/.. h M·d.Medicine on tel way/\ ( v�Bulletin of the Medical Alumni Association The University of ChicagoDivision of the Biological Sciences and The Pritzker School of MedicineCover: Chimneys are "in" at The University of Chicago.The newest building on campus features 40 of them, eachrising the height of the l l-story Cummings Life ScienceCenter. The Center was dedicated on October 19, 1973.Named in honor of industrialist Nathan Cummings, theCenter provides laboratories for scientists studyingmolecular biology.This issue covers both the dedication of the Centerand architectural and scientific information on thisintegral building in the Science Center at The Universityof Chicago.Photo: Joel Snyder.Medicine on the MidwayVolume 28, No.2, Summer-Fall, 1973Bulletin of the Medical Alumni Association ofTh.e University of Chicago Division of the BiologicalSCIences and The Pritzker School of Medicine.Copyright 1973 by the Medical Alumni AssociationThe University of ChicagoEditor: Howard S. BimsonContributing Editor: James S. SweetPhotographers: Rudy JanuSandi KronquistDiane KutaMel OsterLloyd Eldon SaundersJoel SnyderLeslie TravisMedical Alumni AssociationPresident: Catherine L. Dobson (Rush '30)President-Elect: Otto H. Trippel ('46)Vice-President: Henry P. Russe (,57)Secretary: Frank W. Fitch ('53)Executive Secretary: Katherine T. WolcottCouncil MembersJoseph Baron (,62)William Moses Jones ('31)Lauren Pachman ('61)Edward Paloyan (' 56)Joseph H. Skom (,52)Francis H. Straus, II (,57) ContentsCummings Center Dedicated 4Cummings Life Science CenterJames Stacey 7First Medical Alumni Day 9An Interview with the Alumni President 12Mission in MadangDr. Theo. G. Braun 14ImmunotherapyDr. Warren E. Enker 16To Sleep (Perchance to Dream)James S. -Sweet 18New Cardiology Center ProposedCarol Klawitter 21Senior Scientific Session 27News Briefs 37In Memoriam 40Departmental News 41Alumni News 483Cummings Life Science Center(left to right) Governor Dan Walker, Mayor Richard J. Daley, Mrs. Cumm­ings, Arnaldo Pomodoro, Nathan Cummings, and University PresidentEdward Levi pose before Pomodoro's "Grande Disco."4 Cummings Center DedicatedMayor, Governor, and Nobel laureatesGather in Praise of Basic SciencesFive Nobel laureates, the mayor of Chicago, and thegovernor of Illinois participated in the dedication cere­monies for the $12 million Cummings Life ScienceCenter on Friday, October 19.The Center is an l l-story structure housing researchfacilities and administrative offices for the University'sDepartments of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Theoreti­cal Biology, and Microbiology.Dedication day began officially at 9 a.m. with a scien­tific session. The session was held in the main auditoriumon the first floor of the new Center. Four speakersaddressed faculty and invited guests on current frontiersin modern molecular biology. The speakers were:Dr. Christian B: Anfinsen, Nobel laureate and chiefof the Laboratory of Chemical Biology at the NationalInstitute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases, Bethesda,Maryland;Gerald M. Edelman, Nobel laureate and professor ofbiochemistry at Rockefeller University, New York;Peter E. Geiduschek, formerly a University ofChicago faculty member and currently a professor ofbiology at the University of California, LaJolla; andFrederic M. Richards, chairman of the department ofmolecular biophysics and biochemistry at Yale Univer­sity.At noon members of the basic sciences facultygathered with the morning's speakers for a luncheon atthe Quadrangle Club near the campus. George W. Bea­dle, the William E. Wrather Distinguished ServiceProfessor of Biology and President Emeritus of the(left to right) President Edward Levi, Alan Cummings, Nathan Cummings,Mayor Daley, Dean Leon O. Jacobson, and Governor Walker participatedUniversity, made brief remarks after the luncheon.Members of the press gathered at 2 p.m. to discussthe Nobel Prize, the state of science in the United States,and federal funding for the sciences with five Nobellaureates. Nobelists attending the conference were:Dr. Christian B. Anfinsen, 1972 Nobelist in chemistry;Gerald M. Edelman, 1972 winner in medicine andphysiology;Dr. Arthur Kornberg, 1959 winner in medicine andphysiology;George W. Beadle, 1958 Nobelist in medicine andphysiology; andRobert S. Mulliken, 1966 winner in chemistry.A high point in the conference came when all five Nobel­ists agreed that the greatest problem facing the worldcurrently is overpopulation. Mulliken suggested that notonly should the peoples of the world work for zero popu­lation growth but that they should probably strive fornegative growth.Dr. Arthur Kornberg, professor of biochemistry atStanford University School of Medicine, presented themain address at the formal dedication ceremonies at 3p.m. Dr. Kornberg stressed the need for continued sup­port of research, particularly basic research. He pointedout that private philanthropy is presently having its great­est impact because of diminished federal support.University President Edward H. Levi; Gaylord Don­nelley, Chairman of the Board of Trustees; Leon O.Jacobson (,39), Dean of the Division of the Biologicalin a short ribbon-cutting ceremony on the front steps of the CummingsCenter. Nathan CummingsPeter E. Geiduschek at the morning scientific session.Antoine Poncet's nine-foot sculpture, "Aileronde," graces the main en­trance of the Cummings Center.5(left to right) Robert 5. Mulliken, Ceorge W. Beadle, Dr. Arthur Kornberg,Cerald M. Edelman, and Dr. Christian B. Anfinsen served on the Nobelists'press conference panel.Sciences and The Pritzker School of Medicine; andindustrialist Nathan Cummings, a principal donor to theproject, also spoke at the formal ceremonies. Robert B.Uretz, Deputy Dean for the Basic Sciences, introducedthe speakers and honored guests.Following the formal dedication, there was a shortribbon-cutting ceremony on the steps of the Center.Mayor Richard J. Daley and Governor Daniel Walkeroffered brief remarks. Alan H. Cummings, chief execu­tive officer of Cummings Communications Corporation,represented the Cummings family in cutting the ribbon.Guests then proceeded through the building to view anew sculpture, just north of the building, which waspurchased by Nathan Cummings. The sculpture, GrandeDisco, is by Arnaldo Pomodoro.The day ended with tours of the new building and areception in the penthouse area of the Center. Through­out the day, no one seemed happier than Nathan Cumm­ings, founder and chairman of the executive committeeof Consolidated Foods Corporation, for whom the build­ing is named. His joy, however, was the cumulativereflection of the pleasure of University officials and thescientists who will now inhabit the Cummings Life Sci­ence Center.Deputy Dean Robert B. Uretz finally got some rest at the end of theday at the Cummings Center reception.6 Cummings life Science CenterFlexibility for InteractionNow and in the FutureJames StaceyIt's an unusual building. Certainly a most radical depar­ture from the traditional Chicago Gothic that graces thecampus. The usual Indiana limestone facade is there,but the building is so totally dominated by the 40 brightred brick exhaust towers that the traditional limestoneseems to disappear.Some say it is brazenly functional. In effect, it hashung its mechanical and functional equipment outside tokeep the inside free for quick adaptation to new labora­tory needs. While some may want to fault it for its severefunctionalism, nonetheless, the building has many vir­tues, the most significant of which is its critical impor­tance to intellectual life at The University of Chicago.Without its planning, construction, and occupation, thebasic biological sciences at Chicago well could have losttheir competitive position.''The building has been critical from the earliest stageof conception and commitment," says Robert B. U retz,the Ralph W. Gerard Professor and Deputy Dean forthe Division of Biological Sciences and The PritzkerSchool of Medicine. "We absolutely could not haverecruited or kept many of our top investigators withoutthe promise of appropriate and adequate facilities."This is a theme shared by those occupying the newbuilding. The three departments-Biochemistry, Mic­robiology, and Biophysics and Theoretical Biology-were severely squeezed for appropriate space and werehoused in buildings scattered across the campus."We have wanted and needed a new building for along time," says Dr. Donald F. Steiner (,56), the A.N. Pritzker Professor and Chairman of Biochemistry."We anticipate that the improved facilities will exert astrong stimulus for each investigator's program. Beyondthat, the new building promises to provide an atmosphereconducive to interdisciplinary approaches to manyimportant problems in the basic sciences."Robert Haselkorn, the Fanny L. Pritzker Professorand Chairman of Biophysics and Theoretical Biology,echoes that sentiment: "The major advantage of the newbuilding is that it brings together investigators who hadbeen working in three separate buildings. More contactsand more interaction will be of great benefit."Bernard S. Strauss, Professor and Chairman of theDepartment of Microbiology and on the Committee onGenetics, says, "The current exciting areas of researchin microbiology are those encompassed by the fields ofcell biology, virology, and immunology. One of our goalsis integration of the different areas. The move to Cum­mings may make it easier to create an integrated de­partmental program."Fans, Fume Hoods, and RefrigerationThe building provides an abundance of space. Its 11floors offer 100,000 square feet of research space. And,it is not just space around columns and between ductshafts. The core and load-bearing wall constructionmeans that all of the space around the central core isfree of bearing walls or supporting columns.Flexible and abundant space is only one facet of thebuilding. If its exterior towers remind one of a fortress,its basement equipment resembles nothing less than theengine room of an aircraft carrier. The basement ceilingis 18 feet high to accommodate four huge supply fansthat pump air into the building. Additional equipmentprovides chilled water to laboratories. The chillers aresized to provide 2,000 tons of refrigeration.Most modem buildings require only 20 to 25 percentfresh air for their air conditioning systems, with theremaining air recirculated. The Cummings buildingrequires 90 percent fresh air, since most of the building'sair must be exhausted to avoid contamination of highlysensitive life science materials. To avoid room contami­nation, each laboratory has a positive air pressure andabsolute filtering system.In addition, there are an average of 20 fume hoodson each floor, all of which must be exhausted. This iswhere the ubiquitous towers come into play. There are50 exhaust fans placed in the 40 towers, pulling air fromthe building. Any caustic materials from fume hoods areremoved by special chemical washers before beingexhausted.Other services to the laboratories include hot and coldwater, gas, oil-free compressed air, vacuum, deionizedwater, steam, and, for some laboratories, carbon dioxideand nitrogen.In the initial planning of the building, scientific inves­tigators participated in the design of their own laboratoryspace, working with the architects Schmidt, Garden &Erikson, and I.W. Colburn, the University's consultingarchitect. At the start of move-in, Roy P. Mackal,Biochemistry Research Associate, became the liaisonbetween the investigators and University architects."Cummings is a very modem and sophisticatedlaboratory complex," he says. "It will house a widerange of investigations, everything from x-ray crystal­lography to micro-parasites. It has many specialized fea­tures, such as a high-voltage, high-current elec­trophoresis facility, with all safety locks built in."The building contains 44 environmental control rooms,where temperatures can be maintained at any degreebetween minus 20 and plus 60 centigrade. It also containsa number of very clean white rooms with extremely tightseals and ultraviolet lamps to maintain optimum condi- tions for tissue cultures. There are common roomfacilities, where sterile dishwashers, drying ovens, andother housekeeping equipment can be shared by anumber of laboratories. The facilities of the machine andelectronics shops on the first floor also are shared byall investigators.Mackal points out that an unusually high amount ofelectrical current was made available to the building."There are 9,000 IlO-volt electrical outlets," he says."They were all put in by one man. Midway through,he could hook one up while carrying on a conversation."Flexibility is gained not only from the column-freeinterior space, but also from placement of duct work andpiping. "The many towers outside the building providemaximum flexibility for future changes, "says Harold H.Hellman, University architect. He points out that anexhaust system outlet is available approximately every10 feet, so the placement of fume hoods and other equip­ment is no problem."We can change the space patterns without changingduct work," he says. "Future remodelling will be muchsimpler and much less disruptive."Another important feature of the building is a modern174-seat auditorium on the main floor. Future plans callfor a faculty lounge on the 11 th floor penthouse whichwill be hooked up for closed circuit television. Overflowaudiences then will be able to hear presentations fromthe main auditorium.Both the 11 th floor penthouse and the 6th floorremained unfinished at the time of initial occupation andbuilding dedication. When additional funding has beenrealized, the 11 th floor penthouse will contain a libraryin addition to the faculty lounge. The 6th floor will beequipped for studies in developmental biology. Part ofthat cost will be covered by the National Cancer Instituteas a result of the University's establishment of a CancerResearch Center.Breaking Down Building BlocksThe major feature of the building is that it will housea large number of leading scientists with common inter­ests. "The building provides appropriate facilities for thefirst time for a large number of investigators," saysUretz. "Their principal concern will be analysis ofbiological structure on the molecular level, as well asregulation and control in biological systems."Dr. Steiner points out that a few scientists felt themost important events in molecular biology occurred inthe 1950s and early I960s with the discovery of the struc­ture of DNA and the breaking of the genetic code, whichprovides information needed to regulate life processes."But much remains to be learned about the mechanismsof cellular regulation, and discoveries here will be scien­tifically important and highly relevant to diseases likecancer, diabetes, and even aging."A large number of investigations will be concernedwith the structure of proteins, the most important build­ing blocks of protoplasm and enzymes. Methods havebeen developed for using automated equipment to workout amino acid sequences in proteins. These should otTerinsight into the evolution and function of proteins. A7sequencing center as well as a structural model buildingfacility will be used by all three of the departments inthe building.Another area of interest will be the study of mem­branes within cells. Dr. Theodore L. Steck, AssistantProfessor of Biochemistry and Medicine, pioneered inthis field with his studies of membranes in blood cells.Further understanding of the organization and propertiesof membranes may shed light on what goes wrong withcells when they become malignant.Dr. Steiner is noted for his discovery of proinsulin,a biosynthetic precursor of insulin, which has stimulatedmuch new research in diabetes, endocrinology, and cellbiology. He and his associates also continue their studieson the role of insulin and other substances in the regula­tion of normal cell growth and metabolism. "A fullunderstanding of the regulation of normal and abnormalcell growth is our goal here," he says.John H. Law, Professor of Biochemistry and Chemis­try, and Ferenc J. Kezdy, Professor of Biochemistry,are studying properties of lipids in natural and artificialmembranes. This is pure, basic research, but it couldwell provide clues to the solution of health problems likeatherosclerosis.One of Professor Haselkorns investigations relates tothe mechanisms of photosynthesis in blue-green algae.He hopes to develop, over the long range, a genetic sys­tem in blue-green algae in which the effects of mutationsin individual genes can be determined.Paul B. Sigler, Professor of Biophysics, will continuehis study of the three-dimensional structure of transferRNA, a key interaction in protein synthesis. His workwill be enhanced immeasureably by the new chromato­graphy facility in the building.The investigations of Professor Strauss focus on theDNA molecule. He is studying the replication ofDNA-the basic genetic material in the cell-and isinterested in determining the control mechanisms thatregulate the division of normal and abnormallymphocytes.Departmental Structures BlendWhile the all-pervading research theme relates tomolecular and cell biology, some investigations will con-Appearing like the bowels of a ship, the base­ment of the new Cummings Life Science Centeris crowded with mechanical equipment whichkeeps the many laboratories in the 17 -storybuilding operating properly. Steam pipes, com­pressors, air ducts, plumbing, chillers to pro­vide 2,000 tons of refrigeration, and huge fansfor ventilation are part of the complex mechani­cal system. centrate on larger systems. A group of population biolo­gists study populations, how they develop regulatory sys­tems, and how or whether genetic differences occur. Forexample, if 50 white mice and 50 black mice are placedin one community, what appearance will that populationeventually assume? If animals with genetic defects areprohibited from mating, will the gene for that defect even­tually disappear?And while most studies will have long-term clinicalbenefit, many, like Dr. Steiner's insulin studies, will pro­vide more immediate clinical benefit. Another projectinvolves study of the regulation and control of certainmutant microorganisms, leading to production of com­pounds needed for industrial and medical use."Another important trend relates to the shifting natureof frontiers in research," says Professor Uretz. "We'renow beginning to apply the knowledge and experimentaltechniques learned from bacteria and viruses to mam­malian and human biology. This 'moves much of currentbasic biological science closer to clinical science and itsapplications. "Dr. Steiner notes that some of the traditional depart­mental structures may be less meaningful than they werein the past. That is, biochemists, biophysicists, and mi­crobiologists all are concerned with understanding lifeat the molecular level, as are theoretical biologists,neurobiologists, developmental biologists, and popula­tion biologists."What we call ourselves is not terribly important,"Dr. Steiner says. "But some kind of departmental organi­zation is necessary for many reasons, and the presentlyexisting departments have traditional values and prob­ably make as much sense as any new ones we mightdream up. What is far more important is the fact thatwe're now all in one building and that this arrangementcan permit the implementation of new fields."The Cummings Life Science Center building is namedin honor of Nathan Cummings, a principal donor to theproject. He and other donors have aided investigatorswho are working on some of the most important problemsin life science today. From these laboratories will comediscoveries on life's most complex and intricate systems.They will enhance not only the understanding but alsothe health of mankind.8First Medical Alumni DayActivities and AwardsBegin a Splendid TraditionThe first Medical Alumni Day, held on June 7, 1973,at the University, did its job. It began a tradition thatwill undoubtedly be continued by graduates of ThePritzker School of Medicine and the Division of theBiological Sciences. The Medical Alumni Associationplanned a full day of activities for the enjoyment ofalumni, their spouses, and graduating seniors.The day began with a scientific program in the FrankBillings Auditorium of The Pritzker School of Medicine.Three of the four alumni who received the DistinguishedService Award later in the day presented major papers.The alumni were joined by two senior students who laterreceived awards for their presentations at last spring'sSenior Scientific Session. These morning lecturers were:Dr. Ernest Beutler (,50), chairman of the divisionof medicine and director of the department ofhematology at the City of Hope Medical Center,Duarte, California, and clinical professor ofmedicine, University of Southern California, LosAngeles, who lectured on "The Biochemical Ge­netics of Some Glycolipid Storage Disorders:Gaucher's, Fabry's, and Tay-Sachs Diseases;"Dr. David S. Greer ('53), director of medical andadministrative affairs, Earle E. Hussey Hospital,Fall River, Massachusetts, and medical advisor tothe Fall River Housing Authority, whose presenta­tion was "Sheltered Housing: A TherapeuticEnvironment;' ,Dr. William D. Odell (,56), chief of the division ofendocrinology and chairman of the department ofmedicine, Harbor General Hospital, and professorof medicine and physiology, University of Californiaat Los Angeles, who lectured on "Etiologies of Sex­ual Maturation;"Dr. Arlen R. Holter (,73), recipient of the FranklinMcLean Prize, who presented his research on "Ab­rogation of Hyperacute Rejection of Renal Allo­grafts by Pepsin Digest Fragments of AntidonorAntibody;" andDr. Hywel Madoc-Jones (,73), recipient of the Med­ical Alumni Prize, who presented his work on "Roleof the Serum Supplement in Control of Proliferationof Cultured Mammalian Cells."Distinguished Service AwardsAt noon alumni and faculty gathered at the Center forContinuing Education for a luncheon. Dr. Richard L. Landau, 1973 president of the Medical Alumni Associa­tion, introduced the after-luncheon program, whichbegan with the official presentations of the DistinguishedService Awards. Dr. Clifford W. Gurney ('51), DeputyDean for the Clinical Sciences, presented the award toDr. Ernest Beutler. Dr. Beutler was cited for his workon enzyme deficiencies in certain populations and otherwork in hematology. Dr. Landau presented the awardto Dr. David Greer. Dr. Greer was cited for his researchon the localization of male hormone in male-hormonesensitive tissues. Dr. Leslie J. DeGroot, Professor ofMedicine, presented the award to Dr. William Odell. Dr.Odell was cited for pioneering work on TSH, thyroid­stimulating hormone.Dr. H. Hugh Fudenberg (,53), professor of medicine,University of California, San Francisco, and professorof bacteriology and immunology, University of Califor­nia, Berkeley, also received a 1973 Distinguished ServiceAward. He was not able to attend the Chicago festivities,but Dr. Frank Fitch (,53), Professor of Pathology, pre­sented Dr. Fudenberg with his award at the San Fran­cisco reunion of the class of 1953, held on Memorial Dayweekend. Dr. Fudenberg received the award in recogni­tion of his work in hematology, immunology, and gene­tics.Dr. Joseph Kirsner, Chief of Clinical Staff and theLouis Block Professor of Medicine, presented citationsto the class of 1923. Five representatives of the classwere present at the luncheon to accept the citations.Following the luncheon, alumni wives were offeredwalking tours of the campus. The tour included a visitto the University's Midway Studios, where sculptor­in-residence Virginio Ferrari discussed his work. Alumnireturned to the Hospitals and Clinics complex to visitformer teachers during departmental open houses.Awards to SeniorsThe evening began officially with a reception foralumni, faculty, graduating seniors, and their parents atthe Furniture Mart on Chicago's Lake Shore Drive.Guests proceeded to dinner in the Furniture Club of theMart. The after-dinner program began with an introduc­tion of the dais by Dr. Landau and a welcome from Dr.Leon O. Jacobson, Dean of The Pritzker School ofMedicine and the Division of the Biological Sciences.Next, Joseph J. Ceithaml, Dean of Students, was tohave presented honors and awards to the class of 1973.Ceithaml's remarks were preempted by Dr. Douglas A.Buchanan, Professor Emeritus of Medicine and Pediat­rics, who turned tables on Ceithaml and presented himwith a Distinguished Service Award. Ceithaml, a Profes­sor of Biochemistry, was honored for his work on the9(top left) Or. and Mrs. William o. Odell ('56) from Los Angeles. (bottomleft) Or. Richard Landau looks on as Or. Clifford Curney ('50) con­gratulates Or. Ernest Beutler ('50). Or. Joseph Kirsner is at right.kinetics of genetics. Dr. Buchanan also remarked thatCeithaml is "the greatest angler that ever existed" andthe "best dean of medical students in the whole UnitedStates. "Ceithaml did recover sufficiently to begin his presenta­tions to senior students. He noted that the 84 seniorscomposed the largest graduating class from The PritzkerSchool of Medicine. He pointed out that a record numberof seniors, 28, were entering directly into residencies.Also, he explained that the graduates were "a mosttalented class in the performing arts," which referredto the June 1 Senior Skit, a student take-off on the medi­cal school faculty.Awards began with the presentation of the AmericanMedical Women's Citations for excellence in medicalperformance. Those receiving the citation scroll were:Catherine M. Covey, Carol Lamer, Mary M. Pretzer,and Elizabeth A. Reid.The sixth Upjohn Achievement Award, for outstand­ing achievement in the medical school, was presentedto Jeffrey I. Gordon. He received $150.00 and a plaquefor his work in developing a computerized patient-statussystem.The third Mary Roberts Scott Memorial Prize, givento a woman medical student for academic excellence,10 (top right) (left to right) Or. Frank Fitch and Or. Marvin Weinreb presentthe Distinguished Service Award to Or. and Mrs. Hugh Fudenberg.