·ppoaates his Oath. Testor Apollinem mcdicum et Acsculapiurn, Hygiet Panaceam, Aesculapii filias, et deos ac dcas omnquantum in me erit et quantum ingenium meum "haec omnia observaturum quae hoc iurciurando ate:tabellis continentur. tributurum me praeccptori meohane artem edoetus sum non minus quam parcntisum genitus; vitam cum eo communieaturum; resquas illi neeessarias esse intellegam pro viribus meministraturum; progeniem eius fratrum loco habihane artem sine mereede et sine paetionibus edoeOPKO:£ecepta omnia libere et fidel iter traditurum meis ee prae­toris mei liberis, ceterisque discipulis qui se Iegibusdicinae astrinxerint atque iurati fuerint, alii praetereaini. in curandis aegrotis pro viribus et pro ingenio meous necessariis usurum, nemini aegritudinem dilaturum, 15il per iniuriam faeturum. rogatum mortale venenumini daturum, neque id cuiquam consulturum. neque�gnanti mulieri ad internciendum conceptum fetumThe new president of the Alumni Associationchats with a past president and a memberof the Fiftieth Anniversary Class at theReunion banquet. EDWIN MILLER is in thecenter, JOHN VAN PROHASKA, '33 (presi­dent, '37-'38,'41-'44, and '50-'51), is on theleft, and WILL F. LYON, Rush '17, is on theright.OFFICERS OF MEDICAL ALUMNI 1967-68Edwin M. Miller, Rusk '13, waselected president of the Alumni Asso­ciation this year. Dr. Miller, emeritusclinical professor of surgery at the Uni­versity of Illinois, has long been an ac­tive member of the alumni organizationand was the recipient of a DistinguishedService Award at the Reunion in 1963.During his long career, Dr. Miller hasmade important contributions to his pro­fession in the fields of teaching, adminis­tration, clinical practice, and research.In 1915, after internships at CookCounty and Presbyterian Hospitals, hejoined the faculty of Rush Medical Col­lege. He continued his teaching careeron the faculty of Rush and at the Uni­versity of Illinois School of Medicine,from which he retired as clinical profes­sor of surgery in 1965. During his longassociation with Presbyterian Hospital,he served as vice-president of its medi­cal staff from 1947 to 1953 and as chair­man of its department of surgery from1949 to 1954. At present he is consultingsurgeon for Presbyterian-St. Luke's andCook County Hospitals. His numerouspublications, while primarily related topediatric surgery, have included articleson physiology, experimental surgery, in­juries to peripheral nerves, and variedclinical problems in general surgery.Dr. Miller saw overseas service in bothW orId Wars. During the first he was withthe medical corps in France and duringthe second served as chief of surgery atGeneral Hospital No. 13 in New Guinea.He has been an active member of themajor surgical societies and is a pasttreasurer, vice-president and presidentof the Chicago Surgical Society.2 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN As one of our Rush alumni and as thefather of a South Side alumnus-his sonDean is a 1956 graduate-Dr. Miller hasa special interest in the activities of ourorganization. We are pleased that so ac­tive and popular a member has acceptedthe presidency for the coming year.Richard L. Landau was elected toa second term as vice-president. He tookhis internship and residency training atthe Hospitals and, except for three years'war service with the Army MedicalCorps, has been on the staff since 1940.He is professor of medicine and directorof the Clinical Research Center.Edward S. Lyon, '53, associate pro­fessor of urology, will be secretary ofthe Association for the coming year. Dr.Lyon served both his internship andresidency at Billings.Eloise Parsons Baker, Rusk '25, amember of the clinical associate staff ofLying-in Hospital, was elected treasurer.Three members of the Alumni Asso­ciation were elected to three-year mem­berships on the Council. David J. Loch­man, '41, took two years of his resi­dency training here and served on thefaculty from 1949 until 1956. He is asso­ciate professor of radiology at the Uni­versity of Illinois. Andrew Thomson,clinical associate professor of medicineat the University of Illinois, took his in­ternship and residency training here andwas a member of the faculty from 1956until 1963. Otto H. Trippel, '46, alsotook internship and residency traininghere and served as an instructor in thedepartment of surgery until 1954. He isan associate professor of surgery atNorthwestern University Medical School.BUCHANANNOTES AND COMMENTIn order to make this issue of the Bul­letin as timely as possible, we have con­centrated on the graduation week activ­ities. Again this year the Seniors choseDouglas N. Buchanan to administerthe Hippocratic Oath at the banquet. Amontage of the Greek, Latin, and Eliza­bethan texts of the oath gave us ourcover design, while a picture of the class standing for the reading is found on theback cover. This page carries photo­graphs of Dr. Buchanan and Richard B.Richter, Rush '25, whose delightful ban­quet speech is presented on pp. 4-7.Pictures and biographical notes on thegraduating class begin on p. 8, and ab­stracts of the papers presented at theSenior Scientific Session begin on p. 13. The banquet itself, with pictures andstories on the awards presented, is cov­ered on pp. 16-21. News from membersof the Rush 1917 class who could not at­tend the banquet is presented on p. 22,and Dean Ceithaml's profile of the firstyear medical class completes this issueof the Bulletin.RICHTERMEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 3A SHORT HISTORY OF THE MEDICAL SCHOOL AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOBy RIC.HARD B. RICHTER, Rush, '25, at the Reunion Banquet, 1967There is a widespread impression thatthe medical school you are now leaving isa young school, indeed, almost new. Thebelief is quite erroneous, for there is anAncient History with which I propose todeal briefly before it becomes entirelyforgotten. If one goes back far enoughinto the foothills of time, he will find twosprings of origin for the school as it existstoday. One of those was the School ofBiology of the newly founded Universityof Chicago which, as you may have heard,is presently celebrating its 75th Anni­versary; the other was Rush MedicalCollege.The charter for Rush Medical Collegewas granted in 1837 and its doors openedin 1843. The founder was Dr. DanielBrainard, a graduate of Jefferson MedicalCollege, who named the school after theRevolutionary physician-patriot, Benja­min Rush. It was a frontier medicalschool as appears from a letter of a pio­neer Chicago lawyer. Judge Caton wrote,"Dr. Brainard rode up to my office on alittle Indian pony. He was dressed rathershabbily and said he was nearly out offunds, and asked my advice about com­mencing the practice of medicine in Chi­cago. I knew he was ambitious, studious,and a man of ability and I advised himto go to the Potawatomi Camp wherethe Indians were preparing to start for anew location west of the MississippiRiver and sell his pony, take a desk orrather a small table I had in my officeand put his shingle by the side of thedoor, promising to aid him in buildingup a business." Brainard became knownas an outstanding surgeon in the Westand was also as close to being "aca­demic" as was possible at that time.While practicing in Whitesboro, NewYork, before coming to Chicago, hespent much of his time teaching physiol­ogy in the Oneida Institute and latermade studies, notable for the day, onrattlesnake venom, the treatment ofwounds with iodine, and of ununitedfractures.Housed first in a shed attached toBrainard's house, the school then movedto a building on the north side of the citywhich burned to the ground in the GreatFire of 1871. When Rush rose from theashes, it was located on Chicago's WestSide, adjacent to the already famous" MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN Cook County Hospital. The curriculumconsisted of Anatomy with gross dissec­tion, Materia Medica, and a number ofclinical subjects all covered entirely bylectures. The requirements for obtainingan M.D. degree were three years of studywith a "respectable" physician and twocourses of lectures of 16 to 18 weekseach. It is amusing to note that thesecond course of lectures was simply arepetition of the first. In the 1860's Dr.N. S. Davis I, who later left the facultyof Rush Medical College to help founda new school which was to become theNorthwestern University Medical School,suggested to Brainard that the two-yearcurriculum of Rush become gradedrather than having the second year anexact duplicate of the first. Brainard re­fused on the ground that the schoolwould lose students because they wouldfind this too difficult. The school had nosource of support other than tuition fees,and competition was stiff from the other160-odd proprietary medical schools inthe country. Another sign of changingtimes which might interest you is thatthe tuition was $65 plus a $20 gradua­tion fee. On the other hand, there wereno scholarships or student loan funds.Between 1880 and 1920, Rush MedicalCollege reached its peak as the strongestmedical school in the West. For everyillustrious faculty name claimed by otherschools, Rush had half a dozen in everydepartment. In Surgery, there wereChristian Fenger, Nicholas Senn, ArthurDean Bevan, Dean Lewis and Dallas B.Phemister; in Medicine, Frank Billings,James B. Herrick, George Dick, ErnestIrons and Bertram W. Sippy; and inPathology, Ludwig Hektoen.So great was the prestige of the schoolthat in 1898 President Harper saw fit toeffect an affiliation between Rush and theUniversity of Chicago with the inaugura­tion in 1900 of a formal curriculum con­sisting of two years of pre-clinical workin the science departments of the Uni­versity and two years of clinical workat Rush, an arrangement lasting for fortyyears when it became necessary to severthe ties. At the same time, PresidentHarper regarded the affiliation as it stoodas a temporary expedient. Among hismany other plans was an urgent desireultimately to incorporate the clinical de­partments into the University proper, either by an organic union with Rush orin some other manner. These seeds werea long time in germinating, mainly be­cause of difficulty in finding funds. Notonly were there wars and other com­pelling reasons for University retrench­ment, but the hopes that had been placedupon adequate support from the Rocke­feller philanthropies were- disappointed.Although Mr. Frederick T. Gates, Mr.Rockefeller's advisor in such matters,was attracted to the idea, writing, "Thisconception has been one of the dreamsof my own mind, of a medical collegemagnificently endowed, devoted primar­ily to investigation and taking as stu­dents only the choicest spirits," in theend, the money failed to materialize