed medi­cal school of The University of Chicago,where he became a Douglas Smith Fel­low and assistant resident on July 1,1928. He was appointed an Instructor inSurgery in 1931, continuing on the fac­ulty to Professorship in 1947 andChairmanship of the Department in 1959until mandatory retirement in 1967 as theJames Nelson and Anna LouiseRaymond Professor Emeritus. It wasduring this long period that his accom­plishments were so numerous and out­standing.In addition to full participation in thenew medical school programs and hiswork in the general surgical field, he be­came a pioneer in the evolution ofthoracic and cardiovascular surgery as aspecial field during the late thirties andthe World War I I years. His residenttrainees began in his laboratory, pro­gressing on through unique clinical sur­gical services. Working with Dr. Adamsin clinical surgery was an experience indiscipline from surgical diagnosis andtreatment to the personal considerationsof every patient.Dr. Adams, with his various as­sociates, including his wife, was the au­thor or co-author of over 200 publica­tions pertaining to cancer of theesophagus and lung, pulmonary hyper­tension, lung reimplantation, congenitalcysts, pulmonary tuberculosis, blood34 transfusion and oxygen transport, andcardiac and vascular surgery. He was onthe editorial board of several journals.He was a founder of the Board ofThoracic Surgery.Dr. Adams held many consulting ap­pointments in the Chicago area includingthe county and state sanitaria and theU. S. Naval Hospital. He was also activein many distinguished professional or­ganizations, serving many in high officialcapacity: president of the Chicago Sur­gical Society, American Association forThoracic Surgery, American College ofChest Physicians, Chicago Medical andIllinois State Medical Societies, and sec­retary of the American College ofSurgeons. He held many honorary, visit­ing, and guest professorships in the Un­ited States and abroad and served onmany special committees and boards,both state and national. He was a presi­dent of The University of Chicago Med­ical Alumni Association in 1957. He wasGrand Premarius of the Alpha KappaKappa Medical Fraternity International.He received many awards.After retiring from the University, Dr.Adams served the American College ofSurgeons for six years as assistant direc­tor until he retired on September 1,1973.He and Mrs. Adams then moved toHopkinton, Iowa, to complete work onpapers, to continue with some organiza­tional activities, and to continue such in­terests as ancient medical and biblicalhistory. Most of us expected that wouldcomplete his plans.His passing is a great loss to his fam­ily, friends, and colleagues over theworld, to his church, and to the manyorganizations he served. He lived a ded­icated life full of professional accom­plishments directed at helping others.He added lastingly to our surgical know­ledge, perpetuating the highest objec­tives. He would have considered this ac­ceptable performance for his fellow man.We, who must carryon as best we can,are grateful for the privilege of havinghad him to show us the way.Richard A. Rasmussen ('38)Grand Rapids, MichiganPeter V. Moulder (,45)University of FloridaGainesville, FloridaMemorial contributions may be madeto the American College of SurgeonsScholarship Fund, the Fourth Pres­byterian Church of Chicago, or to theWilliam E. Adams Medical StudentsLoan Fund at The University ofChicago. Donations to the loan fundshould be sent to the Medical Alumni Association, 1025 East 57th Street,Chicago, Illinois.William Hay Taliaferro, 1895-1973A Succession of Students and ProjectsWilliam Hay Taliaferro, the EliakimHastings Moore Distinguished ServiceProfessor Emeritus of Microbiology,died on December 21, 1973. He was 78.His 36 years at The University ofChicago were marked by continuous re­search productivity of the highest orderof orginality, maintained for much of thattime while he held posts of great ad­ministrative responsibility.Professor Taliaferro began his educa­tion at the University of Virgina where,at the advanced age of 17, he publishedhis first scientific paper in collaborationwith his teacher, W. A. Kepner. Afterreceiving his bachelor's degree at Vir­ginia, he went to Baltimore to work in H.S. Jennings' department of biology atJohns Hopkins. It was during this periodthat the influence of Jennings had amarked effect on his intellectual de­velopment. At this time, too, he beganhis close and long-lasting friendship withthe late Karl Lashley, who was then apostdoctoral fellow in the same depart­ment.He received his Ph.D. degree fromHopkins in 1918 with a dissertation enti­tled "Reactions to light in Planariamaculata, with special reference to thefunction and structure of the eyes." I amsure Taliaferro considered himself atthat time a general physiologist specializ­ing in the lower invertebrates and not atall interested in either parasitology orimmunology, the fields in which he wasto make his reputation.After a brief war service, he returnedto Johns Hopkins, this time to the de-Dr. William E. Adams.partment of medical zoology in thenewly formed School of Hygiene andPublic Health. There, he turned hisbroad zoological training to a problemwhich determined the course of his en­tire investigative career-the factorsregulating the size and variability of theblood-dwelling protozoan of the rat,Trypanosomal lewisi. He was joined inthis work by his wife, Lucy GravesTaliaferro, herself a Hopkins Sc.D., andcontinued this close and fruitful researchcollaboration for over half a century.Taliaferro found that after a few daysin the rat's blood, T. lewisi ceased to di­vide and became an adult of unvaryingsize. In 1924 he published a paper show­ing that trypanosome reproduction wasinhibited by a factor elaborated by therat in response to infection with T.lewisi. This problem probably fascinatedProfessor Taliaferro more than anyother; he could never quite put it asideand returned to it again and again. Thesummation of investigations carried outover a space of more than 30 years re­vealed that the rat forms a unique non­absorbable antibody, ablastin, which in­hibits the reproduction of the trypano­somes by preventing nucleic acidsynthesis. Thus, the T. lewis iinvestigations, begun to study the gene­tics of variability in pure lines of asexu­ally reproducing invertebrates, ledTaliaferro to consider the nature of im­munity to parasitic diseases and the na­ture of antibody and its mode of forma­tion, subjects to which, in one aspect oranother, he gave his attention ever after.In 1924 Taliaferro came to Chicago tojoin Jordan's Department of Hygieneand Bacteriology and to assume the re­sponsibility of teaching parasitology tothe medical classes. He continued hisWilliam H. Taliaferro. work on ablastin in collaboration withFrances Coventry, and with Mrs.Taliaferro he began to study the immunemechanisms in malaria. A little later hestarted to investigate the basis of immun­ity to helminth infections with his stu­dent, George Bachman. So, by 1928Taliaferro had active investigations un­derway on three different phases ofparasitic immunity. He continued towork in these parallel but independentfields for over 20 years in collaborationwith Mrs. Taliaferro, with Paul Cannonand William Bloom, and with a succes­sion of students, most of whom becamewell known investigators-Campbell,Sarles, Stauber, Mulligan, Oliver­Gonzales and Zuckerman, to name onlya few.The research of this period was con­cerned with the role of both cellular andhumoral factors in immunity to parasiticdiseases and the nature of the immuneresponse. It is reported in innumerablepapers and in two important books,Immunity to Parasitic Diseases (1929)and The Histopathology of Malaria withSpecial Reference to the Function andOrigin of the Macrophages in Defense(1937), written with Hugh Mulligan. Inthis publication, they advanced the con­cept of the lymphoid-macrophage sys­tem as an extension of Aschoff's re­ticuloendothelial system. Taliaferro andhis associates were the first to study sys­tematically the basis of immunity to ani­mal parasites, and their work forms inlarge part the foundation of present dayconcepts in this field and has had greatinfluence on other phases of immunologyas well.Professor Taliaferro began his longcareer of administrative service to theUniversity when in 1931 he became As­sociate Dean of the Division of Biologi­cal Sciences under Dean