'olume 16 SPRING 19602 MEDICAL AL.UMNI BULLETINCARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY AT THEUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOBy MURRAY RABINOWITZAssistant Professor of Medicine and Research Associate in BiochemistryIn few areas of medicine have physiological methods and principles been sodirectly applied to diagnosis and treat­ment as in cardiology and cardiovascularsurgery. Today, blood-flow measure­ments and pressure recordings withinthe heart have become regular and es­sential determinations in any moderncardiovascular department. Rationalmedical or surgical treatment of heartdisease requires a firm understanding ofthe basic hemodynamic mechanismspresent as well as an exact diagnosis.The application of physiological techniques to patients has contributed great­ly to the phenomenal progress in cardio­vascular surgery during the last decade.Long before Andre Cournand appliedcardiac catheterization to patient studyin 1941, great strides in cardiovascularphysiology had been made. The broadprinciples governing the control of thecentral circulation as well as the fine details of its operation had already beenestablished. Furthermore, methods hadbeen perfected for the accurate measure­ment of cardiac output and regionalblood flows, the faithful recording of in­tracardiac pressures, and the analysis ofdye-dilution curves. When cardiac catheterization permitted direct observationsin the patient, the principles and methodology already established could beeasily transferred' to the study of thepathophysiology of heart disease.Today, the equipment of a cardiovascular laboratory has become alarminglyelaborate and complex, but in reality thework performed may be considered anextension of that done in animals byMarey, Fick, Starling, Wiggers, Stewart.Hamilton, Katz, and many others.RABINOWITZ Right- and Left-Heart CatheterizationJust as human hemodynamic studieshave stimulated advances in cardiac surgery, so the broadening of operative at·tack has led to a reciprocal elaborationand refinement of the physiological pro'cedures. Until recently, only the rightheart chambers and the 'pulmonary ar'tery could be entered by the long fie�'ble nylon venous catheters. Since thecorrection of mitral and aortic valvularstenosis and incompetency have be'come major surgical objectives, infermation about pressures within the leitMEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 3RABINOWITZ on the phone while EUGENE ANDERSON and KAPPIARETHNAIR carry on cardiac catheterization.heart became essential. An importantadvance was made when Hellems andDexter, and Werko independently, notedthat the pressure recorded when a cath­eter was wedged into a small pulmonaryartery represented that in the pulmo­nary venous system or in the left atri­um. More recently, direct measurementof pressures in the left atrium and ven­tricle has been possible by a variety ofreasonably safe procedures, includingneedle puncture of the left atrium by the posterior percutaneous, or by thetransbronchial approach, and by percu­taneous puncture of the left ventricle.Puncture of the left atrium through theinteratrial septum by way of the rightatrium and entry of the left ventricle byretrograde catheterization have also beenemployed with minimal risk.Catheterization can provide specificand quantitative diagnostic informationin a variety of ways. Valvular stenosiscan be demonstrated by the recording of a pressure gradient across the valve. Byrelating the height of this pressure gra­dient to the rate of blood flow throughthe valve, one can estimate the extentof the narrowing. The location and sizeof intracardiac shunts in congenital heartdisease can be established and measuredby determining the oxygen content ofblood obtained from the chambers of theheart. The appearance of arterializedblood in a chamber of the right heart es­tablishes the level of left-to-right intra-4 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINMeasuring cardiac output during exercise by the direct Fick method. NAIR and Nurse SHIRLEY HENWOOD and RABIlOWITZ counting.cardiac shunt. Passage of the catheterthrough the defect also serves to estab­lish the diagnosis. Dye-dilution tech­niques have contributed greatly to thespecificity of diagnosis. A densitometeris used which continuously records theconcentration of dye and the blood rap­idly pumped through it, after injectionof the dye into a specific cardiac cham­ber. Analysis of such curves can be usedto locate the site of a right-to-left shunt,to measure cardiac output, and to esti- mate the degree of valvular regurgitationthat may be present.Biplane Selective AngiocardiographyIn complex congenital anomalies, how­ever, even with extensive physiologicalexaminations, the information obtainedis not sufficient. In the cyanotic group inparticular, angiocardiography may benecessary for precise diagnosis and forthe visualization of anatomical detailsessential to successful surgical correc- tion. Today, angiocardiographic equiment is available which can take as maras six films per second in two planfollowing the rapid injection of a bohof radio-opaque dye. More recently, wi!the development of image amplificatiomoving pictures at 64 frames per secormay be taken of dye traversing normand abnormal pathways within the hearThese films can be studied leisurelframe by frame and offer a fine visualzation of abnormalities.Measuring pressures within the heart using an eight-channel oscillographic re­corder. Heart and catheter outlines are observed on closed circuit television screen.ANDERSON, NAIR, and RABINOWITZ and CLAUDE ORTEGA, electronics tech­nician.New Central LaboratoryAt the University of Chicago the pro­edures of cardiac catheterization andngiccardiography have been performedor over a decade. The increasing com­)lexity of the procedure made it advisa­Ile to centralize these activities in oneaboratory which maintains a trainednd continuing staff. The establishment)f an active cardiac surgical programmder the direction of Peter V. Mouldersing an efficient and effective extracor­»real circulation required that exact di-19nosis be done with facility and that«tive research into the pathophysiology)f acquired and congenital heart diseaseJe continued. A little over a year agohe Central Cardiovascular PhysiologyLaboratory began to function actively.\lthough nominally under the direction)f the Department of Medicine, its ac­tivities require the close and effectivetc-cperation of members of the depart­ments of Radiology, Surgery, and Pedi­atrics as well. Perhaps in no other area do departmental lines so radically over­lap.For maximum efficiency the angiocar­diographic and physiological laboratorieshave been combined, and both proce­dures are performed at one time. Greatflexibility therefore is obtained, since theprocedures can be adapted to the prob­lem at hand. Thus, if cardiac catheter­ization and dye-dilution techniques es­tablish the presence of a pulmonic steno­sis and a septal defect, they are thenfollowed by a selective angiocardio­graphic study which can outline the typeof stenosis, the length and shape of aninfundibular cavity, and the size of thepulmonary vessels which might beneeded for an anastomosis.The new laboratory has the most mod­em facilities for complete physiologicalstudy. Electronic and spectrophotomet­ric methods are used for blood and gasanalyses and for dye-dilution and radio­active-tracer techniques. The radiologi­cal equipment, with the recent additions,equals that available anywhere in the world. In addition to a biplane Scho­nander rapid film changer, capable oftaking 6 films per second in two planes,a biplane cine-angiocardiographic unithas just been· installed. Robert Moseley,professor of radiology, has been instru­mental in the acquisition and setting-upof the radiological equipment.With the well-equipped laboratory andtrained staff it becomes rather easy tomake accurate diagnoses of congenitaland acquired heart disease. However, thediagnostic activities of the Central Car­diovascular Laboratory are by no meansits principal function. Research projectsconcerning the pathogenesis of pulmo­nary hypertension and the developmentof improved methods for quantitation ofvalvular insufficiency are in progress.Problem of Pulmonary HypertensionOne of the greatest unsolved problemsconfronting the clinician and the sur­geon is that of the increased resistanceto blood flow in the arterioles of' thelung which often accompanies ventricu-6 MEDICAL AL UMNI BULLETINBiochemical technician GLADYS .MIMS reports results of spectrophotometricdetermination of oxygen saturation of intra-cardiac blood samples to MURRA YRABINOWITZ and radiologist, INGEMAR BERGSTRAND.lar and atrial septal defects, patent duc­tus arteriosus, and acquired valvular dis­ease. When these processes have reacheda certain stage, they become irreversi­ble, and corrective surgery becomes im­possible. Working in co-ordination withthe surgical group, the cardiovascularlaboratory hopes by the study of experi­mentally produced pulmonary hyperten­sion to determine factors precipitatingthis disorder and the means by whichprogression can be interrupted and re­versed. The effect of drugs, oxygen, and CO2 tensions upon the pulmonary arte­riolar resistances will be studied.Another approach illustrates how thebasic biochemical procedures may be ap­plied to physiological problems. Using amethod perfected by Sara Schiller in Al­bert Dorfman's laboratory at La Rabida,we are attempting to work. out proce­dures by which the polysaccharide com­ponents of pulmonary blood vessels maybe measured. Perhaps later the smallerpulmonary arterioles can be isolated andchemically analyzed. It is hoped that chemical differences may exist in differ­ent types of pulmonary hypertension.Biochemical ResearchesIn addition to its physiological func­tions, the cardiopulmonary laboratoryalso is engaged in basic biochemicalstudies. A completely equipped biochem­istry and enzymology laboratory is avail­able, and studies concerned with energymechanisms are being carried out. Atpresent no effort is being made to guidethese basic studies to areas of direct ap­plicability to clinical problems. Severalproblems are under investigation. Oneinvolves the enzymology and chemistryof phosphoproteins. Phosphoproteins areimportant nutrient materials for the em­bryo and the young but also are presentin all fractions of all cells. They possessan extremely rapid turnover rate forP32, much higher than that of nucleicacids or phospholipids. Their functionsare still obscure, though in part theymay represent phospho-enzyme inter­mediates in phosphate transferring proc­esses. Studies involving the enzymaticmechanisms responsible for phosphory­lation of proteins are being performed.The reaction is shown to be reversible,indicating that, although the phosphatein protein is attached by simple esterlinkage on the hydroxyl of serine, thephosphoprotein bond has a considerableenergy level. Natural phosphoproteins intissues are now being labeled, and at­tempts are being made to isolate them.Mechanics of Action of EpinephrineAnother area under investigation isthe study of the biochemical mechanismof the action of epinephrine. The workof Sutherland and of Krebs and Fischerhas done much to elucidate some of thechemical reactions involved in the stim­ulation of phosphorylase by epinephrine.Our laboratory is proceeding furtherwith aspects of this work. Thus far re­searches are in their preliminary stages.In conclusion, the Central Cardiovas­cular Laboratory is engaged in a broadprogram of diagnosis and research in­volving clinical, physiological, and bio­chemical techniques. A training programsupported by the United States PublicHealth Service has been established bywhich two to four research fellows in­terested either in the physiological or inthe biochemical areas or in both mayreceive training. It is hoped that bythese combined efforts some small addi­tional application of basic biochemicaland physiological principles can be madeto the cardiovascular field.