andwas diverted instead to the establish­ment of the Rockefeller Institute in NewYork. Parenthetically, I might remarkthat I was not familiar with Mr. Gates'words at the time I served on DeanCeithaml's Admissions Committee; elseI might have hunted for choice spiritsinstead of wasting my time scratchingmerely for good students with agile andinquisitive minds, covered preferably bya crewcut. The men, that is.In 1916, Abraham Flexner gave im­petus to the design by recommendingthat the University build a new medicalschool on its campus, cheek by jowl withthe already flourishing and distinguishedmedical science departments. This wasthe same Father Abraham of Medicinewho unseated the proprietary schools infavor of university-centered medicalschools by his famous report of 1910. Itwas not until 1923, however, that it be­came possible to begin implementing theplans. Before any limestone cornerstoneswere laid, the basic philosophical corner­stone was set in place by a statement ofPresident Burton and his advisors whichsaid, in part, "... a University of Chi­cago Medical School should be foundedhaving for its chief aim the advancementof the medical sciences."On my desk lies a paperweight in theform of a medal struck in 1924. On it arethe words: "Frank Billings. Physician.Teacher. Humanitarian." Which is assatisfactory a curriculum vitae as any­one could ask. To it could be added:"Professor of Medicine, University ofChicago, 1905." To him alone belongsthe chief credit for bringing to realitythe medical school, standing and stillgrowing all about us today. Almostsingle-handed he raised the $5,000,000needed to make the start, which in­cluded $1,000,000 for the constructionof the Albert Merritt Billings Hospital.The latter sum had been left in the willof Dr. Billings' uncle, Mr. Albert Mer­ritt Billings, and the timetable mighthave been delayed still more had it notbeen for Dr. Billings' fallibility. Notlong after the hospital opened, Dr.James B. Herrick, the discoverer, so tospeak, of coronary thrombosis, came tothe hospital in consultation upon a pa­tient who had been stricken with thisgrave condition. Entering the lobby forthe first time and noticing the portraitof Mr. Billings which still hangs there,he turned to the patient's attendingphysician and asked, "Do you know whythe Billings Hospital came to be builtwhen it was?" The response being in thenegative, Dr. Herrick continued, "Be­cause Dr. Billings didn't know as muchabout coronary thrombosis as he mighthave." One night, it seems, the doctorhad been called to see his wealthy unclewho was in great distress, sitting up inbed, drenched with sweat, and clutchinghis painful chest. He was told by hisillustrious nephew to lie down so hecould be examined. "I can't lie down,Frank," protested the patient, "I'll dieif I do." "Nonsense," replied the greatphysician with authority, "of course youcan." Whereupon Mr. Billings lay downand promptly expired.It is probable that the name of theBillings Hospital has always been asso­ciated more with Dr. Billings than withhis uncle. I hope this is so, for the lastingmonuments erected in gratitude to himhave been erased with such incrediblerapidity one would think they had beenwritten in sand. The portion of themedical school housing the Departmentof Medicine had been named the FrankBillings Medical Clinic and this inscrip­tion was carved in high relief on itsGothic portal located at the west cornerof the building facing the court andmatching the surgical doorway on theeast through which you passed constant­ly in your junior year. When the so­called North Wing was attached to thewest end of Billings Hospital in 1961,this doorway with its inscription van­ished completely and forever. What ad­ministrative bulldozer removed the sameinscription from the letterhead of theDepartment of Medicine, where it stoodfor years, I do not know. At the dedication ceremony of theopening of Billings Hospital in 192 7 inwhich leaders of American medical sci­ence participated as speakers, the themeof the speeches was that of educationand science in medicine. As the stones ofthe hospital were being set into place,and even before, a faculty was beingassembled. The first clinical departmentsto be organized were, naturally, Medi­cine, with Dr. Franklin McLean as pro-. fessor and Dean Lewis as his oppositenumber in a Department of Surgery. Be­fore taking up his position, Dr. Lewis re­signed to accept an appointment at theJohns Hopkins, and Dr. Dallas Phemis­ter, his colleague at Rush Medical Col­lege, was chosen to replace him. Asthings turned out this proved to be mostfortunate for the nascent medical schoolat The University of Chicago. The thirdclinical department, Pathology, had al­ready been in existence for some yearsunder the chairmanship of Professor H.Gideon Wells, who was as well knownfor his sarcastic wit as for his erudition.In 1929, a Department of Obstetrics andGynecology was added to staff the Chi­cago Lying-in Hospital, newly built justacross Drexel Avenue from the Billings.The old Lying-in, as famous in thiscountry as Dublin's Rotunda, had beenfounded by the eminent Dr. Joseph B.De Lee who was appointed the first titu­lar head of the department. When in1930 a gift from Col. and Mrs. Robertsmade possible the erection of the BobsRoberts Memorial Hospital for children,a Department of Pediatrics was re­cruited. The hospital was attached to thesouthwest end of the Billings and waslinked with it. In the same year the lastof the original nucleus of hospitals, TheHome for Destitute Crippled Children,was built as an orthopedic hospital. Likethe Bobs Roberts, it connects directlywith the Billings. This quaint Victorianname for an old, well-endowed institu­tion which became incorporated into thenew medical school is now curiously out­dated, medically as well as sociologically.The Great Society, we are told, has doneaway with destitute children, and thechemotherapeutic control of septic osteo­myelitis and of bone tuberculosis, alongwith the immunological control of polio­myelitis, has brought down the numberof chronically crippled children almostto the vanishing point. As long as twentyyears ago, Dr. Hatcher, the then chief ofthe orthopedic section, was reduced toflying in Eskimo children from Alaska toprovide subjects for teaching the diagno- sis and treatment of tuberculosis of bone.Another war intervened, and it wasnot until 1947 that the building programcould be resumed with the constructionof the Nathan Goldblatt Memorial Hos­pital for Neoplastic Diseases. Ever since,the medical melody in these parts hasbeen played with an unbroken continuoof pile driver and air hammer. Therefollowed in rapid succession the ArgonneCancer Research Hospital (1953), theCharles Gilman Smith Hospital com­bined with the so-called West Wing(1954), the Goldblatt Pavilion bridgingBillings and Lying-in (1961), theChronic Disease Hospital (1961), andthe Armour Surgical Wing (1963). Thenew Wyler Childrens' Hospital, popu­larly known as the Dorfman-Hilton, hasnow been opened and the charmingcourtyard between Billings and AbbottHall has given way to the beginnings ofthe world's largest canine bomb shelter.This is not to mention the incessant re­modeling of the existing structures tomeet the changing needs of the depart­ments.When we speak of the component hos­pitals it must be remembered that eachof them contains space not only for pa­tients' beds, but also for outpatient careand diagnostic laboratories, as well asfacilities for ancillary paramedical per­sonnel-social workers, physiotherapists,psychologists, both clerical and lay; andwho knows what else. Within them,also, are lecture rooms and classrooms,student laboratories for teaching, manyoffices and special laboratories for theteaching and research activities of thestaff, together with a working medicallibrary for the use of both students andfaculty. Thus, the clinical departmentswere and are being provided with self­contained, fully integrated facilities topursue their stated aim of advancing themedical sciences. There has been no needfor affiliation with independent outsideinstitutions, with all the political uncer­tainties and lack of control that sucharrangements often entail. Limited affili­ations have been made from time to timein the interest of specific teaching op­portunities, but they have never beenallowed to interfere with the inde­pendence of the school.These, then, were originally the onlyclinical departments: Medicine, Surgery,Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology,and Pediatrics, and remained so formany years. The two largest depart­ments, Medicine and Surgery, were sub­divided into smaller specialized sections.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 5In Medicine, there were not only theconventional subspecialties of derma­tology and neurology, but also subsec­tions of cardiology, gastroenterology, in­fectious diseases, endocrinology, and soon. For a long time even psychiatry andradiology were under the umbrella ofMedicine; but ultimately they becametoo large for this and had to seek shelterin their own independent departments.The traditional surgical subspecialties,ophthalmology, orthopedics, otorhino­laryngology, neurosurgery, chest surgery,cardiac surgery and the like, were simi­larly embraced in a single department.Each subsection is more or less autono­mous administratively, and each has itssection chief. This was an innovation inthe structure of clinical departments andit is still adhered to more closely herethan in any other school. It is one of theimportant features giving this school itsspecial stamp. This system has greatmerits. It provides the in-depth advan­tages of specialization for teaching andresearch and also the integration of theseactivities within a broadly organized de­partment. Thanks to the wisdom andself-restraint of a series of departmentheads, it has worked. The individual sec­tions have been given great freedom todo research, and to teach as they see fit.The plan of administrative organiza­tion of the clinical departments withinthe framework of the University wasalso an innovation. Traditionally, in thiscountry, departments of Anatomy,Physiology, Pathology, Pharmacologyand later even Biochemistry, grew up assecondary adjuncts to clinical depart­ments in more or less autonomous medi­cal schools. At The University of Chi­cago the origin, growth and developmentof the departments of the basic medi­cal sciences, the so-called preclinical de­partments, had been radically different.They arose and flourished as independentuniversity science departments. As such,they had achieved great prestige for theirbasic research and as training centers forgraduate students. Their orientation wasscientific rather than