NOTES AND COMMENTAs the medical center expands, as newwings, new hospitals and new laboratoriesare added, the shape of the building com­plex alters and the architectural stylechanges. Some of the older additions,Goldblatt Memorial Hospital, ArgonneCancer Research Hospital, the WestWing, and the new Armour Wing are al­ready a familiar and integral part of theexperience of our more recent alumni.And there is no doubt that the newWyler Children's Hospital and the pro­jected Biological Sciences Library will,in years to come, contribute their shareto the experience and memories of futurealumni. Construction of the new CentralAnimal Quarters began in April. A newsurgery wing connecting Abbott and Bill­ings and matching the architectural styleof other recent additions has beenplanned. The court between the originalmedical school buildings, biochemistryand physiology on the north and thepathology and surgery entrances to Bill­ings on the south would be closed on theeast by the new construction. So, in aspirit of frank nostalgia, we set out tophotograph our stone faces-the archi­tectural sculpture that ornaments theoriginal buildings. Archie Lieberman'sphotographs are reproduced here onpages 1 through 13, along with an articleby Arno Luckhardt, Rush '12, identify­ing the faces and explaining the reasonsfor their selection. Dr. Luckhardt's de-2 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN scription was first published in volume13 of The University Record, 1927. Thebusts of Trousseau and Sydenham andthe tablets representing Aesculapius andHygeia were lost when the new NorthWing was added at the old court entranceto the department of medicine, and al­though it is unlikely that more of thesculpture will be obliterated it seems agood time, in the midst of constructionand expansion, to take a look at thenucleus of the medical school and at thefaces which are part of the tradition ofall our alumni.The Biomedical Career Conferencehas proved to be a durable project; theone to be held in the fall of 1966 will bethe eighth. Because of the interest ofthe students and teachers who attend, be­cause of the enthusiasm and cooperationof the faculty in presenting demonstra­tions and programs, and because of thecreativity and planning of each year'sfaculty director, the Conferences con­tinue to have a freshness and originalitythat makes it certain they will, in someform, continue as an important activityof the Medical Alumni. The 1963 Con­ference was covered in detail in a recentBulletin and from time to time we willpresent full reports on some of the futureones. On the last four pages of this issuewe bring you up to date with a story anda few pictures of the '64 and '65 Confer­ences. Students entering Bil­lings through AbbottArch. The new CentralAnimal Quarters will beconstruded under thepresent courtyard.The idea of a Medical Alumni Daywas initiated by M. Edward Davis,Rush '22, during his tenure as presidentof the Alumni Association, 1962-63. Thepapers from that first program wereprinted in the Bulletin with Archie'scandid photographs of the participants.From the papers presented at the SecondMedical Alumni Day, we published Dr.Davis' article in the last issue of theBulletin and in this we print RichardJones' paper. In subsequent issues wewill publish other papers from that sameprogram. Presentations made at the thirdMedical Alumni Day were printed inPostgraduate Medicine in June, 1965.These postgraduate seminars for alum­ni were one facet of the medical school'sinvolvement in the field of continuingmedical education. Members of the fac­ulty have long participated in the localprograms sponsored by the Illinois Medi­cal Association, the Chicago Medical So­ciety, the Illinois Academy of GeneralPractice, and in conferences arranged bythe various specialty societies and thenational associations. Because of a grow­ing concern with the need for postgrad­uate medical training and in an effort tomake the school's educational facilitiesavailable to all physicians in the Chicagoarea, the Committee on ContinuingMedical Education was established in1965. It inaugurated a new series of post­graduate seminars known as "Frontiersof Medicine." A short history and de­scription of this new program will befound on page 23.THE PHYSIOLOGY BUILDINGA DESCRIPTION OF THE PRINCIPAL CARVEDHISTORICAL FIGURESBvARNOB.LUCKHARDTThe Physiology Building as seen from the north (Fifty-eighth Streetfront) is impressive but can hardly be said to be particularly beautiful.The abundant windows give it the appearance of a modern factory. Itsstraight walls are devoid of any ornamentation. On closer approach,however, one notices on its walls the seals of the University of Chicagoand of Rush Medical College cut in stone and placed to the right and leftof the arch of the tunnel through which one passes on to the court be­tween the physiological group of buildings and the medical group proper.Before passing through the tunnel attention ought to be given to thebeautiful representations in stone of some of the common laboratory ani­mals used in physiological research which embellish the arch throughwhich one first enters. Passing to the center of the court, one sees thatthe court aspect of the physiological group is far more ornamental thanthe street aspect of that structure.The selection of ornamental tablets and busts of distinguished phys­iologists of the past was made on the basis of the following considera­tions: (I) There should be an international representation in the choiceof illustrious men and universities made prominent by illustrious scien­tific men j (2) the men whose busts were chosen to ornament the build­ings were to represent pioneers in particular fields of physiological en­deavor j (3) a few men of national or local prominence were added inexpression of appreciation of our particular national, international, orlocal medical indebtedness to them.Looking at the court aspect of the physiological group one sees alarge English Gothic arch quite high above an ornamental balcony. Abust of William Harvey forms the keystone to this arch. At its base tothe left is a bust of Calude Bernard, and to the right one of Carl Lud­wig. Certainly, the importance of these three scientists to physiologicaland medical science will be questioned by no one. Incidentally, they rep­resent, according to the scheme alluded to above, the foremost investiga­tors of England, France, and Germany, respectively, in physiological andmedical science. One observes also two busts over the court entrance of247THE UNIVERSITY RECORDphysiological chemistry. They are of Lavoisier and Emil Fischer. Thework of the former in establishing the importance of oxidation in livingprocesses cannot be overestimated. The latter is honored chiefly for hismonumental work in elucidating the chemistry of our foodstuffs, partic­ularly the proteins and the sugars.Before the court entrance to physiology, above the entrance, onenotes busts of Frans Cornelis Donders (Holland) and William Beau­mont (America). The former is honored for his important contributionsto our knowledge of vision; the latter for his scientific zeal in attemptingto elucidate the physiology and pathological physiology of gastric secre­tion and hunger. The seven busts on this building represent, then, notonly men from different nations (England, France, Germany, Holland,and America), but pioneers in physiological research. Higher up on thebuilding are a number of tablets representing the seals of the universitiesof Padua, Leyden, St. Petersburg (I'etrograd), Berlin, Paris, am! Cam­bridge.Returning again to the court, but facing the south, we are before themain entrance to the building devoted to pathology, with the court en­trances to the departments of medicine and surgery at the extreme leftand right ends of the building. There are six tablets in honor of illus­trious men and also of Hippocrates and Galen. Between these are tabletsin honor of l\1orgagni and John Hunter (Italian and English), and to thefounders of modern bacteriology and cellular pathology, Louis Pasteurand Rudolf Virchow (French and German).Over the court entrance to the Department of Surgery are symbol­ical tablets indicating that modern surgery owes its success to anesthesiaand asepsis. To the right and left are busts of Ambroise Pare and Bill­roth, respectively, to whose scientific attitude and technic modern sur­gery is so much indebted. To the right and above, there is the bustacknowledging indebtedness to Lord Lister for the introduction of mod­ern asepsis into the practice of surgery. To the left a bust of ChristianFenger indicates our gratitude to this local pioneer who introduced thescientific principles of modern surgery and pathology into the Chicagocommunity and was the apt teacher of the older generation of Chicagosurgeons. In the corners of the niche near the court entrance to the De­partment of Surgery are busts of Benjamin Rush, American clinician,signer of the Declaration nf Independence, and Edward Jenner, founderof the practice of active immunization, as exemplified by vaccinationagainst smallpox.The court entrance to the Department of Medicine bears symbolicalTIlE PIIl'SIOLOGY BUILDING 249tablets showing Aesculapius with his daughter Hygcia and the veneratedsnake, and the chemical symbol of the benzene nucleus representing sym­bolically the thought that modern medicine expects much from hygiene(preventive medicine) and chemotherapy (synthetic chemistry as op­posed to exclusively empirical therapeutics). Above these tablets arebusts of Trousseau and Sydcnham, master French and English cliniciansof the past, and in the corner of the niche to the left, the heads of RobertKoch, founder, with Pasteur, of modern medical bacteriology, and of SirWilliam Osler, great Canadian and American scholar and educator.No apology is offered in justification of the selection of the distin­guished scientists and clinicans-whose memory is here commemorated