'olume 13 WINTER 1957 Number 2HISTOPLASMOSISCLAYTON LOOSLI and JOHN PROCKNOW discuss X-ray evidence of pulmonary histoplasmosisBy CLAYTON G. LOOSLI, '37Professor of Medicine and Chief of Section of Preventive MedicineMiraculous advances have been madethe treatment of bacterial infections.h sulfonamides and antibiotics. Yetoroximately 50 per cent of all totali disabling illnesses are still respira­y-tract infections. These are mostlya-bacterial in origin and include thoseised by viruses and fungi for which:re is no known therapy. Lack of knowledge concerning the etiology ofmany of these respiratory diseases pre­vents the development of methods ofcontrol and therapy.During the last ten years our grouphas been investigating two large prob­lems: the etiological and immunologicalaspect of virus infections of the respira­tory tract in man and animals and the nature of pulmonary histoplasmosis, afungus infection which occurs in manand animals. This discussion is limitedto our investigation of this fungus dis­ease. Support for our research on histo­plasmosis has come from the Kuppen­heimer and Seymour Coman Fellowshipfunds of the University. Since 1947 theResearch Grant Division of the United2 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINStates Public Health Service has alsogiven yearly grants totaling approxi­mately $190,000 to date for the supportof this investigation.PREVALENCE OF HISTOPLASMOSISUntil twelve years ago the diseasecaused by the fungus Histoplasma cap­sulatum was thought to produce onlyrare and fatal illnesses. As a result ofstudies from this and other laboratoriesit is now known that frequent non-fatalpulmonary histoplasma infections occurwhich simulate a variety of acute andchronic illnesses caused by other agents.On the basis of recent studies employ­ing the histoplasmin skin test as an epi­demiological tool, it is estimated thattwenty-five to thirty million people inthe United States have experiencedsome form of non-fatal histoplasmosisand that many thousands acquire thedisease yearly.HISTOPLASMIN AND TUBERCULINSENSITIVITY IN RELATION TOPULMONARY CALCIFICATIONHistoplasma lung lesions are mostoften considered mistakenly to be tu­berculous, for, as in tuberculosis, heal­ing occurs by fibrosis and calcification.In order to learn more about the rela­tionship of pulmonary calcification totuberculosis and histoplasmosis, skin­testing employing tuberculin and histo­plasmin antigens was instituted in 1947as part of the chest disease detectionprogram of the University Health Serv­ice. At this time only 30 per cent of the nine thousand students enrolled camefrom Chicago and vicinity. The greaternumber came from all parts of theUnited States, and several hundred camefrom foreign countries. Thus, with theUniversity of Chicago acting as a cen­tral "epidemiological" station, an oppor­tunity was provided to determine theprevalence of histoplasmin and tuber­culin sensitivity and pulmonary calcifi­cation among persons from areas notyet extensively surveyed. Thos� partici­pating in these studies included Drs.William G. Beadenkopf, Herbert Lack,Frederick A. Rice, and Robert V. Slat­tery, of the departments of Medicineand Roentgenology, and Mr. Leonard J.Savage, of the Committee on Statistics.The initial investigation covered theperiod from January, 1947, to October,1948, and involved approximately thir­teen thousand students.This study supported the findings ofothers that there was a marked geo­graphical variation in the prevalence ofskin-test sensitivity to histoplasmin andpulmonary calcification in the UnitedStates. The highest prevalence of histo­plasmin sensitivity and pulmonary cal­cification was shown to be restricted tostudents who lived in the Northeast andthe South Central States in contrast towide variation in rates for residents ofother states and most foreign countries.The association of histoplasmin sensitiv­ity and pulmonary calcifications wasfound to occur twice as frequently astuberculin sensitivity and pulmonarycalcification. As would be expected,there was an increase both in the tuber-MOI1CP innrnl�tinn fnr i�nlarinn of the furreu s culin and histoplasmin sensitivity ratesand of pulmonary calcification with in­crease in