medical in thenarrower sense. Nevertheless, they hada powerful impact upon those material­istic rowdies, the medical students, whoformed the bulk of their classes in their·pre-clinical years, prior to going to Rush.The faculty of these departments con­tained some real giants. There was gruff,blunt, pseudo-tough physiologist A. J.Carlson, fearless apostate from the min­istry whose only religion was naturaltruth and whose constantly reiterated6 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN "Vot iss de evidence?" became a by­word for generations of students whoadored him and nick-named him Ajax.His elective course, held at 7 in themorning, was always crowded. A rollcall was unnecessary, for the door of thelecture room was locked precisely at 7.The only student who ever knocked(once) upon that door with impunitywas a classmate of mine, and it was gen­erally thought that the explanation ofhis reprieve was not that he was a verygood student, which he was, or that hewas a Negro, which he also was, but thathe bore the imposing name of NumaPompilius Adams. Then there was Pro­fessor R. L. Bensley, master histologist,the father of modern histo-chemistryreally, who headed a most distinguisheddepartment of Anatomy, including on itsfaculty the neuro-anatomist, C. JudsonHerrick, and the embryologist, Bartel­mez. In the dissecting room was Dr.Charles Swift, who held in his prodigiousmemory all of the lore of gross anatomyfrom Vesalius on, and much else besides.There is a story that while he was stand­ing one day at the library counter, astudent came up asking for Volume 19of the Encyclopaedia Britannica. In­formed that the volume was in use, thepoor boy showed his dismay plainly, ashe needed the information at once. Ob­serving this, the tall Dr. Swift lookeddown upon the student and asked in hisusual helpful manner, "Just what was ityou wanted to know, young man?"I could mention many other figuresfrom this time and phase of the medicalschool; but I shall refrain. My purposein dwelling as long as I have upon thetopic is to make two points. The first isin the nature of a digression from mynarative to comment upon the com­plaint present-day medical students haveof being kept too long from the realthing, from the patients. To judge froma recent article in the AOA house organ,the Pharos, it is a ubiquitous gripeamong medical students. Now, I wouldremind you that in the period of whichI am speaking in this medical schoolthere was nothing faintly resembling apatient closer than the 10 miles or soseparating the campus from Rush. More­over, the pre-clinical departments, as itis proper to call them in this setting,were occupied with pure science andpaid little attention to its application tothe practice of medicine. In the coursein neuroanatomy, for example, we neversaw a human brain. The first 10 weekswere devoted to the dissection of the dogfish brain; in the final two weeks wewere thrown a sheep's brain for consola­tion. This may seem preposterous, if notdownright wicked, for the education ofa physician; yet in retrospect it is clearthat what we were given was the oppor­tunity to learn the basic structural planof the vertebrate nervous system. Whenthe need came to study the confusinglyelaborate structure of the human brain,the details could be matched to the dog­fish template and thus acquire somemeaning and logic.Although many of us were impatientto be done with the laboratories and lec­ture rooms and away to the wards on theWest Side, there was not the same res­tiveness there is today. Perhaps this wasbecause the dessert was out of sight inthe kitchen and not in plain view on thesideboard just across the room. The Artfor Art's sake attitude on the part of thepre-clinical departments did impose thelearning of a good deal more irrelevantdetail than it should have; yet I am surethat on balance it was good for us. I amconvinced that the exceptionally highquality of Rush Medical College in itsheyday was to be attributed as much tothe students who came to it, imbuedmore or less with the scientific view­point, as it was to the galaxy of superbclinicians who made up its faculty, justas is true of our school today.To get back to the history, the secondpoint to emerge from this p'cture of the.pre-clinical departments is that theywere far too strong to become merehandmaidens of the clinical departmentsin a medical school. Nor was it anyone'sdesire or intention that this should be so.Accordingly, the new clinical depart­ments were incorporated on an equal andidentical basis with the basic science de­partments within what ultimately evolvedas the Division of the Biological Sci­ences, where they remain to this day andwhere, hopefully, they will always re­main. The arrangement assures aca­demic, as well as geographic, integrationand interchange between all of the medi­cal sciences. This closely-knit medicalschool atmosphere has a very real, ifoften imperceptible, influence upon thestudent. Among other things it makes itpossible for him to enter upon and con­tinue to do scientific work during hisstudent days. It makes it feasible andinfinitely easier for him to put his feetupon the path to research and teachingin the field of medicine if he has boththe heart and the brains for it.To make the idea work right requiredone more ingredient which was suppliedat the beginning and is still one of theunique features of the school: namely,an academic faculty, which can onlymean a completely full-time faculty,relieved of the relentless distractions anddemands of private practice and free todevote their full energies to teaching orresearch, or both. Of all of the innova­tions introduced into the new school, thiswas perhaps the most radical. To be sure,there were a few approximations to thescheme in other places, notably at theJohns Hopkins, where the departmentheads and a few associates only werefull-time. The idea has since been wide­ly advocated and copied, but copied onlyup to a point, usually in the form of so­called "geographic" full time, with theprincipal clinical faculty based in themedical school on partial salaries, sup­plemented by private practice privileges.The University of Chicago remains theonly medical school in which the entireclinical faculty from instructor to pro­fessor is on a completely full-time ap­pointment.Doubts were expressed early that first­rate clinicians could be attracted or de­veloped in such a system; whether therewould not be a flagging of interest, if notactual indifference, to the quality ofmedical care for the patients. Force ofcircumstance, if nothing else, soon dis­pelled the doubts. The most difficultoperational problem confronting theplanners of the school was the possiblesource of funds to defray the enormouscosts of patient care. No charity hos­pitals were available and no foundation·W.J.s willing to underwrite so huge anobligation. In the end it was decided toexperiment boldly; to challenge the myththat only charity patients could be usedfor teaching and research and to set upthe clinics as a large private group-prac­tice with all the professional fees goingto the institution instead of to the phy­sicians. There was skepticism at firstabout the workability of this plan, too.It was objected that private patientswho paid full fees would never consentto being used as subjects for teachingand research. Actually, this strange hy­brid of the Johns Hopkins system andthe Mayo Clinic proved to be successfulbeyond anyone's expectations. Over theyears patients have registered in ever­increasing numbers with the explicit un­derstanding that teaching interest ratherthan ability to pay is the primary crite­rion for their acceptance. Although afew of them make wry jokes about being used as "guinea-pigs," in all of my yearshere I have never known one of them toraise a serious objection. Coming as theydo for the most part from the educatedmiddle classes, they are better subjectsfor teaching than the mine-run charitypatient. They seek medical attention ear­lier in their illnesses, give more instruc­tive and reliable medical histories andare, in general, more agreeable to workwith. The income derived from the pro­fessional fees has been vital in keepingthe medical school solvent and self­sufficient, particularly in making the truefull-time system economically feasible.Thus, what began as a necessity hasturned out to be a tremendous advantage.Indeed, the system has become the envyof all the privately supported and not afew of the state medical schools. Anyschool thinking of trying it, though,must remember that it requires a specialkind of doing. To make it work suc­cess fully, the modern scientific clinicianmust lead a double life and function alsoas a skillful and humane doctor, able toattract and hold patients. He must evenkeep in mind that old bromide, the pa­tient-physician relationship. For the pa­tients come not to benefit medical sci­ence, after all, but because they aresick and want to be helped.A final salient characteristic of thenew medical school was a much neededrevamping and reform of the teachingmethods then employed in most medicalschools. When I was a student at Rush,for instance, the instruction centeredabout lecture demonstrations or "showclinics" held in large amphitheaters withthe entire class of 125 or so filling therising seats and the physician-professorhighlighted in the pit where his internwheeled in the patients. Many of thesemen were excellent teachers and some ofthem were certainly theatrical. The twoqualities often coincided, and I don'tdoubt that the histrionics of the greatSippy as he swept his pince-nez fromhis nose to the end of its tether and thenlet it snap back on its own power to thespring reel on his lapel, meanwhilescratching his fundament with his otherhand, had a potent reinforcing effectupon our learning the management ofpeptic ulcer. But we never had a chanceto hear the patient, his words or hisheartbeat, or to touch him, or even tosee him close up. Without this the wordsof sages and of textbooks are, at best, akind of bathing of the feet with theshoes on.By utilizing the freed-up time of a full-time faculty while keeping theclasses small, it has been possible toshift the emphasis of the teaching tosmall groups of three or four studentswho have direct and often first access tothe patient. The main teaching is doneat the bedside and in the examiningrooms where the student takes his place,along with the house officers and attend­ing staff in the study and care of thepatient. It is, if you like, a kind of ap­prentice system. No educationist candeny that there is nothing like learningby doing.It is a great temptation to say some­thing about the founding fathers as wellas other distinguished members of thefaculty of the medical