Volume 14 AUTUMN 1957 Number 1CONTROL OF ERYTHROPOIESISBy LEON O. JACOBSON, M.D., '39, EUGENE GOLDWASSER, Ph.D., '50, WALTER FRIED, '58, and LOUIS PLZAK, '58Argonne Cancer Research Hospital (U5AEC), Department of 111 edicine and Department of BiochemistryLEON JACOBSON on the left discusses a manuscript with Senior LOUIS PLZAK, the laboratory's night owlThe concept of hormonal control oferythropoiesis (red-cell formation) hasbeen given serious consideration sincethe original observations of Carnot andDeflandre in 1906. In the past few yearsincontrovertible evidence has accumu­lated in support of the existence of afactor in the plasma of anemic donorsthat is capable of increasing erythro­poiesis in the normal animal. The roleof this factor( s), commonly referred to Leon Jacobson is Professor of Medi­cine and Director of the Argonne Can­cer Research Hospital, and EugeneGoldwasser is Assistant Professor inthe Department of Biochemistry.Fried and Plzak are Senior medicalstudents who have worked on thisstudy for the last seven years whilepursuing their undergraduate andgraduate training in medicine. as erythropoietin, in the dynamic equi­librium of the erythron has not yet beenestablished.A number of theories accounting forthe control of erythropoiesis have beenadvanced. In general, the mechanism bywhich erythropoiesis increases or de­creases has been considered to be re­lated directly to the oxygen tension ofthe arterial blood. There is ample evi­dence that the subjection of a normal2 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINhuman being or animal to high oxygentension will reduce erythropoiesis. Thegreater availability of oxygen was con­sidered to be the mechanism by whicherythropoiesis decreased in animals hav­ing a transfusion-induced polycythemia.Studies have demonstrated that an envi­ronment that is low in oxygen (such ashigh altitude) results in an increase inred-cell production. Hemorrhage or in­duced intravascular hemolysis is knownto produce an increase in erythropoiesis,and, in point of fact, it has been plasmafrom animals made anemic by hemor­rhage or induced intravascular hemolysisthat has been shown to increase red-cellproduction in the normal recipient. Thestimulus that results in an increasedamount of erythropoietin in the plasmaunder these ci rcumstances was thoughtto be a lowered partial pressure of oxy­gen, a theory supported by evidence ob- 1. HypothysectornyHypothysectomy of young adult ratsproduces a five- to tenfold reduction inerythropoiesis that reaches a minimumat about eight to ten days after surgery.The administration of as little as asingle 2-cc. injection of anemic plasma,prepared by our standardized procedure,to these animals brings about a signifi­cant. response in terms of an increase inthe number of reticulocytes and the in­corporation of Fefi9 into the red cells.The administration of normal plasmaca uses no change unless the total doseapproximates the blood volume of therecipient, and then the response is onlya fraction of that resulting from a single2-cc. dose of anemic plasma.The rapid reduction in erythropoiesisthat follows hypothysectomy is thoughtto be the result of an over-all metabolicreduction, with the demand for oxygentained from experiments of parabioticrats.In the process of our investigations oferythropoietin and the conditions thatalter its production, we have accumulateddata that appear to clarify (1) the roleof erythropoietin in maintaining the dy­namic equilibrium of the erythron and(2) the basic conditions that regulatethe reaction.DECREASED FORMATION OFERYTHROPOETINFour conditions that are character­ized by a profound reduction in erythro­poiesis are those created by hypothysec­torny, acute starvation, transfusion-in­duced polycythemia, and hyperoxia. "JAKE"by the tissues declining and the supplyof oxygen remaining normal. Since thedemand for oxygen is reduced and thesupply is normal, the production oferythropoietin is lessened drastically, anderythropoiesis is reduced. That theamount of erythropoietin is reduced inthe hypothysectomized rat is evidencedby the great sensitivity of this animal toanemic plasma.2. StarvationStarvation in rats is another conditionthat results in decreased erythropoiesis.Starved animals show a pronounced re­sponse to a comparable dosage of normalplasma. We consider such an animal,known to have reduced metabolic rate,to be comparable to the hypothysecto- mized rat in that its oxygen demandreduced and its oxygen supply is normaand, as a result, the production oferytlropoietin falls.The possibility that lack of precurso:for the production of erythropoietin isfactor in these starvation experimerrcannot be denied and needs further e:ploration. It is interesting in this COlnection that studies of protein depletioin rats by William Bethard, Rush '4,and Robert W. Wissler, '49, revealethat the incorporation of FeG9 into thred cells is greatly reduced. We havrepeated their studies and have founthat, in addition to this slowed inco:poration of Feo9, the number of reticilocytes is reduced by a factor of five tten. The protein-depleted animals nspond to anemic plasma in an exaggeiated manner, an indication that proteidepletion affects the production of erytl:ropoietin either by nutritional lack or ba sparing action. Another possibility ithat the exaggerated response is directldue to a decreased demand for oxygen b:the tissues.3. PolycythemiaTransfusion-induced polycythemia i:rats or mice suppresses erythropoiesis tlthe degree that no evidence of red-eelproduction can be found by Fe59-uptakstudies, reticulocyte counts, or histologiexamination of the blood-forming tissueThe sensitivity to anemic plasma 0these polycythemic animals is comparable to that described for the hypothysectomized rats. Similarly, the effect of normal plasma is slight but significant. IIthese polycythemic animals the oxyge:supply is increased, but the demand inormal; hence the production of erythropoietin is reduced or stopped, ancerythropoiesis is halted.4. HyperoxiaHyperoxia which is also associatecwith normal demand for oxygen similarly reduces erythropoiesis following a decreased production of erythropoietinSuch experimental animals give an exaggerated response to anemic plasmaBecause the oxygen supply is greateithan normal and the demand is normalthe production of erythropoietin fallsand erythropoiesis is thereby reduced.INCREASED FORMATION OFERYTHROPOIETIN1. Induced AnemiaExperimentally induced conditions thatbring about a profound increase in eryth­ropoiesis are bleeding and the administra­tion of phenylhydrazine. In each case.the number of reticulocytes and the up·take of Fe?" increase. Plasma from ani­mals that have been bled or treated withphenylhydrazine is rich in erythropoietin.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 3as can be shown by assay in hypothysec­tomized rats or polycythemic mice. Bleed­ing and phenylhydrazine-induced anemiarepresent (through red-cell loss by with­drawal or hemolysis, respectively) a sit­uation in which the supply of oxygen isdecreased but the demand remains withinnormal limits.2. Metabolic Stimulants: Dinitro­phenol and TriiodothyronineAdministration of dinitrophenol tonormal rats results in an increased rateof erythropoiesis over normal controls asmeasured by incorporation of Fe5D intored cells. Animals treated with dinitro­phenol show a response to anemic plas­ma that is about 12 per cent greaterthan their response to saline. The re­sponse of untreated animals to anemicplasma is about 100 per cent greaterthan it is to saline. Rats treated withdinitrophenol would be expected toshow an increase in their metabolic re­quirement for oxygen without an imme­diate compensatory increase in the sup­ply of oxygen. Preliminary experimentswith the naturally occurring metabolicstimulant, triiodothyronine, have givensimilar results.Thus, the oxygen supply-and-demandrelationship appears to be responsiblefor an increase in the production oferythropoietin.Table 1 summarizes the relationshipof oxygen supply and demand and eryth­ropoiesis (which equals erythropoietinformation) from these data.3. CobaltMany investigators have studied theeffect of cobalt on erythropoiesis in lab­oratory animals and human beings. Themechanism of its action remains un­solved. It has been reported that ratherlarge doses of cobalt produce erythroidhyperplasia of the marrow and extra­medullary sites, resulting in a reticulocy­tosis and a true polycythemia. It hasalso been reported that cobalt preventsthe anemia of infection and overcomesthe anemia induced by protein deficien­cy, hypophysectomy, renal disease, andcancer.We have found that as