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 78 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINTHE SENIORABELSON, DAVID WESTBorn Feb. 11, 1936; U. of Chicago, B.A., 1956, B.S.,1957; Intern.: Cook County H.; Orthopedics; Un­married; 11407 S. Union Ave., Chicago 28.ALLEN, WILLIAM CORWINBorn Sept. 30, 1934; Hiram College, B.A., 1956;Intern.: Philadelphia General H.; Orthopedics; Mar­ried; 5122 Cortland Ave., Ashtabula, Ohio.ANDREWS, FRANK BAKER, JR.Born July 3,1930; Princeton U., B.A., 1956; Intern.:Letterman Army H., San Francisco; General practice;Married; One child; 11109 S. Hoyne Ave., Chicago 43.ANDROS, GEORGEBorn June 21, 1935; Intern.: Los Angeles CountyH.; Surgery; Unmarried; 6257 N. Talman Ave., Chi­cago 45.BAKER, NEAL HERRENBorn Mar. 7, 1934; North Central College, Naper­ville, Ill., B.A., 1956; Intern.: Rockford Memorial H.,Rockford, Ill.; Internal medicine; Unmarried; 1450S.E. River Rd., Aurora, Ill.BALTER, LEONBorn Mar. 24, 1936; U. of Chicago, B.A., B.S., 1956;Intern.: Passavant Memorial H., Chicago; Psychiatryor internal medicine; Unmarried; 1421 Sixth Ave.,Beaver Falls, Pa.BOYUM, ALLAN JAMESBorn May 31, 1934; St. Olaf College, Northfield,Minn., B.A., 1956; Intern.: Ancker H., St. Paul; Gen­eral practice; Married; Peterson, Minn.BROWN, KENNETH STEPHENBorn Dec. 15, 1929; U. of Chicago, B.A., 1949;Intern.: Blodgett Memorial H.; Medical genetics;Married; Two children; Box 404, Dana Point, Calif.CANNON, DONALD CHARLESBorn Nov. 14, 1934; Harvard U., A.B., 1956; In­tern.; U. of California H. at Los Angeles; Pathology;Married; A.O.A.; 326 S. Hunter, Independence, Mo.CHERRY, RICHARD ALLENBorn June 17, 1928; Intern.: Billings; Internalmedicine; Married; One child; 5555 Maryland Ave.,Chicago 37; 2216 N. Lincoln Ave., Chicago 14.COMITER, DONALDBorn June 19, 1934; William and Mary College,B.S., 1956; Intern.: U. of Florida, Gainesville; Urol­ogy; Unmarried; 9503 Avenue B, Brooklyn 36, N.Y.COOK, SUSAN JANEBorn June 27, 1935; Intern.: Billings; Pediatrics;Unmarried; A.Q.A.; 7400 N. Bridge Lane, Milwaukee17, Wis.DAMEROW, EDWARD MORGANBorn Mar. 25, 1931; Union College, Alliance, Ohio,B.S., 1953; Intern.: Presbyterian-St. Luke's H.; Spe­cialty undetermined; Unmarried; 6089 Turpin HillsDr., Cincinnati 44, Ohio.DEKELBOUM, ALLEN MARVINBorn May 21, 1930; U. of California at Berkeley,B.A., 1956; Intern.: Moffitt General H., San Fran­cisco; Otolaryngology; Married; One child; 697Forty-second Ave., San Francisco, Calif.DINNER, ARNOLD LEEBorn Aug. 3, 1933; U. of Chicago, B.A., 1954, B.S.,1956; Intern.: Michael Reese H.; Psychiatry; Unmar­ried; 2919 W. Catalpa, Chicago 25.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 9:LASS OF 1960FERGUSON, LLOYD ALLENBorn Nov. 5, 1932; U. of Illinois, B.S., 1951, M.S.,1954; Intern.: Massachusetts General H.; Pathology;Married; Two children; A.O.A.; Box 352, Granbling,La.FISCHER, DONALD PHILLIPBorn July 5, 1936; U. of Chicago, B.A., 1956, B.S.,1957; Intern.: Billings; Internal medicine; Unmarried;3824 N. Sawyer Ave., Chicago 18.FRIEDLAND, SIGMUND WILLIAMBorn Sept. 17, 1936; Intern.: Billings; Internalmedicine; Married; 7420 Yates Ave., Chicago 49.FRITSCH, WILLIAM CHARLESBorn Mar. 31, 1934; U. of Illinois, B.S., 1956;Intern.: U. of Iowa H.; Internal medicine; Unmar­ried; 4418 Bryn Mawr Ave., Chicago 46.GIANETTO, CLAUDE ANTHONYBorn Oct. 2, 1934; Beloit College, B.A., 1956;Intern.: U. of Iowa H.; Medicine or pediatrics; Mar­ried; 602 Anderson Blvd., Geneva, Ill.HAGER, DONALD LEEBorn Oct. 23, 1930; U. of Colorado, B.A., 1956;Intern.: Billings; Orthopedic surgery; Married; 1919Spruce, Boulder, Colo.HANEL, ARNO HANSBorn Jan. 9, 1935; Oberlin College, B.A., 1956;Intern.: Billings; Pediatrics; Married; 8316 LangleyAve., Chicago 19; 12142 S. Seventy-third Ct., PalosHeights, Ill.HAWKINS, LELAND GREENEBorn Oct. 11, 1933; Beloit College, B.A., 1956; In­tern.: Los Angeles County H.; Orthopedics; Married;92 Fremont Place, Los Angeles 5, Calif.HEIMBACH, RICHARD DEANBorn Apr. 5, 1935; U. of Chicago, B.A., 1956, B.S.,1957; Intern.: Presbyterian-St. Luke's H.; Radiology;Married; One child; 13020 S. Greenwood Ave., BlueIsland, Ill.HELLER, ALFREDBorn July 23,1930; U. of Illinois, B.S., 1952; U. ofChicago, Ph.D., 1956; Intern.: Billings; Pharmacol­ogy; Married; A.O.A.; 7829 South Shore Drive, Chi­cago 49.HENDRICKS, KENNETH OLIVERBorn July 6, 1930; U. of Chicago, B.A., 1955; In­tern.: San Francisco General H.; Internal medicine;Unmarried; 4826 Henderson St., Chicago 41.HILL, JAMES ROWLANDBorn Oct. 12, 1930; Augustana College, B.A., 1952;Fellowship: U. of Colorado; Basic neurologic re­search; Unmarried; 105 Parkway Dr., Carthage, Ill.HINENBURG, PAUL AARONBorn Mar. 12, 1934; Yale U., B.S., 1955; Intern.:Billings; General surgery; Unmarried; 85-31 212thStreet, Queens Village, N.Y.HOFFER, MONROE MARKBorn July 15, 1935; Intern.: Navy H., Philadelphia;Pediatrics; Married; 280 Broadway, New York 7,N.Y.HUMPHREY, GEORGE BENNETTBorn Mar. 9, 1934; U. of Illinois, B.S., 1955; In­tern.: Billings; Internal medicine; Unmarried; 2242W. One Hundred and Ninth St., Chicago 43.THE SENIO,JANOWITZ, EDWARD ROBENBorn Mar. 25, 1934; Rutgers U., B.A., 1956; In­tern.: Montefiore H.; Medicine or pediatrics; Mar­ried; 69 Fourteenth Ave., East Paterson, N.J.JARABAK, JOSEPH W.Born Mar. 6, 1935; U. of Chicago, B.S., 1956; In­tern.: delayed for research work at Billings; Biochem­istry; Unmarried; 4302 Parrish, East Chicago, Ind.KAPLAN, PHILIPBorn Sept. 10, 1935; Cornell U., B.A., 1956; In­tern.: Beth EI H., Brooklyn; Ophthalmology; Un­married; 5502 Fourteenth Ave., Brooklyn 19, N.Y.KOHUT, ROBERT IRWINBorn Nov. 29,1932; Wittenberg College, A.B., 1956;Intern.: Billings; Otolaryngology; Married; Threechildren; 14933 S. Wabash, Dolton, Ill.LICHTENSTEIN, LAWRENCE MARKBorn May 31,1934; U. of Chicago, B.A., 1954; In­tern.: Iohns Hopkins H.; Medicine; Married; A.O.A.";1701 Cleveland Rd., Miami Beach, Fla.LOP AS, HARRYBorn June 26,1934; U. of Chicago, B.A., 1956; In­tern.: Colorado General H.; Internal medicine; Mar­ried; 5529 W. Washington St., Chicago 44.MALA WER, SIDNEY JOELBorn Nov. 2, 1934; Columbia U., B.A., 1956; In­tern.: U. of Florida, Gainesville; Internal medicine;Married; 13 Orchard Rd., Great Neck, N.Y.MALLER, HAROLD MARTINBorn Mar. 8, 1935; Cornell U., A.B., 1956; Intern.:Philadelphia General H.; Pediatrics; Married; Onechild; 558 E. Walnut, Long Beach, N.Y.MARGOLIS, GERALD JOSEPHBorn May 7, 1935; U. of Rochester, B.A., 1957; In­tern.: New York Upstate Medical Center; Psychiatry;Married; One child; 1700 Metropolitan Ave., NewYork 62, N.Y.MARVER, HARVEY SHERMANBorn Sept. 9, 1934; Roosevelt U., B.S., 1956; In­tern.: U. of Michigan H.; Internal medicine; Unmar­ried; 7033 Chappel Ave., Chicago 49.McGANN, CHARLES JAMESBorn May 8, 1931; U. of Chicago, B.A., 1956, B.S.,1957; Intern.: Kings County H., Brooklyn; Psychi­atry; Married; % Lechtman, 2440 Sedgwick Ave.,Bronx, N.Y.McTRUSTY, ROBERT LLOYDBorn Ian. 13, 1935; Intern.: Blodgett Memorial H.;Obstetrics & gynecology; Married; One child; 4914 N.Nineteenth St., Milwaukee 9, Wis.MILLER, DONALD GORDONBorn Sept. 14, 1929; U. of Chicago, B.S., 1957;Intern.: San Francisco General H.; Internal medicine;Married; One child; 940 Caterpillar Trail, East Peoria8, III.MITTMAN, CHARLESBorn June 11, 1935; U. of Chicago, B.A., 1956, B.S.,1957; Intern.: Billings; Internal medicine; Married;Two children; A.O.A.; 7727 South Shore Dr., Chicago49; 5024 N. Avers Ave., Chicago 32.MOODY, ROBERT ADAMSBorn Oct. 1, 1934; U. of Chicago, B.A., 1955, B.S.,1956; Intern.: Royal Victoria H., Montreal, Quebec;Neurosurgery; Married; One child; 3 Sheridan Rd.,Swampscott, Mass.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 11:LASS OP 1960NEWTON, CAROL MARILYNBorn Nov. 26, 1925; Stanford U., B.A., 1947, M.S.,1949, Ph.D., 1956; Intern.: Billings; Internal medi­cine; Unmarried; 5534 Dorchester Ave., Chicago 37.NICHOLS, WAYNE MELVILLEBorn May 12, 1931; U. of California at Los Angeles,B.A., 1956; U. of South Dakota Medical School, B.S.,1958; Intern.: Denver General H.; General practice;Married; One child; Box 252, Avalon, Catalina Is­land, Calif.ORSAY, PAUL KALMANBorn Sept. 18, 1934; U. of Chicago, B.A., 1956;Intern.: U. of Iowa H.; Surgery; Married; One child;412 Edgewood Pl., River Forest, Ill.OWENS, LYTTLETON KEMPERBorn June 25,1928; Franklin and Marshall College,B.S., 1948; Intern.: Harbor General H., Torrance,Calif.; Internal medicine; Married; 1138 NorthernParkway, Baltimore 12, Md.PLZAK, JANICE ELAINEBorn Apr. 30, 1937; U. of Chicago, B.A., B.S., 1957;Intern.: Jefferson Davis H., Houston; Pediatric sur­gery or pediatrics; Unmarried; 560 N. Washington St.,Hinsdale, Ill.POPS, MARTIN ALANBorn Mar. 4, 1934; U. of California at Los Angeles,B.A., 1956; Intern.: U. of California H., Los Angeles;Internal medicine; Married; One child; A.O.A.; 302N. McCadden Pl., Los Angeles 4, Calif.PORTER, ROBERT EDWARDSBorn Oct. 25, 1934; Beloit College, B.A., 1956; In­tern.: U. of Iowa H.; Medicine or obstetrics & gynecol­ogy; Married; One child; 619! College St., Beloit, Wis.POTTER, GUY DILLBorn Jan. 24, 1928; U. of Chicago, B.A., 1950, B.S.,1956; Intern.: Blodgett Memorial H.; Radiology;Married; 1555 E. Washington St., Charleston, W.Va.PRO, JULIO JOSEPHBorn Apr. 23, 1929; Chicago Musical College, B.A.,1952; Intern.: Rockford Memorial H., Rockford, Ill.;General practice or pediatrics; Married; 305 S. Rock­ton Ave., Rockford, Ill.RAY, CHARLES GEORGEBorn Dec. 24, 1934; Augustana College, A.B., 1956;Intern.: U. of Washington H.; Internal medicine;Married; 525 Twenty-eighth Ave., East Moline, Ill.RICH, J. GORDONBorn May 17, 1934; Duke U., B.A., 1956; Intern.:Columbia-Presbyterian H.; Orthopedics; Married;4412 Fellows St., South Bend, Ind.RILEY, WILLIAM JOHN, JR.Born Oct. 24, 1930; U. of Chicago, M.S., 1958; In­tern: delayed for research work at Billings; Neurol­ogy; Married; Two children; A.O.A.; 5553 MarylandAve., Chicago 37; 769 Collier Dr., San Leandro, Calif.ROBINSON, WILLIAM S.Born Nov. 24, 1933; Indiana U., A.B., 1956; U. ofChicago, M.S., 1960; Intern.: Columbia-PresbyterianH., Internal medicine; Unmarried; 315 Mitchell,Bloomington, Ind.ROZANSKY, NORMAN MATTHEWBorn Mar. 27, 1935; U. of Wisconsin, B.S., 