bytablets and busts. It is furthermore certain that no two individualswould ever select precisely the same list of men even if the selection wererestricted by the arbitrary considerations, mentioned above, which di­rected the present choice. On the other hand, it seems probable thatmost of the men selected would appear in every list irrespective of thelines of choice.CHOLESTEROL AND CORONARY DISEASEIt was 1905 when Anitschkow first re­ported that rabbits, on a diet includingcholesterol, could develop lesions in theartery wall similar to those seen in hu­man arteriosclerosis. In 1941 Hirsch andWeinhouse of Chicago showed that lipidin the atherosclerotic plaques of humanshad a great similarity to the lipids of theplasma and suggested that they arosefrom the plasma. Ever since this timethings have not been quite the same.Even though the price of eggs may nothave dropped appreciably, it is true thatthe egg industry has found it necessaryto advertise on the radio, the dairy in­dustry has taken to the billboards, andsome wit has even suggested that weshould send all our butter to Russia-orbetter, China. Today I would like to re­view some of the newer knowledge ofcholesterol as it is related to athero­sclerosis and try to place it in perspec­tive.I would first point out that the forma­tion of the atheroma in the artery wall isonly the first step in the course of thedisease and probably starts early in life.This goes, on, of course, for a long pe­riod of time, until the plaque enlarges,becomes ischemic and necrotic, and fi­nally ulcerates. At this point, if notearlier, thrombosis may set in. If thethrombus is massive enough, occlusionof the artery develops. It is the occlusiveprocess which causes symptoms, and asclinicians we see this at a time quite re­mote from the formation of the athero­ma. Thus, we should bear in mind thatthe correlates of clinical manifestationsmay not be the same as those of athero­ma formation.Another point worth making is thatcholesterol has probably received somuch attention because, until recently,it was more easily and precisely meas­ured than other lipids. In fact, it mayyet be that some other lipid is more im­portant to this disease than cholesterol,but because of greater difficulty in itsdetermination we are, as yet, unable topin-point the association.The cholesterol as it travels in theblood actually exists in the form of Iipo­proteins where it is aggregated withmolecules of fat, phospholipid and pro­tein. There are several classes of such14 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN By RICHARD J. JONESMedicineDelivered on Medical Alumni Day, October 16, 1963JONESlipoproteins and it may be that one ofthem is more critical to the disease for­mation than cholesterol as a whole. This,of course, was the thesis of John Gofman,who started investigating the relative im­portance of one of these lipoproteinssome fifteen years ago. I propose to showthat there is still some reason to creditthis thesis, with some modifications.In the normal situation the plasma isthought to filter through the intima intothe media carrying its burden of pro­teins and lipoproteins which get pickedup in the venules and the lymphatics ofthe media to be drained off into the ad­ventitial vessels. In hyperlipemia aheavier concentration of lipoproteins iscarried in the plasma and tends to accu­mulate just beneath the intima: i.e. theyarrive faster than they can be removed.Of course, we must not forget that weare dealing with a localized, patchy dis­ease. In order to develop any theory ofatheroma formation, we must considerthe importance of local factors, such asa thickened intima, which can impede thepassage of a normal concentration oflipoproteins. Thus the lipid, which foranatomic, metabolic or chemical reasonshas difficulty getting through the arterywall, is retained in the subintima. Of course, the situation is actuallymuch more complex than the above de­scription would suggest. From recentelectron micrographic studies we knowthat the normal epithelium probablycontains no channel by which plasmacan filter into the media. If it does getinto the artery wall through the epi­thelium, lipoproteins must pass throughthe cell itself, by molecular transfer orby pinocytosis, unless disruption of theintima occurs. In studies of the epithe­lium of rabbits fed cholesterol, FrankParker* has shown the appearance in thesubintima of increasing numbers of cellswhich have the characteristics of smoothmuscle cells. As the feeding of choles­terol is continued, these cells accumulatein the subintima in progressively largernumbers and become packed with fatglobules appearing as vacuoles until,after several weeks, the cells have large­ly lost their usual cytoplasmic structure.The interesting thing is that theselipid vacuoles are first seen in the cell:no one has been able to find any extra­cellular lipid in this early stage. Thelipid must get into the cell in a solubleform which does not appear in the earlyelectron micrographs, but as the lipidload of the smooth muscle cell increasescellular metabolism becomes impaired.Because of the increased cellular popu­lation in this region, and the distortionof the intracellular organelles, these cellsthen do not receive enough oxygenor the necessary substrates for existence:the cell ruptures. The lipid then becomesextravasated and deposited in a pre­sumably irreversible fashion in the ex­tracellular space of the artery wall.Many pathologists now feel that it is atthis point that the atherosclerotic plaquebecomes irreversible and a fibrotic re­sponse begins. It is in this manner thatcholesterol may ultimately appear ascrystalline material in the plaque.Enzymologists have shown that thereare a good many lipid-splitting enzymesin the vicinity of the plaque: lipases,* Frank Parker: "Fine Structure of theAtheroma in the Experimental Animal" inEvolution oj the Atherosclerotic Plaque.Edited by Richard J. Jones, University ofChicago Press, 1964, Chicago.phospholipases, esterases, and the like.Some feel that there is an increased con­centration of some of these enzymes atthat site. This means that, as theseplaque lipids accumulate, they could pre­sumably be broken down into smallerdiffusible molecules. The only lipid forwhich no degrading enzyme has beenfound in the neighborhood of the plaqueis cholesterol. This may explain why,when the experimental animal has beenfed cholesterol for several weeks and anucleus of cholesterol has been de­posited in the artery wall, the amount ofthat deposit is not reduced by allowingthe animal to return to a normal diet,even after six months. In other words, itappears that the cholesterol, once it getsinto the artery wall, is not easily dissi­pated, as are the phospholipids and neu­tral fats, but stays on without any dimi­nution in its concentration for a periodof months and perhaps years.One way of attacking the question ofwhether the plasma lipid may relate tothe plaque lipid is to make a chemicalcomparison of the lipid constituents ofthe various lipoproteins and the plaquelipid. This has been done in Fig. 1, wherewe have taken data from the literature.Here you see the constituents of the redcells, the whole serum, the chylomicrons,the Alpha-, the Beta, and the heavydensity Alpha! lipoproteins, and the lasttwo bars represent the plaque lipids. Thelatter have about 20 per cent neutral fat,less phospholipid and 60-70 per centcholesterol of which about two-thirds isin the ester form. If we compare theAlpha, lipoproteins to this they containfar too much cholesterol and too littleneutral fat. The Beta lipoprotein has toomuch phospholipid, compared to theplaque. The Alpha., has a little too muchneutral fat, perhaps, and the chylomic­ron has much too much.Since we have already recognized thatneutral fat and phospholipids undergometabolic transformation in the arterywall perhaps the more valuable compari­son should be the ratio of esterified tofree cholesterol. When this is examinedthere is a fairly consistent agreementamong several authors that the ester: freeratio of the plaque cholesterol rangesbetween 1.3 and 1.8 or 1.9. If we nowcompare these with the ratios in plasmalipoproteins, the average ester: free cho­lesterol ratio in the Alpha , lipoproteinsis about 1.43, which happens also to bethe average value derived from the lit­erature for plaque lipid. Beta, has amuch higher ratio, and the Alpha, lipo­proteins are still higher. 100NEUTRAL FATPHOSPHOLIPIDoa......J....J 50<tI-oI- CHOLESTEROLESTERSFREECHOLESTEROLoPLAQUELIPIDSFig. 1. Proportions of various lipid classes in (left to right) red blood cells; whole serum;chylomicron fraction; low density Alpha21 Betall heavy density Alpha! (HDL2) and Alpha!(HDL3) lipoproteins; and two reports indicating plaque lipids.If we are to preserve this infiltrationtheory, then, we must acknowledge thatsome of the phospholipid and perhapstriglyceride escapes to leave the free andesterified cholesterol in about the sameproportions. Other evidence of our ownhas led Dr. Louis Cohen and me to feelthat perhaps the Alpha , lipoprotein isreally the most critical in terms of coro­nary disease. In Fig. 2 you see the individual valuesfor the lipoprotein cholesterol in a com­parison of 44 normal subjects with 31patients with coronary disease. In theselipoproteins, the mean level of totalserum cholesterol (the amount of choles­terol per hundred ml serum) of the Betacholesterol is higher in the coronary dis­ease patients than in the normal subjects.The cholesterol from the Alpha. lipopro-SERUM AND SERUM LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL IN HEALTH (0)AND IN CORONARY ARTERIAL DISEASE (')BETA ALPHASERUM425�Z1&.1I0IX: 0 01&.1 8 t.IL. 90 00(I) a:. 0 I 80:a � •• fb • % �3 �4( --t- •• 80 70 08IX: t • 8 ___aL_ Jlo Ia'(!) : ••• 0 I •� ... • •• o§o 60 -4- ·� • 00 I:... 0 .,O��% -t-2 ... � � I 502 ijg<' � ",,, U. 40 � B ••• 00 l-175 0 ��o ,0 8 30 §�150 0 o� 8 •0 •125 •• 20"IN EXCESS 45 58 47 84 42 68 50 50� MEAN NORMALFig. 