school and even,grudgingly, of the administrators. Butthis is too long a story. Besides, luckily,many of them are still among the quickand it would be in as bad taste to praisethem as they and their work deserve asit would be to expose their not alwaysharmless foibles. I should not want,though, to omit mention of one figure inany history of this medical school, how­ever incomplete; for in the opinion ofmany it was he of all people who had thegreatest influence upon the school duringits formative years and later. Leaving alucrative practice and Rush Medical Col­lege, Dallas Phemister came, as I havementioned, to be the Professor of Sur­gery when the school opened. He was astern, but not unkindly, man with anadamant will and an uncompromisinghonesty. The first time I ever saw himwas as a student in one of those Rushamphitheaters where he strode in, drag­ging behind him an amputated leg. "Ikilled this man," he began. Leavingaside his skill as a surgeon, the top-flightsurgeons he trained in and out of hisown department, his scholarship and hisimportant clinical research-leaving allthis aside, his telling contribution was hissheer moral force. It was this that keptthe school from ever letting its sightsdown at times when the going was rough.It may seem rather pointless for me tohave dwelt so much upon the aims andmethods of the school when most ofthem are now taken pretty much forgranted in medical schools the countryover; but I think it well for you to knowthat this school was a pioneer. While ithas often been imitated, in many re­spects it has not been equaled, and re­mains unique. To paraphrase RobertMaynard Hutchins, it is not a very goodmedical school; it is just the best thereis.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 7THE SENIOR8 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN BALLARD, PHILIP LEEBorn April 26, 1939; Earlham College, A.B. 1961;U. of Chicago, Ph.D., 1967; Intern.: Palo Alto-Stan­ford H. Ctr.: Pediatrics; Married; Rural Route,Greencastle, Ind. 46135.BARTON, ROBERT WILLEYBorn Jan. 29,1941; U. of Chicago, B.S., 1962; Ph.D.,1967; Intern.: Mass. Gen.H.; Internal Medicine; Mar­ried; 1180 Mt. Loretta, Dubuque, Ia. 52001; A.O.A.BERNSTEIN, MONTE SCOTTBorn June 1, 1941 j Earlham College, A.B., 1963; In­tern.: U. of Iowa H.j Internal Medicine; Unmarried;2170 Crystal Ave., Euclid, Ohio 44123.BIBER, MICHAEL PETERBorn Oct. 9, 1941; Oberlin College, A.B., 1963; In­tern.: Mt. Sinai H., N.Y.C.; Undetermined; Unmar­ried; 749 Scotland Rd., Orange, New Jersey 07050.BREITENBACH, EDWIN E.Born Feb. 2, 1942; Northwestern U., A.B., 1963; In­tern.: U. of Oregon H.; Otolaryngology; Married;9132 N. Keeler, Skokie, TIL 60076.BRUSMAN, HAROLD PAULBorn Feb. 1, 1942; Harvard College, A.B., 1963; In­tern.: U. of Chicago H.; Pediatrics; Unmarried; 6746S. Crandon, Chicago 60649 j 240 Lee St., Evanston, Ill.60202; A.O.A.BUTLER, RUSSELL BROWNINGBorn Jan. 1, 1942; Cornell U., B.S., 1963; Intern.:U. of Colorado; Neurology; Married; 9405 Corby St.,Omaha, Neb. 68134.CAMPBELL, PATRICK MICHAELBorn Oct. 26, 1941; Princeton U., B.A., 1963; In­tern.: King County H., Seattle; Internal Medicine;Unmarried; 672 Highview, Glen Ellyn, Ill. 60137.CANYWAY, DONALD LEEBorn July 10, 1941; U. of Chicago, A.B., 1963; In­tern.: San Francisco Gen. H.; Orthopedic Surgery;Married; 17747 Harwood, Homewood, Ill. 60430.CARLSON, JOHN STEPHENBorn Dec. 19, 1941; U. of Chicago, B.A., 1963; In­tern.: U. of Chicago H.; Pediatrics; Unmarried; 5619S. Drexel, Chicago 60637; 3309 W. 92nd St., Leawood,Kansas.de BARROS, THERESA SHAMESBorn April 10, 1941; Mills College, Calif., A.B.,1962; Intern.: Michael Reese H.; Ophthalmology;Married; 5500 S. Shore Drive, Chicago 60637; 2655Polk St., San Francisco 94109.DOEDE, KATHERINE G.Born Nov. 29, 1941; U. of Puerto Rico, B.S., 1963;Intern: Philadelphia Gen. H.; Dermatology; Married.DORUS, WALTER SEVERYNBorn Jan. 9, 1942; Beloit College, B.A., 1963; In­tern.: U. of Chicago H.; Psychiatry; Unmarried; 812E. 58th St., Chicago 60637; 3518 W. 61st St., Chicago60629.FISCHER, PETER BRUCEBorn Dec. 9, 1941; Hamilton College, A.B., 1963;Intern.: Palo Alto-Stanford H. Ctr.; Pediatrics; Un­married; 16 Byrd Place, Yonkers, N.Y. 10710.FISK, HARRIS RONALDBorn May 10, 1943; Johns Hopkins U., B.A., 1963;Research in Genetics, Palo Alto-Stanford H. Ctr.;Neurology; Unmarried; 7520 Maple Ave., TakomaPark, Md. 20012.CLASS OF J967GANZ, EDWARDBorn June 30, 1941; Swarthmore College, 1960-1963; Intern.: U. of Chicago H.; Neurosurgery; Un­married; 806 E. 58th St., Chicago 60637; 67-00 192ndSt., Flushing, N.Y. 11365.GINSBURG, DAVID SAMUELBorn Dec. 25, 1942; U. of Michigan, 1960-1963; In­tern.: U. of Chicago H.; Internal Medicine; Married, 1child; 1961 W. Hood, Chicago 60626; 6310 N. Talman,Chicago 60645.GOCKERMAN, JON PAULBorn Dec. 27, 1942; U. of Michigan, 1960-1963; In­tern.: Duke H.; Internal Medicine; Married; 1375West Saratoga, Ferndale, Mich. 48220.GRIFFIN, ANDREW JOSEPHBorn April 2, 1941; U. of Notre Dame, A.B., 1963;Intern.: U. of Chicago H.; Pediatrics; Married; 1426Dempster, Evanston, m. 60201.GROSE, CHARLES FREDERICKBorn April 15, 1942; Beloit College, B.A., 1963; In­tern.: Bronx Municipal H.; Pediatrics; Unmarried;1509 Fourth Ave., S.W., Austin, Minn. 55912; A.O.A.HODGES, GLENN ROSSBorn Aug. 28,1941; Muskingum College, Ohio, B.A.,1963; Intern.: Ohio State U. H., Columbus; InternalMedicine; Married; Route 5, Cambridge, Ohio 43725.HORWITZ, DAVID LARRYBorn July 13, 1942; Harvard College, A.B., 1963 jPh.D. candidate in Physiology, U. of Chicago j Mar­ried; 5420 S. Cornell, Chicago 60615; 1182 Mayfair,Glencoe, m. 60022; A.O.A.HURST, DANIEL JOHNSONBorn Dec. 27, 1941 j Wake Forest College, B.S., 1963 jIntern.: Methodist H., Houston; Internal Medicine;Married; 1207 Pamlico Drive, Greensboro, N. Caro­lina 27408.JACOBSON, LESTER BARRYBorn Oct. 17, 1941; Clark U., Worcester, Mass., A.B.,1963; Intern.: Kaiser Foundation H., San Francisco;Internal Medicine; Married; 19 Farnham Ave., NewHaven, Conn. 06515.KADISH, SIDNEY PAULBorn Dec. 1, 1941; Columbia U., A.B., 1963 j Intern.:Kaiser Foundation H., San Francisco; Urology; Un­married; 6 Myrtle Ave., Butler, N.J. 07405.KAHL, FREDERIC ROSSBorn July 17,1941; U. of Rochester, B.A., 1963; In­tern.: U. of Pennsylvania H.; Internal Medicine; Mar­ried; 37 McCampbell Rd., Holmdel, N.J. 07733.KALAY JIAN, DAVID BERNARDBorn Jan. 20, 1942; Yale U., B.A., 1963; Intern.:U. of Iowa H.; Orthopedic Surgery; Married; 933 C,Westhampton Village, Coralville, Iowa 52240; 30676Harlincin Court, Franklin, Mich. 48025.KIRZ, HOWARD LUTZBorn Aug. 31, 1942; U. of Washington, 1960-1963;Intern.: King County H., Seattle; Neurology; Married,1 child; 511 Sanford, Richland, Wash. 99352; A.O.A.KOVACS, JOSEPH CURTISBorn June 19, 1941; U. of Chicago, B.A., 1963; In­tern.: Andrews A.F.B., Andrews, Md.; Aerospace Med­icine; Married; 8845 Leavitt St., Chicago 60620.LANGE, PAUL ALLANBorn June 26, 1941; U. of Chicago, A.B .. 1963; In­tern.: Kaiser Foundation H., San Francisco; Psychia­try; Married; 8237 Luella, Chicago 60617.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 9THE SENIOR10 M ED I CAL A L U M NIB U L LET I N LARSON, DAVID WILBURBorn Feb. 24, 1940; Kalamazoo College, B.A., 1961;Intern.: U. of lllinois Res. & Educ. H., Chicago; In­ternal Medicine; Married; 5423 East View Park, Chi­cago 60615; 238 Waterloo Ave., Berwyn, Pa. 19312.LEAVITT, JONATHAN DAVIDBorn Jan. 6, 1943; Swarthmore College, A.B., 1963;Intern.: Montefiore H., N.Y.C.; Pediatrics; Unmar­ried; 627 W. Lafayette St., Easton, Pa. 18042.LEVY, ROBERT MICHAELBorn April 17, 1942; Cornell U., B.S., 1963; Intern.:Kaiser Foundation H., San Francisco; Undetermined;Unmarried; 8043 188th St., Jamaica, N.Y. 11423.LONGWELL, JOHN DE FORESTBorn July 16, 1942; U. of Florida, B.S., 1963; In­tern.: Southern Pacific Mem. H., San Francisco; In­ternal Medicine; Unmarried; 1835 Bayshore Blvd.,Dunedin, Fla. 33528.LUMIA, FRANCIS JAMESBorn April 24, 1941; U. of Chicago, B.A., 1963; In- .tern.: Geo. Washington U. H.; Internal Medicine; Un­married; 427 Commonwealth Ave., Trenton, N.J.08629.MARANTZ, ROBERTBorn July 8, 1941; Oberlin College, A.B., 1963; In­tern.: U. of Chicago H.; Internal Medicine; Married;1440 East 52nd St., Chicago 60615.MASSOVER, WILLIAM H.Born Nov. 10, 1941; U. of Chicago, A.B., 1963;Ph.D. Candidate in Zoology, U. of Chicago; Unmar­ried; 6916 S. Clyde Ave., Chicago 60649.MC MAHON, JOHN P.Born Feb. 25, 1939; Loyola U., B.S., 1960; HarvardU., M.A., 1963; Intern.: Columbia-Presbyterian H.;Neurology; Unmarried; 2056 W. 70th St., Chicago60636; A.O.A.NWANKWO, NEHEMIAH O.Born Nov. 11, 1940; Fisk U., B.A., 1963, Intern.:Harlem H., N.V.C.; Internal Medicine; Married; P.O.Box 1, Ajalli, Eastern Nigeria, W.A.OKIN, ROBERT LAWRENCEBorn July 22,1942; U. of Chicago, B.A., 1964; In­tern.: Bronx Municipal H.; Psychiatry; Unmarried;306 Brevoort Lane, Rye, N.Y. 10580; A.O.A.PALOMBO, ROBERT VICTORBorn Aug. 5, 1942; Brooklyn College, B.A., 1963;Intern.: U. of Wisconsin H.; Psychiatry; Unmarried.PANZARELLA, MARIUS H.Born April 17, 1941; Holy Cross College, B.S., 1962 ;Intern: King County H .. Seattle; Internal Medicine;Unmarried; 244 DeMott Ave., Rockville Centre, N.Y.11570.PERIN, DAVID MARTINBorn July 17, 1941; U. of Chicago, B.S., 1963; In­tern.: U. of California H., San Francisco; Pediatrics;Unmarried; 402 Mansfield Rd., Silver Spring, Md.20910.PHILGREEN, DONALD ELMERBorn Oct. 17, 1939; Wheaton College, B.S., 1963; In­tern.: St. Luke's H., Kansas City. Mo.; General Prac­tice; Married; 5539 Barkley St., Shawnee Mission,Kansas; 4133 Wyoming St., Kansas City, Mo. 64111.PORCHER, WILLIAM JOSEPHBorn May 30,1941; Knox College, B.A., 1963; Ph.D.Candidate in Pharmacology, U. of Chicago; Neuro­pharmacology; Unmarried; 524 Shadywood, ElkGrove, Ill. 60007.CLASS OF 1967RECKLES, LAWRENCE NORMANBorn May 22, 1942; Indiana U., A.B., 1964; Intern.:Milwaukee County H.; Orthopedic Surgery; Unmar­ried; 3600 Lake Shore Drive, Chicago 60613.ROBBINS, STEPHEN M.Born June 26, 1942; U. of Pennsylvania, B.A., 1963;Intern.: Children's H., Philadelphia; Pediatrics; Mar­ried; Copper Beach Club South, Secane, Pa., 19018;3510 Ave. H, Brooklyn, N.Y. 11210.ROOS, BERNARD ALLENBorn Nov. 15, 1941; Oberlin College, B.A., 1963;Intern.: Mt. Sinai H., N.Y.C.; Endocrinology; Mar­ried; 445 E. 80th St., New York, N.Y. 14304; A.O.A.SALDINO, RONALD MICHAELBorn July 30, 1941; U. of Notre Dame, B.S., 1963;Intern.: Indiana U. Med. Ctr. H.; Diagnostic Radiolo­gy; Married; 1458 N. Leland Ave., Indianapolis 46219.SCHERZ, DEBORAH JAYBorn Jan. 27, 1943; Carleton College, B.A., 1963;Intern.: Palo Alto-Stanford H. Ctr.; Undetermined;Unmarried; 5515 S. Woodlawn, Chicago 60637; A.O.A.SCHNEIDER, ARTHUR B.Born June 29, 1941; U. of Chicago, B.S., 1962;Ph.D., 1967; Intern.: Barnes H., St. Louis, Mo.; In­ternal Medicine; Married, 1 child; 15 S. Taylor Ave.,St. Louis, Mo. 63108; 60 Knolls Crescent, Bronx, N.Y.10463; A.O.A.SHERMAN, JOEL AVERYBorn March 31, 1943; U. of Michigan, 1960-1963;Intern.: U. of Wisconsin H.; Internal Medicine; Un­married; 1622 E. 92nd Pl., Chicago 60617.SHULMAN, STANFORD TAYLORBorn May 13, 1942; U. of Cincinnati, B.S., 1963;Intern.: U. of Chicago H.; Pediatrics; Married; 2436Barrington, Toledo, Ohio 43606.SIEGEL, BENJAMI N SIMONBorn June 5, 1942; Boston U., B.A., 1963; Intern.:Boston City H.; Pediatrics; Married; 325 V.F.W.Parkway, Boston, Mass. 02167.SIEGLER, MARKBorn June 20, 1941; Princeton U., A.B., 1963;Intern.: U. of Chicago H.; Internal Medicine; Mar­ried; 646 Kenilworth Ave., Glen Ellyn, Ill. 6013 7.SILVERSTEIN, DAVID MORTONBorn Aug. 26, 1944; U. of Ill., Navy Pier, Intern.:King County H., Seattle; Internal Medicine; Unmar­ried; 4403 W. Greenleaf, Lincolnwood, Ill. 60645.SLAUGHTER, RONALD JOEBorn June 4, 1941; Occidental College, Los Angeles,B.A., 1963; Intern.: U.S.N. H., Pensacola; Married,1 child; 135 W. Whittier Ave., Tracy, Calif. 