Frank R. Lillie.He became Chairman of his Departmentin 1932, a position he held until his re­tirement. He was appointed Dean of theDivision of Biological Sciences in 1935,a post in which he served with distinc­tion through the difficult years of WorldWar II, until he was succeeded in 1944by his fellow department member, R.Wendell Harrison. Even then he did notreturn completely to the laboratory, forhe served for two more years as SpecialAdvisor in the Biological Sciences toChancellor Hutchins. Throughout thisperiod, Professor Taliaferro continuedan active research program, in which hewas ably assisted by Mrs. Taliaferro.Upon leaving the Dean's office anddevoting himself to full-time researchand teaching, Taliaferro entered into anew phase of research, perhaps the mostexciting and most important of all. Thiswas the study of antibody formation, to which he was inevitably led by his inves­tigations on immunity to parasitic dis­eases. For a model system he chose theproduction of .hemolytic antibody in therabbit following injection of sheep redblood cells, and he developed simple,elegant methods for measuring antibodysynthesis in this system.On his retirement from the Universityin 1960, Professor and Mrs. Taliaferromoved to La Grange, near the ArgonneNational Laboratory, where as seniorimmunologist in the division of biologicaland medical research, he and Mrs.Taliaferro continued their studies on an­tibody formation for another 10 years.This period was highlighted by the publi­cation in 1964 of their book Radiationand Immune Mechanisms, written incollaboration with Bernard J aroslow,and by the celebration in 1967 of theirgolden wedding anniversary.Among the many honors which cameto Professor Taliaferro were honorarydegrees from the University of NorthCarolina and Temple University, elec­tion to the National Academy of Sci­ences and the American PhilosophicalSociety, honorary fellowship in and theChalmers Medal of the Royal Society ofTropical Medicine, the Kingsley Medalof the Liverpool School of TropicalMedicine, and the Pasteur Medal of theIllinois Society for Microbiology. Hewas a member of many scientificsocieties and scientific advisory bodiesand was president of the American Soci­ety of Parasitology in 1933 and of theAmerican Society of Tropical Medicineand Hygiene in 1954.Professor Taliaferro was editor-in­chief of the Journal of Infectious Dis­eases for many years, and the July­August, 1960, number of the Journal wasdedicated to him by the editorial boardand by his former students and as­sociates who contributed all the papersin that issue.Professor Taliaferro is survived by hiswife Lucy Graves Taliaferro.James W. MoulderProfessorDepartment of MicrobiologyJoseph F. Matz, 1940-1973Specialist at an Early AgeDr. Joseph F. Matz, 33, Assistant Pro­fessor in the Zoller Dental Clinic at TheUniversity of Chicago, died Saturday,October 13, in the University's BillingsHospital of pneumonia and complica­tions of Hodgkin's disease.Mass was said for Dr. Matz at St.Jude the Apostle Church, Dolton, Il­linois, on October 16. Interment was inHoly Cross Cemetery.35Dr. Matz was born in Chicago and at­tended Loyola University, Chicago. Hereceived his D.D.S. degree from Loyolain 1965 and served his dental internshipin the Zoller Clinic during 1965-66.Following his residency, he received hiscertification in maxillofacial prosthodon­tics in 1972. He was appointed an assis­tant in dental surgery at the Zoller Clinicin 1967 and Assistant Professor in 1971.Dr. Matz was a specialist in theprosthetic restoration of cancers of thenose and mouth. He helped develop asilicone rubber radium carrier for thetreatment of nasopharyngeal car­cinomas. He was a member of theAmerican Dental Association, the Il­linois and Chicago Dental Societies, andthe American Association of HospitalDentists.Dr. Matzs family has requested thatmemorial contributions be made to TheUniversity of Chicago Cancer ResearchFoundation.He is survived by his widow, Patricia0' Rourke Matz, five children, MaryBeth, Joseph, Ann, Maureen, and Cath­leen, and by his mother Mary PrusinskiMatz and his brother, Dr. GregoryMatz, Associate Professor in the De­partment of Surgery at the University.Francis B. Cordon, 1905-1973Rose Through the RanksFrancis B. Gordon (Ph.D. '36, M.D.'37) and his wife, Mary (S.B. '28), diedOctober 21, 1973, enroute to London.Their lifeboat capsized after they aban­doned a Greek freighter.Dr. Gordon, an internationally knownmicrobiologist, retired last year from theNaval Medical Research Institute inBethesda, Maryland, and was to under­take a two-year special fellowship in thedepartment of ophthalmology at theUniversity of London. The freighter onwhich they were passengers caught fireand capsized in the Atlantic Ocean 800miles off the East Coast.Dr. Gordon was associated with TheUniversity of Chicago from 1936 to 1948.First, he was an Instructor in Bacteriol­ogy. He rose through the ranks and wasappointed full Professor in 1947. From1948 to 1954 he was division chief incharge of bacteriological and virologicalresearch at the Army BiologicalLaboratories at Fort Detrick, Maryland.He joined the staff of the Naval MedicalResearch Institute in 1954 as chief of thevirology division and later served as di­rector of the department of microbiol­ogy. Mrs. Gordon had worked as alaboratory technician at the University'sBillings Hospital.During the 1930s, Dr. Gordon studiedthe epidemiology of polio-myelitis virus.36 Then he became involved in the study ofparrot fever agents and trachoma andwas the first to cultivate an agent oftrachoma in cell culture and establishmethods for the rapid isolation oftrachoma agents from clinical speci­mens. He was involved in other researchprojects pertaining to the hazard ofinfec­tious diseases under conditions of deepsubmergence and the toxins released inbum and wound infections.Dr. Gordon had been managing editorof the Journal of Infectious Diseases andadvisory editor of the Journal of Bac­teriology. He was a prolific contributorto technical books and journals. Dr.Gordon received the Distinguished Ser­vice A ward of the Medical Alumni As­sociation in 1952.The Naval Medical Research Institutehas established the Francis B. GordonMemorial Lecture to be given annuallyin his honor. The first lecture was givenby James W. Moulder, Professor of Mi­crobiology at The University ofChicago, on January 21 at the Institute.His subject was "IntracellularParasitism: Life in an Extreme Envi­ronment. "Dr. Moulder was a life-long friend andcolleague of Dr. Gordon. He was re­garded as the spokesman of those whobelieve that the bacterium that selectsthe unusual, "extreme" environment ofthe interior of the host cell has much tooffer to those who study fundamentalbiology and medicine.Alumni Deaths'05 Leda J. Stacy, Hightstown, NewJersey, May 30, 1973, age 90.'06 Thomas S. Walker, Riceville,Iowa, August 18, 1973, age 92.'08. Gustav L. Kaufmann, Stoneham,Massachusetts, May 20, 1973, age 90.'II. Harry J. Carper, Denver, Col­orado, May 12, 1973, age 89.'15. Wesley C. Becker, Lincoln, Neb­raska, June 5, 1973, age 81.'15. James G. Montgomery, KansasCity, Missouri, June 7, 1973, age 86.'15. Lowell D. Snorf, Wilmette, Il­linois, December 31, 1973, age 82.'16. Conrad O. Rogne, Ettrick, Wis­consin, July 5, 1973, age 84.'17. Yogve Jor a n son , Tavares,Florida, April 17, 1973, age 84., 19. Howard W. Reed, DaytonaBeach, Florida, July 20, 1973, age 80., 19. Albert L. Severeid , Portland,Oregon, July 14, 1973, age 78.'20. Frederick W. Mulsow, CedarRapids, Iowa, October 19, 1973, age 91.'21. Samuel Lerner, Chicago, Illinois,October 28, 1973, age 91.'21. C. Corbin Yancey, Sioux City,Iowa, November 8, 1973, age 82. '22. Morris W. Hert zfield, MortonGrove, Illinois, June 9, 1973, age 80.'23. Richard D. Evans, Santa Bar­bara, California, April, 1973, age 73.'24. William Simkin; Chicago, Illinois,November 13, 1973, age 89.'27. Wilfred S. Miller, Assumption, Il­linois, August 24, 1973, age 76.'27. Walter R. Pendleton, LongBeach, California, November 18, 1973,age 74.'28. Jerry DeVries, Ottawa, Illinois,November 4, 1973, age 74.'30.Garland S. Rushing, Longview,Texas, June 19, 1973, age 73.'31. John J. Maisel, Phoenix,Arizona, September, 1973, age 69.'31. Peter Van Zante, Pella, Iowa,July 9, 1973, age 74.'32. Charles F. Leich, Evansville, In­diana, September 9, 1973, age 67.'33. Stephen A. Zieman, Mobile,Alabama, November 26, 1973, age 75.'34. Louis