1957;Intern.: Illinois Research & Educational H.; Ophthal­mology; Married; 7639 N. Greenview Ave., Chicago26.SCHOENSTADT, DAVID ALANBorn Oct. 1, 1935; Intern.: Orange County GeneralH., Orange, Calif.; Anesthesiology; Unmarried; 5203Blackstone Ave., Chicago 15.12 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINTHE SENIOR CLASS OF 1960SCHOOLAR, JOSEPH CLAYTONBorn Feb. 28, 1928; U. of Tennessee, B.A., 1950,M.S., 1952; U. of Chicago, Ph.D., 1957; Intern.: Bill­ings; Pharmacology; Unmarried; Rena Lara, Miss.SEED, RANDOLPH WILLIAMBorn May 1, 1933; Harvard V., B.A., 1954; Intern.:U. of Michigan H.; Surgery; Married; 923 N. Elm­wood, Oak Park, Ill.SMITH, BRIAN NEWBA ITBorn Aug. 5, 1928; U. of Chicago, B.S., 1957; In­tern.: Billings; Internal medicine; Married; Threechildren; 5400 University Ave., Chicago 15.SNYDER, MARK ALDENBorn June 25, 1934; U. of Denver, B.A., 1956; In­tern.: Strong Memorial H., U. of Rochester; Surgery;Unmarried; 1364 E. Fifty-eighth St., Chicago 37.SPENCER, EDWARD MONROEBorn Dec. 14, 1934; Ohio State U., B.A., 1956; In­tern.: Blodgett Memorial H.; General practice orpediatrics; Unmarried; Box 148, Mason, W.Va.T AEBEL, DUANE WINFIELDBorn June 2, 1934; Beloit College, B.S., 1956; In­tern.: Billings; Internal medicine; Married; A.O.A.;5715 Drexel Ave., Chicago 37; 323 N. Elizabeth St.,Lombard, Ill.THORP, FRANK KEDZIEBorn Apr. 29, 1936; Michigan State U., B.A., 1955;Intern.: delayed for research work at Billings; Pedi­atrics; Unmarried; A.O.A.; 227 Oakhill Ave., EastLansing, Mich.VINIK, MELVINBorn Dec. 15,1936; Intern.: Jackson Memorial H.,Miami, Fla.; Obstetrics & gynecology; Married; 5301S.W. Fifth Terrace, Miami, Fla.WEINSHELBAUM, EDWARD I.Born Oct. 11, 1934; U. of Chicago, B.A., 1955, B.S.,1956; Intern.: Billings; General surgery; Unmarried;6705 N. Whipple St., Chicago 45.WILEY, BRUCE ERELBorn Dec. 1, 1934; Oberlin College, B.A., 1956;Intern.: Highland-Alameda County H., Oakland,Calif.; Specialty undetermined; Unmarried; 845 N.Cuyler, Oak Park, Ill.WILSON, LOWELL D.Born May 11, 1933; U. of California, B.A., 1955;Intern.: Highland-Alameda County H., Oakland,Calif.; Medicine; Unmarried; 307 Shirley Vista, ElSobrante, Calif.WOLPERT, EDWARD ALANBorn Apr. 22,1930; U. of Chicago, B.A., 1950, M.A.,1954, Ph. D., 1959; Intern.: Illinois Research & Edu­cational H.; Psychiatry; Married; A.O.A.; 1801 N.Orleans, Chicago 14; 5704 N. Kenmore Ave., Chicago40.WOODS, JOAN BRUCEBorn Dec. 21, 1930; U. of Chicago, B.S., 1960; In­tern.: Jefferson Davis H., Houston; Specialty un­decided; Unmarried; 3629 Cragmont St., Dallas, Tex.YUSIN, ALVIN SHELDONBorn Feb. 12, 1935;' Brooklyn College, B.A., 1956;Intern.: Philadelphia General H.; Pediatrics; Mar­ried; 2162 E. Eighth St., Brooklyn 23, N.Y.ZW AANSTRA, JOHNBorn June 25, 1934; Calvin College, A.B., 1956; In­tern.: Colorado General H.; Internal medicine; Un­married; 4200 E. Ninth Ave., Denver, Colo.; 2440 S.Ash, Denver 22, Colo.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINOF MEDICINE FOUN p�Reo BY""ULAND STANf'OJ:2D""O��OB�����n��o�o��ou"'" BELOVED F'AcUL.,-YCase ConferenceREHABILITATION OF A PATIENT WITHCEREBRAL DYSGENESIS (U. of C., 00-19-60)Chief Complaint: Unsteady gait; slow to learn.Family History: Pt. descended from a long line of doctors,lawyers, merchants, teachers, housewives, etc. Parents are inCounty Poor House.Birth History: The pt. was born in October, 1956, the prod­�ct of an eventful gestation variously estimated at three tolour years. Although miscarriage seemed imminent somewhere�etween the dogfish and chick stages, the embryo survived.Delivery proved somewhat embarrassing in that the fetus pre­;ented its breech first, but the sure hands of obstetrician JosephCeithaml assured successful entry into the new environment.l'he neonate wasted no time in demonstrating a lusty cry. Feeding History: The pt. had difficulty at first with its for­mula of 40 per cent formalin and had about three colicky epi­sodes a week, but pediatrician Bill Kabisch used the gavagetechnique, and the infant managed to gain a bit. By its secondyear the pt. was digesting a good deal of meaty ration. Duringthe third year the pt. came down with an eleven-week attack offulminating FBD, thought to be an intolerance to a crow diet.Among the attempts at therapy were a soft diet, forced feedings,and supplementary feedings at 8, 12, and 5. The fourth year hasseen much less gastrointestinal disturbance. The NutritionClinic influenced the pt. to try a reducing diet, but a noticeablepaunch has developed anyway. 1314 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINDevelopmental History:LocomotiveFirst year ..... Crawled CreativeUsed hands in play, as in cut­ting, washing glasswareLearned use of educational toys(microscope, oscilloscope,oph thalmoscope, otoscope)Learned use of uneducationaltoys (idiot sticks, applicatorsticks, finger sticks, Uristix)Experimented with grown-uptoys (e.g., therapeutic arma­mentarium)Second year ... Attempted to standThird year .... Stumbled, crept,crawled; put feetin mouthFourth year ... Stood on own twofeetPast History: Fruton-Simmons disease (relapsing echolalia);Perkins'pneumoconiosis (anthracosis kymographicum); Chow'shypoglossal atrophy (apraxia orientalis).Present Illness: In 1958 this child was admitted to AMBHwith complaints of unsteady gait and slowness in learning. Thept. had previously been scrutinized in the University's basicscience labs, where opinions had ranged from optimistic (Dr.Rhines) to hopeless (Dr. Burrows). Among the schemes em­ployed to arouse the pt. 's dormant intellect were visual aids byDrs. DeBruyn, Wissler, Steiner, et al.; "Learning with Animals"by Drs. Perkins, Krahl, Wool, Roth, et al.; etc. Nothing wasfound to penetrate the pt.'s osteopetrotic cranium.During the months preceding admission, the pt. was caughton many occasions roaming the halls of AMBH tapping thewalls, playing with doctor's equipment, and molesting patientswith needles and other dangerous objects. This was consideredindication for admission to the hospital for an extensive workup.Course in the Hospital: In keeping with the AMBH policyon complex clinical problems, the pt. was seen in every servicein the hospital. On Medicine, Dr. Pullman phoned in from hisyacht to offer a diagnosis of acute irreversible microcephaly.Dr. Alving growled that the pt. was "too damned fat"; Dr.Arnold spoke of cerebral lupoid and suggested needle biopsyof the third ventricle. Neurology was called in to help locatethat structure after Cardiology insisted it was not part of theheart, but the former service was occupied looking for Dr.Richter's glasses. Dr. Kenyon was consulted and, while be­musing the state of the pt.'s pituitary, wandered down the halland was never seen again. Throughout this period the pt. hadalternating constipation and diarrhea, insomnia, and choreicmovements of the writing hand. The GI service had the pt.take long walks around the hospital chasing Drs. Palmer,Kirsner, and their road company, but this only precipitatedhypoglycemic shock after lunch was missed.After three harrowing months, the pt. was smuggled off toSurgery. His record was reviewed, and it was decided that totalexcision of the third ventricle was preferable to a biopsy. Dr.Moulder then explained that mammals had but two ventricles,whereupon M-137 rocked with laughter over the "Medicineboys' goof." Dr. Prohaska recommended a navelectomy, andeveryone cheered. This had to be canceled because the pt. de­veloped postural hypotension and was rushed off to Bobs, overthe protests of Dr. Huggins, who wanted to remove the pt.'sadrenals and have a look at them. The pt. survived.The pt. rallied on Pediatrics, perhaps because he found theother pts. on B-2 and B-3 more his mental equal. Lulled intoa sense of greater security by Dr. Wright's skill in handling infantile behavior problems and by Dr. Seckel's tales of 011Heidelberg, the pt. improved sufficiently to be tried as an outpatient. Here he found the association with mothers quitrthreatening. The psychiatrists placed the pt. in their total puslprogram for three and a half weeks in hopes of resolving thestdeep-seated problems. He emerged from this period with insighiinto his idiotic behavior, his strength regained after hours sleep.ing in a sitting position, and his table-tennis vastly improvedDuring the second year of the pt.'s hospitalization he wa:deemed ready for admission to Lying-in to relive the birtltrauma. For two of six weeks he was involved in P.T. (PlacentaTherapy), an obsolete form of pedagogy disdained by moderrinstitutions. The pt. needed frequent reprimands by the hierar·chy for venturing near the delivery tables before the newborrhad been extricated. A week was spent looking intent while Dr.Davis performed thirty-two hysterectomies and Dr. Fugo didthirty-two abdominal closures. During his three weeks in theWest Office the pt. watched the same Dr. Fugo pinch studentnurses and growl, "Let's see old M. E. do that!" AMBH lookedgood to the pt. after six weeks in the Ovary Tower, so goodthat he ventured into its most esoteric corners. Here he foundfriends in Drs. Rothman, Strandjord, and others who penetratedhis dark intellectual world and aroused a flicker of curiosity,The pt. has been followed in the OPD for much of this lastyear with notable amelioration of symptoms. The ataxic gait,garbled speech, and mental dullness evident earlier have givenway to a more stable, lucid, mature figure who shows promisefor the future. This was evident in Surgery clinics, where noradical procedures were proffered. Actually there was no oneavailable to operate, since much of the surgery staff had retiredto Chicago-by-the-Sea, a West Coast spa run by the popularand wealthy Dr. "Garry" Allen, author, raconteur, and occa­sional surgeon. The pt. seemed disturbed at this migration butwas reassured by Dean Coggeshall, who pointed out that onlyfive of fifty-five members of the surgical staff had left. Twosurgeons, four residents, and forty-nine scrub nurses remainedloyal. Dr. Coggeshall resigned two weeks later.The pt. was seen in all the medical clinics as well. Havingdisplayed his first flicker of competence, he was admitted intothe cryptic cult of "The Bix Six," "The Liver Profile," andother grown-up rituals. He could not help but benefit from thegentle wisdom of Dr. Buchanan, the bedside finesse of Drs.Palmer and Kirsner, the relentless objectivity of Dr. Pullman,the all-round excellence of Drs. Jacobson, Ricketts, and manyothers, or the inspiring leadership of Miss Newhouse, Chief ofMedicine V. Others among the U. of C. staff gave the pt. some­thing invaluable of themselves: the late Dwight Clark, a mantoo fine for ordinary eulogy; Drs. Rothman, Humphr,eys, Can­non, Dragstedt, Geiling, Hodges-"retired" names etched onthe history of medicine.So, despite his tender years and long history of nitwitism.the pt. has been sent out into the world with a favorable prog­nosis and a fair chance to vindicate the patience and effort ofthe entire faculty.Impression: Intellectual capacity somewhere above high­grade moron level.Disposition: To be discharged 6-11-60. To return q. 5-10yrs. for re-evaluation.