2. Comparison of whole serum and serum lipoprotein cholesterol values in 44 healthysubjects (0) and 31 coronary artery disease subjects (.). The horizontal lines indicate meanvalues for each group. The figure beneath each group indicates the percentage of individ­uals in that group which lie above the mean of the healthy group.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 15SERUM AND SERlA1 LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL IN EIGHTEENMATCHED PAIRS OF HEALTHY (0) AND CORONARY DISEASE (') SUBJECTSSERUM ALPHA2 BETA ALPHAI360 903 � 70 80•3 60 70;;L •••300 0SO 60 ---go-. :: •••••• 00 •••280 4 SO (l00 --00 • ••00 •.. I·• •000 • •30 � -0- 40• ,<b000020 0 · 300 • o�o'b ..0 00010 20•"IN E SO 4!1 SO 89 39 so 39 89(�)MEAN NORMALFig. 3. 18 of the subjects from each of the two groups in Fig. 2 matched with regardto sex and proximity of age and cholesterol level. The symbols are the same as in Fig. 2.teins reaches about the same concentra­tion in both.These large groups were not very wellmatched originally, so we selected eight­een of these patients with whom wecould pair controls in the normal groupwhich could be matched for age, sex, andwhole serum cholesterol level. As you seein Fig. 3, the mean serum cholesterol isnow identical in the two groups yet wesee a fairly large difference in the meanAlphaj, a much smaller difference in theBeta, and a difference in the oppositedirection in the Alpha. lipoprotein. If weexpress this as percentage difference, thechange was much greater in Alpha- thanin Alpha. and the former is the only dif­ference which was statistically signifi­cant.The possibility that the Alpha-, lipo­protein of plasma may be the most im­portant atherogen, more important thanthe whole serum cholesterol or than anyof the other lipoproteins, is particularlyimportant because it differs from theother lipoproteins in its response to diet­ary or medicinal treatment.Let us consider finally what some ofthe treatments advocated for hypercho­lesteremia will do to the four lipoproteincategories under discussion. The chylo­micron level can be diminished by plac­ing the patient on a low fat or a lowcalorie diet or by administration of16 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN heparin, which stimulates lipoproteinlipase activity. The Alpha , lipoproteinlevel is reduced on a low carbohydrate orlow calorie diet and is not affected by theamount of animal fat in the diet. TheBeta lipoprotein is reduced by a low ani­mal fat diet, a low calorie diet, thyroidderivatives, sitosterol, and Mer 29-allof which affect the Beta lipoprotein al­most exclusive of any effect on the AI­phaj, The only exception to this apparentdisparity is the estrogen compounds andAtromid, and perhaps nicotinic acid,which do seem to have some effect on theAlpha., as well as the Beta lipoproteins.When medical students were examinedat the time of their final examinations, itwas found that the Alpha, lipoproteinlevel rose abruptly at the time of theexamination. Conversely, we suspect thatsedation decreases the serum level ofAlpha, lipoprotein.The Alpha., or heavy density, lipopro­teins do not seem to be affected by dietor by any of the drugs that have beenused, with the exception of the sex hor­mones. The administration of estrogeniccompounds increases the concentrationof heavy density serum lipoproteins,while it decreases the level of low densitylipoproteins.In conclusion, we can say that choles­terol is a serious thing once an excessgets into the arterial wall because it pro- CARLSON LECTURESir Peter Brian Medawar, Director ofthe National Institute for Medical Re­search of Great Britain, delivered thesixth annual Anton J. Carlson MemorialLecture on March 14.Sir Peter, one of the world's outstand­ing biologists, spoke on "Some RecentAdvances in the Study of Transplanta­tion." In 1960, he shared the NobelPrize in Medicine with Sir MacfarlaneBurnet for their discovery 'of the phe­nomena described as "acquired immuno­logical tolerance."CANCER SERIESA series of nine weekly conferences onthe methods used in the diagnosis andtreatment of the most common forms ofcancer was held during the Winter Quar­ter. It was presented as part of the Uni­versity's Cancer Training Program whichis supported by a grant from the UnitedStates Public Health Service and is di­rected by Robert W. Wissler, '49, pro­fessor and chairman of the departmentof pathology. John Van Prohaska, '34,professor of surgery, was moderator forthe series which began January 7 andcontinued on successive Fridays throughMarch 11.Each conference was devoted to theproblems involved in cancer found at aparticular body site. Case presentationby a member of the faculty was followedby a discussion in which a panel offaculty members participated.A series on cancer research is an an­nual feature of the Training Program andis open to all physicians, teachers andstudents from other institutions who wishto attend.vokes a fibrous reaction and seems to beheld with great tenacity at that site. Sofar as the present data permits us todraw any conclusion, it is probably thelipid most constantly associated withatherosclerosis. The cholesterol of theplaque is almost certainly derived fromthe blood, and whether it gets there inlipoprotein form or in some more frag­mented form has yet to he finally estab­lished. We think that the evidence,though still inconclusive, suggests thatit is the Alpha , lipoprotein which is mostimportant in atherogenesis. The questionof whether this Alpha, lipoprotein is, infact, the atherogenic lipid is a crucialone, because of the important implica­tions this may have in the rational ther­apy of this disease.NEW APPOINTMENTSFREEDMANDaniel X. Freedman, professor ofpsychiatry at Yale University School ofMedicine, will become professor andchairman of the psychiatry departmenton July 1.Dr. Freedman was a member of theclass of 1943 at Harvard College andafter war service in the Infantry and inthe Medical Corps as a clinical psycholo­gist, returned to Harvard for premedicaltraining and entered the Yale UniversitySchool of Medicine from which he grad­uated in 1951. Following a year's intern­ship in pediatrics at Yale's Grace-NewHaven Community Hospital, he con­tinued there as a resident in psychiatry.He was appointed instructor in 1955,assistant professor in 1958, associate pro­fessor in 1961, and professor in 1964. In1957 and 1958 he was a guest worker atthe National Institute of Mental Healthand from 1957 to 1965 was a career in­vestigator for the Institute. He hasserved as an attending psychiatrist atGrace-New Haven Community Hospitaland as a consulting psychiatrist for theU.S. Army, the National Institute ofMental Health, the West Haven Vet­erans Administration Hospital, the YalePsychiatric Institute and for private hos­pitals in the New Haven area. He hasalso been a member of the psychophar­macology study section and the commit­tee on clinical drug evaluation of the Na­tional Institutes of Health. He is a fellow in the American Col­lege of Neuropsychopharmacology and amember of the Western New EnglandPsychoanalytic Society. Apart from psy­chiatric societies, he is a fellow of theAmerican Society for Pharmacology andExperimental Therapeutics and theAmerican Association for the Advance­ment of Science.Dr. Freedman is co-author of the recentpublication, The Theory and Practiceo]: Psychiatry (Basic Books) and has anestablished reputation as an outstandingclinical psychiatrist. He is also the authorof more than fifty articles in the field ofpsychopharmacology, his research spe­cialty. In this area, he has been primarilyconcerned with studying the effects onbrain function and on behavior patternsof the psychotomimetic drugs, LSD-25,mescaline, and psilocybin. His laboratoryresearch has shown that there are spe­cific substances in the brain which areaffected by these drugs and this hasraised the question as to whether or notthese normal body substances are in­volved in naturally occurring psychiatricdisorders. The question has been under­lined by his further discovery that vari­ous stress situations affect similar brainsystems in animals. These studies havethus defined an area for research thatwill be further explored by Dr. Freed­man and other investigators in the gen­eral field of neurobiology and psycho­pharmacology .The Freedmans are in the process ofhome-hunting in Chicago and hope tohave this problem solved before Dr.Freedman takes up his new duties inJuly. Mrs. Freedman is a graduate of theYale School of Design and teaches paint­ing and art history at the Day-ProspectSchool in New Haven. Dr. Freedmanshares his wife's interest in art and musicand admits to having once played out­moded jazz piano exclusively for his ownenjoyment.Mark M. Ravitch was named profes­sor of surgery and chief of the section ofpediatric surgery on November 1, 1965.Before coming to Chicago, he was pro­fessor of surgery at Johns Hopkins Uni­versity and chief of surgery at BaltimoreCity Hospital.Dr. Ravitch took his A.B. degree in RAVITCH1930 from the University of Oklahoma,his M.D. from Johns Hopkins in 1934,continued there for his internship andresidency and, except for two interrup­tions, has been a member of the surgicalstaff at Hopkins since his graduation.From 1942 to 1946 he was a Major inthe United States Army and from 1952to 1956 served as director of the surgerydepartment of Mount Sinai Hospital inN ew York. While there, he held an ap­pointment as clinical professor of surg­ery at Columbia University.Dr. Ravitch is recognized internation­ally as an authority in the field of pedi­atric surgery and has an outstanding rep­utation as a teacher, investigator andclinician. He has published over onehundred papers in his field of specializa­tion, is chairman of the editorial board ofCurrent Problems In Surgery, editor ofthe pediatric surgery section of Surgery,editor of the Pediatric Surgery M ono­graph series, and one of the editors of thetwo-volume text, Pediatric