95376.SLOAN, WILLIAM REACHBorn Oct. 7, 1941; U. of Chicago, B.S., 1963; In­tern.: Michael Reese H.; Urology; Married, 1 child;5431 S. Hyde Pk. Blvd., Chicago 60615; 425 W. BriarPlace, Chicago 60657.SOLLIDAY, NORMAN HENRYBorn Feb. 20, 1941; Knox College, A.B., 1963;Intern.: U. of Wisconsin H.; Internal Medicine; Mar­ried, 1 child; 1017 Homestead Rd., La Grange Pk.,Ill. 60525.SPIKES, JAMES LOUIS, JR.Born June 5, 1937; U. of Arkansas, B.A., B. Music,1960; Intern.: U. of Chicago H.; Psychiatry; Mar­ried; 5722 S. Drexel, Chicago 60637; 1219 EberhartAve., Columbus, Ga. 31906; A.O.A.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 11THE SENIOR CLASS OF 196712 ME 0 I CAL A L U M NIB U L LET I N STELL, WILLIAM KENYONBorn April 21, 1939; Swarthmore College, A.B.,1961; U. of Chicago, Ph.D. 1966; Research Associate,NIH; Research in Opthalmology; Unmarried; CosmosHill Road, Cortland, N.Y. 13045.STEVENS, JOHN ANDRESBorn Aug. 4, 1940; Pacific Lutheran U., Tacoma,Wash., B.S., 1963; Intern.: Los Angeles County Gen.H.; General Surgery; Unmarried; 1200 State St., LosAngeles, Calif. 90033; Helix, Oregon 97835. - •STOTLAND, NADA LOGANBorn Aug. 15, 1943; U. of Chicago, B.A., 1963;Intern.: U. of Illinois Res. & Educ. H., Chicago; Pe-diatric Psychiatry; Married, 1 child; 3750 N. LakeShore Drive, Chicago 60613.THOMPSON, ELIZABETH INGERBorn Sept. 19, 1942; Knox College, B.A., 1963;Intern.: U. of Iowa H.; Internal Medicine; Unmar­ried; 14 Euclid Ave., Maplewood, N.J. 07040.THOMPSON, LESTER ALANBorn July 24, 1940; Augustana College, Sioux Falls, .B.A., 1963; Intern.: U. of Wisconsin H.; InternalMedicine; Married; 2255 E. Balsam Circle, Mesa, Ariz.85201.WANG, WINFRED C.Born Aug. 24, 1942; U. of California, B.A., 1963;Intern.: Montefiore H., N.Y.C.; Pediatrics; Unmar­ried; 1060 Monterey Avenue, Berkeley, Calif. 94707.WASSERMAN, SAULBorn April 22, 1942; Cornell U., B.S., 1963; Intern.:U. of Chicago H.; Neurology-Psychiatry; Married;5631 Kenwood, Chicago, TIl. 60637; 77 Payson Ave.,N.Y.C. 10034.WHITE, DOUGLAS RECTORBorn Nov. 24, 1941; U. of Chicago, B.S., 1963;Intern.: Emory U. Affiliated H., Atlanta, Ga.; InternalMedicine; Unmarried; 3301 Hawthorn Lane, FallsChurch, Va. 22042.WILLIAMS, ROGER LEABorn Jan. 5, 1941; Oberlin College, A.B., 1963;Intern.: U. of Chicago H.; Internal Medicine; Un­married; 5654 Drexel, Apt. 4, Chicago 60637; 35 Hill­crest Terrace, Meriden, Conn. 06450; A.O.A.WINTON, ELLIOn FAIRCHILDBorn March 31, 1941; U. of Conn., B.A., 1963;Intern.: U. of Chicago H.; Internal Medicine; Mar­ried; 940 E. 56th St., Chicago 60637; 6911 Main St.,Stratford, Conn. 06497.ZACHARY, JOHN D.Born Dec. 15, 1939; Adelbert College, B.A., 1961;Western Reserve U., M.S., 1963; Intern.: ClevelandMetropolitan Gen. H.; Pediatrics; Married, 3731 E.71st St., Cleveland 44105; 3694 W. 15th St., Cleveland44109.SENIOR SCIENTIFIC SESSIONThe Senior Scientific Session was ini­tiated in 1947. Since that time, a pro­gram at which Seniors present reports onresearch done during their medical schoolyears has been one of the events of grad­uation week. The Medical Alumni Prizeis awarded to the student who makes thebest oral presentation. Short abstracts ofthe eleven papers given at the twenty­first Senior Scientific Session, held June6 in Pathology 117, are printed on thefollowing four pages.Louis Cohen, '53, Robin Powell, '57and Stanley Yachnin, all of the depart­ment of medicine, and Christen Ratten­borg of the anesthesiology departmentserved on this year's faculty committeewhich was under the chairmanship ofRene Menguy, chairman of the depart­ment of surgery.Familial Mosaicism with Non­Homology of ChromosomePair No. 16By GLENN R. HODGESM edicine-ACRHDuring a study of chromosomes in"pre-leukemic" individuals, Dr. JanetRowley found that patient C. B., whohad myelofibrosis, demonstrated mosai­cism for chromosome pair no. 16. Offourteen scoreable cells from a bone­marrow sample, six were normal. Eightappeared to have 5 E-group chromo­somes, including a single typical no. 16,while the C-group had one extra chromo­some. The latter, which is indistinguish­able from a chromosome no. 11 and/or12, presumably represented an abnor­mally large no. 16. Further study re­vealed a similar mosaic pattern in cul­tured leukocytes and skin fibroblastsfrom this patient.The presence of this mosaic pattern inall examined tissues suggested an in­herited abnormality. An investigation ofthe proband's family was undertaken.Two full siblings and the proband's chil­dren showed a similar mosaic pattern intheir cultured leukocytes. One full sib­ling and four half-siblings had no abnor­mal cells.A possible explanation for the non­homology of chromosome no. 16 is un­coiling at the site of a secondary con­striction. Secondary constrictions werefound in 8 per cent of 321 scoreablechromosome no. 16's from normal cells and in 6 per cent of 80 from abnormalcells. These data indicate that uncoilingdoes not explain the observed non­homology.Any hypothesis concerning the originof the large chromosome no. 16 mustaccount for the variable mosaicism pres­ent in the six individuals with abnormalcells. In an ancestor of the proband, asmall portion of a chromosome no. 16may have been inserted into a C-groupchromosome during meiosis. One gametecould contain both a normal chromosomeno. 16 and the C-group chromosomewith the insertion from a no. 16. Uponfertilization the resulting zygote wouldbe trisomic for that portion of the no. 16inserted into the C-group chromosome.Pairing of the homologous segments withsomatic crossing-over at the site of du­plication could yield the observed struc­tural aberration. In the absence ofknown autosomal genetic markers, thishypothesis remains untestable. How­ever, further studies are under way inthe hope of finding markers to substan­tiate the hypothesis.Membrane Lipoproteins: Isolationand Partial CharacterizationBy DAVID L. HORWITZPhysiologyCell membrane fractions have beenisolated from rat brain myelin and fromrat liver. The preparatlons have beenexamined by electron microscopy andfound to be essentially free of mitochon­dria and endoplasmic reticulum. The cellmembranes are obtained as a suspensionof membrane fragments, which is insolu­ble in aqueous buffer solutions over apH range of 4 to 12. The membranefragments can, however, be dissolved inan 0.2 M solution of sodium dodecyl sul­fate (SDS).The lipid from rat brain myelin wasextracted by a 3: 1 mixture of ethanoland diethyl ether. This removes about 9mg of lipid per 7 mg of protein. 50 percent of the extracted lipid is phospho­lipid, and thin layer chromatographyshows sphingomyelin to be the predomi­nant phospholipid. The residue left afterextracting lipid from myelin is insolublein aqueous buffers. If the myelin is dis­solved in 0.2 M SDS prior to delipida­tion, however, a residue which is about90 per cent soluble in Tris buffer at pH 8.6 is produced. Furthermore, Lowry de­termination shows that essentially 100per cent of the protein is recovered afterthe lipid extraction. If the myelin dis­solved in SDS is also succinylated withsuccinic anhydride before the delipida­tion, the residue is easily dissolved inTris buffer at pH 8.6, giving a crystalclear solution. Only about 85 per cent ofthe protein is recovered, however.Ultracentrifuge analysis of the delipi­dated membrane protein shows it to havea Svedberg coefficient of 10 S. Inspec­tion of the schlieren pattern suggeststhat the species is actually heteroge­neous, consisting perhaps of an aggregat­ing system. Molecular weight determina­tions on this protein are now in progress.The Importance of SulfhydrylGroups in the Estradiol­Receptor ComplexBy DANIEL J. HURSTBen May LaboratoryPrevious studies in the Ben May Lab­oratory of the fate of physiological dosesof tritiated estradiol in various rat tis­sues have demonstrated that hormone­dependent tissues, such as uterus andvagina, appear to contain some uniquecomponent, which shows a striking affin­ity for estradiol and whtch is now calledthe "estrogen receptor." Strong but re­versible association of the hormone withthis receptor substance, without chemicalchange of the steroid molecule, appearsto be the initial step in the uterotrophicprocess.The role of free sulfhydryl ( -SH)groups in this hormone-receptor complexwas studied. It was shown that sulfhy­dryl groups in the estrogen receptors ofrat uterine tissue are intimately involvedin the uptake and retention of estradiolby these receptors, a phenomenon whichappears to be an early step in the physio­logical action of estradiol.This evidence is based on the effectsof specific sulfhydryl-blocking agents(iodoacetamide, N-ethylmaleimide andp-chloromercuribenzoate) on the inter­action of tritiated estradiol with ratuterine tissue. These agents destroy thecharacteristic ability of uterine horns totake up estradiol in vitro; they cause re­lease of estradiol previously bound touterine tissue either in vivo or in vitro,ME 0 I CAL A l U M NIB U II E TIN 13SENIOR SCIENTIFIC SESSIONand they disrupt both of the radioactivehormone-receptor complexes which canbe isolated from rat uteri previously ex­posed to the estrogen.These results provide more detailedknowledge about the nature of the estra­diol-receptor interaction. The complexwhich results from this interaction ap­pears to be the triggering factor in theacceleration of biosynthetic processes inestrogen-dependent tissues.Ultrastructural Studies of the Ac­tion of Proteolytic Enzymesagainst the BasementMembraneBy FREDERIC R. KAHLDermatologyAlterations in the basement membraneof the dermal-epidermal junction are fre­quently associated with a variety ofpathologic processes involving the skin.Little is