NOTES AND COMMENTAs the medical center expands, as newwings, new hospitals and new laboratoriesare added, the shape of the building complex alters and the architectural stylechanges. Some of the older additions,Goldblatt Memorial Hospital, ArgonneCancer Research Hospital, the WestWing, and the new Armour Wing are already a familiar and integral part of theexperience of our more recent alumni.And there is no doubt that the newWyler Children's Hospital and the projected Biological Sciences Library will,in years to come, contribute their shareto the experience and memories of futurealumni. Construction of the new CentralAnimal Quarters began in April. A newsurgery wing connecting Abbott and Billings and matching the architectural styleof other recent additions has beenplanned. The court between the originalmedical school buildings, biochemistryand physiology on the north and thepathology and surgery entrances to Billings on the south would be closed on theeast by the new construction. So, in aspirit of frank nostalgia, we set out tophotograph our stone faces-the architectural sculpture that ornaments theoriginal buildings. Archie Lieberman'sphotographs are reproduced here onpages 1 through 13, along with an articleby Arno Luckhardt, Rush '12, identifying the faces and explaining the reasonsfor their selection. Dr. Luckhardt's de-2 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN scription was first published in volume13 of The University Record, 1927. Thebusts of Trousseau and Sydenham andthe tablets representing Aesculapius andHygeia were lost when the new NorthWing was added at the old court entranceto the department of medicine, and although it is unlikely that more of thesculpture will be obliterated it seems agood time, in the midst of constructionand expansion, to take a look at thenucleus of the medical school and at thefaces which are part of the tradition ofall our alumni.The Biomedical Career Conferencehas proved to be a durable project; theone to be held in the fall of 1966 will bethe eighth. Because of the interest ofthe students and teachers who attend, because of the enthusiasm and cooperationof the faculty in presenting demonstrations and programs, and because of thecreativity and planning of each year'sfaculty director, the Conferences continue to have a freshness and originalitythat makes it certain they will, in someform, continue as an important activityof the Medical Alumni. The 1963 Conference was covered in detail in a recentBulletin and from time to time we willpresent full reports on some of the futureones. On the last four pages of this issuewe bring you up to date with a story anda few pictures of the '64 and '65 Conferences. Students entering Billings through AbbottArch. The new CentralAnimal Quarters will beconstruded under thepresent courtyard.The idea of a Medical Alumni Daywas initiated by M. Edward Davis,Rush '22, during his tenure as presidentof the Alumni Association, 1962-63. Thepapers from that first program wereprinted in the Bulletin with Archie'scandid photographs of the participants.From the papers presented at the SecondMedical Alumni Day, we published Dr.Davis' article in the last issue of theBulletin and in this we print RichardJones' paper. In subsequent issues wewill publish other papers from that sameprogram. Presentations made at the thirdMedical Alumni Day were printed inPostgraduate Medicine in June, 1965.These postgraduate seminars for alumni were one facet of the medical school'sinvolvement in the field of continuingmedical education. Members of the faculty have long participated in the localprograms sponsored by the Illinois Medical Association, the Chicago Medical Society, the Illinois Academy of GeneralPractice, and in conferences arranged bythe various specialty societies and thenational associations. Because of a growing concern with the need for postgraduate medical training and in an effort tomake the school's educational facilitiesavailable to all physicians in the Chicagoarea, the Committee on ContinuingMedical Education was established in1965. It inaugurated a new series of postgraduate seminars known as "Frontiersof Medicine." A short history and description of this new program will befound on page 23.THE PHYSIOLOGY BUILDINGA DESCRIPTION OF THE PRINCIPAL CARVEDHISTORICAL FIGURESBvARNOB.LUCKHARDTThe Physiology Building as seen from the north (Fifty-eighth Streetfront) is impressive but can hardly be said to be particularly beautiful.The abundant windows give it the appearance of a modern factory. Itsstraight walls are devoid of any ornamentation. On closer approach,however, one notices on its walls the seals of the University of Chicagoand of Rush Medical College cut in stone and placed to the right and leftof the arch of the tunnel through which one passes on to the court between the physiological group of buildings and the medical group proper.Before passing through the tunnel attention ought to be given to thebeautiful representations in stone of some of the common laboratory animals used in physiological research which embellish the arch throughwhich one first enters. Passing to the center of the court, one sees thatthe court aspect of the physiological group is far more ornamental thanthe street aspect of that structure.The selection of ornamental tablets and busts of distinguished physiologists of the past was made on the basis of the following considerations: (I) There should be an international representation in the choiceof illustrious men and universities made prominent by illustrious scientific men j (2) the men whose busts were chosen to ornament the buildings were to represent pioneers in particular fields of physiological endeavor j (3) a few men of national or local prominence were added inexpression of appreciation of our particular national, international, orlocal medical indebtedness to them.Looking at the court aspect of the physiological group one sees alarge English Gothic arch quite high above an ornamental balcony. Abust of William Harvey forms the keystone to this arch. At its base tothe left is a bust of Calude Bernard, and to the right one of Carl Ludwig. Certainly, the importance of these three scientists to physiologicaland medical science will be questioned by no one. Incidentally, they represent, according to the scheme alluded to above, the foremost investigators of England, France, and Germany, respectively, in physiological andmedical science. One observes also two busts over the court entrance of247THE UNIVERSITY RECORDphysiological chemistry. They are of Lavoisier and Emil Fischer. Thework of the former in establishing the importance of oxidation in livingprocesses cannot be overestimated. The latter is honored chiefly for hismonumental work in elucidating the chemistry of our foodstuffs, particularly the proteins and the sugars.Before the court entrance to physiology, above the entrance, onenotes busts of Frans Cornelis Donders (Holland) and William Beaumont (America). The former is honored for his important contributionsto our knowledge of vision; the latter for his scientific zeal in attemptingto elucidate the physiology and pathological physiology of gastric secretion and hunger. The seven busts on this building represent, then, notonly men from different nations (England, France, Germany, Holland,and America), but pioneers in physiological research. Higher up on thebuilding are a number of tablets representing the seals of the universitiesof Padua, Leyden, St. Petersburg (I'etrograd), Berlin, Paris, am! Cambridge.Returning again to the court, but facing the south, we are before themain entrance to the building devoted to pathology, with the court entrances to the departments of medicine and surgery at the extreme leftand right ends of the building. There are six tablets in honor of illustrious men and also of Hippocrates and Galen. Between these are tabletsin honor of l\1orgagni and John Hunter (Italian and English), and to thefounders of modern bacteriology and cellular pathology, Louis Pasteurand Rudolf Virchow (French and German).Over the court entrance to the Department of Surgery are symbolical tablets indicating that modern surgery owes its success to anesthesiaand asepsis. To the right and left are busts of Ambroise Pare and Billroth, respectively, to whose scientific attitude and technic modern surgery is so much indebted. To the right and above, there is the bustacknowledging indebtedness to Lord Lister for the introduction of modern asepsis into the practice of surgery. To the left a bust of ChristianFenger indicates our gratitude to this local pioneer who introduced thescientific principles of modern surgery and pathology into the Chicagocommunity and was the apt teacher of the older generation of Chicagosurgeons. In the corners of the niche near the court entrance to the Department of Surgery are busts of Benjamin Rush, American clinician,signer of the Declaration nf Independence, and Edward Jenner, founderof the practice of active immunization, as exemplified by vaccinationagainst smallpox.The court entrance to the Department of Medicine bears symbolicalTIlE PIIl'SIOLOGY BUILDING 249tablets showing Aesculapius with his daughter Hygcia and the veneratedsnake, and the chemical symbol of the benzene nucleus representing symbolically the thought that modern medicine expects much from hygiene(preventive medicine) and chemotherapy (synthetic chemistry as opposed to exclusively empirical therapeutics). Above these tablets arebusts of Trousseau and Sydcnham, master French and English cliniciansof the past, and in the corner of the niche to the left, the heads of RobertKoch, founder, with Pasteur, of modern medical bacteriology, and of SirWilliam Osler, great Canadian and American scholar and educator.No apology is offered in justification of the selection of the distinguished scientists and clinicans-whose memory is here commemorated