(bottom right) (left to right) Drs. Clayton Edison and David Creer.was awarded to Catherine M. Covey. She received$100.00 and a certificate.The 27th Medical Alumni Prize, awarded to a seniorfor the best oral presentation of research done duringmedical school, was presented to Hywel Madoc-Jones.For his presentation at the Senior Scientific Session, hereceived $150.00 and a plaque.Arlen Holter received the Franklin McLean MedicalStudent Research Award. The addition of his name toa plaque in the medical school's student lounge and$200.00 were awarded to Holter for his performance ofthe most meritorious research.The Nels M. Strandjord Award is given to a seniormedical student for outstanding performance in thegeneral field of radiology. Hywel Madoc-Jones receivedthe award and a plaque to be hung in the Departmentof Radiology.The Joseph A. Capps Award, for proficiency in clinicalmedicine, was awarded to Elizabeth A. Reid. Shereceived $100.00 and the honor of being the secondwoman in a row to win the award.Hywel Madoc-Jones received the John Van ProhaskaAward. The $200.00 and a certificate are awarded foroutstanding potential in teaching, research, and clinicalmedicine.Seniors in The Pritzker School of Medicine who wereelected to Beta of the Illinois Chapter of Alpha OmegaAlpha for excellence in the work of the school were:Catherine M. CoveyRichard W. FurlanettoRichard F. GaekeJeffrey I. GordonJohn M. HarlanCarol S. LamerRichard J. MierMary M. PretzerJames Bruce ReulerElizabeth A. ReidWalter W. SchellStanley S. SchwartzStephen P. Spielberg(left to right! Dr. John Doull ('53) and his wife, Vera, and Dr. CliffordGurney at the class of 1953 Chicago reunion.The following senior medical students were chosen tograduate "With Honors":Catherine M. CoveyRichard W. FurlanettoJeffrey I. GordonHwyel Madoc-JonesElizabeth A. ReidStanley S. SchwartzStephen P. SpeilbergMcClintock AwardTwo awards were presented by Armando E. Giuliano(,73). The Hilger Perry Jenkins Award was establishedin 1970 to honor an outstanding member of the house­staff. Dr. David Lichtenstein, Resident in the Depart­ment of Medicine, received the 1973 award. Dr. NicholasA. Vick (,65), Assistant Professor of Medicine(Neurology), received the 13th J.A. McClintock Award.It is given to the outstanding teacher of the year by avote of the senior class.Dr. Vick is a native Chicagoan. He received his B.A.degree from the University of Michigan in 1961, but hereturned to his home town and received his M.D. degreefrom The University of Chicago in 1965. After an intern­ship in medicine and a residency in neurology at the University, Dr. Vick became a clinical associate in themedical neurology branch of the National Institutes ofHealth. He returned to the University in 1970 and joinedthe faculty as an Assistant Professor of Medicine.His main research interest is the electron-microscopicstudy of viral-induced brain tumors in experimental ani­mals. He is also interested in structural studies of brain­stem nuclei in primates. Dr. Vick is a member of theAmerican Academy of Neurology, Central Society ofNeurological Research, and the Chicago NeurologicalSociety.The McClintock Award was established in 1960 byDr. James A. McClintock, a Muncie, Indiana, surgeonand 1942 graduate of the medical school, in honor ofhis father, J.A. McClintock. The elder McClintockretired as a professor of horticulture at Purdue Univer­sity in 1960, after 30 years of teaching. He died in Au­gust, 1961.When the award was established, it was noted thatwhile many awards go to outstanding investigators, thetangible awards to dedicated teachers are rare. Membersof the faculty of The University of Chicago ranking frominstructor to professor are eligible for the award.Gold Key AwardsBernard D. Meltzer, the James Parker Hall Professorof The University of Chicago Law School, presentedthe main address of the evening.Gold Key Awards were presented to Drs. Charles B.Huggins and Henry T. Ricketts.The presentation to Dr. Huggins was made by DwightJ. Ingle, Professor of Physiology. Nobel laureate Hug­gins, a member of the University's medical faculty since1927, is the William B. Ogden Distinguished ServiceProfessor in the Ben May Laboratory, which he estab­lished in 1951 and headed until 1969.Dr. Ricketts served at the University as a residentfrom 1931 to 1933 and was a faculty member from 1933to 1967. He is Professor Emeritus in the Departmentof Medicine. The award to Dr. Ricketts was made byDr. Henry T. Ricketts Dr. Charles B. Huggins11Dr. Ann M. Lawrence, Associate Professor in theDepartment of Medicine.The emotional high-point of the evening came with theadministration of the Hippocratic Oath. Dr. Douglas N.Buchanan, Professor Emeritus of Medicine and Pediat­rics, began by advising the seniors to remember that"medicine is one of the universal arts." He then adminis­tered a modem text of the oath.Whatever spell was created was broken after the oathby the presentation by the seniors of the second act open­ing from the Senior Skit. The seniors gathered arounda grand piano to render the now-famous song,"Operation," which is sung to the tune of "Oklahoma."New Alumni OfficersThe final event in the evenings program was theannouncement of the newly elected officers of the Medi­cal Alumni Association. Dr. Catherine L. Dobson ('30)was elected president for 1973-74. Dr. Dobson, who isin private practice of gynecology, is a member of theClinical Associate Staff of Chicago Lying-in Hospital.Dr. Otto H. Trippel (,46), was named president-elect.A vascular surgeon, Dr. Trippel is an associate professorof surgery at the Northwestern University MedicalSchool.Dr. Henry P. Russe (,57), will serve as vice presidentduring 1973-74. Dr. Russe is chairman of the departmentof medicine at Columbus-Cuneo-Cabrini Medical Centerin Chicago.Dr. Frank W. Fitch (,53), was elected secretary. Dr.Fitch is a Professor of Pathology at The University ofChicago.Members of the Medical Alumni Association Councilfor 1973-76 are: Dr. Lauren Pachman (,61), head of thedivision of immunology, Children's Memorial Hospitalof Chicago; and Dr. Joseph H. Skom (,52), who is inprivate practice and is an assistant professor of medicineat the Northwestern University Medical School.The evening ended with Dr. Catherine Dobson's warmwelcome "to the new members of the association, theclass of 1973."(left to right) Drs. Samuel}. Meyer, Lien Simenstad, Ralph Elston, TrumanCaylor, and Ceorge Barnett represented the class of 1923 at their 50thanniversary reunion.72 An Interview With the AlumniPresidentCatherine Lindsay Dobson Has GoneBeyond the Limits of ChicagoAt first she could not make up her mind whether tobecome a doctor or a ballerina. By the age of 13, how­ever, she had given up the stage for the operating theater.Now, a number of years of knowledge later, she hasa principal role as this year's president of the MedicalAlumni Association. This is just a beginning on Dr.Catherine Lindsay Dobson.Dr. Dobson is a member of the Clinical Associate Staffof Chicago Lying-in Hospital. Her lifelong specialty hasbeen obstetrics and gynecology; she gave up obstetricstwo years ago. Her lifelong character has been one ofextraordinary care for her patients."Many doctor-patient relationships are scientific butimpersonal these days." she states. "A big factor in thesmooth postoperative course of my patients is that theyare kept informed of what is going on; their questionsare answered."Dr. Dobson's career began in 1930 with graduationfrom Rush Medical College. Her medical training startedat Northwestern University in the first class to admitwomen. Dr. Dobson recalls: "Four girls were admittedto the freshman class. Many of the faculty and male med­ical students resented our presence and lost no time inmaking us uncomfortable."After two years at Northwestern, Dr. Dobson trans­ferred to The University of Chicago at Rush MedicalCollege. As she explains it: In those days a Universityof Chicago medical student had a choice of spending hislast two years on the South Side or at Rush MedicalCollege on the West Side. Those who finished at Rushwere more likely to become practicing physicians, whileSouth Side graduates often entered into research."I don't know what would have happened if I hadgone to the South Side. I might now be in research."Graduation from Rush was followed by internship andresidences in surgery and obstetrics at Cook CountyHospital of Chicago. Admission to the internship wascoveted and obtained by competitive examination. Sheloved her experience there and later returned to Countyto become an Associate in Gynecology. During herinternship, she began to teach at Rush."I started to practice in January, 1936," she says. "Itwas very slow for several years. Who needed a Loopspecialist in the midst of a depression?" She has main­tained a practice these 37 years at 25 East WashingtonStreet in Chicago. The location is in the middle of theLoop, the city's main business and shopping area, andis convenient for patients from all parts of the city.A regular professional home was a necessity for Dr.Dobson, who turned out to be an incorrigible traveler.During World War II, she supervised deliveries for theDr. Catherine DobsonChicago Maternity Center on Wednesday and Saturdaynights and all day on Sundays. These were homedeliveries, which sent Dr. Dobson to all areas of thecity. She also did gynecological surgery at County onTuesdays and Fridays and continued to teach.During the sixties, Dr. Dobson spread her practicewell beyond the limits of Chicago under the aegis ofMedico, a private organization based on the conceptsof Thomas Dooley. Through this organization, special­ists go on one-month assignments to underdevelopedcountries around the world. The specialists share ideasand supplies, give lectures, and operate with local doc­tors. Dr. Dobson has traveled four times for Medico:to Saigon in 1964, Tunis in 1966, Afghanistan in 1968,and to Honduras in 1970. In 1962 she went to India tooperate in Delhi under a private arrangement. Of her Medico experiences she says: "In general allthe patients you see are alike. They are malnourished,have far-advanced disease, and are suffering, many ofthem from diseases almost unknown in our countrytoday. Infant mortality is very high; those that surviveseem to have something special. They recover frominjuries and illnesses that would be fatal to the averageAmerican. "When she was in Honduras, for example, Dr. Dobsoncared for a patient with placenta previa, a placenta lyingtoo low in the uterus. The patient was very anemic witha hemoglobin of 4 gm. She knew the woman would loseadditional blood when she delivered and might die.Although the hospital had an American-supplied lab witha blood bank, they were completely out of blood. SinceDr. Dobson is a universal blood donor, she madearrangements to give blood to the patient. Before theblood was available, the patient delivered and lost about1,000 cc of watery blood. The patient did not go intoshock and made a slow recovery with only 500 cc bloodreplacement.Now, Dr. Dobson concentrates on her gynecology andinfertility practice. She is one of the few private prac­titioners who brings patients to Chicago Lying-in Hospi­tal, and she feels her presence is enjoyed by the hospitalresidents in Gynecology. "They see a different type ofpatient and a different patient-doctor relationship."At this point in her career, Dr. Dobson is particularlyinterested in fertility, early cancer, and gynecologicalsurgery. Her office is equipped with a colposcope anda cryosurgical unit for the treatment of early cancer ofthe cervix. She will do early pregnancy terminations andfirmly upholds this woman's right under the law. Sheexplains her practice as "helping people to conceive ifthat is what they want, or to terminate an unwanted preg­nancy.The lady does have definite opinions. As this year'spresident of the Medical Alumni Association, she hopesto bring some of the Dobson style to Associationactivities. The highlight of the year will be the banquetfor graduating students. This time there will be nospeeches, but there will be entertainment from the facultyand students. She hopes to make this a happy affair,providing another fond memory of the school.On September 6, 1973, Dr. Catherine Dobsonpresented Dr. Leon O. Jacobson, Dean of ThePritzker School of Medicine, with a check for$3,700. This was an initial gift toward the fund­ing of the Dobson Scholar in Obstetrics andGynecology. Each Dobson Scholar, a youngerfaculty member, will hold the position for fiveyears. The scholars will be researchers ill infer­·tility. Dr. Dobson intends to make partial {J{/V­ments during her lifetime toward a total g(ftwhich will approach $750,000.13Mission in MadangDr. Theo. Braun ReminiscesAbout Service in New GuineaDr. Theo. G. BraunIn 1929 Dr. Theo. G. Braun graduated from Rush Medi­cal College. The next year he began a life's work ofmedical service in New Guinea. His devotion to theYaganm Lutheran Hospital in the M adang District ofPapua, New Guinea, led to his later honoring by theAustralian government. Recently, Dr. Braun wrote thefollowing reminiscence about his foreign career.I arrived in New Guinea on March 29, 1930, my birth­day. My service was to be as a volunteer medicalmissionary for the American Lutheran Church. At thetime of my arrival, the population of Madang consistedof 80 caucasians, 160 Chinese, and probably 2,000natives.After a brief welcome, and without further ado, I waspacked on a horse to see a girl with black water feverwho was some 16 miles away. There were no cars inthose early days.The Australian mandate then had eight physicians. Onnearby New Britain there was an Australian medical mis­sionary, and a gold dredging company was expecting aphysician at any time.To obtain licensure I had to journey to Rabaul on NewBritain. Officials there had never registered a physicianwho was not a graduate of an Australian or British uni­versity. As it turned out, my Chicago diploma came invery handy. The director of public health had a high opin­ion of the school. I had no difficulties registering andneither did the foreign medical personnel who arrivedlater.The mission administration gave me a free hand ...subject to budgetary limitations. But, in the early yearsof the depression those budgetary limitations were con­siderable. I started a training system for medical aidsand managed to get a small hospital and a portable x-raymachine.I was a teacher and general practitioner and did many14 things I never should have or would have done at home.These extraordinary activities included thyroid and radi­cal neck surgery, cataract extractions, and combattingamebic dysentery outbreaks.The war put a stop to everthing. We caucasians,mainly Catholics and Lutheran missionaries, were in onecamp. Our male trainees continued to work, however,throughout the entire occupation period. We had se­creted stocks of arsphenamines to treat yaws, ate brinefor malaria, and sulfanamids.We were to produce vegetables for the Japanese, sothey needed healthy workers. After waiting a few weeksto observe whether I was too proud, they told me togo to my job. What I had been most reluctant to dowas dentistry. We had had no dentist in the territory.The Japanese carried a portable dental set wherever theywent, but they had no dentists either, at least not in theirunits in northwest New Guinea. Soon, I was performingdental services and was putting temporary or amalgamfillings into Japanese mouths, too. It probably saved ourlives.When we were finally rescued at Hollandia in DutchNew Guinea, my wife had beri beri. I weighed 110pounds. After liberation, we stayed in American stationhospitals and then finally made our way home to theUnited States and stayed a year.Soon after our subsequent return to New Guinea, wewere able to buy a fully equipped U.S. Army stationhospital from the Southwest Pacific Command. It wasa "where is, as is" purchase. The hospital packageincluded ambulances, jeeps, a power plant, dirty dishes,bedding, operating tables, and all medical supplies. Thehospital and its equipment were sold to us for a priceequal to what it would have cost the army to bulldozethe materials into the ocean.With the supplies from this purchase, we were betteroff than we had ever been before, at least in terms ofusable equipment. We built a hospital compound nearMadang and started training native girls as nurses andyoung men as orderlies and aid post supervisors. Ameri­can, Australian, and European physicians eventuallycame to join the staff.Before I knew it, I was 65 years old, the mission'smandatory retirement age. I retired from the administra­tion of the mission's hospital program. When I told thepeople I would remain and pursue a parttime medicalpractice, the town-to our great delight-put on a bigfeast. Australian government officials nominated me fora British order. Since I was an American citizen, I couldonly get an honorary order. So, I received the Memberof the British Empire medal.After another furlough home, we returned to NewGuinea, bought a house, and lived in semi-retirement.I screened patients in myoid hospital during two halfdays each week. During another three half days eachweek, I had office hours in Madang. We had an enjoyablelife and watched a country of some two million people,who had lived in an unorganized society, develop intoan emerging nation.Now, the country has its own school and universitysystem. Some of the first trainees who worked with mehad received three years of schooling. Some of the chil­dren of my first aid post orderlies now have medicaldegrees.All this makes us feel that our efforts and our daysspent overseas were not in vain.Dr Braun and his wife had planned to spend the restof their lives in New Guinea, but they finally returnedto the United States for health reasons. They have nowretired to the Good Samaritan Village in Hastings, Neb­raska. The hospital staff celebrated Mrs. Braun's 70th birthday by presentingher with a cake.Native child with a phagedenic infection of the buttocks. The infectionis usually confined to areas below the knees.15ImmunotherapyNew Weapon Against CancerDr Warren E. EnkerDr. Warren E. Enker, Assistant Professor of Surgery,is an enthusiastic investigator in the rapidly expandingfield of tumor immunology. His office is in the east wingof Billings Hospital. His activities reflect the daily lifeof the clinician-investigator and teacher, working in hislaboratory, seeing patients in the Surgery Clinic, ope rat -ing and attending to the never-ending work of fundingproposals, research reports, laboratory notes, etc. Thereis much to do, much to learn, and much to test.Last year, Dr. Enker completed his chief residencyat this University. He was then appointed to his presentfaculty position and was awarded a special fellowshipfrom the National Cancer Institute of the NationalInstitutes of Health. Since that time, he has been study- .ing tumor immunology with Dr. Robert W. Wissler(,49),the Donald N. Pritzker Professor of Pathology.This summer, he left The University of Chicago for oneyear of special research study with another eminenttumor immunologist, Dr. Charles F. McKhann at theUniversity of Minnesota. He will devote his time to thestudy of the immune defense against cancer and the test­ing of patients to determine the competence of theirimmune system.Upon his return he will set up an extensive laboratoryuniquely devoted to the study of cancer of the colon.This will be the only laboratory of its kind within thismedical complex. For the most part he feels that thisdisease should be completely curable through the useof several approaches which may include postoperativeimmunotherapy. The following article was written by Dr.Enker in response to a request by Foundation News,a publication of The University of Chicago CancerResearch Foundation.The human body has a unique immune system whichfights off invasion by foreign harmful agents. Under nor­mal circumstances, our white blood cells are capable ofseeking out and destroying harmful bacteria or cancercells in an effort to keep us healthy. Cancer is recognizedby the body as such a harmful, foreign invasion, andthe development of new cancers is constantly beingaborted by our immune system. Our immune system issimilar to a special, elite force of infantry (white bloodcells) which detects the enemy (a newly formed cancercell) and kills it before it gains a foothold in the bodytissues. In patients with established cancer there has,by definition, been a failure to fight off this invasion fromthe outset. After all, the cancer cell or the "enemy"also wishes to survive.What we aim to accomplish after treatment by opera­tion or chemotherapy is to boost our immune defenseagainst cancer to eradicate all of those cancer cells which16 we know are present but which cannot be seen becausethey are still dormant or camouflaged.Immunotherapy first gained recognition during the1950s, when it was discovered that cancer cells haveforeign characteristics or "antigens" which might be re­cognized by our immune system. Prior to the 1950s, wealready knew that some clinical cancers would disappearon their own without obvious explanation (spontaneousregression). Also, experiments with animal cancersshowed that some of these cancers could be made todisappear permanently, albeit under rare circumstances.It was presumed that, in the absence of any other expla­nation, immunity to the cancer had developed. Duringthe 1950s, this was proven through immunologicalresearch.As we all know, cancer is a disease of tissues overwhich the body has lost the control of growth. This newtissue grows independently, spreads outside the confinesof its origin to other vital organs and eventually kills.Frequently, patients undergo operation and/or x-raytreatment and the cancer is controlled and cured.However, many patients come to us with spread of thecancer from the place where it originated to the adjacentdraining lymph glands. A certain percentage of theseareas of spread, or metastases, is an indication that thecancer might also be present at other points in the body,even though it cannot be detected.Immunotherapy aims to boost the immune defense ofthe body after the treatment aimed at removing the maintumor has been completed. Specifically, we aim tostimulate the white blood cells of the immune systemto seek out and destroy the individual deposits of cancercells which we cannot get to either by surgery or byirradiation.All of the present systems of treatment for cancer,including operation, x-ray, or chemotherapy, have a ten­dency to depress the body's immune system. Con­sequently, they fail to boost our immune defense againstcancer at the very time when it is most needed.Immunotherapy is a systemic or overall form of treat­ment aimed at eradicating cancer anywhere in the body,as opposed to an operation or x-ray treatment which canonly remove the main tumor itself. While chemotherapyis also a total-body form of cancer treatment, the chemi­cal drugs which kill cancer cells, also depress the immunesystem. By contrast, immunotherapy, provided that theresidual cancer is at its lowest concentration, is a sys­temic form of treatment which boosts rather than depres­ses the body's defense against cancer.Some SuccessesThere are two basic areas of immunotherapy presentlyundergoing study. The first is non-specificimmunotherapy. This form of treatment includes periodicinjections of specially treated killed bacteria of the sametype which are used to immunize against tuberculosis.These organisms have the distinct advantage of beingable to stimulate the body's immune system. The secondtype of immunotherapy is called specific immunotherapy.This treatment takes the patient's own cancer tissues orother cancer tissues of the same type and uses these toprepare a vaccine which has been specially treated witha unique class of enzymes or other compounds. Thesecompounds are capable of stripping from the cancer theprotective coating of the cell's surface which wouldotherwise prevent the cancer from being detected as aforeign invading force. This vaccine is then given to thepatient to boost his recognition of the specific cancerso that the patient can mount a strong immune responseto the presence of tumor anywhere in the body.For the past eight or nine years, immunotherapy, par­ticularly the non-specific variety, has been employedtogether with chemotherapy in the treatment of some ofthe childhood leukemias. Definite improvement insurvival in certain categories of leukemia has been evi­dent. The success strongly depends upon expert treat­ment, medical care, and research.Similar successes have been demonstrated in certainskin tumors which would otherwise not be amenable totreatment by x-ray or surgery because of their broadextent. In some of these cases the cancer itself has beeninjected with the killed bacteria so that the combinationof the cancer and the bacteria can stimulate the body'sdefenses. Although the treatment has been given locallyin certain areas of the body, tumor has disappeared fromother areas far distant from the site of treatment, whichis evidence that the response is not limited to the areaof treatment but that the treatment has provided astimulus for an overall systemic attack by the body uponthe cancer.Some success has also been obtained with the verylethal skin cancer, melanoma.This is not to suggest that immunotherapy can be uni­versally applied to cancer. As in the case for most otherareas of progress in cancer, we usually hear only of thesuccessful cases and not of those cases which have failedto respond to treatment. It must be emphasized thatimmunotherapy is one more adjunct to the treatment ofcancer and that nowhere in the treatment of cancer hasimmunotherapy provided a universal cure at the presenttime. The experimental work in immunotherapy, bothin the laboratory and clinical arena requires elaboratelaboratory facilities uniquely designed for constant test­ing of the response of patients to the treatment. Theselaboratories are expensive to set up and to maintain, andthey require expert personnel both running the lab­oratories and the patient treatment simultaneously. It hasbeen difficult to establish such facilities all across thecountry and to find people who are capable of doing thecomplicated experimental work needed to ensure theeffectiveness of immunotherapy.Also when we speak of cancer we are dealing withapproximately 120 individual tissue types of malignantdisease. It cannot be expected that each of these diseasesfollows the same course or has the same characteristics.No one method of immunotherapy has yet been success­fully applied to all cancers. A third reason whyimmunotherapy has not been universally successful todate is that most patients who have undergoneimmunotherapy are presently patients with late stagesof disease in whom all other efforts at treatment havefailed to control the cancer. Present AimsImmunotherapy is probably not a form of treatmentwhich can best be applied. to the patient with faradvanced disease. Its greatest benefit will probably beseen when immunotherapy is provided to patientsimmediately following operation or other treatmentaimed at eradicating the great bulk of the tumor tissue.This step in cancer treatment has not been taken by mostclinical centers at the present time. However, we antici­pate the day when clinical trials of this type of treat­ment-early post-operative or post-irradiationimmunotherapy-will provide more evidence of its realclinical value.The hazards of immunotherapy are relatively few whencompared to other forms of treatment. The one majorprecaution which must be taken in consideringimmunotherapy is not to boost other complicatedresponses of the immune system, such as production ofblood-borne antibodies, which might actually enhancethe growth of a cancer rather than eradicate the tumor.The