known, however, about thechemical composition of the basementmembrane, which, among other functions,serves as a "mooring" element helping tomaintain normal structural and func­tional relationships between the basalcell border of the epidermis and thevarious connective tissue elements of thedermis.A useful approach to the study of thestructure and function of the basementmembrane of the dermal-epidermal junc­tion is to produce junctional separationby chemical agents with defined proper­ties. In this study, the effects of intra­cutaneously injected papain and Clostrid­ial collagenase in guinea pig skin werestudied by electron microscopy.Papain, an enzyme capable of degrad­ing protein-polysaccharide complexes,caused junctional separation in twoprincipal patterns. In one, separationoccurred in the plane of the intermem­brane "space" (the zone between thebasal cell plasma membrane and thebasement membrane) and, in the secondpattern, separation occurred just beneaththe basement membrane.Study of dermal-epidermal separationproduced by collagenase, an enzymewhich acts specifically against collagenmolecules, revealed consistent disorgani­zation of the basement membrane and14 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN virtually no ultrastructural alteration ofthe dermal collagen fibrils.The differential effects of papain andcollagenase on the basement membraneof the dermal-epidermal junction permitthe proposal of a theoretical model ofthe epidermal basement membrane de­fining its morphological features in termsof macromolecular composition: 1) themoderately electron-dense, filamentousbasement membrane is composed of acollagen-like protein embedded in a ma­trix of undetermined composition (prob­ably a protein-polysaccharide); 2) theintermembrane "space" is rich in a pro­tein-polysaccharide complex, and anotherprotein-polysaccharide matrix may bepresent just below the dense filamentousbasement membrane.Protection against SystemicAnaphylaxis in the Ratby AbdominalVagotomyBy ROBERT LEVYPathologyTotal abdominal vagotomy partiallyprotects albino rats against systemic ana­phylaxis induced by ovalbumin, protec­tion being maximal if nerve section isperformed at least three weeks prior tochallenge. Fatal systemic anaphylaxis inthe rat is characterized by severe vascu­lar congestion, edema and hemorrhage,most pronounced in the small intestine.The reaction is presumably mediated byS-HT and histamine since mesentericmast cell degranulation is pronouncedand since specific antagonists to S-HTand histamine completely protect againstanaphylaxis.Vagotomy does not afford any detect­able protection against cutaneous ana­phylaxis, and it is assumed that the oper­ation does not affect the immune re­sponse in rats. In addition, vagotomyaffects neither the total number of mastcells nor the degranulation of mast cellsproduced by anaphylaxis. In preliminaryexperiments, vagotomy has been shownto decrease the severity of intestinal le­sions produced by parenteral histamine.Presumably vagotomy alters the reactiv­ity of the intestinal vasculature to thevasoactive amines. The nature of thisaltered sensitivity remains obscure and cannot be accounted for by any effectsvagotomy might have on the nutritionalstate of the animal.A Study of Inferior Vena Cavog­raphy with an Analysis ofOver Four HundredCasesBy RONALD SALDINORadiologyInferior vena cavography is an impor­tant diagnostic procedure. The indica­tions, contra-indications, technique, andcomplications of inferior vena cavog­raphy are outlined. The roentgenologi­cal anatomy with possible sources oferror in the interpretation of cavogramsis discussed. The literature pertinent toinferior vena cavography is briefly re­viewed and the results of a series of 418inferior vena cavograms are presented.Stress is placed on several factors whichhave not been emphasized in the litera­ture: 1) bilateral percutaneous femoralvein catheterization is the method ofchoice; 2) extravasation is rare with theuse of catheters; 3) it is important tovisualize both the external and commoniliac vessels bilaterally; 4) both supineand oblique views must be routinelytaken; 5) double common iliac vesselsare commonly seen; 6) the incidence ofintrinsic lesions of the inferior vena cavaand iliac vessels is relatively high. Wealso discuss the significance of collateralcirculation, the incidence of renal mixingdefects, the presence of hepatic andrenal vein retrograde filling, and meas­urements of the inferior vena cava andits relation to the spine. A brief com­parison of cavography and lymphogra­phy is made.Distribution of Arterial andLaryngeal Calcificationin Human AdultsBy RONALD]. SLAUGHTERPathologyThe calcium content of aortic athero­sclerotic plaques appears to correspondto the calcium content of the correspond­ing media rather than to the severity ofthe atherosclerotic process. AlthoughSENIOR SCIENTIFIC SESSIONdiffuse calcium deposition in the arterialmedia and in other soft tissues tends toincrease with age, variation among indi­viduals is marked. The purpose of thepresent study was to ascertain if differentsegments of the arterial tree differ in cal­cium content, and if the extent of radio­logically demonstrable calcium deposi­tion in sites such as the laryngeal andcostal cartilages corresponds to eitherthe diffuse medial or focal atheroscleroticcalcium deposition in arteries.The aorta, coronary and renal arteries,the larynx, and a sample of costal carti­lage were dissected free of surroundingtissues at the time of autopsy in 27 pa­tients over age 40. Intimal atheromatousinvolvement and radiographically demon­strable vessel calcification were estimatedplanimetrically from photographs androentgenograms, and calcifications oflaryngeal and costal cartilages wereevaluated by grading radiographs. Cal­cium content of arterial tissue sampleswas determined by wet-ashing and atom­ic absorption spectrophotometry.Medial calcium content apart fromatherosclerotic plaques increased withage. It was greatest in the thoracic aorta,ranging from 4 to 15 p.g/mg (dryweight). The pattern of distribution inthe vessel segments analyzed was as fol­lows: thoracic aorta > abdominal aorta> coronary arteries > renal arteries.Radiographically demonstrable focalatheromatous calcifications tended tooccur in aortas that had high levels ofdiffuse medial calcification. Atheroscler­otic plaques without radiographically de­monstrable calcium contained less cal­cium than the uninvolved adjacent ves­sel wall. Although patients with markedfocal aortic calcifications had markedatherosclerosis, atherosclerosis was se­vere in many patients with no radiologi­cally demonstrable calcification and rela­tively low medial calcium content.Calcium deposition in laryngeal andcostal cartilages increased with age, al­though wide individual differences werepresent within each decade. Calcificationof the thyroid cartilage was almost in­variably greater than that of the cricoidcartilage. Calcifications in costal carti­lages and tracheal rings were comparablein any given individual but did not cor­relate well with cricoid or thyroid orcartilage calcifications. Marked thyroidcartilage calcification did not correspondto relatively elevated vessel calcium content, either of the diffuse or focaltype; in many cases an inverse relation­ship was evident.Thus, although calcium deposition in­creases with age, localizing factors resultin striking disassociations in calcificationof arterial and cartilaginous tissues andof different arterial segments.Characterization of a MyelomaSerum Factor Capable ofAltering SerumLipoproteinsBy JAMES L. SPIKES, JR.MedicineThe serum lipids in patients who havemultiple myeloma are usually low or nor­mal, and the degree of atherosclerosis issignificantly less than that seen in thegeneral population. Rarely, the serumlipids are high in myeloma. A uniquefactor has been found in the serum of apatient with both myeloma and hypertri­glyceridemia. This factor alters serumbeta lipoproteins in such a manner thatthey are unable to enter a starch gel dur­ing electrophoresis. With ultracentrifu­gal studies this beta lipoprotein-alteringactivity has been localized in the virtual­ly lipoprotein-free fraction of density>1.21 of this myeloma patient's serum.The activity was found to be muchgreater during relapse of the myelomathan during remission. The material re­sponsible for this effect is non-dialyzableand stable to freezing at - 20° C fornine months. It is precipitable with 1.7M to 2.0 M ammonium sulfate and with50 per cent ethanol at pH 7.7. The mye­loma paraprotein has been isolated andfound to produce an identical effect, in­dicating that it is the serum factor re­sponsible for alteration of the beta lipo­proteins.The sera from fifteen normal persons,eight patients with myeloma and six pa­tients with hyperlipidemia were testedfor this effect and failed to show it. Thesera from two other patients with mye­loma and hyperlipidemia were tested andboth showed an almost identical effect. These data suggest that the presenceof this specific factor is directly relatedto the concurrence of myeloma and hy­perlipidemia, and that there is an inter­action between these two processes whenthey occur together. The precise natureof this interaction is, as yet, unknown.Interconnections of Retinal Neu­rons in Normal and Defec­tive Color VisionBy WILLIAM K. STELLAnatomyColor vision is shared by man withfew other animals and is lacking in onehuman male in twenty. It is initiated inthe retina by differential absorption oflight of different colors by separate conecells, followed by differential analysis ofneural signals by retinal networks. Innormal man, two types of color mecha­nisms can be demonstrated: trichromatic(red, green, and blue primaries) andcomplementary (red-green and yellow­blue pairs). Recent studies in fish andprimates reveal that cone cells containeither redo, greeno, or blue-absorbingpigment, while the output of many gan­glion cells (third-order neurons) is codedfor complementary colors. Thus Helm­holtz's trichromatic theory of color vi­sion describes the function of the firststage, and Hering's opponent-colortheory the third stage, in intraretinalcolor analysis. Mechanisms for transfor­mation of color information by second­stage networks, since they may be funda­mental in functioning of brain and reti­na alike, are of wide interest. Since theyhave not been revealed by physiologicalstudies, we have sought them morpho­logically.Second-order cells of goldfish retina,examined by light and electron micros­copy after Golgi impregnation, ap­peared segregated into chromatic (cone)and achromatic (red) systems. Thefunctions of ganglion cells imply thatsecond-order cells are further codedmonochromatically and that