The first in a continumg series of featurearticles on Chicago alumni appears on page23. This series is intended to recognize out­standing or unusual accomplishments, whichmayor may not be directly related to medi­cal practice.A letter from the new president of the Alum­ni Association appears on page 37 and pro­vides the inspiration for another innovation,one which we hope will have wide response.The Cummings Life Science Center, whichwill add greatly to the physical facilities, nowis under construction. A report and an art­ist's drawing of the Center may be found onpage 4.Material relating to [he annual Reunion Ban­quet appears on page 20. And, finally, theabstracts from the Senior Scientific Sessionbegin on page 27.In this issue . . .The Department of Medicine is the largestsingle department in the Division of theBiological Sciences. In our last issue, weannounced the appointment of Dr. Alvin R.Tarlov to head this department. We arepleased to have him discuss the concerns andcommitments of the Department of Medi­cine as it moves into the 1970s.In a brief article that encompasses both thepast and future, Dr. Edith L. Potter addres­ses herself to the subject of women in medi­Cine.On the cover: Dr. Alvin Tarlou listens intently while an intern gives a casereport during morning rounds. D1·. T'arloo's own research interest is in themetabolism of red blood cells, especially the structure and function of cell mem­branes. His teaching has been directed toward the integration of modern biol­ogy into the clinical medical curriculum. He has been on tile Chicago facultysince 196-1. In 1966. he was named a John and Mary R. Mary R. Markle Foun­dation Scholar ill Academic Medicine.See the center section of this issue for our special [eature on "The Departmentof Medicine Moues l nto The Scucnucs,"DATA COLLECTION BEGUN ON CARDIAC DRUG STUDYLEUKEMIA SIGNAL?SYMPTOMATIC POTPOURRICUMMINGS F AMIL Y GIVES TO LIFE SCIENCE CENTER1970 FRONTIERS OF MEDICINEDR. JOHN MULLAN NAMED FIRST SEELEY PROFESSORREPORT ON MINORITY GROUPSDR. PALOYAN GETS MCCLINTOCK AWARDTRANSITION FROM CLASS TO JOB IS EASED BY NURSE-INTERNSHIPFISHBEIN LECTURES PRESENTED75TH ANNIVERSARY FOR CHICAGO LYING-INMICHAEL REESE FACULTY GET CHICAGO ApPOINTMENTSWOMEN IN MEDICINE: A PERSONAL VIEWTHE DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE MOVES INTO THE SEVENTIESFACULTY NEWS ...ALUMNI BANQUET,AWARDSPROFESSIONAL ACHIEVEMENT AWARDSRICKETTS AWARDNEWS OF ALUMNIQUANTRELL AWARDNEWS OF FORMER FACULTY, INTERNS, AND RESIDENTSNEWS OF RUSH ALUMNISENIOR SCIENTIFIC SESSIONASSOCIATION ACTIVITIESA LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT 22345677810101011121920Contents222223252626273637Bulletin of the Medical Alumni Association of The University of ChicagoDivision of the Biological Sciences and The Pritzker School of Medicine950 East 59th StreetChicago, Illinois 60637Volume 25 Fall 1970 No.2Editor: Virginia M. SnodgrassMedical Alumni Association: Sidney Schulman, '46, President; Edward S. Lyon, '53, Vice­President; Henry P. Russe, '57, Secretary; Catherine L. Dobson, '30, Treasurer; Katherine T.Wolcott, Executive Secretary. Council Members are: Robert L. Schmitz, '38; Larnpis D. Anag­nostopoulos, '61 j C. Frederick Kittle, '45, and Heinz Kohut.Cover photograph by lloyd Eldon SaundersData Collection Begunon Cardiac Drug StudyThe most elaborate and carefully plannedcardiac drug study ever conducted now isunderway at The University of Chicago,according to Dr. Richard Jones, AssociateProfessor of Medicine and Director of thenew project.The Cardiac Drug Project (CDP) is de­signed to determine the value of reducingthe cholesterol level as a method of prevent­ing heart attacks. Planning for the projectbegan in 1960, although patients were not·enrolled until 1967."About 25 percent of all deaths in theUnited States are caused by diseases of theheart and circulatory system, and the ratesare much higher if you consider only thatsegment of the population over 40 years ofage," Dr. Jones said."We know that there is a correlation be­tween high cholesterol and heart attacks,"he continued, "but there is no data as yetto prove definitively that lowering the levelof cholesterol will prevent attacks. The CDPshould generate the data needed to finallyprove or disprove the conclusion."A total of 8,300 patients, in more than 50centers located throughout the United States,are involved in the CDP. Patients are male,less than 65 years of age, not on anti­coagulant therapy, and have suffered a heartattack as documented by change in electro­cardiograph readings.People with a history of heart attack werechosen because of their statistically higherprobability for an attack than the generalpublic. In this way, a smaller sample can beused to generate valid data, Dr. Jones said.Almost 1,000 patients have been interview­ed at the Hospitals and Clinics to fillthe University's 125-patient quota. Patientsare given a series of tests to determine thecholesterol level and the amount of variousother substances in the blood. These initialvalues may be used to determine the amountof change occurring after onset of treatment.Data from these tests is prepared for com­puter use and sent to a coordinating centerin Baltimore, Maryland. At the center there,the data is filed, the patient is given a code Dr. Richard Jonesnumber, and randomly assigned to receiveone of the four drugs used in the study.Patients make scheduled return visits, nor­mally one evqy four months, at which timeblood and urine samples are taken. Thesesamples, plus annual chest X-rays and elec­trocardiograms, are sent to the CentralLaboratory of the National CommunicableDisease Center in Atlanta, Georgia, for pro­cessing. It is estimated that the Georgialaboratory receives from 250 to 300 ship­ments weekly; each shipment contains from4,500 to 5,000 specimens. Thus, the labora­tory's daily analytical load is approximately3,000 separate tests.Results of these tests are checked, sorted,recorded, and compiled for each patient bycomputer and the data sent to the patient'sclinic and to the Coordinating Center."While it still is too early to have sta­tistically valid data," Dr. Jones commented,"it appears that the mortality rate of thepatients in the study is lower than the na­tional norm."Other members of The University of Chi­cago team are Mrs. Pat Bradley, ClinicCoordinator, and Dr. Miguel Gambetta,post-doctoral fellow in Medicine.Besides the University, other Chicago cen­ters participating in the CDP are the North­western University Medical School, Presby­terian St. Luke's Hospital, and St. Joseph'sHospital. Leukemia Signal?The possibility that chromosomal abnormal­ities in bone marrow are an early warn­ing of leukemia is the object of a long­term study by Dr. Janet A. Rowley, '49,Associate Professor of Medicine.She is quick to note that the possibilityis an unproven assumption-one that hasbeen subjected to close scrutiny at Chicagoduring the past six years.The significance of establishing a relation­ship, if it exists, is obvious. If chromosomalabnormality is an early signal, treatmentcould be instituted before the abnormal cellline became dominant.Dr. Rowley's research is conducted at Ar­gonne Cancer Research Hospital, operatedby the University for the Atomic EnergyCommission, and is supported in part by theSt. Joseph County Cancer Society, SouthBend, Indiana.Although Dr. Rowley's own study beganin 1964, physicians were pondering the sig­nificance of the "pre-leukemic" pattern asearly as 1950. They also were working todevise ways in which to make definitediagnosis of the disease in its earliest stages.In March 1950, Dr. Matthew Block of theUniversity of Colorado and Dr. Leon O.Jacobson, writing in the Journal of theAmerican Medical Association, reported atechnique of spleen biopsy to distinguishbetween types of leukemia and other dis­eases which attack the blood-forming organs.(Dr. Jacobson now is Dean of The PrirzkerSchool of Medicine and the Division of theBiological Sciences.)This step in differentiating between leu­kemia and diseases which imitate it laid thegroundwork for still other. investigations.The technique of examining bone marrowfor chromosomal abnormalities was intro­duced in 1959-60. Physicians then wonderedif the abnormality was present first or wassecondary to the disease process. A few hy­pothesized that the irregularity might makea person more susceptible to diseases such asleukemia-and that perhaps it was an in­herited trait.Dr. Rowley confesses that she has had toalter her own thinking as a result of her in­vestigations; although the results are incon­clusive, some of them contradict previousassumptions."In 1964-65," she said, "I thought if wefound patients with chromosomal abnor­malities, leukemia would develop and thepatients would die within a period ofmonths. Now we know abnormalities canbe present for a long time with no evidenceof leukemia."The chromosomal abnormality usually con­sists of too many, too few, or brokenchromosomes. In the bone marrow of onewoman, for example, there were two toomany chromosomes in about 20 percent ofthe cells studied. It is Dr. Rowley's beliefthat about 50 percent of leukemic patientshave some such pattern and that more prob­ably have abnormalities too small to be de­tected.In her ongoing study, she has seen morethan 100 persons who fall into the generalpre-leukemic pattern. About 10 percent dis-. ' played chromosomal abnormalities in bonemarrow cells, but only one later developedleukemia. Since 1964, approximately 30 ofthe total group of patients have died, butonly three of acute leukemia. The age of thepatients ranges from 18 to 80 years. Thenumber of males and females is roughlyequal, with chromosomal abnormalitiesfound more frequently in males.Her control group consists of 80 patientswith hematologic disorders of the bloodsecondary to some other disease process. Inthese patients, the bone marrow chromo­somes are normal.Dr. Rowley noted that, at present, onlya few scientists around the country arestudying the significance of chromosomalabnormalities in pre-leukemic patients. Shealso thinks it likely that no other laboratoryhas a follow-up study in progress as largeor covering so long a period of time as thestudy at Chicago.One patient cited by Dr. Rowley was ob­served for two-and-a-half years prior to death... 'Dr.Tanet Rowley looks at a photomicrograph sllowing chromosomal abnormality. He showed abnormal bleeding caused by toofew platelets. A chromosomal' abnormalitywas noted in 60 percent of the marrow cells.When his spleen was removed, the samechromosomal abnormality was apparent inabout 20 percent of the cells. Approximatelyone month before his death, the abnormalcell line became progressively more domi­nant and was evident in 95 percent of themarrow cells; at this time he clearly hadacute myelocytic leukemia.Other patients studied have been followedfor as long as five years, and some withquite low platelet counts still are alive.Because some have died of other causes, oneunresolved question is whether they wouldhave developed leukemia had they lived longenough.In the absence of clear answers to the fas­cinating questions posed by this medicalpuzzler, Dr. Rowley continues to accumulatedata that one day could provide clear direc­tion.Symptomatic PotpourriMore than a dozen different diseases leadto the classical symptoms of gout, accordingto Dr. Leif B. Sorensen, Associate Professorof Medicine in the University's Division ofthe Biological Sciences and The PritzkerSchool of Medicine."The characteristic symptoms result fromthe deposition of crystals in body tissue­usually a joint," he said.The crystals causing gout are composedof the sodium salt of uric acid, the end resultof purine metabolism in man.When the level of uric acid nses abovenormal, Dr. Sorenson noted, some of it maycome out of solution. The resulting crystalsof urate are responsible for the inflammationwhich typifies acute gOllty arthritis but mayalso cause damage to vital tissues in suchorgans as the heart and kidney.Cummings Family Gives toLife Science CenterA gift of 2.7 million dollars from NathanCummings, prominent industrialist, will aidin making possible construction of an 11-story building for teaching and research inthe biological sciences.Announcement of the gift by the NathanCummings family of Chicago was made byEdward H. Levi, President of The Univer­sity of Chicago.Construction is well under way on thenew building which will be named the Cum­mings Life Science Center.Dr. Leon O. Jacobson, Dean of the Divisionof the Biological Sciences and The PritzkerSchool of Medicine, said:"The building will be a major center foracademic pursuit in the basic sciences. Wehave long had within our faculty some ofthe world's most distinguished teachers andscientists in basic research. This Center willhelp givel them the facilities they need andwill attract outstanding students and scholarsin these vital areas."The building will provide 36 laboratoryunits and complete supporting facilities forthe Departments' of Biochemistry, Bio­physics, and Microbiology. The cost will beapproximately $12 million. The remainingfunds will come from a combination ofsources, including a Ford Foundation facili­ties grant and an anticipated grant from thefederal government.The Center is being constructed on the northside of 58th Street between Drexel and Ellisavenues in the heart of the campus.Dr. Jacobson adds: "The Center will facili­tate the broad interdisciplinary programsthat involve both the biological and physicalsciences. It will provide the University withthe laboratories, men, and technology capa­ble of keeping pace with the almost un­believable frontiers in biochemistry, bio­physics, and microbiology."Many of these findings form the underpin­nings for the knowledge and skills necessaryto control and cure disease and relate directlyto the very important clinical activities inThe University of Chicago Hospitals andClinics and Michael Reese Hospital." "The Aileronde" by Antoine Poncet. Contri­buted by the Cummings family from its art col­lection, the scupture is intended to stand infront of the completed Cummings Life ScienceCenter.Nathan Cummings is the founder, formerChairman of the Board, and now a Directorand Chairman of the Executive Committeeof the Consolidated Foods Corporation. Heis also involved in a number of other busi­ness enterprises.Born in St. John, New Brunswick, Canada,Cummings now lives and has his headquar­ters in New York.He is an internationally recognized philan­thropist and well known patron of both thefine and performing arts. He recently wasnamed Honorary Trustee of the Metropoli­tan Museum of New York.He is a Governing Life Member of the ArtInstitute of Chicago and a Life Governor ofJewish General Hospital III Montreal,Canada.The Cummings Life Science Center will bepart of a broader planned science complexwhich will include the existing biological and physical science facilities of the Uni­versity and new facilities.The three departments that will be housed inthe new Center are already among the mostdistinguished areas of the University:The Department of Biochemistry, underthe Chairmanship of Professor Earl A.Evans, [r., is concerned with the training ofundergrade, graduate and post-doctoral stu­dents. Its faculty is engaged in the study ofthe chemical aspects of living organisms.Research in the Department ranges fromstudies of the synthesis of deoxyribonucleican dribonucleic acid to studies of virusgrowth, insect hormones, and investigationsinto the biosynthesis of insulin which mayhave a profound effect on the treatment ofdiabetes.Founded in 1919 as Physiological Chemistry,the Department has developed to where itincludes 11 faculty members and 28 staffmembers who hold joint appointments inother departments.Its current membership includes 70 graduatestudents, 31 undergraduates and 32 postdoc­toral fellows. Professor Evans has beenChairman of the Department since 1942. Inthe past two decades, the Department haspublished more than 2,000 research paperson subjects including carbohydrate metabo­lism, lipid metabolism, steroid chemistry,virus research, photosynthesis, and chemo­therapy.The Department of Biophysics, under theChairmanship of Robert Haselkorn, has 8full-time faculty members, 13 postdoctoralfellows, and 33 graduate students engaged inresearch in the areas of molecular and cellbiology, emphasizing the concepts andmethods of physics and chemistry.The Department originated shortly afterWorld War II as the Committee on Bio­physics. Its initial membership includedNobel Laureate James Franck and the phy­sicist Leo Szilard. Formal degree-grantingauthority and a graduate program were insti­tuted in 1954, and the Committee becamethe Department of Biophysics in 1964.Current research interests in the Departmentcenter on the structure and function of bio­logically important macromolecules. Mem­bers of the Department are internationallyknown for their work on chromosome struc­ture, the chemistry of motile systems, x-raydiffraction studies of crystalline enzymes andnucleic acids, the electronic properties oforiented polypeptides, the regulation of geneexpression in virus-infected bacteria, the ana­lysis of DNA replication in green algae, andthe development of extremely high resolu­tion electron microscopy.The Department of Microbiology, underthe Chairmanship of Bernard S. Strauss, con- ducts research on the cells and cell com­ponents of microorganisms and of normaland infected higher organisms. With 10full-time faculty members, 13 research asso­ciates, 4 postdoctoral fellows, and 31 gradu­ate students, the Department-founded in1910-is conducting research on animal andbacterial viruses (including viruses associatedwith cancer), on microbial genetics and bio­chemistry and on pathogenic microorgan­isms and animal agents of disease. Specificresearch has led to important findings now.used in the treatment of such diseases asmalaria and cholera.Artist's drawing of tlu: Cummings Life Science Center now under construction 011 58th Street hi',tween Drexel and Ellis avenues. 