We feel it is an important part of our func­tion to keep you informed about new pro­grams, problems, and changes. Therefore,we have expanded and modernized ourmedical alumni publication. ThroughMedicine on the Midway and other com­munications, we will continue to presentto our alumni and friends the ongoing, dy­namic history of medicine at The Univer­sity of Chicago.Dr. Leon O. Jacobson, '39, Joseph Regen­stein Professor of Biological and MedicalSciences and Dean of The Division of theBiological Sciences and The Pritzker Schoolof Medicine.ContentsPritzker Family Donates $12,000,000 to Support Medical SchoolDr. Kasik Named Outstanding TeacherUniversity Honors Five for Medical ContributionsMedical Alumni Fund ReportMellon Trusts Give $500,000 for Medical TeachingSloan Foundation Supports Mathematical Biology ProgramTwo Seniors Win Alumni Scientific AwardsTwo New Associate Deans AppointedCompact Artificial Kidney Developed at UniversityNew Officers Elected by Medical Alumni AssociationChemicals Provide Protection During Radiation TherapyMethod Developed to Regulate Heart VoltageThe Woodlawn Mental Health CenterMajor Malaria Research Continues at State PenitentiaryAlumni AwardsNews of Former Faculty, Interns and ResidentsFaculty NewsRush AlumniNews of AlumniFaculty Comment: Heart TransplantationBulletin of the Medical Alumni Association of The University of ChicagoDivision of the Biological Sciences and The Pritzker School of Medicine950 East 59th StreetChicago, Illinois 60637Volume 24 Fall, 1968 No.1Editor: Stuart M. Kaminsky; Associate Editor: Virginia M. Snodgrass;Medical Alumni Association: Douglas N. Buchanan, President; Jack C. Berger '46,Vice-President; Sidney Schulman '46, Secretary; Joseph H. Skom '52,Treasurer; Katherine T. Wolcott, Executive Secretary.Cover photograph:Dr. Sheldon K. Schiff, Associate Professor of Psychiatry, conducts a luncheon meetingof teachers in a Woodlawn grade school. 233344566778915171820212225Pritzker Family Donates$12,000,000 to SupportMedical SchoolThe University of Chicago medical schoolis now The Pritzker School of Medicine.The name of the school was changed tohonor the Pritzker family of Chicago whichhas presented $12,000,000 to the Univer­sity to support the medical school.The gift was one of the largest single con­tributions in the 76-year history of theUniversity.The family consists of A. N. Pritzker JackN. Pritzker, Jay A. Pritzker, Robert A. 'Pritz­ker, and Donald N. Pritzker. A. N. and Jackare brothers and Jay, Robert, and Donaldare sons of A. N. Pritzker.University President George W. Beadlesaid:"These funds will be used to strengthenthe faculty, including the creation of fourendowed chairs in different branches ofThe Pritzker School of Medicine and toassist other activities that will increase thestature and the vigor of the Pritzker School.Great benefits to medical science will re­sult from their generosity."A. N. Pritzker, who received a Ph.B. fromThe University of Chicago in 1916, said:"Our gift is a measure of recognition ofthe University's advancement of humanknowledge, particularly in the medicalsciences. It is an affirmation of our confi­dence in its future. The University of Chi­cago is a great University in a great city,and we are pleased to be a part of both.This gift illustrates our family's realizationof the School's continuing need and ourdesire to help the University seek increasedsupport."Beadle said that the University's Divisionof the Biological Sciences will be knownas the Division of the Biological Sciencesand The Pritzker School of Medicine.Fairfax M. Cone, Chairman of the Univer­sity's Board of Trustees, said:"This gift will add significantly to thestrength of the University at a time whenthe needs of private institutions are great.Mr. Pritzker and his family have shown anunderstanding for this problem and adepth of response that has few equals." A. N. Pritzker, distinguished Chicago attorney, and his family joined university officials at a con­ference anno�n�i.ng the $12 �illion gift. Seated, left to right, Jay A. Pritzker; Dr. Leon O. Jacobson,Dean of the Division of �he Biological Sciences and The Pritzker School of Medicine; A. N. Pritzker;�eorge W. Beadle, President of the University; Donald N. Pritzker; and Robert A. Pritzker. Stand­I�g. from left ar�, Fairfax M. Cone, Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the University; Homer J.LIVingston, Chairman of the Investment Committee of the Board of Trustees, and Jack N. Pritzker.Gaylord Donnelley, a Trustee and nationalC�airman of the Campaign for Chicago,said:"The Pritzker gift is an act of confidence inthe University and the city of which it ispart. It is friends like this who help to makethe University what it is-one of the world'sfinest."The gift gives us the impetus to make thefinal year of the Campaign even more suc­cessful than the first. We hope that otherswill be stimulated by this great commit­ment to the University and independenthigher education."Edward H. Levi, Provost and President­Designate of the University, said:"No part of the University administersmore directly to the well-being of man­kind that The Pritzker School of Medicine.The generous gift of the Pritzker family willprovide the basis for greatly increasing thestrength of the School and for adding tothe strength of the entire division. I amsure this is the beginning of a notable ef­fort for the School worthy of its distin­guished history."Dean Jacobson said:"Th is generous gift wi II enormouslystrengthen the medical school at a timewhen it must meet new challenges. I amsure the gift will open the way to muchgreater progress." Nicholas J. Pritzker, father of A. N. andJack Pritzker, came to the United States in1881 at the age of nine. He founded thelaw firm now known as Pritzker and Pr�tz­ker in 1902.The Pritzker family has been actively asso­ciated with the legal profession, with anumber of business enterprises and withnumerous charitable organizations in theCity of Chicago and elsewhere.Their business activities have been diversi­fied and include the Cory Corporation(which was recently acquired by Hershey),Marmon Group, Inc., Hyatt Hotels, variousreal estate interests (such as Elk Grove Vil­lage and Centex Industrial Park) and lum­be� companies (E. L. Bruce Company,Chicago Mill & Lumber, Michigan Califor­nia Lumber Company).The Nicholas J. Pritzker Center for thetreatment of emotionally disturbed chil­dren, which works closely with the Univer­sity, was originally sponsored by the family.It is a center and a hospital with 40 bedsfor the treatment of emotionally disturbedchildren. The Pritzker Center is operatedby the Jewish Children's Bureau of Chi­cago, but it serves patients of all races andreligions. It has a staff of three physiciansand an auxiliary attending and consultingstaff of 30 other physicians.2r. Kasik Namedutstanding TeacherDr. John E. Kasik, '54, Assistant Professor ofMedicine and Pharmacology, was selected.as the eighth recipient of the J. A. McClin­tock Award.Outstanding teaching quality is the prin­cipal criteria for the award, which is votedby the senior class of the University'smedical school.Last year, the award went to Dr. Hilger P.jenkins, '27 Rush, Professor of Surgery.The award was established in 1960 by Dr.james A. McClintock, '42, a Muncie, In­diana surgeon, in honor of his father, l. A.McClintock, who died in August, 1961.The elder McClintock retired from PurdueUniversity in 1960 as professor of horti­culture after 30 years of teaching.At the time it was established, it was notedthat many awards go to outstanding in­vestigators, while tangible awards to dedi­cated teachers are rare. Those eligible aremembers of the University regular facultyfrom the rank of instructor to professor,with preference given to the younger ormiddle group.Dr. Kasik spent the 1966-67 school year atOxford University supported by a Ful­bright-Hays international exchange fellow­ship from the Bureau of Educational andCultural Affairsof the U. S. Department ofState.At Oxford, he studied the inactivation ofpenicillin and related compounds by bac­teria at the Sir William Dunn School ofPathology.A native of Chicago, Dr. Kasik received aB.S. degree in 1949 from Roosevelt Uni­versity and a Ph.D. degree in pharmacologyin 1962 from The University of Chicago. University Honors Fivefor Medical ContributionsFive distinguished contributors to the ad­vancement of medicine were recentlynamed to receive the jesse L. RosenbergerMedal from the University for theirachievements in public medicine and med­ical education.Recipients of the medal, first awarded in1924 and given periodically since, were:Dr. Lowell T. Coggeshall, Dr. Morris Fish­bein, '12 Rush.Iohn Schoff Millis,John Mc­Farlane Russell, and Dr. james A. Shannon.The medals, presented at the University'sJune Convocation, were established by thelate Jesse L. Rosenberger "in recognitionof distinguished achievement in the ad­vancement of learning or for notably greatservice in the promotion of humanwelfare."The first recipient was Dr. F. C. Banting,discoverer of insulin. Others have includededucators, physicians, and philanthropistssuch as Edward L. Ryerson, Jr., and Mar­shall Field.This year's recipients were recommendedby the Division of the Biological Sciencesand The Pritzker School of Medicine andapproved by the University's Board ofTrustees.Dr. Coggeshall is Frederick H. Rawson Pro­fessor Emeritus of Medicine and formerDean of the division. A trustee of the Uni­versity, he was chairman of an Associationof American Medical Colleges committeewhich produced the 1965 report entitledPlanning for Medical Progress ThroughEducation. This "Coggeshall Report" urgedsignificant reassessment in medical educa­tion, brought into focus the problems oftremendous growth in population andhealth care demands, and recommendedsignificant changes in health care.Dr. Fishbein has been known for morethan 50 years as one of the world's out­standing medical writers and editors. For37 years, including 26 years as editor, hewas on the editorial staff of the Journalof the American Medical Association.Millis, chancellor of Case-Western ReserveUniversity, was president of Western Re­serve University for 18 years. He chaired acommittee commissioned by the Ameri­can Medical Association which produced a report on The Graduate Education ofPhysicians. Recommendations of the "Mil­lis Report" are guidelines for present med­ical education programs throughout thenation.Russell, president of the John and Mary R.Markle Foundation, initiated the MarkleScholar Program. The program has had asignificant impact on improving medicaleducation and research by recognizingand financially supporting promisingyoung men and women and by helpingthem prepare for academic leadership inmedicine.Dr. Shannon has been director of the Na­tional Institutes of Health for the past 18years. In that time, he has worked to bringtogether the different perspectives of theU. S. Congress and the academic commu­nity to make the best possible use of theInstitutes and their programs. An outstand­ing physician, Dr. Shannon had a distin­guished career as a renal physiologist andis recognized as an authority on malaria.Medical Alumni Fund ReportThe following is a total of the funds raisedfor each fiscal year. It includes gifts frommedical alumni made to The MedicalAlumni fund which is seeking $500,000 inthree years as its part of the University'sCampaign for Chicago.1967$50,3431,340 1968$76,0151,315Total contributedContributorsGift DistributionGeneral Use 25,466 50,408AMA-ERF 19,050 16,222Student loans 3,602 5,640Other Purposes 2,225 3,745Outstanding Pledges: 105 Donors-$32,5783Sloan Foundation SupportsMathematical Biology ProgramThe University recently received a $400,000grant from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundationto support its program in mathematicalbiology.In presenting the grant, a Sloan spokesmansaid: "The Foundation believes that thisimpressive University of Chicago programfor attacking biological problems requir­ing mathematical methods to facilitatetheir solution is unique as well as impor­tant."George W. Beadle, President of the Uni­versity, said: "The University has com­mitted itself to building a strong group inmathematical biology based on the Com­mittee on Mathematical Biology which hasexisted here for some time."The first center in the world for researchin mathematical biology was started at TheUniversity of Chicago 33 years ago to pro­vide dual training in both biological andphysical-mathematical sciences.Dean Jacobson said: "The goal of math­ematical biologists is to go beyond thelimitations of observation and experimentin applying mathematical theory to prob­lems ranging from brain function to evo­lution."The present emphasis of The Universityof Chicago program is on theoretical andexperimental neurophysiology, physiolog­ical units, nervous control of movement,biometrics, and population biology."According to Dr. Jacobson, the Sloan grantwill be paid over a two year period andwill permit significant expansion into bio­rhythmics, the biology of rhythms relatedto molecular development of cells, andinto problems of morphogenesis, the struc­tural development of an organism.With the Sloan grant, the University hopesspecifically to: increase to 12 the presentfaculty in mathematical biology. (There arenow six such appointments.)increase to 10 the present faculty with jointappointments in mathematical biology.