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 15SENIOR SESSION,SCIENTIFICSince 1947 the program known as themNIOR SCIENTIFIC SESSION has beenjffered under the sponsorship of the Medi­cal Alumni Association. It consists of reportson research done during their medical school),ears by members of the graduating class.This year seventeen papers will be pre­vnted in two parts, morning and afternoon,on Monday, June 6. Students of all fourclasses will be excused from classes andclinics in order to attend.The committee-Leon O. Jacobson, '39,Hilger Perry Jenkins, '27, and John F.Perkins, Jr.-extends a warm invitation toall alumni to come to this program and seefor yourselves how fine it is. It is their con­viction that no other single demonstrationso richly illustrates the caliber of our gradu­ates and the quality of their education.German UndergraduateMedical EducationBy GEORGE ANDROSMedicineThis is a study of the significant dif­ferences between German and Americanundergraduate medical education. Itgrew out of nearly four months of elec­tive study in the fall of 1959 at the Dus­seldorf Medical Academy, Germany.These differences begin with admissionrequirements; the prospective Germanstudent need be only a certificated Gym­nasium graduate. About 10 per cent ofthe entering students are foreign citizensand about 30 per cent are females.In medical school the German studentis allowed a great deal of freedom. Dur­ing the preclinical semesters he is intro­duced to the widely used lecture sys­tem. The physicum, the cumulative ex­amination at the end of the five pre­clinical semesters, is practically the onlyexamination up to that time and ispassed by 70 per cent of the studentstaking it.The students who pass and go on findlecture and laboratory courses in phar­macology, pathology, and microbiology,as well as physical diagnosis and history­taking, taught with the traditional clini­cal subjects such as internal medicineand surgery. Students attend five to sixclinical lectures per day. Though theselectures constitute the primary teachingtool, they are supplemented by coursesin clinical ward rounds and work in theoutpatient department. Furthermore, ev­ery student must work a total of at leastthree months as an extern on the wards in the specialty of his choice during hisvacations. After satisfactorily finishingsix clinical semesters the student is eligi­ble to take the Staats examination, en­ter a compulsory two-year rotating in­ternship, and then practice or continuehis training in a residency program. TheStaats examination after medical schoolis the last one required, since none is re­quired for specialty-board membership.Up through and including residency,about 95 per cent of students write aDoctor's thesis.Corticosteroids and Incorpora­tion of C4 into Nucleic Acidby Isolated Rat DiaphragmBy LLOYD A. FERGUSONPhysiologyThe incorporation of C14-labeledamino acids into protein is increased indiaphragms from adrenalectomized ratsand decreased in diaphragms from cor­tisone-treated animals. The exact mech­anism by which adrenal cortical hor­mones bring about these alterations isnot known. Recent evidence indicatesthat an intracellular action on proteinsynthesis may be involved. In the pres­ent experiments the effect of adrenalec­tomy and cortisone administration onthe incorporation of C14-labeled pre­cursors into the nucleic acid fraction ofisolated rat diaphragms was studied,having in mind the possibility that nu­cleic acid synthesis may be the intra­cellular process on which adrenal corti- cal steroids exert their influence on pro­tein biosynthesis.Isolated rat diaphragms were incu­bated in Krebs-Henseleit medium con­taining a C14-labeled nucleic acid pre­cursor. At the end of the 2-hour incu­bation period, nucleic acids in the dia­phragms were isolated and their radioac­tivity determined.When adenine-s-Ct! was the substrate,incorporation of C14 into the nucleicacid fraction of diaphragms from nor­mal rats was 5551 ± 234 (18);* adrenal­ectomy enhanced (9673 ± 526 [16])and cortisone-depressed (4460 ± 189[18]) incorporation. Considerably lessradioactivity was incorporated into mus­cle nucleic acid when incubation waswith thymine-z-Ct+; control values were195 ± 50 (6), and incorporation was notsignificantly altered by adrenalectomy(162 ± 35 [6]) or by cortisone (147 ±40 [6]). The results indicate thatchanges in RNA synthesis parallel al­terations in protein biosynthesis. DNAturnover is apparently less rapid thanthat of RNA and is uninfluenced by cor­ticosteroids.* Results are expressed as cpm/IOO mgdiaphragm (wet weight). Values are mean± S.E. of mean; number of observations inparentheses.Apparent Light Scattering byErythrocyte SuspensionsBy DONALD P. FISCHERPhysiologyThe photometric method for estima­tion of particle size has been reviewedin this study. Data for the human eryth­rocyte are presented.An empirical formula, expressing thedependence of optical density of a sus­pension of osmotically responsive par­ticles on various factors was previouslyfound by Tedeschi and Harris in 1958,for mitochondrial suspensions:cp = K l/C + f3'8 (1 + a t::..RI) ,where cp is the reciprocal of optical den­sity; C is the osmotic strength of thesuspending medium in osmoles; t::..RI isthe difference in refractive index be­tween that of the suspending mediumand pure water; and K, f3'8, and a are16 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINempirical constants. This equation is for­mally analogous toV = k uc + b,where V is the total particle volume, bis the "osmotic dead space," and k is anempirical constant. Because of this for­mal analogy, measurements of opticaldensity may be used to study volumechanges such as are encountered in thestudy of permeability.In general, the optical density oferythrocyte suspensions changes withvariation of external osmotic pressureand external refractive index in a fash­ion similar to that of mitochondrial sus­pensions.A physical basis for the observedchanges was sought in the Mie theory,which relates the intensity of light scat­tering to the refractive index of theparticle, to the refractive index of thesuspending medium, and to the particlesize. The experiments show that the op­tical density varies in a manner quali­tatively predicted by the Mie theory.However, the quantitative relationshipmay depend upon the type of instru­ment used to measure the optical den­sity.Non-cellular Transmission ofMouse LeukemiaBy G. BENNETT HUMPHREYBiochemistry (ACRH)Induction of leukemia in recipientD BA/ 2 mice by suspensions of leukemicspleen cells sonicated for varying inter­vals of time was studied. Sonication de­creased leukemogenesis to a minimumat about 15 minutes, after which therewas an increase in activity with a maxi­mum at about 30 minutes. No leukemiawas observed after sonication for 60minutes. These results suggest that, afterthe initial destruction of the cells, thereis release of a subcellular material capa­ble of inducing leukemia.Studies with another leukemia in CF 1mice also demonstrate the existence of anon-cellular, heat-labile leukemogenicfactor for adult mice. Cell-free asciticfluid from leukemic mice has been pre­pared by centrifugation and has beencarried serially through seven passageswithout significant diminution of activ­ity. These data are suggestive of theviral nature of this leukemia.Ethanol or ammonium sulfate frac­tionation of a cell-free supernatant yields an insoluble precipitate which containsmost of the activity. The activity can bepartially dissolved from this precipitateby plasmin. The plasmin solubilized ma­terial represents a hundred-fold purifica­tion of the activity.Attempts at purification by ion ex­change yielded no leukemogenic frac­tions when the assay mice were ob­served for 33 days. At this time sub­lethal radiation quickly induced leuke­mia in all groups of mice except thosereceiving only radiation. These data sug­gest an increase in host susceptibilityby radiation or the induction of a tem­perate virus.Some Aspects of the Stereo­specificity of EnzymeReactionsBy JOSEPH JARABAKBen May Laboratory and BiochemistryThe work of Vennesland, Westheim­er, and their colleagues has shown thatpyridine nucleotide-linked dehydrogen­ases catalyze a reversible transfer of hy­drogen between the nicotinamide ring ofthe nucleotide and the substrate. Thistransfer is stereospecific for the sub­strate as well as for the pyridine nucleo­tide. Each enzyme transfers only one oftwo hydrogens located at C4 of the nico­tinamide ring, some transferring fromone side and some from the other. The DPN-linked bacterial enzymes,3a- and (3- and 17-) ,8-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenase, as well as the 17 fJ-hy­droxysteroid dehydrogenase of humanplacenta, which reacts with both DPNand TPN, were studied for their stereo­specificity of hydrogen transfer. The ex­periments were carried out in order todetermine if the steric configuration ofthe steroid influenced the steric coursefor the pyridine nucleotide.Epiandrosterone was oxidized to andro­stane-3,17-dione, with DPN labeled withtritium at the C4 of the nicotinamidering in the presence of ,8-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenase. The steric configurationof the isotope in the reduced DPN wasthen determined by appropriate enzy­matic techniques.In a similar manner the stereospeci­ficities of 3 a-hydroxy-steroid dehydro­genase and of the DPN- and TPN­linked functions of the placental enzymewere determined. The stereospecificityof the placental enzyme as a transhydro­genase was also studied.The results of these experiments dem­onstrate that, in each of the five reac­tions studied, hydrogen is removed fromthe beta side of the nicotinamide ring.It is concluded that, although two en­zymes may oxidize epimeric hydroxylgroups of steroids, this does not controlthe stereospecificity of the reaction forthe pyridine nucleotide.Studies on TryptophanMetabolismBy HARVEY S. MARVERMedicine (ACRH)Four of the B vitamins have been im­plicated in the regulation of the trypto­phan-niacin pathway. With the develop­ment of improved analytical methods.this pathway, then, provides an ap­proach to the in vivo evaluation of anumber of biologically significant fac­tors.There have been recent reports of theelevated excretion of tryptophan metab­olites in a number of disorders, includ­ing bladder carcinoma, collagen dis­eases, and erythrogenesis imperfecta.Paper-and-column chromatographic de­terminations of a number of the urinarymetabolites of the tryptophan-kynure­nine pathway have been performed onpatients with a variety of hematologicand hepatic disorders. These studieshave, in part, disclosed unique abnor-MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 17malities in hypoplastic anemia and hep­atolenticular degeneration.Two children with congenital hypo­plastic anemia and one adult with idio­pathic acquired aplastic anemia excreted70, 90, and 79 mg. of kynurenine, re­spectively (control: 8.8 ± 2.0 mg. in 24hours). Liver disease secondary to trans­fusion hemosiderosis is tentatively ex­cluded by finding