careful approach to choosing the proper form ofimmunotherapy for a given disease and a given patientreflect the caution which we must exercise to make surethat the immunotherapy is successful rather than harm­ful.Our present aims in immunotherapy are to characterizethe nature of cancer as best as is possible. This involvesclinical, laboratory, biochemical, immunological, andviral studies in many different areas of malignant disease.We hope that with further characterization of thesetumors, those facets of each which may be manipulatedby immunotherapy will become evident. Hopefully, thebest form of stripping the cancer cell of its protectivecoat also will become evident with time. When we knowmore about the cancer cell itself, and of the ways tostrip this enemy of its camouflage, those elite specialforces of white blood cells will become a very strongforce to be used in the fight against cancer.Dr. Warren E. Enker17To Sleep (Perchance to Dream)The Sleep Laboratory ContinuesInvestigation of Nocturnal BehaviorJames S. SweetEveryone does it, but nobody knows why.Sleep is one of the unsolved biological puzzles, sayUniversity of Chicago physiologists and psychologistswho have studied it for years. We know why we walk,talk, and eat, but not why we sleep.Sleep is not simple physical rest. You can lie awakeall night relaxed, but if you don't sleep during thesehours, you'll still feel sleepy. You might assume thatin sleep the body is at rest. This is not entirely so. Sleepresearchers have learned that during some stages ofsleep, neurons in your brain are emitting electricalimpulses at a far greater rate than most of the time youare awake.Sleep research involves sophisticated equipment tomeasure tiny changes in electrical currents in the skinand muscles. Volunteer subjects are taped up with elec­trodes like moon visitors, but it does not seem to interferemuch with their sleep patterns, says Allan Rechtschaffenand Rudolph Pivik of the University's Sleep Laboratory.The life of the mate of a sleep researcher is diffi­cult-hubby or wife is off sitting up all night watchingan experiment. The experimenter also must carefullyexamine miles of graph paper coming out of direct­writing machines. The graphs record physiological activ-Reprinted by permission of the publisher from the September-October,1973 Hyde Parker. ©1973 by Ironwood Enterprises.18 ity such as brain wave activity, muscular tension in thelip and chin, and movements of eye muscles. They mayalso record skin temperature, skin resistance, heart rate,respiration, and other physiological responses whichcould contribute to an understanding of sleep.The research is supported by grants from the NationalInstitute of Mental Health and the Department of MentalHealth of the State of Illinois.Discovery of the BasicsStudies of sleep at the University began underNathaniel Kleitman, now retired, who started publishinga long series of reports on the physiology of sleep in1923. He wrote Sleep and Wakefulness (1939 and 1963),the classic text on the subject.A lot of water. has gone over the dam-or a lot ofsheep have gone over the fence-since then.The landmark date in recent sleep research was a 1953report by Eugene Aserinsky, a doctoral student at theUniversity, and Kleitman.Aserinsky and Kleitman discovered so-called REM(rapid eye movement) sleep by attaching electrodes nearthe eyes of sleeping volunteers. The electrodes measuredmovements of the eyes during sleep.When awakened immediately after an REM period,most people recall dreaming. There is a complex changeof brain waves during REM sleep. Later on, it waslearned that so-called PGO spiking, intense electricalactivity in three areas of the brain, occurs before andduring REM periods.Another of Kleitman's students, Dr. William C.Dement, confirmed Aserinsky's findings, demonstratedthat every normal human goes through a sleeping cyclethat includes three or four periods of rapid eye movementduring each night, and also did the first "sleep depriva­tion" studies. Dement showed that when subjects weredeprived of REM sleep, they later showed compensatoryrebounds of it above normal levels. He hypothesized thatdepriving a person of REM sleep would eventually causehim to act psychotic.Dement's hypothesis was presented as fact in thepopular press, but it has not been proved true, accordingto Allan Rechtschaffen, the current Director of TheUniversity of Chicago Sleep Laboratory and Professorin the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology. Even­tually, Dement abandoned the idea which would tendto uphold Sigmund Freud's theory that dreams are a sortof mental "safety valve."Everyone needs a minimum amount of sleep, saysRechtschaffen, but each person must judge for himselfhow much he needs. Most people habitually sleep sixto eight hours, but this is just a statistical norm.Like Aserinsky and Dement, Rechtschaffen is one ofthe "first generation" of post-World War II sleepresearchers.It might be said that there is no genealogy more easilycharted than that of recent sleep experts-practically allof the "first wave" are former Kleitman students orresearchers who learned the new techniques from his stu­dents. Today, many of the sleep laboratories in theUnited States are directed by students of this first waveof Chicago sleep researchers.Comments Rechtschaffen, "When I first arrived atThe University of Chicago as an Instructor in Psychiatryin 1957, I chanced to be introduced to Edward Wolpert,then a medical student at the University. Wolpert invitedme to observe an experiment which he was conductingin Kleitman's laboratory. He showed me the rapid eyemovements as they were traced on the moving paperand told me that when he awoke the subject we wouldhear a vivid dream report; that is exactly what happened.About half an hour later Wolpert pointed out the spindlesand lack of eye movements of Stage 2. He said this timethe subject would have nothing to report upon awaken­ing; and that is just what happened. At that point, I saidto myself, 'My God, here is the mind turning on andoff during sleep, and we actually have a physiologicalindicator of when it is happening. What better opportun­ity is there to study how the mind and body arerelated?' "After his arrival at the University in 1957, Rechtschaf­fen's interest began to tum to sleep research, and hewrote a series of studies on the psychophysiology ofdreams, sleep talking, mental activity during sleep, nar­colepsy, dreaming in schizophrenics, the effects ofamphetamine on the sleep cycle, tooth grinding, and theeffects of visual stimuli on dream content.Rechtschaffen and Dement in 1960 established theAssociation for the Psychophysiological Study of Sleep,which initially had 20 members. It now has about 500.In 1968, he was co-editor of A Manual of StandardizedTerminology, Techniques, and Scoring System for SleepStages of Human Subjects, published by the NationalInstitutes of Health, a United States government agency.The Manual sets forth criteria for the scientific descrip­tion of the various stages of sleep. Four stages of Non­REM (NREM) sleep may occur, interspersed by periodsof REM sleep. The manual also describes techniques used for recording brain waves (electroencephalogramsor ECG), eye movement (electrooculograms or EOG),and muscle tone (electromyograms or EMG).REM VariationsRechtschaffen's initial impression that the mind "turnson and off' in sleep in the form of REM dreams turnedout to be an over-simplification.Early sleep researchers assumed that dreams onlyoccurred during REM sleep. Dr. Dement and othersassumed that the supposedly rare NREM dream recallsrepresented remembered dreams from REM sleep. Butanother alumnus of Chicago, David Foulkes, demon­strated in 1962 that 74 percent of NREM awakeningsproduced recall of mental activity and that 54 percentproduced "dreams" with sensory imagery. By the late1960s it was accepted that dreams during REM sleepwere merely more prevalent and more vivid. NREMmentation was found to be more like thinking and lesslike dreaming, less vivid, less visual, more conceptual,more plausible, less emotional, and more pleasant.NREM dream recall was shown to vary among individu­als, perhaps leading to early sampling errors. NREM"dreams" were also found to occur in periods beforeany REM episodes began.Among males, REM sleep practically always producedfull or partial penile erections-unbeknownst to thesleepers. Experimental figures indicate penile erection inas many as 95 percent of REM periods. However,expressly physical sexual contact phantasizing is recalledin only about 12 percent of recorded male dreams.Can certain types of rapid eye movements be coor­dinated with visual images during dreams? Is the dreamer"scanning" dream images? The argument over this isstill going on.Some researchers, such as the University'S Dr. Wil­liam Offenkrantz, Professor of Psychiatry, have studiedREM in the blind. Varying amounts, or no REM, havebeen found in the blind, but REM in the blind appearsto be less active or organized than in sighted persons.During the 1960s, it was learned through animal experi­ments that bursts of relatively high voltage can bedetected in three brain areas during REM sleep. Thebursts created sharp peaks and valleys in the EEG graphcalled spikes. These particular peaks and valleys areknown as PGO spikes. The term PGO refers to the pons,the lateral geniculate nucleus, and the occipital cortexareas of the brain from which the spikes are most promi­nently recorded.Usually there is a build-up of spiking a second or twobefore a burst of eye movements. The spikes continueduring REM sleep.Comments Rechtschaffen, "PGO spikes may reflectthe most essential, needfulfilling attributes of REMsleep. "This is where one research project at the Universityis now at.Knowledge about PGO spikes has depended onimplanting EEG electrodes in the brains of animals, asthis type of brain activity cannot be detected from placingthe electrodes on the scalp.19It's not ethical to plant electrodes deep within thebrains of humans. However, in humans it is possible toget some picture of this PGO spike activity from sensorsplaced near the eye muscles. The Sleep Laboratory isinvestigating the correlation of eye muscle spikes andbrain spikes in animals, as a guide to determining PGOspiking in humans. Dr. Barbara Jones, newly arrived atthe University, is studying how the spike activity varieswith changes in the brain chemistry of animals. The rela­tionship of such spikes to the occurrence of bizarreevents in dreams is being studied by Rechtschaffen andhis associates.Working with Rechtschaffen is Rudolph T. Pivik,Research Associate and Assistant Professor in theDepartment of Psychiatry. Pivik, who received his doc­torate under Dement at Stanford in 1971, wrote his doc­toral thesis on Mental Activity and Phasic Events DuringSleep. Pivik spent a year as a postdoctoral researchfellow at Harvard's Laboratory of NeurophysiologyAllan Rechtschaffen20 before coming to The University of Chicago just last fall.Rechtschaffen and Pivik, plus several graduate stu­dents, are also studying possible differences in bodilymuscular activity among different types of sleepers.About SleepHere are a few random facts about sleep:Infants sleep a great deal, and most of their sleep isREM sleep. It may be that this extra brain activity isimportant for neuronal development.Among children, the commonest sleep disorder is bedwetting (enuresis), which occurs in about 22 percent ofchildren at one time or another. Less common is sleepwalking-three to four percent. Least common amongchildren is so-called night terror, which occurs in a non­dreaming phase of sleep. Children who suffer from nightterror, or pavor nocturnis, can wake up screaming incomplete fright and a cold sweat and yet not rememberany dream. These three childish sleep disorders declineas humans get older, and it may be that they are relatedto incomplete "fine tuning" and adjustment in childrenof the nervous system.The commonest adult sleep disorder is insomnia.About 20 million Americans take sleeping pills (bar­biturates) because they cannot sleep. Barbiturates pro­duce typically low-voltage, fast EEG waves called "bar­biturate spindles." What has attracted most attention isthat the amount of REM sleep and density of eye move­ments within REM sleep are usually reduced. Drug com­panies have spent small fortunes to determine whethervarious types of pills reduce REM sleep, largely inresponse to Dement's 1960 hypothesis that deprivationof REM sleep may cause psychotic symptoms.You may think you are lying awake with insomniawhen you are really asleep. Poor sleepers have higherheart rates, higher body temperatures, and more bodymovements during sleep. Poor sleepers also tend to feelawake during sleep.About 130,000 U.S. adults suffer from narcolepsy,irresistable sleep. Narcoleptics may fall into a deep REMperiod of sleep while working, talking, or eating. Thenarcoleptic may lose muscular control, typical of someperiods of normal sleep. This is a condition known as"sleep paralysis." In conjunction with sleep paralysis,the narcoleptic may experience hallucinations, which arein fact REM dreams. These are frightening symptoms."Imagine the narcoleptic who, during sleep paralysis,hallucinates burglars in his sleep while he is completelyunable to move or call for help," comments Rechtschaf­fen.Another adult sleep disorder is hypersomnia, exces­sively long nocturnal sleep, followed by a semi-stuporousstate called "sleep drunkeness;" and chronic daytimesleepiness. Its victims may sleep as much as 20 hoursat a time. Some may not realize they have a sleep disor­der at all-they think it is normal to sleep a lot.All mammals sleep, but some sleep longer. Longer­sleeping animals, in fact, appear to live shorter lives,but this seems to be related to a high metabolic rate whichmay be the life-reducing factor, rather than supposedlyexcessive sleep.New Cardiology CenterProposedCatalyst for a Broad AttackCarol KlawitterThe past few years have witnessed an explosive increasein knowledge and technology related to the study of thehuman heart and the diseases that afflict it. A dramaticreflection of these advances is found in The Universityof Chicago Cardiology Center, one of the nation's mostsophisticated coronary care facilities. Prior to the estab­lishment of the center in 1968, the mortality rate amongpatients during the first critical period following heartattack was 45 percent. By 1972 the Cardiology Centerhad brought the morality rate down to 8.7 percent, amongthe lowest, if not the lowest, in the United States.The Cardiology Center occupies a central position inthe University's efforts to save the victims of heart dis­ease, the most frequent cause of death in this country.It has become a catalyst for a broad-based attack oncardiovascular diseases, serving not only as a modernpatient care unit but also as a center for research andthe training of future cardiologists and teachers. Theprogram involves teams of cardiologists, pathologists,biochemists, geneticists, radiologists, surgeons, basicscientists, and many others drawn from throughout themedical center and from other parts of the University.In the past five years, the Cardiology Center hasserved as a prototype unit, providing a model for manysimilar installations in hospitals and medical centersacross the nation. It is now apparent, however, thatmuch more could be accomplished. The University pro­poses to enlarge its present Cardiology Center by morethan one-half to provide additional patient care facilitiesand to accommodate the newest computerized monitor­ing equipment and other life-saving techniques.Special Areas and PersonnelThe new Cardiology Center will be located on theseventh floor of the Charles Gilman Smith Hospital,whish is adjacent to Billings Hospital and is one of IIhospitals in The University of Chicago Hospitals andClinics complex. It will have 37 beds, compared to 24in the present facility. It will provide a wide array ofdiagnostic and treatment capabilities for heart attack suf­ferers-each tailored to the needs of the individualpatient. Included are four separate but geographicallyintegrated areas, each supported by appropriate nursingstations, conference rooms, and teaching facilities. Dr. Robert L. Replogle, who heads the Section of Pediatric Surgery, workson a case of open-heart surgery.21An acute coronary care unit, designed for sevenpatients, will provide care for those who enter the hospi­tal during the first critical hours following a heart attack.Patients admitted to this area will be under constant med­ical and nursing supervision, including computermonitoring. Twelve patients, who will be under closeobservation but will not need the continuous care neces­sary in the coronary care unit, will be cared for in anintermediate care area. Heart attack victims may bemoved into this area after their recovery has progressedbeyond the first most critical period, usually 72 hours.For patients with valvular and congenital forms ofheart disease, there will be an 18-bed cardiac diagnosticward. Patients may also be moved into this area fromthe acute and intermediate care areas as their conditionspermit. Here, they will be close at hand for emergencytreatment, and they will be near clinical laboratories topermit continuing evaluation of their conditions.An acute investigational cardiac laboratory willimmediately carry out important determinations of theheart's function and blood chemistry analysis. Nurseswho have been specially trained to undertake these inves­tigations will be in constant attendance. In order toassure more efficient medical services throughout theCardiology Center, computers located in close proximityto the patient areas will be available to collect andanalyze important information 24 hours a day. Thesefacilities will serve each bed within the coronary carearea and, when necessary, within the intermediate carearea. In addition, each bed in the diagnostic ward willhave the capability of centralized monitoring as required.Currently, the total cost of construction and equipmentfor the new Cardiology Center is estimated at $2,130,000.large Research EffortThe Pritzker School of Medicine is the nation's fore­most producer of teachers for medical schools. Of 80graduate students who completed the Cardiology Sec­tion's training program in the past 12 years (1961-1972),The Cardiassist, now being clinically tested atThe University of Chicago and at hospitals inNew York and Los Angeles, can be operatedby nurses and cardiac technicians. It hasalready proved useful in treating patients withcardiogenic shock. The apparatus encases thepatient's legs in a rigid plastic box which sur­rounds a water bladder. Carefully timed pres­sures on the legs force blood baCkward throughthe lower arterial system and into the aorta.Negative pressures, timed to coincide with theheart beat can also be used to reduce pressuresagainst which the heart must contract, againallowing a more efficient pumping action.22 47 are cardiologists or investigators in major Americanmedical schools. Eleven are in private speciality practiceof cardiology and the others either are in the militaryservices or receiving additional training elsewhere. Anaverage of 60 candidates for the M.D. degree receivetraining on the cardiology ward each year. This numberwill be increased significantly with completion of theexpanded Cardiology Center.There are two special distinctions about The Univer­sity of Chicago's program in cardiology: its comprehen­siveness and the remarkably intimate associationbetween clinicians and basic scientists in making newknowledge available for the care of patients with unusualrapidity and efficiency. Research concerning the heartand its function is conducted in many departments ofThe Pritzker School of Medicine, but most of theactivities are coordinated by the Cardiology Section ofthe Department of Medicine. Dr. Leon Resnekov,Professor of Medicine, and Dr. Harry A. Fozzard,Professor of Medicine, are codirectors of the section.One of the most powerful forces in the CardiologyCenter's spectacular record in reducing loss of life fromheart attacks is the expanding use of computertechnology. Data made available immediately by thecomputer enables the physician to determine quickly theextent of damage in a heart attack and the nature of treat­ment required. It also permits him to assess the effectof any treatment given in a matter of a few minutes orhours.By recording the heart rate, the computer supplies thedoctor with an instant record of how many normal andabnormal beats occur over designated periods. If the heartis beating abnormally, it defines whether the beats areoccurring singly, in pairs, or in runs; it even describesfrom what part of the heart the abnormal beats are aris­ing. By analyzing the information it receives from theelectrocardiogram, the computer also triggers immediatealarms at the slightest change of heart rhythm. If electri­cal instability of rhythm develops, emergency drugs,electric shock, or pacemaker therapy, as indicated, canbe employed at once to restore normal beat. If the heartis overworked, various cardiac and electronicdevices-many of them having become available only inthe very recent past-can be employed.Many of the computer techniques that are now usedwidely had their origins, in important respects, inpioneering studies at the University. Current studies,under the direction of Dr. Fozzard, are directed toextending diagnostic and assessment capabilities. Majorefforts concern analysis of pressure and flow studies andthe building up of detailed computer files on patients thatcan be used for instant recall and for prognostic pur­poses. Dr. Fozzard's group also is trying to developways "of reaching out to those patients who have suchgreat risk of dying before they can reach a hospital" byproviding analysis of the electrocardiogram over the tele­phone or through telemetry.A large research effort is concentrated on definingwhat physiological factors are responsible for thedevelopment of advanced atherosclerosis. Dr. Robert W.Wissler, the Donald N. Pritzker Professor of Pathology,is studying some of the factors of the blood stream whichlead to the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. He andother members of a research team are using test tubecultures of cells of the arterial wall to determine whatkind of fatty substances stimulate the proliferations caus­ing atherosclerosis and narrowing of the arteries. Dr.Angelo M. Scanu, Professor of Medicine and ResearchAssociate in the Department of Biochemistry is workingto define the structure, function, and relationship oflipoproteins, those particles which transport waterinsoluble fats in the blood and which assure the utiliza­tion of fats for energy. Medical evidence strongly sug­gests that an alteration in the structure of these particlesmay result in the accumulation of fatty deposits alongthe walls of the arteries.Other center studies deal with the processes of cardiacmuscle-cell destruction, repair, and synthesis. Dr. Mur- ray Rabinowitz, Professor of Medicine and Biochemis­try, and Dr. Donald A. Fischman, Associate Professorof Biology and Anatomy, are. conducting basic studiesto determine why dead cardiac muscle cells are replacedby scar tissue, and not by new muscle, in the humanadult heart. They have succeeded in creating "new"heart muscle tissue in the test tube from growingembryonic chick and mouse heart cells. The next stepis growing laboratory tissue from the patient's own livingheart cells to replace dead tissue. Dr. Ernest Page,Professor of Medicine and Physiology, has developeda remarkable new electron microscope technique fordefining which heart muscle cells are still viable and maybe rescued after a severe heart attack and which cellsare irreversibly injured and are going to die.Diagnosis and TreatmentA number of specialists are doing studies on the electri­cal instability of the heart and also on the way in whichthe electrical impulse spreads through the heart muscleto assure an organized contraction. Dr. Roderick W.Childers, Associate Professor of Medicine and Directorof the Electrocardiographic Services Laboratory; Dr.Suzanne Oparil, Assistant Professor of Medicine; andDr. Fozzard are concerned with plotting out the veryearliest electrical changes that occur in the animal heartduring the course of a severe heart attack. Their goalis to find at what stages these changes are still reversibleand how the various changes may suggest appropriatedrug therapy during an acute heart attack.Another group of investigators is measuring theresponses of the heart following a myocardial infarction.These investigators include Dr. Resnekov, Dr. HaroldL. Brooks, Assistant Professor of Medicine, and Dr.Raul E. Falicov, Assistant Professor of Medicine. Aftera severe heart attack, efficiency of both sides of the heartbecomes markedly reduced. Working with animal mod­els, various interventions are being attempted to improvethe heart's contractility and therefore its abilityto pumpDr. Leon Reseriekov, Director of the Univer­sity's Myocardial Infarction Research Unit,inspects a read-out in the unit's computercenter. The unit's two computers-located justoutside the coronary care unit-are availableto doctors at any time. Using them, physicianscan assess precisely what is going on with anindividual patient. Using the storage and dis­play capabilities of the computers, physicianscan quickly find out what has happened to pre­vious patients treated in a similar situation.23blood in a more normal fashion after an attack.Dr. David B. Skinner, Chairman of the Departmentof Surgery, and others are conducting pioneering studieson various heart-assist devices to sustain victims ofsevere heart attacks for periods long enough to determinethe extent and location of damage to the heart and thenature of treatment required. Two important deviceshave been introduced in the recent past. One is an artifi­cial pump, which is attached by vacuum to the patient'sheart and is operated by air pressure to maintain theheart's pumping action. Another is a slender ballonattached to a catheter which is inserted into the femoralartery in the leg and introduced into the aorta, the mainartery leading from the heart. The balloon is inflated inphase with each heart beat, precisely when the heart isrelaxing, driving blood into the heart. Dr. Skinner alsois collaborating with other specialists, includingengineers, in developing an artifical heart whichultimately may obviate the necessity of heart transplants.Or. Paul V. Harper stands in the entrance to the medical cyclotron, usedfor projects in nuclear medicine.At the same time, research is going forward on non­invasive techniques for supporting the heart which is fail­ing as a pump. One of these is known as the Cardiassist,which involves encasing the patient's legs in a rigid plas­tic box surrounding a water bladder and forcing bloodback into the heart to improve its own blood supply,and keep