(There are currently five such appoint­ments.)Mellon TrustsGive $500,000for Medical TeachingThe University of Chicago Pritzker Schoolof Medicine will receive $500,000 fromRichard King Mellon Charitable Trusts,Pittsburgh, for expanding and strengthen­ing its medical teaching.The University is one of 30 institutions inthe nation that will share a $10 milliongrant from the Mellon Trusts for medicalteaching.Dean Jacobson said of the grant:"We are immensely grateful to the trusteesof the Richard King Mellon CharitableTrusts. In making awards of this magni­tude at this time, they have taken a step.ofgreat significance in helping to resolve themajor financial crisis now facing privatemedical education."Support from private individuals andfoundations, especially such contributionsas gifts or grants which have little or norestrictions, are more important today thanever before. Our experience has been thatour efforts to remain independent and pro­mote leadership require more rather thanless from unrestricted resources. We con­tinue to believe that strong private univer­sities are essential to the health of oursociety."In announcing the grant, the board oftrustees of the Richard King Mellon Chari­table trusts said:"One of the most serious problems in ourmedical schools today is the need formoney with which to pay adequate sal­aries for competent teachers on permanentfaculty staffs."There are 1,374 unfilled posts today in thefaculties of our medical schools, accordingto the Journal of the American MedicalAssociation. This is the highest number onrecord." increase the number of both predoctoraland postdoctoral fellowships in math­ematical biology.encourage and support collaborative re­search in mathematical biology with scien­tists at other institutions.encourage and support visiting instructorsin mathematical biology, including a pos­sible international exchange of faculty.establish a Mathematical Biology Labora­tory for faculty members in the programwhose research involves direct contactwith organisms.establish a library in mathematical biologyincluding a collection of journals andbooks, principally in biology and mathe­matics, but also in physics and engineering.The program in mathematical biology isdirected by Jack D. Cowan, Professor andChairman of the Committee on Mathe­matical Biology and an authority on themathematical analysis of brain function.Other members of the Committee now in­clude Morrell H. Cohen, Professor ofPhysics and Mathematical Biology and inthe James Franck Institute; Herbert D.Landahl, Professor of Biophysics and Math­ematical Biology; Richard C. Lewontin,Professor of Biology and of MathematicalBiology and Associate Dean of the Divi­sion; Paul Meier, Professor of Statistics andof Mathematical Biology and Director ofthe Biological Sciences Computation Cen­ter; Richard Levins, Associate Professor ofBiology and of Mathematical Biology,Peter H. Greene, Assistant Professor of In­formation Sciences and Mathematical Biol­ogy, and Anthony D. J. Robertson, Assis­tant Professor of Mathematical Biology.4Two Seniors Win Alumni Scientific AwardsFor the first time, two papers shared tophonors at the Annual Senior ScientificSession. Dr. Gordon Stolzner's, '68, pre­sentation on his research dealing with im­plication of blood platelets in developmentof arteriosclerotic lesions won a $100 Med­ical Alumni Prize this year at the MedicalAlumni Association's Senior ScientificSession.Dr. Jerrold Seckler who gave a paper on"In Vitro Effects of Diethylstilbestrol onthe Isozymes of Lactic Dehyd rogenase" wasalso awarded a $100 Medical Alumni Prize.The prizes were awarded to Dr. Stolznerand Dr. Seckler at the June Alumni Re­union Banquet.The 21st annual Senior Scientific Session inwhich graduating senior medical studentsreport on research done during their medi­cal school years was held on the first dayof the two-day Reunion.This year's faculty committee was underthe chairmanship of Dr. Robert W. Wissler,'49, Professor and Chairman of the Depart­ment of Pathology.Dr. Stolzner's paper presented a new ap­proach to investigating platelets and theirrelation to atheromatous lesions. Hisapproach includes a new method for pro­duction of purified specific antiplateletantibody labelled with ferritin to serve asa molecular tag, and the application ofelectron microscopy to the problem.This year's papers ranged from basic re­search to studies of animal behavior andcommunity medicine.Dr. Terrence R. Anthony reported on hisobservations of captive baboons and gaveevidence to support his thesis that the ani­mals have innate drives to perform certainmotor patterns even when the patterns arenot functional.Dr. Daniel Blumenthal reported on a proj­ect in which 96 students worked for 10weeks dealing with problems of the poorto determine if current medical educationprepared them for the task, and to stimu­late interest in problems of the poor.Dr. Paul J. Schechter spoke on "The Pla­cental Transfer of Thiopental-2-C14 in theRat." Class of 1968 receiving honors: Gordon Stoltzner accepting from Joseph J. Ceithaml, Dean ofStudents, one of the Medical Alumni Prizes for best oral presentation of his research and the firstASCP-SAMA award for his original paper in pathology.Other speakers and papers they presentedincluded:John W. Moohr, "Effect of PolycyclicAromatic Hydrocarbons on Microbial Sys­tems"; Michael Applebaum, "Interme­diates in the Biosynthesis of Cholesterol";Larry A. Larson, "Activation of CirculatingLactic Dehydrogenase"; Dominic Kam,"Identification of Circulating Proinsulin ina Patient with an Islet Cell Adenoma"; JackC. Sipe, "Pancreatic Antibodies: A Diag­nostic Clue to Primary Hyperparathyroid­ism"; Stephen M. Scher, "Increased Capil­lary Permeability in Alloxan-InducedDiabetic Rats."Anthony F. Cutilletta, "Heart Weight, RNAContent and RNA Polymerase Activity inExperimental Myocardial Hypertrophy"; Donald A. Tothbaum, "The Electrophysio­logical Effects of Direct Current Counter­shock"; Donald J. De Pinto, "The Influenceof Stagnant Pulmonary Capillary Blood onthe Diffusion Capacity as Determined bythe Single Breath Carbon Monoxide Tech­nique"; David A. Kindig, "Virons in Estab­lished Murine Cell Lines"; Albert Tsai,"TheEffect of Bacteriophage Infection on the35S-Labeling of s-RNA"; David Holtzman,"The Pharmacology of Delta'<Tetrahydro­cannabinol"; and Burr S. Eichelman, [r.,"The Effects of Amygdaloid Lesions andSex on Shock-Induced Aggression in theRat."Two New AssociateDeans AppointedTwo new associate deans were recentlynamed for The Division of The BiologicalSciences and The Pritzker School of Medi­cine.Dr. Robert S. Daniels has been appointedAssociate Dean for Community and SocialMedicine and Arnold W. Ravin has beennamed Associate Dean with responsibilityfor coordinating undergraduate and grad­uate biological education.Ravin is also Master of the Biology Col­legiate Division, Associate Dean of theUniversity's College, and Professor in theDepartment of Biology.Dr. Daniels, an Associate Professor of Psy-. chiatry at the University is also AssociateDirector of the University's Center forHealth Administration Studies. He hasbeen on the University faculty since 1957.Dean Jacobson said, "Dr. Daniels will ex­plore the University's role in finding meansof bringing medical knowledge and effec­tive health services to the people of oursociety."Dr. Daniels also will make recommenda­tions regarding the University's role in pro­viding medical care and health educationfor the community, particularly Chicago'sSouth Side.Dr. Robert S. Daniels Dr. Daniels said his emphasis will be onestablishing a research and training baserather than on actual services. Ravin willdirect undergraduate education in biologyand coordinate undergraduate and gradu­ate biology training. He will continue re­search in bacterial genetics and evolutionand in DNA-mediated transformations.Ravin, who has been a faculty member ofthe University of Rochester since 1953, isa former dean of the University of Roches­ter College of Arts and Science. He is au­thor of more than 50 major publicationsincluding The Evolution of Genetics .:He is a member of the Genetics TrainingCommittee of the National Institutes ofHealth and editor of the forthcoming mon­ograph, Genetic Organization.Ravin has held a Special Research Fellow­ship from the National Cancer Institute forstudy in Belgium and France. He was pre­sented with the Edward P. Curtis Award forExcellence in Undergraduate Teaching.According to Dr. Jacobson, "ProfessorRavin is a distinguished scientist whosecombined knowledge of administration,biological research, and education will bean important contribution to the growth ofbiological education at the University ofChicago."Arnold Ravin Compact Artificial KidneyDeveloped at UniversityA small, inexpensive hemodialyzer whichmay extend the lives of thousands of per­sons now unable to afford costly treatmentfor kidney failure is being developed byscientists and engineers at the Universityand Argonne National Laboratory.Dr. A. R. Lavender, Associate Professor inthe Department of Medicine suggestedthe new approach to hemodialyzer (arti­ficial kidney) design. Finley W. Markley, anengineer in Argonne's High Energy Facili­ties Division, modified Dr. Lavender's pro­posal and created a prototype device.Commenting on the problem of assistingindividuals suffering failure of both kid­neys, Dr. Lavender explained that eachyear 50,000 Americans could benefit fromthe availability of a low-cost dialyzer. "Atpresent," Dr. Lavender pointed out, "only800 or 900 patients per year are receivingtreatment because cost of such treatmentcurrently ranges from $5,000 to as much as$25,000 per year."The cost is high because patients needtreatment at least twice a week. Dialyzersnow in use are so large and difficult to op­erate that most patients must receive treat­ment in hospitals with trained medicalpersonnel operating the equipment. Eachtreatment takes 6 to 14 hours to complete.In their efforts to reduce the complexity ofthe dialyzer, Dr. Lavender and Markley firstsought to eliminate blood and dialyzersolution pumps by greatly shortening tubelength. They succeeded in doing this byusing many lengths of short parallel tubing.The principal problem to be solved in­volved bonding the short lengths of tub­ing, but Markley, a specialist in the use ofmodern adhesives, developed successfulmethods of achieving this bonding.The result is a dialyzer only eight incheshigh, two and a half inches wide, and twoand a half inches thick. The developers in­tended to create a unit so low in cost itcould be discarded after use. However,preliminary work indicates that it may bepossible to clean the unit and reuse it twoor three times before it must be discarded.(The large and complicated machines cur­rently available are used two or three timesa week by each patient dialyzed. These ma­chines must be taken apart, cleaned andrebuilt after each use.)6New OfficersElected by MedicalAlumni AssociationDr. Douglas N. Buchanan has been electedpresident of the Medi�al Alumn� Associa­tion of The University of Chicago for1968-69.Dr. Buchanan, Professor Emeritus of Neur­ology at the University, has been a facultymember for more than 35 years.Vice-President will be Dr. Jack C. Berger,'46, Chicago psychiatrist.Elected Secretary of the Association wasDr. Sidney Schulman, '46, Ellen C. Man­ning Professor of Medicine (Neurology) atThe University.Elected Treasurer for the year was Dr.Joseph H. Skom, '52, Assistant Prof.essor. ofMedicine at Northwestern UniversityMedical School.Elected to the six-man Alumni Council for1968-71 was Dr. Heinz Kohut, a member ofthe staff of the Institute of Psychoanalysisand Professorial Lecturer in the Depart­ment of Psychiatry at The University.Medical Alumni President, Dr. Edwin M.Miller, Rush '13, and 49 alumni and guestsrepresenting 26 graduating classes werepresent at the Quadrangle CI�b. in June forthe Medical Alumni ASSOCIation Senatemeeting which approved officers for thecoming year. The slate was presented byDr. Peter Moulder, '45, chairman of theNominating Committee.Dr. Walter L. Palmer, Rush '21, moved thatnominations be closed and a unanimousballot was cast for the candidates.Dr. Buchanan, a native of Scotland, wasborn in 1901. He attended the Universityof Glasgow and was a Barbour Fellow therein Physiology of the Nervous System. Hethen served for two years as a resident phy­sician at the National Hospital for NervousDiseases in London. He joined the Univer­sity of Chicago faculty in 1932 and .serv�das attending neurologist at The Universityof Chicago Hospitals and Clinics as well asthe Children's Memorial Hospital inChicago.Dr. Berger was born in Kansas City, Mo., in1923. After earning his M.D. degree heserved his internship and general surgery Incoming president of the Medical Alumni As­sociation, Dr. Douglas N. Buchanan.residency at Presbyterian Hospital in Chi­cago. He then became a gene.ral �urgeryresident in the U. S. Naval Hospital In LongBeach, California.After serving a residency in plastic surgeryand being an attending plastic surgeon atseveral Chicago hospitals, illness followedby blindness forced him to giv.e up �is sur­gical practice. He is now a resld;nt In p.sy­chiatry at Presbyterian-St. Luke s Hospitalin Chicago.Dr. Schulman was born in Chicago in 1923.After earning his M.D. degree, he beganhis internship at The University of Chicagoin 1946 and has been on the faculty eversince except for two years of military ser­vice from 1947 to 1949. He is a member ofseven professional organizations and h�sserved terms as president of both the Chi­cago Neurological Society and CentralSociety for Neurological Research.. Dr. Skom was born in Aurora, Illinois in1925. After earning his M.D. he served hisinternship and residency in medicine atThe University of Chicago Hospitals andClinics and is currently an attending physi­cian at Passavant Memorial Hospital in Chi­cago.Dr. Kohut was born in Vienna, Austria in1913. He served his internship at SouthShore Hospital in Chicago and has servedon the faculty of The University of Chicago.He has held offices in the Chicago Psycho­analytic Society and has served �s presid�ntof the American Psychoanalytic ASSOCIa­tion. He is currently vice president of theInternational Psychoanalytic Association.Other members of the council with Dr.Kohut and their terms of office are: 1966-69 Dr. Duncan A. Holaday, '43, Departmentof' Anesthesiology, University of MiamiSchool of Medicine; 1966-69, Dr. Frank W.Newell, Chairman, Section of Ophthal­mology, University of Chicago; 1967-70,Dr. David J. Lochman, '41, Associate Pro­fessor of Radiology, University of IllinoisCollege of Medicine; 