near-normal metabolicprofiles in patients with other forms ofanemia, following extensive transfusiontherapy.Several patients with parenchymalliver disease demonstrated an elevatedexcretion of a number of urinary me­tabolites; however, the excretion of ky­nurenine was under 30 mg. in all in­stances except Wilson's disease, in whichcase these patients each excreted morethan 40 mg. of kynurenine, accompaniedby an increased excretion of hydroxy­kynurenine.The abnormal excretion of tryptophanmetabolites in occasional asymptomaticrelatives of patients with erythrogenesisimperfecta and Wilson's disease suggeststhat these abnormalities may representbasic features rather than acquired con­sequences of the disorders.Standardization of thevan den Bergh Reactionfor Serum BilirubinBy CHARLES JAMES MCGANNPediatricsIn the attempt to standardize a micro­method for the determination of serumbilirubin in premature infants, difficultywas encountered in the use of commer­cially available bilirubin preparations.Duplication of calibration curves previ­ously reported in the literature couldnot be achieved, and data available onthe van den Bergh reaction were nothelpful in the solution of this problem.Using the Kingsley modification ofthe original technic of Malley and Eve­lyn and working rapidly with as freshsolutions as possible, a consistent and,for the first time, highly reproduciblecurve was established. The calibrationcurve obtained has a slope 20 per centhigher than many previously reported inthe literature. The bilirubin prepara­tions used were not considered thecause. Rather the indicator properties ofazobilirubin and the marked instabilityof bilirubin pigment in conventionallyemployed solvents such as chloroform- methanol solution appear to account forthe differences noted.The previously reported calibrationexperiments are not necessarily incorrect,but the danger of falsely low calibrationcurves, resulting in higher apparent se­rum bilirubin levels, must be recognized,especially where the absolute serum bili­rubin level is used as the criterion forclinical procedures such as exchangetransfusions.Non-uniform PulmonaryDiffusion: The Effectof Lung VolumeBy CHARLES MITTMANMedicine (Chest)Evidence from several sources demon­strates that ventilation and perfusionare distributed unevenly throughout thelung. Considering the dependence of dif­fusion on pulmonary capillary bloodflow, it would not be surprising to findnon-uniformity in the distribution of dif­fusing capacity throughout the lung. Ev­idence of such non-uniformity was firstreported by Forster using a modificationof the Krogh breath-holding method fordetermining the pulmonary diffusing ca­pacity.Employing a technic similar in princi­ple to the Krogh method, but using "si­multaneous" wash-out curves for car­bon monoxide and an inert gas, evidenceof non-uniform diffusion has been ob­served. Further, it was demonstrated inhuman beings that such non-uniformityincreased with increasing lung volume.The "simultaneous" wash-out methodwas applied to the experimental animalwhere evidence of non-uniform diffusionwas readily observed. The effect ofchanging lung volume was studied in theartificially ventilated intact dog and theisolated, artificially ventilated and per­fused dog 'lung.It is suggested that the observed in­crease in non-uniformity of diffusionwith increasing lung volume results fromthe inflation of areas of the lung whichare poorly perfused at normal lung vol­ume and do not increase their perfusionproportionally when inflated. Changes in the Blood-BrainBarrier after Exposureof the BrainBy ROBERT ADAMS MOODYNeurosurgeryThis work was done in an attempt todiscover whether exposure of the brainresulted in changes in brain-blood-vesselpermeability that could be demonstratedby fluorescent compounds. The brains ofadult male rabbits were exposed to airfor 45 minutes following skull trephina­tion. The skin was then sutured over thedefect. Two series of animals were pre­pared, one with the dura cut, the otherwith the dura intact. Fluorescent amino­acridine dyes, to which the normalblood-brain barrier is impermeable,were injected 30 minutes before sacri­ficing the animals. One to four animalsin each series were sacrificed at intervalsranging from 30 minutes to 21 days. Thetissues obtained were frozen-dried andlater imbedded in paraffin. Sections weremicrophotographed under ultravioletlight, necessary for fluorescence of thedyes, and comp-ared with alternate sec­tions stained with hematoxylin and eosin.The results showed that the dyes hadpenetrated from the blood vessels intothe brain substance. As the dyes have anuclear affinity, they could be- observedstaining neurons and glia. This permea­bility reached its height 3 days after ex­posure, gradually returning to normal by21 days. Results were similar in bothseries, but were more pronounced whenthe dura was cut. The hematoxylin andeosin sections showed the signs of cere­bral edema, such as distension of theperivascular and peri neuronal spaces,and a spongy-type parenchyma. The de­gree of edema correlated well with thepermeability of the dye.It was concluded that cerebral edema,produced by exposure of the brain, iscorrelated with a reversible increase inblood-brain-barrier permeability.18 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINComputers in MedicalResearchBy CAROL M. NEWTONMedicine and Radiology (ACRH)Complexity inherent in many biologi­cal problems and desirability of mini­mizing time lost by biological research­ers in cumbersome reduction of experi­mental data are opening new avenues forthe use of digital and analogue comput­ers.Digital computers execute a sequenceof simple commands: "add," "divide,""recall data at a given memory address,"etc. Advantages include twelve-place ac­curacy and the ability to store vastamounts of data. Disadvantages includethe cost and maintenance of the basicinstallation, complexity of program­ming, and relative inflexibility of re- The Effect of Amphotericin Bon Histoplasma CapsulatumInfection in the Rabbit-EarChamberBy C. GEORGE RAYPreventive MedicineExperimental infection with the my­celial phase of Histoplasma capsulatumwas observed in the Barclay modifica­tion of the rabbit-ear chamber. The tis­sue responses and subsequent release ofyeasts in treated and untreated animalswere compared by using still- and time­lapse photomicrography.The progression of the untreated in­fection was followed in four chambers.These showed leukocytic exudation with­in 6 hours, increasing for 3 days, thengradually clearing, with evidence ofsponse to the researcher's interventionduring a calculation.Analogue computers construct a dy­namic, electrical model of a physicalprocess. They operate upon and yieldcontinuous graphs or functions ratherthan discrete numbers. Advantages in­clude relative economy, relative simplic­ity of programming, and the possibilityof simultaneous graphical display of agiven variable at several interactingparts of a complex system. Flexibility ofresponse to the researcher's interventionduring calculation is especially helpfulin optimizing the reconciliation of 'ex­perimental findings at various parts of asystem by an adjustment of parametersin the theoretical description of theproblem. Restriction to three significantfigures usually is a minor disadvantagein biological research.These comparisons will be illustratedby (1) the description of Univac's re­cent application to dosimetry problemsconcerning plane scanning and rotation­al therapy by the Argonne Cancer Re­search Hospital linear electron accelera­tor and (2) the proposed use of analoguecomputers here in compartment prob­lems. macrophagic activity up to the tenthday. Thereafter, intensive inflammationresulted in thrombosis and necrosis with­in several days. Spore disintegration wasevident by the third day, the majorityrupturing to release yeasts by the tenthday after infection.The influence of intravenous ampho­tericin B was observed in twelve in­fected chambers. Six animals weretreated prophylactically, while therapywas withheld in the others until thetenth day after infection. In prophylac­tic treatment the immediate responsecleared rapidly and remained quiescentafter cessation of therapy. On delayedtherapy the acute inflammation was ar­rested within 2 days, followed by rapidhealing. Therapy did not alter the order­ly breakdown of the spores.Although the infection was suppressedby both methods of therapy, culturesand fluorescent antibody staining provedthe presence of yeasts in the delayed­therapy group. Serial complement fixa­tion and skin tests remained negative inthe treated animals but became positivein untreated animals 16 days after in­fection. It can be concluded that amphoteB is an effective agent against Histo,ma capsulatum, capable of suppresbut not killing, the intracellular orisms.The Effects of Alloxan Diab�and Insulin on the Amino AIncorporating Activity ojRat-Liver MicrosomesBy WILLIAM S. ROBINSONPhysiology·Liver from alloxan-diabetic ratspreviously been shown to have anpaired capacity to incorporate C14_lacamino acids into protein. To investithe basis for this defective peptidethesis, the components of a cell­amino acid-incorporating systemscribed by Zamecnik et al. were isolfrom rat liver by differential centriftion. To incorporate C14-amino acidprotein, this system was found to reqthe following: liver microsomes sedimed at 105 ,OOOxg ; the soluble frac(105,OOOxg supernatant) or the anacid-activating enzymes precipit,from the soluble fraction at pH 5.2redissolved at pH 7.6; guanosinephosphate; adenosine triphosph(ATP) and an ATP-generating sys(e.g., phosphenol pyruvate and pyrukinase); and a critical concentratioimagnesium ion. These components,incubated at 370 C. and ph 7.6 withleucine-1-C14 .Microsomes from insulin-treatedwere found to incorporate C14-leucinfto protein at a higher than normal rmicrosomes from severely diabeticat an impaired rate (expressed as c.)incorporated per milligram microsprotein per unit time).With this system the change occuspecifically in the microsomes, and noference in activity of amino acid �vating enzymes was found in diab:normal, and insulin-treated animals.effect was found when insulin was ilbated in vitro with microsomes from Imal liver.These results suggest that in seidiabetes, or with prolonged insulin trment, there are changes in protein-synsizing capacity at intracellular site!liver. Such changes may contribute todecreased ability of liver cells to synsize protein in diabetes.