Surgery.His professional affiliations include theSociety of Vascular Surgeons, the Soci­ety of University Surgeons, the AmericanSurgical Association, the American Asso­ciation for Thoracic Surgery, the Ameri­can College of Surgeons, and the Ameri­can Academy of Pediatrics. He is a mem­ber of A.O.A.In working with the problem of intes­tinal obstructions in children, Dr. Ra-ME 0 I CAL A l U M N I 8 U II E TIN 17NEW APPOINTMENTSvitch has established, both in the labora­tory and in the clinic, the indications forthe safe reduction of intussusception bybarium enema, allowing 65 to 75 per centof affected babies to escape operation.Dr. Ravitch has been concerned withimproving surgical techniques for cor­recting congenital chest deformities earlyin childhood, thus allowing children togrow as normally as possible. He hasbeen particularly interested in develop­ing operative methods to cure the condi­tion of funnel chest which produces con­spicuous deformity and occasionally af­fects the thoracic organs. A large experi­ence with this relatively common mal­formation has led to substantial knowl­edge of a variety of less usual deformi­ties of the sternum-pigeon breast,sternal fissure, and a wide variety of in­stances in which ribs or portions of ver­tebrae are missing. He has found manyof these conditions to be correctablethrough imaginative surgical procedures.For the past seven or eight years, Dr.Ravitch has had a special interest in theuse and development of methods ofmechanical suturing in surgery. This be­gan on a trip to Russia when he had anopportunity to study instruments devisedby the Russians and has continued witha wide range of applications in thoracicand abdominal surgery.Dr. Ravitch will be moving to hisquarters in the new Silvain and ArmaWyler Children's Hospital within thenext few months. He and his wife are al­ready settled into their apartment nearthe University and are looking forwardto spending part of the summer in theirhome at Martha's Vineyard. Mrs. Ra­vitch is a graduate of the ColumbiaSchool of Journalism but almost im­mediately transferred her interest andhas had an active career in the field ofsocial work. Dr. Ravitch says that prob­ably his principal hobby is the one mostallied to his work; he likes to collect oldmedical textbooks.George Eisenman was appointed pro­fessor of physiology on July 1, 1965. Hereceived his A.B. degree in biology fromHarvard College in 1949 and his M.D.from Harvard Medical School in 1953.He remained at Harvard as research fel­low and research associate until 1956when he became permanent senior staff18 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN EISENMANscientist at Eastern Pennsylvania Psy­chiatric Institute. He was named asso­ciate professor of physiology at the Uni­versity of Utah College of Medicine in1962, the position he held just prior tojoining our faculty. During the summersof 1963 and 1964, Dr. Eisenman was avisiting professor at the Institute ofPhysics at the University of Genoa,Italy, and since 1962 has been a con­sultant on fundamental research for theComing Glass Works. During his medi­cal school days he was a NationalScholar, was elected to A.O.A. in 1952,and in 1953 was the recipient of theMaimonides Award. He is a member ofthe American Physiological Society andof the Biophysical Society. In 1964, heserved as chairman of the first GordonResearch Conference on Ionic Motionsand Interactions in Biological, Chemical,and Physical Phenomena.Dr. Eisenman's special research inter­est is in the mechanism by which ionsand other solutes cross biological mem­branes. In 1957, he and his associatesdiscovered that chemical modifications Inthe composition of the glass electrodemade it selectively sensitive to variouscations in addition to the hydrogen ion.This has made it possible to measure po­tassium and sodium ions selectively withglass electrodes. In subsequent studies,Dr. Eisenman has been able to determine the origin of the glass electrode potentialas well as the mechanism by which itdiscriminates between various cations. Incurrent investigations, he is attemptingto determine the mechanism by which asimilar ion discrimination takes place inthe living cell. By working with simplecations and reducing biologic-phenomenato a physical substrate, he and his col­leagues are developing theories of ionpermeation through non-living mem­branes of sufficient structural complexityto approach that in biological systems.He hopes his research will contribute suf­ficiently to the understanding of ion per­meation to help eventually in deducingthe as yet unidentified mechanism bywhich ions cross biological membranes.Dr. and Mrs. Eisenman and their twoyoung sons are living in the Kenwoodarea just north of the campus and he re­ports that they are enjoying the Univer­sity environment immensely. Mrs. Eisen­man plays the piano and harpsichord,and they are both interested in art col­lecting.John H. Law was appointed profes­sor in the department of biochemistry inAugust, 1965. A native of Cleveland, hereceived his B.S. degree from Case Insti­tute of Technology in 1953 and his Ph.D.in biochemistry from the University ofIllinois in 1957. He held National Sci­ence Foundation Fellowships both atIllinois, from 1954 to 1956, and at Har­vard from 1957 to 1958 where he workedwith Konrad Bloch. During the follow­ing year, he was an instructor at North­western University and in 1959 returnedto Harvard as a member of the chemistrydepartment faculty. He remained thereuntil joining our staff last fall. His pro­fessional affiliations include the Societyof Biological Chemists, the AmericanChemical Society, and the American So­ciety for Microbiology.Mr. Law is the author or co-author ofmore than thirty research papers in thefield of biochemistry. He is well knownfor his outstanding work on the biochem­istry of lipids. This has involved researchon the mechanism of enzyme action, par­ticularly those enzymatic processeswhich form unusual covalent linkages,such as the carbon-phosphorous bonds,acetylenic linkages, and cyclopropaneNEW APPOINTMENTSLAWrings. He has made extensive studies onthe enzyme, cyclopropane synthetase,which catalyzes the formation of thecyclopropane ring. These studies haveled to investigations of the interaction ofenzymes with components of biologicalmembranes and may be useful in under­standing problems of membrane struc­ture and function.An avid interest in general biology hasled Professor Law to scientific collabora­tion with entomologists in the area of in­sect behavior. They have explored thebiochemistry of the complex control sys­tem in the honeybees which is regulatedby a fatty acid produced by the queenand fed to worker bees and have alsoconducted studies leading to the identifi­cation of food and sex attractants ofsome ant species.In collaboration with Professor CarrollWilliams of Harvard, he has carried outdetailed research on the chemistry of the"juvenile hormone," a substance whichcontrols the growth and metamorphosisof insects. In normal development, thesecretion of the juvenile hormone muststop in order for immature insects totransform into sexually mature adults.Williams and Law have recently suc­ceeded in producing a synthetic hormonewhich imitates the activity of the juve­nile hormone for virtually all insects.When the synthetic product is brought into contact with the immature insect, itcauses lethal derangement of the insect'sdevelopment. Although considerable re­search is yet to be done, this successfulsynthesis paves the way for the develop­ment of specific, non-toxic juvenile hor­mone insecticides that can eventually beused to control specific insect pests.An interest in insecticides may be anulterior motive for the Laws who are en­thusiastic gardeners and well acquaintedwith the Japanese beetle and the tomatohornworm. They also engage in camping,hiking, bird-watching and other outdooractivities.The appointment of Ernest Page asassociate professor in the departmentsof medicine (cardiology) and physiol­ogy further establishes The Universityof Chicago as one of the leading worldcenters for the study of cell membranes.He is an alumnus of the University ofCalifornia, receiving his A.B. degree in1949 and his M.D. in 1952. During thenext two years he served as a medicalhouse officer at the Peter Bent BrighamHospital in Boston, followed by threeyears of postdoctoral research training.The latter included the study of cardi­ology and cardiovascular physiology atthe College of Alabama; enzymology atthe University of Wisconsin, and bio­physics at Harvard. He then com­pleted his clinical training at the Brig­ham in 1957, and between 1958 and1964 served successively as a researchfellow, instructor and associate in bio­physics in the Harvard Medical School.His research interest from the begin­ning has been cardiac muscle in all itsaspects. This eclectic approach wasinitiated by his clinical observations onthe influence of glucose infusions in theinduction of arrhythmias. His early ex­perimental studies pertained to under­standing ion-drug interrelations oncardiac function. This evolved into aninterest in ion movements across cellmembranes and adequately to under­stand ion transmembrane movements,he developed an unparalleled variety oftechniques for measuring cardiac cellvolumes, extracellular space and trans­membrane potential. One of his mostimportant contributions has been thedevelopment of new methods which PAGEhave established that molecules proceedthrough the extracellular space in sucha manner as to indicate this space isnon-homogenous; this has important im­plications relative to the pathways overwhich ions move in and about cells. Dr.Page's acquisition, during this past year,of skills with the electron microscope atthe University of California augurs wellfor the future definition of these postu­lated pathways in structural terms. Hiswork on campus began in February,1966.His society memberships include theBiophysical Society, American Societyof Cell