early as 6-12hours after a subcutaneous injection of4.5 mg. of cobaltous ion, the erythropoie­tin content of the plasma of rats is ap- Biochemist EUGENE GOLDWASSER and collaborating Senior medical student, WALTERFRIED.proximately equal to that observed inthe plasma of animals subjected to themeans we use routinely (bleeding orphenylhydrazine) for producing activeanemic plasma. The plasma from theanimals treated with cobaltous chlorideaffects the normal animal, hypophysecto­mized rat, and starved rat in a way thatis comparable to that observed after theinjection of anemic plasma. We haveeliminated the possibility that this re­sponse is attributable to the presence ofcobalt in the plasma by adding traceamounts of CoGO to the cobaltous chlo­ride solution and then by determiningthe amount of radioactive cobalt in theplasma. After injection of 4.5 mg. cobalt­ous ion per 400-g rat, 0.009 mg. (0.2per cent) of the CoGO is found per milli­liter of plasma. This amount of cobalt,when mixed with normal plasma and in­jected into assay animals, is not sufficientto produce a detectable effect on eryth­ropoiesis.These observations do not permit usto delineate the underlying mechanismby which cobalt increases the productionof erythropoietin. They do, however, in­dicate that the marked erythropoieticeffect produced by cobalt is mediated byerythropoietin. In view of the fact thatTABLE 1Oxygen Oxygen ErythropoiesisCondition ErythopoietinSupply Demand FormationHypophysectomy Normal Down DownStarvation. Normal Down DownPolycythemia Up Normal DownHyperoxia Up Normal DownInduced anemia Down Normal UpMetabolic stimulation Normal Up Up cobalt has been reported to possess thecapacity to alter the various anemicstates referred to above, it would seemthat native erythropoietin (s), once iso­lated, will have a salutary effect on manyanemic conditions that we cannot im­prove materially by present therapyother than by transfusion or by eradica­tion of the underlying disease.SITE OF FORMATION OFERYTHROPOIETINFinally, it is of interest that, accordingto the data we have accumulated, thesite of erythropoietin appears to be inthe kidney. We have reported previous­ly that hypophysectomized, gonadecto­mized, thyroidectomized, and splenecto­mized rats retain the capacity to in­crease erythropoietin production in re­sponse to repeated bleeding. More re­cently, we have found that rats with 90per cent of the liver, the thymus, or thestomach, intestines, spleen, and pancreasremoved retain the capacity to produceerythropoietin within 12 hours afterstimulation with cobalt, or a single mas­sive hemorrhage, whereas rats and rab­bits with bilateral nephrectomy do not.Tying off both ureters reduces but doesnot eliminate the production of erythro­poietin in the first 24 hours after opera­tive procedure.CLINICAL STUDIESIt has been demonstrated that acutelystarved or hypophysectomized rats alsorespond exaggeratedly to crude extractsof human anemic plasma. Clifford Gur­ney, '51, and his associates at theArgonne Cancer Research Hospital(USAEC), in some clinical investigations,found that two 2-m!. injections of heat-4 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINdenatured normal human plasma had noeffect upon erythropoiesis in rats, where­as heat-denatured normal human plasma,concentrated ten times, enhanced eryth­ropoietic activity as evidenced by a two­fold increase in the incorporation of Fe59into the red blood cells of the test ani­mals.Un concentrated heat-denatured plas­ma extracts from a patient with hypo­plastic anemia consistently produced athree- to fivefold increase in Fe59 uptakein assay animals. However, after trans­fusion raised the patient's hemoglobinlevel, plasma activity could not longerbe demonstrated. Activity was demon­strated in plasmas from patients withpernicious anemia, blood-loss anemia,aleukemic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease,acute hemolytic anemia, and hypoplasticanemia. It was not found in plasma frompatients with uremia or advanced neo­plasms. If the anemia was mild, concen­tration of the extract permitted demon­stration of activity. Increased erythro­poietin concentration was also found inthe non-dializable fraction of urine fromsome anemic patients.In another study, Gurney and his asso­ciates have tested the effects of anemicplasma in two patients with congenitalhypoplastic anemia. This disease beginsin early infancy and is characterized bya severe normochromic normocytic ane­mia, hypoplasia of the erythroblasticprecursors in the bone marrow, and alow reticulocyte count. Treatment hasbeen confined largely to repeated trans­fusions of whole or washed blood.Gurney and his co-workers undertookthe study of this disease to determinewhether a deficiency in erythropoietin orsome other essential plasma factor mightbe responsible for the erythroid hypo­plasia and anemia.Donors of the same blood type as thepatients were bled until their hematocritlevels reached 25 per cent. Anemic plas­ma was then harvested daily, and thepacked cells were returned to the donorsto prevent a further fall in hematocrit.Infusions of 300 ml. of anemic plasmawere administered daily to the patients.After the infusions, which totaled six inone patient and eight in the other, thereticulocyte count was found to haverisen from less than 0.5 per cent to 3.4and 4.0 per cent, respectively. At thesame time there was evidence of in­creased erythroblastic activity in thebone marrow. These findings point to anobvious fact that clinical application ofthese studies is already possible.COMMENTThe complexity of factors involved inregulating the dynamic equilibrium ofthe erythron is vast. and we are attempt­ing to fit together the knowledge that isavailable with a few new facts. In thebroad perspective, we assume that the metabolic pattern of the normal animalis determined by many factors but per­haps chiefly by the endocrine glands.Once the metabolic level is establishedin the normal animal, the simple equa­tion of oxygen supply and demand deter­mines erythropoietin production. Variousdisease states or deficiencies will affectthis equilibrium. How various diseasestates alter the equilibrium may dependon whether the production or utilizationof erythropoietin or both are interferedwith. The fact that plasma rich in eryth­ropoietin increases erythropoiesis in ani­mals with transfusion-induced polycythe­mia in which erythropoietin productionis apparently brought to a halt is en­couraging in the sense that it would ap­pear that conditions that bring about acessation or reduction of erythropoietinproduction with a cessation or reductionof erythropoiesis are amenable to directapplication of the principle under dis­cussion. The clinical studies reportedhere demonstrate this fact.Even if, as our studies indicate, eryth­ropoietin is produced in the kidney, andeven if our proposed theory of the con­trol of erythropoietin production is cor­rect, there are yet many unanswered andinteresting problems to explore, such asthe actual site and mechanism of pro­duction within the kidney.memorial to 'Br. phemi5terThere is a hospital patient's room atRockford Memorial Hospital, Rockford,Illinois, which is a memorial to our be­loved Dr. Phemister. The plaque on thedoor reads:IN MEMORY OFDALLAS B. PHEMISTER, M.D.Donor: GRAHAM A. KERNWEIN, M.D.Dr. Kernwein, '30, is an orthopedicsurgeon on the active staff of the Rock­ford Memorial Hospital, a new 240-bedhospi tal opened in 1954. LOAN FUND HONORSDR. CANNONThe Paul R. Cannon Loan Fund waestablished in honor of Professor Cannon, who retired this year after morthan thirty years on the University faeulty. The suggestion of the loan fun,came from a former student of Dr. Cannon's who contributed $1,000 to initiatthe move. One of Paul Cannon's associates added a check for $200, so thathe loan fund was officially opened wit$1,200.Anyone interested in making a contribution to this most worthwhile fund ilhonor of one of our truly great teacherand scholars may send his check, madout to the Paul R. Cannon Loan Functo Mrs. Jessie Maclean, Secretary of thMedical Alumni Association, The University of Chicago. Loans will be madto medical students, interns, and residents in that order of priority. The loanwill bear no interest until the studenhas completed his internship and thereafter at 2 per cent.The present financial needs of oumedical students are so great that it i:unlikely that there will be sufficienfunds, from what we now have, to meethe needs of interns and residents. Th:recent curricular change requiring Seniostudents to be in residence all four quarters, and the continuous rise in the cosof living, have made it necessary for oinSenior medical students to seek mortloan assistance than ever before. Consequently, the ready funds in our variou.student loan funds are at their loweslpoint in the last ten years. Clearly, theestablishment of the Paul R. CannorLoan Fund comes at an opportune timeHO\XfARD TAYLORRICKETTS A \V ARDFOR 1957Jonas Salk, who developed the "Salkpolio vaccine," received the HowardTaylor Ricketts Award last spring. Hespoke on "Poliomyelitis from the Per­spective of Biology" to a crowd thatoverflowed Pa thology 117. The awardwas presented by Dean Lowell T.Coggeshall.