the majorchromatic interactions occur at inputs toganglion cells. If both first- and second­order retinal cells are color-coded, thencolor vision defects located in neural net­works as well as photosensitive pigmentsmay be anticipated.ME 0 I CAL A l U M NIB U l LET I N lSSENIOR SCIENTIFIC SESSIONOut of Their Lives and Thoughts:Interviews with DelinquentBoysBy N ADA LOGAN STOTLANDPsychiatryThirty-nine male juvenile delinquentsfrom a Negro slum neighborhood wereinterviewed twice. Criteria for selectionwere arrest and conviction for delin­quent acts, which led either to probationor to a period in a probation home. Atthe beginning of each interview the boywas asked to talk about things that wereimportant to him. After thirty uninter­rupted minutes, the interviewer struc­tured the following thirty minutes withquestions about the boy's family, friends,activities, and plans for the future. Tostudy group characteristics, the 2,795statements from 74 interviews werecombined and the content analyzed.Statements about family constituted34.4 per cent of the total, those aboutpeer group 29.2 per cent, school 12.1per cent, jobs 9.5 per cent, social con­trol 7.1 per cent, personal values andethics 5.8 per cent, and health 1.8 percent. When the boys talked about people,their statements consisted mostly of sta­tistics, such as age and sex of siblingsand whereabouts and activities of par- ents and peers. Examples of family inter­action did not involve the exchange offeelings and ideas but only the arbitraryhanding out of money, or less oftenrules, by the parents. Similarly, boys de­scribed the gangs and delinquent andrecreational activities in which they par­ticipated with boys the same age but didnot mention close friends or strong feel­ings. Despite the many instances of poorschool and work records that were given,they expressed hopes for college educa­tions and good jobs. "Social control"was equivalent to the police and wasviewed very negatively, but values mostoften mentioned were staying out oftrouble and acquiring money and cars.The "health" category included mainlyfactual accounts of violence suffered orwitnessed.The picture outlined here is consistentwith the thoughts of many writers (Kar­diner, Silberman, Aichhorn) on prob­lems of delinquency and Negro society.It demonstrates the usefulness of the in­terview and content analysis techniquein exploring these problems.1 Transfer of Aortic Cholesterol Es­ter to Serum LipoproteinsBy SAUL WASSERMANPathologyThe cholesterol ester of rat aortas waslabelled by pre feeding with H3-choles­terol. After a suitable labelling periodthe rats were sacrificed, and the aortaswere removed and suitably-cleaned andwashed. Incubation of the aorta witha-protein, the delipidated protein ofserum high density lipoprotein (HDL),or with phospholipid as beef lecithin mi­celles demonstrated transfer of choles­terol ester from aorta into incubationmedium. Under certain conditions, incu­bation of the aorta with a-protein plusphospholipid failed to demonstrate atransfer of cholesterol ester from aortato the protein-phospholipid complex.These in vitro studies suggest that un­der certain conditions partially or total­ly delipidated high density lipoproteinmay act as an acceptor for the choles­terol ester in the rat aorta. Further ex­periments on the specificity of this trans­fer are in progress. It is not known ifsuch a transfer occurs in significantamounts in vivo. If this is the case, thesestudies point towards a biochemicalmethod of producing the regression ofatherosclerotic plaques.REUNION, J 967Fiftieth Anniversary ClassIt has become traditional for fifty­year graduates of Rush Medical Collegeto celebrate their golden anniversarywith us at the Reunion Banquet. Thisyear, eight members of the class of 1917received their testimonials at the ban­quet. In addition to the wives picturedwith their husbands on the opposite page,Mrs. Lyon and Mrs. Margolis were alsopresent.Joseph H. Chivers retired as medi­cal director of the Crane Company opera­tions in the United States and Canadain 1958 and now lives in La Jolla, Cali­fornia. From 1955 to 1958 he also servedas director of the Rehabilitation Insti­tute in Chicago.Francis L. Foran, clinical professoremeritus from the department of medi­cine at Loyola's Stritch School of Medi-16 ME 0 I CAL A L U M NIB U L LET IN cine, is still in active practice in OakPark, Illinois.Aaron E. Kanter, emeritus professorI of obstetrics and gynecology at ChicagoMedical School, also taught at RushMedical College and the Cook CountyGraduate School of Medicine. He is stillin active practice in Chicago and is a con­sultant at Presbyterian-St. Luke's andMt. Sinai Hospitals.James E. Lebensohn, emeritus asso­ciate professor of ophthalmology fromNorthwestern University, is still in activepractice in Chicago. He has served as anassociate editor for the American Jour­nal of Ophthalmology since 1946 and assection editor of the Survey of Ophthal­mology since 1956.Will F. Lyon has practiced surgery inChicago since his graduation from Rush.His son, Edward, is a 1953 graduate ofour medical school and a member of our faculty in the urology section of the de­partment of surgery.David J. Margolis has retired fromactive practice but still lives in Chicago.William F. Moncreiff, emeritus pro­fessor of ophthalmology at the Universityof Illinois, is still in part-time practicein Chicago and is a consultant at Presby­terian-St. Luke's Hospital. His wife,Bertha Klien, is also a well-known Chi­cago ophthalmologist who served on ourfaculty from 1955 to 1964.Benjamin H. Schlomovitz taughtphysiology at the University of Wiscon­sin and at Marquette University wherehe served as director of the departmentfrom 1920 to 1922. He was director oflaboratories and research for the U.S.Veterans' Hospital in Milwaukee from1923 to 1946 and entered private prac­tice there as an internist in 1947. He re­tired from active practice in 1966.SCHLOMOVITZTHE MONCREIFFSFORAN JACOBSON, LINDSAY and MARGOLISME 0 I CAL A L U M NIB U L LET IN 17RALPH and ALBERT DORFMANTHE ORMAND JUlIANS18 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN ALUMNI HONORSDISTINGUISHED SERVICE AWARDSRecipient:Ralph I. Dorfman, Ph.D., '34; Di­rector, Institute of Hormone Biol­ogy, Syntex Research Center, PaloAlto, California.Presented by:Albert Dorfman, B.S., '36; Ph.D.,'39; M.D., '44; Professor, Depart­ments of Pediatrics and Biochem­istry; Chairman, Department ofPediatrics, and Director, La Rabida­University of Chicago Institute.Recipient:Ormand C. Julian, B.S., '34; M.D.,'37; Ph.D., '41; Professor 0/ Sur­gery, University of Illinois Collegeof Medicine, and Professor andChairman, Division 0/ Surgery,Presbyterian-St. Luke's Hospital.Presented by:John Van Prohaska, '33; Professorof Surgery.Recipient:Harold F. Schuknecht, Rush '40;Professor of Otology and Laryngol­ogy, Harvard Medical School, andChief 0/ Otolaryngology, Massachu­setts Eye and Ear Infirmary.Presented by:John R. Lindsay, Thomas D. JonesProfessor, Department 0/ Surgery(Otolaryngology) .Recipient:Albert Sjoerdsma, B.S., '45; Ph.D.,'48; M.D., '49; Chief, ExperimentalTherapeutics Branch, NationalHeart Institute, National Institutesof Health.Presented by:Alfred Heller, Ph.D., '56; M.D., '60;Associate Professor of Pharmacol­ogy.AND AWARDSRecipient:David W. Talmage, Faculty 1952-59; Professor and Chairman, De­partment of Microbiology, Univer­sity of Colorado School of Medicine.Presented by:Joseph H. Skom, Ph.B., '47; B.S., '51;M.D., '52; Assistant Professor ofMedicine, Northwestern UniversityMedical School.THE GOLD KEYS AWARDSRecipient:Lowell T. Coggeshall, Trustee andVice-President Emeritus of the Uni­versity, and Frederick H. RawsonProfessor Emeritus, Department ofMedicine.Presented by:Henry T. Ricketts, Professor of Medi­cine.Recipient:Clarence C. Reed, Rush '25; PlasticSurgeon, Compton, California.Presented by:Leon o. Jacobson, '39; Dean, Divi­sion of Biological Sciences, and Jo­seph Regenstein Professor of Bio­logical and Medical Sciences.THE McCLINTOCK AWARDRecipient:Hilger Perry Jenkins, Rush '26;Professor of Surgery.Presented by:Sidney P. Kadish, '67; for the seniorclass. LINDSAY, JACOBSON, REEDRICKETTS and COGGESHALLMEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 19TALMAGE RICKms, JACOBSON, SJOERDSMAJENKINS, DORFMAN, JACOBSON,KADISH20 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN SCHUKNECHTSENIOR HONORS ANDAWARDSFour members of the senior class weregraduated with honors. They wereRobert W. Barton, John P. McMahon,Deborah J. Scherz, and William K.Stell.Frederic R. Kahl won the BordenAward for his paper, "UltrastructuralStudies of the Action of Proteolytic En­zymes against the Basement Membrane."His research was conducted in the der­matology section of the department ofmedicine.The Medical Alumni Prize for excel­lence in the delivery of a paper at theSenior Scientific Session was awarded toJames L. Spikes, Jr. for his paper,"Characterization of a Myeloma SerumFactor Capable of Altering Serum Lipo­proteins." His research was sponsoredby the cardiology section of the depart­ment of medicine.Ronald M. Saldino was awarded theJoseph A. Capps Prize for outstandingproficiency in clinical work.A citation from the American MedicalWomen's Association for outstandingscholastic achievement was awarded toDeborah Scherz.A.O.A. ELECTIONSThe seven members of the graduatingclass elected to membership at the May11 meeting of the Alpha Omega Alphawere:Harold P. BrusmanCharles F. GroseRobert L. OkinBernard A. RoosArthur B. SchneiderJames L. Spikes, Jr.Roger L. WilliamsFive other members of the class,Robert W. Barton, David L. Horwitz,Howard L. Kirz, John P. McMahonand Deborah J. Scherz, were elected tomembership during their junior year.Clara \D. Bloomfield, Marshall T.Morgan, Donald A. Rothbaum, andArlene Weinshelbaum were electedfrom the current junior class.Dr. Helen Taussig, professor emeri­tus of pediatrics from Johns Hopkins,gave the A.O.A. lecture. Her topic was"Survival after Being Struck by Light­ning." BARTON, SCHERZ, STELL. JOHN P. McMAHON, the other sen­ior who graduated with honors, could not attend the banquet.CEITHAML and SALDINOM E 0 I CAL A L U M NIB U L LET I N 21REPORT FROM RUSH, THE CLASS OF 1917i,THE MEDICAL ALUMNI ASSOCIATIONOPTHEUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOGEORGE H.ANDERSONi" Recog"""'" of the Fiftieth Alllliwrs.y of IrIS Grlllluio"jr"". R.Juh M�JjC41 Col�grForty-seven of the sixty-one livingmembers of the class responded to ourrequest for biographical information.Twenty-two are still in full or part-timepractice. Their areas of specializationhave covered almost all the fields ofmedicine, including public health, re­search, and industrial and military medi­cine. Thirteen have had careers in aca­demic medicine, usually in conjunctionwith private practice of their specialties.It would be impossible to cite all the in­dividual contributions of the class mem­bers to the literature in their fields, butwe note that two have publications nowat press. Franklin Farman of Whittier,California, is awaiting publication of achapter in the Encyclopedia oj Urology,and Richard Torpin, formerly chairmanof the obstetrics and gynecology depart­ment at the University of Georgia, ex­pects his book on the placenta to be pub­lished shortly.The extra-medical activities of theclass have emphasized community im­provement and civic service, though fewbecame as involved as Charles Robinsof Lewiston, Idaho, who served as aState Senator from 1938 to 1944 and asGovernor of Idaho from 1946 to 1951.K. Frances Scott, emeritus associate pro­fessor at Smith College, has had, in addi­tion to her long career in college healthwork, a strong commitment to the ad­vancement of women in the professionalfields. She is a past president of the N a­tional Federation of Business and Pro­fessional Women's Clubs and her publicservice work has included appointmentsto the U.S. Commission for UNESCO22 M E 0 I CAL A L U M NIB U L lET I N CHICAGO. ILLINOIS. JUNI .. 