1967-70, Dr. AndrewThomson, Clinical Associate Professor ofMedicine University of Illinois College ofMedicine� and 1967-70, Dr. Otto H. Trip­pel, '46, Associate Professor of Surgery,Northwestern University School of Medi­cine. Chemicals ProvideProtection DuringRadiation TherapyUniversity doctors have found a better wayto protect noncancerous tissue from dam­age during radiation therapy.Dr. Robert A. Goepp, Assistant Professor inthe Zoller Dental Clinic and in the Depart­ment of Pathology, said experiments haveshown that direct local application ofchemicals can provide more effective pro­tection than injections, the method nowused.His U. S. Public Health Service sponsoredresearch has also demonstrated that di­rectly-applied mercaptoethylamine (M�A)is particularly effective in protectingagainst the damage to neigh?oring healt�ytissue, which has been a major problem Intreating cancer with radiation therapy.Dr. Goepp has concentrated his researchon radiation of the mouth and tongue, be­cause complications of radiation in thishighly sensitive area o!ten result in, com­plications in neighboring normal tissues.These complications lead to a greatlyincreased suscepti bi I i ty to i nj u ry andinfection, and the salivary process is de­stroyed leaving an extremely dry �outhwhich causes great discomfort for patients.Basic studies done with mice have demon­strated that radiation given to the moutharea could result in death due to starvationand dehydration, Dr. Goepp said.Continuing these studies, he found thatradiation destroyed the ability to replacecells in oral tissues. This in turn was causedby a radiation induced halt in the replica­tion of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), thebasic reproductive molecules in the tissuecells. He verified this hypothesis by inject­ing radioactively labeled ��droge� into themice and tracing the activity during DNAsynthesis in the tongue.By using three dr.ugs-MEA, amino�thyliso­theronium (AET) and para-arrunopro­priophenomine (PAPP}-in injections, l?r.Goepp first demonstrated that more radia­tion was required to kill the mice. He alsofound that while the chemicals did notprevent the initial injury, they di.d protectthe recuperative power of the tissue andDNA. Thus, the animals became ill but didnot die.The next step was to apply the chemicalsdirectly to the tongues of mice. Resultsdemonstrated that: 1) the mice were bet­ter protected than with injections, 2) ini­tial radiation injury was not as severe,3) the progress rate of the injury was appre­ciably slower, and 4) after a time there wasa sudden recovery from radiation injury.During the experiments, Dr. 'Goepp madeseveral interesting related discoveries.First, the protective aspect of PAPP hadbeen thought to result from the chemical'sability to produce methemoglobin, a bloodsubstance which does not carry oxygen. Adecrease in the oxygen content of tissuesis generally known to increase resistanceto radiation injury. However, Dr. Goeppfound that this chemical's protective abil­ity is not related to the drug's ability toreduce oxygen in the blood.Next, he found that radiation sensitivity inmice has some relation to a biologicalclock mechanism, although the specific re­lation is not clear. He demonstrated, how­ever, that mice do vary in sensitivity toradiation according to the time of day, butthis difference is found only in youngermice and it tends to decrease with age andfinally disappear.In addition to demonstrating the feasibilityof using chemicals to protect tissues bor­dering tumors during radiation, Dr.Goepp's research has characterized radia­tion injury, demonstrated how tissue is re­paired following this injury, and explainedhow chemical protective agents work inirradiated tissue."Little has been reported about the localuse of these chemicals and no previouswork has been sufficiently detailed to eval­uate the feasibility for human use," Dr.Goepp said. "The possibility of local use ofthese chemicals promises the most prac­tical possibility for radiation protection." Method Developed to Regulate Heart VoltageA method of experimentally regulatingnatural voltage in heart muscle cells hasbeen developed at the University to helpsearch for the cause of heart failure.The method involves placing a micro-elec­trode into a small group of heart cells, in­jecting an electrical charge, and recordingthe resulting voltage of the heart musclecontraction.According to Dr. Harry A. Fozzard, Asso­ciate Professor of Medicine and Physiol­ogy, different ion concentrations betweenthe inside and outside of the cell causeevery heart muscle cell to have approxi­mately-1/10 voltage on the inside. Whenall the heart cells, acting together andelectrically connected, become positive, aheart contraction takes place and the heartbeats. It is this electrical activity which isrecorded on an electrocardiogram.When the heart is functioning normally,Dr. Fozzard said, its natural pacemakermechanism keeps the electrical chargeeven. However, when the oxygen supplyto the heart is diminished or varied in ill­ness, electrical activity becomes uneven.Serious disorders, including a heart attack,can then take place.To understand this electrical activity, Dr.Fozzard is attempting to determine howelectrical disturbance in the heart triggerscontraction and how it determines, in part,the size of the contraction.Although the existence of this problem hasbeen known for some time, technicalmeans of examining it meaningfully havenot been available until recently.Dr. Fozzard's equipment includes an ad­vanced voltage-clamp technique, devel­oped in part by Dr. Hans H. Hecht,Blum-Riese Professor of Medicine andPhysiology and Chairman of the Depart­ment of Medicine.Using this technique and a speciallyadapted microscope, Dr. Fozzard inserts aglass micro-electrode with a 112 micron­less than 1 millionth of a meter-openinginto a small group of heart cells. Throughthe glass opening he injects electricalcharges which can control the cell current. Heart muscle contractions are then re­corded by a transducer which touches themuscle and acts as a hypersensitive seismo­graph which filters out extraneous activity.The relationship between the regulatedvoltage and the contraction is semi-auto­matically recorded on tape and can beplayed back instantly on an oscilloscopefor study."At present," said Dr. Fozzard, "we areusing tissue from sheep hearts to learnmore about electrical action in healthyhearts. When we think we understand howthis electrical activity works in controllingcontraction, we will move on to study dis­ease activity. Eventually, we may find theway contraction is controlled and use thisinformation to help patients."This eventual therapy, he said, may bechemical or electrical. "Experiments havebeen conducted to strengthen heart beatsin animals by modifying electrical impulsesin the heart cells. This has not worked verywell in humans," he added, "and our re­search might give some understanding ofwhy this is so."Dr. Fozzard, whose work is sponsored bythe Chicago Heart Association and theUnited States Public Health Service, beganhis research four years ago after spendingtime in Berne, Switzerland, studying theelectrophysiology of conduction in singlecells.Dr. Harry Fozzard8The Woodlawn Mental Health CenterIn Woodlawn, immediately south of the University of Chi­cago, more than 80,000 people are living in a communitywith massive and continuing problems. Crises in health,education and welfare, among others, threaten and chal­lenge the citizens of Woodlawn and their organizations,the University and the city. The extent of the challenge canbe seen in some startling statistics:Woodlawn's mortality rate is 19 per cent higher than therest of Chicago.Half of the children of Woodlawn drop out of the educa­tional system before finishing high school.Seven out of everytu children in Woodlawn are, accordingto their teachers, failing to adapt to the learning situationas early as first report card time in first grade and if nothingis done about it, these children continue to fail in schooland have a high risk of emotional disturbances.The answer, if any exists, appears to be a concerted pre­vention program to treat community problems before theyare so clinically broad that welfare efforts become a matterof stopping a flood with a leaking pail.Five years ago, two psychiatrists, Dr. Sheppard G. Kellamand Dr. Sheldon K. Schiff '56, now both associate profes­sors at the University, came to Woodlawn in the hope ofidentifying and cooperating with the community's leadersin developing a mental health program to meet communityneeds. Equally important, the psychiatrists wanted to de­velop a clinically valid program, one which could be scien­tifically and carefully checked, followed, documented andstudied.The goal was a long-term one, stemming from the realiza­tion that the community's massive problems must havetremendous mental health implications."We were not going into the community with a prede­signed social action program," explained Dr. Kellam, "butwith a commitment first to working with the community,next a commitment to community-wide programs basedon prior assessment of need with careful periodic evalua­tion of the impact of the programs.Development of the Chicago Board of Health-WoodlawnMental Health Center began when the two psychiatristsand a co-worker, who has since left the program, decidedto attempt to study and systematically deal with the mentalhealth problems of a total community. "We wanted to," asDr. Schiff puts it, "develop programs with the community which would prevent the wounds rather than to try topatch up these troubles later when they became moreserious.""For years," explained Dr. Kellam, "we had been seeingmentally ill patients with no real knowledge of the totalpopulation from which they came or of the precursors ofmental illness."Woodlawn is an urban, Negro community near the eco­nomic bottom, but about midway among the 15 completelyNegro communities.Before actually establishing the Center, which was later togain the encouragement and financial support of the Cityand the State, the psychiatrists began talking to the Wood­lawn Services Council, a group of agencies that wantedthe psychiatrists to concentrate on treating acutely dis­turbed people with the traditional techniques, a task thatwould have been overwhelming.The doctors then turned to the community organizations,including the important community citizens action groupcalled The Woodlawn Organization (TWO), a confedera­tion of approximately 110 block clubs and churches in theneighborhood. TWO made it clear that they regarded thesocial agencies as a form of welfare colonialism. Not onlyTWO but other community groups were interested in theprogram if it involved working directly with people beforethey became ill or maladapted. Their interests were clear:the building of a strong future for the community and thedesire to know if the psychiatrists would respect the com­munity's aspirations.The question of trust was expressed directly as fear thatthe basic intention of the program was to use the neigh­borhood and its citizens as "guinea pigs" for exploitativeresearch interests which would provide little for Wood­lawn in the way of benefit and probably a great deal in theway of indignity.The fi rst major crisis resulted from the selection of a sitefor the Center. All but two locations were ruled out asinadequate. One site was owned by a Negro businessmanwho lived in Woodlawn. The other Woodlawn site wasowned by a corporation of white "downtown" business-men.Because of far superior location and far superior facilities!they chose the site owned by the "downtown" group, alocation which they still occupy in an office building on63rd Street, the main thoroughfare of Woodlawn.9The reaction was explosive. Neighborhood newspaperscarried headlines such as "Dispute Rages Over Site of Men­tal Health Center: Race Bias Charged." The support of theWoodlawn Services Council, which at that time repre­sented the public and private agencies forum, for the siteselected only added fuel to the community reaction.The reprimands were instant, harsh and massive by thecitizens of Woodlawn, and the psychiatrists were chal­lenged to appear at community meetings and defend them­selves. There was some hope, however, in the dispute."The fight over the choice of site offered a major occasionfor the community to express its wish to be taken into ac­count �nd acknowledged as the major source of sanctionfor the Center," explained Dr. Schiff.The intensity and frequency of these meetings as well asthe intensity of the informal contacts with citizens of thecommunity, increased to a point of extreme crisis when itwas learned that TWO was planning to picket the Board ofHealth and the Office of the Mayor.At an early meeting with theTWO steering committee, amidopen and intense accusations, the psychiatrists respondedwith a statement of regret for not having pursued the com­munity sufficiently on the need for an advisory board. Butthey insisted that the site problem was an example of whyagency professionals could not work in a neighborhoodwithout such a citizen's board.The picketing was cancelled at the last minute and a TWOwatch dog committee set up which the Center Directorsimmediately asked to meet to discuss the next steps in theCenter's development.Meetings not only with TWO, but also with individuals andcommunity groups hostile to TWO, continued and evolvedinto the present 25-man Advisory Board. It is made up ofleaders of citizen organizations rather than agency serviceorganizations and broadly reflects community interests andaspirations."It is now well known in the community that anyone whopersistently criticizes a mental health program of the Cen­ter automatically is invited to join the Advisory Board,'said Dr. Kellam. "To date no one has refused an invitation."The Advisory Board's position is crucial.One of the immediate questions raised by the Board con­cerned the furnishing of the Center. They wanted morethan a store-front operation such as