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 51957 ALUMNI BANQUETPRESIDENT RICHTER IS TOASTMASTER(Top) Receiving line from MOULDER (0PROHASKA greets guests including jovialRUTH TAYLOR. The Alumni Banquet had its usualstellar cast of great men to carry off thegeneral functions, but its justificationfor existence was accomplished in lessthan a minute when Harry Blodgettwalked carefully and busting inside tothe head table to receive his FiftiethAnniversary Testimonial. He traveledfour thousand round-trip miles fromBeverly Hills, California, for this pur­pose alone! His long career in general practice,treating the sick, helping some to die,others to be born, had been recognizedby his school alumni.This moment was matched in dramaonly by the tiny and shy recipient of theBorden Award, Ting-Wa Wong. Withthese two the Alumni had solidly recog­nized the unacciaimed, and the Schoolhad proudly honored its most cherishedproduct.(Middle) Cocktails at the Shoreland findsSenior FRANCIS STRAUS counting thecrowd.(Right) DEAN COGGESHALL seriouswith the ROBERT MASONS.6 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN(Top) HARRY BLODGETT with MRS.LOWELL COGGESHALL.(Middle) 1902's SONNENSCHEIN re­ceives the first Testimonial from PRES­IDENT RICHTER.(Bottom) BLODGETT and JACKSONhave 1907 reunion. TESTIMONIALS ANDAWARDSOur President and Toastmaster, Rich­ard Richter, '25, handled the complexityof honoring and awarding with speedyskill and humor, occasionally roasting aswell as toasting. He honored' our elderalumni, Harry Jackson of Chicago(1907) and Joseph Sonnenschein ofChicago (1902) and with sincere earnest­ness California's Blodgett.Those not present who will receivesimilar alumni testimonials are: GeorgeFrancis Bicknell of Miami Shores, Flor­ida, Arthur Francis Byfield of Chicago,Frank Warner Calhoun of Albert "Lea,Minnesota, Vernon Cyrenius David ofEvanston, Illinois, Irvin SunthimerKoll of Smyrna, Delaware, Chester Her­bert Lockwood of Anthony, Kansas,George John Marquette of St. Helena,California, Edwin Clare McMullen ofPine Bluff, Arkansas, George Enos Mil­ler of Rapid City, Michigan, EdwardNiles of Chicago, James Persons Si­monds of Chicago, Roscoe Whitman ofMorris, Illinois, and Joseph BernardWinnick of St. Paul, Minnesota.Distinguished Service Awards weregranted to Percival Bailey, former fac­ulty member and now professor of neu­rology and neurosurgery at the Univer­sity of Illinois and pre-eminent neuro­pathologist (and the incisive ClaudiaCassidy of the psychiatric theater), whowas presented by Lester Dragstedt, '21.Eleanor Humphreys, '29, fondly andproudly presented pupil Charles Dunlap(resident staff, 1934-37), professor andchairman of the Department of Pathol­ogy, Tulane University. Famed pediatri­cian Louis Wendlin Sauer, '13, emeri­tus at Northwestern University, was ac­claimed by Mila Pierce. Arthur Vor­wald, doctored in Philosophy and Med­icine ('31 and '32), chairman of the De­partment of Industrial Medicine andHygiene at Wayne University, was ac­corded honors by our Robert Wissler,'49.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 7(Top) Distinguished Service Award re­cipient PERCIVAL BAILEY and MRS.LESTER DRAGSTEDT enjoying the Ban­quet preliminaries.(Middle left) CHARLES DUNLAP withhis DSA presentor, ELEANOR HUM­PHREYS, and DONALD CASSELS.(Above) Smiling ARTHUR VORWALDwith his wife talk to PAUL HODGES andwhite-coated EGBERT FELL.(Left) Distinguished LOUIS SAUER andhis wife are intrigued with pretty MRS.LEON JACOBSON.8 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINGOLD KEYSOF MEDICAL ALU�INIPaul R. Cannon, retiring Professorand Chairman of the Department ofPathology, received his gold key formany reasons but primarily for the un­believably productive department henourished and can leave with no regrets,because he has done a remarkable joband produced a legion of heirs.Vernon C. David, '07 Rush, ex­pressed real regret at missing the oppor­tunity to join us, but his PresbyterianHospital colleague, Egbert Fell, '31, ac­cepted the gold key for him. Seventy­five-year-old Dr. David, still a consult­ing surgeon, was full-time staff memberof Presbyterian Hospital from 1909 to1946. He was on the Rush faculty from1909 to 1941 and culminated as its pro-fessor and surgery chairman. He remainsa quoted authority in surgery, especiallyon diseases of the colon.Another acute disappointment was theinability of C. Judson Herrick to bepresent, but sparkling Percival Baileyreceived the key and spoke to the mag­nificence of Herrick as we would nothave heard from the man himself. Her­rick, whose wife asked him in 1907,"Would you rather go to Chicago andburn out, or stay here and rust out,"bubbled and hoi led but never burned outto an emeritus professorship ('3-1 and'37) and is still actively contributing inhis ninetieth year!VISEKWillard J. Visek (a proud '57) spokeof the trauma, trials, sweat, tears, andbeers of his cohorts, from the Sopho­more scalding by Dr. Paul Steiner to thetriumphant Senior Scientific Session. Big Borden Award to l ittle TING·WAWONG,The JOHN OBERHELMANS and EG·BERT FELL ponder HODGES discussion,VISEK at the speakers' table.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 9HODGES FINDSDOCTOR IN HOUSEThrough the years of Alumni ban­quetry it has become obvious that thespeaker of the evening has spoken inthe true tradition of The University ofChicago. He has not succumbed to soft­'ness, humor, or complacency. He hasspoken with vigor on a subject of greatself-interest and also one of importance.Remember Paul Cannon almost scold­ing everyone in the room for not beingfully cognizant of our environmentalcarcinogens? Paul Hodges started witha fade-back to a 1941 graduation speechhe had made and indicated the greatchanges that rendered the old paper use­less. Then he quickly struck:"When Dr. Richter invited me tospeak to you tonight, he made neitherinquiry nor suggestion as to my subject,but, knowing human nature and know­ing that I am sixty-four and that youraverage age is twenty-six and a half, hemust have recognized and accepted therisk that I would be tempted to find inthe oyster of age and experience pearlsof wisdom for the young. I have beentempted and have yielded, but in mod­eration. I offer not a handful, not astring, but just a single pearl. It is asmall one, too, but genuine, of good colorand shape and, I hope, of some value. Ioffer the advice that, since the doctor oftoday cannot possibly function as anindividualist, it behooves him to try tounderstand at least the simpler phases ofadministration so that, with his profes­sional background, viewpoint, and ideals,he may aid rather than impede the workof the team on which he fills a keyposition."This is Dr. Hodges, his life, his work,his contribution. He has always main­tained an enviable outfit, a precision­tooled administration. With such he hashad to live and fight with many of uswhom he notes:"The teachers of some of your teach­ers were pioneers, and much of pioneer­ing individuality, self-reliance, and scornof social restraint has filtered down toyou."Dr. Hodges listed four administrativeproblems "as particularly amenable toassistance from an enlightened clinicalstaff :"1. The difficulty of establishing andmaintaining communication between themembers of the team of physicians andparamedical workers so that they pulltogether rather than in opposite direc­tions."2. The rather general feeling amongpatients that clinics are cold, impersonalplaces and that their staffs are insensitiveto a patient's pain, embarrassment, andfear."3. Resentment at what patients con- (Right) Studied magnificence of two de­partmental chairmen, PAUL HODGES andLESTER DRAGSTEDT.