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 19Post-ganglionic Vagotomy:A New TechnicBy DAVID SCHOENSTADTSurgeryThe vagus nerve may be divided phys­ilogically into pre-ganglionic and post­inglionic segments. Section of the pre­mglionic segment is a well known usefulinical and experimental tool. PermanentIective post-ganglionic vagotomy has)t been previously described.Reflection immediately brings to mindiat, if .a technic for post-ganglionic va­itomy could be developed, it WOUld. beseful experimentally and have possibleinieal applications. Experimental possi­iIi ties include selective vagotomy fornaIl areas or segments of stomach, bow-l and bladder to gain information onechanisms of secretion, motility, etc.The purpose of this project was to de­rmine if post-ganglionic vagotomy isassible and then to find a technic to pro­uce a long-lasting, precise post-gangli­lie vagotomy. Two technics were used:rst, it was found that 2 per cent viscousyloeaine applied to the mucosa of aigus-innervated pouch for 10 minutessulted in short term (several hour)est-ganglionic vagotomy determined byepression in gastric secretion. Second, aeg previously protected with alum-pre­pitated Botulinum Type A toxoid wasibjected to laparotomy and his vagus­nervated gastric pouch infiltrated sub­mcosally with Botulinum Toxin Type A­i protein neuropathic exotoxin which�Iectively destroys post-ganglionic choli­ergie fibers). This resulted in depressedistric secretion which was highly sug­stive of successful post-ganglionic va­etorny. Further control studies and long-r duration of testing are necessary tovaluate this procedure.Tubular Transport of Uratein the DogBy BRIAN N. SMITHMedicine (RVD)Recently there have been reports indi­ating that administration of chlorothia­:ide may elevate blood urate. One study'eported initial acute gouty arthritis in1V0 patients following chlorothiazideherapy.One means by which hyperuricemianay be produced is by diminution in the:�cretion of urate. Because chlorothia­:ide may influence urate excretion differ- ently at different levels of tubular activi­ty, it seemed desirable to study theeffects of the drug at both high and lowrates of urate reabsorption. Variation inurate reabsorption was produced by intra­venous infusion of urate into dogs. Bloodlevels of urate could be increased marked­ly by this method, values in excess of 100mgm. per 100 ml. being obtained in someinstances.In order to determine the functionalrelationship between urate reabsorptionand urate filtered, studies were performedon eleven dogs using simultaneous meas­urement of glomerular filtration rate andurate clearance. Urate reabsorption tend­ed to increase linearly with filtered load.A maximum rate of reabsorption (Tm)was not demonstrated. In four dogs, athigh urate levels, the excretory rate ofurate exceeded the filtered urate. Whilethis may be taken as evidence indicatingthat the tubules can secrete urate, thedifferences were not sufficiently great toconstitute definitive proof of secretion.In order to examine the effects of chlo­rothiazide on the renal excretion of urate,ten further experiments were performed.Varying doses of chlorothiazide were usedat a wide range of filtered urate loads andwere not found to influence the tubulartransport of urate. Biochemical Studies of a Con­nective Tissue, Achilles Ten­don. I. Water, Nitrogen, andElectrolyte ContentBy FRANK K. THORPOrthopedics and BiochemistryThe ground substance of connectivetissue consists of many types of compo­nents, including water, electrolytes, andcolloids. Tendon, a connective tissue con­taining comparatively few cells, is low inneutral fat. It is composed of closelypacked collagenous bundles, the fibers ofwhich may twine around each other, someinterfibrillary cement, and a few fibro­blasts which lie in rows between thecollagen bundles.Manery, Danielson, and Hastings firstsuggested that in a tissue the fibers aresurrounded by an extracellular phasecomprising the vascular system, alongwith connective tissue mixed with anultrafiltrate of plasma. For defining thevalues for the amount of connective tis­sue in an organ and the amounts of waterand electrolytes associated with the con­nective tissue, the composition of tendonhas been used. Therefore in the course ofinvestigations on the histochemical char­acterization of tissues it became impera­tive to have better quantitative data onmany constituents of connective tissue,especially potassium, calcium, and mag­nesium in order to make the desired his­tochemical calculations. The aim of thisstudy therefore was to define values forwater, fat, total nitrogen, collagen n�tro­gen, chloride, sodium, potassium, calcium,and magnesium in the Achilles tendons ofa group of fifty dogs of unknown age.The values obtained for 1 kg. of fat-freetendon were: water, 615 ± 13 gm.; totalnitrogen, 66.7 ± 1.8 gm.; collagen nitro­gen, 61.4 ± 1.9 gm.; chlorine, 78.0 ± 2.3mEq; sodium, 86.7 ± 6.0 �Eq; potas­sium, 8.44 ± 0.83 mEq; calcium, 7.02 ±0.98 mEq; and magnesium, 2.14 ± 0.64mEq.Incorporation of C14 from Pro­tein Precursors into Isolated.Muscle: Role of AdrenalSteroidsBy EDWARD I. WEINSHELBAUMPhysiologyThe experiments reported here wereundertaken in an effort to gain insight20 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINinto the mechanism by which the adrenalsteroids affect protein synthesis.Adrenalectomy increases the incorpora­tion of CI4 from amino acids into theprotein of isolated rat diaphragms, andpretreatment with cortisone decreases in­corporation. The relative magnitude ofthe increase due to adrenalectomy is inde­pendent of the initial specific activity ofthe amino acid pool. This indicates thatthe effect is due to increased protein syn­thesis rather than differential dilution ofthe label by different-sized endogenouspools or differing rates of protein break­down.Incorporation of C14 from a variety ofamino acid precursors, including glucose,a-ketoglutarate, succinate, pyruvate, andbicarbonate ion, is also increased byadrenalectomy. The disparity of the pre­cursors and the fact that the uptake ofpyruvate is not increased by adrenalec­tomy imply that the adrenal steroids af­fect protein metabolism by some mech­anism other than alteration of the trans­port of protein precursors across themuscle-cell boundary.The relationship between potassiumand protein metabolism suggested thepossibility that cortisone decreased in­corporation by shifting potassium out ofthe cell. We were unable to alter theeffect of cortisone by increasing intra­cellular potassium.The results favor an intracellular siteof action for adrenal Cll oxysteroids. Inan attempt to define the locus, we frac­tionated heart slices after incubation bydifferential centrifugation. Adrenalectomyincreases incorporation of amino acidC14 into the protein of all the fractionsstudied, but the effect is greatest on mi­crosomes.An Electromyographic Studyof DreamingBy EDWARD A. WOLPERT, PH.D.PsychiatryBrain waves, eye movements, and elec­tromyographic potentials in the extremi­ties were studied in eight subjects over 20nights of experimental sleep. A greaterincidence of isolated wrist activity wasobserved during dreaming periods of sleepthan in non-dreaming periods of sleep.An association was observed betweenelectromyographic activity and manifestdream activity. This association was ap­parent in some subjects but not in othersand held better for portions of the dreamimmediately prior to the awakening than for the entire dream. The electromyo­graphic potentials observed during dreamswere found upon direct observation eitherto accompany small abortive movementsof the appropriate extremity or to be un­accompanied by such movement.These results are interpreted to meanthat while motor expression of the hallu­cinated dream content is not completelysuspended in the subjects studied, it isgreatly inhibited and that the tension dis­charged by the dream is probably halluci­natory rather than motor in nature. Inaddition, it is suggested that in some caseselectromyographic activity might be re­lated to the latent as well as to the mani­fest content of the dream.[Published in A.M.A. Archives 0/ GeneralPsychiatry, 2, No.2 (February, 1960),231-41.] MEDICAL ALUMNIPRIZEA prize of one hundred dollars will brawarded for the best presentation of ,paper at the Senior Scientific SessionThe prime consideration is to be thleffectiveness with which the speakecommunicates his message to the audience.This award fulfils the desire of man]alumni to encourage high standards irthe manner in which scientific reportare made and to recognize excellence irpresentation by the Association itself.The winner of the 1960 Medical Alumni Prize will be announced at the Reunion Banquet on June 8.A. O. A.Four members of the class of 196(were elected to Alpha Omega Alpha a!Juniors:Lloyd A. FergusonAlfred HellerLawrence M. LichtensteinFrank K. ThorpThis quarter the Seniors elected are:Donald C. CannonSusan J. CookCharles MittmanMartin A. PopsWilliam J. Riley, Jr.Duane TaebelEdward A. WolpertThose elected from the class of 1961are:Ronald P. MessnerPeter S. RosiBertrand J. ShapiroCharles W: UrschelYOUNG MEN GOINGWESTAlstrup Johnson, '55-'60, Tom Nslsen, '55-'60, Harry Oberhelman, [r,'46, Stanley Rigler, '52-'60, EdwardStemmer, '53, and Conrad Thurstone'53, will join the surgical staff at thenew medical school in Stanford, Califor·nia.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 21After twelve years of retirement, E. J.Kraus, Martin A. Ryerson DistinguishedService Professor Emeritus, died in Cor­vallis, Oregon, on February 28, 1960.Although "E. J." would have been thelast to admit it, this great botanist, horti­culturist, and benefactor probably pos­sessed more friends of greater diversityand from a wider geographic range thanany other plant scientist of his generation.The youngest of a large family devotedto business, Ezra Jacob Kraus broke awayto pursue an avid quest for knowledge. AtMichigan Agricultural College he becamean assistant in entomology even thoughmajoring in botany and agricultural sub­jects. From 1907 to 1916 he taught horti­culture at Oregon Agricultural Collegeand carried on basic and applied researchwith fruit trees, particularly apple.Graduate study in the Department ofBotany of the University of Chicago fol­lowed. He and Henry R. Kraybill (thelate director of research of the AmericanMeat Institute Foundation) performed aseries of experiments with tomato plantswhich culminated in the well-known con­cept of the carbohydrate-nitrogen rela­tionship in the control of fruiting in high­er plants. This joint research had its ludi­crous aspects; when Chairman John M.Coulter presented the Dean with one dis­sertation bearing the two names, the ar­gument was advanced that the work musthave been done largely by one person.The dictum, "One dissertation, one doc­torate," was easily satisfied, however, byseparating the manuscript in half, withthe appropriate candidate claiming hisshare. Following the Convocation in 1917,the manuscripts were recombined andpublished in booklet form by the state ofOregon to become the "best seller" inplant science of that day.Professor Kraus resumed his profes­sorial duties at Oregon State College in1917 and event uall y became dean 0 f theart and science departments. In 1919 heassumed the professorship of applied bot­any at the University of Wisconsin. Hereturned to the University of Chicago in1927 to become the Secretary and laterthe Chairman of the Department of Bot­any. He encouraged reorganization ofcourses and examination procedures.Large numbers of mature graduate stu­dents were attracted to the departmentwhich resulted in the granting of sixteendoctorates in the calendar year 1932.Many of these graduates