1970 Frontiers ofMedicineThe sixth annual Frontiers of Medicine seriesfor practicing physicians opened Wednes­day, October 14, with a program on "Com­mon Endocrine Problems of Childhood andAdolescence."The 1970-71 series will present informationon a wide range of recent medical advancesunder the sponsorship of the Committee onContinuing Medical Education of the Divi­sion of the Biological Sciences and The Pritz­ker School of Medicine.Nine sessions have been scheduled Eight willbe presented the second Wednesday of eachmonth through May 1971,jrom 2:00 to 5:30P.M. in the Frank Billings Auditorium(Room P-1l7) of Albert Merritt BillingsHospital.Cardiac DiseaseThe ninth conference, on "Surgical Therapyfor Cardiac Disease," has been set forWednesday, March 24, 1971. It will be co­ordinated by Dr. Hans H. Hecht, the Blum­Riese Professor of Medicine and Physiology.The fee for the series, which emphasizesclinical application, is $100, or $15 for anindividual session. Advance registration isrequested.Pediatric EndocrinologyThe October 14 program emphasized theaspects of pediatric endocrinology of special�nificance to the physician dealing withyoung adults and included discussions ofrecent additions to the diagnostic and thera­peutic armamentarium. The coordinator wasDr. Robert L. Rosenfield. Assistant Professorof Pediatrics.Diagnostic M edicineThe November 11 th program. coordinatedby Dr. Joseph B. Kirsncr, the Louis BlockProfessor of Medicine and Head of the Sec­tion of Gastroenterology. will deal with "Im­portant Advances in Diagnostic Medicine."The program will describe a variety of recentdiagnostic developments in the held� of en­docrinology, nuclear medicine. radiohlgy.and gastroenterology. It will upd.ue inlormation on these procedures and describetheir clinical applications and usefulness.Burns Management"Current Concepts in the Management ofBurns" will be discussed at the December9th program. The problems unique to theburned individual may be anticipated fromknowledge of the etiology of the burn andthe patient's age and background. The treat­ment of the severely burned has been im­proved in recent years by attention to suchsystemic problems as myocardial depressionand the use of topical antibiotics. The appli­cation of these advances to management ofburn patients in various burn centers will bediscussed. Dr. Harvey A. Zarem, AssociateProfessor of Plastic Surgery, will serve ascoordinator.Infectious DiseasesThe January 13th program will deal with"New Developments in the Treatment ofInfectious Diseases." The session will coverareas of infectious diseases that are relevantto clinical practice and that have shown sig­nificant changes in the last three years. Itwill cover those ateas where new problems,new drugs or new diagnostic procedureshave arisen and will attempt to point out tothe practitioner some problems that he maybe seeing in the future. Dr. John Kasik, '54,Associate Professor of Medicine at the Uni­versity of Iowa, will be the coordinator.N eruous Patient"Getting to the Point with the NervousPatient" will be the topic of the February10th program. It will answer such questionsas:-How can the physician with a busy sched­ule best conserve his time in the diagnosis,treatment and referral of patients with mild­er psychiatric disorders?-Which patients should he referred to thepsychiatrist, and how can they be detectedearly?Dr. Edward Stein, Instructor in the Depart­ment of Psychiatry, will coordinate.Conception ControlThe March 10 program will deal with the "Control of Conception." This program con­cerning problems associated with conceptioncontrol will aim to familiarize the physicianwith the most current developments in thefield. The application, limitations, and sig­nificance of the various new techniques willbe discussed to provide practical assistancefor clinicians concerned with these problems.Dr. Frederick P. Zuspan, the Joseph BolivarDeLee Professor and Chairman of the De­partment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, willserve as coordinator.Renal FailureThe April 14th program will deal with"The Management of Renal Failure," andwill be coordinated by Dr. Adrian 1. Katz,Assistant Professor of Medicine. The man­agement of the patient with both acute andchronic renal failure has changed consider­ably in the last few years with the advent ofhemodialysis and kidney transplantation aspractical therapeutic techniques. The treat­ment of renal failure by these methods, aswell as their availability and limitations, willbe presented in this program.Vascular DiseaseThe final program, scheduled for May 12,will deal with "Vascular Occl usive Disease."In the wide spectrum of vascular disease,important advances are rapidly occurring.New operations, new diagnostic techniques,previously unrecognized disease states, andnew medical therapies characterize this sub­ject. The program will attempt to provide adiscussion of the most significant clinicalproblems in many types of vascular diseasesand their solutions. It will be coordinated byDr. C. Frederick Kittle, '45, Professor ofSurgery and Chief of the Section of Thoracicand Cardiovascular Surgery.Credit OfferedThe "Frontiers of Medicine, 1970-71" seriesis acceptable for 29 1/4 elective hours bythe American Academy of General Practice.Additional information may be obtained bywriting to: Frontiers of Medicine, The Uni­versity of Chicago, BH 451, 950 East 59thStreet, Chicago, Illinois 60637, or by calling(312) 684-6100, ext. 5272. Dr. John MullanNamed FirstSeeley ProfessorDT. John F. MullanDr. John F. Mullan, Professor of Surgery(Neurosurgery) in The Pritzker School ofMedicine and the Division of the BiologicalSciences, has been named the first JohnHarper Seeley Professor of Neurological Sci­ence.The appointment was announced in July byJohn T. Wilson, Provost of the University.Dr. Mullan, 45, also became Acting Chair­man of the Department of Surgery in July,upon the resignation as Chairman of Dr.Rene Menguy, Professor of Surgery.The John Harper Seeley Foundation of Chi­cago was established in 1945 by the lateHalsted H. and Laurel Seeley of Ann Arbor,Michigan, in memory of their son, who waskilled in action in 1944 while serving withthe United States Navy in the Pacific dur­ing World War II.The grant establishing the professorship wasmade by the Foundation, with the notationthat it was made possible through the effortsof the Women's Council Board of the Uni­versity's Brain Research Foundation (BRF),and particularly through the efforts of Mrs.Miles G. (Jane) Seeley, a trustee of theSeeley Foundation and an active member ofthe Women's Council Board. In acknowl­edgement, the Foundation directed that thefirst installment of the grant be given to theUniversity through BRF.The Brain Research Foundation, founded in1953, became affiliated with The Universityof Chicago in 1964. Its purposes are:-To promote research on the human brainincluding the prevention and cure of braindisorders;-To further professional and scientific edu­cation to the end that there will be betterunderstanding of brain-related illnesses andway to protect the brain and to capitalize onits potential, and-To establish brain research centers.In announcing Dr. Mullan's appointment asActing Chairman of the Department of Sur­gery, Dean Leon O. Jacobson cited Dr. Mul­lan's accomplishments in neurosurgery andadded that he was especially qualified to pro­vide continuing leadership for his depart­ment.A native of County Derry, Northern Ireland,Dr. Mullan attended Queen's University,Belfast, where he received degrees in medi­cine, surgry, and obstetrics. He served hisinternship in the Royal Victoria Hospital,Belfast, and then did residencies in generaland neurological surgery at hospitals in Bel­fast, London, and Montreal.He joined the Chicago faculty as AssistantProfessor of Neurosurgery and became afull professor in 1963. In 1967, he was ap­pointed Chief of the Section of Neuro­surgery.In 1961, Dr. Mullan received the McClintockAward, given annually by the graduatingclass of The Pritzker School of Medicine toan outstanding teacher.He is a fellow of the Royal College of Sur­geons and the American College of Surgeonsand a member of the American Society forNeurological Surgery, the Society of Neu­rological Surgeons, the American Academyof Neurological Surgery, the Central Neu­rologieal Society, the Chicago NeurologicalSociety, and the Society for University Sur­geons. He is the author of a textbook, Es­rentlals of Neurosurgery for Students andPractitioners, and more than 45 articles inmedical journals. Report onMinority GroupsAs long as minority groups are treated withracist or autocratic behavior, they will bedependent and hostile, according to Dr.Robert S. Daniels, Associate Professor ofPsychiatry and Associate Dean for Socialand Community Medicine.Dr. Daniels is one of the authors of a newpublication, Delivery Systems for the ModelCities-New Concepts in Serving the UrbanCommunity."The focus of any human service programmust be in part to develop community lead­ership and autonomy," he said. "Until thepeople involved have pride, a sense of iden­tity and actual equality, the efforts will proba­bly continue to be inadequate."The book is a collection of eight essayspresented last year during a conference spon­sored by the University's Center for PolicyStudy and Center for Urban Studies. Theessayists analyze complex social welfareproblems and suggest possible improvementsor innovative alternatives for aiding theurban poor.Dr. Daniels also writes: "The methods fororganizing and delivering medical servicesreflect the administrative control and author­ity issues. Citizens rarely are asked whatthey want or need. They seldom are involvedin the services offered. They feel psychologi­cally distant and unwelcome, and they turnfor help only in extreme difficulty, oftenwhen the situation is emergent."At best, such administrative arrangementsfrequently are a benevolent continuation ofthe master-slave authority."The publication is available from The Uni­versity of Chicago Center for Policy StudyPublications Office. Dr. Paloyan GetsMcClintock AwardDr. Edward PaloyanDr. Edward Paloyan, Associate Professorof Surgery, received the coveted J. A.McClintock Award, given annually to theoutstanding teacher in the medical school.The graduating seniors select the recipientof this award, which was presented to Dr.Paloyan by Jane Mutti, a member of theClass of 1970.Dr. James A. McClintock, '42, also a sur­geon, established the award in 1960 inhonor of his father, J. A. McClintock, whodied in 1961.Dr. Paloyan is a native of Paris, France.He received his M.D. degree from TheUniversity of Chicago in 1956. He alsoserved his internship and residency here.From 1958 to 1960, Dr. Paloyan was onduty with the U.S. Navy. Following mili­tary service, he returned to the Universityto finish his training in surgery.In 1962-63, he was on an American Di­abetes Association Fellowship. In 1963, hejoined the faculty with the rank of Instruc­tor in Surgery.As academic fields of special interest, Dr.Paloyan lists surgery of the endocrineglands, and cl inical and laboratory researchin the field of pancreatic, gastric, ami para­thyroid physiology.He is a member of Sigma Xi, the AmericanFederation for Clinical Research, the Chi­cago Endocrine Society, Chicago SurgicalSociety, Society of University Surgeons.Ch icago Soc iety of Gastroenterology, IllinoisSurgical Society, Association for AcademicSurgcry, the New York Academy ot Scicnce, and is a Fellow of the AmericanCollege of Surgeons.Transition from Class to Jobis Eased by N ursc- InternshipA first-year follow-up of the Nurse-Intern­ship Program at The University of ChicagoHospitals and Clinics reveals satisfactoryresults from participants and a marked in­crease in the number of applicants for theprogram.Of the six nurses enrolled in the first twointernship classes, all have remained at theHospitals and Clinics. Seventeen new nurseswere graduated this summer, 10 are enrolledin classes which began in September, andapplications are coming in for the followingyear."Our results with the Nurse-Internship Pro­gram at this hospital confirm that such pro­grams are a necessity in an age of rapidadvancement in technique and theory," saidMrs. Marilyn Edmunds, Coordinator of theprogram."Because today's nursing schools are obligedto devote more of the curriculum to class­room studies than to practical experience,"she continued, "today's graduate generallyneeds a period of orientation into profes­sional practice. The graduate must developconfidence in the performance of skills andin the leadership role of a professional nurse."Most young nurses are dynamic and eageras they begin practice. Unfortunately, theyoften become embittered rapidly. At the crit­ical period when they are beginning theyneed to know the facilities, equipment, andpeople in their hospital in order to be maxi­mally effective. This is the type of trainingand support the Nurse-Internship Programprovides."In brief, the Program consists of threemonths of learning by doing. Nurse internsspend most oftheir time assigned to perma­nent units but each one chooses two two­week experiences in such specialty areas asthe Coma-Care Unit, the Intensive CareUnit, the Coronary Care Unit, the Emer­gency Room, etc. A participant may alsochoose other areas or situations where moreexperience is desired. Evening and nightduty are included as part of the regular pro­gram.Scheduled throughout the three-month pro- fident in my nursing ability as I am today."Miss McNeal is a graduate of a two-yearassociate degree program in nursing andnow is employed in the Emergency Room ofthe Hospitals and Clinics.Another comment came from DebbieGlenn, graduate of a four-year baccalaurateprogram in nursing and currently involvedin the Nurse-Internship Program:"I, too, felt generally insecure about imme­diately assuming nursing responsibilities,especially since I had had no experienceeither in the Emergency Room or in Inten­sive Care. The program has been of tre­mendous help in learning the ways of thehospital and how to use them to the patient'sbest advantage."Mrs. Lorraine Fernbach, right, former Nurse Internship Coordinator, explains Inhalation Therapyemergency equipment to nurse interns, from left, Sharon McNeal, Cam Christensen, and [anetHartwig.gram are conferences and classes geared tothe practical "how to" of nursing care, in­cluding a full week of leadership training."When a nurse first comes out of training,she usually is afraid to jump right intopractice," says Sharon McNeal, who recent­ly completed the Nurse-Internship program."The responsibilities of a nurse are seriousand, generally, it takes at least six monthsto a year to be comfortable on the job."I found the Nurse-Internship Program veryhelpful, not only in terms of developingskills, hut also in assessing my role in themedical field. I learned to assert myself in apatient care role and to perform with assur­ance. I can easily say that without the Nurse­Internship Program, I would not be as con-Wilbur Cohen Delivers Michael Davis LectureA "phased approach" of financing health in­surance for all Americans by a gradual ex­tentsion of Medicare to include everyone wasdescribed at the 1970 Michael M. Davis Lec­ture at Billings Hospital.The speaker was Wilbur J. Cohen, formerSecretary of Health, Education, and Welfareand now Dean of the School of Education atthe University of Michigan.Cohen proposed immediate Congressionalaction on:-Prescription drugs on a limited basis to beincluded in the Medicare plan for the agedand disabled.-Comprehensive prenatal and postnatalcare for women in all low income families tobe extended through the federal-state mater­nal and child health provisions financed outof general revenues.Increased AidHe also urged additional financial aid tomedical, dental, and nursing schools and agoal of doubling the enrollment of enteringfreshmen in medical schools by 1980."The federal government must take theleadership in these gigantic undertakings,"Cohen said. "But the government cannotdo it alone. It must enlist the full coopera­tion of physicians and other personnel in thehealth professions, hospitals, consumers,business, labor, the universities, and statehealth agencies."No Perfect PlanThere does not appear to be any perfectmedical care plan that will satisfy everyone,Cohen said, "but if we take the steps wecan take now, we could have a comprehen­sive national health plan ready to beginoperation in 1976 when we commemoratethe 200th anniversary of the Declaration ofIndependence. "Today, Cohen said, some 30 to 40 millionpersons have no health insurance whatso­ever. "Some 60 million additional personsunder the age of 65 have health insurancecoverage which is grossly inadequate or atleast less than that provided to the aged under Medicare. Comprehensive nationalhealth insurance, therefore, would expandcoverage for at least some 100 million per-"sons.Insurance Not NewCohen also pointed out that health insuranceis nothing new. In 1798, Congress enacteda contributory hospital insurance programfor merchant seamen."Nevertheless," he said, "extension of healthinsurance to the rest of the population hasbeen a perennial controversial issue in Amer­ican politics for nearly 60 years."National health insurance legislation, Cohensaid, has been introduced in every session ofthe Congress since 1943. He also said thatthe atmosphere for national health insurancelegislation has improved greatly. The criesof socialized medicine are not heard so often.The differences between health insuranceand socialized medicine, Cohen said, are that"health insurance tends to be a system offinancing the cost of medical care providedby either public Or private agencies."Socialized medicine tends to be a systemof financing medical cost by organizing thedelivery of care and-most important tophysicians-determing the methods of pay­ment to them, and the amount of theirIncomes.A "Bulwark""Very few are frightened by the term (na­tional health insurance) any longer," hesaid. "In fact, health insurance insurance hasbecome the bulwark against socialized medi­Cine."Unless some satisfactory solution to pre­sent conditions is found, the inevitable ten­dency may be for socialized medicine tosupersede existing arrangements."This would not be necessary, according toCohen, if the organized medical profession,including the American Medical Association,(AMA), "took a statesmanlike position andworked toward some constructive, far-reach­ing changes which would make an accepta­ble 'system' out of the present haphazard arrangements."Actually, he continued, designing a nationalhealth insurance plan would be relativelyeasy if we didn't have to start where weactually are in 1970 but could start with aclean slate.The dilemma is to bring millions of peopleunder health insurance coverage which theyneed without undue stress to our medicalsystem, without encouraging rising prices,without creating further tensions among pa­tients and taxpayears on the one hand andphysicians, and hospital and health admini­strators on the other.A bill now being presented in the House ofRepresentatives proposes that the employerand government each contribute 3 percent ofpayroll (up to $15,000 a year for each em­ployee) to national health insurance withthe employee contributing 1 percent.Presently, Cohen said, there is no planwhich the unions, employers, the healthinsurance carriers, the health professions, theexperts, and the Congress can agree on as asatisfactory solution to the problem.Government InvolvedHe emphasized that under no proposed sys­tem, even those advocated by private insur­ance companies and the AMA, would thefederal government be kept out of the cru­cial details which concern the physician, hos­pital and private sector.Even "if everyone is covered by a privateinsurance policy, paid for substantially bypublic funds, the private carriers inevitablybecome 'affected with a public interest' andit would be only a question of time, in myopinion, before the private insurance busi­ness would be regulated and supervised bythe federal government."Cohen's lecture on "National Health Insur­ance-Problems and Prospects" was pre­sented by the University's Center for HealthAdministration Studies in the GraduateSchool of Business. The lecture series beganin 1963 in honor of Michael M. Davis. medi­cal care pioneer, who organized the Gradu­ate Program in Hospital Administration atThe University of Chicago.Fishbein Lectures PresentedThe Morris Fishbein Lectures, a