bytablets and busts. It is furthermore certain that no two individualswould ever select precisely the same list of men even if the selection wererestricted by the arbitrary considerations, mentioned above, which directed the present choice. On the other hand, it seems probable thatmost of the men selected would appear in every list irrespective of thelines of choice.CHOLESTEROL AND CORONARY DISEASEIt was 1905 when Anitschkow first reported that rabbits, on a diet includingcholesterol, could develop lesions in theartery wall similar to those seen in human arteriosclerosis. In 1941 Hirsch andWeinhouse of Chicago showed that lipidin the atherosclerotic plaques of humanshad a great similarity to the lipids of theplasma and suggested that they arosefrom the plasma. Ever since this timethings have not been quite the same.Even though the price of eggs may nothave dropped appreciably, it is true thatthe egg industry has found it necessaryto advertise on the radio, the dairy industry has taken to the billboards, andsome wit has even suggested that weshould send all our butter to Russia-orbetter, China. Today I would like to review some of the newer knowledge ofcholesterol as it is related to atherosclerosis and try to place it in perspective.I would first point out that the formation of the atheroma in the artery wall isonly the first step in the course of thedisease and probably starts early in life.This goes, on, of course, for a long period of time, until the plaque enlarges,becomes ischemic and necrotic, and finally ulcerates. At this point, if notearlier, thrombosis may set in. If thethrombus is massive enough, occlusionof the artery develops. It is the occlusiveprocess which causes symptoms, and asclinicians we see this at a time quite remote from the formation of the atheroma. Thus, we should bear in mind thatthe correlates of clinical manifestationsmay not be the same as those of atheroma formation.Another point worth making is thatcholesterol has probably received somuch attention because, until recently,it was more easily and precisely measured than other lipids. In fact, it mayyet be that some other lipid is more important to this disease than cholesterol,but because of greater difficulty in itsdetermination we are, as yet, unable topin-point the association.The cholesterol as it travels in theblood actually exists in the form of Iipoproteins where it is aggregated withmolecules of fat, phospholipid and protein. There are several classes of such14 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN By RICHARD J. JONESMedicineDelivered on Medical Alumni Day, October 16, 1963JONESlipoproteins and it may be that one ofthem is more critical to the disease formation than cholesterol as a whole. This,of course, was the thesis of John Gofman,who started investigating the relative importance of one of these lipoproteinssome fifteen years ago. I propose to showthat there is still some reason to creditthis thesis, with some modifications.In the normal situation the plasma isthought to filter through the intima intothe media carrying its burden of proteins and lipoproteins which get pickedup in the venules and the lymphatics ofthe media to be drained off into the adventitial vessels. In hyperlipemia aheavier concentration of lipoproteins iscarried in the plasma and tends to accumulate just beneath the intima: i.e. theyarrive faster than they can be removed.Of course, we must not forget that weare dealing with a localized, patchy disease. In order to develop any theory ofatheroma formation, we must considerthe importance of local factors, such asa thickened intima, which can impede thepassage of a normal concentration oflipoproteins. Thus the lipid, which foranatomic, metabolic or chemical reasonshas difficulty getting through the arterywall, is retained in the subintima. Of course, the situation is actuallymuch more complex than the above description would suggest. From recentelectron micrographic studies we knowthat the normal epithelium probablycontains no channel by which plasmacan filter into the media. If it does getinto the artery wall through the epithelium, lipoproteins must pass throughthe cell itself, by molecular transfer orby pinocytosis, unless disruption of theintima occurs. In studies of the epithelium of rabbits fed cholesterol, FrankParker* has shown the appearance in thesubintima of increasing numbers of cellswhich have the characteristics of smoothmuscle cells. As the feeding of cholesterol is continued, these cells accumulatein the subintima in progressively largernumbers and become packed with fatglobules appearing as vacuoles until,after several weeks, the cells have largely lost their usual cytoplasmic structure.The interesting thing is that theselipid vacuoles are first seen in the cell:no one has been able to find any extracellular lipid in this early stage. Thelipid must get into the cell in a solubleform which does not appear in the earlyelectron micrographs, but as the lipidload of the smooth muscle cell increasescellular metabolism becomes impaired.Because of the increased cellular population in this region, and the distortionof the intracellular organelles, these cellsthen do not receive enough oxygenor the necessary substrates for existence:the cell ruptures. The lipid then becomesextravasated and deposited in a presumably irreversible fashion in the extracellular space of the artery wall.Many pathologists now feel that it is atthis point that the atherosclerotic plaquebecomes irreversible and a fibrotic response begins. It is in this manner thatcholesterol may ultimately appear ascrystalline material in the plaque.Enzymologists have shown that thereare a good many lipid-splitting enzymesin the vicinity of the plaque: lipases,* Frank Parker: "Fine Structure of theAtheroma in the Experimental Animal" inEvolution oj the Atherosclerotic Plaque.Edited by Richard J. Jones, University ofChicago Press, 1964, Chicago.phospholipases, esterases, and the like.Some feel that there is an increased concentration of some of these enzymes atthat site. This means that, as theseplaque lipids accumulate, they could presumably be broken down into smallerdiffusible molecules. The only lipid forwhich no degrading enzyme has beenfound in the neighborhood of the plaqueis cholesterol. This may explain why,when the experimental animal has beenfed cholesterol for several weeks and anucleus of cholesterol has been deposited in the artery wall, the amount ofthat deposit is not reduced by allowingthe animal to return to a normal diet,even after six months. In other words, itappears that the cholesterol, once it getsinto the artery wall, is not easily dissipated, as are the phospholipids and neutral fats, but stays on without any diminution in its concentration for a periodof months and perhaps years.One way of attacking the question ofwhether the plasma lipid may relate tothe plaque lipid is to make a chemicalcomparison of the lipid constituents ofthe various lipoproteins and the plaquelipid. This has been done in Fig. 1, wherewe have taken data from the literature.Here you see the constituents of the redcells, the whole serum, the chylomicrons,the Alpha-, the Beta, and the heavydensity Alpha! lipoproteins, and the lasttwo bars represent the plaque lipids. Thelatter have about 20 per cent neutral fat,less phospholipid and 60-70 per centcholesterol of which about two-thirds isin the ester form. If we compare theAlpha, lipoproteins to this they containfar too much cholesterol and too littleneutral fat. The Beta lipoprotein has toomuch phospholipid, compared to theplaque. The Alpha., has a little too muchneutral fat, perhaps, and the chylomicron has much too much.Since we have already recognized thatneutral fat and phospholipids undergometabolic transformation in the arterywall perhaps the more valuable comparison should be the ratio of esterified tofree cholesterol. When this is examinedthere is a fairly consistent agreementamong several authors that the ester: freeratio of the plaque cholesterol rangesbetween 1.3 and 1.8 or 1.9. If we nowcompare these with the ratios in plasmalipoproteins, the average ester: free cholesterol ratio in the Alpha , lipoproteinsis about 1.43, which happens also to bethe average value derived from the literature for plaque lipid. Beta, has amuch higher ratio, and the Alpha, lipoproteins are still higher. 100NEUTRAL FATPHOSPHOLIPIDoa......J....J 50<tI-oI- CHOLESTEROLESTERSFREECHOLESTEROLoPLAQUELIPIDSFig. 1. Proportions of various lipid classes in (left to right) red blood cells; whole serum;chylomicron fraction; low density Alpha21 Betall heavy density Alpha! (HDL2) and Alpha!(HDL3) lipoproteins; and two reports indicating plaque lipids.If we are to preserve this infiltrationtheory, then, we must acknowledge thatsome of the phospholipid and perhapstriglyceride escapes to leave the free andesterified cholesterol in about the sameproportions. Other evidence of our ownhas led Dr. Louis Cohen and me to feelthat perhaps the Alpha , lipoprotein isreally the most critical in terms of coronary disease. In Fig. 2 you see the individual valuesfor the lipoprotein cholesterol in a comparison of 44 normal subjects with 31patients with coronary disease. In theselipoproteins, the mean level of totalserum cholesterol (the amount of cholesterol per hundred ml serum) of the Betacholesterol is higher in the coronary disease patients than in the normal subjects.The cholesterol from the Alpha. lipopro-SERUM AND SERUM LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL IN HEALTH (0)AND IN CORONARY ARTERIAL DISEASE (')BETA ALPHASERUM425�Z1&.1I0IX: 0 01&.1 8 t.IL. 90 00(I) a:. 0 I 80:a � •• fb • % �3 �4( --t- •• 80 70 08IX: t • 8 ___aL_ Jlo Ia'(!) : ••• 0 I •� ... • •• o§o 60 -4- ·� • 00 I:... 0 .,O��% -t-2 ... � � I 502 ijg<' � ",,, U. 40 � B ••• 00 l-175 0 ��o ,0 8 30 §�150 0 o� 8 •0 •125 •• 20"IN EXCESS 45 58 47 84 42 68 50 50� MEAN NORMALFig. 