they had frequently seen move in for a year or two and move on. It was hard tojustify to government officials, but the Center was furnishedwell and with a definite air of stability and permanence.The Board also pushed for a sign and letterhead which read"Woodlawn Mental Health Center" and not merely "Boardof Health, City of Chicago." The unprecedented move ofindicating a community by name on official Chicago prop­erty was made when the psychiatrists convinced the cityofficials of the importance of this statement of recognitionof the community.The most important decision of the Advisory Board to date,however, has been that the Center concentrate on theyoung school children."This meant to us" explained Dr. Schiff, "that a programdirected at helping young children make a good start inschool was of pri mary concern, as al ready demonstratedby the civi I rights efforts focused on school and education."The Center agreed to a program of periodically assessingthe mental health needs of the 2,000 children who enterthe 60 first grade Woodlawn classrooms each year in 12elementary schools, and agreed to developing an interven­tion program based on the assessment of need to try tohelp the children get off to the best possible start in be­coming students.It was decided that the assessment system should deal withtwo problems: first, the problem of how well the childrenwere doing adapting to the job of being students, and,second, how anxious, depressed, bizarre or generally howemotionally disturbed each child was.The first step was to interview the Woodlawn first gradeteachers, and learn from them what the jobs were theyexpected first graders to accomplish. This was done. Scaleswere made of the five basic jobs of socializing with otherchildren,accepting authority, being relatively independent,learning, and being able to concentrate. Mrs. JeannetteBranch, Chief of Mental Health Services for the Center andgraduate of the University's School of Social Service Ad­ministration, interviews each first grade teacher in Wood­lawn three times in first grade, then each third gradeteacher and then each fifth grade teacher and obtains arating on each scale for each Woodlawn child as to howthe child is doing at that time in the child's schooling.It was after the initial intensive one year study that it wasdiscovered that 70 per cent of the children were failing to10Douglass Turner, Coordinator of the First-Grade Intervention Program,talks to a group of mothers in a Woodlawn first grade classroom. Dr. Sheldon K. Schiff '56, Associate Professor of Psychiatry talks to a first­grade class as part of the intervention program of the Woodlawn MentalHealth Center.Dr. Sheppard G. Kellam, Associate Professor of Psychiatry, comments on the interaction of two Woodlawn first graders.11adapt to the educational system as early as fi rst report cardtime in first grade."It was equally horrifying," said Dr. Kellam, "to find that ifnothing is done, these children stay that way. Their risk ofemotional disturbance, and their likelihood of remaining astudent failure are extremely high."The question stood out: How long can a community sur­vive losing 70 per cent of its children by the end of theinitial nine weeks of first grade?"If someone is seeking the answer to the question of whythere are street gangs," said Dr. Kellam, "it can be seen inWoodlawn as the result of years of such failure. The psy­chology of failure, the need to be in a social system thatdoes give some sense of dignity points the children to theneed to organize. The gang is a Greek letter fraternity withall the positive functions plus the added burden of needingto disclaim the validity of middle class society's values."It was evident that traditional means of dealing with schoolfailure in the community were not working. A kind of pro­gram had to be designed by which the relatively smallCenter staff could effectively rdeal with 2,000 children.Behind all the planning lay the realization that successwould depend on much more than the children them­selves. The relation of teachers to principals, schools to thecommunity, child to parents and parents to the system hadto be taken into account. The only place to do this effec­tively was in the classroom itself.The decision was to create a program including the teacher,the child, the parents, and the class and involving them inthe major goal of becoming a student.Before the intervention program began, the schools weredivided as equally as possible into experimental and con­trol groups.The psychiatrists assumed that the teacher's maladaptationrating was not the sole responsibility of the six-year-old,but included such factors as the teacher and her personal­ity, the social system of the school, the child's family, andthe problems faced by the community. Thus, somehow, allhad to be included in the program.The first year, weekly one-hour meetings were held withteachers and administrators in the experimental schools.In addition, weekly half-hour classroom meetings wereheld with a psychiatrist and the teacher. In these sessions,the severely maladapting students were the only ones whotook part in discussion. "The focus of these and subsequent classroom interac­tions," explained Dr. Schiff, "has been the child's view offirst grade and of himself as a 'first-grader'." Discussionsdeal with what it is like to be a first grader and range insubject matter from comparison of the classroom and fam­ily to talks about the death of Martin Luther King, Jr. Theindividual capacity and dignity of the child is the pervasiveunderlying theme of all these group meetings.Immediate assessment of the first year results seemed toindicate that the control school students remained aboutthe same in terms of adjustment, but the experimentalschool students actually got worse.The reason turned out to be that the teachers in the experi­mental schools had become more critical. Recent testinghas shown that the students who participated in this lim­ited first year program are two months ahead in readingachievement compared to control school children twoyears after the program.The intervention, according to Dr. Kellam, as limited as itwas in that program year, has had a limited but definite andpositive effect on the ability of the students to adapt, to"make it."I n the second year of the program, with teachers taking amore active leadership role, the 17 weeks of sessions in­cluded all students in the class. These sessions were sup­ported by Parent Meetings. To reach these parents who hadto meet during school hours, a coordinated system of let­ters and personal door-knocking procedures was orga­nized, using the children, mothers in the classroom, PTAmembers, community organization members, the Centerstaff and other agencies in the community.The School-Community Representative from each schoolcoordinated these meetings with a member of the Centerstaff, now Douglass Turner, Coordinator of the First-GradeIntervention Program. About 26 per cent of the first gradeparents turned out to meetings at the six experimentalschools. The pay-off increased slightly more that year.Last year, encouraged by the increasing results the programwas increased to 21 weeks and parents were invited to sitin at the classroom sessions. Of the 1,000 students, 325 hadat least one parent in a classroom session and 600 childrenor 60 per cent had parents at the Parent Meetings. The pay­off was higher. There was an 8112 per cent gain in the per­centage of children adapting well in the treatment schoolsand no gain at all in the control schools.12In classroom sessions, the psychiatrists observed that thechildren had two major excuses among others for poorperformance. First, they displayed what the two psychia­trists call the "Peter Pan" phenomenon. They are not doingtheir job in first grade because they are "too young." Sec­ondly, family trouble or trouble in the neighborhood didnot permit them to do their work or come to school. Thefocus of the classroom interactions has been and continuesto be to get the children over this crisis of first grade, i.e.the transition to student status, and to help them make thetransition from home to school.A scene from a recent classroom session might give someidea of how the program works."Robert is not doing his work because he acts like a baby,"said the six-year old boy seriously.The other two dozen first graders considered the answerand several eager hands shot up."But he's a first grader-not a baby," said a little girl."What do the rest of you think?" asked the teacher, a youngnun in modern habit.A few hands went up, joined by a few more."I think we need his mother or father to come to the meet­ing," said a classmate.Mrs. Brown, the mother of one of the first graders, sug­gested that she could visit Robert's mother and tell her ofthe conversation."What do you think of the idea, Robert?" asked the teacher."I think it's a good idea," said Robert, looking gratified andrelieved.This year the teachers are beginning to handle the programon their own. The parents are turning out in tremendousnumbers and more than half of the students have had atleast one parent in classroom sessions."Only a few of the parents were openly hostile to the pro­gram," said Dr. Schiff, "but the large majority participateand contribute. In 1966-67, 69.5 per cent of the 1000 chil­dren had a parent participate in the program at least onceduring school hours. This past school year, 1966-67, 85 percent of the children had a parent participate at least once.All of these visits occurred during the school hours of 9-3."So much for the myth of the unavailable ghetto parent,"said Dr. Schiff. Parents are being introduced to the tasks of first graders.Parents, teachers and children are discussing the impor­tance of success in first grade, and talking about the prob­lems of each child has in reaching his potential.Next year, the program will be expanded to include all thefirst graders. Control classes will be eliminated and teach­ers who have gone through the program and held sessionswill, in turn, train the former control teachers. A group of10-15 teachers have al ready begun a school-mental healthtraining program given at the Center. They are participatingin formalizing their role in a publishable training curricu­lum which will be made broadly available. This curriculumwill be the theory and practice of the teacher mental healthtrainer-consultant with an appendix of teaching aideswhich evolved from the past four years of the program.Requests are coming in for video tapes and transcripts ofthe program sessions for use by boards of education allover the country, including those in communities in thehigher income spectrum.Community organizer Saul Alinsky has called the Center'seffort "profound and significant" and has referred to thedirectors as "two lonely psychiatrists in all the city of Chi­cago who are carrying out a project where they workjointly with people as equal citizens." M. Brewster Smith,the former vice-president of the Joint Commission on Men­tal Health is "enormously impressed" with the program,and the community itself is deeply involved. The MauriceFalk Medical Fund has just given the Center $107,000 topublish and make its work known to other communitiesand psychiatrists.The implications for services of two systematic family sur­veys and the teacher ratings under the program are broad.Premature birth was found to correlate highly with mal-·adaption in first grade. "Where," asked Dr. Kellam, "is ourprenatal care in the community and how can we promotethis aspect of community service?"Mothers who receive Aid to Dependent Children (ADC)lose 85 per cent of their children in terms of the child'scapacity to adjust to the role of student. Crowded livingconditions, a poverty level or lower living income, and alack of expectations and hope for the future characterizethe ADC families of first graders. On the basis of these find­ing, Dr. Kellam and Dr. Schiff feel that it is urgent that thecurrent welfare structure be changed so that it provides13the ADC mothers with an increased sense of personal dig­nity, increased self-participation in decision-making, anda real possibility of hopefulness in supporting her family.Nutrition correlated with the child's adaptation to school.Children who had no breakfast before coming to schoolwere found to be more shy and underachieving than thechildren who had some breakfast. What responsibilitycould the school take for these children who come toschool in the morning having had nothing to eat?Only seven per cent of the children who change schools inthe middle of first grade are adapting to the role of student.When the school administrations in the Woodlawn arealearned of this finding, they began to question the rigidboundary lines for school attendance for those childrenwho move during a school year.The mother's mental health is a factor influencing thechild's adaptation to becoming a student as are whetherthe real father is in the home, the amount of income of thefamily, the hopes and expectations of the mother and herown feeling of potency in influencing her child's future,and a whole host of other factors which Dr. Kellam and Dr.Schiff think could be, with adequate planning, influencedfor better adaptation of children to school."To get to 100 per cent of children," said Dr. Kellam, "wewould have to mount a comprehensive approach beyondthe mental health clinic. We accounted for an 81/2 per centgain in the percentage of adapting first graders by ourintervention program and we're tremendously pleased. Wethink to add more children to those 'making it' as students,a new organization, built on a synthesis of medical, educa­tion and welfare programs is necessary, built around theearly assessment of all children with a coordinated compre­hensive response by all components of human services."They believe these institutions should get out of the crisisintervention business and into the prevention and earlytreatment business.At present the Center is sponsored by an annual $120,000grant, 60 per