Feinberg, Chicago, Illinois,November 16, 1973, age 64.'37. Johann S. Bornstein, Chicago, Il­linois, January 19, 1974, age 63.'37. Francis B. Gordon, Ashton,Maryland, October 21, 1973, age 68.'38. Daniel D. Sax, Chicago, Illinois,July 16, 1973, age 58.'39. Elias E. Long, Red Bank, NewJersey, October 22, 1973, age 58.Former StaffWilliam E. Adams (The James Nelsonand Anna Louise Raymond ProfessorEmeritus in the Department of Surgery;Faculty, '31-'67, Chairman, '59-'67)Hopkinton, Iowa, November 25, 1973,age 71.Albert M. Dunlap (Surgery-Otolaryngology, Visiting Professor, '43),Alexandria, Virginia, November 15,1973, age 89.Roger A lien Harvey (Radiology, Int.,'39-'40), Parker, Colorado, July 17,1973, age 63. (Dr. Harvey wasradiologist in chief and chairman, de­partment of radiology, the University ofIllinois, '46--'70).Joseph F. Mor: (Zoller Dental Clinic,Department of Surgery, Intern and As­sistant, '65-'68, Instructor and AssistantProfessor, '68-'73), South Holland, Il­linois, October 10, 1973, age 33.Stanley P. Rigler (Surgery, Intern andResident, '52-'54, Instructor, '54-'58),Palos Verdes Penninsula, California,August 28, 1973, age 46.William H. Taliaferro (The EliakimHastings Moore Distinguished ServiceProfessor Emeritus of Microbiology;Faculty, '24-'60, Dean, '35-'44, Chair­man, '32-'60), La Grange, Illinois, De­cember 21, 1973, age 78.Departmental NewsAnatomyDr. R. Eric Lombard, Assistant Profes­sor of Anatomy and the College pre­sented a paper on "Functional Aspectsof the Middle Ear in Frogs" at the Mid­west Anatomists Association Meeting inToledo, Ohio.Dr. Charles E. Oxnard is author ofForm and Pattern in Human Evolution:Some Mathematical, Physical, and En­gineering Approaches, published by TheUniversity of Chicago Press, 1973. Avariety of techniques are applied to thestudy of the bones of living and fossilprimates "to capture the functionallyimportant aspects" of shape and struc­ture in human evolution. Dr. Oxnard isDean of the College and Professor ofAnatomy, Anthropology, the Commit­tee on Evolutionary Biology and the Col­lege.Dr. Ronald Singer presented a paperon "Pereoneus Tertius: Evolutionaryand Functional Significance" at theMidwest Anatomists Association meet­ing. He also chaired a session and gavethe luncheon address. Dr. Singer is theRobert R. Bensley Professor of Biologyand Medical Sciences and Chairman ofthe Department of Anatomy. He is alsoProfessor of Anatomy, Anthropology,the College, Committee on EvolutionaryBiology, Committee on Genetics andCommittee on African Studies.Dr. Singer was a delegate of the Na­tional Academy of Sciences to the IXthINQUA (The International Union forQuaternary Research) Congress, De­cember 1-10, in Christchurch, New Zea­land. He presented two papers: "Trnpli-Leigh Van Valen. cations of East Anglian Glacial Strati­graphy for the British LowerPalaeolithic" and "Excavations at Clac­ton and Hoxne, U.K.: New Date on theBritish Middle Pleistocene." INQUAbrings together on a worldwide basis sci­entists in all disciplines concerned withthe history of man's environment andwith the processes by which environ­ment and man's relation to that envi­ronment have evolved.AnesthesiologyPromotions: Dr. H. Elyassi has beenpromoted to Assistant Professor in theDepartment. Dr. Eleanor Homena hasbecome an Assistant Professor of Anes­thesiology. Dr. In Won Kim has beenpromoted to Assistant Professor ofAnesthesiology.Dr. James O. Elam, Professor ofAnesthesiology and of Obstetrics andGynecology, is credited in the J ournal ofthe American Medical Association asbeing one of the doctors who perfectedthe mouth-to-mouth method of lung ven­tilation.Ben May laboratoryDr. Charles B. Huggins, the William B.Ogden Distinguished Service Professorin the Ben May Laboratory has beenelected to the board of governors of theWeizmann Institute of Science,Rohovot, Israel. Dr. Huggins receivedan honorary M.D. degree from the Med­ical College of Ohio at Toledo on Oc­tober 12, 1973, and participated in thededication of a new building at the col­lege. He also received an honorary fel­lowship from the Royal College ofPathologists in London, and in Octoberhe was honored by the American Col-Dr. Humberto Fernandez-Moran. lege of Surgeons which dedicated theProceedings of the surgical forum of itsclinical congress to Dr. Huggins.BiologyGeorge W. Beadle, the William E.Wrather Distinguished Service Profes­sor of Biology and in the College, wasawarded an honorary doctor of sciencedegree at the dedication of ButlerUniversity's new science complex. Bea­dle, University President Emeritus andHonorary Trustee, was the principalspeaker at the ceremony.Leigh Van Valen, Associate Professorof Biology, Committee on EvolutionaryBiology, Committee on the ConceptualFoundation of Science, the Committeeon Genetics and in the College, is theauthor of "A New Evolutionary Law"and "Pattern and the Balance of N a­ture" in Evolutionary Theory. a newjournal. His law concerns the extinctionrate of biological orders or similar groupsthat have common ecological as well astaxonomic characteristics.Biophysics and Theoretical BiologyThis is a new Department which com­bines the previously existing Depart­ments with physiologists principallyconcerned with cellular and theoreticalstudies. Robert Haselkorn, the Fanny L.Pritzker Professor of the Biological Sci­ences and in the College, is Chairman ofthis new Department. Haselkorn hasbeen a faculty member since 1961.Dr. Humberto Fernandez-Moran, theA. N. Pritzker Professor of BiologicalSciences, received Venezuela's highestscholastic award, the Order of AndresBello. The award is a certificate and goldmedal and was presented to him inCaracas on November 29 for excellencein science and education. Dr.Fernandez-Moran is a Venezuelan andRobert Haselkorn.37former minister of education in his nativecountry. In September he received theBolivar Medal of the Bolivarian Societyof the United States, presented to him inNew York. He was the first scientist toreceive the medal.MedicineAppointments: Dr. Morton Arnsdorfhasbeen appointed Assistant Professor ofMedicine. Dr. Arnsdorf was an internand resident from 1966 to 1969. Dr. Di­mitrois Emmanuouel has been appointedan Instructor of Medicine (Nephrology).He was a resident from 1970 to 1973. Dr.Gary Franklin has become an Instructorand Trainee in the Department ofMedicine (Neurology). Dr. MariaMedenica has been appointed an As­sociate Professor of Medicine (Der­matology). She was a resident from 1960to 1963.Promotions: Dr. Robert W. P. Cutlerhas been promoted to Professor ofMedicine. Dr. Edward N. Ehrlich hasbecome a Professor of Medicine. Dr.Raul E. Falicov has become an As­sociate Professor of Medicine. Dr.Sumner Kraft ('55) has been promoted toProfessor of Medicine. Dr. Ann Law­rence has been promoted to Professor ofMedicine.Dr. Jafar AI-Sadir, Assistant Profes­sor of Medicine presented" Right Ven­tricular Dysfunction in Acute InferiorMyocardial Infarction" at the 46thscientific session of the American HeartAssociation meeting in Atlantic City.Dr. Edward P. Cohen, Associate Pro­fessor of Medicine, Microbiology, andLa Rabida Institute, has been namedprincipal investigator of a two-year,$33,000 grant from the National ScienceFoundation for study of "Metabolism ofThymus- Leukemia Antigens."Dr. Adrian l. Katz, Associate Profes­sor of Medicine, has been awarded afour-year, $119,500 grant from the Na­tional Institutes of Health for the studyof "Na-K-AT Pase and Renal TubularTransport of Sodium." Dr. MarshallLindheimer, Associate Professor of Ob­stetrics and Gynecology and Medicine,is co-investigator. On November 29 Dr.Katz lectured on "Sodium MetabolismDuring the Hypothyroid State" at theU.S. Public Health Service Hospital atStaten Island, New York.Dr. T. William Lester ('41), Professorof Medicine is president of the JacksonPark Branch of the Chicago MedicalSociety.Dr. Joseph B. Kirsner and Dr. JoaoC. Prolla are co-authors of Handbookand Atlas of Gastrointestinal ExfoliateCytology, published by The Universityof Chicago Press, 1973. The volume is38 illustrated with color plates and de­scribes diagnosis methods in gastrointes­tinal cancer developed during the last 20years at the University. Dr. Kirsner isthe Louis Block Professor of Medicine,Deputy Dean for Medical Affairs in theDivision and Chief of the Clinical Staff.Dr. Prolla, a former Kellog FoundationFellow, is associate professor ofmedicine at the University of PortoAlegre, Brazil.On January 25-26 