2. Comparison of whole serum and serum lipoprotein cholesterol values in 44 healthysubjects (0) and 31 coronary artery disease subjects (.). The horizontal lines indicate meanvalues for each group. The figure beneath each group indicates the percentage of individuals in that group which lie above the mean of the healthy group.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 15SERUM AND SERlA1 LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL IN EIGHTEENMATCHED PAIRS OF HEALTHY (0) AND CORONARY DISEASE (') SUBJECTSSERUM ALPHA2 BETA ALPHAI360 903 � 70 80•3 60 70;;L •••300 0SO 60 ---go-. :: •••••• 00 •••280 4 SO (l00 --00 • ••00 •.. I·• •000 • •30 � -0- 40• ,<b000020 0 · 300 • o�o'b ..0 00010 20•"IN E SO 4!1 SO 89 39 so 39 89(�)MEAN NORMALFig. 3. 18 of the subjects from each of the two groups in Fig. 2 matched with regardto sex and proximity of age and cholesterol level. The symbols are the same as in Fig. 2.teins reaches about the same concentration in both.These large groups were not very wellmatched originally, so we selected eighteen of these patients with whom wecould pair controls in the normal groupwhich could be matched for age, sex, andwhole serum cholesterol level. As you seein Fig. 3, the mean serum cholesterol isnow identical in the two groups yet wesee a fairly large difference in the meanAlphaj, a much smaller difference in theBeta, and a difference in the oppositedirection in the Alpha. lipoprotein. If weexpress this as percentage difference, thechange was much greater in Alpha- thanin Alpha. and the former is the only difference which was statistically significant.The possibility that the Alpha-, lipoprotein of plasma may be the most important atherogen, more important thanthe whole serum cholesterol or than anyof the other lipoproteins, is particularlyimportant because it differs from theother lipoproteins in its response to dietary or medicinal treatment.Let us consider finally what some ofthe treatments advocated for hypercholesteremia will do to the four lipoproteincategories under discussion. The chylomicron level can be diminished by placing the patient on a low fat or a lowcalorie diet or by administration of16 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN heparin, which stimulates lipoproteinlipase activity. The Alpha , lipoproteinlevel is reduced on a low carbohydrate orlow calorie diet and is not affected by theamount of animal fat in the diet. TheBeta lipoprotein is reduced by a low animal fat diet, a low calorie diet, thyroidderivatives, sitosterol, and Mer 29-allof which affect the Beta lipoprotein almost exclusive of any effect on the AIphaj, The only exception to this apparentdisparity is the estrogen compounds andAtromid, and perhaps nicotinic acid,which do seem to have some effect on theAlpha., as well as the Beta lipoproteins.When medical students were examinedat the time of their final examinations, itwas found that the Alpha, lipoproteinlevel rose abruptly at the time of theexamination. Conversely, we suspect thatsedation decreases the serum level ofAlpha, lipoprotein.The Alpha., or heavy density, lipoproteins do not seem to be affected by dietor by any of the drugs that have beenused, with the exception of the sex hormones. The administration of estrogeniccompounds increases the concentrationof heavy density serum lipoproteins,while it decreases the level of low densitylipoproteins.In conclusion, we can say that cholesterol is a serious thing once an excessgets into the arterial wall because it pro- CARLSON LECTURESir Peter Brian Medawar, Director ofthe National Institute for Medical Research of Great Britain, delivered thesixth annual Anton J. Carlson MemorialLecture on March 14.Sir Peter, one of the world's outstanding biologists, spoke on "Some RecentAdvances in the Study of Transplantation." In 1960, he shared the NobelPrize in Medicine with Sir MacfarlaneBurnet for their discovery 'of the phenomena described as "acquired immunological tolerance."CANCER SERIESA series of nine weekly conferences onthe methods used in the diagnosis andtreatment of the most common forms ofcancer was held during the Winter Quarter. It was presented as part of the University's Cancer Training Program whichis supported by a grant from the UnitedStates Public Health Service and is directed by Robert W. Wissler, '49, professor and chairman of the departmentof pathology. John Van Prohaska, '34,professor of surgery, was moderator forthe series which began January 7 andcontinued on successive Fridays throughMarch 11.Each conference was devoted to theproblems involved in cancer found at aparticular body site. Case presentationby a member of the faculty was followedby a discussion in which a panel offaculty members participated.A series on cancer research is an annual feature of the Training Program andis open to all physicians, teachers andstudents from other institutions who wishto attend.vokes a fibrous reaction and seems to beheld with great tenacity at that site. Sofar as the present data permits us todraw any conclusion, it is probably thelipid most constantly associated withatherosclerosis. The cholesterol of theplaque is almost certainly derived fromthe blood, and whether it gets there inlipoprotein form or in some more fragmented form has yet to he finally established. We think that the evidence,though still inconclusive, suggests thatit is the Alpha , lipoprotein which is mostimportant in atherogenesis. The questionof whether this Alpha, lipoprotein is, infact, the atherogenic lipid is a crucialone, because of the important implications this may have in the rational therapy of this disease.NEW APPOINTMENTSFREEDMANDaniel X. Freedman, professor ofpsychiatry at Yale University School ofMedicine, will become professor andchairman of the psychiatry departmenton July 1.Dr. Freedman was a member of theclass of 1943 at Harvard College andafter war service in the Infantry and inthe Medical Corps as a clinical psychologist, returned to Harvard for premedicaltraining and entered the Yale UniversitySchool of Medicine from which he graduated in 1951. Following a year's internship in pediatrics at Yale's Grace-NewHaven Community Hospital, he continued there as a resident in psychiatry.He was appointed instructor in 1955,assistant professor in 1958, associate professor in 1961, and professor in 1964. In1957 and 1958 he was a guest worker atthe National Institute of Mental Healthand from 1957 to 1965 was a career investigator for the Institute. He hasserved as an attending psychiatrist atGrace-New Haven Community Hospitaland as a consulting psychiatrist for theU.S. Army, the National Institute ofMental Health, the West Haven Veterans Administration Hospital, the YalePsychiatric Institute and for private hospitals in the New Haven area. He hasalso been a member of the psychopharmacology study section and the committee on clinical drug evaluation of the National Institutes of Health. He is a fellow in the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology and amember of the Western New EnglandPsychoanalytic Society. Apart from psychiatric societies, he is a fellow of theAmerican Society for Pharmacology andExperimental Therapeutics and theAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science.Dr. Freedman is co-author of the recentpublication, The Theory and Practiceo]: Psychiatry (Basic Books) and has anestablished reputation as an outstandingclinical psychiatrist. He is also the authorof more than fifty articles in the field ofpsychopharmacology, his research specialty. In this area, he has been primarilyconcerned with studying the effects onbrain function and on behavior patternsof the psychotomimetic drugs, LSD-25,mescaline, and psilocybin. His laboratoryresearch has shown that there are specific substances in the brain which areaffected by these drugs and this hasraised the question as to whether or notthese normal body substances are involved in naturally occurring psychiatricdisorders. The question has been underlined by his further discovery that various stress situations affect similar brainsystems in animals. These studies havethus defined an area for research thatwill be further explored by Dr. Freedman and other investigators in the general field of neurobiology and psychopharmacology .The Freedmans are in the process ofhome-hunting in Chicago and hope tohave this problem solved before Dr.Freedman takes up his new duties inJuly. Mrs. Freedman is a graduate of theYale School of Design and teaches painting and art history at the Day-ProspectSchool in New Haven. Dr. Freedmanshares his wife's interest in art and musicand admits to having once played outmoded jazz piano exclusively for his ownenjoyment.Mark M. Ravitch was named professor of surgery and chief of the section ofpediatric surgery on November 1, 1965.Before coming to Chicago, he was professor of surgery at Johns Hopkins University and chief of surgery at BaltimoreCity Hospital.Dr. Ravitch took his A.B. degree in RAVITCH1930 from the University of Oklahoma,his M.D. from Johns Hopkins in 1934,continued there for his internship andresidency and, except for two interruptions, has been a member of the surgicalstaff at Hopkins since his graduation.From 1942 to 1946 he was a Major inthe United States Army and from 1952to 1956 served as director of the surgerydepartment of Mount Sinai Hospital inN ew York. While there, he held an appointment as clinical professor of surgery at Columbia University.Dr. Ravitch is recognized internationally as an authority in the field of pediatric surgery and has an outstanding reputation as a teacher, investigator andclinician. He has published over onehundred papers in his field of specialization, is chairman of the editorial board ofCurrent Problems In Surgery, editor ofthe pediatric surgery section of Surgery,editor of the Pediatric Surgery M onograph series, and one of the editors of thetwo-volume text, Pediatric