(Center) MILA PIERCE and the loyal,ever-young CLARA JACOBSON_(Bottom) LLOYD ROTH, ROBIN POW­ELL, and JOSEPH KIRSNER enjoying thecocktail party.10 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINsider to be gross and unnecessary un­punctuality on the part of clinics staffand particularly doctors."4. The widely held belief that pres­ent-day clinic and hospital charges arehigher than they need to be."Many important facets and suggestedcures for these problems were discussed,and a worthy quote of many: "Lendyour moral support and advice to effortsat simplifying patient care and be onthe lookout for procedures which maybe eliminated without impairing thequality of medical practice."His closing paragraph spoke for us all."There are many physicians in thishouse tonight, but you fresh new onesare more important than all the rest ofus put together because you representthe future. We know you are steeped inthe science of medicine, because each ofyou has passed examinations that in theaggregate would stump almost everyoneof us. We hope that by example we haveplanted in you the seeds of industry andcharacter, but, as teachers in all ageshave known, we know that there aregreat gaps in your education which youmust fill in for yourselves. Go now withour affectionate blessing."Thank you, Dr. Hodges, "There is aDoctor in the House."The program finale was the unanimouselection of the new officers. WilliamE. Adams, Raymond Professor of Sur­gery, President; M. Edward Davis, '22,De Lee Professor of Obstetrics and Gyn­ecology and Departmental Chairman,Vice-President; Peter Vincent Moul­der, '45, Secretary; and Fausto Tanzi,'50, Medicine departmental secretary,Treasurer. On the Council for 1957-60were added R. Kennedy Gilchrist, Pro­fessor of Surgery (Rush), University ofIllinois, and Robert W. Wissler, '49,Professor and new Chairman of Pathol­ogy.Dr. Adams graciously accepted thegavel and quickly cleared the room. (ToP) MRS. HILGER PERRY JENKINS with HUBERTA LIVINGSTONE ADAMS andPresident WILLIAM E. ADAMS.(Bottom) EMMET BAY and E. M. K. GElLING.DWIGHT INGLE EDITS NEW JOURNALPerspectives in Biology and Medicine,a new quarterly journal "dedicated to amultidisciplined approach to the prob­lems of biology and medicine" made itsfirst appearance in November. It issponsored by the Division of BiologicalSciences and published by the Univer­sity of Chicago Press.Dwight J. Ingle, professor of physi­ology in the Ben May Laboratory, isco-editor with S. O. Waife. of Indianap­olis. They expect to present new hy­potheses and concepts representing informed thinking; interpretive, selectiveessays which take stock of the implica­tions of recent and current research andindicate strategy for the future; and re­views by great men in science and med­icine of their formative years and theirphilosophy of research.The first issue contains a gem of anarticle by C. Judson Herrick entitled"Medical Teaching by a Non-medicalSpecialist" that is rich with personalanecdote and lore of the early days ofthe Medical School. Maurice E. Krahl, of our physiology faculty, also contrib­uted to this issue with "Speculations onthe Action of Insulin, with a Note onOther Hypoglycemic Agents."MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 11FACULTY NEWSWilliam E. Adams has been appointed byGovernor Stratton to the governing boardof the Psychiatric Training and ResearchAuthority, which was established on July 1,1957, by the Sixty-ninth General Assemblyof Illinois. Among the seven members of theboard are also: Roy R. Grinker, Rush '21,Jules H. Masserman, '36-'46, and PeterTalso, Res. staff, '45-'51. Percival Bailey,'28-'39, is an ex officio member.Wright Adams has been elected presidentof the Chicago Heart Association.Franz Alexander, '30-'31, of Los Angeles,has been appointed part-time visiting pro­fessor of psychiatry at the University ofCincinnati.J. Garrott Allen is co-author of a newtext, Surgery-Principles and Practice, pub­lished last April by Lippincott. The otherauthors are Henry N. Harkins, Rush '31,professor and executive officer of the De­partment of Surgery at the University ofWashington; Carl A. Moyer, Bixby Profes­sor of Surgery at Washington University;and Jonathan E. Rhoades, professor of sur­gery and provost of the University of Penn­sylvania.Percival Bailey, '28-'39, addressed theGerman Medical Society of Chicago in No­vember on "The Relationship between Brainand Behavior."Paul Beres has left the Department ofMedicine to enter private practice in Con­necticut.We have a communication from TomGrayston in Taiwan about Richard Blais­dell, '47, who is now instructor in medicineat The Clinics:"When my classmate, Richard Blaisdell,was here in Taiwan in 1952 and 1953 as amember of our Army in a liaison capacity,he made such a good impression on the localpeople and contributed so to their medicalcare and hospitals that they have namedthe heart station at the Fourth Army Gen­eral Hospital in Tainan after him. . . . Ithought our alumni bulletin might be inter­ested in this, as I am certain that Dr. Blais­dell would never tell anyone."At a meeting of the Milwaukee Academyof Medicine at Marquette University, De­cember 7, William Bloom spoke on "BasicCellular and Histologic Changes Producedby Radiation Energy," Austin M. Brueswas moderator of a symposium, and E. M. K.Geiling discussed "Radioisotope Pharma­cology."Henry W. Brosin, '37-'50, of Pittsburgh,spoke on "Characteristic Personality Pat­terns Seen in General Practice," and M. Ed­ward Davis, Rush '22, discussed "Teen-AgeProblems of the Menses" at the Octobermeeting in Chicago of the Interstate Post­graduate Medical Association of NorthAmerica.Paul Bucy, '28-'41, Chicago, is presidentof the World Federation of NeurosurgicalSocieties. Percival Bailey is one of the hon­orary presidents of the organization.Donald Cassels has been made a Fellowof the American College of Chest Physicians.J. W. J. Carpender has been elected treas­urer of the American Board of Radiology. DISTINGUISHEDSERVICE PROFESSORSWilliam Bloom has been namedthe Charles H. Swift DistinguishedService Professor of Anatomy. Dr.Bloom has been on our faculty since1929.Heinrich Kluver is the Sewell L.Avery Distinguished Service Professorof Experimental Psychology. He hasalso been elected to the NationalAcademy of Sciences. Dr. Kluver hasbeen at The University of Chicagosince 1933.Lowell T. Coggeshall has been appointedby Mayor Daley to the Chicago Board ofHealth. Secretary Folsom of the Departmentof Health, Education, and Welfare has madehim a member of the new committee to sur­vey medical research and education in theUnited States.Thomas Dao, '51-'57, has left the BenMay Lab to become head of the Depart­ment of Breast Surgery at the Roswell ParkMemorial Institute in Buffalo, New York.Hugh Dickinson, '56-'57, has left psy­chiatry to become medical director of thePinel Foundation in Seattle.Albert Dorfman, '44, has been made di­rector of the La Rabida-University of Chi­cago Institute, a recent affiliation. He hasbeen selected by the American Academy ofPediatrics to receive the Mead Johnsonaward of $1,000 for his work on the bio­chemistry of connective tissue.J. Thomas Grayston, '47, assistant pro­fessor of medicine, will be in Taiwan fortwo years with the Naval Medical ResearchUnit No. 2 in Taipei. Under a contractbetween the University of Chicago and theOffice of Naval Research, he will set up avirology laboratory and develop a programof research on viral and rickettsial diseasesin the Far East.A. Baird Hastings, '26-'35, chairman ofbiochemistry at Harvard, was visiting pro­fessor at the Australian National Universityin Canberra last summer. He has also beenmade honorary professor of the UniversidadNacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.H. Close Hesseltine has been elected analternate councilor-at-large of the ChicagoMedical Society.Charles B. Huggins was given an honor­ary D.Sc. degree from Torino University,Italy, and was elected honorary president ofthe Italian Urological Association in recog­nition of his contributions in the control ofcancer by hormones. In late September hewas a guest of the Swedish government andgave a series of lectures at the universities ofStockholm, Uppsala, Gothenberz, and Lund.Lamont Jennings has returned to pathol­ogy after two years at the Armed ForcesInstitute of Pathology.Eugene Kennedy will receive the Paul­Lewis Award, a gold medal and $1,000, of the American Chemical Society at theirspring meetings in San Francisco for hiswork on the enzymatic synthesis of ph os­pholipides.Bertha Klien received the Honor Key asthe Award of Merit from the AmericanAcademy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryn­gology in October.Heinrich Kluver attended several scien­tific meetings in Europe last summer andvisited various laboratories, research insti­tutes, and zoological gardens, in Englandand Belgium particularly.Arlington Krause, '35-'56, of Memphis,Tennessee, participated in the October meet­ing of the American Academy of Ophthal­mology in Chicago. His former residentsheld a