four-partseries, were presented this summer to in­augurate the Morris Fishbein Center for theStudy ot the History of Science and Medi­CIne.The Center has been named in honor of Dr.Fishbein, Rush '12, the noted physician,scholar, and medical writer. It is hoped thatthe Center will provide a base of communi­cations to relate the scientific and medicalcommunity to the broader environment.Mrs. Fishbein made the initial contributionto the proposed endowment of $1,500,000.Additional funds were raised at the 80thbirthday tribute for Dr. Fishbein given inJuly of 1969. That tribute was organized byMaxwell Geffen, publisher of MedicalWorld News, who also is leading a drive tocomplete funding of the Center.The first lecture on "The Individual and theWorld of Numbers--The Rise of the Statis­tical Point of View with Respect to Man,Science, and Society," was given by 1.Bernard Cohen, Professor of the History ofScience at Harvard University and Presidentof the International Union of the Historyand Philosophy of the Sciences.The second lecture was "Biomedical Sciencein Medical Education-Some ContemporaryProblems" by Dr. James A. Shannon, Pro­fessor and Assistant to the President atRockefeller University in New York City.Shannon was Director of the National Insti­tutes of Health from 1955 to 1969.Third in the series was a lecture on "Hip­pocrates and the Enigma of Life" by Dr.Mirko D. Grmek, who has served as a sci­entific collaborator at the Center of ScientificResearch, Paris, France, since 1962.The final lecture was "Desiderius Erasmus:The Spirit and the Flesh," a paper by thelate Charles D. O'Malley which was read byAllen G. Debus, Professor of the History ofScience at The University of Chicago. O'Mal­ley was Chairman of the Department ofMedical History at the University of Cali­fornia at Los Angeles. The address was pre­pared by him for the lecture series shortlybefore his death last April.'" Space for the Morris Fishbein Center for theStudy of the History of Science and Medi­cine will be provided by the Department ofHistory and the Division of the BiologicalSciences and The Pritzker School of Medi­cine. The program will be headed by anationally recognized authority on the his­tory of science and medicine, who has notyet been named. Other faculty will be ac­tively associated with the Center.75th Anniversary forLying-inChicago Lying-in Hospital is observing its75th anniversary. Opened in February 1895by Dr. Joseph Bolivar DeLee and known asThe Dispensary, the hospital was the firstoutpatient clinic to provide maternity carefor needy women and to train medical stu­dents.The tiny four-room clinic had grown intoa three-story building on the corner of Max­well and Newberry streets by 1905. In No­vember 1914, the Mother's Aid Pavilion wasopened on the corner of 51st and Vincennes.The name change to Chicago Lying-in wasthe next step.Lying-in remained at 51st Street and Vincen­nes A venue until it became affiliated withThe University of Chicago in 1928_ Thepresent building was opened in May 1931.Chicago Lying-in Hospital, 1917. Michael Reese F acuity GetChicago AppointmentsTwenty members of the full-time staff ofMichael Reese Hospital have received facul­ty appointments, ranging in rank from In­structor to Professor, at the University as aresult of the University's recent affiliationwith Reese. Seven other appointees fromReese were announced previously.The faculty members and their rank are:Dr. Louis Baker, Assistant Professor ofAnesthesiology; Dr. Joseph L. Braudo, Asso­ciate Professor of Pediatrics; Dr. LaurenceBurd, Teaching Fellow, Obstetrics and Gy­necology; Dr. Gerald Burke, Associate Pro­fessor of Medicine; Dr. Frederic L. Coe,Assistant Professor of Medicine; Dr. Clar­ence Cohn, Associate Professor of Medicine;Dr. Sherman C. Feinstein, Professor andLecturer in Psychiatry; Dr. Lawrence Kay­ton, Instructor in Psychiatry; Dr. FazlurKhan, Instructor in Radiology; Dr. B. D.Kulkarni, Assistant Professor of Obstetricsand Gynecology; Dr. Agnes Lattimer, Assis­tant Professor of Pediatrics;Dr. Daniel Offer, Associate Professor ofPsychiatry; Dr. Jacques Ovadia, AssociateProfessor of Medical Physics and Radiology;Dr. William E. Petrando, Teaching Fellowin Obstetrics and Gynecology; Dr. VictorEugene Pollak, Professor of Medicine; Dr.Conrad Pirani, Professor of Pathology; Dr.Ben R. Richman, Teaching Fellow in Ob­stetrics and Gynecology; Dr. Kenneth Rob­bins, Professor of Medicine; Dr. WilliamSchey, Instructor of Radiology, and Dr.Shang J. Yao, Research Associate Instructorin Surgery.Reese faculty holding courtesy titles in­clude: Dr. Josef Bieniarz, Associate Profes­sor of Pediatrics; Dr. Burdett S. Dunbar,Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology; Dr.Harriet Gleaton, Assistant Professor of _ \.n­esthesiology; Dr. Norman Hugo, AssociateProfessor of Surgery; Dr. George B. Hutchi­son, Associate Professor of Surgery; Dr.Peter Schrock, Assistant Professor of Sur­gery; Dr. Herbert Weintraub, AssistantProfessor of Anesthesiology, and Dr. SidneyWolfson, J r., Associate Professor of Surgery.Women in Medicine: A Personal ViewBy DR. EDITH L. POTTERProfessor Emeritus, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology[EDITOR'S NOTE: Because of the great interest generated by theWomen's Liberation Movement, particularly with respect to itseffect on the professions, we have asked Dr. Edith Potter to useher perspective to comment on women in medicine.]A new era for women opened in 1849 when ElizabethBlackwell graduated, with highest honors, from theGeneva Medical School as the first woman in the UnitedStates to receive a medical diploma.She had been denied admittance to all medical schools un­til the decision was put to the students at Geneva. They,thinking it a hoax, voted to admit her. Imagine their sur­prise when an attractive intelligent girl appeared. How­ever, throughout her stay, the other students offered bothrespect and friendship.She was not the only woman anxious for a career in medicalservice who was frustrated at being denied admission to amedical school. Soon after Elizabeth was graduated fromGeneva, the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania wasincorporated in Philadelphia in March, 1850.Although this meant that they would be trained and able topractice medicine, women still found it extremely difficult toobtain permission to use hospital facilities. To solve this prob­lem, friends and well-wishers came to the rescue and specialhospitals, with staffs composed exclusively of women, wereopened in Chicago, Boston, New York, and a few other cities.In the 120 years that have elapsed since the opening of theWoman's Medical College, changes have occurred, albeit slow­ly, in the way women are accepted in the field of medicine,both by other physicians and by the general public.In those early years, many men were hostile to the idea of awoman invading a field they held to be exclusively theirs and,in truth, many women felt less secure about having their ail­ments treated by a woman than by the customary male physi­cian. The difficulty in gaining admission to many medicalschools continued for some time.By the time I decided to study medicine, almost 50 years ago,the majority of schools did admit females, although some (in­cluding my Alma Mater, the University of Minnesota) limitedthe numher of female admissions to 10 percent of the class. Dr. Edith L. PotterEven then, many hospitals refused to admit women as internsand often it was not until particular and sustained pressure hadbeen brought to bear that the practice was changed. The Min­neapolis General Hospital, for instance, had refused womenhouse officers on the basis of having no housing facilities. Thismatter was brought before the Minneapolis City Council by afriendly alderman in 1925 with the result that four women,including myself, were given positions as interns the followingyear. The number of residencies or other positions for advancedtraining were relatively few at the time and seldom made avail­able to women.The Second W orld War aided the advancement of women inmedicine by creating a shortage of men in the field. Since then,the increase in medical knowledge and the demand for betterpatient care has created more hospital residencies than can befilled so that most hospitals today are happy to accept womenon the same basis as men.At present, women are accepted widely as undergraduate andgraduate students, as practicing physicians, and as members ofacademic circles. It is true that a few medical societies in spe­cialized fields still will not invite women to become members.It was only 10 years or so ago that the Chicago GynecologicalSociety voted to admit women. And, even now, as an honorarymember, I am the only woman on the roster of the AmericanGynecological Society.When in Russia a few year back, I was interested to note thatalthough more than 80 percent of the physicians are women,positions as heads of hospitals or department heads are heldalmost exclusively by men. The same thing is true in thiscountry; although the total proportion of women in medicineis much smaller than in Russia, the number of women in toppositions is disproportionately small in relation to the numberof women available.Although some lingering prejudice against women in medicinecan be detected today, one should note that there also appearsto be prejudice against women in other professions and in ex­ecutive positions in business. It would seem that women gener­ally have come to he accepted on their own merits and fewhave reason to helieve they :11"C denied their rights because ofthei r sex.The Department of MedicineMoves into the SeventiesBy DR. ALVIN T ARLOVProfessor and Chairman Department of MedicineOne of every five members of the Department of Medi­cine joined the faculty this summer.Half of the departmental faculty came within the pasttwo years.This "new look" takes on additional significance when wenote that 86 per cent, almost nine out of every 10 members,are less than 45 years of age.This atmosphere of youth and change indicates to us thatthe time is right to take new directions and face the challengeswhich have been but a few steps behind us for some time.Our initial feeling is one of confidence and enthusiasm. I wouldlike to share with you some of our concerns, objectives, respon­sibilities, and major areas of current attention.The Department of Medicine, largest single department in theDivision of the Biological Sciences, is divided into 11 sub­specialties, including Cardiology, Hematology, Renal andElectrolyte, Endocrinology, Arthritis and Metabolism, Gas­troenterology, Neurology, Dermatology, Respiratory Medicine,Infectious Diseases, and Genetics and International Health.Offices and research laboratories of all members of a sectionare close physically and, in most instances, near the correspond­ing inpatient floor. These arrangements seem wise in order tooptimize interaction and opportunities in patient care, teaching,and research.All sections, except the latter three named, have an outpatientclinic as well as an inpatient service. The inpatient service ofeach section consists of approximately 15 beds, located at aspecific geographic nursing division within the hospital. Eachservice has medical students, interns, residents, and fellows as­signed to it. About 1\0 percent or more of the patients on eachservice have primary diseases which fall within the expertiseof the individual subspecialty group.We have 220 beds available for the Department of Medicineas a whole. Of these, some 140 are assigned to the individualsubspecialty sections. The rest make up the General MedicalService. An eight-bed Coronary Care Unit is operated by theCardiology Section. About 35 beds m:ly be used for clinicalresearch and, as such, are entitled to have the expense borneby funds provided by the National Institutes of Health or theAtomic Energy Commission.In the eight medical outpatient clinics, there are approximately45,0()O patient visits yearly, of which 5,000 are from new patients never before seen at the University. This is in additionto the 60,000 total visits handled by all departments through theEmergency Room.That. briefly, is an outline of the structure.Teaching and research are the purposes for which the Uni­versity exists. The University is a repository of knowledge;it receives knowledge, analyzes it, criticizes it, and places itin wide context. This knowledge is discussed, considered, de­liberated, added to, and made available to generations ofstudents and scholars. Through research, the University con­tributes new knowledge, thus enriching its own resources. InTeachillg experzences occur everywhere.these ways, the University preserves and protects the basis ofcivilization and makes available a priceless heritage upon whichfurther growth may take place.I prefer to make a distinction between our objectives and ourresponsibility. The objective of our department is to developand realize our full potential in teaching and research. Thisobjective guides us in every decision regarding our develop­ment. To achieve our aim, we operate the relatively largepatient care facility. And, in this regard, our responsibility topatients is enormous.Our responsibility is to practice scientific and humane medicine-and to see that it is provided to the fullest extent possible.This responsibility must be met successfully before realizationof our objective is possible.To teach effectively and to conduct clinical research at the levelwe have set for ourselves, we must provide a service whichanticipates ethical standards and satisfactions. We must pro­vide each patient with superb medical care, delivered withintelligence, efficiency, compassion, and understanding, so as topromote the individual's physical, emotional, and social health.The satisfaction of this responsibility is a prerequisite toachievement of all academic purposes. We aim to exhaustall possibilities as we work toward perfection in this regard.The development of clinical excellence is our first priority. Allelse depends upon it.To strengthen our clinical operation, we are emphasizing thefollowing developments:THE CLINICIAN: Weare stressing strongly the develop­ment of the clinical scholar. We are identifying individualsing their excellence. Several individuals whose scholarship andcapable of outstanding clinical leadership and we are reward­originality are centered primarily around the bedside have beenrecruited for the staff. In addition, several individuals have beenpromoted to higher academic rank this past year almost en­tirely on the basis of their clinical excellence. We hope theDepartment of Medicine will become a place where the clinicalscholar will feel at home and continue to grow. We believethat the development of more clinical scholars is critical forthe development of clinical excellence. We also believe it ispossible to identify young men and women who have potentialfor clinical superiority and we intend to encourage, support,and promote them. To this aim, the possibility of developinga Clinical Scholar program is under discussion now.OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT: Leadership responsibilityin each of the eight outpatient clinics has been assigned to oneindividual who works closely with hospital administration toimprove coordination between the various departments andindividuals involved in patient care. Our task is to create anefficient outpatient operation so that the practice of medicineis pleasurable to the physician and maxi mally effective to thepatient.In order to increase the number of new patients seen, and toeliminate crowding in our clinics, the quota of new and return­ing patients in most clinics has been doubled. As a department,we agreed to increase the number of return visits per year to45,000, and to increase the numher of new patients seen to5,000 per year in 1970. Statistics from the first half of the yearindicate that this objective will be met.To facilitate entry of new pal icnt s and to provide a long-term clinic to improve the educational opportunity of the house staff,a General Medical Clinic has been established. Dr. Lloyd Fer­guson is in charge of this operation. The Clinic meets 10half days per week and has some 40 physicians working one ormore sessions each week. A patient can enter this clinic,which has become the largest in the Department, any day ofthe week.The Emergency Room census has grown exponentially in thepast five years. At present, approximately 130 adult patientsper day are seen in ER and about half of these come under thepurview of internal medicine. (It is important to note thatnearly a quarter of the admissions to the Medical Service entervia the Emergency Room.) Unquestionably, the Universityfacility serves as an important medical resource for the sur­rounding community.To provide the most effective service for patients, a medicalresident now is on duty in the Emergency Room 24 hours aday, in addition to the three interns from our Department whodifferent shifts during the day. With the assistance of the De­partment of Radiology and improved services from the labora-"�������s!l/111£'1'11,( (,II/II/IICI ,/11 ".1'IJIIIIII,1I11I1I un d c) I{'III, h/1I1 "l"",tories, care is being provided on an "as you need it" basis. Fora detailed evaluation and treatment, a patient may be referredto one of the Clinics.Dr. Cornelius Vermeulen, Deputy Dean and Chief of Staff, isproviding leadership to the several departments who are plan­ning an Ambulatory Care Center (a walk-in clinic) adjacentto the Emergency Room. This facility would be open from9 A.