Dr. Kirsner dis­cussed "Gastrointestinal Neoplasia" atthe American College of Physiciansmeeting in Champaign, Illinois; onMarch 6 "Inflammatory Bowel Dis­ease" at Geneva Community Hospital,Geneva, Illinois; on March 11-13"Cancer of the Digestive Tract and Gas­trointestinal Immunology" at the Insti­tute of Gastroenterology, Good Samari­tan Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona; and onMarch 20 "Ulcerative Colitis in Child­hood and Adolescence" at Loyola Uni­versity Stritch School of Medicine,Maywood, Illinois.Dr. Sumner Kraft ('55), Professor ofMedicine, participated in a symposiumon inflammatory bowel disease at theMedical College of Ohio in Toledo.Dr. Richard Landau, Professor ofMedicine and in the College, is editor ofRegulating New Drugs, proceedings of aDecember, 1972, international confer­ence at the University's Center for Con­tinuing Education.Dr. Ann M. Lawrence, Professor ofMedicine, and Dr. Arthur H. Ruben­stein, Associate Professor of Medicine,participated in a conference in Mil­waukee on "Diabetes for the PracticingPhysician. "Dr. Daniel J. McCarty, Professor ofMedicine and Chief of the Section of Ar­thritis and Metabolism, attended the13th International Rheumatology Con­gress in Kyoto, Japan, in October anddelivered a paper on "SystemicMetabolic Abnormalities in Patientswith Pseudogout (PG) or Osteoarthritis(OA). "Dr. Irwin H. Rosenberg, AssociateProfessor of Medicine and Chief of theSection of Gastroenterology, has beennamed chairman of a seven-memberpanel to review vitamins, minerals, andhematinic drug products and to makerecommendations on an over-the­counter sales policy for these products.Dr. John E. Ultmann, Professor ofMedicine and Director of the CancerResearch Center, has been named as­sociate editor of Cancer Researchmagazine for a three-year term. Dr.Ultmann presented a paper on "Experi­ence with Staging Laparotomy" at theSymposium on Non-Hodgkin's Lyrn- Dr. Richard Landau.phomas in London. Co-author was Dr.Edgar M. Moran, Assistant Professor ofMedicine in the Franklin McLeanMemorial Research Institute.Drs. Edward Ehrlich, Ann Lawrence,Richard Landau, Arthur Rubenstein�allProfessors of Medicine (Endocrinology),and Drs. Samuel Refetoff, AssociateProfessor of Medicine and RobertRosenfield, Assistant Professor inPediatrics, participated in the ChicagoMedical Society's Postgraduate Coursein Internal Medicine on November 8-10.All members of the Dermatology Sec­tion participated in a program of unusualdermatologic case presentations ar­ranged for a fall meeting of the ChicagoDermatologic Society.MicrobiologyPromotion: Alvin Markovitz has beenpromoted to Professor of Microbiology.Obstetrics and GynecologyPromotions: Dr. Marluce Bibbo hasbeen promoted to Associate Professor ofObstetrics and Gynecology, Section ofCytology. Dr. Gebhard F. B.Schumacher has become a Professor inthe Department.Dr. James L. Burks, Professor of Ob­stetrics and Gynecology and the Col­lege, and H. Rex Lewis, Associate Di­rector of Chaplaincy Services at theUniversity'S Hospitals and Clinics, con­ducted four two-hour training sessionsfor the Chicago Police Department onmedical and counselling aspects on rape.Dr. Luis A. Cibils the Mary CampauRyerson Professor of Obstetrics andGynecology, will chair the afternoonsession of the Chicago GynecologicalSociety Meeting on May 17.Dr. Marluce 8ibbo.Dr. Gebhard F. B. Schumacher, Pro­fessor in the Department and Chief ofthe Reproductive Biology Section, gavea seminar on "Biochemistry of HumanGenital Secretions and Its Significancefor Fertility and Contraception" onNovember 26 at the Chicago MedicalSchool.Dr. Schumacher has been invited toserve on the steering committee of theWHO Task Force on Methods for theRegulation of Sperm Migration in theHuman Female, March 20-22, inGeneva, Switzerland.Dr. Joseph Seitchik, professor andchairman of the department of obstetricsand gynecology, University of Texas,San Antonio, was the Diamond JubileeVisiting Professor for 1973 at ChicagoLying-in Hospital. During his visit helectured, attended rounds, and con­ducted a seminar entitled "An Experi­mental Freshman Elective on Reproduc­tion." The professorship is sponsoredannually by the CLI Women's Board.Dr. Douglas R. Shanklin, Professor ofObstetrics and Gynecology and ofPathology, participated in the 15th Con­gress of Medicine for Central America inSan Jose, Costa Rica. He gave a three­day course on "Placental Examinationand Disease" and lectures on "ThePathogenesis of Hyaline MembraneDisease" and "N utrition, Pregnancy,and Malformations."Eric J. Singh, Research Associate(Associate Professor) in the Departmenthas been invited to present a paper on"Glycerides and Sterol Esters onHuman Cervical Mucus" at the RoundTable on Ovulation Prediction, April�, in Rome, Italy.Dr. Frederick P. Zuspan, the Joseph Dr. Frank W. Newell.Bolivar De Lee Professor and Chairmanof the Department, participated in the84th annual meeting of the AmericanAssociation of Obstetricians andGynecologists in September. He spokeon 'The Role of Biogenic Amines andThermogenesis in the Female."The following presented papers at theannual meeting of the American Societyof Cytology in Salt Lake City inNovember, 1973: Drs. Marluce Bibbo,Mojmir G. Sonek, both Associate Pro­fessors in the Department, and Dr.George L. Wied, the Blum-Riese Pro­fessor of Obstetrics and Gynecology andPathology and Chief of the Section ofCytology. Miss Catherine M. Keebler,educational co-ordinator, also deliveredpapers.OphthalmologyDr. Frank Newell, the James and AnnaLouise Raymond Professor and Chair­man of Ophthalmology, was namedpresident-elect of the AmericanAcademy of Ophthalmology andOtolaryngology. He will assume thepresidency next October when theacademy meets in Miami.Dr. Newell was reappointed Chair­man for a three-year term effectiveJanuary I, 1974. On November 9, 1973,he lectured on "Macular Edema" at thededication of the new eye center at DukeUniversity. On November 15-17 he lec­tured on "Future Studies in Ocular In­volvement in Systemic Disease" at an in­ternational symposium on systemic dis­ease and eye at the University of Iowa.The Department has received an an­nual grant of $5,000 in unrestricted fundsfrom Research to Prevent Blindness,Inc. PathologyAppointment: Dr. Chaim Lichtig hasbeen appointed an Assistant Professor ofPathology. Dr. Lichtig received hisM.D. degree in 1956 from EscolaPaulista de Medicina in Sao Paulo,Brazil. He was a Visiting Assistant Pro­fessor at The University of Chicagofrom 1971 to 1973. Previously, he hadbeen vice chairman, department ofpathology, Rambam Hospital, Haifa, Is­rael.Promotions: Dr. Sharon L. Thomsenhas been promoted to Assistant Profes­sor in the Department.Dr. James Bowman has been ap­pointed to the editorial board ofLaboratory Medicine. Dr. Bowman is aProfessor of Pathology, Medicine, theCommittee on Genetics, and in the Col­lege, and Medical Director of theUniversity's Hospitals and ClinicsBlood Bank, Director of Laboratories,and Director of the ComprehensiveSickle Cell Center.Dr. Gerald Byrne, Assistant Profes­sor of Pathology, and Dr. FrancisStraus, II, ('57), Associate Professor ofPathology, participated in the fall meet­ing of the American Society of ClinicalPathologists and the College of Ameri­can Pathologists in Chicago.Dr. Josephine Morello, Director ofClinical Microbiology and AssociateProfessor of Pathology and Medicine,was elected a fellow of the AmericanAcademy of Microbiology.Dr. Robert W. Wissler ('49), theDonald N. Pritzker Professor of Pathol­ogy and in the College, discussed" Dif­ferences Between Human and AnimalAtherosclerosis" at the Third Interna­tional Symposium on Atherosclerosis inWest Berlin, October 25-28. He wasco-chairman of the conference. On Oc­tober 29 he received an honorary degreeof doctor of philosophy from the Univer­sity of Heidelberg for his research in themorphology and physiology of arterywalls.PediatricsAppointments: Dr. Richard W. New­comb has been appointed Medical Di­rector of La Rabida-University ofChicago I nstitute of Pediatrics. Dr.Newcomb received his M.D. degree in1957 from Johns Hopkins University andhad been a clinical assistant professor ofPediatrics at the University of ColoradoMedical Center.In the last issue we announced Dr.Joseph F. Terrizzi's appointment as As­sistant Professor of Pediatrics. At thesame time we should have reported thathe was appointed Medical Director,39Mental Development Clinic, Joseph