cent of which is paid by the state and 40 percent of which comes from the city. The school mentalhealth program is being sponsored by two $75,000 yearlygrants, one given by the NIMH and one by the Illinois StateDepartment of Mental Health under Dr. Harold Visotsky,who has been strongly involved with the Center from thebeginning. When the program began, university support came fromthe University of Illinois, especially its Department of Psy­chiatry. Because of its proximity and interest and with thearrival of Dr. Daniel X. Freedman as Psychiatry's Chairman,The University of Chicago became the prime academicsource several years ago. Dr. Freedman calls this a land­mark development in psychiatry pioneering not only aremarkable program in school psychiatry, but also onewhich is unique in systematically evaluating communityprograms. He noted, "apart from its implications for pre­vention and as a model for longitudinal epidemiologicalstudies, this approach can teach planners how to respecttruly community based service programs and how to col­laborate with the resources appropriately available throughboth universities and governments."While the Center has concentrated on the school program,other programs are also being collaboratively developedwithin the community under the direction of University ofChicago psychiatrist Dr. Donald Williams, Instructor atUniversity of Chicago and Associate Director of the Center.A mental health consultation program for service agenciesand one for community organizations has been carried outfor several years. "Social clubs" have been established inchurch recreation centers for administering a broad varietyof mental health services to acutely disturbed patients inthe community.However, as Drs. Kellam and Schiff point out, this is all justa start, a first step, one community in one city.Dr. Donald Williams, Instructor and Associate Director of the Wood­lawn Mental Health Center, conducts a classroom session.14Major Malaria ResearchContinues at State PenitentiaryEven if. a seemingly perfect treatment for malaria weredeveloped tomorrow, extensive research on the diseasewould continue at The University of Chicago.The reason for the continuing research effort would be theability of the disease to develop resistance to various drugs.A man who well understood this problem and devotedmuch of his life to continuing research on the disease washonored recently for his work involving penitentiary pris­oners by the prisoners themselves.The late Dr. Alf S. Alving, Professor of Medicine, began avolunteer project to study the disease in 1944 at the Joliet­Stateville branch of the Illinois State Penitentiary, 35 milessouthwest of Chicago.In honor of his pioneer work, during a formal ceremonyat the prison, Warden Frank Pate and the volunteer pris­oners dedicated a plaque to Dr. Alving who died in 1965.Pate said "Dedication of this plaque is a small tribute topay to a great doctor and scientist for his untiring efforts inbehalf of humanity."Dr. Alving, a renal physiologist, was drafted into wartimemalariology because of his knowledge in quantifyingplasma levels of various drugs. Under Dr. Alving, the proj­ect established the safety of chloroquine as an effectiveantimalarial drug.Dr. Alving continued the project after the war, spendingmost of his time testing various drugs and eventually clin­ically validating primaquine, another major antimalarialdrug.More than 4,000 prisoners have participated in the projectwithout serious complications since its inception by Dr.Alving. According to Dr. Paul E. Carson, scientific directorof the project and Associate Professor of Medicine, theprisoners have "saved hundreds of hours of sickness, thou­sands of lives, and millions of dollars."Dr. Alving, who held B.S. and MD. degrees from the Uni­versity of Michigan, joined the faculty of The University ofChicago in 1934 after five years with what was then theRockefeller Institute for Medical Research.He was awarded the Certificate of Appreciation by theOffice of Scientific Research and Development in 1945, thePresident's Certificate of Merit in 1948, and the Certificateof Appreciation by the Department of the Army in 1953. An inmate laboratory technician, dissects a mosquito at The Universityof Chicago-Army Medical Research Project's malaria unit at the State­ville branch of the Illinois State Penitentiary.15According to Dr. Robin D. Powell '57, clinical directorof the project and Assistant Professor of Medicine, theproject Dr. Alving began is especially significant becausemore people (50 million each year) have malaria than anyother serious disease and more deaths (one million a year)are caused by it than by any other serious disease.The project has taken on renewed urgency recently be­cause of drug-resistant malaria in Vietnam and SoutheastAsia.According to Dr. James V. McNamara, Research Associateat the University and a Major in the U. S. Army, malariacannot be eradicated in Vietnam or elsewhere with ourpresent knowledge of the disease.In Vietnam, according to Dr. McNamara, the problem isfurther complicated by alien strains of malaria being car­ried into South Vietnam by infected North Vietnameseregular army soldiers.Estimates have been made, he continued, that if Americanswere to be in the field in Vietnam for three months, 90per cent would have malaria. As it is, by allowing men tostay in the field for short periods and by taking properpreventive precautions in base camps, malaria among U. S.servicemen can be controlled and the necessity of evacua­tion for treatment greatly diminished.The goal of The University of Chicago-Army project whichDr. Al.ving founded is to find a drug that will prevent pres­ent malaria. To accomplish this, new drugs are tested in theprison project, which includes a 19-bed ward, laboratoriesand a small office. According to Dr. McNamara, one offour full-time project members assigned to the prison, theproject is heavily dependent upon the inmates, both astechnicians and as volunteer participants. More than 20inmates, for example, are engaged in handling the techni­cal work of the project.The project, under Army contract, is administered by Dr.Carson and Dr. Powell. They and Dr. James E. Bowman,Associate Professor of Medicine and Pathology, form theinternational health and genetics section of the University'sDepartment of Medicine. All three are frequent visitors tothe prison.A key speaker at the recent dedication ceremony was Dr.Gustave J. Dammin, President of the Armed Forces Epi­demiological Board and Professor of Pathology at HarvardUniversity. Discussing the plaque dedicated to the late Dr. Alt Alving are Dr. leonO. Jacobson, Dean of the Division of the Biological Sciences and ThePritzker School of Medicine and Dr. James V. McNamara, Research Asso­ciate at The University of Chicago and a Majorin the United States Army.Warden Frank Pate reads a letter trom a former Stateville guard nowserving in Vietnam to inmate volunteers in the malaria project. With himis Dr. Robin D. Powell, '57, Clinical Director of the Project and AssistantProfessor of Medicine.16Alumni AwardsThe Distinguished Service AwardsThe Distinguished Service Awards went tothree outstanding degree holders from theSchool of Medicine at the annual MedicalAlumni Reunion Banquet of the medicalschool in june.A total of 414 alumni and guests attendedthe reunion dinner held for the first timein Hutchinson Commons.Award recipients for 1968 were:Earl P. Benditt, (Faculty' 44-'57) professorand chairman of the Department of Pa­thology at the University of Washington,Seattle.Frank W. Putnam, (Faculty '47-'55) profes­sor of biology and director of the Divisionof Biological Sciences at the University ofIndiana, Bloomington.Edward R. Woodward '42, professor andhead of the Department of Surgery, Uni­versity of Florida, Gainesville.The Distinguished Service Awards havebeen presented at the reunion for the past16 years, as have the Gold Keys of theMedical Alumni. This year's gold keys forpast contributions to the medical schooland the University went to:William Bloom, (Faculty 1926- ). CharlesH. Swift Distinguished Service ProfessorEmeritus in the Departments of Anatomyand Biophysics at The University ofChicago.C. Phillip Miller '18, Rush (Faculty 1925-1960), Professor Emeritus of Medicine atThe University of Chicago.Special guests at the banquet were the 68members of the 1968 graduating class ofthe University's Pritzker School of Medi­cine and 15 graduates of the Class of 1918of Rush Medical College. The main speakerfor the evening was Dr. Robert H. Ebert '42,dean of the Harvard Medical School.Dr. Benditt has done extensive research oncell injury, abnormalities of protein struc­ture and synthesis, and vascular disease.He served on the faculty of The Universityof Chicago from 1944 to 1957 and is a pastpresident of the Histochemical Society. Putnam is known for his research on de­naturation of proteins; the isolation, phys­ical chemistry and structure of plasmaproteins, enzymes, toxins and viruses, andhis isotopic study of protein synthesis andvirus reproduction. He served on The Uni­versity of Chicago faculty from 1947 to1955. He is on a number of national com­mittees and has served as editor of theArchives of Biochemistry and Biophysics.Dr. Woodward is known for his studiesof the physiology of the gastrointestinaltract. A member of The University of Chi­cago faculty from 1947 to 1953, he is amember of a number of national medicalorganizations and is a fellow of the Col­lege of Surgeons.Dr. Bloom is known for a variety of re­search involving histology and hystophys­iology of bone. He has been a memberof The University of Chicago faculty since1926.Dr. Miller has conducted extensive re­search on meningococcus and gonococcusand the action of antibiotics on infection.He joined the faculty of The University ofChicago in 1926. Dr. Miller is a past presi­dent of both the Association of AmericanPhysicians and the American Society forExperimental Pathology.The attending 1918 Rush alumni were:Dr. Craig D. Butler, Dr. joseph K. Calvin,Dr. Harold D. Caylor, Dr. Marion Cole­Schroeder, Dr. Ethel M. Davis, Dr. johannaHeumann, Dr. john R. Dundon, Dr. Ed­ward e. Holmblad, Dr. Harry L. Huber, Dr.Robert L. Kerrigan, Dr. I. Michael Levin,Dr. David A. Levine, Dr. Marian Lewis, Dr.e. Phillip Miller, Dr. Henry N. Tihen, andDr. Willard D. White.The Alumni MedalThree distinguished medical alumni ofthe University, were honored at theUniversity's annual Awards Assembly.The Alumni Medal, the Alumni Associa­tion's highest honor, was awarded to Dr.Robert Higgins Ebert, '42, Dean of the Har­vard Medical School. The medal is given"for extraordinary distinction in one's fieldof specialization and service to society."One alumnus was awarded the AlumniCitation for Public Service and' one re­ceived an Alumni Professional Achieve­ment Award. The Alumni Citation recognizes "unselfishservice to the community, the nation andhumanity" and "leadership in those civic,social and religious activities that are es­sential in our democratic society."The Professional Achievement Award, es­tablished in 1966, recognizes "achieve­ment by alumni in fields where the limita­tion to'voluntary'service is inappropriate."It is given with the conviction that "out­standing achievement in many profes­sional fields confers positive benefits uponsociety and reflects the standards andideals of the University."Dr. Ebert received his S.B. degree fromthe University in 1936. A Rhodes Scholar,he earned his Ph.D. from Oxford Uni­versity in 1939.The recipients of the Alumni Citation wereDr. Norris L Brookens,'39, who received hisS.B. degree from the University in 1932,his Ph.D. in 1937. Dr. Brookens is a spe­cialist in internal medicine in the Depart­ment of Internal Medicine (PsychosomaticDiseases), Carle Clinic, Urbana, Illinois. Hehas served for 14 years as a member of theUrbana, Illinois Board of Education andled the movement to make Urbana theonly unit school district in Illinois that hascompletely desegregated all attendance. units; and Dr. Robert Warren jamplis, '44,of Atherton, California who received hisS.B. degree in 1941. Dr. jamplis, a generaland thoracic surgeon, is the chair­man of the executive board of the PaloAlto Medical Clinic and a faculty memberat the Stanford University School of Medi­cine. His major areas of public serviceare in promoting better health faci lities(in the San Francisco Bay Area as an activemember of the Mid-Peninsula HealthFacilities Planning Council) and in the pre­vention of cancer (as chairman of the can­cer education committee of the CaliforniaMedical Association and as a member ofthe board of directors of the California di­vision of the American Cancer Society).17Donald F. Steiner, '56, associate professorof biochemistry, reported on his discoveryof a precursor of insulin, which he hasnamed proinsulin, at the annual meetingof the Federation of American Societiesfor Experimental Biology.Frank Stuart, assistant professor of surgery,has been named chairman of the Com­mittee on Dialysis and Transplantation forthe Illinois Kidney Foundation.Joseph R. Swartwout, associate professorof obstetrics and gynecology, was electedchairman of the Family -Planning Coordi-. nating Council of Metropolitan Chicago.He also was named director of the Univer­sity's Family Planning Service.Lewis T. Warren, resident in anesthesiol­ogy, has won a $1,000 Mead Johnsonscholarship for graduate training inanesthesiology.George L. Wied, professor of obstetricsand gynecology, has been appointed theBlum-Riese Professor in Obstetrics andGynecology, second of the two endowedchairs in the Division of the Biological Sci­ences recently established under the willof the late alumnus, William J. Blum.Robert W. Wissler, '49, stepped down fromthe presidency of the American Associa­tion of the Chairmen of Medical SchoolDepartments of Pathology, an associationhe helped found, to become president ofthe American Association of Pathologistsand Bacteriologists, oldest of the pathol­ogy societies in the USA. During Augustand