Biology and American Physio­logical Society. He became a diplomateof the American Board of InternalMedicine in 1959.Art and music are his extramedicalinterests and the residents of the 4800Chicago Beach Building are here fore­warned that their halls are likely soonto be resounding with Haydn quartets.LOUIS COHENRobert L. Kahn, a research psycholo­gist, joined the faculty as associate pro­fessor in the department of psychiatryat the beginning of the academic year.Professor Kahn received his B.A. fromBrooklyn College in 1940, his M.A.ME Die A L A L U M NIB U L LET I N 19NEW APPOINTMENTSKAHNfrom Columbia University in 1946 andhis Ph.D. from New York Universityin 1953. From 1946 to 1955 he wasa research psychologist at Mount SinaiHospital in New York City and dur­ing part of this period was also aninstructor in psychology at Brooklynand Hunter Colleges. From 1952 until1954 he was a teaching consultant forthe New York State Department ofMental Hygiene and from 1955 to 1959served as a research psychologist forHillside Hospital in Glen Oaks, NewYork. He became head of the section onpsychology in the psychiatry division ofMontefiore Hospital and Medical Cen­ter in 1960, a position he held until hisappointment to our staff. During thisperiod he also served as a research psy­chologist in the office of the consultantfor the aged in the New York StateDepartment of Mental Hygiene and asa mental health consultant for the NewYork City Community Health Board.He is a Fellow of the American Psy­chological Association and a scientificassociate of the Academy of Psycho­analysis. He holds membership in anumber of societies, among them theAmerican Association for the Advance­ment of Science and the American Pub­lic Health Association.Mr. Kahn's main research interests arein the problems of altered brain functionand in the area of community mental20 M E 0 I CAL A L U M NIB U L LET I N health. He will unite both of these fieldsin his new appointment to establish aclinical research gerontology program inthe Hospitals. One of his major goals inthe new program is to work out a systemof integrated basic research in which newmethods of treatment and greater em­phasis on evaluation of treatment will bedeveloped. A second important aim is toprovide specialized mental health serv­ices to a broader cross-section of agedpersons by working with other depart­ments in the Hospitals and with socialagencies in the community.The Kahns have found the move toHyde Park from Westchester, New York,a pleasant and friendly experience andtheir three teenage children are enjoyingthe educational challenge and the socialenvironment of the Laboratory School.When not occupied with his work or hisfamily, Professor Kahn finds time toengage in such disparate hobbies as ten­nis and chess.Bryce L. Munger was named asso­ciate professor of anatomy last June. Hereceived his premedical training at theUniversity of Washington in Seattle andgraduated from Washington UniversitySchool of Medicine in St. Louis in 1958.The following year he was an intern inpathology at Johns Hopkins Universityand from 1959 to 1961 was with theU.S. Air Force Medical Corps at theArmed Forces Institute of Pathology inWashington, D.C. For the four yearsprior to joining our staff, he was a mem­ber of the faculty of the anatomy depart­ment at Washington University.Dr. Munger is a member of A.O.A.,the American Association of Anatomists,the Society for Investigative Dermatol­ogy, and the American Society for CellBiology.His major research interest is in theultrastructure of cells related to secre­tory activity and he is the author or co­author of more than thirty papers in thisfield. Most of his investigations have in­volved the use of the electron microscopeand his newly completed laboratory inthe Anatomy Building has been especial­ly constructed to house these delicate in­struments. Dr. Munger expects that someof his projected research will employ, inaddition, techniques of quantitative op­tics and cytochemistry. MUNGERAlthough Dr. Munger's interest is inthe whole field of secretory phenomena,much of his research has centered in thepancreatic islets. He has recently foundconfirmation of R. R. Bensley's identi­fication of a C-Cell and of WilliamBloom's identification of a D-Cell inpancreatic islets of several species, in­cluding man. He is presently studyingthe cytophysiology of cells other thanthose which are responsible for the secre­tion of insulin and glucagon, the twoknown hormones secreted by the pan­creatic islets.Dr. Munger is also working on thecytology of peripheral sensory receptorsand has recently discovered a hithertounrecognized sensory receptor in whicha secretory cell is intimately associatedwith a sensory nerve fiber. The receptor,first found in a study of the snout skinof the opossum, is also present in thehuman finger and palm. The implicationsof this observation are speculative atpresent, but further studies on this sys­tem are in progress.The Mungers and their two small chil­dren are enjoying their move to Chicagoand find that their home in the Kenwoodarea is an ideal place for Mrs. Mungerto pursue one of her interests-raisingstandard poodles. She holds a Master'sdegree in history and plans to return tograduate studies this fall. Dr. Mungerhas an amateur interest in photographybut finds his chief source of relaxation isplaying the piano.� F_A_C__U_L_TY__N__EW__S �I I�_G_R_A__D_U_A_T_E_N__E_W_S__William E. Adams is chairman of theBoard of Trustees of the Illinois State Medi­cal Society.In December, H. Stanley Bennett wasthe recipient of a citation and a Certificateof Merit for community relations and dis­tinguished acts of service to the Navy andthe Ninth Naval District. The presentationwas made by Captain T. J. Canty of theU.S. Navy Medical Reserve Program at aceremony in Dr. Bennett's office.Richard K. Blaisdell, '48, has been ap­pointed professor and chairman of the de­partment of medicine in the newly estab­lished School of Medicine at the Universityof Hawaii. Dr. Blaisdell left the UniversityMay 1, and will tour several new medicalschools before beginning his new duties. Hisdescription of the new medical school ap­pears on pages 24 and 25.Alexander Brunschwig, Rush '26 ('28-'47), was awarded the degree of DocteurHonoris Causa by the University of Mont­pellier, France, last November in recogni­tion of his contributions to cancer surgery.In March, at the annual clinical congressof the American Society of Abdominal Sur­geons, he was the recipient of their Dis­tinguished Service Award. Dr. Brunschwig,clinical professor of surgery at Cornell Uni­versity Medical College, is the sixth recipientof the award.James W. J. Carpender, professor ofradiology and director of the Chicago Tu­mor Institute, a member of the faculty since1947, is leaving the Hospitals on July 1 tobecome co-chairman of the radiology de­partment at the Guthrie Clinic, Ltd., inSayre, Pennsylvania.M. Edward Davis, Rush, 22 has been ap­pointed editor of The Bulletin of Maternaland Child Health.Robert Druyan, '56, returned to theHospitals as assistant professor in medicinelast June. He took his internship and resi­dency at the Peter Bent Brigham in Bostonand served with the Navy at the NavalMedical Hospital in Bethesda. He held re­search fellowships at Harvard MedicalSchool and in 1963-64 was Gilman Fellowfrom Harvard at the Allmanna Sjukhus inMalmo, Sweden where he worked with JanWaldenstrom.Eugene Goldwasser, professor of bio­chemistry and Attallah Kappas, associateprofessor of medicine have received Guggen­heim fellowships for the coming year. Pro­fessor Goldwasser will work in the depart­ment of biochemistry at Oxford Universityand pursue his research on the biochemistryof red cell development. Dr. Kappas will beworking with Samuel Granick at the Rocke­feller Institute and will be working on por­phyrin biosynthesis.Jay J. Jacoby ('46-'47) has been namedprofessor and chairman of the anesthesiologydepartment at Jefferson Medical College ofPhiladelphia.John Kasik, '54 left in January for Ox­ford, England where he is working at theDunn School of Pathology with E. P. Abra­ham. The Kasiks will return to ChicagoSeptember 1.Robert Kohut, '60 is leaving the Hospi­tals to become assistant professor ofotolaryngology at the University of Florida in Gainesville. His new appointment willbegin July 1. George Singleton, head ofthe department in Gainesville, was seniorresident in otolaryngology in the Hospitalsfrom 1960-61.George V. LeRoy, '34, professor of medi­cine and a member of the faculty since 1951,left the University in January to accept thefull time post of Medical Director of theMetropolitan Hospital in Detroit. The hos­pital provides comprehensive medical careto members of the Community Health Asso­ciation in Detroit.Herman M. Serota, Rush '38, professoriallecturer in the psychiatry department andnewly elected president of the Chicago Psy­choanalytic Society, was recently appointedsenior attending psychiatrist at MichaelReese Hospital.Donna M. Sommer, '54, assistant pro­fessor of pediatrics and John L. Sommer,'53, associate professor of surgery (urology)will be leaving the Hospitals in July. Johnhas accepted the post of head of the urologysection with the Kaiser Permanente Medi­cal Group in Hayward, California, andDonna will have a part-time appointmentwith the pediatrics department.Alvin R. Tarlov, '56 has been awardeda John and Mary R. Markle Scholarship.Dr. Tarlov, who is conducting research onthe membrane of red blood cells and hasbeen active in the biochemical identificationof some inherited forms of anemia, is con­cerned with the problem of integratingmodern biology into the teaching of clinicalmedicine. The grant will be used over a five­year period to support his research andteaching.John S. Thompson, '53 has received aLederle Medical Faculty Award in recogni­tion of his abilities as a teacher and medicalinvestigator. The award will be used overthe next two years to support his salaryand