the heart alive, by carefully timed pressureson the legs.Major strides are being made in diagnosing the extentof damage suffered by heart attack victims. Dr. Paul V.Harper, Professor of Surgery and Radiology and one ofthe nation's foremost experts in nuclear medicine, anda number of his colleagues are employing radioactiveisotopes to determine precisely how severely the heartmuscle has been damaged by a severe attack, exactlywhere the damage lies, and how well blood is flowinginto the heart from the diseased coronary vessels. Suchinformation has vastly increased the doctor's ability toaccurately determine the extent of a patient's illness andto assess the effectiveness of particular treatments.24 Dr. Harper's isotopes are developed in a small cyclo­tron in the University's Franklin McLean MemorialResearch Institute. One of these-radioactiveammonia-is injected into an arm vein and its movementin the blood stream and distribution in the heart is"photographed" by a special camera. (The isotope activ­ity is greatest in those areas of the heart which are notcompromised by diseased vessels.) Since this procedureis fairly innocuous to the sensitive heart, it may be con­ducted several times a day if need be, thereby allowingthe progress of the patient's disease to be ascertained.Another noninvasive approach now being developedpromises to alert doctors to the sudden changes of theheart's function which often accompany a heart attack.Scientists have developed a pencil-size probe that sendssound waves into the heart from outside the skin. Thereflected waves are analyzed as they return the bound­aries of the four heart chambers and their valves-reveal­ing the actual size of each chamber, the integrity of thecontraction of the heart, and the amount of blood it ispropelling through the circulatory system. Thistechnique, known as echocardiography, promises to beespecially useful and particularly applicable to the illpatient.Physical PlanningThrough these diverse but well-coordinated studies,physicians and scientists are gaining a much more pro­found understanding of the heart's function in health anddisease. Rapidly evolving diagnostic procedures alreadypermit doctors to determine with great precision theextent of damage the heart has suffered after a severeattack and whether continued medical or surgical therapyis needed. Various tools now being used, many perfectedquite recently, enable them to predict which patients arelikely to develop particular complications, such as abnor­mal heart rhythms or heart failure, and which patients'illnesses will be uncomplicated. Noninvasive techniquesnow used extensively and novel therapeutic techniquesnow being introduced will have profound effects on theoverall efficiency of health care delivery.The new Cardiology Center will require 15,000 squarefeet of contiguous space. This is not available now. For­tunately, however, the seventh floor of the Charles Gil­man Smith Hospital is set back approximately 72 feetfrom the north end of the sixth floor. By constructingan additon to the seventh floor to expand it to the fullarea of the other floors and moving facilites now on thatfloor to other areas in the hospitals, an appropriate layoutfor the new center can be realized.The total cost estimate of $2,130,000 assumes thatarchitectural design work can start in April, 1974, andthat occupancy can be achieved by August, 1976. TheUniversity is confident that support for cardiologicalresearch will be forthcoming, as it has in the past, fromgifts and grants from individuals, foundations, and otherprivate sources and also from the National Institutes ofHealth. However, no federal funds are available for con­struction or for equipment. Financing for the new Car­diology Center therefore must be secured entirely fromprivate sources.Council for the BiologicalSciences and The PritzkerSchool of MedicineThe Board of Trustees of The University ofChicago approved recently the formation of aCouncil for the Biological Sciences and ThePritzker School of Medicine. The group consistsof individuals from various professions and back­grounds who have a commitment to seeking so­lutions for the nation's medical and biologicalproblems.The Board created the Council because ofincreasing complexities in modern medicine andhealth care. It is hoped that the Council willbecome familiar with and involved in the pro­grams and plans of the University's Division ofthe Biological Sciences, which includes ThePritzker School of Medicine, the eight basic sci­ence departments, and eleven hospitals andclinics. In addition, Council members have rolesto serve as advisors and consultants to the Deanand his staff in matters of community and publicinterest. There will be at least two Council meetings eachyear. The first meeting was held on October 29,1973, which provided members with anintroduction to the Division and the medicalschool. In following years this fall meeting willserve as the Dean's annual meeting at which astate of the Division report will be made. InJanuary there will be a full-day session on cam­pus of talks and tours relating to topics of specialinterest. There may be a similar half-day meetingin June.Appointments to the Council are for three years.Chairman of the Council is A.N. Pritzker. Mem­bership invitations were sent out by GaylordDonnelly and A.N. Pritzker. Listed below are thecurrent members of the Counci I.Mr. George Beadle, a former Presidentof the University, is an HonoraryTrustee and the William E. Wrather Dis­tinguished Service Professor in theDepartment of Biology and the College.He is a Nobel laureate.Mr. Orville C. Beattie is chairman of theboard of A.S. Hansen, Inc., actuarialconsultants with offices in Chicago andLake Bluff, Illinois.Mr. Nathan Bederman is a retired presi­dent of the Arcole Midwest Corporationand resides in Palm Beach, Florida. Hisgrandson was admitted to The PritzkerSchool of Medicine in 1973.Mr. Benjamin Bensinger, a Trustee ofthe University, is chairman of the Bruns­wick Corporation.Mr. Philip D. Block, Jr., a UniversityTrustee, is chairman of the executivecommittee of Inland Steel Company. Heretired as chairman and chief executiveofficer of the company in June, 1971.Mr. Theodore Chanock is the owner of Chanock and Chanock , a communityantenna television firm in Beverly Hills,California. His son, Robert, received anM.D. degree from The Pritzker Schoolof Medicine in 1947. His grandson, Fos­ter, was admitted to the College in 1970.Mr. Nathan Cummings heads Con­solidated Foods Corporation of NewYork City. He was a principal donor tothe recently completed Cummings LifeScience Center.Dr. Catherine Lindsay Dobson, ('30) aspecialist in obstetrics and gynecology,has a private practice in Chicago and isalso a member of the Clinical AssociateStaff at Chicago Lying-in Hospital. Sheis currently president of the MedicalAlumni Association.William E. Fay, Jr., is executive vicepresident and director of Smith, Barneyand Company. He is a member of theCitizens Board of The University ofChicago and a trustee of NorthwesternUniversity. Mr. Maxwell Myles Geffen is chairmanof the board of Family HealthMagazine, a New York City-based pub­lication. Mr. Geffen was formerly pub­lisher of Medical World Nell's.Mr. Oscar Getz is chairman of the boardand director of Barton Brands. Inc .. ofChicago. He is a director of the WorldRehabilitation Fund, Inc .. of New YorkCity.Dr. Robert Joy Glaser became presidentand a trustee of the Oakland, California­based Henry J. Kaiser Family Founda­tion in July. 1972, resigning from the po­sition of vice president and trustee of theCommonwealth Fund in New York.Mr. Stanford J. Goldblatt. a member ofthe Citizens Board of The University ofChicago. is a vice president of GoldblattBrothers, Inc., Chicago.Dr. John Green, Jr .. maintains a privatepractice in Des Moines. Iowa. He is aUniversity of Chicago alumnus. (,46).Mr. Robert Hartman is president of25Arvey Corporation. He also serves asvice president of the board of directorsof Chicago Boys Clubs.Mr. Hunt Hamill is with Bacon, Whipple& Company and is director ofTechnological Advancements, Inc.Mr. J. Ira Harris is a partner at SalomonBrothers, an investment banking firm inChicago.Dr. Charles Huggins is the William B.Ogden Distinguished Service Professorin the Ben May Laboratory and a Nobellaureate.Mr. Wallace D. Johnson is president ofHowe, Barnes and Johnson, Inc., inChicago.Mr. Lawrence A. Kimpton is a Trusteeand former President of the University.He is a retired vice president of butserves as an assistant to the chairmanand director of Standard Oil Company.Mr. Martin J. Koldyke is a partner inthe Fontenec Company, Inc., ofChicago.Dr. Clayton G. Loosli is a Ph.D.lM.D.graduate of The University of Chicagoin 1937. He is a former dean of the University of Southern California Medi­cal School and is still a doctor there,specializing in respiratory diseases.Mr. John D. Mabie is president of Mid­Continent Capital, Inc., in Chicago. Hisfather, William D. Mabie, received hisPh.B. degree from The University ofChicago in 1924 and is on the CitizensBoard.Mr. Elmer L. Nicholson is chairman ofthe board and president of the CN AFinancial Corporation. He has held thisposition since 1971, when he moved toChicago from Philadelphia.Mr. Lyle E. Packard is founder of thePackard Instrument Company, a scien­tific and medical instruments firm.Dr. Clarence C. Reed, a plastic surgeon,is affiliated with St. Francis Hospital inLynwood, California, and has a privatepractice in nearby Downey. He is a 1924graduate of The University of Chicago.Mr. Joseph Regenstein, Jr., a UniversityTrustee, is also a member of the VisitingCommittee on the School of Social Ser­vice Administration. Mr. Regenstein ischairman of Arvey Corporation, a man­ufacturer of laminated papers, en­velopes, advertising displays, etc. He is(left to right) Mrs. Robert Hartman, Robert Hartman, and Joseph Regen­stein at the first council meeting.26 a member of the board of trustees ofMichael Reese Hosptial and MedicalCenter and a member of the Northwest­ern University Associates.Dr. John Shedd Schweppe is a memberof the research department at ChicagoWesley Memorial Hospital.Mr. Earl W. Shapiro is with Goldman­Sachs in Chicago. The Shapiros are thefounders of Sweetheart Cup Corporationand its parent company, Maryland CupCorporation of Baltimore. Until re­cently, Mr. Shapiro was vice presidentof distribution for Sweetheart Cup.Dr. Harold L. Thompson is a retiredphysician and surgeon residing in LosAngeles. He received his M.D. degreefrom The University of Chicago in 1924.Mr. John Earl Thompson is president ofReliable Packing Company and owner ofan experimental animal farm. He is agraduate of the University High Schooland has A.B. and M.B.A. degrees fromThe University of Chicago.Mrs. William Fischer Wrigley is theowner of Fischer Chemco, Inc., a chem­ical company now based in Chicago,which was originally based in NewYork.(left to right) Elmer Nicholson, Nathan Bederman, Oscar Cerz. and OrvilleBeattie confer during the first post-meeting reception.Senior Scientific SessionThe 27th annual Senior Scientific Session sponsored bythe Me?ical Alumni Association was held on May 15,1973. EIghteen seniors presented their research, and theirabstracts appear below.Dr. Hywel Madoc-Jones received the Medical AlumniPrize for the best oral presentation for his research on"The Role of the Serum Supplement in Control ofProliferation of Cultured Mammalian Cells." Dr.Madoc-Jones also received the John Van ProhaskaAward for outstanding potential in teaching, research,and clinical medicine, and the Nels M. StrandjordMemorial Award for outstanding performance in thegeneral field of radiology. He received his awards at theMedical Alumni Banquet on June 7. Dr. Madoc-Jonesis now an intern at The University of Chicago.Chairman of this year's Senior Scientific Session wasPhilip C. Hoffmann, Associate Professor of Phar­macology. Assisting him were Dr. Louis Cohen ('53),Associate Professor of Medicine, Dr. Frank Fitch (' 53),Professor of Pathology, and Jack T. Stem, AssistantProfessor of Anatomy.Anatomic Centers for Autoregulation of theCerebral CirculationBy Charles ChumanSponsor: Dr. John F. MullanThe lateral hypothalamus and its descending tracts weresti":lul�ted stereotaxically in 12 rhesus monkeys using aradI?nICS square wave stimulator while measuring sys­temic blood pressure, respiratory rate, intracranial pres­sure, and cerebral blood flow. The latter was determinedby liga�ion of the external carotid artery and placing amagnetic flow probe on the common carotid at the baseof the neck. The object was to discover what role ifany, the lateral hypothalamus plays in the autoregulationof the cerebral vasculature.Two pieces of evidence suggest such a function. (I) Efforts to locate a center causing diffuse cerebral edemaestablished that trauma in the region of the dorsal medialnucleus of the hypothalamus produced a marked, instan­taneous rise in intracranial pressure in roughly half theanimals studied. (2) Since the lateral hypothalamus andits descending tracts are central to the integrated controlof peripheral autonomic responses, this area, by implica­tion, may be involved in coordinating intracranialautonomic effects with those in the periphery.Therefore, a region lying between the third ventricleand internal capsule and extending down into the brainstem was explored at 55 separate sites with a total of307 stimulations. Two-thirds of the stimulations pro­duced a rise in systemic blood pressure accompanied bya proportionally lesser rise or a decrease in cerebralblood flow. The blood pressure rise was always gradualand required up to one-half minute to reach its new level.The increase in pressure was accompanied by a pro­nounced increase in heart rate and usually by two-foldincrease in respiratory rate. The cerebral blood flow onthe other hand, changed almost instantaneously with' theonset of the stimulation and usually remained at its newlevel despite any subsequent changes in the systemicblood pressure. Intracranial pressure, if it increased atall, rose with the same pattern as shown by the systemicblood pressure. One-tenth of the stimulations producedno change in systemic blood pressure but caused adecline in the cerebral blood flow which was almostinstantaneous. One-fourth of the stimulations produceda rise or fall in the systemic blood pressure accompaniedby a proportionate and parallel change in cerebral bloodflow.Localization of the site of stimulation was verified bymaking lesions after stimulating at each point and sub­sequently sectioning the brain. The pressor decreased­flow response was found to have been most easily elicitedCharles Chuman27by stimulation in the lateral hypothalamic area, theperiaquaductal gray, and the pontine reticular formation,although it could be elicited elsewhere. This evidencesuggests that in the anesthetized rhesus monkey neuron­genic vasoconstriction of the cerebral vasculature isactivated in concert with sympathetic outflow to theperipheral cardivascular system and that this responsecan be coordinated at a level at least as high as thehypothalamus.The Significance of Intraluminal and Extralumi­nal Pressures at the Cardia and Its Relationshipto Gastroesophageal RefluxBy G. Robert CooleySponsors: Dr. Abdool R. Moosa and Dr. David B. SkinnerThe intraluminal high pressure zone (HPZi) at the cardiaresponding to gastrointestinal hormones has been takento signify the pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter.No anatomical sphincter has been demonstrated in manor the rhesus monkey. An extraluminal intraperitonealhigh pressure zone (HPZ,) was recently demonstratedat the cardia but its significance remains unclear.Seventeen rhesus monkeys were evaluated with stan­dard esophageal manometry and with pH determiniationsof lower esophageal contents and with pH determinationsof lower esophageal contents. Six were refluxers [pH 4.0& HPZi 2.6 ± 2.6 mm Hg (95% confidence levels)] andeleven nonrefluxers, (pH 4.0 & HPZi 5.3 ± 3.3).Laporotomy was performed in six refluxing and six non­reftuxing monkeys and two catheters were sutured, oneto the external surfaces of the cardia and the other tothe anterior stomach 5 ern distally. The catheters werebrought to the exterior and the abdomen closed. Thereaf­ter, intraluminal and intraperitoneal pressures weremeasured concurrently. Gastrin, secretin, and cholecys­tokinin were infused at various rates and the pressuremeasurements repeated. pH studies were monitoredperiodically.The HPZi and HPZe for the nonrefluxers were 5.8± 3.9 and 18.2 ± 81. respectively. The correspondingvalues for the reftuxers were 2.8 ± 2.8 and -5.1 ± 10.6.Irrespective of the HPZi, no monkey with HPZe greaterthan 10 mm Hg refluxed. All three hormones had mildtransient effects on the HPZi without effecting HPZe orthe reflux status of either group.Two nonrefluxing monkeys underwent fundic resec­tions to eliminate the angle of His and three nonrefluxinghad an esophagogastrectomy with replacement of thelower esophagus with a stomach tube. None of the fivemonkeys refluxed post-operatively and the mean HPZiremained unaltered.I t is concluded that external factors acting on theabdominal segment of the esophagus are more importantin preventing reflux than any true sphincter under hor­monal control.28 C. Robert CooleyThe Catalytic Mechanism of Ascorbate OxidaseBy Stephen BursteinSponsor: Dr. John WestleyCatalysis by the blue copper protein, ascorbate oxidase,can best be described as a multiple-displacementmechanism with kinetically insignificant ternary com­plex.Steady-state kinetic constants for ascorbate oxidasecatalysis were determined for the reductant substratesL-ascorbate, reductate and D-araboascorbate. Maximumvelocity for ascorbate and araboascorbate are the same,as was previously known for ascorbate and reductate.Although the Michaelis constant varies substantiallyamong these compounds, that for oxygen does not.These data are in accord with a multiple displacementformal catalytic cycle in which four reductant anionsreduce the active site copper(II) to yield four productfree radicals and four enzymic reducing equivalents. Arate-limiting unimolecular step follows the entry ofoxygen. One permutation of such mechanisms impliesthe accumulation of an enzyme-peroxide complex; itsslow decomposition would explain the classical reactioninactivation of the enzyme.Ascorbate oxidase as isolated was homogeneous bygel electrophoresis but contained inactive catalytic sites,which could be activated by reduction in the absenceof oxygen. The enzyme was more active in 7.9 percentmethanol than in water.Mechanistic considerations suggest that the enzymecould be an oxygenase, perhaps a hydroxylase, whichadventitiously catalyzes the ascorbate oxidase reaction.This work provides complementary insight into someknown catalytic properties of other blue cuproproteins,and it clarifies the probable catalytic mechanism of somemixed-function oxygenases, such as dopamine-betahydroxylase, tryosinase, proline hydroxylase, lysinehydroxylase, and the microsomal hydroxylases, includ­ing many of the steroid hydroxylases.Stephen BursteinViscosity in DMSO Treated BloodBy Richard E. BergerSponsor: Dr. Robert ReplogleIn view of recent reports concerning the successfultherapeutic use of intravenous dimethylsulfoxide in thetreatment of acute spinal cord injuries and previousreports of stabilization of certain cellular membranes,experiments were undertaken to determine if intravenousDMSO affected the rate of 02 delivery.Using the model HR-l cone-in-cone rheogonimeter,whole blood viscosity, whole blood viscosity with he­matocrit adjusted to 50 percent, plasma viscosity, andcalculated yield shear stress of whole blood were deter­mined daily for a five-day period in three healthy mongreldogs after the intravenous injection of 2.5 gm/kg of a40 percent solution of dimethysulfoxide. Each dog servedas its own control. At least six viscosity measurementswere performed on each sample at shear rates varyingfrom .005 sec -1 to 50 sec -1. Hematocrit, hemoglobin,wbc, platelets, clotting time, bilirubin, creatinine, plasmaosmolarity, • fibrinogen, and electrolytes were alsomeasured daily and correlated with changes in measuredviscosities. The hematocrit decreased, the slope of theCasson plot (x/shear stress vs. x/shear rate) increasedto approximately three times control values, and the cal­culated yield shear stress decreased to approximately onethird control values for whole blood the first day postinjection. The values gradually returned to control valuesduring the five-day period. Adjusting each hematocritto 50 percent decreased the differences between con- trol and post injection values but did not abolish them.The results were consistent with the hypothesis thatthe intravenous injection of DMSO causes an immediatedecrease in blood viscosity independent of hematocrit.Richard E. Bergerlocalization of Sialyltransferase Activity in thePlasma Membrane of Cultured Mouse Neuro­blastoma CellsBy Stephen J. BittnerSponsor: Dr. A.C. StoolmillerParticulate cell fractions from a clonal strain of mouseneuroblastoma cells (N B41 A) contain sialyltransferaseactivity which catalyzes the formation of hematoside(GM3 from CMP-['4C]-sialic acid and both endogenousand exogenous lactosylceramide (G L-2a). Kineticparameters of this sialyltransferase were studied with aparticulate fraction which sedimented between 10,000and 105,000 x g. The incorporation of radioactivity wasproportional to protein added and times of incubationup to 30 minutes. The reaction was dependent on deter­gents and divalent metal ions and exhibited maximalactivity at pH 5.9 toward both endogenous and exogen­ous (Ks, = 1.5 x JO -5 M) GL-2a. Following gentlehomogenization and low-speed centrifugations, the post­mitochondrial cell membranes were fractionated on dis­continuous sucrose gradients containing 15 mM CsC!.The plasma membrane-enriched fraction contained 94percent of the sialyltransferase activity and more than95 percent of the 5'-nucleotidase activity. Electron mi­croscopy showed that this fraction consisted of smoothmembranous vesicles and some multi lamellar structures.When membrane isolations were performed with cellsgrown in the presence of ['4CI-mannosamine, whichlabels the sialic acid moieties of gangliosides and glyco-proteins, the plasma membrane-enriched fraction con­tained 87 percent of the radioactivity, indicating thatsialyltransferase and its respective products are mutuallypresent at the cell surface.Stephen]. BittnerAntibody-Enzyme Conjugates with Specific Bac­tericidal ActivityBy Daniel M. KnowlesSponsor: Dr. John SkoseyA specific in vitro bactericidal system utilizing a peroxidegenerating enzyme chemically linked to antibacterialantibody was developed. Rabbit antisera produced byintravenous hyperimmunization with bacteria were frac­tionated by chromatography on DEAE cellulose, andIgG fraction was conjugated to glucose oxidase by dieth­ylmalonimidate. The test organisms and antibacterialantibody-enzyme conjugates were incubated to facilitateantibody attachment and then washed to remove excessconjugate. Peroxidase, glucose, and iodide were addedand the mixture incubated at 37° C for two hours withsampling for bacterial viability by enumerating colonycounts. Glucose oxidase conjugated to antibody gener­ates hydrogen peroxide and peroxidase catalyzes thereduction of hydrogen peroxide with the simultaneousoxidation of 1- and the halogenation and killing of thetest bacteria. Controls included all possible incompletereagent combinations: Potent in vitro bactericidal activityby this system was repeatedly demonstrated forantibody-enzyme conjugates against pneumococci, strep­tococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis,Pseudominas aerugenosa, and Escherichia coli. No bac­tericidal effect was demonstrated with antibody-enzymeconjugates and two test strains of Pseudomonasaeuginosa. All controls failed to exhibit bactericidal30 actrvrty. Two strains of S. aureus, recovered from apatient with subacute bacterial endocarditis, were killedin vitro by IgG from the patient conjugated to glucoseoxidase. The bactericidal activity of the conjugatesappeared to parallel the opsonic potency of un conjugatedIgG. Specificity of reactions were clearly demonstrable.Specific antibody-enzyme conjugates may prove to bea practical approach applicable to therapeutically difficulthuman injections.Daniel M. KnowlesFine Structure and Histochemistry of theExocrine Pancreas After Duct LigationBy Andrew ChurgSponsor: Dr. Ward RichterPathologic changes in the first three weeks after ductligation have been examined in the exocrine pancreasof the dog and rat. Acinar cells showed two reactionpatterns: simplification of structure through loss ofzymogen granules, Golgi apparatus, and rough endoplas­mic reticulum; or cell death. Both these processes weremediated by autophagic vacuole formation. Ductal cellsshowed an opposite reaction, increasing in complexitythrough formation of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi.At the end of the experimental period, the exocrine pan­creas consisted only of dilated duct-like structures linedby a cell intermediate in morphology between acinar andductal cells. All of these lining cells were positive forcarbonic anhydrase, an enzyme normally found in theductular system. It is suggested that this end stage couldarise either by a process of total acinar cell loss and pro­liferation of duct cells, or by a process of dedifferentia­tion of acinar cells and differentiation of duct cells. Thecause of the progressive ductular distention is thoughtto be carbonic anhydrase mediated secretion of fluid intothe duct system. This animal model is compared to themorphologically similar pancreas of cystic fibrosis.Andrew ChurgOptical Activity and the Structure of Bio­MembranesBy David GordonSponsor: Dr. George HolzwarthThe measurement of circular dichroism (CD) and opticalrotatory dispersion (ORO) in the far ultraviolet has beenvaluable in establishing the secondary structure ofnumerous soluble proteins. Recently, attempts have beenmade to use CD and ORD spectroscopy to elucidateprotein conformation in several types of bio-membranes.The spectra obtained resemble those of an approximately40 percent helical soluble protein, but are substantiallydistorted and are shifted to the red by as much as 50A. Interpretation of these anomalies and their signifi­cance, however, has been obscured by substantialspectral artifacts arising from the particulate nature ofmembrane preparations. Conceptually, one may dividethese particulate artifacts into two types: (1) light scatter­ing, and (2) statistical effects of a small number of largeparticles per optical path. The object of this report hasbeen to clarify the interpretation of the membrane spectraby quantitatively calculating these artifacts.The erythrocyte "ghost" served as the experimentalmembrane model. In the calculations, a membrane is rep­resented as a