September he participated in theFourth Asian-Pacific Congress of Cardiol­ogy and the organizational meeting of theInternational Scientific Council on Arterio­sclerosis and Ischemic Heart Disease, bothheld in Tel Aviv. He also attended the In­ternational Pathology Congress and theThird International Symposium on DrugsAffecting Lipid Metabolism in Milan, Italy.Frederick P. Zuspan, Joseph Bolivar De Leeprofessor and chairman of the departmentof obstetrics and gynecology, was electedto Fellowship in the American Gynecologi­cal Society. News of Former Faculty,Interns and ResidentsWilliam E. Adams, James Nelson and AnnaLouise Raymond professor emeritus of sur­gery, as president of the American Collegeof Chest Physicians, presided at the 34thAnnual Meeting of the organization in SanFrancisco in June.Bartolo M. Barone ('59) is completing twoyears of active duty in the U. S. Navy aschief of neurosurgery, USNH, Charleston,South Carolina.Sheldon Baum ('55-'56) has been ap­pointed assistant professor of radiology,Division of Nuclear Medicine, New YorkMedical College.Barry M. Beller ('60-'64) has left AlbertEinstein College of Medicine and beennamed associate professor of physiologyand internal medicine and head of the sec­tion of cardiovascular disease at the newUniversity of Texas Medical School at SanAntonio.Peter Dawson ('65-'66) is taking a pediatricsresidency at the University of North Caro­lina.Lester R. Dragstedt /I ('61) has been ap­pointed a clinical associate professor in thedepartment of surgery of the University ofIowa. He writes that he and his wife havefive children.Edgar Draper ('59-'68) has become profes­sor and director of residency training inthe University of Michigan Department ofPsychiatry.Willard A. Fry ('59-'65) surgeon of Evanston,Illinois, was received into the AmericanCollege of Chest Physicians at the JuneMeeting in San Francisco.Marvin N. Goldstein ('64-'65) completedhis residency in neurology at the Universityof Rochester Medical Center and is nowfulfilling his military obligation at theNational Naval Medical Center, Bethesda,Maryland.Martin S. Hirsch ('64-'66) is now in London,England at the Clinical Research CentreLaboratories, National Institute for Medi­cal Research.Paul C. Hodges, professor emeritus of radi­ology and a past chairman of the depart­ment (1928-1958), announced his marriageto Janet Reid Kellogg at "Hooker Point,"Palmetto, Florida on June 14. W. Alan Jennings ('55-'56) since January,1967, has been chief of the Dosimetry Sec­tion of the Division of Radiation Science atthe National Physical Laboratory in lon­don, England. Collaboration with theStandards Laboratories in other countrieshas taken him to Washington, D.C.,Ottawa, and the International AtomicEnergy in Vienna. He also has been ap­pointed secretary of the British Commit­tee on Radiation Units and Measurementsand serves on other international commis­sions.Ralph C. Marcove ('54-'55) clinical assist­ant professor in orthopedic surgery atCornell Medical School, was awarded firstprize in scientific research for his exhibit,"Cyrosurgery in Treatment of Primary BoneTumors and Metastatic Carcinoma toBone," at the 1968 convention of the Medi­cal Society of the State of New York.Toshihiko Matsusaka ('67-'68) has returnedto Japan to the Ophthalmologic Clinic,The Center for Adult Diseases in Osaka.Mark N. Mueller ('59-'64) since August,1967 has been at the University of Wiscon­sin as assistant professor in the departmentof medicine. His main assignment was toestablish a Rheumatology Section. He alsohas an active clinic, consulting service andteaching schedule.R. Wayne Neal, assistant professor of med­icine, left the University after ten years tobecome chief of cardia-vascular diseasesat St. John's Hospital, Tulsa, Oklahoma,where he also will be on the faculty of theUniversity of Oklahoma College of Medi­cine.Robert G. Page, associate dean of the Divi­sion of the Biological Sciences, left theUniversity after 15 years to become Deanof the new Medical College of Ohio atToledo. The school will admit its first classin 1969.Lucio M. Pol/ice ('56-'57) a Fellow in BenMay Lab, is with the Istituto di AnatomiaPatologica, Universita di Bari, Bari, Italy.Robert G. Priest ('66-'67) has left Edinburghand is senior lecturer in psychiatry at St.George's Hospital Medical School, London,England.18Bernard A. Rappaport ('62-'64) is in privateoractice in adult and child psychiatry inWichita Falls, Texas and also clinical direc­tor of Wichita Falls State Hospital.Stewart M. Scham ('60-'61) completed hisorthopedic residency at the University ofWashington School of Medicine in Seattle.After a summer working vacation in theOrthopedic Clinic at Malmo, Sweden, hereturned to the full-time orthopedic facultyat the U. of Washington.Tadashi Takeuchi ('63) is in Tokyo, Japan,in the department of pathology at NihonUniversity School of Medicine. Dr. Take­uchi was a visiting professor in pathologywhen he was at the University of Chicago.DeathsFormer Interns, Residents and FacultyAnthony G. Benages (Resident, Radiology56-'59), Indianapolis, Ind.,April 19, 1968, age 50.Vernon A. Coverstone (Resident,Obstetrics, Gynecology, '46-'47) GrantsPass, Ore., Oct. 8, 1967, age 59.Herbert P. Friedman, Jr. (Resident, Lying-inHosp., '48-'51) La Mirada, Calif.,Nov. 14, 1967, age 48.Eugene G. Free (Resident '41-'44) CapeCoral, Fla., March 15, 1968, age 68.Wm. Buster McGee (Resident '30-'33),San Diego, Calif., 1967, age 66.Percy B. Russell, Jr. (Resident '32),Memphis, Tenn., 1967, age 68.Marguerite Schwyzer (Resident '43-'44),St. Paul, Minn., April 24, 1968, age 59.Franklin Chambers McLean, 80, Rush '10,Professor Emeritus in the Department ofPhysiology at The University of Chicago,died at 2:30 a.m., Tuesday, September 10,in The University of Chicago Hospitals andClinics. Dr. Mclean organized The University ofChicago Clinics and served from 1927 to1932 as the first Director.I n recent years, he had been active in re­cruiting talented Negroes for medical ca­reers. He was an organizer and officer ofNational Medical Fellowships, Inc., whichhas provided financial assistance to nearly600 Negro medical students since itsfounding in 1946.Last February, on Dr. Mclean's 80th birth­day, National Medical Fellowships, Inc.,announced the establishment of the Dr.Franklin Chambers Mclean special fundfor Negroes in medicine. Contributors tothe fu nd, wh ich now totals more than$20,000, include members of the board ofNational Medical Fellowships, privatefoundations, friends of Dr. Mclean, andmany Negro physicians who received NMFassistance.Born in Maroa, Illinois, Dr. Mclean re­ceived a B.S. degree from The Universityof Chicago in 1907 and an M.D. degreefrom Rush Medical College in 1910. Heearned an M.S. degree in pharmacology in1912 and a Ph.D. degree in physiology in1915, both at The University of Chicago.After serving his internship at Cook CountyHospital, Dr. Mclean taught pharmacologyat the University of Oregon, then studiedfor a year at the universities of Graz andVienna. In 1914, he joined the staff of theRockefeller Institute for Medical Researchin New York City. He was there until 1916when he became involved with the plan­ning, building and early operation of thePeking Union Medical College, Peking,China.This task occupied his time until 1923when he returned to The University of Chi­cago as Professor of Medicine and took anactive role in the building of the Univer­sity's hospitals and clinics system.In 1933, Dr. Mclean resigned from clinicaland administrative work to become Pro­fessor of Pathological Physiology. His workin this area led to his selection as the firstDirector of the Toxicity Laboratory, oper­ated by the Department of Pharmacologyduring World War II. During the war, Dr.Mclean held the rank of colonel in thechemical warfare service. During the immediate postwar period, heworked with several Atomic Energy Com­mission projects, including the Committeeon Biology and Medicine of Argonne Na­tional Laboratory. He was an observer ofthe atomic bomb tests at Eniwetok in 1948.He became Professor Emeritus of Physiol­ogy in 1953, but continued his avid interestand research activity in calcium metabo­lism and bone chemistry.In 1957, Dr. Mclean was awarded an hon­orary M.D. degree from the University ofLund, Sweden. The degree was one of rela­tively few awarded to foreigners by theSwedish university.Dr. Mclean and Dr. Marshall R. Urist co­authored the text, Bone: An Introductionto the Physiology of Skeletal Tissue, pub­lished in 1955 by The University of ChicagoPress.He was an emeritus trustee of Fisk Univer­sity, Nashville, Tennessee, which he servedfrom 1951 to 1955 as chairman of the boardof trustees.He held membership in the Association ofAmerican Physicians, the Harvey Society ofNew York, the Institute of Medicine of Chi­cago, Chicago Society of Internal Medi­cine, American Medical Association,American Society of Biological Chemists,American Physiological Society, AmericanSociety for Pharmacology and Experimen­tal Therapeutics, Society for Clinical Inves­tigation, American Association for theAdvancement of Science, Society of Exper­imental Biology and Medicine, RadiationResearch Society, and Orthopaedic Re­search Society. He was an honorary mem­ber of the American Academy of Ortho­paedic Surgeons.Dr. Mclean is survived by his widow, theformer Helen Vincent of Sandusky, Ohio.The couple's only son, Franklin VincentMclean died in 1948.19Faculty NewsAnthony P. Amarose and James L. Burks,both assistant professors in the departmentof obstetrics and gynecology, have estab­lished a Reproductive Counselling Unit asa pilot study within the department andfor development as a teaching unit withinterdisciplinary potential. It is currentlylimited to patients who evidence malde­velopment of the reproductive system andwhose histories indicate a need for com­prehensive genetic and cytogenetic studies.William R. Barclay, professor of medicine,was among five American heart specialists'on a three-week goodwill mission to thePhilippines, Thailand, and Indonesia. Spon-sored by the American College of Cardi­ology and the U.S. Department of State,the group presented the latest methods intreating heart and pulmonary disease tophysicians in those countries.George E. Block, professor of surgery, waselected president of the Illinois SurgicalSociety and vice-president of the ChicagoSurgical Society.James L. Burks, assistant professor, andMichael McKeown, instructor, both in thedepartment of obstetrics and gynecology,have been awarded a grant by the NationalInstitute of Health to support an electronicdata-processing system for maternity careat Lying-in Hospital to determine whethermaternity care and pregnancy outcome canbe improved by modern data-processingtechniques.William Burrows, professor in the depart­ment of microbiology, was invited to speakat the Eighth International Congress onTropical Medicine and Malaria in Teheranin September. .Frank W. Fitch, '53, professor of pathology,in June presented seminars at the Radio­biological Institute of the Organization forHealth Research, TNO Rijswijk, Nether­lands, the Institut de Biochemie, Univer­site de Lausanne, Switzerland, and theSecond International Conference on Ger­minal Centers of Lymphatic Tissue, Padua,Italy. Eugene Goldwasser, professor of biochem­istry, and Martin Gross, a graduate student,reported their findings of a new cellularcomponent that arises during the processof red blood cell formation at the 52ndannual meeting of the Federation of Ameri­can Societies for Experimental Biology inAtlantic City.Alexander Gottschalk, director of ArgonneCancer Research Hospital, was electedsecretary-treasurer of the Association ofUniversity Radiologists for 1968-69.Melvin L. Griem, associate professor of ra­diology, has been elected president of theAmerican Association for Cancer Researchfor 1968-69.Hans H. Hecht, professor and chairman ofthe department of medicine, was appointedBlum-Reise Professor .ot Medicine, one oftwo endowed chairs in the Division of theBiological Sciences" established under thewill of the late alumnus, William J. Blum.Charles B. Huggins, the William B. OgdenDistinguished Service Professor of Surgery,received a Doctor of Science degree fromYork University in Toronto in May andfrom the University of California at Berke­ley this summer.Leon O. Jacobson, '39, Dean of the Divi­sion of the Biological Sciences and ThePritzker School of Medicine and the JosephRegenstein Professor of Biological andMedical Sciences, was named a Masterof the American College of Physicians, thehighest honor the organization can be­stow. There are only 32 Masters in its totalmembership of 13,637 physicians.Edward J. Kollar, assistant professor ofanatomy and biology, received the Quan­trell Prize for excellence in teaching.Steven G. Kramer, senior assistant residentin surgery, received the William A. FisherAward from the Chicago OphthalmologicalSociety for the best paper presented dur­ing the year.Lawrence H. LanzI, associate professor ofradiology, became a Diplomate of theAmerican Board of Radiology. He returnedto the University in August after a leave ofabsence working for the InternationalAtomic Energy Agency in Vienna. Richard C. Lewontin, professor of biologyand associate dean of the Division of theBiological Sciences, was elected to mem­bership in the National Academy ofSciences.Peter V. Moulder, '45, professor of surgery,presented a paper on cardiovascular sur­gery at the recent meeting of the AmericanCollege of Chest Physicians in San Fran­cisco, as well as announced the CollegeFilm Awards during the Convocation cere­mony.Ralph F. Naunton, chief of otolaryngology,was a guest lecturer at Tulane University inNew Orleans. He has been elected tomembership in the American Academy ofOphthalmology and Otolaryngology andthe American Otological Society, Inc. Dr.Naunton also is serving as chairman of theProfessional Advisory Committee of theChicago Hearing Society.Frank W. Newell, professor and head ofthe department of ophthalmology, wasawarded the Lucien Howe Prize