P.Kennedy, Jr. Mental Retardation Re­search Center. Dr. Terrizzi received hisM.D. degree in 1968 from NorthwesternUniversity.Promotions: Dr. Robert L. Rosenfieldhas been promoted to Associate Profes­sor of Pediatrics.Pharmacological and Physiological Sci­encesThis Department has been recentlyformed, merging members of the formerDepartment of Pharmacology withmembers of the former Department ofPhysiology who are primarily concernedwith systems and organs. Dr. AlfredHeller ('60), Professor of Pharmacologi­cal and Physiological Sciences, willserve as the new Chairman.PsychiatryAppointment: Dr. Beverly NobleFauman has been appointed an Instruc­tor in the Department. Dr. Faumanearned her M.D. degree in 1968 fromTufts University in Boston. She com­pleted internship at V. A. Hospital InBoston and her residency ('70-'73) atThe University of Chicago.Dr. Daniel X. Freedman, the LouisBlock Professor and Chairman ofPsychiatry, received the City of HopeMedical Center A ward for his researchin the pharmacological aspects ofpsychiatry. The award was presentedDecember 9 in Chicago.The Drug Abuse Council, Inc.,Washington, D.C., has prepared a new30-minute film involving Dr. EdwardSenay, Associate Professor ofPsychiatry and Director of the IllinoisDrug Abuse Program (lDAP), and Dr.Patrick Hughes, Assistant Professor inthe Department. The film, tentatively ti­tled "Altgeld Gardens-What Hap­pened to Heroin?" concerns the DayOne project of IDAP and theUniversity's Department of Psychiatry.IDAP and the University worked with acommunity organization in the AltgeldGardens housing project on Chicago'sfar South Side to establish a new "bestfriends" approach to a recent heroin"epidemic" in the public housing pro­ject.RadiologyAppointments: Dr. Nicholas Patronashas been appointed an Instructor ofRadiology. Dr. Patronas received hisM.D. degree in 1966 from Salonica Uni­versity Medical School in Greece. Heinterned at Edgewater Hospital,Chicago, and took his residency at theUniversity of Illinois from 1970 to 1973.Promotions: Dr. John J. Fennessy has40 been promoted to Professor of Radiol­ogy.Dr. Lawrence H. Lanzi, Professor ofRadiology and the Franklin McLeanMemorial Research Institute, returnedin February after two months at theBhabha Atomic Research Center inIndia, lecturing and advising in researchin physics applied to medicine with em­phasis on radiation. He also assisted inthe development of a graduate programin medical physics at the University ofBombay.Dr. James Williams, Professor ofRadiology is taking a sabbatical 10Hawaii.The following participated in the nu­clear medicine and diagnosis section onthe Radiological Society of NorthAmerica meeting in Chicago, November25-30, 1973: Drs. George Bartovich,Research Associate in the Department;Harry Genant, Assistant Professor ofRadiology; Paul V. Harper, Jr., Profes­sor of Radiology, Surgery, and theFranklin McLean Memorial Institute;Paul B. Hoffer (,63), Associate Profes­sor and Acting Chairman of Radiology;Jay C. Mall, Assistant Professor ofRadiology; William H. McCartney, Res­ident and Trainee in the Department;Daniel Paloyan ('64), Assistant Profes­sor of Radiology; and Marc R. Tetal­man, I nstructor in the Department.SurgeryAppointments: Dr. William G. Hag­strom has been appointed Assistant Pro­fessor of Surgery (Plastic Surgery) on apart-time basis. Dr. Hagstrom will alsocontinue his private practice in Chicago.Dr. Louis W. Kolb (,62) has been ap-Dr. Raul Hinojosa. pointed an Associate Professor ofSurgery (Orthopedic Surgery) on a part­time basis. Dr. Kolb served his resi­dency at The University of Chicago andwas a member of the faculty until 1962,when he entered private practice. He is afellow of the American College ofSurgeons, the American RheumatismAssociation, the American Academy ofOrthopedic Surgery, the ProfessionalFootball Physicians Association, andthe Illinois Orthopedic Society. Dr.Kolb has a major interest in sportsmedicine and in trauma and is a consul­tant to the Chicago Bears and theChicago Blackhawks.Dr. Stuart Landa has been appointedto Associate Professor of Surgery andActing Chief of Plastic Surgery on apart-time basis. Dr. Landa will continuehis private practice in Chicago.David Turriff has been appointed aResearch Associate (Assistant Profes­sor) in the Department (Neurosurgery).A Ph.D. candidate, he will work withDr. Ramon Lim on his cancer grant.Promotions: Dr. Constantine Anag­nostopoulos has been promoted to As­sociate Professor of Surgery (Thoracicand Cardiovascular).Dr. Phillip G. Spiegel has been ap­pointed an Associate Professor in theDepartment (Orthopedic Surgery). Heearned his M.D. degree at Northwest­ern University and has been at the Uni­versity of Southern California.Dr. Robert Butler, Professor ofSurgery and Psychology, was programchairman for the 17th annual meeting ofthe Committee for Research inOtolaryngology. Participants were Dr.Raul Hinojosa and Dr. Leonard Proctor,Dr. Jack de la Torre.both Associate Professors of Otolaryn­gology.Dr. Kishan Chand, Associate Profes­sor of Orthopedic Surgery, became a fel­low in the American College ofSurgeons.Dr. Jack de la Torre, Assistant Pro­fessor of Neurosurgery, delivered apaper on "Treatment of Dimethyl Sul­foxide (DMSO) of Experimental Para­plegia Subsequent to Spinal CordTrauma, " at the third annual meeting ofthe Society for Neuroscience in SanDiego in November, 1973. Co-authorswere Dr. John F. Mullan, the JohnHarper Seeley Professor ofNeurosurgery and Director of the BrainResearch Institute, and Dr. CharlesJohnson, a former resident. Dr. de laTorre also discussed the experimentaluse of DMSO in trauma at the SecondSymposium on DMSO at the New YorkAcademy of Sciences on January 9-11.Dr. Ralph E. Naunton, Professor ofSurgery and Chief of the Section ofOtolaryngology, and Stanley Zerlin, Re­search Associate in the Department,have developed a new hearing test whichhelps in easier and more accurate diag­nosis of disabilities of the ear in smallchildren. The computerized test au­tomatically gauges responses of the brainand certain nerves during stimulation ofthe auditory system. It was reported inthe November 12, 1973, Journal of theAmerican Medical Association.Dr. David B. Skinner, the Dallas B.Phemister Professor and Chairman ofSurgery, was the 1973 Edward D.Churchhill Lecturer at the 27th annualmeeting of the Excelsior Surgical Soci­ety in Oakbrook, Illinois. The society'sDr. Ralph F. Naunton. membership consists of surgeons whoserved ·under Dr. Church hill in theMediterranean Theatre in World War II.Those who presented scientific paperswere Dr. Donald Ferguson, Paul V.Harper, Gerald Laros, John Mullan,Robert Replogle, and Frank Stuart, allProfessors.The following members of the Sectionof Otolaryngology presented papers atthe 78th annual meeting of the AmericanAcademy of Ophthalmology andOtolaryngology September 18-21, 1973,in Dallas: Dr. Ralph F. Naunton andStanley Zerlin, "Electrophysiologic In­dices of Auditory Activity: Functionaland Diagnostic Considerations"; Dr.Leonard R. Proctor, "Analysis of EyeMovement Recordings" and"Modification of Bithermal CaloricTest"; Dr. Gregory J. Matz, AssociateProfessor of Surgery, "Ototoxicity ofNew and Old Drugs"; and Dr. RaulHinojosa, "Electron MiscroscopicStudies of Postnatal Development of theInner Ear of the Cat."Zoller. Dental ClinicDr. Frank Besic, Professor Emeritus ofDental Surgery, was honored by his col­leagues at a retirement dinner on Sep­tember 14, 1973. Dr. Besic retired onOctober 1, after serving as Chief of theClinical Services for the past six years.He has been associated with the clinicsince 1947. Dr. Besic plans to continuehis research with enamel caries andelectron-probe analysis of the chemicalelements found in the enamel of teeth.Dr. John E. Robinson, Professor ofDental Surgery, has been elected presi-Dr. Peter Rosen. dent of the Federation of ProsthodonticOrganizations.Divisional GeneralPromotions: Dr. Peter Rosen has beenpromoted to Professor in the Division ofthe Biological Sciences. Dr. Rosen isalso the Director of the Billings HospitalEmergency Room and of the EmergencyMedicine Residency Program.Alumni News1907The Bulletin of the American College ofSurgeons for November, 1973, carried atribute to Dr. Evarts Ambrose Graham,who performed the first successful one­stage excision of lung tissue for lungcancer and developed methods to vis­ualize the gall bladder in living patients.Dr. Graham held a fellowship at Rushfrom 