professional expenses.Ilza Veith ('51-'63) has been promotedto vice chairman of the department of healthsciences at the San Francisco Medical Cen­ter. The University of Chicago Press hasrecently published Professor Veith's book,Hysteria: The History of a Disease.Harold Werbin ('54-'57) has beennamed senior scientist at the WorcesterFoundation for Experimental Biology. '37. Ormand C. Julian, professor of sur­gery at the University of Illinois and vice­president of Presbyterian-St. Luke's medi­cal staff, has been named chairman of thesurgery division of the hospital.'40. J. Cotter Hirschberg has been ap­pointed associate director of the children'sdivision of the Menninger Foundation inTopeka. He has been affiliated with theFoundation since 1952.'46. John W. Cashman has been ap­pointed chief of the U.S. Public HealthService's new Division of Medical Care Ad­ministration. The new division will co­operate with the Social Security Administra­tion to establish standards for the quality ofcare to be paid for under the Medicare Bill.Dr. Cashman joined the Public Health Serv­ice in 1947. His most recent position wasthat of deputy medical director of the PeaceCorps.'47. Richard D. Kershner has been madechairman of the pediatrics department ofthe medical and dental staff of the GoodSamaritan Hospital of Santa Clara Val­ley, California.'50. Henry M. Gelfand has recently re­turned from a two-year stay in India as apublic health adviser for the Agency forInternational Development. While there, heset up India's first National Institute ofCommunicable Disease. He is currently aMedical Health Director for the U.S. Pub­lic Health Service at the Communicable Dis­ease Center in Atlanta, Georgia.'55. Robert J. Leider has joined the fac­ulty of the University of Illinois Collegeof Medicine as assistant professor of psy­chiatry.'56. Jack P. Edelstein has been appointeddirector of psychiatric services for the Chil­dren's Health Council in Palo Alto, Califor­nia.'58. Norman R. Zinner has been ap­pointed urologist-in-chief of King CountyHospital in Seattle and assistant professorof urology at the University of Washington.His new duties will begin in September.'64. John David Borman is serving asa Lieutenant in the Marine Corps in VietNam.CANCER SYMPOSIUMOn February 26 and 27, the CancerTraining Program, directed by RobertW. Wissler, '49, professor and chairmanof the department of pathology, spon­sored a two-day symposium on malig­nant transformation.In describing the symposium, Dr.Wissler said that the conversion of nor­mal cells into malignant ones in the testtube has made it possible to study theprocess under controlled conditions andin greater detail than can be done bygrowing cancers in experimental animals. As a consequence, new results in thisarea of cancer research are being re­ported almost daily and each report addsto the accumulating knowledge of theprocess by which cells become malignant.The purpose of the symposium was tobring together leading cancer investi­gators and give them the opportunity todiscuss their most recent research.Scientists from The University of Chi­cago, from other major institutions inthe United States, and from the Instituteof Virology in Glasgow participated.M E 0 I CAL A L U M NIB U L LET I N 21ENDOCRINOLOGY PROGRAMOn March 17, the Division of Biologi­cal Sciences sponsored a program called"Endocrinology, 1966." Richard L. Lan­dau, professor of medicine, organizedand chaired the meeting.Papers on recent research were pre­sented by E. B. Astwood of the NewEngland Medical Center Hospitals andprofessor of medicine at Tufts; ThomasF. Gallagher, chief of the Institute forSteroid Research at Montefiore Hospitaland professor of biochemistry at AlbertEinstein College of Medicine; Grant W.Liddle, professor of medicine at Vander­bilt University; Paul Munson, chairmanof the department of pharmacology atthe University of North Carolina; andPaul Talalay, professor of pharmacologyand experimental therapeutics at JohnsHopkins University. Three of the speakers are either grad­uates or former faculty members of theDivision. Thomas Gallagher took hisPh.D. in biochemistry in 1931 andtaught here from 1928 to 1947. PaulMunson held a fellowship from 1939 to1942 and took his Ph.D. in biochemistryin 1942. Paul Talalay was on the staffof the Ben May Cancer Research Lab­oratory and the department of bio­chemistry from 1950 to 1963.The program was planned for AllanT. Kenyon, Rush, '25, who will retireat the end of the academic year. After­ward, a reception was held for the speak­ers at the Quadrangle Club. At a smalldinner following, Dr. Kenyon spokeabout some aspects of the history ofendocrinology .PROJECT VIET NAMWe have heard recently from threealumni who have participated in ProjectViet Nam, a program administered bythe People-to-People Health Foundation,Inc., sponsors of the project HOPE. It isfinanced by the U. S. Agency for Inter­national Development and was initiatedlast summer by President Johnson at therequest of South Vietnamese officials.Doctors are recruited from throughoutthe United States for short-term unpaidservice to work in various sections ofSouth Viet N am where they administerto sick and wounded civilians. Isaiah R. Salladay, '24, returned tohis private practice in Pierre, South Da­kota, in April, after completing a termof service. C. Richard Goodhope, '36,of Edmonds, Washington, began a tourof duty in February. Dr. Goodhope isaffiliated with several Seattle hospitals.William B. Neal, Jr., '41 of La Canada,California, was one of a group of sevenphysicians who left for Viet Nam onAprilS. Upon his return to the UnitedStates he will resume his private practiceof surgery.RUSH NEWS'15. Ludwig A. Emge has been honoredfor his fifty years of service by the estab­lishment of a new medical library in hisname at the Children's Hospital in SanFrancisco. Dr. Emge is former chairman andprofessor emeritus of the obstetrics andgynecology department at the Stanford Uni­versity School of Medicine.'19. John S. Lundy has accepted the postof clinical professor of anesthesiology at theUniversity of Washington School of Medi­cine in Seattle. Dr. Lundy was founder andhead of the section of anesthesiology atMayo Clinic from 1924 to 1942.'28. Carl A. Johnson of Tuscon, Arizonawas in Chicago to attend the meetings ofthe Association for Research in Ophthalmol­ogy in April. He stopped in at the AlumniOffice to renew his acquaintance and to re­mark on the many changes in the Hospitals.He was a clerk at Billings when it firstopened.Noel G. Shaw was named Chicago'sleading physician for 1965 by the Societyof the Little Flower. Dr. Shaw is president22 M E 0 I CAL A L U M NIB U L LET I N of the Chicago Medical Society and a mem­ber of the pediatrics staff at St. FrancisHospital. He has served as president of thehospital's medical staff and chief of its de­partment of pediatrics.'29. Leonidas H. Berry was electedpresident last year of the National MedicalAssociation. In December, 1965, PresidentJohnson appointed him to membership onthe twelve-man National Advisory Councilfor Regional Programs Against Heart Dis­ease, Cancer, and Stroke.'34. Frank E. Rubovitz has been electedpresident of the staff of Michael Reese Hos­pital and Medical Center. Dr. Rubovitz, anobstetrician-gynecologist, has served withthe hospital for twenty-eight years.'36. Lloyd E. Harris, associate professorof pediatrics in the Mayo Graduate Schoolat the University of Minnesota, has beenelected a member of the American Board ofPediatrics, Inc. as a representative of theAmerican Academy of Pediatrics. Dr. Har­ris has previously served as an examinerfor the Board. INTERNATIONAL CONGRESSON HUMAN GENETICSThe Third International Congress onHuman Genetics will be held at The Uni­versity of Chicago from September 5through September 10. It is expected tobring together approximately 2,000 ofthe world's leading scholars in the fieldof human genetics, including some 500from overseas. The first Congress washeld in Copenhagen in 1956 and thesecond in Rome in 1961. The selectionof the University as host was made bythe general organizing committee of theCongress, under the chairmanship ofArthur G. Steinberg, professor of biologyat Western Reserve University. Univer­sity of Chicago scientists have mademany contributions to the study of hu­man genetics and the Chicago Congresswill be one of the major events in the75th Anniversary celebration of thefounding of the University.Bernard S. Strauss, professor of mic­robiology and chairman of the Univer­sity's committee on genetics, is chairmanof local arrangements for the Congress.A program of scientific papers, demon­strations, plenary sessions and symposiahave been planned. President Beadle,a Nobel Prize winning geneticist, andLionel S. Penrose, emeritus Galton Pro­fessor of eugenics at University College,London, who is president of this year'sCongress, will address the opening ses­sion of the six-day meeting.The Congress is sponsored by theAmerican Society of Human Genetics,the Genetics Society of America, and theGenetics Section of the InternationalUnion of Biological Sciences. It will besupported financially by the NationalFoundation-The March of Dimes andby the National Institute of Child Healthand Development.POSTGRADUATE SEMINARS IN MEDICINEIn 1965 the University Hospitals andClinics established a Committee on Con­tinuing Medical Education and inaugu­rated a program of postgraduate semi­nars called "Frontiers of Medicine." Thepurpose of the program is to providephysicians with a comprehensive view ofrecent developments in medicine and toopen new areas of communication be­tween the University's medical centerand practicing physicians throughout theChicago area.Under the direction of Joseph B.Kirsner, professor of medicine, the newprogram presented a series of monthlyseminars from October through May. Each seminar was coordinated with regu­lar clinical conferences of the depart­ments of medicine and pediatrics andeach was