solvent-filled spherical shell 70 A thick and3.5 m in radius. Its optical constants were derived fromthose measured for detergent-solubilized" ghosts." Clas­sical electro-magnetic 'scattering theory was then usedto calculate the CD and ORO expected for a suspensionof intact "ghosts." These calculations completelyreproduce the anomalous features of the observed mem- brane spectra. Thus, one may confidently attribute theseanomalies to particulate artifacts and not to any uniquestructure or structural interaction of the membrane com­ponents.David CordonControl of Bleeding in Hereditary HemorrhagicTelangiectasia with DiethylstilbestrolBy Rudiger KratzSponsor: Dr. Louis CohenA 52-year-old woman with Hereditary HemorrhagicTelangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu Disease) had fre­quent nosebleeds as a child, but only few betweenpuberty and the age of 37 years. They then graduallybecame frequent. At age 41 years she developed conges­tive heart failure; at age 42 years she started to havedaily epistaxes, lost up to 250 ml of blood a day, andher hematocrits ranged from 10 to 35 percent. At age43 years she underwent hysterectomy and bilateraloophorectomy for bleeding fibroids. At age 44 years skingrafts were applied to both nasal septa, but they failedto control the bleeding. She required multiple hospitaliza­tions and blood transfusions for severe nosebleeds in thefollowing years, and she always had to carry a handbagfull of gauze material to pack her nose. At the age of46, a liver scan showed areas compatible with vascularmalformations.During her second admission to The University ofChicago Hospitals and Clinics at age 50, it was thoughtthat because of her freedom from symptoms during theyears of highest estrogen production, hormonal therapymight be helpful. Therefore diethylstilbestrol was begunin May, 1971. Since then, the patient has had only scantybimonthly nosebleed; within six months her hematocritwas normal. Her cardiac status has been stable. The31cutaneous telangiectasias regressed, but a liver scan after18 months of therapy suggested progression of hepaticarteriovenous dilatations. She is currently taking 3 mgsdiethylstilbestrol per day and has experienced no adverseeffects from the drug.Biopsies of two telangiectases from the lower lip, afterone and one-half years of treatment, showed a conspicu­ous deposition of collagen fibrils in the perivascular tissueon light and electron microscopy.These results confirm some previous reports whichdemonstrated that estrogens reduce the frequency andamount of bleeding in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telan­giectasia. The biopsy studies suggest that this improve­ment may be, at least in part, the result of a mechanicalbuttressing of the fragile telangiectatic blood vessels bycollagen.Rudiger KratzProlongation of Rabbit Renal Allograft Survivalwith Antidonor F(ab')z and IgGBy Arlen R. HolterSponsor: Dr. Frank StuartPassive immunization with antibody or its digestion pro­ducts was conducted in three series of rabbit renalallograft recipients. Each of five recipients was passivelyimmunized with 150 mg of intact antidonor IgG.Hyperacute rejection with massive cortical necrosisoccurred in all five rabbits. Four recipients received 250mg of antidonor pepsin digest Ftab'), intravenously;rejection was unmodified and occurred in first set fash­ion. In five additional recipients prolongation of graft sur­vival was seen in three of five rabbits that received asingle intravenous infusion of 200 mg of f(ab")« prior topassive immunization with intact IgG. These results sug­gest that intact antidonor antibody is injurious to rabbit32 renal allografts; that F(ab')2 alone is not injurious butneither does it prolong survival of renal allografts; andF(ab')2 followed by intact antibody not only blocks theinjury that would have resulted from intact antibodyalone, but, in some cases, leads to prolonged allograftsurvival.Arlen R. HolterAdherent Celis and Antigen in the Induction ofthe Humoral Immune Response in vitroBy Lee D. LesermanSponsor: Dr. Donald RowleyA population of cells which adheres to the surface oftissue culture dishes and a population of cells which doesnot adhere are required for the antibody response of dis­sociated mouse spleen cells to sheep erythrocytes. Thenonadherent population contains two cell types whichare required: thymus and bone marrow derivedlymphocytes. The role of the third cell type, present inthe adherent population, and its interaction with antigenwas examined in the study reported here.The antibody response in vitro is characterized by anexponential increase in plaque-forming cells, whichbegins in two days and reaches a peak four or five daysafter immunization. Adherent cells which have interactedwith antigen are required for a least the first two daysof the response. This is deduced from experiments whereit was possible to eliminate from cultures at various timesafter immunization either adherent cells but not antigenor antigen but not adherent cells. This dissection of theresponse was made possible by using an alloantiserumdirected against adherent cells, a syngeneic antiserumdirected against sheep erythrocytes, or by treating cul­tures with ammonium chloride which eliminates antigenfrom cultures without injuring cells.The findings are consistent with the concept thatadherent cells which have localized antigenic materialon their cell surfaces focus the interaction of thymus­derived cells or their products and bone-marrow-derivedcells and that this interaction is required for the prolifera­tion and synthesis of antibody by the bone­marrow-derived lymphocytes.Lee D. LesermanOperant Behavior Increases Ne Metabolism mthe Rat BrainBy Alfred J. LewySponsor: Dr. Lewis SeidenRats were trained to press a lever which caused a dipperto deliver water reinforcement on a variable interval 30-second schedule. This schedule produces random rein­forcement, averaging 30 seconds between behaviorallyelicited reinforcements during lever-pressing behavior.After two weeks of training, rats were injected withtritiatednorepinephrine eH-NE) into the lateral ventricleof the brain through an indwelling cannula andimmediately placed in the operant chambers. After com­pletion of the post-injection two-hour performance ses­sion, rats were decapitated and the brainstem­diencephalons assayed for 3H-NE, engenous NE, andspecific activity of NE.When compared to both water-deprived and non­deprived untrained control groups similarly injected with3H-NE, rats performing in the operant situation had anapproximately 25 percent decrease in concentration of3H-NE and specific activity of Ne compared to a grouptrained in the operant situation but not performing at thetime of measurement of NE metabolism. In a third exper­iment locomotor activity, as measured in activity wheels,failed to increase NE metabolism. It is concluded that some aspect of performing in theoperant situation, other than training or locomotor activ­ity, increases NE metabolism. This is the opposite rela­tionship usually implied by most previous experimentsin which changes in behavior have been measured asa function of changes in brain metabolism. It seems thatbehavior and brain metabolism mutually interact.Alfred J. LewyRole of the Serum Supplement in Control ofProliferation of Cultured Mammalian CellsBy Hywel Madoc-JonesSponsor: Dr. Melvin GriemMost lines of mammalian cells in tissue culture stillrequire a serum supplement to the otherwise chemicallydefined culture medium in order to support optimalgrowth. For many cell lines the chief effect of the serumsupplement is to regulate the maximal cell densityattained. Chinese hamster V79 fibroblasts exhibit thisphenomenon and may be synchronized in the GI phaseby manipulating the concentration of serum in themedium. Cells may be triggered out of a GI block bya non-dialyzable component of the serum but are nottriggered by manipulating the amino acid concentration,particularly of glutamine and isoleucine, in marked con­trast to Chinese hamster CHO cells. Variations in thepH of the medium (affected in part by the serum concen­tration) were shown to influence maximal cell density,but the serum concentration effect was not explainablein terms of pH changes. Rather, it appears that, in theChinese hamster V79 cell line at least, pH is a minorfactor while serum concentration per se is the major fac­tor regulating maximal cell density attained. Possiblemechanisms for this role of the serum supplement arediscussed.33Hywel Madoc-JonesImmunological Aspects of Thyroid CarcinomaBy Theodore J. PysherSponsor: Dr. Leslie DeGrootTumor specific antigens on neoplastic cells are capableof eliciting an immune response in the tumor bearinghost. lfthe immune response is of the cell-mediated type,the host can possibly reject the tumor. If the responseis primarily one of humoral antibody production, tumorgrowth may actually be enhanced because of interferencewith cell-mediated immunity.Plasma from five patients with mixed papillary­follicular thyroid carcinoma were examined for the pres­ence of circulating antibody against normal or neoplasticthyroid tissue, using the indirect immunofluorescenttechnique. No evidence for such antibodies was found.Four of the five patients were also studied for the pres­ence of cell-mediated immunity against homogenates ofthyroid carcinoma, using the migration inhibition factor(MIF) assay. MIF is one of a number of solublemediators released by thymus-dependent lymphocytesupon exposure to antigen to which the lymphocytes hasbeen presensitized. Cultures of leukocytes from threeuntreated thyroid cancer patients and two normal volun­teers failed to produce MIF in the presence of a numberof thyroid tumor homogenates, but cultures from apatient who had received multiple therapeutic doses of131 I were responsive to all tumors studied.One of the unresponsive patients received intradermalinoculations of autochthonous tumor with B. pertussisvaccine as adjuvant as well as 131 I therapy. Leukocytesobtained within a few weeks produced MIF uponexposure to tumor homogenate in culture with autolo­gous and homologous plasma. After four months thisresponse no longer was obtained if cultures were carriedout in autologous plasma, while the response of culturescarried out in normal human plasma continued to be posi-34 tive. Immunofluorescent studies performed at this timefailed to demonstrate antibodies directed against normalor malignant thyroid antigens.These results suggest that while patients with thyroidcarcinoma may initially be immunologically unresponsiveto their tumors, responsiveness may be induced by activeimmunization, or, possibly, by 1311 therapy. Apparenttolerance may follow this period of active immunity dueto the appearance of plasma blocking factors, which arenot simply antibodies covering target cell antigens.Theodore J. PysherIdentification of a Ribonuclease Associated withan RNA Tumor VirusBy Kenneth L. McClainSponsor: Dr. Werner KirstenRNA tumor viruses cause sarcomas, lymphomas, andleukemias in a wide variety of animal species rangingfrom reptiles to mammals. The high molecular weightRN A genome is used as a template for the transcriptionof RN A to DN A and RN A. Studies on the RN A contentofthese viruses have been hampered by their susceptibil­ity to degradation by ribonucleases (RNase), which arefound in the tissue-culture growth medium and in thevirus itself.A method based upon differential sedimentation ve­locites was developed, which efficiently separates tissue­culture growth virus from cellular debris and exogenousribonucleases. 3H-uridine-Iabeled virus was collected fortwo hours from mouse cells which relase a mouseleukemia virus (MuLY). The virus was purified anddeproteinized with sodium dodecyl sulfate. This proce­dure yielded homogeneous peaks of RN A with amolecular weight of 107 and 104 by polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis.MuL V purified from sucrose gradients and incubatedwith unlabeled ribosomal RN A for eight hours in buffercaused degradation of 70 percent of ribosomal markerRNA but not the viral RNA. This finding suggested thatthe virus contained an RNase either adherent to theexternal coat or present within the outer capsules. Toexclude the possibility that this RNase activity was acontaminant from the growth medium, experiments weredesigned to test the pH and Mg + + requirements of theRN ases from growth medium and the virus. A virus­associated RNase was identified as a distinct enzyme.Since RNA-tumor viruses bud from the cell wall, theRNase may be an acquired host-cell enzyme or anRNase specifically coded for by the viral genome.Kenneth L. McClainThe Use of Histidase for the Study of AmnioticCell Origin and HistidinemiaBy David M. OtaSponsor: Dr. Aron MosconaSince all of the available information about the tissueorigin of amniotic cells has been based upon morphologyand histochemical staining, a more objective approachfor studying amniotic cell origins is to use a biochemicalmarker. The enzyme histidase, which catalyzes thedeamination of histidine to urocanic acid and ammonia,proved to be a useful tracer of fetal epidermis becauseof its unique hepato-epidermal tissue distribution. Sincefetal epidermis is a likely source of amniotic cells, histi­dase activity in human fetal epidermis and amniotic cellswas studied. Whereas fetal skin contains histidase activ­ity as early as 20 weeks gestation, no histidase activitywas seen in other fetal and extrafetal tissues that couldexfoliate cells into amniotic fluid. Presence of histidaseactivity in amniotic cells was found to be dependent on gestational age. appearing only at term and, even then,having a wide variability in specific activity. Significanceof these results as to amniotic cell origins and the useof amniotic cells in the prenatal diagnosis of histidinemiais discussed.David M. OtaGlycoprotein Hormone-Receptor Interactions:Specific Testicular Binding of P25-FSHBy Stanley S. SchwartzSponsor: Dr. Arthur RubensteinThe polypeptide and glycoprotein hormones such asinsulin, oxytocin, ACTH, FSH, LH, and HCG arethought to bind and act at specific cell membrane recep­tors located in their target organs. As such, there hasbeen great interest in developing methods of identifyingand characterizing these hormone-receptor interactions-both from the point of view of defining the nature,properties, and characteristics of the interaction as wellas using the system as a specific and sensitive biologicalassay for the hormone. The system could then be usedto define immunologically reactive but biologically inef­fective hormones or to study receptor properties in vari­ous abnormal conditions.With these ideas and aims in mind, we have developedthe first receptor assay for a radio-iodinated FSH. Previ­ous attempts with a tritiated but not an iodinated FSHhad been successful until the importance of the iodinationprocedure in maintaining receptor binding potential ofthe hormone was realized. Tissue specific binding of Jl25FSH to rat testicular tissue, using iodinations yieldinglow specific activity hormone, has been demonstrated.Selected fractions containing aggregates gave the bestbinding. Specificity of the receptor was tested by usingthree different FSH preparations, LH, HCG, insulin,35albumin, and FSHa + f3 chains. Equal competition interms of biological activity was shown with the threeFSH preparations, showing binding activity parallelsbiological activity. Competition was seen with HCG butonly when one hundred times more HCG than FSH wasused. LH and insulin showed minimal degrees of compe­tition at very high concentrations. Albumin did not com­pete at all. Some competition was seen with FSH-7b-chains and to a much lesser extent with FSHa-chains.U sing this method, further work is now being done,defining the properties and characteristics of thehormone-receptor interaction as well as its interactionwith cyclic AMP. Recently, we have used the same prin­ciples in developing an assay for radio-iodinated insulinbinding to frog skin epithelium and are in the midst ofperforming similar experiments to the above in this sys­tem.Stanley S. SchwartzImmunologic Alteration of the Growth of Estab­lished Malignant Tumors.By James WrightSponsor: Dr. Robert WisslerThe immunologic control of established foci of neoplasticgrowth is an important goal in the rapidly developingfield of tumor immunology. The results of this studyindicate that immunologic therapy initiated after thetumor is well established results in a significantly greatervariation in tumor growth response when compared tothe growth of tumors in animals receiving no therapy.In some instances tumor growth is greatly inhibited; inothers it is enhanced.Male Buffalo rats were recipients of a subcutaneouslytransplanted autochthonous tumor, Morris hepatomaM5123. The tumor grows rapidly subcutaneously and36 produces death by metastases within 40 to 50 days inthe untreated animal. This animal model is useful forstudying the immunologic alteration of tumor growth,since this tumor, like many human tumors, produces nodetectable immunologic reaction in the untreatedrecipient.Treatment was begun after the transplanted tumorsreached a size of about 2 ern" +, so that a situation appli­cable to human clinical experience might be reasonablyapproximated. The control groups were either untreatedor were treated with pertussis vaccine and irradiated livercells injected intradermally at some distance from thegrowing neoplasm. The experimental groups weretreated with pertussis vaccine and either hepatoma cellmembranes or irradiated tumor cells combined withbovine serum albumin (BSA) or with methylated BSA.In this laboratory these specific therapeutic approacheshave consistently led to the enhancement of tumorgrowth when administered prior to tumor transplanta­tion.In none of the treated groups was there a significantdifference from the control groups in the mean rate oftumor growth. However, some tumors within the sametreated groups grew at more accelerated or much morediminished rates, suggesting that intradermal exposureto tumor antigens mixed with pertussis vaccine andmethylated BSA or BSA causes some animals to respondin ways that are characterized by either accelerated ordiminished tumor growth. This increased variability intumor growth is thought to represent a variability in theimmunologic response to tumor antigens. Unknown fac­tors may cause the immunologic response to tumorantigens to be committed to a pathway that eitherenhances or retards tumor growth. These opposing reac­tions may at times counteract each other. Work is under­way to develop ways of suppressing the enhancementreaction while augmenting the immunologic suppressionof tumor growth.James WrightNews BriefsNew Michael Reese AppointmentsEffective July 1, 1973, the followingappointments of full-time members ofMichael Reese Hospital and MedicalCenter to The Pritzker School ofMedicine have been made:Department of PediatricsTo rank of Associate Professor fortwo years: Dr. Eddie Stanley Moore.To rank of Associate Professor fortwo years: Dr. Nancy B. Esterly.To rank of Assistant Professor for twoyears: Dr. Lynne Levitsky.Department of MedicineTo rank of Associate Professor forthree years: Dr. Aaron B. Shaffer.To rank of Assistant Professor forthree years: Dr. Vincenzo Buonassisi.To rank of Assistant Professor forthree years: Dr. Howard Cohen.To rank of Assistant Professor forthree years: Dr. John N. Goldman.To rank of Assistant Professor forthree years: LeRoy Hirsch.To rank of Assistant Professor forthree years: Dr. Maximillian Stachura.To rank of Assistant Professor for oneyear: Dr. Ung Yun Ryo.To rank of Instructor for one year: Dr.Emanuel Arbel.To rank of Instructor for one year: Dr.Imtiaz Hamid.Cancer Center Construction FundedA major expansion of cancer researchand treatment programs through theestablishment of a new University ofChicago Cancer Research Center wasannounced August 21, 1973, by CasperWeinberger, Secretary of Health, Edu­cation and Welfare. The HEW Secretarymade the announcement after an addressat the American Health Congress meet­ing in Chicago's McCormick Place.Weinberger also announced a$4,291,352 United States constructiongrant to the University for Centerfacilities. It is a fiscal 1974 federal grantfrom the National Cancer Institute. Thisinitial grant will make possible the coor­dination in the new Center of the effortsof 103 faculty members and their staffsnow doing cancer research.It is an initial step in a federally fundedplan to develop such a Center at theUniversity under the expanded anti­cancer program authorized by theNational Cancer Act of 1971. TheUniversity has applied for additionaloperational funds for a three-year projectperiod. Cancer Virus Research LaboratoriesDr. John E. UltmannDr. John E. Ultmann, Professor in theDepartment of Medicine at the Univer­sity, will serve as director of the Center.The federal grant will be appliedtoward construction of a $5 millionCancer Virus Research LaboratoriesBuilding, expansion and modernizationof the Radiation Therapy Facility in theUniversity's Franklin McLean Memor­ial Research Institute (formerly theArgonne Cancer Research Hospital),and enlargement and consolidation ofcancer research laboratories in theUniversity's medical complex at 950East 59th Street, the ExperimentalBiology Building, 939 East 57th Street,and the new Cummings Life ScienceCenter, 920 East 58th Street.Under the terms of the award, theUniversity must raise additional privatefunds to match and supplement the gov­ernment's contribution. The total pro­gram involves an investment of$8,266,000. Gifts and pledges of approx­imately $2 million have been receivedtoward the project. The University isseeking an additional $2.3 million fromprivate sources.Named ProfessorshipsNotice was given of the appointment bythe President of the University, effective Josef FriedJuly I, 1973, of the following namedfaculty members to the named professor­ships indicated below:Josef Fried has been named to theLouis Block Professorship in the Biolog­ical Sciences Division. Mr. Fried is cur­rently Professor in the Departments ofChemistry and Biochemistry and in theBen May Laboratory.Robert Haselkorn has been named tothe Pritzker Professorship in BiologicalSciences. Mr. Haselkorn is currentlyProfessor in the Department of Bio­physics, Department of Chemistry, inthe Biological Sciences Collegiate Divi­sion, and in the Committees on Geneticsand Developmental Biology.Dr. Frank Newell has been named tothe James and Anna Louise RaymondProfessorship in The Pritzker School ofMedicine. Dr. Newell is currentlyProfessor and Chairman of the Depart­ment of Ophthalmology.Dr. Murray Rabinowit ; has beennamed to the Louis Block Professorshipin the Biological Sciences Division. Dr.Rabinowitz is currently Professor in theDepartments of Medicine and Bio­chemistry and in the Franklin Me LeanMemorial Research Institute.Dr. Ronald Singer has been named tothe Robert R. Bensley Professorship inBiology and Medical Sciences. Dr. Sin-37ger is currently Professor and Chairmanof the Department of Anatomy andProfessor in the Department ofAnthropology, in the Biological SciencesCollegiate Division and in the Commit­tees on Genetics and EvolutionaryBiology.Ira G. Wool ('53) has been named tothe A. J. Carlson Professorship inBiological Sciences. Mr. Wool is cur­rently Professor' in the Departments ofBiochemistry and Physiology and in theBiological Sciences Collegiate Division.Newly Established ProfessorshipsRobert B. Uret ; has been named to theRalph W. Gerard Professorship inBiological Sciences. Uretz is currentlya Professor in the Department ofBiophysics, in the Biological SciencesCollegiate Division, in the Committeeon Genetics, and Deputy Dean for theBasic Sciences.The Gerard Professorship has beenestablished as part of a $700,000 gift fromDr. and Mrs. Ralph W. Gerard ofCorona del Mar, California. Dr. Gerardwas a Professor of Physiology at theUniversity from 1928 to 1952 and hasjust recently retired as dean of thegraduate division at the University ofCalifornia at Irvine.Dr. Gerard (Rush '24) and Mrs.Gerard, the former Leona Bachrach, areboth alumni of The University ofChicago.Known for his pioneering work on thechemical and electrical activity of thebrain and the nervous system, Dr.Gerard has spent the last decade writingand lecturing extensively in thebehavioral sciences.Uretz is currently interested in under­standing the organization and structureof chromosomes and other condensednucleic acid structures as they exist insitu.Howard Guy Williams-Ashman hasbeen appointed the Maurice GoldblattProfessor in the Ben May Laboratory forCancer Research. Williams-Ashman is aProfessor in the Department ofBiochemistry and the Ben May Laborat­ory.The newly established professorshiphonors philanthropist MauriceGoldblatt, founder of the GoldblattBrothers, Inc., interstate departmentstore chain. Goldblatt founded theUniversity of Chicago Cancer ResearchFoundation (UCCRF) 26 years ago tosecure funds for the support of cancerresearch programs at the University.Williams-Ashman is a specialist in thebiochemistry of the male genital system,particularly its relationship to hormone­dependent cancers.38 Dr. James E. BowmanSickle Cell Center EstablishedThe University of Chicago has estab­lished a Comprehensive Sickle CellCenter. Establishment of the Center wasmade possible by a five-year grant by theNational Heart and Lung Institute of theU.S. Public Health Administration.Initial funding is $775,000 for the firsttwo years of operation, with the promiseof approximately $330,000 per year forthe remaining three years, for a total ofapproximately $1.75 million.Dr. James E. Bowman has beenappointed program director and principalinvestigator of the Center. Dr. Bowmanis Professor in the University's Depart­ments of Pathology and Medicine and inthe Committee on Genetics and the Col­lege. Named as deputy director of theCenter is Dr. John D. Madden,Associate Professor in the Departmentof Pediatrics and medical director of theWoodlawn Child Health Care Center.Dr. Leon O. Jacobson, Dean of theUniversity's Division of the BiologicalSciences and The Pritzker School ofMedicine, said that the Center's pro­grams will also involve a communitycomponent, which is to be directed bythe Mid-Southside Health PlanningOrganization. Bruce Mims will be aprogram director of this communitycomponent. The Michael Reese Hospi­tal and Medical Center will also partici­pate.A sickle cell educational exhibit willbe developed and built under the grantfor the Medical Hall of the Museum ofScience and Industry.The Center is one of 15 now supportedby the Public Health Service under theSickle Cell Anemia Control Act of 1972.Mellon Foundation GrantThe University of Chicago's Division ofthe Biological Sciences and The Pritzker School of Medicine have received a$350,000 career development grant fromthe Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.Receipt of the grant was announced byDr. Leon