�f. to 11 P.M. and would enhance the accessibility of ourmedical resources in meeting the health needs of our com­munity.INPA TIENT LEADERSHIP: To bring better service topatients, a single individual has been appointed as physician-in­charge on nearly all of the inpatient services. This person isresponsible for organizing the medical care team and for over­seeing and improving the level of patient care and teaching.He is the one responsible for seeing that students, interns, andresidents have an optimal educational experience and that asuperior level of clinical care is given.Organizations for "humanizing health care" have been estab­lished on most inpatient services with the valuable help ofEmanuel Hallowitz, Director of Social Services and Professorin the School of Social Service Administration. As an initialstep, the physician-in-charge ( or Ward Leader) has initiatedregular meetings with the nurses, social worker, service unitmanager, nurse aides, dietary personnel, and others, in orderto work toward effective cooperation and understanding in thedelivery of optimal patient care. These regular meetings holdpromise of improving the milieu in which patients receiveservice.TEACHING: The Department of Medicine has had longexperience with the organization of inpatient services alongspecialty lines. Experience has shown that inpatient special ser­vices provided a superb environment for advanced resident andfellowship training. A subspecialist can give his clinical internin-depth experience at the least expense in time to himself.This, in turn, promotes and stimulates clinical research. How­ever, m:1l1y have felt that medical student instruction and thetraining of interns (and, to some extent, first year residents)could be improved by experience on General Medical Wards.About five years ago, a small General Medical Service wasestablished. It has developed further over the years and, duringthe past year, was enlarged to some 80 beds. These are dividedinto three separate services, each with approximately 27 beds.The overall operation is directed by the Chairman and theChief Resident in Medicine, but one member of the faculty has been assigned to each of the three services as Chief. This personassumes the continuing responsibility for the quality of careand teaching on his service. An attending physician (selectedon a monthly rotation basis) makes daily ward rounds and isresponsible for the day-to-day quality of care and instruction.The General Medical Service has enriched the experience ofmedical students and house officers to the extent where it nowis a major attraction of our training program. Additionally, ithas provided medical care for large numbers of patients in theimmediate and surrounding communities who have enteredvia the Emergency Room. We are firmly convinced that theGeneral Medical Service is an important community medicalsource.Several other changes have been initiated in student teachingand we are hopeful of a substantial increase in effectiveness.First, in regard to third year instruction during the Medicinequarter, we have eliminated the 11 rotations through the sub­specialty services. Most students now spend one month on eachof three sub-specialty services. This longer rotation provides aHe/ping a student d euelop his clinical skillJ' is a prime responsibility.TIJe patient benefits most in an interchange between students and faculty.more effective student-teacher relationship wherein weaknessescan be identified and corrected more effectively. Beginning thissummer, each of the 20 third-year students was given a six­week assignment on one of the General Medical Services, fol­lowed by a six-week assignment in gastroenterology (or viceversa). We wanted to see if an even longer assignment andmore general experience on an acute medical ward is more orless effective than working on a sub-specialty service.As most of you know, the senior year is almost entirely elective.The Department of Medicine has doubled the number of elec­tives offered-many of them clinical opportunities where thestudent has a chance for direct patient responsibility in a juniorintern capacity. We hope that these changes will result in abetter educational opportunity for students.SHORTENED MEDICAL TRAINING: A momentumnow is building to shorten the period of formal education be­fore an individual enters professional work. It is a fact that stu­dents now enter college and graduate school more thoroughlyeducated and hence better prepared intellectually for advancedstudy. Also, most students demonstrate a passionate desire tomake their activities relevant to societal needs and thus are im­patient with a long curriculum that seemingly includes muchredundancy and irrelevancy. Additionally, the extraordinarilyhigh cost of education and the sh()rt;lgc ()f highly trained pe() Th,' I('"elllllg (',\'/'1'1'11'110' I ... "I II, IJnghl (III " on« In "1/, /"""ple, such as physicians, have contributed to the desire to shortenthe medical training period.I believe this period can be shortened by as much as two yearswithout impairing the quality of the medical experience; dur­ing the shortened period, we can prepare most of our studentsfor a professional lifetime of high practical, ethical, and schol­arly standards. For example, in the spring quarter of 1970, twothird-year medical students were assigned to a single GeneralMedical Inpatient Service for the entire three months of clerk­ship in medicine. This service provided a broad range of medi­cal problems, extending from acute emergencies to electivediagnostic work ups-from the everyday to the esoteric. An at­tending physician and a medical resident were selected espe­cially to provide the optimal educational experience for thesestudents who took night calls and participated in every way asan intern, always under guidance and with increasing respon­sibility. Given this intimate tutorial, the students progressedremarkably during the quarter, emerging, in my opinion, pre­pared for full internship responsibility.I am confident that with minor changes in the first and secondyear curriculum, students could be well prepared to enter their internship after the third year.During the 1970 summer quarter, we have been performing atrial which would allow students to enter their clinical clerk­ship after a year and a half of medical school. The DivisionalCurriculum Committee has allowed 10 students (each ofwhom has had three quarters of medical school) to take acourse in history taking and physical examination. The De­partment of Medicine has devised a special, concentrated coursefor these 10 students. Eight faculty members and many resi­dents have been devoting much of their time to the enterprisewhich will take 11 weeks to cover what previously was done in22 weeks. This, the most fundamental of courses in medicalpractice, is being given before students have had pathology.The Pathology course will be offered in the fall in revised formwhich integrates pathology with Microbiology, Pharmacology,Medicine, Surgery, Radiology, and Laboratory Medicine. Theintent of this trial is to prepare the student to enter clinicalclerkship in the winter, after only five quarters of medicalschool. We will not be able to assess results for another year­then only subjectively. However, we feel it will demonstratewhether some highly motivated and well directed studentsThe con'[crcn ce preceding morning roun d s sets the tone tor the day.Attending his patient.might not be able to finish medical school in two and a halfyears by making judicious use of their summers.We also have made changes in the program for house officers.One modification which has been implemented is to allow anindividual to enter sub-specialty training after one year ofinternship and one year of residency. The recommendation forthis change came from a departmental committee consisting offaculty, house staff, and students.For interns, monthly rotations have been replaced by two­month rotations. Elective periods have been eliminated.The customary three-month rotations for first-year residentshave been replaced by assignments of two months each. Theexperience of acting as a consultant physician in the varioussubspecialties has been replaced by a program of primary pa­tient responsibility as resident-in-charge of a medical service.This means that, at present, the internship is composed of sixrotations, two on the General Medical Service, three on variousspecialty services, and one in the Emergency Room. The first­year residency also is composed of six different assignments,one or two in general medicine, three or four in various medi­cal subspecialties, and one in the Emergency Room. (A resi­dent is given first preference for a medical subspecialty servicewhich he did not rotate through as an intern.)We anticipate that after the first year of residency, an individ­ual will he prepared for a fellowship type experience in anInternal Medicine subspecialty. Of course, there arc residentswho are undecided as to specialty and some who wish more general internal medicine experience and, for these, a secondyear of residency can easily be fashioned.The changes outlined in the house officer training program arecompatible with the new requirements of the American Boardof Internal Medicine.CLINICAL SCHOLAR PROGRAM (CSP): Here, I wouldlike to discuss briefly this program which is aimed at develop­ing the full-time, fully-salaried, fully-committed clinical scholarand teacher. Some members of the Department of Medicinehave been engaged in discussion on creating such a programand these discussions will be expanded this fall.Checking records at the nursing station.Some believe there is a need to develop superb general in­ternists who would want to devote their professional lifetimeto teaching clinical practice and to the improvement of patientcare. An illustration of this is that there are literally hundredsof full-time salaried positions available throughout the UnitedStates for directors of medical education in community hos­pitals. A director of medical education would most often beresponsible for development and improvement of house stafftraining progr:lms; he also would organize courses, seminars,and lectures for the continuing education of the medical staff.In many instances, the Director of Medical Education holds anacademic appointment at the nearest university medical center.We believe that the numcrnus academic departments of Medi­cine at university .ind atlili:lted hospitals will create full timepositions for the :Icldemician whose scholn rship ,1nd origin,llitYare best realized in patient Girl'. We need further di\cu\\illn ofwhat the tr:lining ()f thcse individuals ought to el1(()mp,l\\.Would opt im.il tr:lillillg require ,1 pcr iocl 01 1.1ho!.\tOIV mvevt:gation? Can a clinical scholar develop maximally withoutrigorous investigative experience? Should a training programinclude formal course work in education? Social Science? Be­havioral Science? These are questions that have to be discussed.To initiate discussion, we conceived of a training program inGeneral Internal Medicine which would prepare men for full­time positions in medical education with special emphasis onclinical practice. Such a program would be created by the threeor four faculty members responsible for the operation of theEmergency Room, the General Medical Clinic, and the Gen­eral Medical Service. Obviously, the trainees would need con­ference rooms, access to a first-class medical library, and theassistance of expert medical librarians. We anticipate that train­ees would enter such a program after their first year of medicalresidency and that the training program would take two tothree additional years.MEDICAL SCIENCE AND SOCIAL SCIENCE: Today,there is heightened awareness that a disproportionate emphasison medicine as a biological science no longer is useful. Individ­ual and group pathology needs to be studied and treated as abiological, ecological, demographical, social, economic, andpolitical science.Some members of our faculty have done considerable advancedthinking on the means of developing significant social scienceresearch within or about the Department of Medicine. Onesuggestion is that a training program be created to bring to­gether biological and social scientists. Presumably such a pro­gram would have space in a particular area of the hospital sothat trainees in each science would have significant interaction.Each individual would have an opportunity to achieve a cer­tain degree of sophistication in another field. The object of sucha program would be the creation of another track for the in­ternist interested in academic medicine, namely, research inmedical sociology.Other faculty members have suggested that we should becomeinvolved in the development, implementation, and evaluationof comprehensive prepaid medical care systems in a well-de­fined and studied community.Still others feel that our involvement outside the Universityshould be as the center for regionalization of health carethrough an organization of community hospitals within a 40-mile radius.All of these matters deserve further study, along with broaddepartmental and University consideration. We appear to be prepared for significant movement into a greater interactionbetween conventional academic medicine and the social behav­ioral sciences. I have tried to deal here with some of our clini­cal activities and programs and not entirely with our research.We have extraordinary resources in laboratory and clinicalresearch-resources which are continually enriched. Perhaps itwill be possible to discuss the research aspects of the Depart­ment of Medicine in a future article.In closing, I would like to express appreciation for the alumnisupport which has been evinced. We welcome comments fromour former students, housestaff, or faculty.A rare quiet moment in a stairwell between floors.F acuIty News . . .Aron A. Moscona, Professor of Biology,chaired the session on "Enzyme Induction inEmbryonic Differentiation" at the Sym­posium of the International Society for De­velopmental Biology in Jerusalem in May.Later that month he spoke to the Depart­ment of Biochemistry at Wayne State Uni­versity School of Medicine, and in June,chaired a session at the Gordon Conferenceson Cell Biology in Meriden, New Hamp­shire.Dr. James J. Castles, '64, Assistant Professorof Medicine, has received a five year Re­search Career Development Award fromN.I.H. During the summer he participatedin the Gordon Research Conferences on Pro­teins and on Hormone Action, both held inNew Hampshire. Dr. Castles is one of fiftyscientists from around the world who partici­pated in a European Molecular Biology Or­ganization meeting at Nijmegen, TheNetherlands. The conference was on Mam­malian Protein Synthesis.Dr. Harry A. Fozzard, Associate Professor ofMedicine, has been invited to serve on theStudy Committee for Physiological Society,doing research for three months in Bern,Switzerland, at the Physiology Institute.E. Peter Geiduschek, Professor of Biophysics,gave the opening address at the 35th ColdSprings Harbor Symposium on RNA Tran­scription in June.Dr. Alexander Gottschalk, Professor of Radi­ology and Director of Argone Cancer Re­search Hospital, has been elected Presidentof the Association of University Radiologists.Dr. Burton J. Grossman, '49, was electedPresident of the Chicago Rheumatism So­ciety, Vice Chairman of the Medical andScientific Committee of the Illinois Chapterof the Arthritis Foundation, and appointeda member of the Governor's Advisory Coun­cil.Dr. Charles B. Huggins, the William B.Ogden Distinguished Service Professor ofUrology in Surgery and in the Ben MayLaboratory for Cancer Research, was selectedas the third recipient of the Sheen Award for outstanding contributions to medical science,presented by the American Medical Associa­tion and the Guarantee Bank and TrustCompany of Atlantic City, at the AMA'sannual meeting in Chicago.Dr. Leon O.Jacobson, '39, the Joseph Regen­stein Professor of Biological and MedicalSciences and Dean of the Division, is co­author with Dr. Sanford B. Krantz, '59, ofErythropoietin and the Regulation of Ery­thropoiesis.Elwood V. Jensen, Professor of Physiologyand Professor in and Director of the BenMay Laboratory for Cancer Research, hasreceived the D. R. Edwards Medal of theWelsh National School of Medicine, Cardiff,Wales.Dr. C. Frederick Kittle, '45, Professor ofSurgery and Head of the Section of Thoracicand Cardiovascular Surgery, was electedChairman ef the Board of Governors of theAmerican College of Cardiology.Dr. Joseph B. Kirsner, the Louis Block Pro­fessor in the Department of Medicine, spokeat the recent Fourth World Congress of Gas­troenterology in Copenhagen, Denmark.Lawrence H. Lanzi, Professor in the Depart­ment of Radiology and in the Argonne Can­cer Research Hospital, spoke at the annualmeeting of the Division of Medical andBiological Physics of the Canadian Associa­tion of Physicists in Winnipeg, Canada.Richard C. Lctoontin, the Louis Block Pro­fessor of Biological Sciences, Chairman ofthe Committee on Evolutionary Biology, andProfessor in the Committee on MathematicalBiology, has been elected President of theSociety for the Study of Evolution.Dr. John R. Lindsay, the Thomas D. JonesProfessor of Surgery (Otolaryngology) wasguest of honor and delivered the FowlerMemorial Lecture at the annual meeting ofthe American Otological Society, in Holly­wood Beach, Florida.Dr. Daniel J. McCarty, Professor of Medi­cine, delivered the Alpha Omega Alpha Lec­ture at Hahnemann Medical College, Phila­delphia. Dr. Robert A. Moody, '60, Assistant Profes­sor of Neurosurgery, has developed a newmethod to study blood flow through thebrain efliciciently without exposing the pa­tient to needless radiation.James W. Moulder, Professor of Microbi­ology, has been appointed to the Microbi­ology Training Committee of the NationalInstitute of General Medical Sciences ofNIH.Dr. Frank W. Newell, Professor of Surgeryand Chairman of the Section of Ophthalmo­logy, will be a Visiting Professor at theUniversity of Florida School of Medicine,Gainesville, in September.Dr. Frank J. Orland, Professor of DentalSurgery in Zoller, was elected President­Elect of the International Association forDental Research.Dr. Charles E. Oxnard, Associate Professorof Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology, pre­sented a paper at the Wenner Gren Founda­tion Burg Wartenstein Symposium held inAustria in July.John H. Rust, Professor of Radiology andPharmacology and Director of the A. J.Carlson Animal Research Facility, has beenappointed to the Illinois Commission onAtomic Energy and to the Governor's Ad­visory Council. Dr. Rust also has beennamed Chairman of the Salt Mine Disposalpanel of the National Academy of SciencesAdvisory Committee of Radioactive WasteManagement.Dr. Frederick P. Zuspan, the Joseph BolivarDeLee Professor and Chairman of the De­partment of Obstetrics and Gynecology,served as guest faculty member for a five-daypostgraduate course in perinatal medicinesponsored jointly by the University ofColorado School of Medicine, the Coloradochapter of the American Academy of Pedi­atrics, the regional district of the AmericanCollege of Obstetrics and Gynecology, andthe Colorado Gynecological and ObstetricalSociety held in Snowmass-at-Aspen, Colo­rado.Alumni Banquet,AwardsThe 61 members of the 1970 graduatingclass of The Pritzker School of Medicinewere honor guests at the Reunion Banquetheld at Hutchinson Commons Thursday,June II.By tradition, the banquet also honors the50th anniversary class of Rush Medical Col­lege-this year, the Class of 1920.Dr. Robert W. Wissler, outgoing Presidentof the Medical Alumni Association, pre­sided at the event. The address on "ThePopulation Explosion, Implosion, and Dis­plosion" was presented by Philip M. Hauser,Professor of Sociology and Director of thePopulation Research Center of The Univer­sity of Chicago.Members of the audience saw the last pres­entation of an established award (the Bor­den Award) and the first presentation ofthe Hilger Perry Jenkins Award, honoringthe late Professor of Surgery who diedJanuary 17.Three Gold Key Awards of the MedicalAlumni Association went to alumni whohave made distinguished contributions bothto the medical school and to the University.The honorees were:-Dr. Wright Adams, Emeritus Professorand former Chairman of the Departmentof Medicine, a faculty member from 1934to 1970. Dr. Adams came to the Universityas an Assistant Resident in Medicine, short­ly after Billings Hospital opened. He rosethrough the ranks to become AssociateDean of the Division of the BiologicalSciences in 1947. In 1949, he was appointedDr. Wright Adams 1935 to 1967. A native of Iowa, she attendedthe University of Minnesota, where she re­ceived an M.D. degree in 1926, an M.S.degree in 1932, and a Ph.D. degree in 1934.She was in private practice in Minneapolisfrom 1927 to 1931, when she became aFellow in Pathology at The Universityof Chicago. She has lectured widely on thesubject of fetal mortality.Two Distinguished Service Awards for1970 were presented to:-Dr. Lillian V. Eichelberger, ProfessorEmeritus of Orthopedics and Biochemistry.Dr. Eichelberger was a member of thefaculty from 1921 to 1966. She received anM.S. degree in 1919 and a Ph.D. degree in1921, both from The University of Chicago.Following graduation, she was a ResearchInstructor in the Department of Chemistryfor three years. From 1924 to 1927, shewas at the Municipal Tuberculosis Sani­tarium in Chicago as a research chemist. In1929, Dr. Eichelberger returned to the Uni­versity as a Research Associate for theLasker Foundation for Medical Research,a post she held until 1936 when she becamean Assistant Professor of Biochemistry inthe Department of Medicine. In 1944, shewas appointed Associate Professor of Bio-Award winners Dr. Lillian V. Eichelberger, Dr. Howard Hopps, and Dr. Edith L. Potter visittogether following the reunion banquet.Professor and Chairman of the Depart­ment of Medicine, a post he held until 1961.At that time, he was named Associate Deanand Chief of Staff of the University Hos­pitals and Clinics. In 1967, he became thefirst Executive Director of the Heart Dis­ease, Cancer, and Stroke Regional MedicalProgram for the State of Illinois.