age.The prevalence of tuberculin sensi­tivity showed no particular regional dis­tribution except that the rates werehighest in those areas showing the high­est mortality rates to, tuberculosis.Among the foreign students the rates ofsensitivity were considerably higher(20.4 per cent) than the average for theUnited States.It was of special interest that theprevalence of histoplasmin sensitivityamong residents of eleven Latin-Ameri­can countries was highest (75 per cent)among those coming from Panama,where Darling in 1906 described the firstcase of histoplasmosis.SKIN -TEST SENSITIVITY IN ILLINOISThis study also revealed marked geo­graphic variation in the sensitivity tohistoplasmin rates within Illinois. In anattempt to determine ecologic factors ofimportance in the regionalization of his­toplasmosis, a more detailed "mapping"of the areas of high prevalence of histo­plasmin sensitivity in this state wasmade in 1949. Drs. Beadenkopf andGrayston and their associates, with theco-operation of Dr. Clifton Hall, chiefof the Tuberculosis Control Division ofthe State Health Department, skin­tested and examined X-rays of approxi­mately four thousand students attendingcertain colleges and high schoolsthroughout Illinois. Of this group, ap­proximately 80 per cent living in thesouthern half of the state showed histo­plasmin sensitivity, whereas only 13 percent of those from Cook County re­acted. As in the previous study, theprevalence of pulmonary calcificationparalleled generally the presence of his­toplasmin sensitivity. The tuberculinsensitivity rates were generally low,showed no geographic variation, and,furthermore, could not be correlatedwith pulmonary calcification. In fact, inseven of the eight regions of Illinoisthe prevalence of pulmonary calcifica­tion was equal to or greater than thatof tuberculin sensitivity.These studies showed clearly that inthe population living in the midwesternstates healed histoplasma fungus infec­tions rather than healed tuberculous le­sions are by far the greatest cause pfpulmonary calcification. Furthermore,the high prevalence of healed histoplas­ma pulmonary infections indicated thathistoplasmosis should be considered inthe differential diagnosis of both acuteMEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 3d chronic pulmonary infections withwithout pulmonary calcification.THE DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORYIn order to learn more about the epi­miological, clinical, and laboratory as­cts of clinical histoplasmosis, a diag­stic laboratory employing several pro­:lures was set up in 1949. Thisagram was begun under the directionDr. Grayston. When he left. for mili­:y training, Dr. Fausto Tanzi tooker for one year. For the last fourars the laboratory and clinical studiesve been the major research responsi­ity of Dr. John J. Procknow. Casesspected of having histoplasmosis werebjected to one or more of the follow­: procedures: (a) the skin test for.toplasmin sensitivity; (b) the com­nnent fixation test for specific anti­dy ; (c) culture and mouse inocula­.ns of sputum and other material for.lation of the fungus; and (d) micro­ipic examination of biopsy material.THE SKIN TESTHistoplasmin skin-test material is a.rile filtrate of a broth culture of H.bsulatum, It is applied, read in thene manner, and has the same signif­mce as the tuberculin test. Skin sensi­'ity to histoplasmin develops about� third or fourth week after onset ofhistoplasmin illness and persists formy years after recovery.THE COMPLEMENT FIXATION TESTDr. Grayston initially made a studythe complement fixation (C.F.) testd recommended the use of the whole­ast phase as antigen. His recommen­tions have been adopted by most of� laboratories interested in the diag- nosis of histoplasmosis. Since 1949 overthree thousand serum samples from in­dividuals living in Illinois and othermidwestern states and some from Mexi­co suspected of having histoplasmosishave been examined for C.F. antibodies.Since 1951 approximately 15 per centof serum samples tested have shown his­toplasma C.F. antibodies.Our experience with this test showsit to be a valuable diagnostic and prog­nostic procedure. During acute pulmo­nary infections due to the