dinner in his honor while he was here.Huberta M. Livingstone, '32-'52, is pres­ident-elect of the Illinois Society of Anesthe­siologists.On July 1, Clayton Loosli, '37, will be­come Dean of the School of Medicine of theUniversity of Southern California in LosAngeles. Dr. Loosli has been on the medicalfaculty since his graduation and since 1949has been professor and head of preventivemedicine.George Martin, '54-'57, and RobertPriest, '54, are instructors in pathology atthe University of Washington under EarlBenditt. Frank Newell is the new presidentof the Chicago Ophthalmological Society.Stephen Rothman gave the Leo von Zum­busch Memorial Lecture in Munich, Ger­many, in July. The occasion is in memoryof the famous German dermatologist and isarranged annually by the Munich MedicalSociety.Peter B. Segal, '53-'56, has been appoint­ed an associate in gynecology-obstetrics atthe Chicago Medical School.Shu-Yung Wang, '54, has left Zoller toopen a practice in oral diagnosis and maxillo­facial surgery in Hyde Park.Roy M. Whitman, '50-'54, has joined thefaculty of the University of Cincinnati asassociate professor of psychiatry and neurol­ogy. Since leaving The Clinics he has beenchief of neurology and psychiatry at the VAResearch Hospital in Chicago and on thefaculty at Northwestern.Paul Weiss, '33-'54, professor at the Rock­efeller Institute for Medical Research, re­ceived an honorary degree from the Univer­sity of Giessen, Germany.Dr. Weiss was presented recently with the500,000th microscope made by the century­old firm of Ernst Leitz, of Germany, at abrief ceremony in his laboratory. The pres­entation of the microscope was in the tra­dition of special recognition given by theLeitz organization to internationally knownscientists for fundamental contributions tothe knowledge of living structures and theirdevelopment and pathology. Weiss is thefirst American to be so honored. Previousrecipients at the 100,000 intervals since 1907have been Robert Koch, Paul Ehrlich, Mar­tin Heidcnhain, Ludwig Aschoff, and Ger­hard Domagk (Nobel Prize winner forchemotherapy) .12 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINGRADUATE NEWS'34. Sam W. Banks, Chicago, is secretaryof the American Board of Orthopaedic Sur­gery.Eugene deSavitsch is recovering from acoronary accident and embolus in London.He hopes to resume his duties in anotheryear. Two 0 f his books will be publishedthis fall by Andre Deutsch, London.'36. Charles H. Rammelkamp, Jr., pre­sented the Lewis A. Conner Memorial Lec­ture at the American Heart Associationmeetings in Chicago in October. His titlewas "Rheumatic Heart Disease: A Chal­lenge."'37. Joan Fleming is president of the Chi­cago Psychoanalytic Society.The Edmond Uhrys announce the birthof a daughter, Amanda Beth, on May 29,1957.'39. Victor Johnson, director of the MayoFoundation, has been named a trustee ofShimer College at Mount Carroll, Illinois.William W. Scott, Baltimore, spoke on"Hormones and Cancer" in a symposium onthe management of carcinoma of the pros­tate at the November meeting of the Chi­cago Urological Society.'';1. Arnold lazarow, of the Universityof Minnesota, has been elected to the Coun­cil of the American Diabetes Associationfor a three-year term.'';2. Edward R. Woodward has left theUniversity of California at Los Angeles tobecome head of the Department of Surgeryat the new medical school of the Universityof Florida in Gainesville.'n. William J. Hand is the new presi­dent of the Jackson Park Branch of the Chi­cago Medical Society, and David S. Fox,'';';, is secretary.'';';. Ray Hepner, associate professor ofpediatrics at the University of Missouri,spoke on "Influence of Maternal NutritionalLevel on the Fetus and Infant" at a sym­posium on "Nutrition in Pregnancy" spon­sored bv the Council on Foods and Nutritionof the American Medical Association held inColumbia in October.'';8. Winslow G. Fox is now in generalpractice in Ann Arbor, Michigan.Mark Gorney is now in the private prac­tice of plastic surgery in San Francisco afternaval service, five years of residency, andtwo years of private practice in New Orleans.'';9. Robert E. Slayton has been appointeddirector of medical education at St. Luke'sHospital, Chicago.'51. William M. Smith is a research fel­low in cardiology at the cardiopulmonarylaboratory of Columbia University. His ad­dress is still the USPHS Hospital on StatenIsland. The Smiths now have three children-a son and two daughters.'52. Elsa and Leon Gordon have threechildren- J 0 Carol, four ; Joey, two; andJennifer, nearly a year. Elsa is in psychiatricresidency at Palo Alto \'A Hospital. Leonis in general surgical practice in San Jose.Irwin Rich is in the private practice oforthopedic surgery in Chicago.'53. The Jack Japengas (Laurena wason the resident staff in pediatric> '51-'S.3)announce the arr ival of their son, CharlesAlbert, on October 10. Laurena is assistant at the La Rabida Institute, and Jack is aresident in radiology at The Clinics.Horst Weinberg is a pediatric residentat St. Christopher's Hospital in Philadelphia.He married Carol M. DeSandre last June.'54. Edwin 1. Stickney, in general prac­tice in Broadus, Montana, writes that hehas a new son, Jeffrey Page, born in Sep­tember via Cesarian section.Nicholas T, Zervas (Capt., MC) is onthe neurosurgical service at the Second Gen­eral Hospital in Germany. After he leavesthe Army next July, he will continue neuro­surgical training at the Massachusetts Gen­eral Hospital.'55. John R, Benfield (Capt., MC) isstationed in Korea with the Army Air Force,where he is commanding officer of a mobileArmy surgical hospital. He spoke at a re­cent medical meeting at the University ofKanaza wa, Japan, on "The Reversibility ofChronic Atelectasis of the Lung." Two thou­sand surgeons from all over Japan attendedthis meeting.Herbert B, Greenlee was awarded the1957 Raymond W. McNealy five-hundred­dollar prize of the Chicago Surgical Societyfor his work on "Studies on the Mechanismof Inhibition of Gastric Secretion." He is aresident in surgery here assigned now to theMunicipal Tuberculosis Sanitarium of Chi­cago.Dale S. Grimes, after completing sixmonths' training at the U.S. Naval Schoolof Aviation Medicine at Pensacola, Florida,is now attached as a flight surgeon with asquadron based in Bermuda.Richard A, Katzman has been with theArmy in Verdun, France, for over a year.He will begin a medical residency at theUniversity of Michigan next summer.George G. Meyer sends word of the birthof his first child, Bruce Alan, on April 23.He has been transferred from Sioux Sana­torium, Rapid City, South Dakota, to theIndian Hospital at Cass Lake, Minnesota,where he is in charge of the hospital and afield health program.The Leonard Sagans have lived in MarinCounty while Leonard completed his intern­ship and a year's fellowship with Dr. PeterForsham at the Metabolic Unit of the Uni­versity of California. In July he left for theArmy. His family has been increased by two<oris since they left Chicago-Duncan, bornOctober, 1955, and Stuart, born early in1957.'5n. leonard Achor has left pharmacol­ogy to take a position with the Merck Insti­tute for Therapeutic Research.John D. Arterberry and Beth Kinyonwere married in Los Angeles last June.Yukio Kawamura is in general practicein Berkeley, California.Dino Panos is completing an eighteen­month internship at Cook County Hospitaland will go into general practice in Gary,Indiana, next spring. He was married onJuly 13 to Patricia 1. Spencer.Sheldon Wolfe married Nancy Sue' Upinin Los Angeles on May 18.'57. Murray Berger and Marianne Radleywere married in Hilton Chapel shortly aftergraduation last June. RESIDENT NEWSKurt Aterman, senior lecturer in the De­partment of Anatomy, Medical School, Bir­mingham, England, is the first May CaveWillett Research Postdoctoral Fellow atLying-in. A grant of $100,000 from Mr.Howard Willett, Sr., in honor of his wife,supports this appointment, which initiates anew research program on the physiology ofreproduction.Peter Brunnen, from the surgical facultyof the University of Aberdeen, Scotland,will work with William Adams for oneyear as research associate in surgery as theGraham Memorial Traveling Fellow of theAmerican Association for Thoracic Surgery.Catherine K. Cullinan and NathanSchlessinger have been appointed associatesin psychiatry at the Chicago Medical School.Charles W. Denko, on our medical staff1952-56, is now research associate at theRackham Arthritis Research Unit of theUniversity of Michigan and assistant pro­fessor of internal medicine.Lester Dragstedt, Jr., and Edward Stem­mer, '53, have returned from the service toresume their residencies in surgery.Alexander