-Dr. Douglas N. Buchanan, ProfessorEmeritus of Pediatrics, whose faculty ser­vice covered the years from 1931 to 1966.Dr. Buchanan served as President of theMedical Alumni Association in 1968-69.Born in Scotland, he received his M.D. andCh.B. degrees from the University of Glas­gow, where he was a Barbour Fellow inPhysiology of the Nervous System. Beforecoming to the United States, he served onthe faculty of Trinity College, Cambridge,and the University of Cambridge, and wasa resident physician at the National Hos­pital for Nervous Diseases in London. Afterjoining the Chicago faculty, he served asattending neurologist at the Hospitals andClinics and at Children's Memorial Hos­pital in Chicago.-Dr. Edith L. Potter, Professor Emeritusof Pathology and Obstetrics and Gynecol­ogy. Dr. Potter was a faculty member fromchemistry in the departments of Biochemis­try and Medicine.-Dr. Howard C. Hopps, Curators' Profes­sor of Pathology at the University of Mis­souri School of Medicine. From 1964 until1970, Dr. Hopps was Chief of the Divisionof Geographic Pathology at the ArmedForces Institute of Pathology, Walter ReedMedical Center, Washington, D.C. Dr.Hopps received a B.S. degree in 1935 andan M.D. degree in 1937, both from theUniversity of Oklahoma. He was at TheUniversity of Chicago from 1939 to 1942doing work toward a Ph.D. degree inpathology. He also served on the Chicagofaculty from 1940 to 1944. During his yearsat Chicago, he received the 1942 HowardTaylor Ricketts Award. His other teachingposts have been at the University of Okla­homa, the University of Texas MedicalBranch (at Galveston), Northwestern Uni­versity School of Medicine, Temple Univer­sity School of Medicine, and the Universityof Maryland.Awards to the graduating seniors which were presented by Joseph J. Ceithaml, Deanof Students:-George R. Buchanan received the JosephA. Capps Award for proficiency in clinicalmedicine.-Paul H. Rockey received the UpjohnAward for outstanding achievement duringhis four years in medical school.-Roxao;;! McKay received the BordenA ward for the most meritorious research.(As noted, this is the last year this awardwill be presented.)-Perry Halushka received the MedicalAlumni Prize for the best oral presentationof his research.-Martha Jane Mutti received the NelsStrandjord Award in Radiology.-Roxane McKay and Martha Jane Muttireceived citations from the American Medi­cal Womens' Association.Four students were selected to receive theirdegrees cum laude. They were Paul L.Bessette, Perry V. Halushka, Paul H.Rockey, and Calixto A. Romero, Jr.Cum Laude graduates, from left, Paul L. Bessette, Paul H. Rockl'Y, Calixto A. Romero, 11'., andand Perry V, Halush ea. Dr. Richard Sach son , "ight, recipient of the firstHilger Pe1'J'Y [enhins Award, chats with VincentTornabene who made the presentation.Members of Alpha Omega Alpha includedPaul L. Bessette, George R. Buchanan, KenA. Collingsworth, Perry V. Halushka,Roxane McKay, Martha J. Mutti, AnthonyF. Philipps, Arthur G. Robins, Paul H.Rockey, Calixto A. Romero [r., and WalterStern.The first Hilger Perry Jenkins Award wentto Richard Sachson, a first-year Residentin the Department of Medicine. Vincent W.Tornabene, the class member making thepresentation, noted that a substantial por­tion of instruction comes from the housestaff. He added that the class of 1970would like to honor Dr. Jenkins' com­mitment to excellence by recognizing theteaching efforts of members of the housestaff. Qualities the selection committeelooked for were competence and personalinterest in the students. Dr. Sachson, a1968 graduate of the State University ofNew York, also served his internship atthe University Hospitals and Clinics.Professional Achievement A wardsMedical alumni received three of the Pro­fessional Achievement Awards presented byThe University of Chicago Alumni Associ­ation at its annual Reunion Luncheon andAwards Assembly this past June.The Professional Achievement Awards rec­ognize those alumni whose attainments intheir vocational fields have brought distinc­tion to themselves, credit to the University,and benefit to fellow citizens.Those honored included:-Robert S. Jason, Ph.D. '32, coordinatorfor design and planning of the new hos­pital and medical center of Howard Univer­sity, Washington, D.C. A distinguishedpathologist, he was for many years Deanof the Howard University College of Medi­cine. He has served on the Committee ofPathology of the National Academy ofSciences-National Research Council, dem­onstrating keen perception of the majormedical problems confronting society. Hewas graduated first in his class fromHoward University College of Medicine andthen' came to The University of Chicagofor his post-doctoral study in pathology.-Nathaniel Kleitman, Ph.D. '23, is inter­nationally known for his studies on sleepwhich were begun in 1923, a period whenthe phenomenon of sleep had not yet at- tained its present prominence as a field ofstudy. He and his students were the firstto observe the rapid eye movement (REM)stage of sleep and to make the associationbetween it and dreaming. He has mademajor contributions to the understandingof the nature and mechanisms of sleep byhis insight into the relationship betweenbiology and Freudian psychology. His workhas led to the progress in the problems ofinsomnia, mental illness, and behavior regu­lation.-Paul Snowden Russell, Ph.B. '44, S.B.'45, MD. '47, is the John Homans Professorof Surgery at Harvard University MedicalSchool. A specialist in basic immunologyand the field of renal transplantation, Dr.Russell has been associated with HarvardMedical School and Massachusetts GeneralHospital throughout most of his profes­sional career. He has led in the search forimproved immunosuppression of organtransplants, with special reference to anti­lymphocyte serum and immunological toler­ance. He is the author of more than 90scientific papers and, last year, was recog­nized for his contributions in the field oftransplantation biology by the internationalTransplantation Society which selected himas president. In 1966, Dr. Russell receiveda Distinguished Service Award of the Chi­cago Medical Alumni Association.$25 Film A WinnerOne member of the Class of 1970, MichaelSherlock, received a national award for workunrelated, as yet, to his medical career.The 27-year-old native of Helena, Montana,won the first prize in the Vietnam categoryof the 1969 Newsweek-Bolex DocumentaryFilm Contest. His six-minute, rapid-se­quence, super-S millimeter animated filmconsists of thousands of black and whiteand color still photographs illustrating thesuffering of both army and civilian person­nel in Vietnam.The photos used were clipped by Sherlockfrom news magazines and newspapers dur- ing a four-year period. The clippings wereplaced under glass panes and photographedframe by frame. The total cost was $25.The contest prize is approximately $1,200worth of film-making equipment, to beselected by the winner.Sherlock now is doing an internship inpediatrics but thinks he may eventually gointo psychiatry.He also intends to continue making docu­mentary films and has just completed one"about the relationship between two hos­pital employees."Sherlock credits the late Dr. Hilger P.Jenkins with providing impetus for his workwith film. Ricketts A wardThe 1970 Howard Taylor Ricketts Awardwas presented to Dr. Robert A. Good,Regents' Professor of Pediatrics and Micro­biology at the University of Minnesota.The Howard Taylor Ricketts Award wasestablished in memory of the University ofChicago scientist who demonstrated thatRocky Mountain spotted fever is spreadamong humans by ticks.The award was established in 1913 by Mrs.Ricketts. Originally, it was intended, thatthe University's Department of Pathologyand Bacteriology would select as the recipi­ent the student who had done the best re­search work during the preceding year.In the mid-1940s, however, it was decidedthat the memorial should honor personsbeyond the limits of The University of Chi­cago. Since then, it has been given "in rec­ognition of outstanding accomplishment inthe field of the medical sciences." It has beenreceived by some of the world's most dis­tinguished scientists, including Dr. Jonas E.Salk and Dr. Albert B. Sabin.Dr. Good has been a member of the Uni­versity of Minnesota faculty for more than21 years. He received international attentionin 1955 when he presented a series of reportson agammaglobulinemia, an immune de­ficiency disease.In 1962, he reported the discovery of therole of the thymus gland in development andmaintenance of the lymphoid system-oneof the most critical discoveries ever madeconcerning the body's major defense againstdisease.Recently, Dr. Good illustrated the evolu­tion of immune response by analyzing com­plex virological relationships, such as thatbetween structure and function in thelymphoid system.Dr. Good, 48, is the author of a dozen majorarticles and is a member of more than 40honorary and professional societies. He hasreceived 21 major honors for his work.A native of Minnesota, he received a B.A.degree in 1944, an M.B. degree in 1946, andM.D. and PhD. degrees in 1947, all fromthe University of Minnesota.News of AlumniWhere Are They Now?"Orthopedic surgeon" is a descriptive term,but it doesn't begin to describe all the activi­ties of Dr. William F. McColl Jr., '55, whopractices in West Covina, California.Many alumni will remember him for com­bining his medical school curriculum, in­ternship, and residency in surgery with aneight-year career as a professional footballplayer with the Chicago Bears.Since 1965, however, one of McColl's majorinterests has been politics. In June, he ranfor the Congressional seat for the 24th Dis­trict of California-a race he lost by a hand­ful of votes.The 39-year-old surgeon jokingly says thatpolitics has replaced football in his life, buthe obviously is deeply concerned with theimprovement of medical care.Interest in politics was kindled, he says,during a two-year stint as a medical mission­ary in Taegu, Korea."When I came back in 1964," he remarked,"I was much more socially conscious. Atthat time, one of the big health concernsin this country was Medicare."In 1965," he continued, "I attended theAMA meeting and heard Dr. Walter Juddsay he thought it was imperative for youngphysicians to become actively involved inthe political activities in their state." Heeding this advice, McColl became activein California. He first worked for the elec­tion of Governor Ronald Reagan. In 1968,he was a member of the California delega­tion to the Republican National Conventionin Miami, Florida. He was apointed to theCalifornia State Board of Public Healthand now is president of that organizationwhich numbers Roger Egerberg among itspast presidents.When Glenn Lipscomb died last winter,McColl entered a three-way race to fill theCongressional seat. His opponents were JohnRousselou-who won, and former Congress­man Pat Hillings, a close friend of PresidentNixon. When the approximately 100,000votes were tallied, McColl was second, only127 votes behind Rousselou, so close thata recount was considered.In conversation with McColl, it is easy todiscern that the loss has not dulled his politi­cal appetite.His diverse interests have been shared byhis wife, Barbara, and their six children. Theentire family went with him to South Koreain 1962, a project that was sponsored by twoChicago churches, the First PresbyterianChurch of Oak Park and Clarendon HillsPresbyterian Church.Work with Hansen's disease patients, pri­marily in reconstructive surgery, brought Dr. William F. McColl frohim a 1966 Citation for Public Service fromThe University of Chicago Alumni Assoia­tion. Also because of his service as a medicalmissionary, he was voted into the Pro Foot­ball Hall of Fame in Canton, Ohio, on aspecial Scroll of Achievement. Since return­ing to this country, he has continued towork for various church-sponsored serviceprojects all over the country.These post-residency activities have servedto reduce his football participation to ob­servation. Keeping in mind the importanceof exercise to health, he plays occasionalgolf, "and," he says with amusement, "I'ma jogger."'34. Andrew T. Brislen has been elected Presi­dent-Elect of the .Chicago Medical Society.'34. William B. Tucker of Gainesville, Flor­ida is President-Elect of the National Tuber­culosis and Respiratory Disease Association.'38. Richard Rasmussen of Grand Rapidsand P. I. van Kolken of Grand Havenwere privileged to see their sons Eric Ras­mussen and Richard van Kolken receivetheir M.D. degrees from the University ofMichigan. '41. Charles M. Grace has joined the Depart­ment of State and is serving as Medical Offi­cer in the American Embassy in Saigon.'51 George A. Spikes of Douglas, Arizonawas elected chairman of the Arizona StateBoard of Directors for Junior Colleges.'53. John H. Landor, Professor of Surgery atThe University of Florida and Chief ofGeneral Surgery at Gainesvile V.A. Hos­pital, spent the month of January as VisitingProfessor of Surgery at the University of Basel, Switzerland. He was elected to a cor­respunding membership in the British So­ciety of Gastroenterology.'54. Peter D. King of Encino, California,Associate Clinical Professor of Psychiatryat the University of Southern CaliforniaSchool of Medicine and faculty member ofthe Southern California Psychoanalytic In­stitute, is President-Elect of the Los AngcbCroup Psychotherapy Society and Councilorof the Southern Califorrua Psychiatric Society. He is the recipient of the WisdomAward of Honor. His papers and talks in­clude: "Ego Development in Light of theHyponosis Theory of Schizophrenia" inPsychoanalytic Review, "The Silent Major­ity" before the annual meeting of theSouthern California Psychiatric Society, and"Group Psychotherapy" before the annualmeeting of the American PsychoanalyticAssociation.'55. Lloyd L. Brandborg is Chief of the Gas­troenterology Section at the Veterans Ad­ministration Hospital in San Francisco, andClinical Professor of Medicine at the Uni­versity of California Medical Center, wherehe holds a Lectureship in Pathology. Healso is on the Editorial Board of Gastroen­terology.'53. Our apologies to Jean HirschPriest, who in our last issue was identi­fied as John H. Priest. Dr. Priest, anAssistant Professor of Pathology andPediatrics at the University of Colo­rado Medical Center, is the author ofa new book, Cytogenetics, in the Med­ical Technology Series.'58. Richard H. Gier has completed his Psy­chiatry residency at Kansas University Medi­cal Center and has joined the KUMCfaculty.'58. Louis F. Plzak, Jr. has been dischargedfrom the Army and is on the Harvard Medi­cal School faculty at the Children's HospitalMedical Center.'59. James R. Dahl of Greenbrae, California,was elected a Fellow of the American Col­lege of Physicians. He is Assistant Professorof Clinical Medicine at the University ofCalifornia Medical Center in San Francisco.'59. J. David Heywood has been appointedAssociate Professor and Director of Hema­tology, Department of Laboratory Medicineat the University of Washington School ofMedicine, Seattle. '59. David M. Hirsch, Jr. has left WayneState University where he was Assistant Pro­fessor of Surgery to enter private practice inCardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery inSpringfield, Massachusetts.'59. Sanford B. Krantz has co-authored withDr. Leon a.Jacobson a comprehensive anal­ysis of more than 1,400 papers in the fieldof erythropoiesis. The book, Erythropoietinand the Regulation of Erythropoiesis, waspublished by The University of ChicagoPress. Dr. Krantz is Assistant Chief of theHematology Service at the National Insti­tutes of Health.'62. Ruth Collins Covell and James Covellreport from La Jolla, California where theyare on the staff at the University of Califor­nia at San Diego School of Medicine. Ruthis Assistant for Planning to the Vice Chan­celor for Health Sciences and Dean of theSchool of Medicine, as well as a lecturerin medicine. James was promoted to Associ­ate Professor of Medicine.'63. Gordon E. Henneford has completed hisresidency at The University of Chicago andis entering private practice of otolaryngologyin Billings, Montana.'64. Fredrick C. Schoenfeld has completedhis residency at The University of Chicagoand is entering private practice of otolaryn­gology in Aurora, Illinois.'66. Michael Shelansh] is Assistant Professorof Neuropathology at the Albert EinsteinCollege of Medicine, where he has receiveda five-year Teacher-Investigator grant fromthe NINDS. Last fall he presented a paperon "The Biochemistry of Neurofilamentsand Neurotubules" with Dr. Edwin W.Taylor, Professor of Biophysics, Universityof Chicago, at a Ciba Foundation Sym­posium on Alzheimer's Disease in London.'67. Edward Ganz has left N.I.H. and isbeginning a residency in surgery at The Uni­versity of Chicago.'67. Elizabeth I. Thompson has moved fromIowa City, Iowa, to Cincinnati, Ohio, whereshe is taking a Pediatrics residency. '67. Glenn R. Hodges finished the secondyear of his residency in Internal Medicine atOhio State and will begin a Fellowship inInfectious Diseases as a N.I.H. Special Fel­low and will be working for a M.S. in Medi­cal Microbiology.'68. Burr Eichelman has left California andis now with the Public Health Service inBethesda. He received his Ph.D. in Bio­psychology at the Winter Convocation.'68. Kay Kaiser received a Ph.D. in Physio­logy at the Winter Convocation.'69. Andrew Aronson is beginning a resid-Deaths'99. Julius Schiller, Amsterdam, New York,July 5, 1970, age 96.'99. George W. Gearhart, Springville, Iowa,July 23, 1969, age 97.'01. Milton M. Portis, Palm Springs, Cali­fornia, July 21, 1970, age 93.'04. Turner B. Smith, Palos Verdes Estates,California, April 29, 1970, age 92.'OS. R. K. Keech, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, Octo­ber 1, 1969, age 91.'07. Harry Jackson, Bethesda, Maryland,age 90.'09. Albert T. Charlton, Laguna Hills, Cali­fornia, September 21, 1968, age 86.'09. John E. Marvel, Decatur, Illinois, April1, 1970, age 