now are profes­sors and chief administrators in botany,horticulture, range management, conser­vation, forestry, and the Research Serv- �zra jacob 11iraU5lS85'1960ices of the United States Department ofAgriculture.The tales of Kraus's relationships withstudents are legendary. A fortunate groupwas treated to a tour of the WesternStates. Stories of his wit and resourceful­ness in the days of dirt roads and over­head windshield wipers are still circu­lating. His affection for favorite studentswas boundless, but he exhibited a rangeof reactions from genuine sympathy toadamant denouncement. Once when hewas demonstrating the inking of a draw­ing to a graduate student, the confusedstudent dropped a sheet he was holdingon the still-wet drawing. Dr. Kraus wastolerant of this kind of human mistake,but, in contrast, anything less than strictacademic and personal integrity was notacceptable. One day Professor Krauschanced to see plant parts being bungledby an advanced student. Soon thereaftera highly plausible thesis blossomed forth,based on these charred plant remains.The wily matriculant found his connec­tion with the University cut short.A "breakthrough" in one scientific en­deavor usually is sufficient to immortal­ize a name, but E. J. Kraus will beremembered for several noteworthyachievements. As a bachelor, he used histime and boundless energy not only inadvancing the progress of his students butalso in exploring new avenues of research.His original thinking and direct approachto the solution of new problems were pro­verbial. He enjoyed the confidence of col­leagues in the pure sciences, in agricul- ture, and in the armed forces. Vigorousteams of young scholars gathered in Chi­cago and in the United States Departmentof Agriculture stationed at Beltsville,Maryland, where he served as principalplant physiologist, to attack anew themany unsolved aspects of the effect ofdaylength on the flowering of plants andthe changes which "growth-regulating"substances exert on the form and be­havior of plants. Most of the resultingresearch papers were published in theBotanical Gazette, of which ProfessorKraus was editor for more than elevenyears. During World War II he super­vised most of the researches on weed­killers which were potentially useful inthe defoliation of tropical trees. Thus hepioneered in using and in determining thebasic nature of 2,4-D, now so effective inweed control.Ten years before his retirement, Pro­fessor Kraus added the hybridization andselection of chrysanthemums and day­lilies to his already broad range of re­searches. Astutely selecting his plantstocks, he soon evolved a strain of frost­tolerant chrysanthemums which nowbeautify the Indian Summer days of alarge area of the central United States.Similarly, his keen perception of color­evident even when he noted the delicatelavender fringes of a sun fleck in theforest path-culminated in the produc­tion of many highly desirable daylilies.One, named "Evelyn Claar," headed thelist of the one hundred most acceptableintroductions for four years, establishinga record for such a performance.In retirement, Professor Kraus taughta laboratory class back again at OregonState College, became godfather to manyyoung scientists, and improved an arrayof cultivated plants ranging from clematisto gardenias. Modest almost to a fault, heshunned ostentation, publicity, and pho­tographs. He had to be reminded even toacknowledge his appointment to a dis­tinguished service professorship.Many honors came to Professor Kraus:he was selected to the presidency of fourscientific societies, nationally knownawards were bestowed on him, and Ore­gon State College and Michigan StateUniversity granted him honorary docto­rates. He was in constant demand as alecturer to professional societies andamateur groups in plant science. Thus hecontinued to advance basic knowledgeand to infect everyone with his charm.PAuLD. VOTHPro fessor and SecretaryDepartment of Botany22 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINilttlmut :f'. <B. �r(kd1900'1960Helmut Seckel, M.D., professor of pe­diatrics in The University of ChicagoSchool of Medicine, died April 13, 1960,following a coronary thrombosis. Dr.Seckel was born May 16, 1900, in Berlin,the eldest son of a family of scholars. Hisfather was professor of Roman law andits foremost interpreter in the Universityof Berlin and a member of the PrussianAcademy of Science. His younger, sur­viving, brother is a well-known scholar inthe field of Japanese art and is professorof art history in the University of Heidel­berg.Dr. Seckel received his medical educa­tion at the University of Berlin and wastrained in pediatrics by such renownedteachers as Czerny, Moro, and Klein­schmidt and was greatly influenced byFreudenberg.His scholarly pursuits in his chosenfield and his exemplary career at the Uni­versity of Cologne were interrupted. bythe coming to power of the Nazis. He andhis wife, Margaret, were driven fromtheir beloved Germany by the Naziscourge, leaving behind them family,friends, and the chaos which envelopedGermany.He resumed his career in medicinewhen he joined the Department of Pe­diatrics of The University of ChicagoSchool of Medicine in 1936. Here heworked until his untimely death at theage of fifty-nine.Dr. Seckel will always be rememberedas a scholarly man. In his scholarly pur- Eva Proctor died in BillingsHospital April 24 from an over­whelming streptococcal septice­mia. She was twenty-six years old,the wife of David Proctor, resi­dent in urology, and mother ofJeffrey, aged two.When David interned here in1956--57 Eva was a secretary inthe gastrointestinal clinic. They re­turned last summer, after twoyears in the Army.Friends are invited to contrib­ute, in lieu of flowers, to a fundin her memory. Checks, made tothe University, may be sent toWalter 1. Palmer, Departmentof Medicine.suits he explored many fields: medicalscience, social science, art, philosophy,history, and theology. His readings anddiscussions in the field of existentialismwere wide and profound.Many felt he was old-fashioned be­cause he respected the old German tradi­tions, though he was appalled at the deg­radation to which the Nazi curse had ledthe German people. Yet his was an openmind, ever accepting of new ideas, thenewest and most abstruse expressions ofart, the newest advances in medical prac­tice. He enjoyed the company of youngpeople, colleagues and students, and waswilling to learn from them.He was a quiet man, a gentle man, adignified man, yet humble and kind.His contributions to science includemany scientific papers in the fields ofendocrinology, infectious disease, andgrowth and development. It was a happyoccasion indeed for him to see his book,Bird Headed Dwarfs, Studies on Devel­opmental Anthropology, published andgiven acclaim both in this country andabroad.To all who knew Helmut Seckel, hispassing leaves a great sense of loss for ascholar, a humanitarian, and a friend.BURTON]' GROSSMAN, '49Assistant Professor of Pediatrics ANTON J. CARLSONMEMORIAL FUNDConcerted efforts to establish anAnton J. Carlson Lectureship have beenannounced by Dwight J. Ingle, Chair­man of the Department of Physiology.Following the death of Dr. Carlson,Frank P. Hixon Distinguished ServiceProfessor and Chairman of the Depart­ment of Physiology, hope was expressedby many members of the faculty thatsome suitable means be found to com­memorate his name. The suggestion mostfavorably received was the establish­ment, in perpetuity, of a distinguishedlectureship bearing the name of Dr.Carlson.Dr. Lester Dragstedt, in an obituaryof Dr. Carlson, wrote: "His gifts forkeen analysis, his ready wit and pun­gent criticisms 'so often displayed at sci­entific meetings, gave him an acknowl­edged place of leadership in biologicaland medical societies. It is probable thatno man in America not engaged in clin­ical practice had so great an effect onmedicine.. . . Scientist, philosopher,teacher and humanist, A. J. Carlsonmade a great contribution to his adoptedcountry, his University, his fellow-scien­tists and to the medical profession."D�. Ingle has undertaken the respon­sibility of raising the funds necessary toprovide a generous annual honorariumso that the University can invite themost eminent scientists to speak onthese occasions. Thus far, the appeal hasbeen directed primarily to friends, col­leagues, and former students of Dr.Carlson. Dr. Carlson's varied interestsled him to make many contributions inthe areas of medicine, science, andindustry; Dr. Ingle, therefore, is extend­ing the appeal to individuals and groupsin these fields who might welcome theopportunity to honor Dr. Carlsonthrough the University he served.In Memory of Elbert ClarkContributions have been received forthe Medical Students' General Scholar­ship Fund from friends of the late El­bert Clark, Rush '17, whose home wasin Winnetka. Until recently he main­tained a practice of dermatology inEvanston.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 23FACULTY NEWS II D_E_A_T_H_S II GRADUATE NEWS IWright R. Adams is secretary-treasurernd a member of the Executive Committeef Internal Medicine.Donald E. Cassels has been appointedbairman of the Section on Pediatric Cardi­logy in the American College of Chest'hysicians.Lowell T. Coggeshall has been appointedtrustee of the Rockefeller Foundation. HeIso received one of sixteen awards givenDr outstanding contributions to medicaldueation at the one hundredth anniversaryf the New York Medical College.Albert Dorfman, '44, Professor of Pedi­tries, was visiting professor at Kauikeo­ini Children's Hospital in Honolulu in theVinter Quarter. In April he lectured andisited laboratories in Japan.Alfred E. Emerson was elected presidentf the Society for the Study of EvolutionDr 1960. He has also accepted an appoint­lent as Distinguished Visiting Professor of(atural Science at Michigan State Univer­ity for the Spring Quarter.Daniel L. Harris has been appointed tohe advisory panel on Regulatory BiologyIf the National Science Foundation.Howard Hatcher has resigned from theJniversity to become professor of ortho­edics at Stanford University. Dr. and Mrs.Iatcher left in April for their new home.Heinrich Kluver, professor of experimen­al psychology, received the Karl Spencerashley Award from the American Philo­ophical Society for his work in the field ofeurobiology.Maurice Krahl was recently elected anienorary member of the Sociedade de Bio­ogia do Rio Grande do SuI in Brazil.Franklin McLean delivered the presiden­ial address at the Institute of Medicine of.hicago recently. He spoke on "Negroestnd Medicine in Chicago."Robert D. Moore, associate professor ofurgery, will become director of the ortho­ledic division of the Department of Surgerym July 1.BULLETINof the Alumni AssociationThe University of ChicagoSCHOOL OF MEDICINE950 East FiftY-DiDth Street. Chicago 37. IlliDoisVOL. 