1"7and the Defense Department Commis­sion on Women in the Services. John H.Nichols also specialized in college healthwork and served as professor and chair­man of the physical education depart­ment both at Ohio State University andOberlin College. In 1945 he was com­missioned by the Special Service Divi­sion of the Army to organize the recrea­tional and athletic programs for the de­mobilization period in the Europeantheater. In 1955, Oberlin College erecteda gateway to its athletic fields and namedit in his honor.The class of 1917 is unusual in havingthree husband-and-wife medical teams.Eva and Henry Johnson of Eugene,Oregon and Bertha and Leland Shaferof La Grange Park, Illinois were all class­mates. William Moncreiff's wife, Ber­tha Klien, is not a Rush graduate butserved on our faculty in the departmentof ophthalmology for many years.Many of the class wrote that they havefound time in retirement to pursue hob­bies and interests that they neglectedduring their years of active practice.Fishing, sailing, hunting, travel, birdwatching, gardening, music and paintingare some of the pursuits they have foundadded time to enjoy. Edward Mielke,of Appleton, Wisconsin is devoting muchtime to his tree farm, a field in which hehas become a recognized authority.Those members of the class who wereunable to attend the Reunion sent greet­ings to their classmates. Franklin Far­man wrote: "It has been a privilege tobe a member of the great class of 1917of the illustrious school of Rush and also to be included as an alumnus of The Uni­versity of Chicago." Benjamin Hager,emeritus clinical professor of urology atthe University of Southern California,observed: "... Fifty years seems a longtime and on looking back, I feel that Ipracticed in the 'Golden Age' of medi­cine. In retrospect the span was shortand very pleasant."Copies of their classmates' biographi­cal notes and individual testimonialawards were sent to the following mem­bers of the class who were unable tojoin us at the Reunion:George H. Anderson, Spokane.Leland L. Bull, Seattle.William J. Butler, Tucson.Roger M. Choisser, Washington, D.C.Olaf H. Christoffersen, Seattle.Benjamin J. Clawson, Minneapolis.John B. Doyle, Los Angeles.Franklin Farman, Lakewood, Calif.Benjamin B. Grichter, Albuquerque.Benjamin H. Hager, Palm Desert,Calif.Ethel R. Harrington, Los Angeles.Herman A. Heise, Milwaukee.William D. Inlow, Shelbyville, Ind.John J. Ireland, Chicago.Yngve Joranson, Tovares, Fla.Eva Frazer Johnson, Eugene, Ore.Henry Curtis Johnson, Eugene, Ore.Berthold S. Kennedy, Anna Marie,Fla.Raymond B. Kepner, Indianapolis.Max M. Kulvin, Miami.Yale N. Levinson, Miami Beach.Julian H. Lewis, Chicago.Edward F. Mielke, Appleton, Wis.Fred N. Nause, Sheboygan, Wis.John H. Nichols, Oberlin, Ohio.Marie Ortmayer, Carmel, Calif.Samuel J. Pearlman, Los Angeles.Charles A. Robins, Lewiston, Idaho.K. Frances Scott, Northampton,Mass.Bertha M. Shafer, La Grange Park,Ill.Leland C. Shafer, La Grange Park.Maurice J. Sherman, Chicago.Dwight C. Sigworth, Long Beach,Calif.Frederick W. Slobe, Largo, Fla.Nicholas C. Stam, Eau Gallie, Fla.Richard Torpin, Augusta, Ga.John W. Visher, Evansville, Ind.Edward Henry Warszewski, Chi-cago.Arthur M. Washburn, Little Rock,Ark.PROFILE OF THE MEDICAL CLASS OF 1970On Wednesday, September 28, 1966,the seventy-three members of the enter­ing medical class assembled on our cam­pus for the first time. They came fromtheir homes in nineteen different states,as well as Canada, Ghana and Nigeria.Twenty-five of the students were fromIllinois and ten more came from othermidwestern states. The following tablegives general information regarding theselection of the class of 1970:Total number of applicants .Total number in entering class .Number of foreign students .Total number of men 0 ••Single 00.00 •• 0000000000000 •• 0Married 0000 •••••• 0.00.0.0 •••Married with children. 0 0 • 0 ••••(2 children)Total number of women .. 0 • • • • • 9Single 0 •• 0 ••• 00.0 ••• 0 •• 0 •• 0.0 91075733645851The total number of applicants forthis class was about ten per cent belowthat for last year's class, but the qualityof the applicant pool remained equallyhigh.The seventy-three students in the en­tering medical class, including the for­eign students, received their under­graduate education in the followingforty-five American colleges and univer­sities:Augustana C., Ill.Barnard C., N.Y.Brigham Young U., UtahU. of California, BerkeleyCalvin C., Mich.Carroll C., MontanaU. of Chicago (10)Columbia U. (2)U. of ConnecticutCornell U. (2)Dartmouth C.U.ofDenverDrake U., IowaEarlham C., Ind.Florida State U.Fordham U.Franklin & Marshall C., Pa.Goshen C., Ind.Hanover C., Ind.Harvard C. (3)U. of Dlinois, Urbana (7)U. of Dlinois, ChicagoLebanon Valley C., Pa.Loyola U., ChicagoMacMurray C., Ill.Massachusetts Institute ofTechnologyMcGill U., Montreal (2)U. of MichiganMichigan State U. (2)New York U.Oberlin C.Occidental C., Calif. (2) Ohio State U. (2)U. of Pennsylvania (3)U. of PittsburghPomona C., Calif.Princeton U. (3)Rutgers U., N.J.San Diego C. for WomenSt. Procopius Co, Ill.Stanford U.Swarthmore C., Pa. (2)U. of VermontWestern Reserve U.Yale U.The average age of the entering classwas close to twenty-two years, andsixty-one members of the group weretwenty-two years old or younger. Theage range for this class was a ratherbroad one. The youngest student wasnineteen years of age when he began hismedical studies, whereas the oldest enter­ing student was a Ph.D., who at thirty­three years of age was married and hadtwo children.In selecting this class, the Committeeon Admissions, as is always its policy,considered very seriously each appli­cant's non-scholastic attributes in addi­tion to his scholastic achievements andpotential. In the final analysis, however,of the seventy-three entering students,none bad a college grade average belowB - and sixty possessed grade averagesof B+ or better. For the entire class,the composite college grade average wasB+, and forty-one of the entering classmembers bad graduated from collegewith honors, while nineteen were electedto Phi Beta Kappa. Seventy-one of themembers of the class had earned abachelor's degree in some college or uni­versity. Three of these had also earnedan M.S. degree, and one had earned hisPh.D. degree (in genetics) before enter­ing medical school. The other two classmembers had fulfilled their premedicalrequirements in three years' time with­out receiving a bachelor's degree. On theMedical College Admissions Test, whichis required of all medical applicants, theentering freshman medical class as agroup scored high above the nationalaverage, and almost as high as lastyear's entering class, which has the dis­tinction of having the highest scores ofany entering medical class at the Uni­versity of Chicago since the inceptionof the examination over fifteen yearsago. On the basis of their performanceson the MCAT, the entering freshmanmedical students were easily in the top ten per cent of all medical applicants inthe country last year.Since each applicant is considered onhis own merits by the Committee on Ad­missions, it is not surprising to learnthat the family backgrounds of the en­tering students are varied and interest­ing. Eleven come from alumni families,and in one of these instances, both par­ents are University of Chicago alumni.In four instances, the father was a medi­cal school graduate; in three other cases,the parent received a master's degree,and the remaining five alumni parentsattended our undergraduate college. Sixmembers of the class of 1970 comefrom families where one or both parentshave less than a high school education.At the other extreme of the academicspectrum, forty-six of the students comefrom families where one or both parentsare college graduates.As might also be expected, the occu­pations of the fathers of the enteringfreshmen represent a cross section of theprofessions, industry and labor. In­cluded in this group are eight doctors,five engineers, three college professors,two dentists, two teachers, three law­yers, a judge and a school principal. Inaddition, the fathers include a wide vari­ety of businessmen, merchants, officeworkers and laborers. Similarly, thirty­four of the mothers have careers in addi­tion to that of housewife and mother.Fourteen are school teachers, five aresecretaries, three bookkeepers and twolibrarians. The remainder include aphysician, social worker, cook, dietician,speech therapist, psychometrist, hotelhostess, saleslady, nurse and an insur­ance agent.The University of Chicago School ofMedicine bas been fortunate to attracteach year an outstanding entering medi­cal class. The class of 1970 bas alreadyproved tbat it measures up to the stand­ards of previous classes.Joseph CeithamlDean of StudentsBiological SciencesPICTURE CREDITS:James Becker-pp. 2, 17 (Chivers, Foran,Kanter, Lebensohn, M oncreifl, Schlomo­vitz); Ron Dorfman-p. 18 (Dor/mans) ,p. 19 (Schuknecht and Talmage), back cov­er; Root Photographers-pp. 3, 17 (Lyonand Margolis), p. 18 (Julian), pp. 19, 20(Jenkins and Sjoerdsma), p. 21.M E 0 I CAL A l U M NIB U II E TIN 23VOL. 22 SPRING 1967 No.2SENIORS STAND FOR READING OF THE HIPPOCRATIC OATH BULLETIN "of the Alumni AssociationThe University of ChicagoSCHOOL OF MEDICINEDIVISION OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES950 East 59th Street Chicago. Illinois 60637EDITORIAL BOARDJESSIE BURNS MACLEAN. SecretaryWRIGHT ADAMS HUBERTA LIVINGSTONELOUIS COHEN PETER V. MOULDERROBERT J. HASTERLIK WALTER L. PALMERSIDNEY SCHULMAN