Ervanian, '53, resumes his res­idency in pathology after two and a halfyears with the Navy at Great Lakes.Martin Flax has left pathology to join theAir Force.Word has reached us of the prowess ofTracy Haverfield ('37-'40) in the rod-and­reel world. In the International Marlin andSailfish Tournament held in Panama lastsummer he took two first prizes: for a 385-pound black marlin in the 80-pound classand for a 104-pound sailfish in the outboard­motor class.louis Head is now associated with hisfather, Jerome R. Head, at Wesley MemorialHospital.A Jay Jacoby Day ('46-'47), in honor ofhis tenth year on the faculty of Ohio StateUniversity, where he is professor and chair­man of the Department of Anesthesiology,was held on June 1. Huberta M. Living­stone was a guest speaker on the scientificprogram.Thomas Johnson, '52, has returned toMcGill University, where he is resident insurgery at the Royal Victoria Hospital.Richard A. Kredel, '36-'37, '41-'42, Pasa­dena, has been elected president of the LosAngeles Radiological Society.John W. Loop has returned to radiologyafter a year in Sweden.Gerald Mendel returns as medical resi­dent after service in the Air Force.Eric Nelson is returning to the Universityof California at Los Angeles as a member ofthe Bacteriology Department.Samuel Wilkins Norwood (intern '39-'';0) completed his residency in obstetricsand gynecology at Cook County in 1943,served two years in the Army, and has beenin private practice in Atlanta, Georgia, since1946. The whole Norwood family are sailingenthusiasts-his wife, Miriam, and Vicki,seventeen, Sam III, fifteen, Elizabeth, thir­teen, and Lois, nine.Carroll 1. Spurling ('50-'55) announcesthe arrival of his second son, John Latti­more, on October 3, 1956, in Severna Park,Maryland.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 13RUSH NEWS'01. Fred 1. Adair has written us that heand Mrs. Adair held a family reunion overFather's Day and for the first time broughtall fifteen members of their family together.J?hn. F. Kuhn, resident in surgery, '32-'34,his wile, Agnes J. (Adair) Kuhn, Ph.B., '34,and their four children were present. RobertC. Adair, B.A., '36, his wife and their threechildren, and Richard P. Adair, B.A., '37,and his wife were present.'20. A George Morris Curtis Lectureshiphas been established at Ohio State Univer­sity Health Center "in recognition of Dr.Curtis' leadership in the field of surgery."Dr. C.urtis is emeritus professor of surgeryat OhIO State University.. '21. J. Arnold Bargen, Mayo Clinic, wasvice-president of the World Congress ofGastroenterology which met in May inWashington, D.C. He is the outgoing presi­dent of the Minnesota State Medical Asso­ciation.'24. Willis J. Potts spoke on "SurgicalEmergencies in the Newborn" at the annual"May Clinic Day" sponsored by the InghamCounty Medical Society in Lansing, Michi­gan.'27. Alexander Brunschwig, professor ofsurgery at Cornell University, has been pro­moted to the rank of Officier in the FrenchNational Order of the Legion of Honor "asa token of appreciation for the valuableservices rendered by him to the cause ofFranco-American co-operation in the fieldof medicine." He was first awarded theLegion of Honor in 1950, grade Chevalier.'3�. Jack Cowen presented a paper, "PoolGonioscopy, Technique, and Visualization ofthe Anterior Chamber of the Eye," beforethe Ophthalmological Society of Vienna in�ovember. He demonstrated this techniqueIn a course before the annual sessions of theAcademy of Ophthalmology in Chicago.. Henry N. Harkins, University of Wash­mgtori, has been elected second vice-presi­dent of the American Surgical Association.Dr. Harkins was the first student to enrolin the clinical years on the South Side asresident in surgery, 1931-38.L<;>�is B. Newman, chief of the physicalmedicine and rehabilitation service of theVeterans Research Hospital, Chicago, waspresented with a distinguished service awardby the Illinois Institute of Technology.Harold C. Wagner is president-elect ofthe Chicago Society of Allergy.'32. John M. Waugh, of the Mayo Clinic,was awarded the honorary degree of Doctorof Humanities from Tarkio College, Mis­SOUrI.'34. Charles Dunham, director of the di­vision of biology and medicine AtomicEnergy Commission, was a guest speakeron November 1 at the seventh annual scien­tific day of the Medical Alumni Associationof the University of Pittsburgh.'39. Anthony C. Yerkovich is in generalpractice in Lackawanna, New York. He ismarried and has six children three of eachkind (if the one born in August is a girl­otherwise, four boys). t:l1arts 51mbrose <Braham1883-1957The death of Evarts Ambrose Grahammarked the passing of one of the mosteminent and versatile surgeons thiscountry has ever produced. Not onlywas he known for his ability in clinicalsurgery and in stimulating students ofsurgery but he was internationally rec­ognized for his scientific attainments andfor his activities in national and inter­national organizations.Dr.. Graham. w�s honored (for out­standing contributions) by being madea member of the National Academy ofSciences in 1941, when only two otherAmerican surgeons (Halsted and Cush­ing) had been so honored. He wasawarded the Lister Medal of the RoyalCollege of Surgeons of England and waselected president of the Sixteenth Con­gress of the International Society ofSurgery held at Copenhagen in 1955.He was born of staunch Presbyterianparents in Chicago, March 19, 1883.His father, David W. Graham, was aleading surgeon and a charter memberof the staff of Presbyterian Hospital.HIs mother, Ida Barnet Graham was ofextraordinary intelligence and' energyand. devoted. her entire life to publicservice, especially with the PresbyterianChurch and Hospital. Under the guid­ance of these parents Dr. Graham be­came imbued with a strong sense of re­sponsibility and dedication to his work.H� was granted an M.A. degree atPnnceton University in 1904 and an!'1.D. degree at Rush Medical College10 1907. It was at Princeton that he began making plans for a medical ca­reer and decided that his objectiveswoul� be: to do major surgery, to en­gage 10 research, and to establish a clin­ic of younger men interested in study-109 and developing ideas.After early training at the Presby­terian Hospital, there followed perhapsthe most significant period in his medi­cal education. This period, during whichhe WIthdrew from clinical surgery, wasspent 10 chemistry with Dr. Rollin T.Woodyatt, who, with Dr. Frank Billingsdeveloped the Otho S. A. Sprague Me�morial Institute for medical research.He was thus influenced by Germanic sci­entific training passed down from Fried­rich Mueller to Lewellyn F. Barker toWoodyatt, a system that had been hand­ed down in German universities fromthe time of Liebig.Following his participation in the firstWorld War, Dr. Graham received a callfrom Washington University and becameBixby Professor of Surgery at that uni­versity in 1919.He now had an opportunity to carryout the plans made during his earlieryears at Princeton. One of his greatestscientific contributions, the developmentof cholecystography, soon followed andhas been considered by many as worthyof a Nobel Prize in medicine. The devel­opment of the Graham-Cole test came asa result of his training in chemistry andwith his earlier work on the EmpyemaCommISSIOn were probably his greatestcontributions to surgery. In 1933 he per­formed the first successful pneumonecto­my fo: carcinoma of the lung, and sincethat time he has received internationalacclaim for his contributions regardingthe cause and surgical management ofthis tumor.Dr. Graham became ill in January ofthis year and by an act of fate wasstricken with a condition, bronchogeniccarcinoma, the surgical treatment forwhich he had become world famous. Hedied on March 4, 1957. Memorial serv­ices were held at the Graham Chapel atWashington University on March 31. Heleaves to mourn his passing not only amultitude of fnends but also his wifeDr. Helen Tredway Graham, professo;of pharmacology at Washington Univer­sity, and two sons, Evarts AmbroseGraham and Dr. David Tredway Gra­ham, who is associate professor of med­icine at Washington University.Dr. Graham made many contributionsin the field of surgery, not the least ofwhich was the training and stimulationof young men in research and the clin­ical practice of surgery. His passing is agreat loss, but his outstanding influenceon the profession will long be remem­bered.WILLIAM E. ADAMS, M.D.Raymond Professor of Surgery14 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINflJilliam j. 19icckmannJ 897-1957William J. Dieckmann, the Mary Cam­peau Ryerson Professor of Obstetrics andGynecology, died on August 