O. Jacobson, Dean of theDivision and the School.The grant is one of 15 awarded toprivate medical schools to help supportthe research efforts of selected youngteachers and investigators in the basicsciences, according to the New York­based foundation. The awards, statedthe foundation, "were made to schoolswhich have achieved especially dis­tinguished records in preparing teachersand research scientists for service inmedical schools."In announcing the new grants theFoundation's president, Nathan Pusey,said: "The funds are designed to enablethe deans of these schools, in the faceof threatened cutbacks in their budgets,to encourage a significant number of theablest of the emerging generation ofyoung scientists to advance their careersin medical education and research."Investigation in the medical sciencesand the training of succeeding genera­tions of scientists to carryon' this workcannot now be lessened without seri­ously setting back achievement of thatbasic medical understanding essential forimproved health care."The Andrew W. Mellon Foundationwas founded by Ailsa Mellon Bruce andPaul Mellon, children of Andrew W.Mellon, Secretary of the Treasury from1921 to 1932. The grants to medicalschools carryon the traditional interestin health and medicine begun by thefoundation's predecessor organizations,the Avalon and Old Dominion Founda­tions.Richard Taylor Appointed SurgeonGeneralThe Presidential nomination of MajorGeneral Richard R. Taylor (,46) for pro­motion to Lieutenant General withappointment as the Surgeon General ofthe United States Army was confirmedby the Senate on July 20, 1973.General Taylor's appointment becameeffective October 1, 1973, upon theretirement of Lieutenant General Hal B.Jennings, Jr. General Taylor has beenthe Deputy Surgeon General sinceMarch, 1973, having previously servedas the Commanding General, U.S.Army Medical Research and Develop­ment Command.Born in Prairieburg, Iowa, and rearedin Norton, Kansas, General Taylorgraduated from The University ofChicago School of Medicine in 1946.After internship at Highland-AlamedaCounty Hospital, Oakland, California,he entered active commissioned duty inthe army in 1947. He served hisresidency in internal medicine and car­diology at Letterman General Hospital,San Francisco, and in pulmonary diseaseat Fitzsimons General Hospital inDenver. He was certified by the Ameri­can Board of Internal Medicine in 1955.During 1953-54 General Taylor com­manded the 7th Medical Battalian, 7thInfantry Division, in Korea. In 1954 hejoined the special army hospitalorganized to study and treat hemorrhagicfever then afflicting United Nationstroops.After returning to the United States,he served as chief, Non-TB Chest Ser­vice of Fitzsimons General Hospital andwas appointed assistant clinical profes­sor of medicine at the University ofColorado School of Medicine. From1957 to 1959 he was deputy commanderof the U.S. Army Medical Research andDevelopment Command.From 1964 to 1965 he was chief,Biomedical Science Division, Office ofthe Director of Defense Research andEngineering in the Office of the Secre­tary of Defense. During 1969-70General Taylor served as command sur­geon, U.S. Military Assistance Com­mand, Vietnam.A fellow of the American College ofPhysicians and the American College ofChest Physicians, General Taylor rep­resents the army in the Division of Medi­cal Sciences of the National ResearchCouncil.General Taylor is a graduate of theCommand and General Staff Collegeand the Army War College. He was the1963 recipient of the John Shaw BillingsAward from the Association of MilitarySurgeons of the United States fordemonstrated leadership and potential inexecutive medicine.Drug-Free Addicts StudyAfter methadone, what? Can the narcot­ics addict ever abstain entirely fromdrugs? The University of Chicago hasreceived a grant from the NationalInstitute of Mental Health to seekanswers to these questions.The grant totals $1,240,000 in the firstyear of a recommended three-yearperiod. Additional sums will benegotiated in succeeding years to com­plete the study.Staff members of the University'sDepartment of Psychiatry in the Divi­sion of the Biological Sciences and ThePritzker School of Medicine and of theIllinois Drug Abuse Program (lDAP)will cooperate in the study. It willinvolve several hundred patients en- rolled in IDAP who volunteer to takepart in the project.Dr. Edward C. Senay is principalinvestigator for the study, which is"Methadone Therapy Research:Withdrawal and Psychobiology." Dr.Senay is Associate Professor in theUniversity's Department of Psychiatryand director of the Illinois Drug AbuseProgram. Associated with him on theproject are Dr. Pierre F. Renault andDr. John N. Chappel, both of TheUniversity of Chicago, and psycholog­ists, group leaders, and others fromIDAP. Dr. Chappel, Assistant Profes­sor in the Department of Psychiatry, ischief of medical services of IDAP. Dr.Renault, also an Assistant Professor inthe Department, is director of researchof IDAP.Dr. Senay feels that IDAP candevelop methods to get many methadonepatients entirely drug free. Methadone isa synthetic narcotic. Substitution ofmethadone for heroin has been adoptedin many states in the past decade as analternative to detoxification. Advocatesof methadone, Dr. Senay says, maintainthat it is as necessary to an addict asdigitalis to a heart patient or insulin toa diabetic."At present," he says, "there is insuf­ficient evidence to support the conten­tion that methadone maintenance mustbe a lifelong therapy. We now seeincreased numbers of methadonepatients seeking abstinence. We mustreturn to the question of detoxificationor withdrawal. "Key to withdrawal is the addict him­self, who must help determine how fasthe can go, Dr. Senay says. The projectwill be operated in groups of volunteersunder specially trained group leaders.Dr. Edward C. Senay Dr. Joseph B. KirsnerColitis May lead to CancerVictims of ulcerative colitis, multiplesmall ulcers of the large intestine, aremore vulnerable than others to boweland rectal cancer, according to Dr.Joseph B. Kirsner of The University ofChicago.Especially vulnerable are patients withyouthful onset of the disease and thosewith long-established ulcerative colitis,Dr. Kirsner commented recently in theJournal of the American MedicalAssociation, citing studies at TheUniversity of Chicago and the MayoClinic.In victims of ulcerative colitis whodevelop cancer of the bowel, Dr.Kirsner said, "the entire colon is vulner­able, and indeed the distribution of thecarcinoma is more diffuse than usual.The clinical activity of the colitis, appar­ently, is not a determining factor. Theincreased vulnerability to neoplasia isapparent also among patients with clini­cally quiescent disease."The recent introduction of fiber col­onoscopy-examination of the entirecolon by fiber optics-in experiencedhands is a helpful diagnostic addition.Dr. Kirsner reports. Current research onthe presence of cancer antigens in theblood of patients with cancer of thecolon and rectum offers hope of an addi­tional means of diagnosis some day, hesays. Present antigen detection methods,however, may indicate other types ofdisease as well, and today this approachcannot be depended upon absolutely.Dr. Kirsner, an internationally knowngastroenterologist, is Chief of Staff ofThe University of Chicago Hospitalsand Clinics. He is also Deputy Dean forMedical Affairs and the Louis BlockProfessor in the Department ofMedicine in the University's Division ofthe Biological Sciences and The PritzkerSchool of Medicine.39In MemoriamJoel Murray Ferguson, 1941-1973Gentleness and RespectDr. Joel Elisabeth Murray Fergusondied on May 21, 1973, in Chicago. Shewas 32. Dr. Ferguson was an AssistantProfessor of Medicine (Neurology).Her special academic interest wasexperimental neurophysiology, includingthe study of the manner in which aminoacids and other metabolites are trans­ported between the blood stream and thebrain tissue of mammals. She had hopedher studies would shed additional lighton the mechanisms of and possibletherapy for certain inherited diseases.She also studied the organic basis of lan­guage and other higher cortical func­tions.Dr. Ferguson received her B.S.degree from the University in 1962. In1966 she received her M.D. degree fromthe University. After internship at theUniversity of Washington hospitals inSeattle, she returned to the Universityas a resident in the Department ofMedicine's Section of Neurology. In1971 she became an Assistant Professorof Medicine.Her activities in both professional andcivic organizations included membershipin the American Academy of Neurology,the Chicago Neurological Society, andthe Neuroscience Society. Also, she wasa volunteer physician at the EnglewoodCommunity Health Center, which pro­vided care for underprivileged and indi­gent residents of the community.Dr. Ferguson was the widow of Dr.Lloyd Allen Ferguson ('60), who died onJanuary I, 1973. He had been anAssociate Professor of Medicine andAssistant Dean of Students in the Divi­sion of the Biological Sciences and ThePritzker School of Medicine.Victor H. Yngve, Professor of Lin­guistics, Psychology, the Committee onInformation Sciences, and the GraduateLibrary School, worked closely with Dr.Ferguson just before her death. HeThe Joel Murray Ferguson LoanFund for medical students has nowbeen established. This is aninterest-free loan fund and befitsDr. Ferguson's concern for allstudents. Contributions to the loanfund should be sent to the MedicalAlumni Association office, 1025East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois60637.40 stated the following impressions at amemorial service for Dr. Ferguson:"It began one day several years agowhen Sidney Schulman, the Ellen C.Manning Professor of Medicine, calledme on the telephone. I did not realize,or even suspect, that it was no ordinarycall. He had simply said that he had ayoung neurologist who was interested inlanguage, and he asked if I would be will­ing to talk to her."I met a young woman with quietpoise and self-assurance, and I caughta hint of purpose, a curiosity and desireto learn, and a basic integrity and compe­tence that could carry her far inresearch. I was much impressed. On thebasis of that first interview, we strucka bargain. She was to lead me intoneurology and related sciences, and Iwas to introduce her to linguistics andsome topics in the psychology of lan­guage."She took me to some of her patientsand I noted with a flash of recognitionthe gentleness and respect with whichshe handled them. I already knew thegentleness and respect with which shehandled ideas. She was a geritle person,and this was another of her beauties."Inevitably, she met my close group ofstudents and attended our informa semi­nars. She brought a refreshingly newpoint of view to the already diverse group,and the resulting discussions expandedmany young minds and awakened a senseof adventure and excitement. Her ownpresentations were always clear and tothe point, and my students have oftenexpressed the appreciation with whichthey were received and remarked on herpatience in explaining elementary mater­ial."The students were attracted at onceby her physical charm and her air ofcompetence. What came through wasthe honesty, the openness, the humility,the trust, and the generosity of spirit shepossessed. In her dealings with people,she gave of herself freely."Recently, she had been participatingin the plans to build a new academic unitat the University in the area of cognitionand communication. As the other mem­bers of this group became acquaintedwith her, they accepted her withenthusiasm. Her many unique qualitieswere quickly recognized and she wasslated to play an important role in theprogram. A new faculty member, whohas just joined the faculty to be in thisgroup, was attracted in part by theopportunity of working with Joel. On herpart she was looking forward to that pos­sibility with enthusiasm." 'Be ashamed to die until you havewon some victory for humanity,' HoraceMann once said. Joel lived a full life; she asked little and gave a lot. Although wemay think she had all too short a life,she won many victories, and the worldis a better place for the time she spentwith us."Percival Bailey, 1892-1973Beyond the Common Run of MenDr. Percival Bailey, 81, nationallyknown neurosurgeon, psychiatrist, andacademician, died on August 10, 1973.Dr. Bailey was born in Mt. Vernon,Illinois, which is the southern area com­monly known as the Ozarks. His familyname had been Boehler, of Germanorigin, but it was anglicized to Bailey byh is grandfather. He attended SouthernIllinois State Normal College, which isnow Southern Illinois University, butthen moved to Chicago to finish his workon a bachelor's degree in science at TheUniversity of Chicago in 1914.His M.D. degree came fromNorthwestern University, but the dayafter his 1918 medical school graduation,he also received a Ph.D. degree inanatomy from The University ofChicago. He joined the Universityfaculty in 1917, while still a graduate stu­dent, and taught on and off until 1939.In Inl Dr. Bailey made the first ofmany trips to France to study and workwith neurologist Pierre Marie. Hedeveloped a deep affection for the coun­try and its people. In 1949 he was namedto the French Legion of Honor for hiscontributions to medical science and forhis counsel to French doctors studyingAmerican progress in neurology.During the 1920s, Dr. Bailey jour­neyed to Boston frequently to work withHarvey Cushing at Peter Bent BrighamHospital. While Dr. Bailey gained intel­lectually from his Boston work, he andCushing indulged in frequent conflicts.It was during this period, however, thatDr. Bailey wrote his first landmarkpaper, "A Classification of the Tumorsof the Glioma Group on a HistogeneticBasis with a Correlated Study of Prog­nosis." This work became a permanentcomponent of neurological knowledge.Dr. Bailey rejoined The University ofChicago faculty in 1928, for his longestproductive Chicago period. The next 13years were his greatest. To the astonish­ment of some, he demonstrated his abil­ity as an outstanding neurological sur­geon, he made many contributions toneurological literature, and he trained agroup of students who flourished underhis tutelage and still honor his memory.After joining the University of IllinoisCollege of Medicine in 1939, he workedactively in tracing principal nervouspathways within the brain. This workconstantly brought him back to his firstdiscipline, structure. His later workinvolved the anatomy of the cerebralcortex in animals and man.In 1959 Dr. Bailey was appointeddirector of research at the Illinois StatePsychiatric Institute. Six years later hewas named director of research at thestate mental health department and heldthat position until 1967, when he retired.One of the greatest tributes to Dr.Bailey came in 1952 on his 60th birthday.More than 200 leading neurosurgeonsand neurologists from the United States,Canada, and Europe gathered InChicago to honor him. Many of theinvited guests were his former students.In that evening's program they wrote tohim:"To such a man whose science andhumanity, whose love and whose liferecognized no political frontiers; whorecognized no authorities but Truth andJustice; who taught us much but byexample, not by precept, we, his manypupils, express our appreciation and oursincere good wishes. .. "Alumni Deaths'03. Victoria Bergstrom, Chicago,Illinois, April 3, 1973, age 92.'16. Paul H. Rowe, Minot, NorthDakota, May 23, 1973, age 80.'19. Robert J. Hyslop, Freeport,Illinois, November 23, 1972, age 77.'19. Hedwig S. Kuhn, Hammond,Indiana, June 17, 1973, age 78.'19. John S. Lundy, Seattle, Washing­ton, April 26, 1973, age 79.'21. Henry C. Sweany, Columbia,Missouri, April 29, 1973, age 83.'22. Herman H. Huber, Milwaukee,Wisconsin, February 15, 1973, age 73.'23. Maximilian B. Kneussl, Ottawa,Illinois, June 9, 1973, age 76.'23. Virgil Wippern, Chicago, Illinois,January 19, 1973, age 72.'24. Herbert F. Binswanger, Chicago,Illinois, May 17, 1973, age 73.'27. W.J. Nixon Davis, Jr., PompanoBeach, Florida, December 30, 1972, age72.'33. Louis J. Ring, Clearwater,Florida, January 15, 1973, age 64.'35. Russell R. Nykamp, Zeeland,Michigan, January 14, 1973, age 68.'36. Franklin K. Gowdy, Glencoe,Illinois, July 15, 1973, age 70.'38. Charles W. Bruner, San Diego,California, December 20, 1972, age 59.'39. Francis O. Lamb, Toledo, Ohio,May 26, 1973, age 61.'43. David M. Hume , Richmond, Vir­ginia, May 19, 1973, age 56.'46. Hal T. Hum, Glencoe, Illinois,June 7, 1973, age 49.'66. Joel Murray Ferguson, Chicago,Illinois, May 21, 1973, age 32. Departmental NewsAnatomyPromotions: Winston A. Anderson hasbecome an Associate Professor in theDepartment. Michael E. Goldberger hasbeen promoted to Associate Professor.James A. Hopson has been promoted toAssociate Professor; he is also on theCommittee on Evolutionary Biology andin the College.Drs. Charles E. Oxnard and RonaldSinger have been named to the editorialboard of the Annals of Human Biology.Dr. Singer also was appointed to theeditorial board of Perspectives inBiology and Medicine. He is Professorand Chairman of the Department ofAnatomy and Professor in the Depart­ment of Anthropology, the Committeeson Evolutionary Biology and Genetics,and in the College. Dr. Oxnard is Masterof the Biological Sciences CollegiateDivision of the Biological Sciences andThe Pritzker School of Medicine,Professor in the Departments ofAnatomy and Anthropology, and on theCommittee on Evolutionary Biology andin the College.AnesthesiologyAppointments: Dr. Julia L. dos Santoshas been appointed Instructor andTrainee in the Department. Dr. EleanorHomena, a 1970-73 resident in theDepartment, has been appointed In­structor and Trainee. Dr. Maung AyeMaung, a 1970-72 resident, has becomean Instructor.Promotions: Dr. Krishna Pahuja isnow an Associate Professor in theDepartment. Dr. Robert Paulissian hasbecome an Associate Professor.Dr. Harry J. Lowe, Professor ofAnesthesiology, was a visiting professorand guest lecturer at Toronto GeneralHospital, Canada, on May 28 -29. Dr.Dr. Charles E. Oxnard Lowe lectured on "Automated ClosedCircuit Anesthesia."Dr. Thomas N. MacKrell, Professorof Anesthesiology, has been appointedActing Chairman of the Department. Hesucceeds Dr. Harry J. Lowe, Professorof Anesthesiology. Dr. MacKrell joinedthe faculty in 1971, after serving as anassociate professor of anesthesiology atthe school of medicine and graduateschool of the University of Louisville inKentucky. Dr. MacKrell graduated fromthe University of Pittsburgh School ofMedicine and took his internship at theUniversity of Pittsburgh MedicalCenter. During his residency, he studiedat Presbyterian Hospital in Pittsburgh,Fitzsimons General Hospital in Denver,and at the hospital of the University ofPennsylvania.Ben May laboratoryDr. Charles B. Huggins, the William B.Ogden Distinguished Service Professorin the Ben May Laboratory and theDepartment of Surgery, lectured on"Experimental Alteration of thePhenotype of Animal Cells ill I'il'o,"during the Third Linderstrom-Lang Con­ference on Biochemical Control of CellGrowth in Helsinki, Finland, on June27. He later delivered the seventhMasari Lecture on "ExperimentalTransformation of Fibroblasts" at thePerugia Cancer Conference in Italy onJuly I.Two papers from Dr. Huggins'slaboratory were recently published:"Coagulation of Blood Plasma ofGuinea Pig by the Bone Matrix," in theProceedings of the National Academy ofSciences, March 1973: and "Influence ofGeometry of Transplanted Tooth andBone on Transformation of Fibro­blasts," in the Proceedings of the Soci­ety for Experimental Biology andMedicine, July, 1973. Both papers wereco-authored by A. H. Reddi, anAssistant Professor in the Ben MayLaboratory.Dr. Ronald Singer41Dr. Huggins also participated in theSixth International Symposium on Com­parative Leukemia in Nagoya, Japan,September 16-22. Mrs. Huggins accom­panied him to Japan. He discussed"Transformations of Normal AnimalCells," at the meeting.While in Japan, Dr. Huggins held areunion with eight Japanese doctors whoworked in his laboratory at the Univer­sity during the past 25 years. He alsoappeared on national television with thehead of the Japanese National CancerInstitute in the discussion of" Hormonesand Cancer." He then lectured inKyoto, Kobe, and Osaka.Elwood V. Jensen, Director of theBen May Laboratory and the BiomedicalCenter for Population Research andProfessor of Physiology, participated inthe eighth Leucocyte Culture Confer­ence in Uppsala, Sweden, August 28 toSeptember 2. He lectured on "EstrogenReceptors and Estrogen Action." OnJune 19 he discussed "Steroid HormoneReceptors and Biological Action" at theninth Acta Endocrinologica Symposiumin Oslo, Norway.On June 7 he was chairman of theprogram on "Chemistry and EndocrineFunction" at the seventh Great LakesRegional Meeting of the AmericanChemical Society In Kalamazoo,Michigan.B iochem ist ryPromotion: Dr. Wolfgang Epstein hasbeen promoted to the rank of AssociateProfessor in the Department. He is alsoan Associate Professor of Biophysics,the Committee on Genetics, and in theCollege.Dr. Donald F. Steiner ('56), the A.N. Pritzker Professor of Biochemistryand Chairman of the Department,Aron A. Moscona42 Professor of Medicine, and in the Col­lege, lectured in Europe during June andJuly on research performed in hislaboratory on insulin, proinsulin, pan­creatic islet tumors, and insulin fromhagfish, a primitive marine animal. Dr.Steiner appeared at the InternationalSymposium on Cytopharmacology inVenice, the Symposium on Insulin inAachen, and the International DiabetesFederation Meeting in Brussels, wherehe was awarded the Juan Cristobol deDiaz prize of the Spanish Diabetes Soci­ety. This was the first time the medalhas been awarded. In June Dr. Steinerreceived an honorary Doctor of MedicalScience from the University of Umea inSweden.Eugene Goldwasser, Professor ofBiochemistry and the Franklin McLeanMemorial Research Institute, presented"Action of Erythropoietin on CellProliferation and Differentiation" at theGordon Conference on MolecularPathology held in Plymouth, NewHampshire on July 11.Kenneth B. Gass and Robert L. Lowof the Medical Scientist Training Pro­gram and Nicholas R. Cozzarelli,Assistant Professor of Biochemistry,Biophysics, and in the College, pub­lished "Inhibition of a DNA Polymerasefrom Bacillus subtilis by Hydroxy­phylazopyrimidines" in the January,1973, issue of the Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences.Josef Fried, Professor of Biochemis­try, Chemistry, and the Ben MayLaboratory, and Gary F. Cooper, a doc­toral candidate in the Department ofChemistry, published "Carbon 13 Nu­clear Magnetic Resonance Spectra ofProstaglandins and Some ProstaglandinAnalogs" in the May, 1973, issue of theProceedings of the National Academy ofSciences.Eugene Goldwasser BiologyAppointment: Leigh Van Valen has beenappointed Associate Professor ofBiology. He is also an Associate Profes­sor in the Committee on EvolutionaryBiology, the Committee on ConceptualFoundations of Science, and the Com­mittee on Genetics.John L. Hubby, Professor of Biology,the Committee on Genetics, the Com­mittee on Evolutionary Biology and inthe College, was one of four recipientsof the Quantrell A ward for Excellencein Undergraduate Teaching at TheUniversity of Chicago. He received theaward at Convocation on June 8.Aron A. Moscona, the Louis BlockProfessor of Biology, the College, andthe Committee on Genetics and Chair­man of the Committee on Development­al Biology, was chairman of the scientificprogram and a member of the organizingcommittee for the VIIth InternationalCongress of the International Society ofDevelopmental Biologists, which met inMontreal in August. Moscona lecturedon "Cell Specification in EmbryonicDifferentiation" at the meeting.Lynn H. Throckmorton, Professor ofBiology, the College, the Committee onGenetics, and the Committee on Evolu­tionary Biology, was appointed Chair­man of the Committee on EvolutionaryBiology. Throckmorton is a specialist inthe biochemical evolution and classifica­tions of organisms.BiophysicsPromotion: Paul B. Sigler has been pro­moted to Professor of Biophysics and inthe College.MedicineAppointments: Dr. Alfred Baker hasbeen appointed Assistant Professor(Gastroenterology). Previously, Dr.Baker had been at the Tufts New Eng­land Medical Center. Dr. GordonStoltzner ('68) has become an AssistantProfessor. He was a resident at TheUniversity of Chicago from 1969 untilhis appointment.Promotions: Dr. Robert Bennett hasbeen promoted to Assistant Professor.Dr. Samuel Refetoff has become anAssociate Professor (Endocrinology).Dr. Daniel Roth is now an AssistantProfessor (Hematology). Dr. CharlesWinans has been promoted to AssociateProfessor with tenure. He is also Direc­tor of the Gastroenterology InpatientService.Dr. Robert W. P. Cutler, AssociateProfessor of Medicine (Neurology), andDr. Robert Y. Moore ('57), Professor ofPediatrics, Medicine (Neurology), andAnatomy, have been elected to member­ship in the American NeurologicalAssociation.Dr. Joseph B. Kirsner, Chief of Staffof the University Hospitals and Clinicsand Deputy Dean for Medical Affairsand the Louis Block Professor ofMedicine, was a visiting professor at theUniversity of Vermont in September.Dr. Kirsner also gave a series of lecturesfor gastroenterologists from the state ofGeorgia at Sea Island, September 28-30.He is the co-author, with Dr. Joao C.Prolla (Medicine resident and faculty'62-'71), of a new book entitled "Hand­book and Atlas of GastrointestinalExfoliative Cytology."Drs. Edgar Moran and Henry Rap­paport attended the National CancerInstitute of Milan, June 4-8. Dr. Moran,Assistant Professor of Medicine(Hematology), lectured on "StagingClassification of Non-HodgkinsLymphoma" and participated in paneldiscussions. Dr. Rappaport, Professorof Pathology, the Franklin McLeanMemorial Research Institute, and Direc­tor of the Surgical Pathology Labora­tory, gave papers on "The Contributionof the Pathologist to the Diagnosis, Clas­sification, and Management of Hodg­kin's Disease" and "New Trends inHistopathological Classification ofMalignant Lymphomas."Dr. Samuel Refetoff, AssociateProfessor of Medicine (Endocrinology),was elected to the American Society forClinical Investigation.Dr. Arthur Rubenstein, AssociateProfessor of Medicine (Endocrinology),received the 1973 Lilly Award of theAmerican Diabetes Association fordemonstrated research in the field ofdiabetes.Dr. Sidney Schulman ('46), the EllenC. Manning Professor of Medicine(Neurology), delivered a paper on"Tool-Using in Rhesus Monkeys" atthe joint Montreal meeting of the Ameri­can Neurological Assoication and theCanadian Association for NeurologicalResearch.Dr. John E. Ultmann, Professor ofMedicine (Hematology), lectured on"Hodgkin's Disease-Current Con­cepts in Therapy," at the American Col­lege of Physicians course in medicaloncology and chemotherapy, which wasgiven at the University of SouthernCalifornia, June 15.Dr. Ann M. Lawrence, AssociateProfessor