Medal ofthe Section on Ophthalmology of theAmerican Medical Association, at its an­nual meeting in San Francisco.John Van Prohaska, '33, professor of sur­gery, was appointed to the MembershipAdvisory Committee of the American Sur­gical Association.Henry Rappaport, professor of pathologyand director of surgical pathology, willparticipate in the fall in a symposium onAetiological Factors in Lymphomas and onHodgkin's Disease in London, and on theClassification and Nomenclature of Neo­plastic Diseases of the Hematopoietic.Sys­tem, World Health Organization, in Kiel,Germany.Robert R. Replogle, assistant professor ofsurgery was awarded the Silver Medal fromthe Illinois State Medical Society for theexhibit he presented at a recent meeting.Lester S. Skaggs, professor of radiology,became a Diplomate of the AmericanBoard of Radiology.Rush Alumni'96. T. F. Hill of Athens, Illinois, was a guestspeaker at the Medical Alumni Banquet inJune. Dr. Hill was in active practice untiljust a few years ago. His father, a physi­cian, came to Central Illinois prior to theCivil War. Dr. Hill and his four brothersall graduated from Rush. His son, grand­son, nephew and great nephew are allphysicians.'06. Claire Dutton Hopper lives in Cotton­wood, Arizona. Dr. Hopper, age 92, re­tired in 1941.'11. Rex R. Frizzell is now in San Marino,California and Curtis Eugene Mason, nowlives in Beaverton, Oregon.Roscoe Golden Van Nuys, Physician-Sur­geon and radiologist living in WalnutCreek, Calif., is retired in name only. Hehas just written Yesterday, Today and To­morrow Give of Yourself, published byVantage Press, Inc., which describes it asa "book which not only looks back, witha wealth of richly descriptive anecdotes, onwhat has passed, but looks forward, withdynamic constructivism, toward the fu­ture, in the realm of progressive thought."'13: Oscar E. Nadeau of Fort Lauderdale,Florida writes that since his retirement in1963 he has been raising black Angus cattleon a 200 acre farm in the Everglades andworking from 6:00 A.M. to 4:00 P.M. dailyusing a tractor.'15. Frederick N. Berken of Aberdeen,Washington wrote that he celebrated his50th wedding anniversary this year and al­though 80 years old, is still practicing medi­cine, slowly.Lester R. Dragstedt has received severalawards this year including the Royal Orderof the North Star from the King of Swedenfor "outstanding contributions to surgery."In May he gave the first Quigley MemorialLecture at the University of Tennessee (Dr.Quigley, Ph.D. from The University of Chi­cago, was professor of physiology at theUniversity of Tennessee.) In June he re­ceived the first Distinguished AlumniAward of the Alumni Association of RushMedical College for "contributions to andinfluence on American medicine." Homer M. Carter of Madison, Wisc. wrotethat in December, 1965, he retired after 50years of active practice in obstetrics andpediatrics. A Founding Fellow and LifeMember of the American College of Ob­stetricians and Gynecologists, he is well,still very active, and plays a little golf.'16. Martha Jane Gifford, Fairport, NewYork, lives at the Fairport Baptist Home.'17. Marie Ortmayer was "lecturer'" in theDepartment of medicine, University ofColorado Medical School in Denver from1956-1963, after which she retired to Car­mel, California. In June she attended theUniversity of Chicago Alumni Luncheon inSan Francisco at which time she was pre­sented a past-president's gavel from theGastroenterology Society.'20. John S. Lundy, Seattle, in May receivedthe Gold Medal of the Canadian Anaes­thetists' Society for "distinguished serviceto the Specialty of Anaesthesia." During the25 years the organization has been in ex­istence only eight medals have beenawarded. Dr. Lundy is the first Americanto be honored.'22. M. Edward Davis, Joseph Bolivar DeLee Professor Emeritus and past chair­man of the Department of Obstetrics andGynecology, has been appointed consult­ant and special assistant to the medicaldirector of the American College of Obste­tricians and Gynecologists.'27. E. L. Benjamin, a pathologist, is now re­tired in Santa Barbara, California.'29. Paul A. Campbell, Colonel, USAF (re­tired) of San Antonio, Texas, former Com­mander of the USAF School of AerospaceMedicine, was awarded the Melbourne W.Boynton Award at the Annual Honor'sNight Banquet of the American Astronauti­cal Society in May for "pioneering studiesin aviation and space medicine as well asspace rescue." Dr. Campbell was one ofthe first four interns chosen to open Bill­ings Hospital. He was associated with Dr.Boynton in the early years of the Hospitaland later during World War II when theyboth were in aeromedical research for theAir Corps. Presently Dr. Campbell is chair­man of the Space Rescue Study Committeeof the International Academy of Astro­nautics. '30. Catherine L. Dobson of Chicago re­cently was in Kabul, Afghanistan workingfor Medico.'31. Anthony Bay has been in general prac­tice in Chicago since 1932.'31. Jack P. Cowen of Chicago was ap­pointed by Gov. Otto Kerner to the IllinoisCommittee for the reception of Distin­guished Foreign Guests under the auspicesof the Protocol Division of the Dept. ofState. During the year he has lectured be­fore the Eye Department of the HebrewHadassah University of Jerusalem and atthe Ophthalmic Hospital of the KnightsTemplar of St. John of Jerusalem, foundedby Charlemagne.'32. Zaven M. Seron has relocated his prac­tice from Santa Paula, California to Fresno.'35. Robert B. Lewy of Chicago reports thathe lectured last year at Oxford, Lund andBasal Universities and elsewhere in Europeon "Vocal Cord and Voice Rehabilitation."He continues in private practice, teachingat the University of Illinois Medical Schooland the Veterans' Administration, and do­ing clinical research.Joseph Perlson writes that he just com­pleted his 26th year as chief of the depart­ment of neurology and psychiatry at theSan Bernardino County General Hospitalin California. In the summer Vantage Presspublished his book, The Dog-An Histori­cal, Psycho-Biological and PersonalityStudy.'38. Stephen Mamick continues his practicein the State of West Virginia in the south­ern coalfields where he is on the staff ofStevens Clinic Hospital in Welch.'38. Lewis L. Robbins is completing his 10thyear as medical director of Hillside Hospital,Glen Oaks, New York, a psychiatric teach­ing, research and treatment hospital. Inaddition the hospital has professional re­sponsibility for the psychiatric service atQueens Hospital Center, a 1000 bed cityhospital. He is a member of the ExecutiveCouncil of the American Psychiatric Asso­ciation and a clinical professor of psy­chiatry at State University of New York,Downstate Medical Center, and a super­vising psychoanalyst at Columbia Univer­sity Psychoanalytic Clinic for Training andResearch.21News of Alumni'29. Sylvia H. Bensley, Toronto, Ontario,Canada, has returned to private life after40 years of teaching and research inanatomy.'31. A. Ross Mcintyre is currently researchand toxicology professor, University ofNebraska College of Medicine, after 33years there as chairman of physiology andpharmacology. His latest papers will bein "Perspectives" and Journal of ClinicalPharmacology. In the last five years he hastravelled to meetings of the PharmacologySociety and the Federation in the SovietUnion, Czechoslovakia, and Japan.'36. Willard G. De Young, has been ap­pointed director, Medical Education andCoordinator of Professional Services at theIllinois Central Hospital in Chicago.'37. Andrew J. Brislen, co-chairman of thedepartment of medicine at WoodlawnHospital, Chicago, was installed as Secre­tary of the Chicago Medical Society.'42. Robert H. Ebert received the AlumniMedal at the University's 28th annualAlumni Association Awards Assembly heldon campus in june. Earlier that week hehad been the featured speaker at the Medi­cal Alumni Banquet.'43. Robert M. McCormack, professor andchairman of the division of plastic surgery,University of Rochester Medical Center,New York, has recently been elected chair­man of the American Board of PlasticSurgery and president of the AmericanAssociation of Plastic Surgeons.Arthur M. Gray, in general practice in SanAntonio, Texas since 1949, was recentlyappointed chief of staff at St. Benedict'sHospital.Duncan A. Holaday, professor of surgery(anesthesiology) left the University afternine years to become professor of anesthe­siology at the University of Miami Schoolof Medicine in Florida.'44. Robert W. [emplis, chairman, Execu­tive Board of the Palo Alto Medical Clinicin California, received an Alumni Citationat the University's Alumni AssociationAwards Assembly held on campus in june.Dr. jamplis was cited for service to com­munity health services and medical educa­tion. '47. Hal T. Hurn has been on the faculty ofthe Chicago Institute for Psychoanalysissince shortly after completing his trainingthere in 1960. This year he was appointedTraining Analyst.Edyth H. Schoenrich has been director,Bureau of Chronic Diseases, MarylandState Department of Health since October,1966. Included among her activities areoperation of three Chronic Disease andRehabilitation Hospitals and two Tuber­culosis Hospitals as well as preventive serv­ices and early disease detection programs.'47. Thomas T. Tourlentes is president-electof the Illinois Psychiatric Society and act­ing division director of ComprehensiveServices of the Illinois Department ofMental Health. In addition he is superin­tending at Galesburg State Research Hos­pital and directing the Peoria Zone., 48. Richard K. Blaisdell as a member of asix-man physician team from Hawaii par­ticipated in a Medical Interchange Programin Koror, Palau of the Trust Territory ofthe Pacific (Micronesia). The new Univer­sity of Hawaii School of Medicine is assum­ing responsibility for postgraduate medicaleducation for the medical officers thereas well as in American Samoa. Recent visi­tors to Hawaii have been Dr. Hans H.Hecht, chairman of the University of Chi­cago's Department of Medicine, who par­ticipated in a clinical session; Eugene VanScott '48, speaker at the Hawaii MedicalAssociation Scientific Session; Gary D.Friedman '59, who was exploring epide­miologic studies of cardiovascular dis­orders in Hawaii; and joan Lang '68, whowas being oriented in the University ofHawaii School of Public Health for herwork in international health in India.Winslow G. Fox, in general practice in AnnArbor, Michigan, is secretary-treasurer ofthe Washtenaw County Academy of Gen­eral Practice, as well as chairman for Medi­cine & Religion in both Washtenaw Countyand Michigan State Medical Societies. Heand his wife, Elizabeth Ferwerda Fox, Ph.B.'48, are" parents of four daughters.'50. Bernard Barash is on the faculty of thePittsburgh Psychoanalytic Institute and amember of the American PsychoanalyticAssociation. He writes that University ofChicago medical graduates comprise an im­portant segment of the psychiatric andpsychoanalytic teaching community inPittsburgh. Mortimer D. Gross was recently made aFellow of the American Psychiatric Asso­ciation. Last year he became Dean of ForestHospital Educational Foundation in DesPlaines, Illinois.'51. Robert s. Mendelsohn, Evanston, Illi­nois, recently left private practice to be­come Director, Medical Consultation Serv­ice, Project Head Start, of the AmericanAcademy of Pediatrics.'52. Alvan R. Feinstein is currently associateprofessor of medicine and epidemiologyat the Yale University School of Medi­cine, and chief of the Eastern ResearchSupport Center for the Veterans Adminis­tration Hospitals. His book, Clinical Judg­ment, was recently published by theWilliams & Wilkins Co.Donald J. Glotzer has been appointed as­sociate director of the Outpatient Depart­ment and Emergency Unit at Beth IsraelHospital, Boston, Mass., and clinical asso­ciate at Harvard Medical School.Harry L. Williams, Emory University Schoolof Medicine, writes that as of Septemberhe and his family will be spending a sab­batical year at the University of Vienna,working with Dr. Christof Stumpf at thePharmakologisches Institut. He would wel­come visits from classmates"'53. Richard 5. Homer, is dermatology con­sultant at Veterans Administration Hospital,San Fernando, Calif., attending physician atChildren's Hospital of Los Angeles, andclinical instructor at the University ofSouthern Calif. School of Medicine. Hiswife, Diana Chaplin Homer, M.A. '54, isMental Health Consultant, Project" HeadStart.'54. Peter D. King, associate clinical profes­sor of psychiatry at the University of South­ern California School of Medicine, wasrecently elected to the Council of theSouthern California Psychiatric Society andappointed associate instructor in theSouthern California Psychoanalytic Insti­tute.Robert Zelis has moved from Bethesda,Maryland to Davis, California where he ischief of the Clinical Cardiovascular Physi­ology Laboratories and assistant professorof medicine and physiology of the newMedical School of the University of Cali­fornia at Davis.2256. Donald L. Fink, associate professor ofpediatrics and ambulatory and communitymedicine at the University of CaliforniaSchool of Medicine in San Francisco, hasreceived the students' award for the bestteacher in the senior year in both 1967 and1968.Harold Boverman, has become director ofthe Division of Child Psychiatry, Uni­versity of Oregon School of Medicine inPortland.57. Myron Karon is associate professor ofpediatrics, University of Southern Califor­nia Medical School and director of Experi­mental Chemotherapy at Children'sHospital of los Angeles.'57. James S. Magidson writes he is now inprivate practice of hematology and pathol­ogyon long Island, New York.'58. Gerald P. Herman of Mentor, Ohio, ispresident-elect of the lake County Medi­cal Society in Ohio, where he is practicingurology. He is on the staffs of lake CountyMemorial Hospitals in Painesville and Wil­loughby, Euclid General Hospital in Euclid,and Booth Memorial Hospital in Cleveland.Yvonne Hillier Russell was appointed clin­ical associate professor, Women's MedicalCollege of Pennsylvania. She