15, 1957. Withhis going The University of Chicago lostone of its fine scholars, teachers, and investi­gators and the specialty of obstetrics andgynecology one of its great modern leaders.Bill Dieckmann was born in Belleville,Illinois, the son of a prosperous builder. In1918, while he was an undergraduate atWashington University, he married Kather-ine Morrison of Burnt Prairie, Illinois. Hereceived his B.S. degree in 1920 and his M.D.degree in 1922 from the same institution.A daughter, Dorothy Jean Brown, was bornin 1921 at Barnes Hospital, and her difficultdelivery may have spurred the father toelect to make the study of human reproduc­tion his life-interest.His early years at Washington Universitywere eventful. The school was in the throesof major changes, and many new and prom­ising faculty members were being recruited.Pursuit of new knowledge was to be themajor goal of the revitalized medical insti­tution and its faculty. Bill Dieckmann wasswept along in this' exciting era, and hisinterest in research began as a student andcontinued throughout -his professional life.The toxemias of pregnancy, one of the threemajor causes of maternal mortality, attract­ed his attention very early in his career andremained the center of his scientific interestsall his life. (Why did young women developpregnancy toxemias? What were the basicmechanisms by which these complicationsproduced convulsions? Could they be pre­vented by intelligent medical care? Theseand many related problems provided thestimulus for many exciting experiments andstudies and brought him to the attention ofmedical educators.) His success during theseyears was marked by rapid academic ad- vancement from instructor (1924-28) toassistant professor (1928-29) and to asso­ciate professor (1929-31).When the Chicago Lying-in Hospital wasnearing completion on the Midway in 1931,Dr. McLean, Dr. DeLee, and Dr. Adair be­gan to assemble a full-time staff for the newDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology.They were interested in a special breed ofmen and women who were dedicated to un­covering new facts as well as to teaching andthe practice of our specialty in the best inter­ests of patients. They found such a youngman at Washington University MedicalSchool and brought him to Chicago to joinour faculty on July 1, 1931. His accom­plishments in the next twenty-six years morethan fulfilled the hopes and aspirations ofthe University.At Lying-in Hospital, with better labora­tory and clinical facilities, he accumulateddata which provided the background for ourpresent knowledge of pregnancy toxemias.He published more than a hundred scientificpapers and two editions of his textbook,The Toxemias of Pregnancy, which is theacknowledged repository of medical knowl­edge on this subject.He was the recipient of many honors. Hewas a member of the scientific societies inour special and related fields. He was co­editor of the Journal of Obstetrics and Gyne­cology. The Chicago Gynecological Societyhonored him with its presidency in 1944.He was a founder of the Society for Gyneco­logic Investigation.In 1942, with the retirement of FredLyman Adair, Dr. Dieckmann was appoint­ed Mary Campeau Ryerson Professor andChairman of the Department. Although hesuffered his first coronary episode soon after­ward, he added new administrative dutiesto his active schedule without decreasinghis research activities. In January, 1954, hedecided to relinquish the chairmanship inorder to devote more time to his scientificpursuits. He drove himself relentlessly inorder to finish a number of projects whichwould provide the answer to the age-oldriddle-what is the cause of pre-eclampsiaand eclampsia? Late in the morning onAugust 1S, 1957, he went home to rest for abit prior to meeting his daughter and grand­daughter for lunch. He failed to keep thislast appointment.What kind of a man was Bill Dieckmann,who for more than a quarter of a centurywas an important part of the Chicago Lying­in Hospital? Many of the readers of thisB ulletin can answer this question better thanI can. Many of you were his students; someof you were his patients most of you werehis friends. He was a precise, exacting teach­er, never too busy to discuss a problem oranswer a question. He was a competent cli­nician with a keen and kindly interest in hispatient. He' was very close to his family,and his little granddaughter, Linda, was theapple of his eye. His research contributionsand his place in American medicine havehelned immeasurably to keep our hospitaland the Universitv in the vanguard of pro­gressive, dynamic institutions. All of us wholove our hospital and the great Universityof which it is a part have lost a real friend.M. EDWARD DAVIS, M.D., '22De Lee Professor and ChairmanDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology DEATHS'B2. John Knox Kutnewsky, Evanston,Ill., May 31, age 99.'95. Albert Eugene Dennison, Oak Park,III., June 7, age 87.Joseph Ralph Wagner, Palacios, Tex.,May 28"age 87.'97. Theodore Frederick Butzow, SanDiego, Calif., May 31, age 86.George Claude Devine, Ontario, Wis.,August 30, age 81.George Harry Fellman, Milwaukee, Wis.,May 28, age 85.Louis E. Gordon, Van Nuys, Calif., June19,age81. ''00. Robert Alexander Bachmann, NewYork City, January 5, age 77.Frank L. Crain, Deep River, Iowa, J anu­ary 6, age 83.Michael Francis Dorsey, Chicago, No­vember 29, age 84.'01. Frederick Paus Rasmusson, Moor­head, Minn., March 7, age 82.'02. Gustavus Brown Jackson, SantaMonica, Calif., May 8, age 79.David Powell Johnson, Chicago, Sep­tember 30, age 86.Alexandre T. Nadeau, Marinette, Wis.,March 3, age 79.'03. George Forstner Harding, SantaMonica, Calif., October 29, age 87.William M. Hartman, Macomb, 111.,October 13, age 77.Robert Nelson Lane, Gibson City, Ill.,February 26, age 79.Claude B. Lewis, St. Cloud, Minn., April20, age 78.Hugh McKenna, Chicago, May 12, age82.'04. Henry William Abelmann, Chicago,April 11, age 76.Robert Seaman Allison, Salt Lake City,Utah, May 21, age 79.'05. Robert Campbell Menzies, Chicago,September 23, age 74.'06. Halber Brush Blakey, Columbus,Ohio, April 10, age 77.'OB. Guy Luvergne Bliss, Claremont,Calif., June 2, age 79.Robert Bain Hasner, Royal Oak, Mich.,September 16, age 72.'09. Jesse Robert Gerstley, Chicago,March 16, age 70.'10. Robert Louis Benson, Portland, Ore.,January 20, age 76.'12. Irwin Woodward Bach, BeverlyHills, Calif., March 25, age 70.William George Strobel, Duluth, Minn.,September 20, age 70.Arno B. Luckhardt, Chicago, November5, age 72.Chester Ray Swackhamer, Globe, Ariz.,June 8, age 71.Frederick Jacob Wampler, Bridgewater,Va., April 6, age 74.'14. Arthur Joseph Williams, Waukesha,Wis., October 10, age 69.'15. Carl Nathaniel Harris, Hibbing,Minn., February 10, age 69.'17. Wesley Harrison Acker, Waterloo,Iowa, February 3, age 65.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 15Herman Charles Meyer, Necedah, Wis.,May 14, age 69.'18. Gaylord Ray Hess, Chicago, Septem­ber 2, age 66.'19. Hugh Macdonald, Peoria, II!., J anu­ary 14, age 63.'20. Viggo Wilhelm Jensen, New Smyr­na Beach, Fla., April 22, age 70.Gilbert Palmer Pond, Oak Park, Ill.,May 20, age 63.'21. Samuel Robert Barker, Chicago,March 29, age 60.'22. Joseph E. Lepke, Chicago, June 6,age 60.'2]. Dale D. Corrington, Tallassee, Ala.,July 21, age 59.'24. Arthur Henry Hansen, Hammond,Ind., March 26, age 59.'25. William Clarence Doepp, BlueIsland, Ill., April 30, age 58.William Witten Robinson, Spokane,Wash., February 5, age 59.Anthony Nicholas Trapp, Chicago, Oc­tober 14, age 59.'26. Ethel Maria Fikany, Albuquerque,N.M., June 14, age 65.Carl Helgeson, Chicago, October 9, age61.Benona Jones Proctor, Los Angeles,Calif., June 28, age 59.'27. Ivan Columbus Berrey, Birming­ham, Ala., April 26, age 58.Clarence Ralph Goode, Chicago, April21, age 65.'28. Herbert Coyne Campbell, Okla­homa City, Okla., January 23, age 52.Arthur P. Delaney, Watervliet, Mich.,May 21, age 63.Edward H. Files, Cedar Rapids, Iowa,October 24, age 58.Polhamus Alberta Lillian Smolt, Ven­tura, CaliL, June 13, age 55.'29. Stanley Charles Anderson, Los An­geles, March 31, age 57.'30. Stanley Schaefer Bruechert, Pasa­dena, CaliL, February 2, age 52.'32. Townsend B. Friedman, Chicago,March 6, age 51.Livingston Eli Josselyn, Highland Park,Ill., April 1, age 52.John Bertram Larsen, Morris, II!., MarchIS, age 63.Raymond Merchant, Lake Village, Ind.,February 9, age 54.Reo Miskimen Swan, Cambridge, Ohio,March 7, age 54.'33. Regina Stoltz Greenebaum, Pitts­burgh, June 7, age 53.'34. Charles K. Neher, Cleveland, June24, age 51.'35. Ralph Edward Talbott, Chicago,January 7, age SO.'37. Stephen Alfred Forbes, Chicago,March 16, age 