of Medicine (Endocrinology),and Dr. Donald F. Steiner, Chairmanand the A. N. Pritzker Professor ofBiochemistry and Professor of Medicineand in the College, were members of theprogram committee for the Fifty-fifthAnnual Meeting of the Endocrine Soci- Dr. Ann M. Lawrenceety, held in Chicago, June 20-22. Amongfaculty and students participating in theprogram were:Dr. Suzanne Oparil, Assistant Profes­sor of Medicine, et. aI., "Acute Effectsof Progesterone (P) on Renal Function,Intrarenal Sodium (Na+) Handling, andthe Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Sys­tems. "Dr. Robert R. Rosenfield, AssistantProfessor of Pediatrics, et aI., "Effi­ciency of �5 - 3{3-Hydroxysteroid De­hydrogenation (�5 - 3{3-HSD) in Maleswith Hereditary Enzyme Deficiency."Dr. Marshall B. Block, former fellow,Section of Endocrinology, Departmentof Medicine, et aI., "Proinsulin and C­Peptide Secretion in Pregnant InsulinRequiring Diabetics and Their Off­spring. "Dr. Nobuyuki Amino, ResearchAssociate In the Department ofMedicine, and Dr. Leslie J. DeGroot,Professor in the Departments ofMedicine and Radiology, "InsolubleParticulate Antigens in Cell- MediatedImmunity of Thyroid Disease."Dr. Alicia J. Barmach de N iepom­niszce, fellow in the Department ofPediatrics, et aI., "Adrenal AndrogenProduction: Dependence on ACTH andGonadal Function."Dr. Kunihiro Yamamoto, ResearchAssociate in the Department ofMedicine, "Regulation of IodinatingActivity During Thyroid Hyperplasia."Dr. Ann M. Lawrence was also amember of the committee on scientificprograms for the Thirty-third AnnualMeeting of the American DiabetesAssociation, held in Chicago, June 23-24. Among those presenting paperswere:Dr. David L. Horwitz (,67), et aI., "Serum Connecting Peptide-anIndicator of Beta Cell Secretory Func­tion." Dr. Horwitz is a resident in theDepartment of Medicine.Dr. Arthur H. Rubenstein, et aI.,"Clinical Significance of CirculatingProinsulin and C-Peptide."Dr. Ann M. Lawrence, et aI., "Ab­sence of Staub-Traugott Effect (Fa­cilitated Glucose Disposal) inHypopituitarism. "MicrobiologyAppointments: James A. Shapiro hasbeen appointed Assistant Professor ofMicrobiology and in the College. Pa­tncia Spear has been appointedAssistant Professor of Microbiology.The Department moved to the eighth,ninth, and tenth floors of the new Cum­mings Life Science Center in Octoberfrom space in Ricketts North, theResearch Institutes, and the Experimen­tal Biology Building.William Burrows, Professor of Mi­crobiology, became emeritus on July 1.Professor Burrows joined the Universityfaculty in 1937.Bernard Roizman, Professor of Mi­crobiology, Biophysics, and the Com­mittee on Genetics, attended the Gor­don Conference at Kimball UnionAcademy, Meridan, New Hampshire,June 25-29. He presented a paper onDNA viruses. On July 20 he chaired asession of the Psychology and CancerPrevention Meeting in Salzburg, Aus­tria.Roizman presented' 'The Structure ofHerpesviruses" at the HerpesvirusWorkship at Cold Spring Harbor, Mas­sachusetts, August 17-21. He thenattended the Harden Conferenceorganized by the Biochemical Society,September 15-21, at Wye College, Eng­land, and presented "Translational andPost-Translational Controls in Herpes-Bernard Roizman43virus I nfected Cells." During Sep­tember 2-8, he attended the NatoWorkshop on Tumor Viruses in MonteCarlo, Monaco, and presented "Bio­chemistry of Herpesviruses as Relatedto Oncogenesis."Recently, Roizman was elected anhonorary fellow of the Pan AmericanCancer Cytology Society.Obstetrics and GynecologyAppointments: Dr. Juan Gonzales­Loya, a 1972 Ford Foundation fellow,has been appointed an Insturctor in theDepartment. Dr. Sen-Lian Yang (resi­dent '72) has become an I nstructor in theDepartment.Promotions: Dr. Emelina Canlas hasbeen promoted to Assistant Professor inthe Department. Dr. Alfonso Mejia hasbecome an Assistant Professor ofObstetrics and Gynecology.Dr. Janis Gumpel has been promotedto Associate Professor of Obstetrics andGynecology with tenure. Dr. Gumpelcompleted her residency at ChicagoLying-in Hospital and was chief residentand an I nstructor. She was appointedAssistant Professor in 1968. Currently,she serves on the Frontiers of Medicinecommittee, the Emergency Room com­mittee, the Committee on Placement ofSenior Medical Students, and is the CLIHouse Staff Assistant Director. In 1969Dr. Gumpel was certified by the Ameri­can Board of Obstetrics andGynecology. She is a fellow of theAmerican College of Obstetricians andGynecologists.Dr. Gebhard F. B. Schumacher, As­sociate Professor of Obstetrics andGynecology, and Dr. Lourens J. D.Zanefeld, Assistant Professor of Obstet­rics and Gynecology, are co­investigators for a World Health Organi­zation contract to study "LowMolecular Weight Proteinase Inhibitorsin Human Cervical Mucus DuringPresumably Ovulatory Cycles." Theproject is in collaboration with Dr. C.M. Rajani of Lady Hardinge MedicalCollege, New Delhi, India. Drs.Schumacher and Zanefeld also are co­investigators on a contract for "Im­proving Effectiveness of Vaginal Con­traceptive Creams or Jellies by Additionof Sperm Enzyme Inhibitors" for theProgram for Applied Research on Fertil­ity Regulation (AID Program).Dr. Schumacher participated in a spe­cial planning meeting on immunochemis­try of sperm antigens and trophoblastantigens of the WHO Expanded Pro­gram of Research and Development andResearch Training in Human Reproduc­tion, held July 9-13, in Geneva, Switzer­land.44 Dr. Frederick P. ZuspanA meeting of the WHO task force sec­tion on cervical contraception was heldSeptember 9-12 at the University'sCenter for Continuing Education. Scien­tists from England, Sweden, Switzer­land, Germany, and the United States,who are actively engaged in the WHOExpanded Program of Research De­velopment and Research Training inHuman Reproduction discussed pro­gress and further planning for collabora­tive projects.Dr. Douglas R. Shanklin, Professor ofObstetrics and Gynecology andPathology, wrote "Making PregnancyHealthy" in the May 23 MedicalTribune.Dr. Eric J. Singh, Research Associate(Assistant Professor) in the Department,completed 10 years of association withChemical Abstracts Service, for whichhe received a certificate and service pin.Dr. Albert Tsai ('68), AssistantProfessor of Obstetrics and Gyne­cology, spent the summer in China, par­ticipating in an acupuncture coursetaught by Dr. S. B. Cheng, a Chinese­trained chest surgeon and pioneer in thetechnology of acupuncture andanesthesia.Dr. Frederick P. Zuspan, the JosephBolivar DeLee Professor and Chairmanof Obstetrics and Gynecology, waselected to a six-year term as a directorof the American Board of Obstetrics andGynecology, Inc. Dr. Zuspan will rep­resent the Association of Professors ofObstetrics and Gynecology on theboard, the third oldest specialty boardin United States medicine, which, since1930, has been responsible for licensingspecialists in obstetrics and gynecology.Intrauterine growth retardation is ahazard of pregnancy in sickle cell blooddisorders, according to Dr. Evans E.Fiakpui ('70), a resident in the Depart- ment. Prematurity is also a significanthazard in sickle cell disease, he told theannual clinical meeting of the AmericanCollege of Obstetricians and Gynecolog­ists. Dr. Fiakpui's study of 70 pregnantpatients with sickle cell blood disorderswas reported in Ob.-Gyn. News.Dr. Marshall D. Lindheimer,Associate Professor of Obstetrics andGynecology and Medicine, was guesteditor of an invitational symposium on"Medical Complications During Preg­nancy" in the July Journal of Reproduc­tive Medicine. Dr. Lindheimer is Direc­tor of the Medical Complications Clinicat Chicago Lying-in Hospital.Faculty participants in the symposiumwere:Drs. Suzanne Oparil and Joseph R.Swartwout on "Heart Disease in Preg­nancy. " Dr. Oparil is an AssistantProfessor of Medicine and Director ofthe University's Hypertension Clinic.Dr. Swartwout is an Associate Professorof Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pro­gram Coordinator of the BiomedicalCenter for Population Research.Drs. Dimitrios S. M. Emmanouel,Juan P. Gonzales-Loya, and Adrian I.Katz on "Renal Complications of SepticShock in Pregnancy." Dr. Emmanouelis an Instructor in the Department ofMedicine, Dr. Gonzales-Loya is a FordFoundation fellow and Instructor ofObstetrics and Gynecology, and Dr.Katz is an Associate Professor ofMedicine and Chief of the Section of.Nephrology.Drs. Lindheimer and Katz on "Preg­nancy and the Kidney."Drs. Robert L. Gottesman andSamuel Refetoff on "Diagnosis andManagement of Thyroid Diseases inPregnancy." Dr. Gottesman is a 1973graduate of The Pritzker School ofMedicine. Dr. Refetoff is an AssociateProfessor of Medicine (Endocrinology)and Director of the University'S ThyroidFunction Laboratory.Drs. Albert Tsai, James Reuler, andArthur Rubenstein on "Diabetes andPregnancy." Dr. Rubenstein is anAssociate Professor of Medicine (En­docrinology) and secretary in theDepartment. Dr. Reuler is an intern inthe Department of Medicine.Drs. Evans Z. Fiakpui and Edgar M.Moran on "Pregnancy in the SickleHemoglobinpathies." Dr. Moran is anAssistant Professor of Medicine.(Hematology) and a fellow in the Frank­lin McLean Memorial Research In­stitute.At its spring meeting in Atlantic City;New Jersey, on April 17, Dr. MarshallD. Lindheimer was elected to full mem­bership in the American PhysiologicalSociety.Dr. Albert DorfmanOphthalmologyPromotion: Dr. J. Terry Ernest ('61) hasbeen promoted to Associate Professor ofOphthalmology.Dr. Ernest also was recently electedcorresponding secretary of the ChicagoOphthalmology Society.Dr. Frank W. Newell, the James Nel­son and Anna Louise Raymond Profes­sor of Ophthalmology, was named anhonorary member of the OxfordOphthalmological Congress at its meet­ing in Oxford, England, July 8-11.PathologyPromotions: Dr. Zdenek Hruban ('56)has been promoted to the rank of Profes­sor of Pathology. Dr. Robert Kirschner,who had served as a resident and anInstructor of Pathology from 1967 to1972, has been promoted to AssistantProfessor. Dr. Heinz Kohler has beennamed an Associate Professor ofPathology. Dr. Ward R. Richter hasbeen promoted to Professor in theDepartment. Dr. Richter is also Direc­tor of the A. J. Carlson Animal ResearchFacility. Dr. Ting-Wa Wong (,57) hasbeen promoted to Associate Professor inthe Department.Dr. James E. Bowman was appointedchairman of the Medical Advisory Com­mittee of the Mid-America Chapter ofthe American Red Cross. Dr. Bowmanis a Professor of Pathology, Medicine,the Committee on Genetics, and in theCollege. He is also Medical Director ofthe University Hospitals and ClinicsBlood Bank and Director of the U niver­sity Hospitals and Clinics Laboratories.On September 9 Dr. Bowman wasinterviewed on radio by Vernon Jarrettof Chicago's WGRT-AM. He discussed"Problems Involved in the LegalAspects of Sickle Hemoglobin." Theprogram which was rebroadcast on Sep- tember 16, reviewed Dr. Bowman'scomments recently to the National Med­ical Association that misinformationabout sickle cell trait and sickle cellanemia among blacks has led to unfairemployment practices and unfair dis­crimination in insurance rates.Dr. Josephine A. Morello, AssistantProfessor of Pathology and Medicineand Director of the Clinical Mi­crobiology Laboratory, participated inthe June symposium on" Rapid Methodsand Automation in Microbiology," inStockholm, Sweden. Dr. Morello dis­cussed "Likely Developments in Hospi­tal Diagnostic Microbiology During theNext Decade" and "AutomatedRadiometric Detection of Bacteremia. "PediatricsAppointments: Dr. Miraj Hussain hasbeen appointed an Instructor in theDepartment. Dr. Michael K. Posner,who was an intern and resident at theUniversity, has become an AssistantProfessor of Pediatrics. Dr. Joseph Ter­rizzi has been appointed an AssistantProfessor of Pediatrics.Promotions: Dr. Jannis Mendelsohnhas been promoted to Assistant Profes­sor of Pediatrics. Dr. Alice M. Stratigoshas become an Assistant Professor in theDepartment. Dr. Otto G. Thilenius hasbeen promoted to Professor of Pediatricsand Research Associate (Professor) inPhysiology.Dr. Douglas N. Buchanan, ProfessorEmeritus of Pediatrics and Medicine,received the Brenneman Award of theChicago Pediatric Society for excellencein teaching and service to the society andto the children of Chicago.Dr. F. Howell Wright, Professor ofPediatrics, retired from the Departmentin June. Dr. Wright came to The Univer­sity of Chicago in 1940 as an AssistantProfessor of Pediatrics and served asChairman of the Department from 1944to 1962. He headed the well-baby clinicat Bobs Roberts Children's Hospital. Adinner honoring Dr. Wright was plannedfor Tuesday, October 23, during themeetings in Chicago of the AmericanAcademy of Pediatrics.Dr. Albert Dorfman ('44), the RichardT. Crane Distinguished Service Profes­sor of Pediatrics and Professor ofBiochemistry, delivered the dedicationaddress for the Rosensteil Center atBrandeis University in May. Hisaddress was entitled "The Genie is Outof the Bottle."Dr. Dorfman also attended the Con­ference on the Susceptibility of the Fetusand Child to the Effects of Chemical Pol­lutants, held in Burlington, Wisconsin,in June. He discussed the effects ofextraneous substances on metabolism Dr. Richard Rothbergand in cells and the metabolic aspectsof development. The conference wassponsored by the American Academy ofPediatrics, the National Institute ofChild Health and Human Development,and the National Institute of Environ­mental Health Services.Dr. Robert Y. Moore ('57), Professorof Pediatrics, Medicine, and Anatomy,spoke at the Third InternationalCatecholamine Symposium in Stras­bourg, France, on May 29. His topic was"Telencephalic Distribution of Termin­als from Brainstem NorepinephrineNeurons." Dr. Moore also lectured on"Regeneration in Central AdrenergicNeurons" at the University of Pennsyl­vania, Philadelphia, on June 21.Dr. Moore has been appointed to theeditorial board of Archives of Neurologyfor 1973. He has also been appointedconsultant to the Food and DrugAdministration through 1974.Dr. Glyn Dawson, Assistant Profes­sor of Pediatrics, Research Associate(Assistant Professor) of Biochemistry,and the Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr., Scholarof Pediatrics, spoke on "Inborn Errorsof Glycoprotein Metabolism" at theGordon Research Conference on Struc­tural Macromolecules, Tilton School,New Hampshire, on July 23. On July 30Dr. Dawson lectured on "PeroxidaseDeficiency and Lipid Abnormalities inBatten's Disease" at the Children'sBrain Diseases Foundation. ParnassusHeight Medical Building, San Fran­cisco.Dr. Richard Rothberg (,58). AssociateProfessor of Pediatrics, was chairman ofthe Medical Advisory Board of theChicago Chapter of the National CysticFibrosis Foundation during the pastyear. Recently, Dr. Rothberg became amember of the American Thoracic Soci­ety and the Section of Chest Diseases45of the American Academy of Pediatrics.Dr. Robert Rosenfield, AssistantProfessor of Pediatrics, has been electedpresident of the Chicago Endocrine Clubfor 1973-1974. He has also beenappointed to the finance committee ofthe Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endo­crinology Society.A University research group hasreported a test for Tay-Sachs andSandhoff-J atzkewitz diseases, utilizing asubstrate prepared from chondroitin 4-sulfate. Jerry N. Thompson, a formerResearch Associate in the Department,was the primary author of the report,"N-Acetyl-Beta-Hexosaminidase: Rolein the Degradation of Glycosarninogly­cans," in the August 31 Science. Thetwo diseases cause mental retardation.It is believed the absence of a particulartype of hexosaminidase, through a gene­tic fault, is responsible. Coauthors of thepaper were: Allen C. Stoolmiller,Assistant Professor of Pediatrics andBiochemistry; Dr. Reuben Matalon,Assistant Professor of Pediatrics; andDr. Albert Dorfman.PharmacologyLewis S. Seiden (Ph.D. '62), AssociateProfessor of Pharmacology, Psychiatry,and in the College, was named specificfield editor of neuroendocrine phar­macology for the Journal of Phar­macology and Experimental Thera­peutics and regional editor for the Jour­nal of Pharmacology, Biochemistry, andBehavior.PsychiatryAppointments: Dr. John W. Crayton hasbeen appointed an Assistant Professor ofPsychiatry. He was a resident in theDr. Daniel X. Freedman46 Department during 1970-1973. Dr. JohnM. Davis has been appointed anAssociate Professor in the Department.Dr. David Goode, an intern and residentduring 1969-1973, has become anAssistant Professor of Psychiatry. Dr.Pati Tighe has become an instructor inthe Department. She was a resident dur­ing 1970-1973.Promotions: Dr. Eberhard H.Uhlenhuth has been promoted to Profes­sor of Psychiatry.Dr. Daniel X. Freedman, the LouisBlock Professor in the Biological Sci­ences and Chairman of Psychiatry,spoke on "Biochemical Observations onLSD Tolerance" at the InternationalSymposium on Brain Chemistry, Cag­liari, Italy, May 27-June 2.Dr. Lawrence Z. Freedman, Founda­tions' Fund Research Professor inPsychiatry, cochaired a three-day con­ference on "Terrorists and Terrorism,"sponsored by the institute of Social andBehavioral Pathology and held at theCenter for Advanced Study in theBehavioral Sciences at Stanford Univer­sity. Conference participants came fromresearch centers in the United States,the Middle-East, and Africa, where ter­rorism is a looming problem. Dr. Freed­man's paper was entitled "Terrorismand Political Assassination," based onhis research with the National Commis­sion on the Causes and Prevention ofViolence and on field studies in the Mid­dle East.Dr. Eberhard H. Uhlenhuth, Profes­sor of Psychiatry, has received $75,057from the Food and Drug Administrationfor work on "Measuring the Effects ofPsychotropic Drugs." This new, two­year contract brings project financing toDr. Lawrence Z. Freedman a total of $139,557 for drug research.The following faculty participated inthe American Psychiatric Associationmeeting in Honolulu, May 7-11:Dr. Eberhard H. Uhlenhuth, et aI., on"Symptom Levels and Life Stress in theCity."Dr. Herbert Y. Meltzer, AssociateProfessor of Psychiatry, and Marilyn L.Maas on "Muscle Abnormalities inPsychotic Patients."Dr. Daniel X. Freedman chaired ses­sions on psychobiology and newresearch and was a member of the advi­sory committee for the new researchprogram.Dr. Jarl Dyrud, Professor ofPsychiatry, was a panelist on "ThePsychotherapy of the SchizophrenicPatient. "Dr. Edward C. Senay was a paneliston "Practical Problems of MethadoneTreatment.' ,Dr. Jerome Winer, Assistant Profes­sor of Psychiatry and Assistant Chief ofthe University Health Service, was apanelist on "What Therapies Work withTodays College Students."Also participating in the AP A pro­gram were the following faculty mem­bers from Michael Reese Hospital:Dr. Daniel Offer ('57), AssociateProfessor of Psychiatry, moderated"Issues in Psychiatric Training."Dr. Lawrence Kay ton, AssistantProfessor of Psychiatry, and Soon D.Koh on "Pleasure-Deficit in Non­Psychotic Schizophrenics."RadiologyAppointments: Dr. Ronald W. Hendrix,a resident during 1970-1973, has beenappointed an Instructor of Radiology.Dr. Jay C. Mall, a resident during 1971-1973, has become an Assistant Professorin the Department. Dr. William H.McCartney, a resident during 1970-1973, is now an Instructor in theDepartment. Dr. Eduardo Nijensohn, aresident during 1970-1973, is now anInstructor of Radiology. Dr. Yao LiongQue, a resident during 1971-1973, hasbeen appointed an Instructor ofRadiology.Promotions: Dr. Eugene Duda hasbeen promoted to Assistant Professor ofRadiology. Dr. Harry Genant hasbecome an Assistant Professor in theDepartment. Dr. Harold G. Sutton, Jr.,has been promoted to Assistant Profes­sor (Therapeutic Radiology).Dr. Lee B. Lusted, Professor ofRadiology, is currently the president­elect of the Chicago Radiological Soci­ety.Dr. Alexander Gottschalk has beennamed president-elect of the Society ofNuclear Medicine. He will become pres-ident in June, 1974, and plan theorganization's 1975 meeting. Dr.Gottschalk is a Professor and Directorof the Franklin McLean MemorialResearch Institute and Professor in theDepartment of Radiology.Dr. Bernard E. Oppenheim, AssistantProfessor of Radiology and the FranklinMcLean Memorial Research Instituteand Assistant Director of NuclearMedicine, has been awarded a fellow­ship by the National Research Councilon behalf of the James Picker Founda­tion. He is participating in the programfor the 1973-1974 academic year.SurgeryAppointments: Dr. Gerald S. Laros hasbeen appointed Professor of Surgery andChief of the Section of Orthopedic Sur­gery. Dr. Richard Evans ('59) has beenappointed Associate Professor (Car­diovascular) in the Department. Dr.Abdool R. Moosa has become anAssistant Professor of Surgery.Promotions: Dr. Kishan Chand, hasbeen promoted to Associate Professor(Orthopedics) in the Department. Dr.William Gill is now an Associate Profes­sor of Surgery (Urology). Dr. GregoryMatz has been promoted to AssociateProfessor (Otolaryngology) in theDepartment. Dr. Robert L. Reploglehas become a Professor of Surgery. Heis also the Chief of the Section of Pediat­ric Surgery. Dr. Frank P. Stuart hasbeen promoted to Professor of Surgery.Dr. Constantine Anagnostopoulos,Assistant Professor of Surgery, hasreceived grants totaling $73,000 for heartresearch. A $40,000 grant from theNational Heart and Lung Institute is for"An Experimental Model of Transposi- tion." A $33,000 grant from the Ameri­can Heart Association and the ChicagoHeart Association is for "An Experi­mental Model of Transposition: A NewTechnique. "Dr. Anagnostopoulos gave a seminarlecture on "Direct Coronary Artery Sur­gery" at the Donner Laboratory of theLawrence Radiation Center, Universityof California at Berkeley, May 16. Healso lectured at Swedish Covenant Hos­pital, Chicago, on surgical grand rounds,April 25; and West Suburban Hospitalin Oak Park, Illinois, on medical grandrounds, April 23, on "Acute Aortic Dis­section"; and at the Stritch School ofMedicine, Loyola University, on pediat­ric grand rounds, April 18, on "Trans­portation of the Great Arteries."Dr. Cesar Fernandez, Professor ofSurgery (Otolaryngology), has beenelected a member of the AmericanOtological Society.Dr. Ralph F. Naunton, Professor ofSurgery and Chief of the Section ofOtolaryngology, was appointed a re­presentative to the American NationalStandards Institute by the AmericanAcademy of Ophthalmology andOtolaryngology. He also was electedPresident of the Chicago Laryngologicaland Otological Society.Theoretical BiologyThe Research Corporation of New Yorkhas granted $18,600 to Universityresearch on "Elastorneric Microinstru­ments for Experimental Biology." Prin­cipal investigators under the grant areRobert P. Futrelle, a fellow in theDepartment, and Anthony D. J. Robert­son, Assistant Professor of TheoreticalBiology. The grant was made under theDr. Albert A. Dahlberg received one of the highest honors given by the Japanese government.Here, he and Mrs. Dahlberg examine the award certificate with Japanese officials. foundation's Cottrell Research GrantsProgram.Zoller Dental ClinicDr. Albert A. Dahlberg, Professor ofAnthropology, the Committee onEvolutionary Biology, and the ZollerDental Clinic, received one of the high­est honors given by the Japanese govern­ment, issued at the order of EmperorHirohito. The award, called the Orderof the Rising Sun Third Class, consistsof a gold-edged medal with a rubycenter. It was presented June 11 inTokyo in the office of the JapaneseMinister of Education. Past recipients ofthe award have been from the highestlevel of Japanese artists and scientists.Dr. Dahlberg was lecturing in Japanat the invitation of Japanese medical anddental institutions. He delivered theprincipal address at the meeting of theJapanese Dental Society in Sapporo. Histopic was "The Biology of Oc­clusion" -the evolution of the humanprocess of biting. He also spoke at theTokyo Orthodontic Society, theAnthropological Society of Nippon andthe Universities of Kyushu, Sendai, andNiiagata.Following a visit to Moscow, Dr.Dahlberg participated in a meeting oncircumpolar peoples, which was held inReykjavik, Iceland. He reported on June28 on "The Odontology of CircumpolarPeoples. "General-DivisionalAppointment: Dr. Marshall B. Segal hasbeen appointed Associate Professor(Emergency Room) of the General Divi­sion.Joseph Ceithaml, Dean of Students inDr. Constantine Anagnostopou/os47the Division of the Biological Sciencesand The Pritzker School of Medicine,was the co-auther of "The NIRMP andIts Current Problems" in the July, 197�,Journal of Medical Education. The aI"':l­cle concerns the National Internshipand Residency Matching Program(NIRMP), a cooperative venture ofUnited States medical schools and ho�­pitals, by which newly g�aduated. physi­cians are interviewed for internships andresidencies and their preferences arematched with the hospitals' preferences.NIRMP assignments to internships andresidencies are announced simultane­ously each year all over the. UnitedStates. The article notes that rune per­cent of recent medical graduates wentdirectly into residencies rather thaninternships and that 21 percent of. 822residency appointments were obtainedoutside of the NIRMP. Furthermore, by1975 it is expected that a majority of fi�st­year post-graduate. me�ical appoint­ments will be to residencies. Unless allfirst-year residencies as well as intern­ships come under NIRMP rules, theauthors foresee a return to "chaotic"conditions existing before NIRMP wasestablished 22 years ago.Dr. Leon O. Jacobson ('39), Dean ofthe Division of the Biological Sciencesand The Pritzker School of Medicine,was chairman of a meeting of the Com­mittee on Science Policy at the springmeeting of the Institute of Medicine ofthe National Academy of Sciences. Thediscussion topic was a rumored proposalby the President's Office of Managem.entand Budget to abolish the peer reviewsystem which passes on the men�s ofgrant applications to t�e �atlonalInstitutes of Health. The discussion wassummarized in the May 25 Science.Alumni News1919Richard C. Gamble has moved fromSedona, Arizona, to 1125 DavidsonRoad, Nashville, Tennessee 37205. Dr.Gamble is a retired ophthalmologist.1921Lester R. Dragstedt was awarded thedegree of Doctor of Medicine HonorisCausa by the University of Uppsala,Sweden, at its June convocation. Dr.Dragstedt is the Thomas D. JonesProfessor Emeritus of Surgery.Walter Herman Spoenemann hasmoved to 18 Biritz Drive, St. Louis,Missouri 63137.48 1925Clarence C. Reed of Palos Verde�,California, received the Award .of Mentfrom the University of California at LosAngeles School of Medicfne.. Hereceived the honor, the school s highestaward, for his contributions toward theelimination of human ills in neurology.1926Charles B. Congdon of Hinsdale,Illinois, retired in January, 1973, after 47years of practice of neurology andpsychiatry.1932Jack P. Cowan of Chicago has beenappointed lecturer in ophthalmology atthe Abraham Lincoln School ofMedicine, University of Illinois. Also,he