devoted to advances within aparticular medical specialty. Members ofthe medical school faculty conducted theconferences and discussion periods thatbegan at one o'clock and ended at six.The program was accredited for 36 hoursby the American Academy of GeneralPractice.Dr. Kirsner's committee has com­pleted plans for the second Frontiers ofMedicine which will again be a series ofeight seminars to be held the secondWednesday of each month beginning October, 1966. Subjects for the nextseries are, in sequence, "Cerebral Vascu­lar Disease," "What's New in PepticUlcer," "Pediatric Emergencies," "Useof Cardiovascular Drugs," "Deafnessand Dizziness-How Do We Stand?""Nature and Management of Inflamma­tory Bowel Disease," "Endocrines andthe Reproductive System," and "HeadInjuries."A descriptive brochure and registra­tion materials for the 1966-67 series willbe sent to physicians living close enoughto Chicago to make it possible for themto attend.DEATHS'97. Arthur R. Nash, Sykesville, Md.,November 2, 1965, age 94.'98. Victor F. Marshall, Appleton, Wis.,December 2, 1965, age 92.'00. Lewis A. Moore, Monroe, Wis.,September 2, 1965, age 89.'01. Joseph W. Gething, Battle Creek,Mich., November 13, 1965, age 93.'02. Edward C. Rosenow, Minneapolis,March 7, age 81.'04. Frederick F. Garrison, Aurora, TIl.,December 19, 1965, age 90.William T. Kradwell, Wauwatosa, Wis.,December 9, 1965, age 85.Joseph A. Teegarden, Sr., East Chicago,Ind., June 22, 1963, age 82.'05. Matthew J. Lynch, Minneapolis, Au­gust 8, 1965, age 87.'06. Winthrop S. Chapman, San Gabriel,Calif., September 15, 1965, age 84.'08. Anthony M. Loes, Dubuque, Iowa,December 15, 1965, age 84.'11. Frank F. Gardner, Santa Ana, Calif.,October 13, 1963, age 81.'13. Helen F. Craig, Boise, Idaho, Decem­ber 7, 1965, age 82.Arthur L. Smith, Sr., Lincoln, Nebr., De­cember 8, 1965, age 85.'14. Peter A. Nestos, Santa Barbara,Calif., January 13, age 80.Jacob R. Harry, Chicago, December 6,1965, age 79.'15. Paul Black, Lincoln, Nebr., Decem­ber 29, 1965, age 78.Ersel M. Fessenden, Springfield, Mo.,January 12, age 81.Westland, Edward W., Deerfield Beach,Fla., June 10, 1965, age 79.'16. Arthur R. Knauf, Tampa, Fla., May28, 1965, age 75.Harold E. Olney, Leonidas, Mich., Octo­ber 23,1965, age 77.'17. Harry A. Keener, La Jolla, Calif.,October 23, 1965, age 78. '18. Frank L. Heck, Dayton, Ohio, De­cember 5, 1963, age 73.Joseph L. Pottorf, Nevada, Mo., Novem­ber 29, 1965, age 70.'19. Joseph L. Benton, Appleton, Wis.,November 19, 1965, age 70.Roscoe H. Reeve, Casper, Wyo., Septem­ber 26, 1965, age 73.Irving I. Muskat, Milwaukee, January 5,age 70.Henry Raile, Salt Lake City, August 31,1965, age 79.'21. Marshall W. Field, Glenview, Ill.,December 17, 1963, age 68.'22. Solomon G. Meyers, Detroit, Octo­ber 15, 1965, age 68.'24. John E. Stoll, Monrovia, Calif., J an­uary 14, age 65.'25. Isadore M. Epstein, EI Paso, Tex.,January 9, age 66.Archie E. Gillis, Chicago, October 2,1965,age 69.Harry E. Hickman, McAllen, Texas, No­vember 14, 1965, age 73.'26. Florence B. Powdermaker, NewYork, January 12, age 71.'27. Everett W. Campbell, Detroit, July23, 1965, age 64.Carl F. Doehring, Altadena, Calif., Octo­ber 1, 1965, age 62.A. Ludwig Lindberg, Tuscon, Ariz., No­vember 29, 1965, age 71.'28. Mandel L. Spivek, Granada Hills,Calif., August 9, 1965, age 62.'29. Ben L. Hurwitz, Chicago, November15, 1965, age 60.Josef S. Rozan, Lansing, Mich., January22, age 61.'30. Hardin E. Coen, Chicago, December26, 1965, age 61.'31. George U. Ivers, Fargo, N.D., Janu­ary 26, age 59.Rollin M. Conley, Perry, Iowa, Septem­ber 1, 1965, age 65. '32. Wilfred F. Stafford, Chicago, June27, 1965, age 58.'33. Virgil M. Bradshaw, Tampa, Fla.,December 4, 1965, age 64.'34. Lawrence M. Shefts, San Antonio,November 29, 1965, age 56.'35. Samuel J. Grauman, Tucson, Ariz.,January 3, age 55.'37. Edward M. Jeppson, Salt Lake City,December 18, 1965, age 54.David Levitin, Glencoe, IIi., August 16,1965, age 53.Franklin J. Moore, Sr., Chicago, Decem­ber 14, 1965, age 52.'38. William J. Moore, Milwaukee, June11,1965, age 55.Robert M. Stewart, Broadus, Mont., Feb­ruary 19, 1963, age 56.'39. Frank W. Bailey, Canoga Park,Calif., December 8, 1965, age 65.Edward H. Heneveld, Muskegon, Mich.,October 9, 1965, age 51.'41. Byron E. Bassham, EI Centro, Calif.,November 21, 1965, age 50.Glenn C. Bond, Kalamazoo, Mich., Au­gust 26, 1965, age 58.Helen Belknap Fraser, Frankfort, Ky.,July 16, 1965, age 47.'43. Stanford K. Sweany, Munster, Ind.,October 24,1965, age 48.'51. Julian A. Miller, Chicago, March 9,age 38.FACULTY'20. George M. Curtis, ('27-'32) Colum­bus, Ohio, December 23, 1965, age 75.Oswald H. Robertson, ('27-'50), SantaCruz, Calif., March 23, age 79.Drechsler, Robert J. ('63-'65), Chicago,September 28, 1965, age 39.M E 0 I CAL A L U M NIB U L LET I N 23A NEW SCHOOL OF MEDICINE IN THE PACIFICEven before the University of HawaiiSchool of Medicine came into officialexistence in September, 1965, it was evi­dent that it would be different from thedozen or so new institutions being estab­lished in the United States to meet thenation's need for more physicians.The school's uniqueness, of course,arises from the Islands' strategic geogra­phy: at the hub of Pacific commerce,where the cultural currents of the Orientmeet those of the Occident in a tropicalsetting. Prospering from these influencesis Hawaii's burgeoning multiracial popu­lation, now nearing 800,000. In this com­munity, education and the new technol­ogy have become the guiding theme ofthe state government. The natural focusfor this propelling spirit is the Univer­sity of Hawaii's verdant campus inHonolulu. Here, President Thomas H.Hamilton, Ph.D. '47, is spokesman fora faculty of 2,000 and 17,000 students.These were the attractions that luredDean Windsor C. Cutting from his phar­macology laboratory at Stanford to Ha­waii two years ago. At that time RobertD. Tschirgi, '50, on leave from theUniversity of California,* had completeda feasibility and planning study for theproposed medical school. Four preclini­cal departments, including a separate de­partment of genetics, had begun opera­tion in a modern, five-story researchbuilding, where studies ranging from reo­virus RNA to the ethnic epidemiology ofarterial hypertension were being con­ducted.Within the past year, the departmentsof anatomy, now associated with a sea­side marine biology laboratory, pathol­ogy and medicine have been organized,completing the main units of the two­year school.A new medical school has the oppor­tunity, if not the obligation, to experi­ment in medical education. The facultyin Hawaii is adopting an eclectic ap­proach, realizing that the school, ofnecessity, will need to function withincertain limitations. One restriction isthat since only a two-year program hasbeen authorized, our graduates will needto be prepared for the third and fourthyears of four-year schools elsewhere.Since several of these Mainland medicalschools have made major revisions af-* Presently Vice-Chancellor, University ofCalifornia, San Diego.24 M E 0 I CAL A L U M NIB U L LET I N By RIC;HARD K. BLAISDELL '48MedicineBLAISDElLfecting all four years of their curricu­la, the program in Hawaii will needto take these variations into account.Nevertheless, some of the distinctive, ifnot entirely novel, attributes of the newschool in the Islands may be cited:• There will not be the usual barrierbetween the pre-medical curriculumand the medical school program. Mostof the students will enter at the be­ginning of their senior year in college.For these pupils, the "two-year" pro­gram will extend over three years.Thus, a student may be taking aChinese language course while com­pleting his studies in neurophysiology.This flexible arrangement also providesconsiderable free and elective time,and it allows admission of students toadvanced standing from other univer­sities or from other programs withinthe University of Hawaii.• Research, at least to a modest ex­tent, will provide opportunities for thejoy of discovery. This experienceshould cultivate critical intellectualhabits and promote clarity of thoughtand expression. It will give substanceto the concept of the medical scholaras a graduate student and a youngercolleague of the faculty. Completionof the program will qualify the stu­dent for the Master of Science degree.• Graduates of the program will besuitably prepared to: a) transfer tofour-year medical schools for the addi­tional two years leading to the M.D. degree; b) continue toward a Ph.D.in a non-clinical science; or c) pursueother health-related careers.• Programs of the newly establishedSchool of Public Health will be close­ly coordinated with those of theSchool of Medicine. For example,courses in community medicine, bio­statistics, and socio-cultural aspects ofillness, some involving summer fieldtrips to the Philippines or Tahiti, willbe given by the Public Health facultyor conjointly with the faculty of themedical school.• The character and philosophy ofthe curriculum will be reflected in thenew Health Sciences Hall, now beingdesigned by Edward Durell Stone. Thestructure will be on the main campus,close to the other science departmentsand a new graduate research library,and adjacent to sites that can be de­veloped for future hospital facilities.The new building, with a broad, two­story base and a tower of seven floors,will house the Schools of Medicineand of Public Health. The interior willfeature student multi-discipline labo­ratories with individual study carrels,closed-circuit television, and videotaperecording equipment. Interdepart­mental units will include the Com­puter Center and the Animal Facility.• Special attention will be given tostudent affairs-collectively and indi­vidually. Beginning with the crucialprocess of admissions, then throughoutthe medical program, and even beyondgraduation, counseling will be avail­able.• The comparative smallness of thestudent body will provide an atmos­phere of informality and opportunitiesfor cordial associations of students andfaculty.