Surgery.His professional affiliations include theSociety of Vascular Surgeons, the Society of University Surgeons, the AmericanSurgical Association, the American Association for Thoracic Surgery, the American College of Surgeons, and the American Academy of Pediatrics. He is a member of A.O.A.In working with the problem of intestinal obstructions in children, Dr. Ra-ME 0 I CAL A l U M N I 8 U II E TIN 17NEW APPOINTMENTSvitch has established, both in the laboratory and in the clinic, the indications forthe safe reduction of intussusception bybarium enema, allowing 65 to 75 per centof affected babies to escape operation.Dr. Ravitch has been concerned withimproving surgical techniques for correcting congenital chest deformities earlyin childhood, thus allowing children togrow as normally as possible. He hasbeen particularly interested in developing operative methods to cure the condition of funnel chest which produces conspicuous deformity and occasionally affects the thoracic organs. A large experience with this relatively common malformation has led to substantial knowledge of a variety of less usual deformities of the sternum-pigeon breast,sternal fissure, and a wide variety of instances in which ribs or portions of vertebrae are missing. He has found manyof these conditions to be correctablethrough imaginative surgical procedures.For the past seven or eight years, Dr.Ravitch has had a special interest in theuse and development of methods ofmechanical suturing in surgery. This began on a trip to Russia when he had anopportunity to study instruments devisedby the Russians and has continued witha wide range of applications in thoracicand abdominal surgery.Dr. Ravitch will be moving to hisquarters in the new Silvain and ArmaWyler Children's Hospital within thenext few months. He and his wife are already settled into their apartment nearthe University and are looking forwardto spending part of the summer in theirhome at Martha's Vineyard. Mrs. Ravitch is a graduate of the ColumbiaSchool of Journalism but almost immediately transferred her interest andhas had an active career in the field ofsocial work. Dr. Ravitch says that probably his principal hobby is the one mostallied to his work; he likes to collect oldmedical textbooks.George Eisenman was appointed professor of physiology on July 1, 1965. Hereceived his A.B. degree in biology fromHarvard College in 1949 and his M.D.from Harvard Medical School in 1953.He remained at Harvard as research fellow and research associate until 1956when he became permanent senior staff18 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN EISENMANscientist at Eastern Pennsylvania Psychiatric Institute. He was named associate professor of physiology at the University of Utah College of Medicine in1962, the position he held just prior tojoining our faculty. During the summersof 1963 and 1964, Dr. Eisenman was avisiting professor at the Institute ofPhysics at the University of Genoa,Italy, and since 1962 has been a consultant on fundamental research for theComing Glass Works. During his medical school days he was a NationalScholar, was elected to A.O.A. in 1952,and in 1953 was the recipient of theMaimonides Award. He is a member ofthe American Physiological Society andof the Biophysical Society. In 1964, heserved as chairman of the first GordonResearch Conference on Ionic Motionsand Interactions in Biological, Chemical,and Physical Phenomena.Dr. Eisenman's special research interest is in the mechanism by which ionsand other solutes cross biological membranes. In 1957, he and his associatesdiscovered that chemical modifications Inthe composition of the glass electrodemade it selectively sensitive to variouscations in addition to the hydrogen ion.This has made it possible to measure potassium and sodium ions selectively withglass electrodes. In subsequent studies,Dr. Eisenman has been able to determine the origin of the glass electrode potentialas well as the mechanism by which itdiscriminates between various cations. Incurrent investigations, he is attemptingto determine the mechanism by which asimilar ion discrimination takes place inthe living cell. By working with simplecations and reducing biologic-phenomenato a physical substrate, he and his colleagues are developing theories of ionpermeation through non-living membranes of sufficient structural complexityto approach that in biological systems.He hopes his research will contribute sufficiently to the understanding of ion permeation to help eventually in deducingthe as yet unidentified mechanism bywhich ions cross biological membranes.Dr. and Mrs. Eisenman and their twoyoung sons are living in the Kenwoodarea just north of the campus and he reports that they are enjoying the University environment immensely. Mrs. Eisenman plays the piano and harpsichord,and they are both interested in art collecting.John H. Law was appointed professor in the department of biochemistry inAugust, 1965. A native of Cleveland, hereceived his B.S. degree from Case Institute of Technology in 1953 and his Ph.D.in biochemistry from the University ofIllinois in 1957. He held National Science Foundation Fellowships both atIllinois, from 1954 to 1956, and at Harvard from 1957 to 1958 where he workedwith Konrad Bloch. During the following year, he was an instructor at Northwestern University and in 1959 returnedto Harvard as a member of the chemistrydepartment faculty. He remained thereuntil joining our staff last fall. His professional affiliations include the Societyof Biological Chemists, the AmericanChemical Society, and the American Society for Microbiology.Mr. Law is the author or co-author ofmore than thirty research papers in thefield of biochemistry. He is well knownfor his outstanding work on the biochemistry of lipids. This has involved researchon the mechanism of enzyme action, particularly those enzymatic processeswhich form unusual covalent linkages,such as the carbon-phosphorous bonds,acetylenic linkages, and cyclopropaneNEW APPOINTMENTSLAWrings. He has made extensive studies onthe enzyme, cyclopropane synthetase,which catalyzes the formation of thecyclopropane ring. These studies haveled to investigations of the interaction ofenzymes with components of biologicalmembranes and may be useful in understanding problems of membrane structure and function.An avid interest in general biology hasled Professor Law to scientific collaboration with entomologists in the area of insect behavior. They have explored thebiochemistry of the complex control system in the honeybees which is regulatedby a fatty acid produced by the queenand fed to worker bees and have alsoconducted studies leading to the identification of food and sex attractants ofsome ant species.In collaboration with Professor CarrollWilliams of Harvard, he has carried outdetailed research on the chemistry of the"juvenile hormone," a substance whichcontrols the growth and metamorphosisof insects. In normal development, thesecretion of the juvenile hormone muststop in order for immature insects totransform into sexually mature adults.Williams and Law have recently succeeded in producing a synthetic hormonewhich imitates the activity of the juvenile hormone for virtually all insects.When the synthetic product is brought into contact with the immature insect, itcauses lethal derangement of the insect'sdevelopment. Although considerable research is yet to be done, this successfulsynthesis paves the way for the development of specific, non-toxic juvenile hormone insecticides that can eventually beused to control specific insect pests.An interest in insecticides may be anulterior motive for the Laws who are enthusiastic gardeners and well acquaintedwith the Japanese beetle and the tomatohornworm. They also engage in camping,hiking, bird-watching and other outdooractivities.The appointment of Ernest Page asassociate professor in the departmentsof medicine (cardiology) and physiology further establishes The Universityof Chicago as one of the leading worldcenters for the study of cell membranes.He is an alumnus of the University ofCalifornia, receiving his A.B. degree in1949 and his M.D. in 1952. During thenext two years he served as a medicalhouse officer at the Peter Bent BrighamHospital in Boston, followed by threeyears of postdoctoral research training.The latter included the study of cardiology and cardiovascular physiology atthe College of Alabama; enzymology atthe University of Wisconsin, and biophysics at Harvard. He then completed his clinical training at the Brigham in 1957, and between 1958 and1964 served successively as a researchfellow, instructor and associate in biophysics in the Harvard Medical School.His research interest from the beginning has been cardiac muscle in all itsaspects. This eclectic approach wasinitiated by his clinical observations onthe influence of glucose infusions in theinduction of arrhythmias. His early experimental studies pertained to understanding ion-drug interrelations oncardiac function. This evolved into aninterest in ion movements across cellmembranes and adequately to understand ion transmembrane movements,he developed an unparalleled variety oftechniques for measuring cardiac cellvolumes, extracellular space and transmembrane potential. One of his mostimportant contributions has been thedevelopment of new methods which PAGEhave established that molecules proceedthrough the extracellular space in sucha manner as to indicate this space isnon-homogenous; this has important implications relative to the pathways overwhich ions move in and about cells. Dr.Page's acquisition, during this past year,of skills with the electron microscope atthe University of California augurs wellfor the future definition of these postulated pathways in structural terms. Hiswork on campus began in February,1966.His society memberships include theBiophysical Society, American Societyof Cell Biology and American Physiological