1910 to 1914 and was an Instructorfrom 1914 to 1919. Dr. Graham died in1957.1921Roy R. Grinker, Sr., founder and direc­tor of the Michael Reese Psychosomaticand Psychiatric Institute, received thePresident's Medal of Michael ReeseMedical Center, Chicago, for "contribu­tions to the health and welfare of man­kind." President LeRoy A. Peschawarded Grinker the first such medal atthe hospital's annual dinner in October.Dr. Grinker received the AmericanPsychiatric Association's DistinguishedService Award in 1972 and the Profes­sional Achievement Award of The Uni­versity of Chicago in 1970.Dr. Roy A. Grinker.411926Hugh C. Graham, a pediatrician inTulsa, Oklahoma, was elected vice pres­ident of the U.S. Figure Skating Associ­ation last May and is the co-team leaderfor the U.S. World Figure Skating Teamcompeting in March in Munich, Ger­many.1928Ruth Herrick of Lowell, Michigan, re­tired from a dermatology practice in July"to live with and in my private museumof pattern glass and primitives."1929Noel G. Shaw of Evanston, Illinois, re­tired from his practice of pediatrics after43 years.1935Last year Irving E. Slott of Chicago waschosen by the house staff as best attend­ing physician of the Columbus-Cuneo­Cabrini Medical Center.1937Jacob S. Aronoff, affiliated with the de­partment of otolaryngology at MountSinai Hospital, New York, and plasticsurgery department of Montefiore Hos­pital, spent October and November per­forming facial cosmetic surgery in Lon­don, Lisbon, Barcelona, Nairobi, andAthens. He also managed to go on asafari in Kenya and Tanzania, but hewas not allowed to operate on the ani­mals. He says he still does not knowwhich is the more difficult operation: arhinoplasty on a rhinoceros or a face andneck lift on a giraffe.Clayton G. Loosli received the Dis­tinguished Alumnus of the Year awardof The University of Chicago Club ofLos Angeles in recognition of outstand­ing achievement and service to society.Dr. Loosli is the Hastings Professor ofMedicine and Pathology and medical di­rector of the Hastings Foundation, Uni­versity of Southern California.Joseph Post writes that his son Davidgraduated from The University ofChicago in 1971 and his younger sonTom is now a senior in English. Dr. Postdivides his time between his privatepractice of gastroenterology and tumorcell biology research at New York Uni­versity where he is a professor of clinicalmedicine.Charles H. Rammelkamp of Cleve­land received the following honors in1973: election to the National Academyof Sciences, the Bristol Award from theInfectious Disease Society of America,the Harry Dowling Lectureship Awardof the University of Illinois, and the out­standing civilian service medal of theUnited States Army.42 Leon Seidman has been appointed di­rector of emergency services and a boardmember at Mt. Sinai' Hospital, Chicago.1938Robert J. Hasterlik has been appointedprofessor of medicine at the Universityof Southern California School ofMedicine. He was clinical professor ofmedicine at the University of Californiaat San Diego.David S. Pankratz has retired to Ox­ford, Mississippi, and writes that hekeeps busy with volunteer work in men­tal health, cancer, and heart disease. Dr.Pankratz was dean of the University ofMississippi Medical School from 1946 to1960 and later was senior staff psychia­trist at the Tennessee Psychiatric Hospi­tal and Institute.H. Gladys Spear of Milwaukee is anactive alumna. Besides a full-timepsychiatric practice, she serves on theboard of the Milwaukee Alcolholism As­sociation and the Milwaukee CountyMedical Society Committee on Al­coholism. In her spare time she is anumismatist (U.S. and British Com­monwealth), art and sculpture collector,rock hound, and jewelry maker. She alsotravels extensively and spent the holi­days in London.1943William Stone writes that he retired inJune from the practice of anesthesiologyat Salt Lake City and moved to SantaFe, New Mexico.Robert W. Jamplis, executive directorof the Palo Alto Clinic, becamepresident-elect of the American Associa­tion of Medical Clinics at its annualmeeting in Los Angeles in September.Dr. Jamplis is a clinical professor ofsurgery at Stanford University School ofMedicine and varsity football teamphysician.1944David Hellyer left private practice ofpediatrics to become assistant professorof clinical pediatrics at the University ofWashington. He is also director of theSouthwest Washington Muscular Dys­trophy Clinic.1945Harry W. Fischer, professor and chair­man of the department of radiology atthe University of Rochester School ofMedicine and Dentistry, writes he is"anticipating the opening of the newStrong Memorial Hospital with its greatnew radiology department."C. Frederick Kittle, professor ofcardio-vascular-thoracic surgery at RushMedical College, has been appointed di­rector of the section of thoracic surgery at Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medi­cal Center.Peter Moulder has been appointedprofessor of thoracic and cardiovascularsurgery at the University of Florida Col­lege of Medicine in Gainesville. He hadbeen professor of surgery at the U niver­sity of Pennsylvania.1946Herbert E. Warden received a specialaward from the American Heart Associ­ation and its West Virginia affiliate forservice to the organizations. Dr. Wardenis a professor of thoracic and generalsurgery at West Virginia UniversitySchool of Medicine. His special researchis in the field of prosthetic heart valvesand in methods of revascularizing heartmuscles following coronary occlusion.1947John V. Denko of Amarillo was electedpresident of the Texas Panhandle Medi­cal Society for 1973-74 and vice coun­cilor of District No. 3 Texas MedicalAssociation.Donald F. McBride says he has a sin­gular distinction. He is president-elect ofthe Medical Library Club of DesMoines, Iowa.1948Robert K. Adamson writes: "I've leftprivate practice after 20 years to be incharge of an outpatient psychotherapydepartment and chief of psychiatry atone of the Kaiser system's medical cen­ters in Hayward, California. There arelots of good clinical problems, some ad­ministration, and a whole new set ofchallenges. "1949Nancy Warner was elected to AlphaOmega Alpha the University of South­ern California School of Medicine chap­ter. There, she is professor and chairmanof the department of pathology.1951Ethel M. Bonn is director of the FortLogan Mental Health Center in Denver.She has held the position since 1967.William M. Smith, former AssistantSurgeon General, retired from the U.S.Public Health Service in June and ac­cepted an appointment as clinical profes­sor of medicine and associate dean at theUniversity of California at San Fran­cisco. He also was appointed medical di­rector of San Francisco General Hospi­tal.1952Donald F. Tapley, associate dean forfaculty affairs at Columbia UniversityCollege of Physicians and Surgeons, wasnamed acting dean of the faculty ofmedicine.Andrew E. Lorincz is professor ofpediatrics and director of the Center forDevelopmental and Learning Disordersat the University of Alabama, Birming­ham.1953Richard S. Homer of Northridge,California, writes he is assistant clinicalprofessor of medicine (dermatology) atUCLA School of Medicine. This year heis president of the San Fernando ValleyDermatologic Society.Robert S. Levine of Grand Rapidswas appointed clinical associate profes­sor of surgery at Michigan State Univer­sity in July.Marjorie Montague Wilson ofYakima, Washington, is medical directorof the Southeast Yakima CommunityCenter.1954James W. Crawford of Evanston, Il­linois, is a clinical associate professor inthe department of psychiatry at the Uni­versity of Illinois and chairman of thedepartment of psychiatry at Ravens­wood Hospital Medical Center,Chicago.Peter D. King is president of the LosAngeles Group Psychotherapy Societyfor 1972-74, associate clinical professorof psychiatry at USC Medical School,and senior instructor at SouthernCalifornia Psychoanalytic Institute. Hisrecent research has been in early infan­tile autism.1958Myron Jacobson is associate chief ofsurgery at Maimonides Medical Centerand clinical associate professor ofsurgery at State University of NewYork, Downstate Medical Center,Brooklyn.John T. McEnery is secretary of theChicago Pediatric Society. Dr. McEn­ery lives in Oak Park, Illinois.1959Richard De Gowin has been promoted tofull professor at the University of Iowa,where he has a joint appointment in thedepartments of internal medicine andradiology.1961Owen