was elected recently as secretary ofthe board of directors of the ChicagoAcademy of Sciences.1934LeMon Clark of Fayetteville, Arkansas,has just returned from two years �n Ger­many. He reports: "I am operung myoffice again for the practice of what I c�llmedical gynecology. I stopped practic­ing obstetrics when I turned 70. Istopped doing major surgery when Iturned 72. I went to Germany when Iwas 74, and I am now 76. I did writea couple of manuscripts while in Ger­many and hope to polish them suf­ficiently to have them published in thenext six months or so."1935V. Brown Scott retired on April 1 after30 years of internal medicine practice atInlow Clinic, Shelbyville, Indiana.1936Robert B. Greenman retired August 1and moved to Coronado Village, Texas,where he is looking for a retirement posi-Dr. Lester R. Dragstedt tion. Also he is planning a medical safarito Rome, Addis Ababa, Nairobi, Joh�n­nesburg, Capetown, and Rio de Janeirothis fall. Previously, Dr. Greenman hadpracticed in Kearny, Arizona.1938Oscar Bodansky of New York Cityreceived the Lucy Wortham JamesAward for 1973 in recognition ofoutstanding contributions in the field ofcancer. The award was presented to himin April at the annual meeting of theJames Ewing Society in Louisville, Ken­tucky.1940Henry S. Kaplan, professor of radiologyat Stanford University Medical School,reported at the annual reunion. inChicago of the Michael Reese I:I�spI�alAlumni Association that Hodgkin s dis­ease is "now definitely curable." Muchof this medical achievement has resultedfrom supervoltage therapy introduced byDr. Kaplan and his associates at Stan­ford where the first medical acceleratorwas'developed. The group now is w?rk­ing on advanced radiotherapy devicesutilizing superconductors.1941Owen C. Berg of Wichita Falls, Texas,is an amateur photographer. At theInternational Convention of the Photo­graphic Society of America meeting inSan Francisco in August, Dr. Berg waselected to a two-year term as divisionvice president and as a member o� thegroup's nine-man executive comml.ttee.He will judge the Chicago Internatton�lExhibition of Nature Photography InJanuary. Dr. Berg is a fellow. of thePhotographic Society of Amenca andhas been awarded a Diamond Star forhis photography of natural history. Heis chief of urology at the Wichita FallsClinic.1942Vera Morkovin of Oak Park, Illinois,became director of emergency servicesat the Illinois Masonic Medical Centerin July.1943Charles P. McCartney is president of theChicago Medical Society for 1973-1974.He is in private practice on Chicago'sSouth Side and is a clinical professor ofobstetrics and gynecology at theAbraham Lincoln School of Medicine atthe University of Illinois. Dr. McCart­ney was a faculty member at TheUniversity of Chicago from 1947 to 1971.He was the Mary Campau RyersonProfessor of Obstetrics andGynecology.1944Raymond D. Goodman of Beverly Hills,California, received a master's degree inpublic health from the University ofCalifornia at Los Angeles in December,1972. He is continuing private practicewhile devoting part of his time todeveloping a professional services auditsystem for evaluating the quality of med­ical care. He was appointed recently asthe coordinator for retrospective medicalaudit for the division of medicine at theCedars-Sinai Medical Center in LosAngeles.1945C. Frederick Kittle has been appointedprofessor of cardiovascular surgery atRush Medical College and senior attend­ing surgeon in the department of surgery(cardiovascular) at St. Luke's­Presbyterian Hospital, Chicago. Dr.Kittle had been a Professor of Surgeryat The University of Chicago since 1966and Chief of the Section of Thoracic andCardiovascular Surgery.1946John R. Hogness will assume the pres­idency of the University of Washington,Seattle, in the spring of 1974. Dr. Hog­ness was dean of the University ofWashington School of Medicine andlater executive vice president of the uni­versity, before his appointment as thefirst president of the Institute ofMedicine of the National Academy ofSciences two years ago. Dr. Hognessreceived The University of ChicagoAlumni Medal at the annual awardsassembly on June 2. The medal is givenfor extraordinary distinction in one'sfield of specialization and for service tosociety.1947Daniel C. Weaver has been appointedan associate professor in the departmentDr. Charles P. McCartney of anesthesiology at Tufts UniversitySchool of Medicine, New England Med­ical Center Hospital, Boston.1950Bernard Barash will move in Novemberfrom the Carrier Clinic, Belle Mead,New Jersey, to Venice, Florida, and re­enter the private practice of psychiatryand psychoanalysis.1956S. Walter Kran has recently becomepresident of the East Bay RadiologicalSociety, alternate councilor for theAmerican College of Radiology and theCalifornia Radiological Soceity, andchief of staff of Doctor's Hospital of SanLeandro, California.Edward Paloyan has been appointedassociate chief of staff for research andeducation at Veterans Administration,Edward Hines, Jr., Hospital in Hines,Illinois. He also holds the rank of profes­sor of surgery at Loyola University'sStritch School of Medicine, Chicago.Dr. Paloyan recently completed 17 yearsat The University of Chicago, includinginternship, residency, and faculty ap­pointments.1957Richard H. Earle has left The Universityof Chicago to enter group practice ofmedicine on Chicago's southwest side.He will be on the staff of Christ Com­munity Hospital.1958Fredric Solomon writes that he is anassociate professor of psychiatry at theCollege of Medicine of Howard Univer­sity in Washington, D.C. He is responsi­ble for pre-clinical teaching of thebehavioral sciences. He also has a part­time practice in psychoanalysis and childpsychiatry. Dr. Solomon and his wife,Dorothy Kent Solomon (A.B. 1960),have two sons, seven and nine years old.1959Gary D. Friedman has completed a text­book, Primer of Epidemiology, to bepublished in 1974 by McGraw-HilI. Thebook presents epidemiology simply andclearly for physicians, medical students,and other health care professionals. Dr.Friedman is senior epidemiologist in thedepartment of medical methods researchat Kaiser-Perrnanente Medical CareProgram in Oakland, California.1960Robert A. Moody writes: "Although Ileft teaching at The University ofChicago, I have slipped back to it parttime as a senior clinical instructor at Tufts University School of Medicine inthe department of neurosurgery." Dr.Moody is in private practice in Fitch­burg, Massachusetts.Charles Mittman will be on sabbaticalleave at Tel Aviv University, Israel,until August, 1974. He will be continuingresearch on genetic aspects of lung dis­ease and writing a book on lung cancer.After his leave he will return to dutiesas director of the respiratory diseasesdepartment of City of Hope MedicalCenter, Duarte, California, and as anassociate clinical professor of medicineat the University of California at LosAngeles.Martin A. Pope is currently anassociate professor of medicine andassistant dean for student affairs at theschool of medicine at University ofCalifornia at Los Angeles.Edward A. Wolpert, director of clini­cal services at the Psychosomatic andPsychiatric Institute of Michael ReeseHospital, Chicago, has become apsychiatric consultant to the SoniaShankman Orthogenic School of TheUniversity of Chicago.1961George L. Monto has been appointedsection chief of gastroenterology at theLovelace Clinic in Albuquerque, NewMexico.1962Ruth M. Covell, assistant to the deanof the school of medicine, University ofCalifornia at San Diego, has beenappointed to the National ProfessionalStandards Review Council. The counciladvises the Secretary of Health, Educa­tion and Welfare on matters pertainingto the professional standards revieworganizations.1964James Castles has joined the medicalschool of the University of California atDavis as an associate professor ofmedicine and head of the section ofrheumatology. He had been at TheUniversity of Chicago since 1969.Lt. Col. Charles Ellenbogen is chiefof the infectious diseases section, UnitedStates Air Force Medical Center, Lack­land Air Force Base, San Antonio,Texas. He writes: "My main tasks areteaching and consultations. In October,1972, I passed the boards offered by theSUbspecialty committee on infectiousdiseases of the American Board ofInternal Medicine, and in June, 1973, onthe ninth anniversary of my graduationfrom medical school, I was promoted toLt. Col. My wife, Mary, is on the facultyof the school of nursing of IncarnateWord College in San Antonio, and, eventhough she is not a University ofChicago graduate, she is helping me tomaintain its tradition of teaching. I alsohold an appointment as clinical assistantprofessor of medicine at the Universityof Texas medical school at San Antonio.I was quite proud to have a paper pub­lished in the lournal of InfectiousDisease last May, because the journalis published by the University ofChicago Press."Norman J. James has completed hisresidency in plastic surgery at Mil­waukee County General Hospital andhas moved to Spokane, Washington, toopen a practice in plastic and reconstruc­tive surgery and surgery of the hand. Hisbusiness address is Medical CenterBuilding, South 820 McClellan, Spo­kane, Washington 99204.1965David Arthur Turner is now an assistantprofessor of nuclear medicine at Rush­Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Cen­ter, Chicago. Dr. Turner served hisinternship and residency in radiology atThe University of Chicago and was anInstructor prior to leaving.Fernando Ugarte has moved to A vda.28 de Julio, Dep. 204, Lima, Peru, andis in the private practice of surgery. Dr.Ugarte completed his surgery residencyat The University of Chicago and servedas an Instructor for a year. He was onthe staff of Chicago Medical Schoolbefore going to Peru.Edgar A. Rainin of Concord, Califor­nia, has become a clinical instructor inthe department of ophthalmology of theUniversity of California at Davis.1966Julian J. Rimpila has completed his mili­tary service and is a fourth year residentand fellow in gastroenterology at ThePritzker School of Medicine.Christopher R. Hopps has beenappointed instructor in psychiatry atHarvard Medical School and is seniorpsychiatrist at Medfield State Hospital,Medfield, Massachusetts.Robert Rodnitzky is currently anassistant professor of neurology at theUniversity of Iowa, Iowa City. He hadbeen a medical officer at the UnitedStates Naval Hospital, Portsmouth, Vir­ginia.1968Richard Tully has entered military ser­vice and is assigned to the United StatesNaval Hospital, Naval Regional Medi­cal Center, Camp Lejeune, NorthCarolina. Dr. Tully had been in theDepartment of Radiology at The50 University of Chicago since 1968 as anintern, resident, and Instructor.Stephen B. Strum has moved toVenice, California, and has just finishedwriting a chapter for a monograph onHodgkin's disease.1969Charles J. Brook is in military serviceat Ellsworth Air Force Base, RapidCity, South Dakota.Robert L. Wollmann is in the militaryservice at the Atomic Bomb CasualtyCommittee, Sakurababa-machi 164,Nagasaki-shi, Japan 850.Eugene Schreiner has completed hismedical residency at Albert Einstein­Bronx Municipal Hospital Center, NewYork, and a year of gastroenterology atCornell Medical Center. He is nowbeginning a two-year stint in the UnitedStates Army, assigned to the 121Evacuation Hospital in Seoul, Korea.Kenneth Bridbord has accepted amedical research position with theUnited States Environmental ProtectionAgency in Research Triangle Park,North Carolina.1970Reed C. Rasmussen is at Ellsworth AirForce Base, Rapid City, South Dakota.In May he attended the Aerospace Med­ical Association meetings in Las Vegasand was named flight surgeon of the yearfor the Strategic Air Command of theUnited States Air Force.Michael Sherlock was appointed chiefresident of out-patient medicine at Chil­dren's Hospital, Pittsburgh.1971Mark Batshaw is a pediatric fellow at theKennedy Institute of the Johns HopkinsHospital, Baltimore, Maryland.Maija A. Russell is taking a pathologyresidency at the University of Wiscon­sin, Madison.John A. Schafer completed his intern­ship and one-year medicine residency atThe University of Chicago and is nowbeginning a neurology residency at theUniversity of California at San Fran­cisco.Jeffrey P. Davis has moved fromGainesville, Florida, to Columbia,South Carolina, having finished twoyears of pediatric training. He is pres­ently a member of the Epidemic Intellig­ence Service of the Center for DiseaseControl, serving in the capacity ofassistant state epidemiologist for SouthCarolina.Vincent P. Gurucharri has moved toColumbia, Missouri, and is now asecond-year resident in general surgeryat the University of Missouri. 1972Sandra Ginsberg completed her intern­ship at The University of Chicago andis beginning a residency at State Univer­sity Hospital, Syracuse, New York.Nathan Goldstein III completed ayear as chief resident in pediatrics atIndiana University Riley Hospital forChildren in Indianapolis and is now a fel­low in pediatric pulmonary disease atIndiana University.Robert P. Lorenz completed hisinternship in medicine at The Universityof Chicago and is beginning a residencyat the University of Michigan at AnnArbor.Louis S. Smolensky is beginning a fel­lowship in ambulatory pediatrics, Com­prehensive Care Program, at D.C. Chil­dren's Hospital in Washington, D.C.Robert Waterston will continue hisresearch at Cambridge, England, untilnext June.Edward Oklan received a master'sdegree in public health from the Univer­sity of California at Berkley in June,1973. At present he is on a rotatinginternship at Highland General Hospi­tal, Oakland, California. In July, 1974,he will begin a residency in psychiatryat Langley Porter NeuropsychiatricInstitute, San Francisco.Former StaffC. Knight Aldrich (Psychiatry Professorand Chairman '55-'71) has joined theBlue Ridge Community Mental HealthCenter in Charlottesville, Virginia. Hehad been chairman and professor ofpsychiatry at New Jersey MedicalSchool.William Boggan (Psychiatry In­structor and Assistant Professor '70-'73) has been appointed to the depart­ment of psychiatry at the MedicalUniversity of South Carolina, Charles­ton.Rinaldo Canalis (Surgery Residentand Instructor '66-'73) has beenappointed to the surgery department atHarbor General Hospital, University ofCalifornia at Los Angeles.David J. Chapman (Biology AssistantProfessor '68--'73) has been appointed anassociate professor at the University ofCalifornia at Los Angeles.Robert M. Coles (Intern '54) receiveda 1973 Pulitzer Prize in general nonfic­tion for Children in Crisis, Vols. II andIII.Larry Heck (Radiology Resident andAssistant Professor '67-'73) has joinedthe department of radiology at MethodistHospital of Indiana, Inc., in In­dianapolis.Richard C. LewontinDavid Kahn (Dermatology Resident'39-' 42) has been appointed professor ofmedicine (dermatology), on a parttimebasis, at the College of HumanMedicine, Michigan State University,East Lansing, Michigan.George Karkazis (Radiology Resi­dent, Instructor, and Assistant Profes­sor '68-'73) and Nicholas Kinnas(Radiology Resident and Instructor '69-'73) have been appointed to theradiology department at LutheranGeneral Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois.Henry S. Kingdon (MedicineAssistant and Associate Professor '67-'73) is at the University of NorthCarolina, Chapel Hill.Heinz Kohut (Psychiatry Residentand Faculty '41-'51) and a ProfessorialLecturer at The University of Chicago,will receive an honorary doctor of sci­ence degree from the University of Cin­cinnati this fall.Richard Lewontin (Louis BlockProfessor of Biological Sciences, Profes­sor of Theoretical Biology, on the Com­mittee on Conceptual Foundations ofScience, Chairman of the Committee onEvolutionary Biology, and in the College'64-'73) is the Alexander AgassizProfessor of Zoology at the Museum ofComparative Zoology, Harvard Univer­sity.Zelma Molnar (Pathology Resident,Instructor, and Assistant Professor '62-'73) has been appointed staff pathologistat Hines Veterans Administration Hos­pital in Hines, Illinois, and associateprofessor of pathology, at Stritch Schoolof Medicine, Loyola University.Maria O. Sacris (Obstetrics andGynecology Resident, Instructor,Assistant Professor '67-'73) has enteredprivate practice in Valparaiso, Indiana.Dr. Sacris was appointed a member ofthe clinical associate staff of ChicagoLying-in Hospital and will assist Dr.Moon Kim, Assistant Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, in the areaof endocrinology and infertility.Donald C. Silcox (Medicine Intern,Resident, and Instructor '62-'73) is cur­rently with the Veterans AdministrationHospital in Decatur, Georgia.Terrence Sharett (Radiology Residentand Instructor '71-'73) has joinedAssociated Radiologists in Plainfield,New Jersey.Jerome Starr (Medicine Resident '71-'73) has entered private practice in Wor­cester, Massachusetts.Dennis Whitlow (Plastic SurgeryAssistant and Associate Professor '72-'73) has been appointed to the surgerydepartment at Harbor General Hospital,University of California at Los Angeles.William Yeh (Radiology Resident andInstructor '69-'73) has accepted a posi­tion in Palo Alto, California.Harvey Zarem (Plastic SurgeryAssistant and Associate Professor '66-'73) has been appointed to the surgerydepartment at the University of Califor­nia at Los Angeles.Also ...William Couser (Medicine AssistantProfessor '72-'73) is currently anassistant professor of medicine at theBoston University Medical Center.Stephen E. Line (Zoller Dental ClinicIntern '68-'69) is an assistant professorin the department of periodontology atLouisiana State University School ofDentistry, New Orleans.Carl Margolis (Medicine Intern '64-'65) is currently a staff psychiatrist atChestnut Lodge, Rockville, Maryland.Fred A. Mettler, Jr., (RadiologyIntern '70-'71) has been a radiologist atForbes Air Force Base Hospital,Topeka, Kansas. He is leaving the AirForce to accept a second-year diagnosticradiology residency at MassachusettsGeneral Hospital in Boston under aNational Institutes of Health fellowship.Mitchell Sheinkop (Surgery-Orthopedics Assistant Professor '72-'73) has been appointed assistant profes­sor in the department of orthopedic sur­gery, Ruch Medical College, andassistant attending surgeon in orthopedicsurgery at St. Luke's-Presbyterian Hos­pital, Chicago.Marshall Sparberg (Medicine Fellow'64-'65), director of the gastroenterologyclinics and the Laboratory for the Studyof Esophageal Diseases at theNorthwestern University medicalschool, Chicago, was named theschool's outstanding clinical professor of1973. His book with William Bucking­ham and Martin Brandfonbrener, APrimer of Clinical Diagnosis, is enteringits second Harper and Row printing. Also, he recently authored IleostomyC are for Charles Saunders and Com­pany.Constantine J. Tatooles (SurgeryIntern, Resident, and Instructor '61-'69)is currently chief of cardiovascular andthoracic surgery at the University ofIllinois at the Medical Center, Chicago.I1za Veith (History of Medicine Lec­turer, Assistant Professor, andAssociate Professor '49-'64), professorand vice chairman of the department ofhistory of medicine at the University ofCalifornia at San Francisco, has pub­lished Acupuncture Therapy: CurrentChinese Practice with the TempleUniversity Press. Her coauthors wereLeong T. Tan and Margaret Y.-C. Tan,both of whom are 1958 graduates of TheUniversity of Chicago.Philip D. Watson (Pediatrics Internand Resident '69-'71) is leaving thedepartment of clinical pharmacology ofthe University of California at San Fran­cisco to become an assistant professorof pediatrics and pharmacology at theUniversity of Arizona Medical Center,Tucson.Harwell Wilson (Surgery Resident andInstructor '32-'39) was recently honoredby his former surgical residents, whoestablished "The Harwell Wilson Surgi­cal Lectureship" at the University ofTennessee College of Medicine. The lec­tureship was announced during a"Harwell Wilson Appreciation Day,"consisting of a sciencific program and adinner at the Memphis Country Club.Association ActivitiesEach year certain anniversary classeshold reunions. This year the class of1953 had the enthusiasm to hold tworeunions, West and Midwest. The Medi­cal Alumni Association hopes classesplanning reunions during 1974 will con­sider gatherings similar to thosedescribed below.Considering the westward migrationof the class (one-third live in California),the reunion committee for the class of1953 chose Memorial Day weekend fora get-together and held it in San Fran­cisco. Chairman Marvin Weinrebarranged for an elegant and authentic 10-course Chinese banquet at the ImperialPalace restaurant on that Saturday even­ing.Frank Fitch, Professor of Pathologyat The University of Chicago and a classmember, and Mrs. Fitch travelled to SanFrancisco supplied with campus slidesand greetings from colleagues inChicago. At the banquet Dr. Fitch pre­sented Hugh Fudenberg with the Distin­guished Service Award of the MedicalAlumni Association in recognition of his51contributions to immunology, hema­tology, and genetics. Dr. Fudenberg wasunable to travel to Chicago for the June7 Alumni Day presentation. On Sundayafternoon, with beautiful weather prevai­ling, the group met for cocktails at theSt. Francis Yacht Club. This was fol­lowed by a luncheon cruise by privateyacht through the Golden Gate Bridgeand around the bay.The following attended the west coastreunion: Norman and Eloise Cadman,Sophie and Harvey Casson, Ken andShirley Coffield, Hugh and Betty Fuden­berg, Jim and Olga Gabby, Dick andDiana Homer and their children,Charles and Terry Johnson, John andDonna Sommer, Conrad and Elizabethand Andrew Thurstone, Mary and IleneWeinreb and their children, and Clar­ence and Nancy Young.The class of 1953 also held a reunionJune 7 in Chicago at the time of theannual banquet of the Medical AlumniAssociation. Those coming fromPanama; the east, west, and gulf coasts;and points in between included: DeanDimock, John and Vera Doull, Claytonand Barbara Edisen , Alex Ervanian,Robert Esquivel, Frank and ShirleyFitch, David and Marion Greer, EdLyon, Dick and Marion Reilly, andClarence and Nancy Young. Dr. Fitchand his wife entertained members of theclass at their home after the banquet.Statistics from the class of 1953 ques­tionnaire show that class members livein 18 states and Panama, with 37 percentin California. Internal medicine is themost popular specialty. Thirty-two classmembers, 48 percent, have some type ofacademic affiliation.On June 7 at the association banquet,two other classes, 1923 and 1948, heldreunions. Chairman of the 1948 reunionwas Marc O. Beem.1974 Distinguished Service AwardsNominations are being accepted now forthe 1974 Distinguished Service Awardsto be presented on next year's AlumniDay. The candidates are chosen for dis­tinction in research or in patient care.Graduates, former house staff, andformer faculty are eligible for considera­tion. Recipients of the award must bepresent on Alumni Day to accept theaward and to give a 20-minute presenta­tion on their research. Candidates areusually chosen from the younger alumni.Please Mail a brief summary of your can­didate's qualifications to:A wards CommitteeMedical Alumni Association1025 East 57th StreetChicago, Illinois 60637Nominations must be submitted byJanuary 15, 1974.52 Dr. Clarence and Nancy Young of Apple Valley, California, enjoy the class of 1953 reunion inSan Francisco during an afternoon cruise of San Francisco Bay.(left to right) Mrs. Ilene Weinreb, Dr. Norman Cadman, and Dr. Conrad Thurstone enjoy the upperdeck atmosphere during the class of 7953 cruise.Class of 7953 representatives at the San Francisco reunion dinner at the Imperial Palace restaurant.(left to right) Top row: Charles Johnson, John Sommer, Jim Gabby, and Hugh Fudenberg. Middlerow: Clarence Young, Sophie Casson, Conrad Thurstone, and Dick Homer. Bottom row: NormanCadman, Marvin Weinreb, Ken Coffield, and Frank Fitch.Nothing in the world lastsSave eternal change-Honorat De Buei INAME Graduation YearHome Address TelephoneCity, State, ZipBusiness Address TelephoneNew address? City, State, ZipTitleNew position?New medical practice?military assignment?civic or professional honor?book?Please tear out, fold, staple, or tape, and drop in the mail box. Thanks!Medical Alumni Association1025 East 57th StreetChicago, Illinois 60637Fold this flap in first r-------,I I: Place :: Stamp :: Here :I IL .JREMEMBER The 1973 Medical Alumni FundThere is still time to participate in the 1973 Medi­cal Alumni Fund. Your gift is needed.Remember, the deadline for gifts to the 1973fund is December 31. This is the deadline forrecognition in the medical school's Honor Rollof Contributors. If you would like your gift to theUniversity to be credited to our Medical AlumniFund, please indicate this on your check orenvelope. Checks must be received by January15,1974.Donors contributing $1,000 or more are re­cognized as Medical Alumni Patrons andDean's Associates.Donors contributing $500 are recognized asMedical Alumni Sponors.Donors contributing $100 are recognized asCentury Club membersOur greatest need is for unrestricted gifts tothe medical school. However, all gifts, whetherrestricted or unrestricted, are needed and will beappreciated.Listed below are some of the named fundsestablished by medical alumni and friends of theschool. You may wish to earmark your 1973 giftto one of them.We urge all medical alumni to support the1973 fund. Student AidWilliam Bloom Student Loan FundPaul R. Cannon Loan FundYing Tak Chan Loan FundGeorge F. Dick Loan FundJoel Murray Ferguson Loan FundLloyd Ferguson Scholarship FundAbraham J. Freiler Endowment FundJohn W. Green Sr. FundRoger N. Harmon Scholarship FundBasil Harvey Loan FundVictor Horsley Loan FundEleanor Humphreys Loan FundHilger P. Jenkins Loan FundDeane Iastrornb Loan FundFranklin Mclean Scholarship FundMedical Alumni Loan FundMedical Students General Loan FundMedical Students General Scholarship FundGeorge W. Merck Loan FundRoberg Scholarship FundA. Lewis Rosi Memorial Scholarship FundR. M. Scott Memorial Scholarship FundNels M. Strandjord Loan FundFrank W. Woods Loan FundOther Restricted FundsBen May Leukemia Research FundDepartment of AnesthesiologyDepartment of MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyDepartment of OphthalmologyDepartment of PathologyDepartment of PediatricsDepartment of SurgeryEmmet Bay Memorial Lectureship FundHans Hecht Lectureship FundEdith Harris Heart Research FundCharles B. Huggins ProfessorshipAlex B. Krill Memorial FundWalter Palmer Visiting ProfessorshipZoller-Wyler Development FundMedicine on the MidwayThe University of ChicagoThe Medical Alumni AssociationThe Pritzker School of Medicine1025 East 57th Street 'Chicago, Illinois 60637 NON-PROFIT ORG.U.S. POST AGEPAIDPERMIT NO. 9666CHICAGO, ILL.•Address corrections requestedreturned postage guaranteed- 'r-'. ' .. .The Joseph Regenstein L!brar,ySerial Records De1100 . partment, Roo:n�222East 57th StreetChicago, IllinoIs 60637