Society. He became a diplomateof the American Board of InternalMedicine in 1959.Art and music are his extramedicalinterests and the residents of the 4800Chicago Beach Building are here forewarned that their halls are likely soonto be resounding with Haydn quartets.LOUIS COHENRobert L. Kahn, a research psychologist, joined the faculty as associate professor in the department of psychiatryat the beginning of the academic year.Professor Kahn received his B.A. fromBrooklyn College in 1940, his M.A.ME Die A L A L U M NIB U L LET I N 19NEW APPOINTMENTSKAHNfrom Columbia University in 1946 andhis Ph.D. from New York Universityin 1953. From 1946 to 1955 he wasa research psychologist at Mount SinaiHospital in New York City and during part of this period was also aninstructor in psychology at Brooklynand Hunter Colleges. From 1952 until1954 he was a teaching consultant forthe New York State Department ofMental Hygiene and from 1955 to 1959served as a research psychologist forHillside Hospital in Glen Oaks, NewYork. He became head of the section onpsychology in the psychiatry division ofMontefiore Hospital and Medical Center in 1960, a position he held until hisappointment to our staff. During thisperiod he also served as a research psychologist in the office of the consultantfor the aged in the New York StateDepartment of Mental Hygiene and asa mental health consultant for the NewYork City Community Health Board.He is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association and a scientificassociate of the Academy of Psychoanalysis. He holds membership in anumber of societies, among them theAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science and the American Public Health Association.Mr. Kahn's main research interests arein the problems of altered brain functionand in the area of community mental20 M E 0 I CAL A L U M NIB U L LET I N health. He will unite both of these fieldsin his new appointment to establish aclinical research gerontology program inthe Hospitals. One of his major goals inthe new program is to work out a systemof integrated basic research in which newmethods of treatment and greater emphasis on evaluation of treatment will bedeveloped. A second important aim is toprovide specialized mental health services to a broader cross-section of agedpersons by working with other departments in the Hospitals and with socialagencies in the community.The Kahns have found the move toHyde Park from Westchester, New York,a pleasant and friendly experience andtheir three teenage children are enjoyingthe educational challenge and the socialenvironment of the Laboratory School.When not occupied with his work or hisfamily, Professor Kahn finds time toengage in such disparate hobbies as tennis and chess.Bryce L. Munger was named associate professor of anatomy last June. Hereceived his premedical training at theUniversity of Washington in Seattle andgraduated from Washington UniversitySchool of Medicine in St. Louis in 1958.The following year he was an intern inpathology at Johns Hopkins Universityand from 1959 to 1961 was with theU.S. Air Force Medical Corps at theArmed Forces Institute of Pathology inWashington, D.C. For the four yearsprior to joining our staff, he was a member of the faculty of the anatomy department at Washington University.Dr. Munger is a member of A.O.A.,the American Association of Anatomists,the Society for Investigative Dermatology, and the American Society for CellBiology.His major research interest is in theultrastructure of cells related to secretory activity and he is the author or coauthor of more than thirty papers in thisfield. Most of his investigations have involved the use of the electron microscopeand his newly completed laboratory inthe Anatomy Building has been especially constructed to house these delicate instruments. Dr. Munger expects that someof his projected research will employ, inaddition, techniques of quantitative optics and cytochemistry. MUNGERAlthough Dr. Munger's interest is inthe whole field of secretory phenomena,much of his research has centered in thepancreatic islets. He has recently foundconfirmation of R. R. Bensley's identification of a C-Cell and of WilliamBloom's identification of a D-Cell inpancreatic islets of several species, including man. He is presently studyingthe cytophysiology of cells other thanthose which are responsible for the secretion of insulin and glucagon, the twoknown hormones secreted by the pancreatic islets.Dr. Munger is also working on thecytology of peripheral sensory receptorsand has recently discovered a hithertounrecognized sensory receptor in whicha secretory cell is intimately associatedwith a sensory nerve fiber. The receptor,first found in a study of the snout skinof the opossum, is also present in thehuman finger and palm. The implicationsof this observation are speculative atpresent, but further studies on this system are in progress.The Mungers and their two small children are enjoying their move to Chicagoand find that their home in the Kenwoodarea is an ideal place for Mrs. Mungerto pursue one of her interests-raisingstandard poodles. She holds a Master'sdegree in history and plans to return tograduate studies this fall. Dr. Mungerhas an amateur interest in photographybut finds his chief source of relaxation isplaying the piano.� F_A_C__U_L_TY__N__EW__S �I I�_G_R_A__D_U_A_T_E_N__E_W_S__William E. Adams is chairman of theBoard of Trustees of the Illinois State Medical Society.In December, H. Stanley Bennett wasthe recipient of a citation and a Certificateof Merit for community relations and distinguished acts of service to the Navy andthe Ninth Naval District. The presentationwas made by Captain T. J. Canty of theU.S. Navy Medical Reserve Program at aceremony in Dr. Bennett's office.Richard K. Blaisdell, '48, has been appointed professor and chairman of the department of medicine in the newly established School of Medicine at the Universityof Hawaii. Dr. Blaisdell left the UniversityMay 1, and will tour several new medicalschools before beginning his new duties. Hisdescription of the new medical school appears on pages 24 and 25.Alexander Brunschwig, Rush '26 ('28-'47), was awarded the degree of DocteurHonoris Causa by the University of Montpellier, France, last November in recognition of his contributions to cancer surgery.In March, at the annual clinical congressof the American Society of Abdominal Surgeons, he was the recipient of their Distinguished Service Award. Dr. Brunschwig,clinical professor of surgery at Cornell University Medical College, is the sixth recipientof the award.James W. J. Carpender, professor ofradiology and director of the Chicago Tumor Institute, a member of the faculty since1947, is leaving the Hospitals on July 1 tobecome co-chairman of the radiology department at the Guthrie Clinic, Ltd., inSayre, Pennsylvania.M. Edward Davis, Rush, 22 has been appointed editor of The Bulletin of Maternaland Child Health.Robert Druyan, '56, returned to theHospitals as assistant professor in medicinelast June. He took his internship and residency at the Peter Bent Brigham in Bostonand served with the Navy at the NavalMedical Hospital in Bethesda. He held research fellowships at Harvard MedicalSchool and in 1963-64 was Gilman Fellowfrom Harvard at the Allmanna Sjukhus inMalmo, Sweden where he worked with JanWaldenstrom.Eugene Goldwasser, professor of biochemistry and Attallah Kappas, associateprofessor of medicine have received Guggenheim fellowships for the coming year. Professor Goldwasser will work in the department of biochemistry at Oxford Universityand pursue his research on the biochemistryof red cell development. Dr. Kappas will beworking with Samuel Granick at the Rockefeller Institute and will be working on porphyrin biosynthesis.Jay J. Jacoby ('46-'47) has been namedprofessor and chairman of the anesthesiologydepartment at Jefferson Medical College ofPhiladelphia.John Kasik, '54 left in January for Oxford, England where he is working at theDunn School of Pathology with E. P. Abraham. The Kasiks will return to ChicagoSeptember 1.Robert Kohut, '60 is leaving the Hospitals to become assistant professor ofotolaryngology at the University of Florida in Gainesville. His new appointment willbegin July 1. George Singleton, head ofthe department in Gainesville, was seniorresident in otolaryngology in the Hospitalsfrom 1960-61.George V. LeRoy, '34, professor of medicine and a member of the faculty since 1951,left the University in January to accept thefull time post of Medical Director of theMetropolitan Hospital in Detroit. The hospital provides comprehensive medical careto members of the Community Health Association in Detroit.Herman M. Serota, Rush '38, professoriallecturer in the psychiatry department andnewly elected president of the Chicago Psychoanalytic Society, was recently appointedsenior attending psychiatrist at MichaelReese Hospital.Donna M. Sommer, '54, assistant professor of pediatrics and John L. Sommer,'53, associate professor of surgery (urology)will be leaving the Hospitals in July. Johnhas accepted the post of head of the urologysection with the Kaiser Permanente Medical Group in Hayward, California, andDonna will have a part-time appointmentwith the pediatrics department.Alvin R. Tarlov, '56 has been awardeda John and Mary R. Markle Scholarship.Dr. Tarlov, who is conducting research onthe membrane of red blood cells and hasbeen active in the biochemical identificationof some inherited forms of anemia, is concerned with the problem of integratingmodern biology into the teaching of clinicalmedicine. The grant will be used over a fiveyear period to support his research andteaching.John S. Thompson, '53 has received aLederle Medical Faculty Award in recognition of his abilities as a teacher and medicalinvestigator. The award will be used overthe next two years to support his salaryand professional expenses.Ilza Veith ('51-'63) has been promotedto vice chairman of the department of healthsciences at the San Francisco Medical Center. The University of Chicago Press hasrecently published Professor Veith's book,Hysteria: The History of a Disease.Harold Werbin ('54-'57) has beennamed senior scientist at the WorcesterFoundation for Experimental Biology. '37. Ormand C. Julian, professor of surgery at the University of Illinois and vicepresident of Presbyterian-St. Luke's medical staff, has been named chairman of thesurgery division of the hospital.'40. J. Cotter Hirschberg has been appointed associate director of the children'sdivision of the Menninger Foundation inTopeka. He has been affiliated with theFoundation since 1952.'46. John W. Cashman has been appointed chief of the U.S. Public HealthService's new Division of Medical Care Administration. The new division will cooperate with the Social Security Administration to establish standards for the quality ofcare to be paid for under the Medicare Bill.Dr. Cashman joined the Public Health Service in 1947. His most recent position wasthat of deputy medical director of the PeaceCorps.'47. Richard D. Kershner has been madechairman of the pediatrics department ofthe medical and dental staff of the GoodSamaritan Hospital of Santa Clara Valley, California.'50. Henry M. Gelfand has recently returned from a two-year stay in India as apublic health adviser for the Agency forInternational Development. While there, heset up India's first National Institute ofCommunicable Disease. He is currently aMedical Health Director for the U.S. Public Health Service at the Communicable Disease Center in Atlanta, Georgia.'55. Robert J. Leider has joined the faculty of the University of Illinois Collegeof Medicine as assistant professor of psychiatry.'56. Jack P. Edelstein has been appointeddirector of psychiatric services for the Children's Health Council in Palo Alto, California.'58. Norman R. Zinner has been appointed urologist-in-chief of King CountyHospital in Seattle and assistant professorof urology at the University of Washington.His new duties will begin in September.'64. John David Borman is serving asa Lieutenant in the Marine Corps in VietNam.CANCER SYMPOSIUMOn February 26 and 27, the CancerTraining Program, directed by RobertW. Wissler, '49, professor and chairmanof the department of pathology, sponsored a two-day symposium on malignant transformation.In describing the symposium, Dr.Wissler said that the conversion of normal cells into malignant ones in the testtube has made it possible to study theprocess under controlled conditions andin greater detail than can be done bygrowing cancers in experimental animals. As a consequence, new results in thisarea of cancer research are being reported almost daily and each report addsto the accumulating knowledge of theprocess by which cells become malignant.The purpose of the symposium was tobring together leading cancer investigators and give them the opportunity todiscuss their most recent research.Scientists from The University of Chicago, from other major institutions inthe United States, and from the Instituteof Virology in Glasgow participated.M E 0 I CAL A L U M NIB U L LET I N 21ENDOCRINOLOGY PROGRAMOn March 17, the Division of Biological Sciences sponsored a program called"Endocrinology, 1966." Richard L. Landau, professor of medicine, organizedand chaired the meeting.Papers on recent research were presented by E. B. Astwood of the NewEngland Medical Center Hospitals andprofessor of medicine at Tufts; ThomasF. Gallagher, chief of the Institute forSteroid Research at Montefiore Hospitaland professor of biochemistry at AlbertEinstein College of Medicine; Grant W.Liddle, professor of medicine at Vanderbilt University; Paul Munson, chairmanof the department of pharmacology atthe University of North Carolina; andPaul Talalay, professor of pharmacologyand experimental therapeutics at JohnsHopkins University. Three of the speakers are either graduates or former faculty members of theDivision. Thomas Gallagher took hisPh.D. in biochemistry in 1931 andtaught here from 1928 to 1947. PaulMunson held a fellowship from 1939 to1942 and took his Ph.D. in biochemistryin 1942. Paul Talalay was on the staffof the Ben May Cancer Research Laboratory and the department of biochemistry from 1950 to 1963.The program was planned for AllanT. Kenyon, Rush, '25, who will retireat the end of the academic year. Afterward, a reception was held for the speakers at the Quadrangle Club. At a smalldinner following, Dr. Kenyon spokeabout some aspects of the history ofendocrinology .PROJECT VIET NAMWe have heard recently from threealumni who have participated in ProjectViet Nam, a program administered bythe People-to-People Health Foundation,Inc., sponsors of the project HOPE. It isfinanced by the U. S. Agency for International Development and was initiatedlast summer by President Johnson at therequest of South Vietnamese officials.Doctors are recruited from throughoutthe United States for short-term unpaidservice to work in various sections ofSouth Viet N am where they administerto sick and wounded civilians. Isaiah R. Salladay, '24, returned tohis private practice in Pierre, South Dakota, in April, after completing a termof service. C. Richard Goodhope, '36,of Edmonds, Washington, began a tourof duty in February. Dr. Goodhope isaffiliated with several Seattle hospitals.William B. Neal, Jr., '41 of La Canada,California, was one of a group of sevenphysicians who left for Viet Nam onAprilS. Upon his return to the UnitedStates he will resume his private practiceof surgery.RUSH NEWS'15. Ludwig A. Emge has been honoredfor his fifty years of service by the establishment of a new medical library in hisname at the Children's Hospital in SanFrancisco. Dr. Emge is former chairman andprofessor emeritus of the obstetrics andgynecology department at the Stanford University School of Medicine.'19. John S. Lundy has accepted the postof clinical professor of anesthesiology at theUniversity of Washington School of Medicine in Seattle. Dr. Lundy was founder andhead of the section of anesthesiology atMayo Clinic from 1924 to 1942.'28. Carl A. Johnson of Tuscon, Arizonawas in Chicago to attend the meetings ofthe Association for Research in Ophthalmology in April. He stopped in at the AlumniOffice to renew his acquaintance and to remark on the many changes in the Hospitals.He was a clerk at Billings when it firstopened.Noel G. Shaw was named Chicago'sleading physician for 1965 by the Societyof the Little Flower. Dr. Shaw is president22 M E 0 I CAL A L U M NIB U L LET I N of the Chicago Medical Society and a member of the pediatrics staff at St. FrancisHospital. He has served as president of thehospital's medical staff and chief of its department of pediatrics.'29. Leonidas H. Berry was electedpresident last year of the National MedicalAssociation. In December, 1965, PresidentJohnson appointed him to membership onthe twelve-man National Advisory Councilfor Regional Programs Against Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke.'34. Frank E. Rubovitz has been electedpresident of the staff of Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center. Dr. Rubovitz, anobstetrician-gynecologist, has served withthe hospital for twenty-eight years.'36. Lloyd E. Harris, associate professorof pediatrics in the Mayo Graduate Schoolat the University of Minnesota, has beenelected a member of the American Board ofPediatrics, Inc. as a representative of theAmerican Academy of Pediatrics. Dr. Harris has previously served as an examinerfor the Board. INTERNATIONAL CONGRESSON HUMAN GENETICSThe Third International Congress onHuman Genetics will be held at The University of Chicago from September 5through September 10. It is expected tobring together approximately 2,000 ofthe world's leading scholars in the fieldof human genetics, including some 500from overseas. The first Congress washeld in Copenhagen in 1956 and thesecond in Rome in 1961. The selectionof the University as host was made bythe general organizing committee of theCongress, under the chairmanship ofArthur G. Steinberg, professor of biologyat Western Reserve University. University of Chicago scientists have mademany contributions to the study of human genetics and the Chicago Congresswill be one of the major events in the75th Anniversary celebration of thefounding of the University.Bernard S. Strauss, professor of microbiology and chairman of the University's committee on genetics, is chairmanof local arrangements for the Congress.A program of scientific papers, demonstrations, plenary sessions and symposiahave been planned. President Beadle,a Nobel Prize winning geneticist, andLionel S. Penrose, emeritus Galton Professor of eugenics at University College,London, who is president of this year'sCongress, will address the opening session of the six-day meeting.The Congress is sponsored by theAmerican Society of Human Genetics,the Genetics Society of America, and theGenetics Section of the InternationalUnion of Biological Sciences. It will besupported financially by the NationalFoundation-The March of Dimes andby the National Institute of Child Healthand Development.POSTGRADUATE SEMINARS IN MEDICINEIn 1965 the University Hospitals andClinics established a Committee on Continuing Medical Education and inaugurated a program of postgraduate seminars called "Frontiers of Medicine." Thepurpose of the program is to providephysicians with a comprehensive view ofrecent developments in medicine and toopen new areas of communication between the University's medical centerand practicing physicians throughout theChicago area.Under the direction of Joseph B.Kirsner, professor of medicine, the newprogram presented a series of monthlyseminars from October through May. Each seminar was coordinated with regular clinical conferences of the departments of medicine and pediatrics andeach was devoted