Rennert is a visiting professorat the University of Berne, Switzerland,1973-74. Dr. Rennert is professor ofpediatrics at the University of Florida,Gainesville.1962Daniel A. DeVries of Grand Rapids was inducted as a fellow of the AmericanCollege of Surgeons at its October meet­ing.1963Harold N. Bass of the Kaiser­Permanente Medical Center departmentof pediatrics in Panorama City and thedivision of medical genetics at UCLApresented a paper at the Society ofPediatric Research meeting in San Fran­cisco in May. Dr. Bass also is activelyinvolved in the pediatric nurse prac­titioner training department at theKaiser-Permanente facilities in SouthernCalifornia.Donald Heistad received the CecileLeyman Mayer Research A ward of theAmerican College of Chest Physicians.He is associate professor of medicine atthe University of Iowa.Michael Kinney writes: "I waspromoted to medical director in theU.S. Public Health Service and amassociate chiefofthe renal unit, USPHS,Staten Island, New York. I have pub­lished my sixth research paper, beenmade a fellow of the American Collegeof Physicians, am farming in westernNew Jersey, and best of all, we havejust had our first child-a girl! Reservea place in the school of medicine."1964Edward N. Brody writes from Paris,France: "I have just been promoted toMaitre de Recherche (more or less theequivalent of associate professor) in theCNRS, the French scientific civil ser­vice. My laboratory continues to workon messenger regulation of T4 infectedcells and on the mechanism of promoterselection by RNA polymerase."1965Hugh Firemark is assistant professor ofneurology at Harbor General Hospital,University of California at Los Angeles.Maxwell S. Maillis of Potomac, Mary­land, has started a cardiology practice inSpringfield, Virginia. He also is assistantclinical professor of medicine at GeorgeWashington University.Lawrence S. Ross completed twoyears as chief of urology for the U.S.Public Health Service Hospital and con­sultant to the Baltimore Cancer Re­search Center, National Cancer Insti­tute, Baltimore. Dr. Ross now has en­tered private practice in Chicago and isaffiliated with Michael Reese MedicalCenter.1966Edward Haines will be at R. W. BlissHospital, Ft. Huachuca, Arizona, for 18months and then will enter private prac­tice of general surgery at Tucson. Jeffery Karasick (Neurosurgery internand Resident, 1967-1973) has becomeaffiliated with Weiss Memorial Hospitalin Chicago.Norman Leaf and his family havemoved to Los Angeles, where Dr. Leafis a full-time plastic surgeon with theSouthern California Permanente Medi­cal Group. He completed his residencyat The University of Chicago.Wesley D. Ulrich has written fromMafraq, Jordan, where he is presentlyworking as staff physician with WorldPresbyterian Missions at the AnoorSanatorium for Chest Diseases. Thenew sanatorium was dedicated last Au­gust and will be capable of serving 60in-patients. Mafraq is located in northernJordan.1967Paul A. Lange has been appointed staffpsychiatrist at the Psychiatric Institutein Washington, D.C., and a member ofthe clinical faculty, department ofpsychiatry and behavioral sciences, atGeorge Washington University MedicalCenter.1968Daniel S. Blumenthal has a new positionwith the U.S. Public Health Service inAtlanta, Georgia, as an EIS officer,parasitic diseases branch, of the Centerfor Disease Control.Leonard Korn has moved from Madi­son, Wisconsin, to Portsmouth, NewHampshire, to become medical directorof the Seacoast Regional CounselingCenter. He writes: "My interests of re­lating mental health care to the overallstructure and functioning of a commun­ity will be tried in this very pleasant re­gional setting."Gordon H. Stoltzner is a scientist atthe Gerontology Research Center, Bal­timore City Hospital, and an assistantprofessor in the sub-department of der­matology at Johns Hopkins University.He had been Assistant Professor ofmedicine at The University of Chicago.John J. Weiter (Intern, Resident, andTrainee in Opthalmology, 1968-1973) iswith the biophysics division, Navy Med­ical Research Institute, National NavalMedical Center, Bethesda, Maryland.David Kindig is co-director of the In­stitute of Health Team Development ofthe U.S. Public Health Service. Theproject is supported by a grant from theRobert Wood Johnson Foundation. Dr.Kindig recently completed a study in­volving the assignment of health careprofessionals to under-served com­munities throughout the country.1969Aileen and Ernest Stiller are parents of a43second son, born on December 5. Aileencompleted her residency at ChicagoLying-in Hospital and is in private prac­tice in Blue Island, Illinois. Ernest hasone more year in orthopedic surgery atthe University of Illinois.1970Robert Karp and his wife announce thebirth of their second child, a boy namedDavid Arnold, on September 14. Dr.Karp is with the 9th Medical Detach­ment of the U.S. Army.M. Jane Mutti is a third-year residentin pathology and laboratory medicine atthe University of Washington in Seattle.1971Robert Chaffee completed his internshipand one year of residency at the Univer­sity of Washington Hospital in Seattleand is a lieutenant in the medical corps ofthe USNR with the 3rd Marine Divisionstationed at Camp Courtney, Okinawa.Ronald M. Klar has been appointeddirector, Office of Health Financing Pol­icy Development of the Department ofHealth, Education and Welfare. Dr.Klar lives in Falls Church, Virginia.Mark Schiffer (Intern and Resident inPediatrics, 1971-1973) is an associate atthe U.S. Department of Health, Educa­tion and Welfare (NIH), Bethesda,Maryland.1972Paul A. Gallagher is a second-year resi­dent in family medicine at Harbor Gen­eral Hospital, University of California atLos Angeles.Branimir Sikic will complete his resi­dency in internal medicine atGeorgetown University Hospital inJune, 1975, and then begin work as a re­search associate at the laboratory of tox­icology, National Cancer Institute,Bethesda, Maryland, for two years.1973Hwyel Madoc-Jones was elected to Betaof the Illinois Chapter of Alpha OmegaAlpha for excellence in the work of themedical school. His name should haveappeared in the list of AOA members inthe last issue of Medicine on the Midway(page 11).Former StaffC. Knight Aldridge (Psychiatry Profes­sor '55-'71) has been named professor ofpsychiatry at the University of VirginiaSchool of Medicine.Peter Altner (Orthopedic Surgery Re­sident '62-'66) has been promoted toprofessor at The Chicago MedicalSchool.Frank R. Barta, Sr. (Neurology Resi­dent '42) is clinical director of the Tide-44 Dr. C. Knight Aldrich.lands Mental Health Center in Washing­ton, North Carolina.Paul Rich Dinsmore (Medicine Intern, 58) published "Lithium in Schizo­Affective Illness"in Diseases of theNervous System, December, 1972. Dr.Dinsmore lives in Cambridge, Mas­sachusetts.Robert A. Fink (Neurological SurgeryIntern and Resident '63-'65) has beencertified by the American Board ofNeurological Surgery and appointed aninstructor at the University of Californiaof Medicine in San Francisco. He has aprivate practice in Berkeley.John Patterson Gerber (PsychiatryResident '69) is chief of psychiatry atVeterans Administration ResearchHospital, Chicago.Noel P. Hayden (Zoller Resident'66-'68) is chief of the section of dentaland oral surgery at Barneys MedicalCenter, a pediatric hospital in Dayton,Ohio.William M. Landau (Intern '47), headof the department of neurology atWashington University School ofMedicine, has been named co-head ofthe school's newly created departmentof neurology and neurological surgery.Stanford Lambert (Medicine AssistantProfessor '70-'73) has an appointment inthe department of dermatology at JohnsHopkins Medical School.Owen Mathieu, Jr. (Pediatrics Internand Chief Resident '71-'73) completedhis residency and moved to Rochester,New York.Virginia Maurer (Surgery Intern andResident '71-'73) is now at the depart­ment of surgery, University of Toronto.Albert H. Niden (Medicine Resident,Assistant, and Associate Professor'56-'64) has been named professor ofmedicine at the Charles R. Drew Post­graduate Medical School, Los Angeles,and chief of pulmonary diseases at KingHospital. He was formerly director of the pulmonary disease section of TempleUniversity School of Medicine.Robert Palmer (Medicine Intern, Re­sident, Assistant, and Associate Profes­sor '5�'73) has accepted an appoint­ment at Rockefeller University, NewYork.Theodore Pullman (Medicine Profes­sor '59-'73) is