continues asdirector of Maternal, Child and CrippledChildren's Services for the Delaware StateBoard of Health. In addition she has twochildren, a boy age 7 and a girl age 5.Sanford Schreiber is assistant clinical pro­fessor of psychiatry at Yale University Med­ical School and doing analytic training atthe Western New England Institute for Psy­choanalysis. He writes that he and his wifeare parents of a 16 month old daughter.Frederic Solomon is beginning his 4th yearas assistant professor of neurology andpsychiatry at Howard University Collegeof Medicine, Washington, D.C., where heis in charge of the teaching program inchild psychiatry. He also is a consultant onminority group children to the joint Com­mission on Mental Health of Children andhas been a guest lecturer at The john F.Kennedy School of Government at HarvardUniversity. He and his wife, Dorothy KentSolomon, A.B. '60, have two sons.Franklin J. Star of Columbus, Georgia, willbe inducted as a Fellow into the AmericanCollege of Surgeons in October. Sidney K. Wolfson, Jr. has been appointeddirector of the Beatrice F. and Melville N.Rothschild Laboratory of Surgical Researchat Michael Reese Hospital and MedicalCenter in Chicago. Prior to this he servedten years at the University of PennsylvaniaSchool of Medicine as assistant professorof surgical research.'60. William Corwin Allen has been ap­pointed an assistant professor of orthopedicsurgery at the Shands Teaching Hospital,University of Florida, Gainesville, wih ajoint appointment in the School of Mech­anical Engineering.'61. David D. Beal has been appointed chiefof otolaryngology at the Indian Health Ser­vice in Anchorage, Alaska.Linda P. Woodbury was elected presidentof the Memphis Dermatological Society.Her husband, George R. Woodbury, formerinstuctor of ophthalmology, '60-'65, is ful­filling his military obligation as lieutenantcommander at the u.S. Naval Hospital,Millington, Tenn. where he is chief of thesection of Ophthalmology.'62. Mark A. Goldberg completed two yearsin the Army and has accepted an appoint­ment as assistant professor of neurology atColumbia University College ·of Physiciansand Surgeons and assistant attending neu­rologist at the New York NeurologicalInstitute.Kenneth L. Kaplan, after finishing a resi­dency in general psychiatry and a fellow­ship in child psychiatry at the University ofCincinnati, is fulfilling his military obliga­tion by serving as assistant chief of theMental Health Service at the u.s. PublicHealth Service Outpatient Clinic in Wash­ington, D.C. He also is on the staff ofChildren's Hospital and serves as psychiat­ric consultant to the U.S. Internal RevenueService.'63. Harold N. Bass is completing his mili­tary service as chief of pediatrics at NortonAir Force Base, San Bernardino, California,this summer and then will affiliate with thedept. of pediatrics at the Kaiser-PermanenteMedical Center in Panorama City, Califor­nia. He writes that he has published threescientific papers on work he did at NortonAFB and is working on a fourth one.George F. Borge is currently working asclinical and research associate in psychia­try, Adult Psychiatric Branch, NationalInstitute of Mental Health in Bethesda,Maryland. Mark Silverman, following a two year AirForce obligation at Travis Air Force Base inCalifornia, finished a fellowship in cardi­ology at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia,and has been appointed to the Emory fac­ulty as instructor in medicine.Joseph G. White is presently a fellow inurology at Brady Institute, johns Hopkins,Baltimore, Maryland.'64. Joseph M. Garfield has completed athree year residency in anesthesia at hePeter Bent Brigham Hospital. His secondyear was spent at Harvard Medical School,dept. of pharmacology. He is now fulfillinghis military obligation, assigned to the Sur­gical Research Unit, Brooks, Army MedicalCenter, San Antonio, Texas.'65. Robert G. Hillman has finished his mili­tary obligation as Lt. Commander at thePublic Health Service Hospital, Shiprock,New Mexico, and is taking a psychiatryresidency at Stanford University.Alumni Luncheon:Fifty-nine alumni and wives who attendedthe American Medical Association meetingin San Francisco in june gathered at theMark Hopkins Hotel for an alumni lunch­eon.Robert W. Jamplis, '44, as chairman ofthe occasion, introduced the honoredguests who included University PresidentGeorge W. Beadle, Dean Jacobson, '39,former Alumni Association Presidents AlfT. Haerem, '37, John Van Prohaska, '33,William B. Steen, '31, and Lester Dragstedt,'21. A contingent was present from Stan­ford and the University of California Medi­cal Centers.Calendar of EventsSurgical Alumni Dinner (AmericanCollege of Surgeons only)Atlantic City-Holiday InnWednesday, October 16Lindsay Alumni Assoc. Dinner (AAOO)Chicago-Palmer HouseWednesday, October 30Radiology Alumni DinnerChicago-Center for Continuing EducationThursday, December 5Orthopedics Residents DinnerNew York City-January, 196923Deaths'90. John D. Utley, Seal Beach, Calif.,April 24, 1962, age 96.'93. Albert R. Beal, Graham, Texas,Dec. 12, 1956, age 89.'95. John C. Harding, Coral Gables, Fla.,May 16, 1962, age 89.Alfred W. Scobey, Atlanta, Georgia,April 4, 1963, age 95.'96. Frank G. Connell, Oshkosh, Wis.,May 29, 1968, age 93.Daniel J. Lynch, Chicago,June 26, 1965, age 95.Edward A. Miller, ChicagoJanuary 7, 1968, age 97.Frederick M. Rossiter, Paradise, Calif.,March, 1968, age 98.'97. Frank T. Hartman, Waterloo, Iowa,Feb. 5, 1964, age 94.'99. James H. Irwin, La Jolla, Calif.,Nov. 13, 1967, age91.'01. Chester H. Risley, Excelsior Springs,Mo., 1967, age 89.'03. A. S. Bowers, Tulsa, Okla.,March 17, 1968, age 90.John Darst, Auburn, Washington,Feb. 12, 1968, age 90.John D. Scouller, lr., Pontiac, lll.,May 4, 1968, age 93.'04. Ernest J. Butzke, Nashville, Tenn.,Dec. 30, 1966, age 89.'06. Charles H. Gowan, Glendale, Calif.,Oct. 15, 1962, age 83.'10. Erastus S. Edgerton, Wichita, Kansas,June 22, 1965, age 81.J. B. Moore, Benton, ilL,June 9, 1965, age 81.Martha A. Welpton, San Diego, Calif.,Aug. 13, 1967, age 82.''11. Cecil F. Charlton, Pasadena, Calif.,March 14, 1968, age 81.C. Alford Fjeldstad, Minneapolis, Minn.,Jan. 21, 1967, age 82.'12. C. D. Holmes, Coral Gables, Fla.,Feb. 4, 1968, age 88.'13. Henry J. Heusinkveld, Clinton, Iowa,1941, age 82.Gerald P. lawrence, Claremont, Calif.,Jan. 9, 1968, age 82.Frank F. Maple, Joliet, IlL,Aug. 7, 1965, age 79. Edwin P. Mclean, Brownsville, Texas,Feb. 18, 1968, age 78.'14. Arthur G. Beyer, Cincinnati, Ohio,Jan. 26, 1968, age 82.Devilla D. Edmonds, Leawood, Kansas,April 6, 1968, age 80.'15. Robert C. Cook, Denver, Colo.,April 14, 1968, age 81.Fred Z. Havens, Rochester, Minn.,June 29, 1965, age 75.Charles A. Thomson, Bronx, N. Y.,May 28,1968, age 89.'16. James R. Elliott, Pasadena, Calif.,March 14,1968, age 82.Roll o. Grigsby, Ashland, Wisc.,Nov. 27, 1967, age 76.John A. Saari, Portland, Ore.,Sept. 2, 1967, age 76.Charles K. Stulik, [r., Union Pier, Mich.,Feb. 1, 1968, age 79.'18. Henry L. Orlov, Skokie, III.,Jan. 20, 1967, age 73.'19. Elmer N. Ascherman, Highland Park,III., March 5, 1968, age 83.Dodo H. Ecke, Vandalia, lll.,1967, age 80.R. C. Thompson, Whittier, Calif.,Jan. 11, 1968, age 81.'20. Minard Allison, Washington, D.C.,Jan. 10, 1968, age 65.Marshall D. Hayes, Chicago,May 5, 1967, age 76.Durward R. jones, Chicago,Nov. 24, 1967, age 76.Irving Wills, Santa Barbara, Calif.,Sept. 5, 1967, age 73.'21. Harry D. Grossman, Chicago,April 21, 1968, age 70.lester R. Parson, Elbow lake, Minn.,Jan. 23, 1968, age 76.Edward W. St. Pierre, Portland, Ore.,Feb. 10, 1968, age 77.'23. William I. Fishbein, Chicago,May 22,1968, age 67.Harold L. Klawans, Chicago,April 28, 1968, age 67.Clifford D. Lambird, Sparks, Nev.,May 1968, age 75.'24. Robert L. Belt, Glendale, Calif.,Feb. 25, 1968, age 69.Willis j. Potts, Sarasota, Fla.,May 3,1968, age 73. '25. Lester E. Frankenthal, Ir., Chicago,Sept. 13,1967, age 67.'26. Lt. Col. Charles B. Evans, Layton, Utah,Oct. 31,1967, age 66.Gabriel E. Linden, Oak Park, IlL,April 14, 1968, age 81.'27. Jeannette Hork, Chicago,Nov. 16, 1967, age 66.'28. Harold C. Black, Des Moines, Iowa,1965, age 70.'29. Joseph N. Epstein, Philadelphia, Pa.,Jan. 24, 1967, age 64.Glenn B. Patrick, Fort Myers, Fla.,April 16, 1968, age 74.'30. Reginald H. Smart, Los Angeles, Calif.,Feb. 7, 1968, age 65.'31. William R. Hewitt, Tucson, Ariz.,Nov. 5, 1967, age 66.Dean W. Hodges, Denver, Colo.,jan. 27, 1968, age 67.'32. Clyde A. Lawlah, Pine Bluff, Ark.,1968, age 65.Lester K. Leserman, Chicago,May 20,1966, age 60.William A. Niebuhr, La Crosse, Wise.,Sept. 28, 1963, age 69.Ross V. Parks, San Marino, Calif.,Feb. 21, 1963, age 58.'33. William H. Allman, Clarksburg, W. Va.,May 10, 1968, age 74.'34. Edwin G. Trytten, Long Beach, Calif.,Nov. 19, 1967, age 66.'35. Garnett M. Frye, Peoria, ilL,May 27,1968, age 63.'37. Francis J. Abdo, Hollywood, Calif.,Nov. 2, 1967, age 57.'37. Alton G. Hughes, Costa Mesa, Calif.,jan. 31,1968, age 63.Adolph W. Kozelka, Two Rivers, Wise.,jan. 9, 1968, age 70.'39. Helen Hardenbergh, San jose, Calif.,March 12, 1968, age 61.Erwin O. Krausz, Chicago,March 25,1968, age 81.'43. Marne Cataldo, Chicago,1965, age 46.'46. Nels M. Strandjord,Chicago, 1968, age 48.'48. Hugo C. Moeller, San Francisco, Calif.,1968, age 45.'51. Mary E. Evans, Mission, Kansas,May 10, 1968, age 47.24Faculty CommentDr. Rene MenguyProfessor & Chairman of theDepartment of SurgeryHeart Transplantation: The Public's Right to Know*The wave of worldwide publicity surrounding the recenthuman heart transplantations has left the entire medicalprofession with a great sense of uneasiness.It is highly probable that the interest of the publ ic in theachievements of medicine will continue at an ever increas­ing level, and it may be appropriate for us to re-examinethe traditional attitudes that we have maintained in ourrelations with the lay publ ic.As members of a profession, we are linked by certain rulesof conduct. Very early in his career the fledgling physicianlearns that he who actively seeks the limelight or passivelyall�ws �imserf to be placed in a position of public notorietyrapidly Incurs the wrath and disapproval of his colleaguesand peers. The reason for the age-old desire of the medicalprofession to stay out of the public eye is perhaps morecomplex than it appears to be. It probably harks back tothe :arly days of medicine when, in the eyes of the laypublic, the physician served as an intermediary betweenmankind afflicted with disease and a benign deity.The shibboleths of our profession and our frequent reluc­tance to explain to our patients in simple terms the natureof their disease appear to stem from an unconscious desire�n our part to maintain a mysterious aura around the prac­tice of medicine. Moreover, there was a time when a sur­geon who had discovered a new operation to cut for thesto�e would guard his technique jealously so that patientsafflicted with the disease would have to come to him toseek his ministrations. Quite obviously this barrier betweenthe medical profession and the lay public has been crum­bling for many years. If an attitude of secrecy toward thepublic was perhaps understandable when medicine hadnot yet grown into a science and what little was knownwas probably not worth divulging anyway, the same atti­tude can no longer prevail today, when, for reasons thatmay .not be obvious to all of us, the public has acquiredthe right to be informed of our activities.Health .is no longer a luxury available to a privileged few,but a right that the public deserves and demands. At thisti.me in history the American public, groaning under a mas­srve tax burden, is supporting the health of its society to atune of one and a half billion dollars a year. With this sup­�ort American medicine has far outstripped any other civi­lized nation in the acquisition of medical knowledge. There*Footnote: Adapted from a statement in the New England Journal ofMedicine. February 15, 1968. Dr. Rene Menguyis no �Iace in our own society for taxation without repre­sentation, and for the simple reason that the Americanpublic has supported our efforts-support that werequested-it has acquired the right to be informed of ouractivities. Whether we like it or not the transplantation ofa human. heart, like a space launch at Cape Kennedy, nowbelongs In the public domain.To develop this point further, we must realize that an im­proved communication with the public would serve ourbest interests. Most of us fail to understand that legislationdesigned to support health and medical research does notcome about spontaneously, no matter how obvious itsneed appears to us; quite to the contrary, it is generatedonly when constituents apply pressure on the legislature.In this light, it is pitiful how little awareness the generalpublic hasof the magnificent accomplishments by the fed­eral Government through the National Institutes of Healthin supporting basic and applied medical research in thiscountry. It should be emphasized in the strongest possibleterms that this support can continue at its present levelonly if the public demands it.I n another vein, it is extremely useful for the Americanpeople to be made acutely aware of the great sophistica­tion of the technology involved in providing the kind ofcare that they have come to expect. During the past twoyears, the rapidly increasing costs of medical care and hos­pitalization have irritated and alarmed the public. Theinformation on the complexities of these and similar pro­cedures conveyed by the press may help to explain whymodern medicine is so expensive.I have watched the recent events with keen interest. It hasseemed to me that the publicity surrounding the trans­plants, both in Capetown and at Stanford, has, on thewhole, been handled with propriety. During his televisioninterviews in this country, Dr. Barnard conducted himselfwith dignity and maturity, and the press releases resultingfrom Dr. Shumway's operation at Stanford were a modelof good taste. We should all be proud of them.25Medicine on the MidwayDesign/Robert Lipman