16 No.3SPRING 1960EDITORIAL BOARDJESSIE BURNS MACLEAN. SecretaryWiIGHT ADAMS ELEANOR M. HUMPHREYSJOHN D. ARNOLD HUBERTA LIVINGSTONEL. T. COGGESHALL PETER V. MOULDERROBEIIT J. HASTERLIK WALTER L. PALMER '93. Edward M. Poser, Columbus, Wis.,February 12, age 90.'95. John E. Porter, Stevensville, Mont.,March, age 93.'03. Frank Sylvester Tuffiey, Boscobel,Wis., November 12, age 83.'06. Ira Karr Humphrey, Cordova, Ill.,January 14, age 77.'07. Omar Ray Gullion, San Jose, Calif.,December 30, age 81.'11. Ivan J. Markel, Elkhart, Ind., May,age 74.'16. Charles Frederick DuBois, Alma,Mich., January 28, age 70.'17. Donald Hunter O'Rourke, Denver,Colo., December 27, age 66.'27. Everett Albert Harris, Decatur, Ala.,February 7, age 65.'28. William John Frederich, Los Ange­les, December 24, age 63.'32. George Marion De Young, Peoria,Ill., January 27, age 55.'38. Merry Elizabeth Pittman, Quincy,Mass., January 26, age 56.Arthur R. Elliott, faculty, '15-'27, WinterPark, Fla., February 6, age 90.Walter Johannes Siemsen, Resident,Kalamazoo, Mich., December 6, age 58.Frank Newell was elected a director ofthe National Society for the Prevention ofBlindness at its recent meeting in New York.Walter L. Palmer spoke to an alumniluncheon group in San Francisco, arrangedin his honor, during the meetings of theAmerican College of Physicians in April.Dr. Palmer will give the Billings lectureat the A.M.A. in Miami Beach. He will speakon "Causality in Peptic Ulcer."Edith L. Potter gave the Seventh RichardH. Jaffe Memorial Lecture of the Instituteof Medicine of Chicago on April 11. Her sub­ject was "Disease of the Liver in the Fetusand Young Infant."Theodore N. Pullman is on the nomina­ting committee for the American Society forClinical Investigations.Recently the men who have trained underDr. Stephen Rothman honored him at adinner where he was presented with a vol­ume of letters of affection and appreciationand a gift of a trip to Europe. His sixty-fifthbirthday was celebrated by a major articlein the leading German dermatological jour­nal, Der H autarzt.Julian Tobias has been elected a Fellowof the New York Academy of Sciences.Cornelius W. Vermeulen, '37, is presi­dent of the Chicago Urological Society.Robert W� Wissler, '49, was elected vice­president of the American Society for Ex­perimental Pathology in April. '35. Sam W. Banks is secretary-treasurerof the American Board of Orthopedic Sur­gery.'41. William Lester has been elected tothe American Academy of Microbiology andappointed to the Medical Sessions Commit­tee of the American Trudeau Society.'49. Eugene G. Miller has been mademedical and scientific director of the Cali­fornia Cancer Commission, San Francisco.He has been with the American College ofSurgeons in Chicago.'54. John Kasik reported on alumni en­countered at the Central Society for ClinicalInvestigation in Atlantic City in May:Leonard Fisher, '54, is still doing researchin internal medicine at Montefiore; AI Mes­nikoff, '54, is practicing psychiatry in NewYork; Art Haelig, Res., '54-'58, has givenup his practice in San Francisco to work forthe Central Intelligence Agency in Washing­ton; Cy Rubin, Fellow, '51-'55, gave a paperby Arnold Flick, '54, Lloyd Brandenborg,'55, and Rubin, from the University ofWashington. Wright Adams entertained themedical residents and staff at dinner.'55. Kenneth M. Halprin, now at Lack­land Air Force Base in San Antonio, is co­author of the paper, "Metabolic Pathwaysin Perfused Dog Skin" that won first prizein the Chicago Dermatological Society An­nual Essay Contest. Yelva Lynfield wonthird prize with "Effect of Pregnancy on theHuman Hair Cycle."Merle Moskowitz is on leave for a yearstudying with Dr. G. Asboe-Hansen at theConnective Tissue Research Laboratory,University Institute of Medical Anatomy,Copenhagen.'56. Eugene Anderson has completed hisresidency in medicine and will be associatedwith the Ochsner Clinic in New Orleans be­ginning July 1.'56. Don Brown is studying in Paris fora year on a U.S. Public Health Service fel­lowship.'59. Yvonne Hillier was married in Janu­ary to Henry J. Russell of New York. Sheis a pediatric-cardiac fellow and pediatricresident at Albert Einstein College of Medi­cine. Other alumni on the resident staff thereare Sander Abend, '56, Henry Kandler,'57, and Ted Jacobs, '57, in psychiatry; IraSchneider, '57, and Donald Chimene, '58,in surgery, and Perry Zevin, '56, in pedi­atrics.'60. Susan Cook was featured in theMarch 29, 1960, issue of Look in an articlewhich presented aspects of her medical train­ing at the University of Chicago School ofMedicine.24 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINANNUAL REPORTThe annual report by Dean Coggeshall, which follows, re­quires some editorial comment. The last three paragraphs aredevoted to the subject of his resignation as Dean of the Divi­sion. This action has been a bombshell to us on the local sceneand doubtless will be to all alumni who have known him orwho have followed his career and his administration of theDivision.In making such comment, one might be tempted to regret ourgreat loss, to review his many accomplishments, and to eulogizehim for his many contributions to us and to medicine. Such adiscussion will, however, be hopefully deferred. In the firstplace, it is not yet clear that we will suffer a loss. He remainsdevoted to the University and will continue to work for it asa vice-president. We understand that he will be primarily con­cerned with biological affairs. While we contemplate his absencefrom the Dean's office with apprehension, we will find this easierto accept because he will still be with us in another capacity. Itis even possible that the change will, as he thinks, strengthen us.Since we have not accepted the loss, this is probably not anappropriate time for a review of his accomplishments and aeulogy, however much they are deserved. There are, of course, intense interest in and extended dis­cussion of the question of who will be the new dean. This isbeing studied by a faculty committee which will report to theChancellor. At the time of this writing there is no news or evenany substantial rumors about who the successor will be. For­tunately, Dr. Coggeshall's resignation is not dated, and he willcontinue to function as Dean for a reasonable period while hi�successor is being chosen.Some of us with inquiring, perhaps even suspicious, mindshave searched for something more than coincidence in the closerelation in time between the resignations of the Dean and theChancellor. It appears quite certain that there has been norelation between the two except the temporal one. I for oneam convinced that the statements of each of them are not onlyclear but complete.We have had an able dean; we are sure that he will makean excellent vice-president. While some concern about theeffect of the transitional period is inevitable, it seems reasonableto expect that we will survive the change and continue to grow.WRIGHT ADAMSLETTER FROM LOWELL T. COGGESHALLThe changes which occurred in the Divi­sion during the past year were about parfor the course. The successes exceeded thesetbacks, but one or two of the latter at thetime seemed near-mortal, especially. thedeath of Dwight Clark. Through death, res­ignation, or retirement we have lost somereal stalwarts, but we have also made someoutstanding new appointments. To includea few at the professor level, I mention Drs.Holaday in anesthesiology from Columbia,Potts in eye from Western Reserve, Jenkinsin surgery from Illinois, Atwood in humangenetics from Oak Ridge, and Ingle in physi­ology. When Garrott Allen left for Stanford,we were pleased to see another of our boyshead up a major department but got nosatisfaction when he took Hatcher and Ober­helman with him.A part of our charter is "to increase thenumber of practitioners, promote research,and train investigators in the medical sci­ences." During the year we know of at leastfive graduates who have assumed responsi­bility for departments in various institutions.There are now about twelve hundred finestudents in the Division from pre-meds toregistered post-grads. The number receivingthe Ph.D. degree remains about the same­thirty each year-and seventy-two weregraduated with the M.D. degree. The Di­vision of the Biological Sciences now includesseventeen departments, three degree-grant­ing committees, and three research institutes.Our present budget represents about 39 percent of the total University budget. In dol­lars it is $19,194,000.Perhaps you have noticed an article re­cently reprinted in several journals whichrates The University of Chicago as one ofthe ten best places in this country to receivemedical training. The research accomplish­ments of this institution remain on a high level. We are not satisfied, but we are quiteproud.In one respect there is a major change inall medical schools in this country sinceWorld War II. Prior thereto, resources andencouragement for research rested in rela­tively few institutions, such as Chicago.Today research has become a major occu­pation in all the eighty-five medical schools,and the competition for talent is noticeablyincreasing.On the material side in the last ten yearswe have grown considerably. Approximately$18,000,000 has been spent on new buildings,alterations, and renovations. This year willsee the completion of a chronic disease hos­pital with a hundred beds for the teachingof rehabilitation of chronic disorders. TheArmour Clinical Research Building, primari­ly for surgery, will also be started. We arehopeful for the long-needed new buildingfor microbiology to replace Ricketts Northand South, which were constructed in the early twenties as temporary shelters for thisdepartment. We are also hopeful we mayhave modern underground animal quartersbetween Billings and Abbott. We expect tomove ahead on the renovation and modern­ization of facilities in the basic science de­partments; in the last five years some$700,000 has been spent, and, before thetask is finished, we expect at least an equalamount to be required.It probably should be mentioned in clos­ing that I have asked the Chancellor toappoint a successor to this office. Had I ex­pected to become a dean when invited toreturn to Chicago at the close of the war,I suspect my decision would have been dif­ferent. When the persuasive then-ChancellorHutchins made his sell, it was agreed thatthe maximum term would be ten years.Having exceeded that limit by three years,I believe a change is appropriate. Of themany mistakes a dean can and frequentlydoes make, the greatest is to remain a deantoo long. The things he fails to do duringhis term will not be accomplished by hang­ing around longer.I have decided to accept a role as vice­president offered by the Chancellor. Myinterests will continue to be in the Divisionof the Biological Sciences, and I look for­ward to assisting the new dean. The pastthirteen years have been personally very re­warding ones. In addition to my Universityduties, I have made a conscious effort to behelpful in those public and private institu­tions and agencies whose aims are importantto the community and to the University.Perhaps the best way to close this letteris to paraphrase the Chancellor's remarkwhen he stepped aside-our decisions, inci­dentally, were arrived at independently-:"If I didn't believe there was a better manfor the job, I would still be here."