professor of medicine atNorthwestern University MedicalSchool and associate chief of staff atVeterans Administration ResearchHospital.Kenneth Prager (Medicine ChiefResident'72) is now in Englewood, NewJersey.Lawrence Resnick (Medicine Internand Resident '70-'73) has moved toRiverdale, New York.Edwin Rosenblum (Pediatric Neurol­ogy Resident and Trainee '6�'73) isnow in Albany, New York.Michael Rumelt (OphthalmologyResident'70-'73) has moved to Green­brae, California.Richard A. Cachson (Medicine Internand Resident'6�'70) is completeing anendocrine fellowship at MassachusettsGeneral Hospital and will practice en­docrinology in Dallas beginning July,1974.Alan Samuels (Medicine Resident andTrainee '71-'73) has moved to Memphis,Tennessee.Harvey Sanders (Plastic SurgeryResident'72) has joined the departmentof surgery at Vanderbilt UniversitySchool of Medicine.Paul W. Schafer (Surgery Intern andDr. Dallas B. Phemister's Chief Resi­dent '39-'47) is chief of thoracic surgeryand chief of electron microscopy at theU.S. Veterans Administration Hospitalin Washington, D.C. In August he wasappointed professor of surgery atGeorgetown University Medical School.Henry E. Simmons (Medicine Intern'57) was named Deputy Assistant Sec­retary for Health in the Department ofHealth, Education and Welfare. Previ­ously, he was director of the Bureau ofDrugs in the Food and Drug Administra­tion. Since 1970 he also has been a clini­cal associate professor of medicine atGeorge Washington University.Jerome Starr (Medicine and Assistant'71-'73) is living in Worcester, Mas­sachusetts.Richard Stokes (Ob-Gyn Intern andResident '69-'73) is stationed at Van­denberg Air Force Hospital, Lompoc,California.Albert Swafford (Surgery Intern andResident '71-'73) has moved to Cincin­nati, Ohio.Kenneth W. Teich (Resident '65) isassociate medical director of Women'sHealth Services, Inc., in Pittsburgh.Formerly, he was chairman of the de­partment of obstetrics and gynecology atPennsylvania Hospital, McKeesport.Yasukuni Tsuji (Surgery '61 under Dr.William E. Adams) is director ofNagasaki University Hospital. Dr. Tsujihas been working on lung transplanta­tions, cardiac cancer, and liver cancer.He is a member of the Japan ScienceCouncil.Fabian U dekwu (Surgery trainingunder Dr. William E. Adams) is head ofthe department of surgery, University ofNigeria Training Hospital, Enugu,Nigeria. Dr. Udekwu is secretary of theNigerian College of Surgeons.Sharon Van Meter (Pathology Internand Resident '70-'73) is living inAlameda, California.Katherine Wier (Medicine Residentand Trainee' '72) is at NorthwesternUniversity Medical Scoooi.Some of the local alumni attending theNovember 27, 1973, meeting in Chicago were:(top) Dr. Catherine L. Dobson ('30), presidentof the alumni association, and (bottom, left toright) Dr. Julius E. Ginsberg (,32) and Dr. LeonO. Jacobson ('39), Dean of the medical school. Roland Winterfield (Medicine Resi­dent and Trainee '72) is living in Roches­ter, Minnesota.Dimitrois Zervoudakis (Surgery Resi­dent '71-'73) has moved to Toronto,Canada.Also ...Sidney Blatt (Medicine Resident '72)has moved to Salt Lake City, Utah.Warren Bolton (Medicine Resident'72) has become affiliated with the Uni­versity of Virginia Medical School,Charlottesville.Monique Camerlain (Neurology Re­sident '72) is currently with the Rheuma­tic Diseases Unit, Centre HospitalierUniversiaire, Universite de Sherbrooke,Quebec, Canada.Richard Juberg (Pediatric Resident­Instructor' 59-'61) is currently a profes-Also attending the November Chicago alumnimeeting were: (top) Dr. Clifford W. Gurney('5 I), Deputy Dean for the Clinical Sciences,and (bottom, left to right) Dr. Edward S. Peter­son (Resident '48-51) and Dr. Victor Levine('29). sor of pediatrics at Louisiana State U ni­versity School of Medicine, Shreveport.Victor V. Kitt (Surgery-Otolaryngology. '79-'73) has becomeaffiliated with the Springfield IllinoisClinic.Lawrence J. Pacernick (DermatologyResident '70-'73) has moved to Plain­view, New York.Jack Pickleman (Surgery Residentand Chief Resident '67-'73) hasaffiliated with the department of surgeryat Loyola Medical Center in Maywood,Illinois.James H. Root (Pediatric Resident, 45) is president elect of the ConnecticutState Medical Society.Maurice Ross (Pediatric Resident­Assistant '41-'47) is chairman of theMaine chapter of the AmericanAcademy of Pediatrics. He is also medi­cal director of the newly formed Ex­panded Child Health Care Clinics ofMaine, an attempt to bring pediatric careto underprivileged children.Charles Roth (Pediatric Intern '66) iscurrently a psychiatrist with the Narco­tics Treatment Agency, Washington,D. C., as medical director of a 70-bed in­patient facility of heroin addicts. He alsois doing crisis intervention familytherapy in outpatient clinics for addicts.Edward H. Stein (Psychiatry Instruc­tor and Assistant Professor '69-'73) hasopened a private practice in Chicago.Natalia Tanner-Cain (Pediatric Intern, 47) is currently an assistant professor ofpediatrics, College of Medicine, WayneState University. She was a member ofthe Project Planning Committee of "AConference on Adolescent Health Careand Well-Being," sponsored by the Di­visron of Adolescent Medicine,Children's Hospital of Los Angeles,held in Breckenridge, Colorado, Oc­tober 29-November 1.Association ActivitiesBernard G. Sarnat ('36) was electedpresident of The University of ChicagoClub of Greater Los Angeles at itsNovember 2, 1973, meeting. Richard D.Pettit (,37) of Pasadena was appointed toorganize a medical alumni group in hisarea. Plans include an evening gatheringin the spring.Alumni in the Chicago area held theirfirst downtown luncheon meeting onNovember 27 at the First National BankBuilding. Dr. Clifford W. Gurney (,51),Professor of Medicine and Deputy Deanfor the Clinical Sciences, briefed alumnion current activities at the medicalschool. The Medical Alumni Associa­tion is planning programs for LosAngeles and San Francisco in April andfor Boston in May.4546 8:00 a.m.-Breakfast for Century Club mem­bers and guests, QuandrangleClub.9:30 a.m.-Scientific Program, BillingsHospital.12:00 noon-Awards Luncheon, Distin-guished Service Awards, Class of1924 Citations, Quadrangle Club.2:30 p.m.-Departmental Open Houses6:00 p.m.-Alumni Banquet, Class of 1974Honors, Class Parties, Gold KeyAwards, McClintock Award, En­tertainment (no speeches), TheFurniture Club, 666 North LakeShore Drive, Ch icago.CALENDARMonday, April 1Reception for alumni and spouses during Ameri­can College of Physicians Meeting, New YorkCity, New York Hilton, 5:30-7:30 p.m.Sunday, April 28Chicago Lying-in Hospital Alumni dinner duringAmerican College of Obstetricians andGynecologists meeting, Las Vegas, MGM Hotel;cocktails at 7:00 pm.; dinner at 8:00 p.m.Spouses invited. Reservations through the Medi­cal Alumni Association office.Wednesday, May 15Senior Scientific Session, P-117, 9:30 a.m.-5:00p.m.Thursday, June 13Medical Alumni Day:Monday, June 24Reception for alumni and spouses during American Medical Associationmeeting, Chicago, 5:30-7:00 p.m. Hotel to be announced.Dear Alumni, Parents, and Friends,The Pritzker School of Medicine and The Division of the Biological Sciences aresupported in large part by gifts and bequests from alumni and friends committed tothe continuation of the qual ity of education, research, and patient care at The Uni­versity of Chicago.You can help us by participating in the 1974 Medical Alumni Fund drive. Your giftprovides support for the medical school, faculty salaries, student aid, or for a purposedesignated by you.If you wish to remember the medical school in your will, the following bequestform is suggested:\\1 give, devise, and bequeath $ to The University of Chicago, an Illinoisnot-for-profit corporation, to be used for the general purposes of The Pritzker Schoolof Medicine (or insert purpose or name of fund)."Additional information can be obtained from: The Office of the Dean, The PritzkerSchool of Medicine, 950 East 59th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637.Sincerely,Leon o. Jacobson, M.D.DeanMedicine on the MidwayThe University of ChicagoThe Medical Alumni AssociationThe Pritzker School of Medicine1025 East 57th StreetChicago, Illinois 60637•Address corrections requestedreturned postage guaranteed The Joseph Regenstein LibrarySerial Records Department, Room-2221100 East 57th StreetChicago, Illinois 60637 NON-PROFIT ORG.u.s. POSTAGEPAIDPERMIT NO. 9666CHICAGO, ILL.