87.'14. Earl Crafts, Lima, Ohio, May 18, 1970,age 92.'17. George A. Cochran, Salt Lake City,Utah, February 28, 1970, age 84.'17. Henry M. Lee, Cambridge, Minnesota,May 31, 1969, age 80.'20. Verne E. Eastman, Long Beach, Califor­nia, January 24, 1969, age 79.'20. Ciney Rich, Decatur, Illinois, February3, 1970, age 79.ency in Pediatrics at The University of Chi­cago. Tom Conley's new address is NavalHospital, Subic Bay Naval Base, Republic ofthe Philippines. Martin Gross is at the Na­tional Cancer Institute, Physiology Section,N.I.H., Bestheda, Maryland. George Kriebel,Jr. is beginning a residency in Psychiatry atThe University of Chicago. Myron Lezalt istaking his residency at the University ofColorado Medical Center. Philip Oyer is aSurgery resident at Stanford UniversityMedical Center. Franis Pien is at the MayoGraduate School of Medicine. WilliamPowers is a Pediatric resident at the Uni­versity of California San Francisco Medi- cal Center. Carol Langford Robins is livingin Cambridge, Massachusetts. Robert Ruben­zik is beginning a residency in Ophthalmo­logy at the University of Michigan. RobertSc haefer has returned to Palatine, Illinois.Victoria Schauf is in Baltimore, Maryland.Stephen Schuchter is in New Haven, Con­necticut. Harold Toy is a Pediatrics residentat The University of Chicago. WilliamWeese is taking a residency in Internal Medi­cine at University Hospital in Iowa City.Robert W ollmann is a resident in Pathologyat The University of Chicago. LaurensYoung is a Psychiatry resident at the Uni­versity of Wisconsin.'21. Gordon N. Best, Council Bluffs, Iowa,May 7, 1970, age 74.'21. Stuart Yntema, Saginaw, Michigan,March 10, 1970, age 72.'23. Stella B. Boyd, Oakland City, Indiana,May, 1970, age 72.'24. Abe Matheson, Chicago, Illinois, Decem­ber 20, 1970, age 72.'24. R. F. Olmsted, Robinson, Illinois, No­vember 29, 1969, age 70.'25. Arthur T. G. Remmert, Winnetka, Illi­nois, February 14, 1970, age 73.'25. Gudmund G. T'horgrimsen, Vancouver,Washington, February 3, 1968, age 76.'26. Margarete Meta Kunde, Carter, SouthDakota, July 1, 1970, age 83.'27. Joseph T. Gault, Skokie, Illinois, No­vember 13, 1969, age 69.'27. Robert H. Stretcher, Waynesville, NorthCarolina, September 8, 1969, age 69.'29. Thomas P. Hill, Lakeport, California,May 15, 1970, age 68.'30. Lambertus E. Beeuwhes, Detroit, Mich­igan, November 22, 1969, age 66.'32. Moses A. Jacobson, Portsmouth, Vir­ginia, August 8,1970, age 74. '32. Jesse J. Weight, Provo, Utah, May 19,1970, age 78.'33. Leslie J. Braudwell, Wendell, NorthCarolina, December 24, 1969, age 72.'34. Paul G. Tobin, Elgin, Illinois, February4, 1970, age 64.'34. O. E. Torkelson, Lusk, Wyoming, No­vember 19, 1967, age 59.'37. Camillo B. Locasto, Wantagh, NewYork, November 9, 1969, age 58.'37. James W. Marron, Oak Park, Illinois,April 12, 1968, age 59.'38. Rodney J. McKenzie, Cincinnati, Ohio,March 12, 1970, age 59.'38. Thomas J. Try thall, Jr., Graveport, Ohio,January 19, 1969, age 58.'39. Carroll F. Shukers, Little Rock, Arkan­sas, June 25, 1970, age 65.'45. F. Richard Hall, t-; Northfield, Illinois,April 6, 1969, age 49.'48. Bernard Eisenstein, Skokie, Illinois,April 21, 1970, age 45.'56. Carl Kaplan, Syosset, New York, June13, 1970, age 41. Quantrell A wardOne of the four 1970 Llewellyn John andHarriet Manchester Quantrell Awards forExcellence in Undergraduate Teaching wentto Lorna P. Straus, Assistant Professor inthe Department of Anatomy and of Biologyin the College.The Quantrell Awards, given annually,were established in 1938 by the late ErnestEugene Quantrell of Bronxville, New York,a former University Trustee, in honor of hisparents. The award carries a $1,000 prize.Nominations are made by a special com­mittee appointed by the Dean of the Col­lege.Mrs. Straus is an authority on the anatomyof the nervous system. She received an A.B.degree in 1955 from Radcliffe College, Cam­bridge, Massachusetts, and an M.S. degreein 1960 and a Ph.D. degree in 1962, bothfrom The University of Chicago. She joinedthe faculty in 1964, was named an AssistantProfessor in 1967, and Senior Adviser inthe Biology Collegiate Division and Assis­tant Dean of Undergraduate Students in1967.A native of Chicago, she has many ties withthe University. Her father, Ernest W. Putt­kammer, is Professor Emeritus of Law andhas been a faculty member for some 50years. Mrs. Straus' husband is Dr. FrancisH. Straus, Assistant Professor of Pathology.Hilger Perry Jenkins Loan FundThe last issue of Medicine on the Midwaycarried the announcement of the death ofDr. Jenkins, Rush '27, and of the establish­ment of The Hilger Perry Jenkins LoanFund for Medical Students.The Memorial Committee, composed ofDean of Students Joseph Ceitharnl as Chair­man, Dr. William E. Adams, Dr. James S.Clarke, Dr. Edwin M. Miller, Rush '13, Dr.David S. Fox, '44, Dr. Michael Sherlock, '70,Dr. Nada Stotland, '67, and Dr. HarwellWilson, thanks all alumni and friends whohave made contributions to this fund.Anyone wishing to make a memorial giftmay send it to The Hilger Perry jenkinsFund, Box 4'51, 9'50 E. ')(/th Street, Chicago,Illinuis (JO(137.News of RushAlumni'13. O. E. Nadeau wrote from Ft. Lauder­dale, Florida, where he retired in 1965 to acattle ranch.'21. J. Arnold Bargen, Clinical Professor ofMedicine, University of California at Irvine,and Consultant in Gastroenterology at theRiverside Medical Clinic, has written Chro­nic Ulcerative Colitis, a monograph pre­pared at the request of present and formercolleagues, covering a lifetime experienceof treating 5,000 patients with ulcerativecolitis.'30. Charles Baron of Covington, Kentucky,received a Distinguished Service Citationfrom Beloit College.Deaths of Former F acuity,Interns and ResidentsBlaine R. Brown, (Faculty, Radiology, 1956-1957), Salt Lake City, Utah, August 1, 1969,age 47.John S. Gordon, (Intern, 1942-1943; Instruc­tor, Surgery, 1945-1947), Los Angeles, Cali­fornia, February 19, 1970, age 54.Anna Hamann, (Faculty, Radiology, 1938-1948), Chicago, Illinois, September 7, 1969,age 75.Frank Kantha e, (Intern, 1936-1937; Resi­dent, Surgery, 1937-1938), Atlanta, Georgia,December 5, 1969, age 59.Lotte Moller, (Assistant and Fellow, Pedi­atrics, 1962-1963, Miami, Florida, Decem­ber 29, 1968, age 46.John H. Morton, (Faculty, Obstetrics andGynecology, 1939-1942), Los Angeles, Cali­fornia, January 5, 1970, age 63.George F. Pinne, (Resident, Medicine, 1940-1941; 1946-1947), Omaha, Nebraska, De­cember 11, 1969, age 56.John K. Taggart, [r., (Resident, Neurology,1941-1942), Jasper, Alabama, February 6,1970, age 58. pain, or on the nature of pain itself. Hepresented his paper at the annual meetingof the American Association for the Studyof Headache held in Chicago in June.Phzhp M. Margolis (Fac. '56-'66) is Profes­sor of Psychiatry at the University of Michi­gan Medical School, Professor of Commu­nity Mental Health in its School of PublicHealth, and Director of the WashtenawCounty Community Mental Heath Center.Sheldon D. MUI-phy (PhD. Pharmacology'58), Associate Professor of Toxicology atHarvard School of Public Health, receivedthe Achievement A ward of the Society ofToxicology at its annual meeting. Thisaward is presented annually to one personselected on an international basis who hasmade outstanding contributions to the sci­ence of Toxicology during the first decadeof his career.News of Former F acuity, Interns and ResidentsDr. William E. AdamsWilliam E. Adams, the James Nelson andAnna Louise .Raymond Professor Emeritusof Surgery, has been installed as the 121stPresident of the Chicago Medical Society.T. Howard Clarke (Res. '38-'41), Professorof Surgery, Northwestern University Medi­cal School, has been named to the newlycreated position of Coordinator of MedicalAffairs at Illinois Masonic Medical Center.John J. Fennessy (Fac. '60-'70), AssociatePorfessor of Radiology, has returned to Ire­land and University College, Dublin, wherehe received his medical education. He ison the staff of Mater Hospital.Marvin N. Goldstein (Int. '64) has left theNavy after two years of active duty to be­come Assistant Professor of Neurology andAssistant Professor of Anatomy at the Uni­versity of Rochester Medical Center, NewYork.H. Close Hesseltine, the Mary Campau Ryer­son Professor Emeritus in the Departmentof Obstetrics and Gynecology, has beenelected Chairman-President of the IllinoisMedical Service Blue Shield Board of Trus­tees. He is also Vice Chairman, Board ofCommissioners, Joint Commission on Ac­creditation of Hospitals.YOj·hio Hosobuchi (Res. '64-'69) receivedthe Harold G. Wolff, M.D. Lecture A wardfor the best original paper on headache, head Robert G. Priest (Fac. '66-67), recently wasawarded the 1969 Gutheil-Von DomarusAward of the Association for the Advance­ment of Psychotherapy. His prize-winningessay was entitled "The Edinburgh Home­less: A Psychiatric Survey."Harry Prosen (Res. '58-'59) is Chairman ofthe Postgraduate Training Committee inPsychiatry at the University of Manitoba inWinnipeg, Canada, and has recently beenappointed Professor of Psychiatry.Charles R. Robinson (Fac. '59), a pathologistin Somerville, Massachusetts, was appointedAssociate Medical Examiner. He recentlywas honored by the Massachusetts RedCross.John W. Weiss (Res. '60-'63) has been ap­pointed Associate Clinical Professor in theDepartment of Dermatology and Chairmanof the Section, at Loyola University StritchSchool of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois.Calendar of EventsWednesday, October 14-Surgery AlumniDinner held in connection with the Ameri­can College of Surgeons Meeting. The Mid­America Club, Prudential Building, Chicago.Senior Scientific SessionDr. Louis Cohen, Chairman of the Ar­rangements CommitteeNearly one third of the Class of 1970 wasrepresented by the 20 papers presented at the24th Annual Senior Scientific Session forstudents in The Pritzker School of Medicineof The University of Chicago.The papers were given in groups of five,with a distinguished member of the facultypresiding at each session. Conducting thefirst session was Dr. Leon O. Jacobson, whoin 1946 originated the Senior Scientific Semi­nars and served as the first chairman.Other session chairmen were Dr. George W.Beadle, President Emeritus of The Univer­sity of Chicago and the William E. WratherProfessor of Biology and in the College; Dr.Walter L. Palmer, the Richard T. CraneEmeritus Professor of Medicine, and Dr.Joseph P. Evans, Professor of Surgery (Neu­rosurgery) .All papers were given Thursday, May 28,in the Frank Billings Auditorium (RoomP-l17).Serving with Dr. Cohen on the Arrange­ments Committee were Dr. Uwe E. Freese,Dr. Alfred Heller, Dr. Benjamin Spargo,and Dr. Frank P. Stuart.The Relation of Medial Structureto Tension in Mammalian Coronaryand Renal ArteriesBy Paul L. BessetteSponsor: Dr. Seymour GlagovPaul L. BessetteThe mammalian aortic media consists ofdistinct lamellar units demarcated by elastin bands. The average estimated tangentialtension per lamellar unit is 2000 -+- 400dynes /cm., and is independent of speciesor aortic diameter. The pulmonary arterymedia consists of somewhat less clearlydemarcated fibrocellular layers with an es­timated tension per layer of 930 -+- 267dynesycm. The present study was under­taken to determine if the medial structureof muscular arteries could be analyzed ina comparable manner, and to study thestructural differences of two major muscularvessels subjected to markedly different in­vivo pulsatile stresses.Intact coronary and renal arteries of 11mammalian species were fixed by aorticperfusion at mean physiologic pressures. Thenumber of identifiable medial smoothmuscle layers increased with diameter andcalculated mean tangential tension, but theaverage tension per layer was relativelyconstant regardless of species. For 163sections of anterior descending coronaryarteries sampled at 5 standard locations theestimated tension per layer was 1230 -+- 380dynesycm. A value of 1330 -+- 430 dynes/cm. was obtained for 70 sections of renalarteries sampled in 3 locations. Coronaryarteries had slightly more stainable medialcollagen, but renal arteries had more promi­nent adventitial elastin fibers.The greater incidence of atherosclerosis incoronary as compared to renal arteries maybe due in part to changes in coronary medialtension associated with myocardial contrac­tion. Apparently, the resulting increases inmedial stress are not compensated for byincreased numbers of medial smooth musclelayers. The functional significance of differ­ences in medial and adventitial fibrocellularorganization remains to be elucidated.A Different Approach to MonitoringCardiac Function and PerformanceBy Mark C. CoanSponsor: Dr. Rene A. ArcillaThis is a preliminary report on a methodfor monitoring cardiac function and for ob­taining parameters of ventricular perfor­mance. The method consists of continuously Mark C. Coandisplaying as functions of each other thevariables ventricular pressure (P), rate offlow output (F), and their derivatives (dP /dr) and (dF/dt). The relationships mostinformative are pressure vs. flow-rate (P vs.F), pressure vs. derivative of pressure (P vs.dP /dt), and pressure vs. derivative of flow­rate (P vs. dF/dt). For each cardiac cycleeach of these functional relations typicallydescribes a "loop" from which various pa­rameters of cardiac function and ventricularperformance are apparent or can be readilyobtained by simple calculation. For example,the area contained within the P vs. F "loop"represents the total stroke power and simpleplanimetry enables analysis of the individualcontributions to the total stroke power (andwork) of the isovolumic, rapid-ejection, andless-rapid ejection phases of ventricular con­traction. Outflow impedance is also easilyderived from the P vs. F "loop" by takingthe ratios of pressure to flow at intervalsduring the cardiac cycle. Similarly, fromthe initial slope of the P vs. dP /dt "loop,"dP/dt,the quantity-p-- which is a measure ofthe force-generating capability of the ven­tricular musculature. is obtained.Preliminary studies and calculations fromthe "loops" have facilitated the evaluationof drug effects in closed-chest anesthetizeddogs. We have demonstrated a flow relatedincrease in stroke power and stroke workduring isoproterenol infusion and respectivedecreases with propranolol. Norepinephrineapparently results in increased pressure development and Howrate without change indP/dt .the initial -p- ratio, whereas calcium infusion, though producing similar increasesin pressure and flow, manifests an increasein initial dP /dt.PFurther studies of cardiac function and per­formance utilizing the "loop" approach tomonitoring .have been initiated in subjectsundergoing open-heart surgery.Autoradiographic Studies of theMouse Fallopian Tube with TritiatedThymidineBy Lawrence D. DevoeSponsor: Dr. Uwe FreeseLawrence D. DevoeThe purpose of this study was to demon­strate the differential uptake of H�thymidineby the different cell types of the mouse fallo­pian tube epithelium.Three groups of albino female mice (12weeks old) were used, housed in quarterswith a timed light-dark cycle. The materialsused included H''thymidine (specific activitylmcyml ): microtome and tissue fixatives;MGP stain.Each group of 40 mice was adapted to a14-hour light, lO-hour dark cycle for oneweek. The mice were followed with dailyvaginal smears. Groups of approximately10 mice each were assigned to each of thefour stages of the estrous cycle and eachgroup was injected with H''thymidine. Threehours after injection the mice were sacrificedand the fallopian tubes and ovaries removed.The resulting sections were processed inphotographic emulsion.A summary of the results reveals that there is an observable correlation between thestage of' the estrous cycle and the patternof label uptake by the various cell types ofthe fallopian tube epithelium:Proestrus: Little uptake by epithelium ingeneral, predominantly in cellsbeneath the basement membrane.Estrus: Increasing uptake throughout theepithelium with more secretorycells involved.Metestrus: Maximal label uptake, predomi­nantly in secretory cells.Diestrus: Decreasing overall uptake, withtrend toward basement mem­brane cells incorporating morelabel.The implications of these results agree ba­sically with those of Pauerstein and Wood­ruff (1967) in their in vitro studies of the ratfallopian tube' epithelium. The histogenesisof the fallopian tube epithelium is still un­clear. The idea of a stem or "indifferent"reserve cell is certainly a tenable one-atleast as regards the origin of the secretorycells. The origin of the intercalary cells andciliated cells remains subject to more specu­lation as they are virtually uninvolved in theprocess of labelling H'ithvmidine.Repeat Cesearian Section in aGhetto PopulationBy Joseph S. DicksteinSponsor: Dr. Stuart Abe, NorthwesternUniversityJoseph S. DicksteinThe problems of delivery of adequate obste­trical care to the urban poor in this countryare well known. An attempt to deal with this dilemma is the Project 502 of the ChicagoBoard of Health in which all pregnancieswhich are found to be high risk are referedto teaching centers for obstetrical care. Inthis study, one such group, repeat ceseariansections, was followed retrospectively for athree year period. (1-1-1966 to 12-31-1968)In that period 660 repeat sections were pre­formed. Of these sections, 326 were electiverepeat sections, that is, regularly scheduledoperations before the onset of labor. Theremaining 334 sections were designatedemergency repeat sections due either to prioronset of labor or premature rupture of thebag of waters or to some other complicatingfactors such as toxemia or third trimesterhemmorhage. There were no maternaldeaths in our series.Maternal morbidity was defined as any com­plication of the post-operative course. Thesecomplications were in 20 categories varyingfrom post-op fevers to severe shock. The elec­tive group had a complication rate of 18.71percent (61 of 326 cases) whereas 27.54percent of the emergencies were complicated(92 of 334). This difference is significant(p less than 0.01).In the series there were 26 perinated deaths,five in the elective group, 21 in the emer­gency group. Correcting for congenital ano­molies not compatible with life, the resultsare three deaths in the elective group or aloss of 9.1/1000 live births, and 20 deaths inthe emergency group for a loss of 60/1000.Comparable series in the literature show aperinatal loss for elective sections of from 3to 28/1000 live births.In conclusion, we see that both maternalmorbidity and perinatal mortaility are low­ered when repeat cesearian section is pre­formed on an elective basis. Furthermore wesee that, given good obstetrical care, our peri­natal 1055 is comparable to other series in theliterature despite the fact that our patientsare mostly from lower socio-economic groupswhile those of the latter are mainly privatepatients.LSD, Psilocybin, Amphetamine, andCold Swimming: Differing MetabolicPathways of Norepinephrine ReleaseBy Michael 1. GoldsteinSponsor: Dr. Daniel X. FreedmanMichael L. GoldsteinRecent studies suggest that altered behav­ioral and pharmacological states are asso­ciated with characteristic changes in metabo­lism of biogenic amines. The effects ofpsychotomimetics (LSD and psilocybin) andcold swimming on brain norepinephrine(NE) were studied. Tritiated norepine­phrine (3HNE) was injected into the cis­terna magna of adult male Sprague-Dawleyrats. 