to advances within aparticular medical specialty. Members ofthe medical school faculty conducted theconferences and discussion periods thatbegan at one o'clock and ended at six.The program was accredited for 36 hoursby the American Academy of GeneralPractice.Dr. Kirsner's committee has completed plans for the second Frontiers ofMedicine which will again be a series ofeight seminars to be held the secondWednesday of each month beginning October, 1966. Subjects for the nextseries are, in sequence, "Cerebral Vascular Disease," "What's New in PepticUlcer," "Pediatric Emergencies," "Useof Cardiovascular Drugs," "Deafnessand Dizziness-How Do We Stand?""Nature and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease," "Endocrines andthe Reproductive System," and "HeadInjuries."A descriptive brochure and registration materials for the 1966-67 series willbe sent to physicians living close enoughto Chicago to make it possible for themto attend.DEATHS'97. Arthur R. Nash, Sykesville, Md.,November 2, 1965, age 94.'98. Victor F. Marshall, Appleton, Wis.,December 2, 1965, age 92.'00. Lewis A. Moore, Monroe, Wis.,September 2, 1965, age 89.'01. Joseph W. Gething, Battle Creek,Mich., November 13, 1965, age 93.'02. Edward C. Rosenow, Minneapolis,March 7, age 81.'04. Frederick F. Garrison, Aurora, TIl.,December 19, 1965, age 90.William T. Kradwell, Wauwatosa, Wis.,December 9, 1965, age 85.Joseph A. Teegarden, Sr., East Chicago,Ind., June 22, 1963, age 82.'05. Matthew J. Lynch, Minneapolis, August 8, 1965, age 87.'06. Winthrop S. Chapman, San Gabriel,Calif., September 15, 1965, age 84.'08. Anthony M. Loes, Dubuque, Iowa,December 15, 1965, age 84.'11. Frank F. Gardner, Santa Ana, Calif.,October 13, 1963, age 81.'13. Helen F. Craig, Boise, Idaho, December 7, 1965, age 82.Arthur L. Smith, Sr., Lincoln, Nebr., December 8, 1965, age 85.'14. Peter A. Nestos, Santa Barbara,Calif., January 13, age 80.Jacob R. Harry, Chicago, December 6,1965, age 79.'15. Paul Black, Lincoln, Nebr., December 29, 1965, age 78.Ersel M. Fessenden, Springfield, Mo.,January 12, age 81.Westland, Edward W., Deerfield Beach,Fla., June 10, 1965, age 79.'16. Arthur R. Knauf, Tampa, Fla., May28, 1965, age 75.Harold E. Olney, Leonidas, Mich., October 23,1965, age 77.'17. Harry A. Keener, La Jolla, Calif.,October 23, 1965, age 78. '18. Frank L. Heck, Dayton, Ohio, December 5, 1963, age 73.Joseph L. Pottorf, Nevada, Mo., November 29, 1965, age 70.'19. Joseph L. Benton, Appleton, Wis.,November 19, 1965, age 70.Roscoe H. Reeve, Casper, Wyo., September 26, 1965, age 73.Irving I. Muskat, Milwaukee, January 5,age 70.Henry Raile, Salt Lake City, August 31,1965, age 79.'21. Marshall W. Field, Glenview, Ill.,December 17, 1963, age 68.'22. Solomon G. Meyers, Detroit, October 15, 1965, age 68.'24. John E. Stoll, Monrovia, Calif., J anuary 14, age 65.'25. Isadore M. Epstein, EI Paso, Tex.,January 9, age 66.Archie E. Gillis, Chicago, October 2,1965,age 69.Harry E. Hickman, McAllen, Texas, November 14, 1965, age 73.'26. Florence B. Powdermaker, NewYork, January 12, age 71.'27. Everett W. Campbell, Detroit, July23, 1965, age 64.Carl F. Doehring, Altadena, Calif., October 1, 1965, age 62.A. Ludwig Lindberg, Tuscon, Ariz., November 29, 1965, age 71.'28. Mandel L. Spivek, Granada Hills,Calif., August 9, 1965, age 62.'29. Ben L. Hurwitz, Chicago, November15, 1965, age 60.Josef S. Rozan, Lansing, Mich., January22, age 61.'30. Hardin E. Coen, Chicago, December26, 1965, age 61.'31. George U. Ivers, Fargo, N.D., January 26, age 59.Rollin M. Conley, Perry, Iowa, September 1, 1965, age 65. '32. Wilfred F. Stafford, Chicago, June27, 1965, age 58.'33. Virgil M. Bradshaw, Tampa, Fla.,December 4, 1965, age 64.'34. Lawrence M. Shefts, San Antonio,November 29, 1965, age 56.'35. Samuel J. Grauman, Tucson, Ariz.,January 3, age 55.'37. Edward M. Jeppson, Salt Lake City,December 18, 1965, age 54.David Levitin, Glencoe, IIi., August 16,1965, age 53.Franklin J. Moore, Sr., Chicago, December 14, 1965, age 52.'38. William J. Moore, Milwaukee, June11,1965, age 55.Robert M. Stewart, Broadus, Mont., February 19, 1963, age 56.'39. Frank W. Bailey, Canoga Park,Calif., December 8, 1965, age 65.Edward H. Heneveld, Muskegon, Mich.,October 9, 1965, age 51.'41. Byron E. Bassham, EI Centro, Calif.,November 21, 1965, age 50.Glenn C. Bond, Kalamazoo, Mich., August 26, 1965, age 58.Helen Belknap Fraser, Frankfort, Ky.,July 16, 1965, age 47.'43. Stanford K. Sweany, Munster, Ind.,October 24,1965, age 48.'51. Julian A. Miller, Chicago, March 9,age 38.FACULTY'20. George M. Curtis, ('27-'32) Columbus, Ohio, December 23, 1965, age 75.Oswald H. Robertson, ('27-'50), SantaCruz, Calif., March 23, age 79.Drechsler, Robert J. ('63-'65), Chicago,September 28, 1965, age 39.M E 0 I CAL A L U M NIB U L LET I N 23A NEW SCHOOL OF MEDICINE IN THE PACIFICEven before the University of HawaiiSchool of Medicine came into officialexistence in September, 1965, it was evident that it would be different from thedozen or so new institutions being established in the United States to meet thenation's need for more physicians.The school's uniqueness, of course,arises from the Islands' strategic geography: at the hub of Pacific commerce,where the cultural currents of the Orientmeet those of the Occident in a tropicalsetting. Prospering from these influencesis Hawaii's burgeoning multiracial population, now nearing 800,000. In this community, education and the new technology have become the guiding theme ofthe state government. The natural focusfor this propelling spirit is the University of Hawaii's verdant campus inHonolulu. Here, President Thomas H.Hamilton, Ph.D. '47, is spokesman fora faculty of 2,000 and 17,000 students.These were the attractions that luredDean Windsor C. Cutting from his pharmacology laboratory at Stanford to Hawaii two years ago. At that time RobertD. Tschirgi, '50, on leave from theUniversity of California,* had completeda feasibility and planning study for theproposed medical school. Four preclinical departments, including a separate department of genetics, had begun operation in a modern, five-story researchbuilding, where studies ranging from reovirus RNA to the ethnic epidemiology ofarterial hypertension were being conducted.Within the past year, the departmentsof anatomy, now associated with a seaside marine biology laboratory, pathology and medicine have been organized,completing the main units of the twoyear school.A new medical school has the opportunity, if not the obligation, to experiment in medical education. The facultyin Hawaii is adopting an eclectic approach, realizing that the school, ofnecessity, will need to function withincertain limitations. One restriction isthat since only a two-year program hasbeen authorized, our graduates will needto be prepared for the third and fourthyears of four-year schools elsewhere.Since several of these Mainland medicalschools have made major revisions af-* Presently Vice-Chancellor, University ofCalifornia, San Diego.24 M E 0 I CAL A L U M NIB U L LET I N By RIC;HARD K. BLAISDELL '48MedicineBLAISDElLfecting all four years of their curricula, the program in Hawaii will needto take these variations into account.Nevertheless, some of the distinctive, ifnot entirely novel, attributes of the newschool in the Islands may be cited:• There will not be the usual barrierbetween the pre-medical curriculumand the medical school program. Mostof the students will enter at the beginning of their senior year in college.For these pupils, the "two-year" program will extend over three years.Thus, a student may be taking aChinese language course while completing his studies in neurophysiology.This flexible arrangement also providesconsiderable free and elective time,and it allows admission of students toadvanced standing from other universities or from other programs withinthe University of Hawaii.• Research, at least to a modest extent, will provide opportunities for thejoy of discovery. This experienceshould cultivate critical intellectualhabits and promote clarity of thoughtand expression. It will give substanceto the concept of the medical scholaras a graduate student and a youngercolleague of the faculty. Completionof the program will qualify the student for the Master of Science degree.• Graduates of the program will besuitably prepared to: a) transfer tofour-year medical schools for the additional two years leading to the M.D. degree; b) continue toward a Ph.D.in a non-clinical science; or c) pursueother health-related careers.• Programs of the newly establishedSchool of Public Health will be closely coordinated with those of theSchool of Medicine. For example,courses in community medicine, biostatistics, and socio-cultural aspects ofillness, some involving summer fieldtrips to the Philippines or Tahiti, willbe given by the Public Health facultyor conjointly with the faculty of themedical school.• The character and philosophy ofthe curriculum will be reflected in thenew Health Sciences Hall, now beingdesigned by Edward Durell Stone. Thestructure will be on the main campus,close to the other science departmentsand a new graduate research library,and adjacent to sites that can be developed for future hospital facilities.The new building, with a broad, twostory base and a tower of seven floors,will house the Schools of Medicineand of Public Health. The interior willfeature student multi-discipline laboratories with individual study carrels,closed-circuit television, and videotaperecording equipment. Interdepartmental units will include the Computer Center and the Animal Facility.• Special attention will be given tostudent affairs-collectively and individually. Beginning with the crucialprocess of admissions, then throughoutthe medical program, and even beyondgraduation, counseling will be available.• The comparative smallness of thestudent body will provide an atmosphere of informality and opportunitiesfor cordial associations of students andfaculty.