• Emphasis will be on student in­volvement as the essence of meaning­ful learning. For instance, the coursein anatomy will include assisting in thedelivery of a baby, dissection of a still­born, and measurement and palpationin a clinic. The department of medi­cine will assume major responsibilityfor assisting the student in integrationof his experiences in the other coursesin the curriculum by confrontationwith patients. History-taking will becoordinated with instruction in psychi­atry. The physical examination andlaboratory diagnosis will be considerednot merely as methods for detectingdisease, but as special tools for under­standing the natural history of healthand of mechanisms of illness.• Clinical facilities have become avail­able through affiliations with five hos­pitals in the city. All clinical instruc­tion is being organized within the de­partment of medicine, using a small,full-time staff and private physiciansin Honolulu. Investigation by the clin­ical faculty will be based initially atthe affiliated hospitals; however, labo­ratories for the department of medi­cine are also included in the newHealth Sciences building.• A school of nursing and programsin allied medical sciences, such asmedical technology, are already inoperation. Mutual benefits may be ex­pected from their close ties with themedical school.• The international and cross-culturalquality of the institution will also beenhanced by proximity to the East­West Center, established on the Uni­versity campus in 1960, under theaegis of the U.S. Department ofState. At the Center, four hundredgraduate students from the Pacific andAsia live and study with two hundredWesterners. One outcome of the rela­tionship has been the recent commit­ment of the Schools of Medicine andPublic Health to assist in health edu­cation in the Ryukyu Islands (Okina­wa). Another has been the designationof the medical school as a participantin a proposed Regional Medical(Heart Disease, Cancer, Stroke) Pro­gram, to include American Samoa,Guam, and the Pacific Trust Terri­tories. A third derivative is the expec­tation that as much as a fourth ofeach entering class of students willcome from out-of-state--not onlyfrom the Mainland United States andAlaska, but from other islands in thePacific and from bordering Asianlands.The timetable for these developmentsis now emerging. The first class will en­roll in the Autumn of 1967. Although thestate legislature has authorized the ad­mission of fifty pupils per class, ac­commodations are being readied for onlytwenty-five initially. Instruction duringthe first two years, until the HealthSciences building is completed in 1969,will be given in present campus class­rooms and laboratories, and in affiliatedhospitals.A complete, four-year school remains for the future. Meanwhile, the clinicalfaculty will not only be sharing experi­ences with medical students but will alsobe responsible for housestaff trainingprograms in two general hospitals.Planning and implementing for a newschool involves first of all, people, andnext, facilities, where students and fac­ulty can learn together and from eachother. In the second category, one of themost difficult of essentials to acquire inthe limited time available is an adequatemedical library. Many out-of-print mate­rials, especially back issues of journals,cannot be readily purchased. One reasonfor my accepting the Bulletin editor's re­quest to write this article was the oppor­tunity it would give to appeal to Uni­versity of Chicago and other graduatesto donate medical publications to ourfledgling school. Inquiries may be ad­dressed to the Dean of the University ofHawaii School of Medicine, 2538 TheMall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822. Anotherreason for this writing is to express pub­licly our appreciation to C. PhillipMiller, Rush '18, for his generous con- tribution of a valuable collection ofmedico-historical pictures to our institu­tion.As for people, it is apparent that per­sonnel at several levels-students, houseofficers, faculty, administrators, nurses,and others in the health professions­will need to be recruited. We ask forUniversity of Chicago support in theseefforts also.The success of our pioneering en­deavor will be measured in large part bythe performance of our graduates as theymove into four-year medical schools. Wehope that The University of Chicago aswell as other institutions will accept ourstudents for their last two years of medi­cal school. Evaluations made during thiskey period of their training will reflectthe quality of their earlier medical in­struction and will be particularly helpfulto us in our constant reappraisal of oureducational program.Dr, Blaisdell begins his appointmentas professor and chairman of the depart­ment of medicine at the University ofHawaii on July 1.BIOMEDICAL CAREER CONFERENCE, NOVEMBER 20, 1965The seventh Biomedical Career Con­ference was directed by Carol Newton,'60, assistant professor of medicine andmathematical biology. In the morning,each of the approximately two hundredstudents saw three demonstrationschosen from twenty-four research studiespresented by the faculty of the Division.The choice of subjects was wide. Inone project the methods for maintainingcirculation and respiration in cardiacarrest were illustrated, and studentscould practice the techniques with theaid of manikins. In another, demon­strating modern approaches to endocri­nology, they watched the measurementand chemical identification of picogramamounts of radioactive hormones in rattissue and saw how the experimentaldata were automatically recorded andprocessed by a computer. A like diversityof subject matter and presentation meth­ods marked the other demonstrationswhich ranged through the basic and clini­cal sciences.A separate morning program was ar­ranged for the fifty teachers at the Cen­ter for Continuing Education. Each ofthe five speakers, after talking about op­portunities for research in a particulararea of the biological sciences, describedprojects in which they were involved.Leon O. Jacobson, '39, reported onstudies of red blood cell formation. Rene Menguy talked about investigations onthe mechanisms by which aspirin causesgastric ulceration. Herbert Landahl,Ph.D., '41, discussed the ways in whichbiostatistics and mathematical biologyaid biomedical research. Studies of thespontaneous contraction of heart musclewere described by Hans Hecht, andRobert Moseley pointed out the rela­tionship of the physical sciences to thedevelopment of diagnostic radiologyequipment.After lunch at the Center with thespeakers and other members of the fac­ulty, the teachers joined the students forthe afternoon session. Dean of StudentsJoseph J. Ceithaml, Ph.D., '41, spokebriefly about the admissions and financialpolicies of the Division. Sidney Schul­man, '41, neurology, and Clifford Gur­ney, '51, hematology, presented a clini­cal conference on pernicious anemia.President Beadle and Dean H. StanleyBennett concluded the program with adiscussion of anemia in terms of its rela­tionship to their particular fields. Mr.Beadle talked about the genetic aspectsof the disease and Dr. Bennett outlinedits relationship to research in cell biology.Donald Greer, resident in surgery,was in charge of the junior and seniormedical students who served superbly asguides at both the '64 and '65 Confer­ences.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 2SBIOMEDICAL CAREERCONFERENCENovember 14, 1964Two hundred and fifteen high schooljuniors and seniors and their scienceteachers were guests at the 1964 CareerConference which was directed by WynnSayman, '53, of the surgery faculty. Inthe morning they were welcomed byDean H. Stanley Bennett and attendedtwo demonstrations which they hadpreviously chosen from a list of twenty­one presented by members of the Divi­sional faculty. The subjects rangedthrough botanical studies, viruses, sur­gical transplants, drug detection, the useof computers, electron microscopy, ra­dioisotope scanning, and various otherstudies in basic and clinical research.After lunch they heard short talks byDean of Students Joseph J. Ceithamland admissions officer Jon Nicholsonand attended a clinical conference on"Genetic Glandular Disturbance: Con­genital Adrenal Hyperplasia." EdwardN. Ehrlich, medicine, and HaroldBoverman, '56, pediatric psychiatry,presented the clinical aspects of the case,and President Beadle concluded theprogram with a genetic explanation ofthe abnormality. He discussed some ofthe known ways in which alterations inthe genetic structure occur and howthese changes influence the expression ofheredity in living organisms.PICTURE CREDITSArchie Lieberman-cover, pp. 1-14, 20(Munger), 24; Joan Hill-pp. 17 (Rav­itch), 18 (Eisenman), 19 (Law and Page),20 (Kahn); Joel Snyder-pp. 26,28; Wil­liam Sloan, '67-p. 27.BULLETINof the Alumni AssociationThe University of ChicagoSCHOOL OF MEDICINEDIVISION OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES950 East 59th Street Chicago, Illinois 60637VOL. 21 WINTER 1966 No.2EDITORIAL BOARDJESSIE BURNS MACLEAN, SecretaryALICE ASHIN, Editorial AssociateARCHIE LIEBERMAN, Art EditorWRIGHT ADAMS ELEANOR M. HUMPHREYSRICHARD K. BLAISDELL HUBERTA LIVINGSTONERICHARD EVANS PETER V. MOULDERROBERT J. HASTERLIK W AL TER L. PALMERSIDNEY SCHULMAN26 M E 0 I CAL A L U M NIB U L LET I N In a pathology demonstration, ZELMA MOLNAR explains an electron micrograph ofhuman heart muscle indicating the functional repeating sub-units (sarcomeres) of the con­tractile protein. November 14, 1964ELWOOD JENSEN, Ph.D. '44, instructs a student in the dissection of rat tissue in a demonstration in the Ben May Cancer Research Lab­oratory. November 20, 1965Demonstrations of cardiovascular surgery are so popular that they have become a regular feature of the Career Conferences. Here,PETER MOULDER, '45, shows methods for evaluating ventricular function. November 20, 1965M E 0 I CAL A L U M NIB U LL E TIN 27