90 minutes later animals were injectedi.p. with drug or saline or were permittedto swim until exhausted in water 15° C. Atvarious times after i.p. injections, or begin­ning of swim, rat brain homogenates wereanalyzed for endogenous and labeled NEand NE metabolites. Psilocybin causes a re­lease of NE. Endogenous levels are loweredmore than 20 percent and previously injected3HNE is metabolized more quickly, causingtritiated deaminated metabolites (3HDM)and tritiated normetanephrine eHNM) toaccumulate. Since both 3HDM and 3HNMare elevated, the release of NE appears to beto sites of deamination as well as to sitesof o-rnethylation. There is a biphasic effectof LSD on labeled NE and metabolites.A wave of release of NE in the first houris accompanied by increased NM. After 240minutes, however, levels of radioactive NEand both metabolites are lower, reflectingthe increased metabolism which occurredearlier. LSD, like psilocybin, appears to re­lease NE to sites of deamination as well asa-methylation. 1 Yz and 4 hours after begin­ning exhausting cold swim labeled deami- nated metabolites were more than doublecontrol values. In contrast to changes inpsilocybin, however, levels of labeled NMwere unchanged. Amphetamine is alsoknown to release labeled NE. Like LSD andpsilocybin, amphetamine increases labeledNM, but the psychotomimetics and ampheta­mine have opposite effects on 3deaminatedmetabolites. LSD and psilocybin are shownto have effects clearly different from am­phetamine and cold swimming. The impor­tance of both deamination and o-methylationof NE in differentiating these proceduresis not consistent with the hypothesis thatonly COMT metabolizes physiologicallyactive NE.Mitotic Activity in Connective Tissueas a Source Of Increased Cardiac DNAIn Experimental MyocardialHypertrophy In Rats.By David D. GroveSponsor: Dr. Murray RabinowitzDavid D. GroveRapid enlargement (up to 50 percent 1072 hours) was produced in the hearts of200-gram female Sprague-Dawley rats bybanding the ascending aorta. Sham-operatedlitter-mates served as controls. Total cardiacDNA increased in parallel with the heartweight during the first two weeks afterbanding. Hematoxylin and eosin-stainedsections were employed for the study of: I)changes in relative numbers of muscle andconnective tissue nuclei; 2) mitotic indicesin connective tissue nuclei; 3) labeling ofnuclei by tritiated thymidine after intra­peritoneal injection of 200 uc of TdR-f-Pon the 2nd day after banding; 4) the fre­quency of inflammatory cells in control and enlarged hearts. Feulgen-stained, 14-u sec­tions were employed for microspectrophoto­metric demonstration of polyploid musclecell nuclei, which were then scored visually.Sham-operated hearts contained 74 percentconnective tissue nuclei and 25 percentmuscle cell nuclei. Hearts banded 10 dayscontained 82 percent connective tissue nucleiand 18 percent muscle cell nuclei. The dif­ferences were statistically significant.Mitoses were 10 times as frequent in theconnective tissue cells of banded hearts asin those of controls. No mitoses in musclecells were found. Connective tissue nucleiwere labeled 5 times more frequently inbanded than in control hearts. Labeling ofmuscle cell nuclei by tritiated thymidinewas quite rare. Inflammatory cells contrib­uted 0.5 percent or less of the total nucleiin control and banded hearts. Polyploid nu­clei accounted for 2 percent of the musclecell nuclei in control hearts, 4 percent inenlarged hearts.It is concluded that myocardial enlargementin this system involves hypertrophy of mus­cle cells, and hyperplasia of connective tissueelements.The Effect of L-DOPA on theCarotid Sinus ReflexBy Perry V. Halushka, Ph.D.Sponsor: Dr. Leon I. GoldbergEmory UniversityPerry V. HalustikaOrthostatic hypotension has been reportedas a side effect of the treatment of Park inson's disease with L-O( )PA. Orthostatichypotension is frequently associated withimpaired sympathetic reflexes, Bilateral ocelusion of the carotid arteries below thecarotid sinus is analogous to the physiologicsituation which occurs when a person initi­ally stands up. In both situations the carotidsinus baroreceptors sense a fall in bloodpressure and respond by instituting a reflexsympathetic compensatory vasopressor re­sponse which if attenuated is expressed asorthostatic hypotension.The present study was undertaken to de­termine the mechanism by which L-DOPAattenuates this reflex.Initial studies performed in cats were di­rected at an investigation of transmissionacross the superior cervical sympathetic gan­glion. After L-DOPA (40 mg/kg.I.V.) therewas no significant change in transmissionacross the superior cervical ganglion duringthe time when there was a significant attenu­ation of the response to bilateral carotidocclusion. Therefore, it was highly unlikelythat inhibition of sympathetic ganglionictransmission by L-DOPA was responsiblefor the orthostatic hypotension.It was found that the reflex blockade elic­ited by L-DOPA was absent in cats pre­treated with Ro-4-4602, a compound whichprevents the formation of dopamine fromL-DOPA in the peripheral nervous systembut not in the central nervous system. Thisresult suggested that the metabolite, dopa­mine, was responsible for the blockade andthat it acted in the efferent 'portion of thereflex arc. Subsequent experiments in dogsfurther localized the site of action of dopa­mine to be between the post ganglionicneuron and the neuroeffector organ.It is postulated that the dopamine formedacts as a "false neurotransmitter" at post­ganglionic sympathetic nerve endings re­sulting in a diminished response to bilateralcarotid occlusion.Cocoonases-A Newly DiscoveredClass of EnzymesBy Jerome HruskaSponsor: Dr. John LawCocoonases are proteloytic enzymes pro­duced by silkworm moths for the purpose ofescaping their cocoons. At the termination of [creme Hruskadiapause, these enzymes are synthesized incephalic glands of the moth called "galeae"and then secreted with a buffer onto the co­coon. The slow hydrolytic activity of thecocoonases lyse the sericin matrix whichholds together the silk fibers of the cocoonand an escape hatch is made.The enzymes of the oak silkmoth (A nthe­mea polyphemu>') and the Japanese commer­cial silkmoth (Bombyx mor;) are secreted inpure form. Disc gel electrophoresis, Sepha­dex gel filtration, thin layer chromatography,and titration with nitrophenyl guanidino­benzoate indicate that both these enzymesare homogeneous and require no furtherpurification. Although there are minor dif­ferences in molecular weight (24,000 vs 20,-000 respectively) and small changes in theMichaelis-Menton kinetic constants, theseenzymes are generally similar. For example,both have serine active sites and have highesterolytic specificity for derivatives of thebasic amino acids, arginine and lysine. Thetwo cocoonases have pH maxima near pH8.0 which are dependent upon the ionizationof a group, probably histidine, with a pKanear 7.0. Active-site-peptide electrophoresisby the method of Sanger indicates that bothhave the same active site amino acid se­quence: Asp-Ser-Gly. Inhibition studieswith l-chloro- 3-tosylamido-7 -amino-2-hepta­none shows that a histidine near the activesite in both enzymes is involved in generalacid-general base catalysis required for re­activity. In short, the cocoonases exhibit suchremarkable similarities to mammalian pan­creatic enzymes that they are often calledInsect Trypsins. Histamine Liberators and Serum CPKElevationsBy Paul L. MarguliesSponsor: Dr. Helbert MeltzerThe mechanism of skeletal muscle creatinephosphokinase (CPK) elevations in serumwas studied in rats. While investigating theability of epinephrine to cause elevated CPKactivity, it was discovered that the twopotent mast cell disruptors (and histamineliberators) polymyxin B and compound 48/80 also produced very high serum CPK ele­vations in vivo, and their actions werestudied. The evidence accumulated by manyexperiments supports the view that poly-Paul L. Marguliesmyxin B and compound 48/80 are actingby two mechanisms to release CPK frommuscle: 1) by releasing histamine locallywhich in turn causes muscle injury, and 2)by acting directly, damaging muscle cellmembranes. Polymyxin and 48/80 apparent­ly activate the same systems, each demon­strating tolerance to repeated doses and cross­tolerance to each other. There is also somecross-tolerance between them and epine­phrine, and support exists for the conceptthat histamine mediates this effect of epine­phrine.Evidence to support the role of histaminerelease in the action of these drugs includesthe reduction in the rise of CPK after deple­tion of most of the mast cells, and theinhibition of the effect after treatment withhistidine decarboxylase inhibitors. In supportof the direct action of polymyxin B, 48/80,and epinephrine .in releasing CPK frommuscle is the slight elevation after highdoses of the drugs in mast cell depleted rats,and the in vitro CPK release from muscletreated with polymyxin. The observation ofdefinite light microscopic and electronmicro­scopic lesions in rat muscle is consistent witheither mechanism.Giant Cell Tumor of Bone:A Clinical-Pathological StudyBy Edward McCarthySponsor: Dr. Jack StevensEdward McCarthyCurettage of a giant cell tumor of bonecan result in a complete cure of the lesion.However, the tumor may recur and evenbecome malignant. Twenty-one cases ofgiant cell tumor of bone seen at The Uni­versity of Chicago Hospitals were reviewed.An attempt was made to corroborate ordisprove the belief that certain histologicfeatures are indicators that the tumor willrecur after initial curettage. These featuresare a dense stroma, numerous large hyper­chromatic stromal nuclei, and frequentmitoses.Eleven patients had complete cure fromcurettage. The histologic picture of nine ofthese cases demonstrated no hyperchromaticnuclei, a loose stroma, and only a raremitosis. Four patients demonstrated franklysarcomatous stromas and one died as a re­sult.Six patients subsequently developed recur­rences after initial curettage. All of theinitial tumors contained areas demonstratingthe features in question, ie. a dense stromaand numerous large, hyperchromatic nuclei.The recurrent tumors demonstrated more ofthese features or became malignant. All but one of these patients underwent amputa­tion for the recurrence. The other was curedwith a repeat curettage.This study demonstrates that a dense stroma,large, hyperchromatic nuclei, and frequentmitoses point to a poor prognosis for giantcell tumor of bone and corroborates thebelief that their presence is a warning forlikely recurrence. This study suggests thattreatment more radical than curettage beemployed when a giant cell tumor of bonepresents with these features.Intramitochondrial Localization of8-Aminolaevulate Synthetaseand Ferrochelatase in Rat LiverBy Roxane McKaySponsors: Dr. Murray RabinowitzDr. Robert DruyanDr. Godfrey S. GetzRoxane McKayInterest in mitochondrial biogenesis wasstimulated over eighty years ago by Alt­mann's suggestion that mitochondria werebacteria modified to exist symbiotically with­in cells. More recently, studies on mitochon­drial DNA, RNA, lipid, and protein syn­thesis have again raised the question of cellu­lar-mitochondrial interrelationships, specifi­cally whether the complete mitochondrion issynthesized as a unit or individual sub-unitsmay be replaced independently. The develop­ment of techniques for isolation of mitochon­drial external membranes, internal mem­branes, and matrix now perm its exam inationof such questions directly.In these experiments, liver mitochondriafrom normal rats and from animals made porphyric with diethyl 1,4-dihydo-2,4,6-tri­methyl pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate were frac­tionated either by sonication and densitygradient centrifugation or by treatment withdigitonin and differential centrifugation.Fractions were characterized biochemicallyfor marker-enzyme activities (cytochrome coxidase for internal membranes; glutamateor malate dehydrogenase for matrix; andmonoamine oxidase for external membranes)and morphologically by electron microscopy.Ferrochelatase activity distributed similarlyto cytochrome c oxidase and hence must befirmly bound to the inner membrane. While8-aminolaevulate synthetase partitioned withmarker enzymes of the matrix, the possibilityof some affinity for the inner membrane wasnot excluded.8-Aminolaevulate synthetase is readily in­duced and turns over with a half-life ofninety minutes, while inner membrane com­ponents turn over with half lives greaterthan five days; it seems likely, therefore, thatmatrix, inner membrane, and external mem­brane subunits may be synthesized indepen­dently. These results are pertinent also to theregulation of haem synthesis: localization ofthe first and final steps to the matrix andinner membrane respecti vel y, prov ides evi­dence which may implicate transport ofintermediates across mitochondrial mem­branes as a regulatory factor.Glycogen Synthetase Activity In The Al­loxan Diabetic Rat RetinaBy Sanford M. MeyersSponsor: Dr. Frank W. NewellDiabetic retinopathy is one of the C0111mon­est causes of blindness in adults today. Theetiology of diabetic retinopathy has notbeen established. Retinas of alloxan diabeticrats demonstrate increased amounts of gly­cogen histochemically and increased phosphorylase activity using glucose-I-phosphateCH incorporation into glycogen as the assay.However, glycogen synthesized by the re­versal of the phosphorylase reaction fromglucose-I-phosphate is structurally and chcmically dilTerent from native glycogen foundin tissues whereas gl ycogen syntht'�i:ted fromSanford Meyersuridine-5'-diphosphoglucose via glycogensynthetase is very similar to native glycogenfound in tissues.Glycogen synthetase activity was measuredin the retinas of albino Sprague-Dawleyrats rendered diabetic by alloxan. Glycogensynthetase activity was assayed in retinalhomogenates by measuring C14 incorpora­tion into glycogen from uridine-5'-diphos­phoglucose C14. The assays were carried outon separate pairs of retinas.All alloxan diabetic rats had non-fastingblood glucose levels greater than 450 mgpercent, and all rats diabetic for six monthshad bilateral cataracts. Glycogen synthetaseactivity was decreased 54 percent in the ret­inas of alloxan diabetic rats with diabetes for6 months compared to normal rats of thesame age.In a time course study, the glycogen syn­thetase activity in alloxan diabetic rat retinaswas decreased by 20 hours after alloxanadministration to the same low levels of ratsdiabetic for 6 months. Administration ofinsulin to rats diabetic for 5-17 days in­creased the glycogen synthetase level in thediabetic rat retina to nearly normal levels.This effect of insulin was seen at 12 hoursafter insulin administration with doses of2-8 units of Protamine Zinc Insulin sub­cutaneously per day. Glycogen synthetaselevels remained nearly normal with con­tinued insulin therapy to diabetic rats. Tissue Amino Acids in Progeny ofUnderfed and Drug-Treated MothersBy Lawrence A. OkaforSponsors: Robert KuttnerAlbert B. LorinczThere is presently great interest in the effectsof extreme protein-calorie restriction duringpregnancy and lactation on the subsequentdevelopment of the progeny. Many labora­tories report irreversible runting and be­havioral deficits in animals from underfedmothers. Drugs taken during pregnancy canlikewise have serious consequences on theoffsprings. We attempted to determine ifamino acid levels or transport into tissues ofLawrence A. Okafo?'fetal and postnatal animals could be signifi­cantly influenced by teratogenic agents andby underfeeding during pregnancy and lac­tation.Radioactive alpha-aminoisobutyric acid(AlB), a non-metabolized but actively trans­ported model amino acid, was employed inthis study (1 microcuriejlO g. body wt.). In50 percent runted rat pups from 8 and 12day litters, the brain-plasma ratio for AIBwas slightly lower (30 percent) than valuesfrom normal sized pups 2 hours after i.p,injection. This may be due to a lesser de­mand for nitrogenous substrates because ofretarded protein synthesis. The tissue-plasmaAlB ratio for liver and kidney was un­changed or tended to increase in runtedlitters.Free amino acid pools in organs from runtedpups did not vary grossly from control valuesas determined by column chromatography. Preliminary experiments with trypan blue(1 ml of 1 percent soln. days 8, 9, and 10)and chloroquine injected into pregnant ratsshowed no striking free amino acid changesin maternal or fetal tissues although chloro­quine when injected daily (10 mg.) in mid­pregnancy may have stimulated AIB uptakeby maternal liver.The mechanism by which many drugs andmalnutrition can damage fetal and immatureorganisms remains unknown and warrantsmuch additional research.LSD in PregnancyBy Eugene Pergament, Ph.D.Sponsor: Dr. Janet D. RowleyThe potential mutagenic and teratogenic ef­fects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) inpregnancy were evaluated in conceptions ofinbred Sprague-Dawley rats. LSD was givenorally in a single daily dose of 100,ugjkgbody weight to pregnant animals on the 4thand 5th day of gestation (Group 1) and onthe 4th or 8th day of gestation (Group II).The animals of Group I were sacrificed onthe 14th or 15th day of gestation, while thoseof Group II were allowed to deliver and theoffspring sacrificed on the 59th-l06th day.Chromosome studies were performed on cul­tured fibroblasts of 28 embryos of Group Iand on bone marrow cells of 3 pregnant ani-Eugene Pergamcntmals of Group I and 4 liveborn of Group II.Karyotypic analysis of 2575 cells indicated nosignificant increase in aneuploidy, polyploidyor structural chromosomal aberrations in theanimals exposed to LSD, when compared toappropriately matched, drug-free animals.No macroscopic congenital malformationswere observed in the 32 conceptuses exposedto LSD in-utero.Thus, exposure to LSD during pregnancydid not result in any demonstrable muta­genic or teratogenic effects on conceptions ofSprague-Dawley rats.Patient Utilization of a Community­Operated Health CenterBy D. Douglas PetersonSponsor: Dr. Robert DanielsD. Douglas PetersonThis study analyzes patient utilization of theCommunity Health Center of Englewood(CHCE) during the period May, 1968,when the Center first opened, to April 6,1970, an interval of approximately 22months. The CHCE is a community op­erated health facility located at the junctionof three south side Chicago poverty commu­nities, Englewood, Washington Park, andGreater Grand Crossing. The facility offersgeneral outpatient medical services, whichinclude routine laboratory screening pro­cedures, two evenings each week, to allarea residents for a small fee or at no costif necessary. The Center is staffed entirelyby volunteer health professionals, includingphysicians and nurses, health science stu­dents and community residents.Data were collected by a comprehensive sur­vey of all Health Center patient records. Atotal of 2,975 patient visits were made to thehealth center during the period studied, anaverage of approximately 130 visits eachmonth; 2,473 visits were new patients regis- tered at the Center and there were 502 returnvisits