• Emphasis will be on student involvement as the essence of meaningful learning. For instance, the coursein anatomy will include assisting in thedelivery of a baby, dissection of a stillborn, and measurement and palpationin a clinic. The department of medicine will assume major responsibilityfor assisting the student in integrationof his experiences in the other coursesin the curriculum by confrontationwith patients. History-taking will becoordinated with instruction in psychiatry. The physical examination andlaboratory diagnosis will be considerednot merely as methods for detectingdisease, but as special tools for understanding the natural history of healthand of mechanisms of illness.• Clinical facilities have become available through affiliations with five hospitals in the city. All clinical instruction is being organized within the department of medicine, using a small,full-time staff and private physiciansin Honolulu. Investigation by the clinical faculty will be based initially atthe affiliated hospitals; however, laboratories for the department of medicine are also included in the newHealth Sciences building.• A school of nursing and programsin allied medical sciences, such asmedical technology, are already inoperation. Mutual benefits may be expected from their close ties with themedical school.• The international and cross-culturalquality of the institution will also beenhanced by proximity to the EastWest Center, established on the University campus in 1960, under theaegis of the U.S. Department ofState. At the Center, four hundredgraduate students from the Pacific andAsia live and study with two hundredWesterners. One outcome of the relationship has been the recent commitment of the Schools of Medicine andPublic Health to assist in health education in the Ryukyu Islands (Okinawa). Another has been the designationof the medical school as a participantin a proposed Regional Medical(Heart Disease, Cancer, Stroke) Program, to include American Samoa,Guam, and the Pacific Trust Territories. A third derivative is the expectation that as much as a fourth ofeach entering class of students willcome from out-of-state--not onlyfrom the Mainland United States andAlaska, but from other islands in thePacific and from bordering Asianlands.The timetable for these developmentsis now emerging. The first class will enroll in the Autumn of 1967. Although thestate legislature has authorized the admission of fifty pupils per class, accommodations are being readied for onlytwenty-five initially. Instruction duringthe first two years, until the HealthSciences building is completed in 1969,will be given in present campus classrooms and laboratories, and in affiliatedhospitals.A complete, four-year school remains for the future. Meanwhile, the clinicalfaculty will not only be sharing experiences with medical students but will alsobe responsible for housestaff trainingprograms in two general hospitals.Planning and implementing for a newschool involves first of all, people, andnext, facilities, where students and faculty can learn together and from eachother. In the second category, one of themost difficult of essentials to acquire inthe limited time available is an adequatemedical library. Many out-of-print materials, especially back issues of journals,cannot be readily purchased. One reasonfor my accepting the Bulletin editor's request to write this article was the opportunity it would give to appeal to University of Chicago and other graduatesto donate medical publications to ourfledgling school. Inquiries may be addressed to the Dean of the University ofHawaii School of Medicine, 2538 TheMall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822. Anotherreason for this writing is to express publicly our appreciation to C. PhillipMiller, Rush '18, for his generous con- tribution of a valuable collection ofmedico-historical pictures to our institution.As for people, it is apparent that personnel at several levels-students, houseofficers, faculty, administrators, nurses,and others in the health professionswill need to be recruited. We ask forUniversity of Chicago support in theseefforts also.The success of our pioneering endeavor will be measured in large part bythe performance of our graduates as theymove into four-year medical schools. Wehope that The University of Chicago aswell as other institutions will accept ourstudents for their last two years of medical school. Evaluations made during thiskey period of their training will reflectthe quality of their earlier medical instruction and will be particularly helpfulto us in our constant reappraisal of oureducational program.Dr, Blaisdell begins his appointmentas professor and chairman of the department of medicine at the University ofHawaii on July 1.BIOMEDICAL CAREER CONFERENCE, NOVEMBER 20, 1965The seventh Biomedical Career Conference was directed by Carol Newton,'60, assistant professor of medicine andmathematical biology. In the morning,each of the approximately two hundredstudents saw three demonstrationschosen from twenty-four research studiespresented by the faculty of the Division.The choice of subjects was wide. Inone project the methods for maintainingcirculation and respiration in cardiacarrest were illustrated, and studentscould practice the techniques with theaid of manikins. In another, demonstrating modern approaches to endocrinology, they watched the measurementand chemical identification of picogramamounts of radioactive hormones in rattissue and saw how the experimentaldata were automatically recorded andprocessed by a computer. A like diversityof subject matter and presentation methods marked the other demonstrationswhich ranged through the basic and clinical sciences.A separate morning program was arranged for the fifty teachers at the Center for Continuing Education. Each ofthe five speakers, after talking about opportunities for research in a particulararea of the biological sciences, describedprojects in which they were involved.Leon O. Jacobson, '39, reported onstudies of red blood cell formation. Rene Menguy talked about investigations onthe mechanisms by which aspirin causesgastric ulceration. Herbert Landahl,Ph.D., '41, discussed the ways in whichbiostatistics and mathematical biologyaid biomedical research. Studies of thespontaneous contraction of heart musclewere described by Hans Hecht, andRobert Moseley pointed out the relationship of the physical sciences to thedevelopment of diagnostic radiologyequipment.After lunch at the Center with thespeakers and other members of the faculty, the teachers joined the students forthe afternoon session. Dean of StudentsJoseph J. Ceithaml, Ph.D., '41, spokebriefly about the admissions and financialpolicies of the Division. Sidney Schulman, '41, neurology, and Clifford Gurney, '51, hematology, presented a clinical conference on pernicious anemia.President Beadle and Dean H. StanleyBennett concluded the program with adiscussion of anemia in terms of its relationship to their particular fields. Mr.Beadle talked about the genetic aspectsof the disease and Dr. Bennett outlinedits relationship to research in cell biology.Donald Greer, resident in surgery,was in charge of the junior and seniormedical students who served superbly asguides at both the '64 and '65 Conferences.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 2SBIOMEDICAL CAREERCONFERENCENovember 14, 1964Two hundred and fifteen high schooljuniors and seniors and their scienceteachers were guests at the 1964 CareerConference which was directed by WynnSayman, '53, of the surgery faculty. Inthe morning they were welcomed byDean H. Stanley Bennett and attendedtwo demonstrations which they hadpreviously chosen from a list of twentyone presented by members of the Divisional faculty. The subjects rangedthrough botanical studies, viruses, surgical transplants, drug detection, the useof computers, electron microscopy, radioisotope scanning, and various otherstudies in basic and clinical research.After lunch they heard short talks byDean of Students Joseph J. Ceithamland admissions officer Jon Nicholsonand attended a clinical conference on"Genetic Glandular Disturbance: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia." EdwardN. Ehrlich, medicine, and HaroldBoverman, '56, pediatric psychiatry,presented the clinical aspects of the case,and President Beadle concluded theprogram with a genetic explanation ofthe abnormality. He discussed some ofthe known ways in which alterations inthe genetic structure occur and howthese changes influence the expression ofheredity in living organisms.PICTURE CREDITSArchie Lieberman-cover, pp. 1-14, 20(Munger), 24; Joan Hill-pp. 17 (Ravitch), 18 (Eisenman), 19 (Law and Page),20 (Kahn); Joel Snyder-pp. 26,28; William Sloan, '67-p. 27.BULLETINof the Alumni AssociationThe University of ChicagoSCHOOL OF MEDICINEDIVISION OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES950 East 59th Street Chicago, Illinois 60637VOL. 21 WINTER 1966 No.2EDITORIAL BOARDJESSIE BURNS MACLEAN, SecretaryALICE ASHIN, Editorial AssociateARCHIE LIEBERMAN, Art EditorWRIGHT ADAMS ELEANOR M. HUMPHREYSRICHARD K. BLAISDELL HUBERTA LIVINGSTONERICHARD EVANS PETER V. MOULDERROBERT J. HASTERLIK W AL TER L. PALMERSIDNEY SCHULMAN26 M E 0 I CAL A L U M NIB U L LET I N In a pathology demonstration, ZELMA MOLNAR explains an electron micrograph ofhuman heart muscle indicating the functional repeating sub-units (sarcomeres) of the contractile protein. November 14, 1964ELWOOD JENSEN, Ph.D. '44, instructs a student in the dissection of rat tissue in a demonstration in the Ben May Cancer Research Laboratory. November 20, 1965Demonstrations of cardiovascular surgery are so popular that they have become a regular feature of the Career Conferences. Here,PETER MOULDER, '45, shows methods for evaluating ventricular function. November 20, 1965M E 0 I CAL A L U M NIB U LL E TIN 27