47.William Rigby Jacobs, Lewiston, Idaho,January 26, age 50.'38. Kenneth Pope Jackson, Bremerton,Wash., May 5, age 51.'41. Ira Malcolm Gibson, Valdosta, Ga.,March 31, age 47.Eleazar S. Guzman Barron (Faculty '31-'57), Chicago, June 25, age 5S.Heinrich F. Kobrak (Faculty, '54), De­troit, October 9, age 52.Armando R. Milla i Resident, '47-'48),San Salvador, El Salvador, Central America,died in July. NEW APPOINTMENTSAttallah Kappas, '50, returned to theUniversity in June to become AssistantProfessor in charge of the ArthritisService in the Department of Medicine.After his internship at Kings CountyHospital in Brooklyn, he was researchfellow at the Sloan-Kettering Institutefor Cancer Research. After a residencyat Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Bos­ton, he returned to the Sloan-KetteringInstitute as an associate before his ap­pointment here.The newly organized Department ofPsychiatry has several new membersthis year.William Charles Offenkrantz wasappointed Associate Professor of Psy­chiatry in October. He received theM.D. degree from Columbia in 1947 andfrom 1950 through 1956 was associatedwith the William Alanson White Insti­tute for Psychoanalysis in New YorkCity. Dr. Offenkrantz is chairman of theresidency committee in the department.Eleanor Jane Watson is AssistantProfessor of Psychiatry as of October l.She received her M.D. degree from theUniversity of Michigan in 1949 and herM.S. degree from the University ofMinnesota this year. She was associatedwith the Mayo Foundation from 1950to 1955. Her work is in child psychiatry,associated with John F. Kenward, '44,at The Clinics and with Dr. Bettelheimat the Orthogenic School.Robert S. Daniels is Instructor ofPsychiatry. He has a bachelor's and anM.D. degree from the University of Cin­cinnati in 1948 and 195 l. He completedhis residency at the same institution be­fore joining the staff here.Bruno Bettelheim, Professor of Edu­cational Psychology and Principal of theSonia Shankman Orthogenic School since1944, has a joint appointment in psychi­atry beginning last February. Dr. Bettel­heim was educated in Vienna and hasbeen on the faculty of The Universityof Chicago almost continuously sincecoming to this country in 1939. He iswidely known for his work with emo­tionally disturbed children.Ralph W. Heine is Associate Profes­sor of Psychology in the department asof October, 1956. He received his B.S.and M.S. degrees from NorthwesternUniversity in 1938 and 1939 and hisPh.D. from The University of Chicagoin 1950. He has been chief psychologistat the West Side VA Research Hospital.Robert C. Carson joined the depart­ment in June as Instructor of Psychol­ogy. He was granted an M.A. degree in1955 and a Ph.D. degree in 1957 fromNorthwestern University.Allan Rechtschaffen, B.A. and M.A, from City College of New York andPh,D, in 1956 from Northwestern Uni­versity, is Instructor in Psychology.From 1954 to 1956 he was a VeteransAdministration trainee in clinical psy­chology,STEINBACHOn July 1 H. Burr Steinbach becameProfessor and Chairman of the Depart­ment of Zoology,Dr. Steinbach is a graduate of threeuniversities with a B,A, from the Uni­versity of Michigan in 1928, an M,A,from Brown University in 1930, and thePh,D, in zoology from the University ofPennsylvania in 1933, In 1933-34 hewas a research fellow in the Departmentof Physiology at The University of Chi­cago and subsequently on the facultiesof the Universities of Pennsylvania,Minnesota, Columbia, and Washington(St. Louis), and, finally, in 1947 back tothe University of Minnesota as profes­sor of zoology,Dr. Steinbach's major research in­terests are the chemical and electricalproperties of muscle and nerve cells(bioelectric phenomena, injury poten­tials, sodium-potassium equilibrium), on­togenes.s of enzyme systems in chicks,and characterization of the enzyme sys­tems of granular components,He is president-elect of the AmericanSociety of Zoologists and past presidentof the Society of General Physiologists,He is a consultant to the National Sci­ence Foundation and from 1942 to 1950was editor of the Biological Bulletin,Dr. Steinbach was born in Dexter,Michigan. October 5, 1905, His wife isthe former Eleanor Parsons, and theyhave three sons and a daughter.Chief residents for 1957-58Surgery-Shirl Evans, '51Medicine-Leonard Lee, '48Pediatrics-Donna Sommer,'5416 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN\X'ISSLER HEADS PATHOLOGYHappily teaching Sophomore pathology-ROBERT WISSLERRobert William Wissler, '48, becameProfessor and Chairman of the Depart­ment of Pathology, October 1, 1957, onthe retirement of Paul R. Cannon.Bob Wissler came to the Universityof Chicago in 1939 after earning hisA.B. degree and receiving the DavidWorth Dennis Award from EarlhamCollege. He took a Master's degree in1943, a Ph.D. in Pathology in 1946, andreceived his M.D. in 1948. Since 1941he has been a member of the pathologyfaculty.In 1947 he received the Howard Tay­lor Ricketts Medal for outstanding re­search in pathology and bacteriologyand in 1950 the Joseph A. Capps Prize(Chicago Institute of Medicine) forstudies on the production of hardeningof the coronary arteries in experimentalanimals. He is a member of AOA and ofSigma Xi.BULLETINof the Alumni AssociationThe University of ChicagoSCHOOL OF MEDICINE950 East Fifty-ninth Street, Chicago 37, Illinois\'OL. 14 AUTlJMN 1957 NO.1EDITORIAL BOARDPETER V. :MOULDER, Chairman""RIGHT ADAl\IS ELEANOR 1\1. HUMPHREYSL. T. COGGESHALL HUBERTA LIVINGSTONE::ROBERT J. HASTERLI K eLA YTON LOOSLIWALTER L. PALMERJESSIE BURNS l\IAcLEAN I SecretarySubscription with membership:Annual, �4.00 Life, $60.00 His research interests are the pathol­ogy of protein deficiency, protein me­tabolism, allergic arteritis and endocar­ditis, relationships of irradiation anddiet to immunity, experimental athero­sclerosis, antibody formation, and a va­riety of experimental studies on cancer.Dr. Wissler has stimulated and workedwith many medical students in his lab­oratory. A number of superb papershave been presented yearly at the An­nual Senior Scientific Session. Last Junethree studies were presented from hisbeehive by Philip Fireman, FrancisStraus, and Ting-Wa Wong; and, asnoted earlier, Ting-Wa Wong was grant­ed the Borden Award.He is forty years old, married, andlives in Hyde Park with his wife, Betty,and their four young children.CORRIDOR COMMENTThe autumn issue of the Bulletin hasarrived a little late in part due to theeditorial change, since Dr. EleanorHumphreys has been persuaded to giveup one of her thousand or more activi­ties.As you can see from this issue andwill see in subsequent ones, the Schoolof Medicine is in a tremendous state offlux, with many of our grand pioneersreaching the age of retirement and somepassing on. Be patient with our attemptsto eulogize the old and present the new.P. V. M. PROMOTIONSTo Professor:Albert Dorfman, '44-PediatricsJames Moulder-MicrobiologyMila Pierce, Rush '25-PediatricsBirgit Vennesland, Ph.D., '38-Biochem­istryRobert Wissler, '48-PathologyTo Associate Professor:Lawrence Bogorad-BotanyIden Hill, '44-Zoller ClinicJohn Kenward, '44-Pediatrics & Psy-chiatryRobert Lewert-MicrobiologyAllan Lorincz, '47-DermatologyWayne McIlrath-BotanyRobert Moseley, '47-RadiologyPeter Moulder, '45-SurgerySidney Schulman, '46-NeurologyRose Sternheimer-AnesthesiologyPaul Talalay-Ben May LaboratoryIlza Veith-History of MedicineTo Research Associate (Associate Profes­sor) :Frank Besic-Zoller ClinicNathan Brewer-PhysiologyAlbert Dahlberg-Zoller ClinicRobert Feinstein-BiochemistryHerman Lisco-PathologyTo Assistant Professor:Thomas Beaman-OphthalmologyRobert Carter-PediatricsSydenham Cryst, '52-MedicineJohn Cunningham-AnesthesiologyJohn Doull, '53-PharmacologyBurton Grossman, '49-PediatricsRay Koppelman-Biochemistry & Col-legeRalph Naunton-OtolaryngologyHarry Oberhelman, '47-SurgeryDonald Rowley, '50-PathologyJean Spencer, '50-MedicineTahir Bulent Tunaken-PsychiatryRobert Uretz-Committee on BiophysicsHenry Wildberger, '51-MedicineIra Wool, '53-PhysiologyTo Research Associate (Assistant Profes­sor) :Joseph Cifonelli-Biochemistry & Pedi­atricsRoy Mackal-BiochemistryTo Instructor:Wayne Akeson, '53-OrthopedicsRichard Blaisdell, '47-MedicinePhilip Christiansen-MedicineFrank Fitch, '50-PathologyDavid Greer, '53-MedicineMelvin Griem-RadiologyRobert Harrison-SurgeryHenry Inouye, '51-SurgeryArnold Kessler-ObstetricsJohn Landor, '53-SurgeryRay Lavender-MedicineMariano LaVia-Zolier & AnatomyLeonard Lee, '48-MedicineEdward Lyon, '53-UrologyThomas Nelsen-SurgeryAlbert Niden-MedicineHerzl Ragins-SurgeryJohn Robinson-ZollerWynn Sayman, '53-SurgeryDonna Sommer, '54-PediatricsJohn Sommer, '53-Urology