by 325, or 13.1 percent, of registered pa­tients. The registered patients represented1,808 families, with 389 families having twoor more members as patients. Of the totalregistered patients, 50.4 percent were maleand 49.6 percent female. The Center serveda predominately pediatric patient population,with 81.5 percent of registered patients aged20 years and younger. The largest patientgroup was school children, aged 6 to 15 years,constituting almost two-thirds, 63.1 percent,of the total. A special sub-group of the patientpopulation was represented by 181 adultmale patients, residents of the nearby Salva­tion Army Service Center, who constituted7.3 percent of the total registered patients.On initial or return visit 58.6 percent of pa­tients presented for "routine" examination(including those required for school, campor employment). Of this group, 18.0 percentwere found to have acute or chronic illnessof varying significance and urgency. Of allvisits, 36.1 percent of patients presented withacute and / or chronic medical problems. In54.2 percent of all visits no medical treat­ment or further disposition was deemednecessary, the majority of these representingroutine medical examinations. In 38.7 per­cent of all patient visits, one or more of thefollowing was necessary: medical and/orfollowup, and referral to another facility oragency for treatment, hospitalization, fur­ther evaluation or specialized testing. Refer­ral was in part or whole the disposition in300 or 10.2 percent of total patient visits.The general concept of the communityhealth center has developed in recent yearsinto a realistic model for health planning;while conditions and circumstances varygreatly in different areas, it is hoped that thepresent study may guide the expectationsand planning of similar projects.Auscultation of the HeartBy Doppler UltrasoundBy Calixto A. Romero Jr.Sponsor: Dr. Leon ResnekovThis study represents an assessment of dop­pler ultrasound auscultation- as a non 111- vasive method of cardiovascular diagnosis.A 2.2 MH, lrn Wycm, 2 cm. beam widthultrasound source was used. The signal,which contains information about the mo­tion of the heart valves, components of flow,and heart wall motion, is obtained whenCalixto A. Romero Jr.the emitted wave is reflected from an inter­phase moving in its path. Analysis of thesignal is made possible by its simultaneousrecording with phonocardiogram, externalpulse, and ECG, as well as by frequencycontour plotting.Subjects of this study were I) normalsages 4 to 42 with no evidence by history orphysical examination of heart disease; 2)patients with valvular lesions undergoingcardiac catheterization at this institutionfrom October to December, 1969; and 3)patients with clinical diagnosis of myocardialinfarction seen at this institution duringMarch, 1970. In addition to studies underresting conditions, the effect on the signalof certain maneuvers, such as Valsalva,where hemodynamic changes are predictablein direction, if not in magnitude, wereexplored.As a result of this study. the normal pat­tern in auscultation of the heart by dop­pler ultrasound is established, for 2.2 MH.The distinctive patterns obtained from thestudy of patients with valvular lesions attestto the diagnostic applicability of the method.The changing dynamics of cardiovascularfunction after myocardial infarction are com­pared with the known changes resultingfrom physiologic maneuvers. It seems clear,even at this early stage, that auscultationof the he.irt hy doppler ultr.rsound is a powerful adjunct to present-day methods of cardio­vascular diagnosis.Computerization of CO2 Studies inthe Pulmonary Function LaboratoryBy Paul SchlesingerSponsor: Dr. Richard EarlePaul SchlesingerThe computer program does on-line analy­sis of CO2 rebreathing studies, monitoringof end tidal CO2, and calculation of phys­iologic deadspace. This eliminates consider­able tedious and error-prone hand calculationand allows more efficient and quicker testingby the pulmonary function laboratory.The equipment currently used in a PDP-12computer, an infrared CO� analyzer and aFleisch pneumotachograph which providecontinuous CO2 and flow signals.The program recognizes a breath by moni­toring the flow signal from the pneumo­tachograph; all timing and data collectionare referenced to the flow signal. Flow andCO� are sampled every .025 seconds andassumed to be essentially constant over thisinterval. Volumes are calculated by inte­gration. Because the CO2 analyzer has aslower response time, this data is delayedby a fixed period of time relative to the flowdata. The computer compensates for thisdelay in all operations. The volume of CO2can also be calculated by integrative tech­niques. End tidal CO2 is evaluated by find­ing the peak average CO� for a 0.10 secondinterval during expiration.Using the tidal volume, expired CO2 vol­ume, and end tidal CO2 concentration, one can calculate the physiologic dead space withthe Bohr equation. Currently, the computerprints minute-average end-tidal PC02, min­ute volume, minute volume CO2, and min­ute-average physiologic deadspace.When the patient performs a rebreathingtest, the computer also monitors the peakinspiratory CO2• It compares inspiratory andexpiratory values and will stop the testwhen: 1) either the values are equal; or 2)when fifteen seconds has elapsed to preventrecirculation of CO2 in the blood.This program is currently functioning in thepulmonary function laboratory on a regularbasis, and we are now evaluating its per­formance and comparing its results with thepreviously-used methods for determiningend tidal PC02, mixed venous PC02, andphysiologic deadspace.Technique For Isolation Of RabbitLens Capsules For In VitroTransmembrane Transport StudiesBy Walter SternSponsor: Dr. Tibor FarkasWalter SternThis preliminary report describes an iso­lated lens capsule preparation and the re­sults of chromium and insulin transportacross this membrane.Male and female rabbits (3.5 kg) wereused in all experiments. Lenses from theenucleated eyes were placed in a lens capsuleholder in a bath containing Tyrode solutionfortified with glucose 1 mg/ml. The anteriorand posterior capsules were removed andplaced between two plastic plates containinga circular hole 4.5 mm in diameter. The anterior capsule was removed in a mannerso as to preserve intact the single layer ofepithelial cells covering it. The mountedcapsules were placed between two fluidchambers each containing 2 ml of Tyrodesolution fortified with glucose 1 mg/m!.The chamber into which the external surfacefaced contained either Cr+ ++51 or p31insulin while the chamber into which theinternal surface faced contained only Tyrodesolution. Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium poten­tials were created by bathing the exteriorsurface of the membrane overnight withvarying concentrations of albumin (0.05g/ml-0.15 g/ml) in 0.01 M NaCI and theinterior surface with 0.01 M NaCl.The presence of a potential which variedwith the albumin concentration implied thatwe were dealing with an intact semi-perme­able membrane. The permeability studiesdisclosed that neither the anterior capsulewith and without epithelium nor the pos­terior capsule was permeable to trivalentchromium or insulin. Trivalent chromiumwas bound to the capsule and there wasno difference in the amount bound by theanterior or posterior capsule. The presenceor absence of epithelium did not influencetrivalent chromium binding.Volume Acceleration DuringForced ExpirationBy Vincent TornabeneSponsor: Dr. Richard H. EarleThe purpose of this study was to establishthe relationships between volume acceler­ation, volume flow, and respiratory musclefunction during forced expiration. Normalvalues for forced expiratory acceleration(FEA) were established, and changes inFEA were studied in patients with respira­tory disease.Forty-nine patients coming to the pulmon­ary function laboratory were studied. Therewere 26 males and 23 females varying inage from 9 to 80 years. The forced vitalcapacity, one-second forced expiratory vol­ume, maximal mid-expiratory flow, and peakexpiratory flow rate were determined foreach patient from the expiratory flow curvesVincent Tornabeneusing an on-line digital computer programdeveloped by Drs. Domizi and Earle of TheUniversity of Chicago. From the same expi­ratory flow curve, the peak acceleration andthe time to reach peak acceleration werecalculated using a modification of the abovecomputer program.The patients were divided into three groupsbased on the spirometric data obtained.There were 22 patients with a normal study;19 were considered to have an obstructiveabnormality, and 8 a restrictive abnormality.The mean values for peak acceleration inthe normal group (92.5 L./S/) were signifi­cantly higher than the peak accelerationvalues for the obstructive group (58.3 L.ISIS) and the restrictive group (42.3 L./SIS). There was also a significant differencein the time required to reach peak accelera­tion, the average values in milliseconds being108 for the normal group, 169 for the restric­tive group and 181 milliseconds for the ob­structive group. The time taken to reachmaximum acceleration correlates well withreported estimates for respiratory muscleshortening time. Finally, there is a signifi­cant correlation between the peak expiratoryflow rate (which is effort dependent), andthe peak acceleration for all patients.Adrenocorricoid Response ToStress in Narcotics AddictsBy Bessel A. van der KolkSponsors: Dr. Charles R. SchusterDr. Pierre RenaultThe blocking effect by narcotics of the adre­nocorticoid response to stress has been well established in animals. This is probablymediated by inhibition of the ACTH re­leasing factor from the hypothalamus. Inorder to test whether a similar blocking ef­fect is found in human narcotics addicts, foursubjects addicted to methadone and two onthe experimental drug, l-o-acetyl methadol,were exposed to cold stress, and plasma cor­tisol levels were measured. Three studentswho had never taken narcotics and two ex­addicts were used as controls.Cold stress consisted of sitting in a roomkept at 2-40 C for one hour. The subjects onmethadone underwent this experience oneand twenty one hours after the ingestion ofmethadone, while those on l-o-acetyl metha­dol were exposed to the cold one, twenty oneand sixty nine hours after the last ingestionof the drug. Continuous rectal temperatureswere monitored via a rectal probe, andplasma cortisol levels were determined uponentering the cold room , immediately afterleaving, and two hours thereafter.Bessel A. van der KolhThe temperatures of all subjects, addicts andcontrols alike, tended to rise about .20 Cinitially, during the first 45 minutes of coldexposure. Body temperatures only started todrop sharply after re-exposure to ambienttemperature, where a maximum drop ofabout 1.5 0 below pre-cold exposure wasachieved 45-90 minutes after leaving thecoldroom.Basel ine plasma cortisol levels were withinthe same range in add icts and controls. Con­trols responded to the cold strss with eithera small increase in plasma cortisol levels, ora decrease compatible with the circadian rhythm. The methadone addicts did notshow any increase in their plasma cortisollevels when exposed to the cold one hourafter the last ingestion of their drug, but amarked increase, 22-81 percent, was foundwhen they were reexposed to the cold 21hours later. Two out of four subjects spon­taneously complained of withdrawal symp­toms at this time, which were promptly re­lieved when they received their usual metha­done maintenance dosage two hours later.The two subjects on l-o-acetyl methadolshowed a marked increase in their plasmacortisol levels one, twenty one, and sixty ninehours after the last ingestion of their medi­cation. Neither reported symptoms of with­drawal.From this study it appears that methadone iscapable of blocking adrenocorticoid responseto stress shortly after its ingestion, but thatan exaggerated response is obtained when itsconcentration in the body declines. Thismight be due to the rebound phenomenonwhich some authors postulate to explainwithdrawal symptoms.No blocking of adrenocorticoid response tostress was demonstrated in the subjects onl-o-acetyi methadol. More research on thenature of this experimental drug has to bedone before an adequate explanation of thisphenomenon can be proposed.Association ActivitiesFund CampaignN ow UnderwayA two-day Phon-a-then to contact all pastdonors to the annual Medical Fund driveand ask for support this year was con­ducted September 15-16 by 44 medical stu­dents, housestaff, alumni, and friends.Final results have not been tallied yet, buta spokesman noted that the Fund already is200 gifts ahead of last year, a very encourag­ing beginning.However, as Dr. Walter Palmer, Chairmanof the Medical Alumni Fund, noted, "Con­tinued and increasing support is essential ifthe School is to maintain its high standardsof excellence."Federal cutbacks and rising costs have sub­stantially affected the current price of afirst-rate medical education.Dr. Leon O. Jacobson, Dean of the PritzkerSchool of Medicine and the Division of theBiological Sciences, commented. "... Everymedical school in this country is in seriousfinancial trouble. We too are really feelingthe pinch and, in order to stay solvent, mustconsider drastic steps which, if taken, mighteventually threaten our position of leader­ship.Helping to defray the enormous costs ofmedical education is an area where alumni,former faculty and house staff, and otherswho have been associated with the medicalschool can provide outstanding service.This past spring, a series of organizationalmeetings was held; in the Chicago area, acommittee of more than 80 persons wasformed as a result. In these meetings, anintensive letter-writing campaign was de­veloped, as well as the evening telephonecontacts.Additionally, committeemen in approxi­mately 35 key cities around the country haveworked to organize personal contacts aimedprimarily toward medical alumni in thoseareas. Dr. Schulman isAlumni PresidentDr. Sidney Schulman will serve as Presi­dent of the Medical Alumni Associationof the University during 1970-71.Dr. Schulman, '46, is the Ellen C. ManningProfessor of Medicine (Neurology) at theUniversity and, last year, served as Secre­tary of the Medical Alumni Association.The new officers were introduced at theReunion Banquet honoring the 1970 gradu­ating class of The Pritzker School of Medi­CIne.Other officers are:Vice President-Dr. Edward S. Lyon, '53,Associate Professor of Surgery (Urology)at the University;Sceretary-Dr. Henry P. Russe, '57, Chiefof Internal Medicine at Columbus Hospitaland Associate Professor of Medicine atLoyola University Medical Center, andTreasurer-Dr. Catherine L. Dobson, '30(Rush), who is in the private practice ofobstetrics and gynecology and is a memberof the Clinical Associate Staff of Lying-InHospital.Council members who will serve from 1970to 1973 are: Dr. Robert L. Schmitz, '38,Chairman of the Department of Surgeryat Mercy Hospital and in private practice,and Dr. Lampis D. Anagnostopoulos, '61,Director of Cardiovascular Laboratories,Mercy Hospital; Associate in Medicine atNorthwestern University, and Consultant inCardiology at the Veterans AdministrationResearch Hospital. Continuing on the Coun­cil are Dr. C. Frederick Kittle, '45, and Dr.Heinz Kohut.BequestAccording to the bequest of the late Dr.Helen Hardenbergh, Rush '39, $16,000 hasbeen received by the University for ThePritzker School of Medicine. Dr. Harden­bergh died March 12, 1968. Dr. Ying Tak ChanLoan FundDr. Ying Tak Chan, Rush '31, died onNovember 26, 1968, willing half of herestate, expected to amount to about $30,000,to The University of Chicago. Friends of Dr.Chan asked that her 'bequest be used toestablish a loan fund for medical students.The Ying Tak Chan Loan Fund for MedicalStudents has been initiated through the ef­forts of the Memorial Committee, composedof Dr. Huberta M. Livingstone, chairman;Dr. William E. Adams, Maj. Gen. GeorgeE. Armstrong, Dr. Helen Holt, Rush '34;Dr. Ernest Q. King, Mr. and Mrs. C. S.Liao, Dr. S. Elizabeth McFetridge, Rush'30; Dr. W. Mary Stephens, Rush '32; MissJune Work, and Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Y.Yuen.Memorial gifts may be sent to The YingTak Chan Fund, Box 451, 950 East 59thStreet, Chicago Illinois 60637.Dr. Ying Tak Chan was born in HongKong in 1906 but grew up in Canton, China.Her father, Ch'en Shao Pai, was one of thefour men who overthrew the corrupt Man­chu dynasty and established the Republicof China.In 1923, 17-year-old Ying was sent to Amer­ica to study at Oberlin College. After gradu­ation, she entered Rush Medical College ofThe University of Chicago, receiving anMD. degree in 1931. She interned atWomen's Medical College Hospital in Phila­delphia, then returned to The University ofChicago for postgraduate training in an­esthesiology, roentgenology, obstetrics andgynecology.She returned to China in 1933 to serve herpeople, a task made unbelievably difficultand hazardous by the oncoming world war.Afterward, the threatening Communist situ­ation in China posed still further problems.In 1949, the Communists invaded Cantonand confiscated Dr. Chan's home as theirheadq uarters. She continued her hospitalservices for six more months but finallyfled, her health undermined, to Americawhere she became a citizen.A Letterfrom the Alumni PresidentDear Alumni,News for Medicine on the MidwayHave you changed position, moved, published, lectured, traveled, been appointed tooffice in a medical society, or been honored by a medical or civic organization? If so,let us know ... we'd appreciate it. Clip this coupon, or, if more convenient, use supple­mentary sheet.Name Class of _Address _Info:Mail your item to Medica} Alumni Association, University of Chicago, 9')0 East 59thSt., Chicago, Illinois ()O(,37. Dr. Sidney SchulmanEDITOR'S NOTE: Beginning withthe next issue, Medicine on thePossibly, I am having some sort of endogenous psychic trip,but I think not. There is something about this issue of Medicineon the Midway that gives me a transcendent feeling for theMedical School and the University. It is not in any single piece,and not in any artful order of persuasive pieces, but in a fewvery moving effects-like the biological soul of medicine com­ing across in the simple elegance of the abstracts from the SeniorSession; the reason and the stamina of Alvin Tarlov's remarkson a time of great transition; and the whole irrepressible spiritof good will in a time of captiousness.Read it and tell me what you think!�:i��"PS. The invitation to tell me what you think is not rhetorical.If you do, I think we should begin a Letters-to-the-Editor sec­tion with your comments.Midway will have a Letters to theEditor column. It is hoped thatthis column will provide a forumfor opinions on a wide variety ofsubjects. Letters shoulJ he ad­dressed to the Medical AlumniOtlice, 94') E:lst ')l)th Street, Chi-. \.PERMIT NO. 9666CHICAGO, ILL.MEDICINE ON THE MIDWAYTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOTHE MEDICAL ALUMNI ASSOCIATIONTHE PRITZKER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE950 EAST 59TH STREETCHICAGO, ILLINOIS 60637•ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED NON-PROFIT ORG.U.S. POSTAGEPAID