histoplasmafungus, C.F. antibodies appear duringthe third or fourth week of illness andpersist for varying lengths of timethereafter. The amount of antibody de­pends on the severity of illness and per­sistence of chronicity of infection. Inchronically active infection C.F. anti­bodies may persist in the blood in hightiter for many years. With complete re­covery C.F. antibody disappears fromthe blood,ISOLATION OF ORGANISMSA definitive diagnosis of histoplas­mosis can be made only by isolation ofthe fungus. This organism is not fastid­ious and will grow on a variety ofmedia. Histoplasma capsulatum growingon blood agar exhibits a variety of col­ony forms of waxy grayish-brown color.On corn-meal agar it grows in whitefluffy mycelial colonies. Mycelial colo­nies are essential for the identificationof the characteristic histoplasma spore.The white mouse is highly susceptibleto the histoplasma fungus and is usedin the isolation of this agent. Materialto be examined is injected intraperito­neally. After six weeks the mice arekilled, and cultures of their livers andspleens are made on the above media.A B C,) Highly magnified cerebriform colonies of H. capsula/um yeast phase .• ) Typical encapsulated yeast cells of H. capsula/um in saline suspension.:) Several splenic macrophages, engorged with encapsulated yeast cells, from an individ­'Who succumbed to generalized histoplasmosis. PROCK NOWBIOPSY AND POST MORTEM MATERIALMicroscopic examination of tissuespecimens has shown H, capsulatum tobe the unsuspected etiological agent ina variety of lesions. In tissues the histo­plasma organisms are intracellular andpresent a characteristic appearance.Special stains are required to show the"ghost remains" of dead yeast in case­ous nodules removed from the lungs.THE CLINICAL SPECTRUMAs a result of the application of oneor more of these diagnostic procedures,the fungus H. capsulatum. has beenshown to be the cause of a wide varietyof infections previously attributed toother causes.FATAL CASESSince our study began, three fatalcases of generalized histoplasmosis havebeen recognized before death. One wasa man aged sixty-five who was firstthought to have carcinoma of the lung.Another was a woman aged forty-eightwho had symptoms of Addison's disease.The third was a child aged nine whoseinitial diagnosis was leukemia.NON-FATAL SYMPTOMATICHISTOPLASMOSISA number of individuals with local­ized or disseminated pulmonary lesionssuggesting acute respiratory disease,psittacosis, virus pneumonia, Hodgkin'sdisease, sarcoidosis, primary or second­ary carcinoma, or tuberculosis have4 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINbeen shown to have histoplasmosis. Ul­cerative and granulomatous lesions ofthe skin, the buccal cavity (includingthe lips, cheeks, tongue, and pharynx),and the rectum have been shown hereand in other laboratories to be due tothe fungus H. capsulatum,Since 1950 nineteen cases of chroni­cally active pulmonary histoplasmosishave been recognized through the co­operative efforts of Drs. David F. Loe­wen, of Decatur, Illinois, and W. J.Bryan, of Rockford, Illinois. Lesions ofsuch cases show cavitation and cannotbe distinguished by X-ray from tuber­culosis. Consequently, these individualsare found in tuberculosis sanatoria. Suchchronic cases represent a public healthproblem, as there is no effective specifictherapy for histoplasmosis.NON-FATAL ASYMPTOMATICHISTOPLASMOSISThe largest number of patients haveshown positive skin tests with or with­out pulmonary calcification. A sizablenumber have non-calcified solitary ormultiple "coin" lung lesions associatedwith positive histoplasmin skin testsand negative C.F. tests. Many havebeen referred to the surgical service ofDr. William Adams, as carcinoma wasconsidered in the differential diagnosis.Of the solitary granulomatous lesionsremoved, the great majority have beenshown by Dr. Eleanor Humphreys to bedue to H. capsulatum , as can be demon­strated in the caseous material by thespecial Gridley stain. A few individualswithout pulmonary involvement haveshown positive skin tests and low-titerC.F. antibodies, indicative of an activebut probably subsiding histoplasma in­fection.EPIDEMIC OUTBREAKTwo epidemic outbreaks of pulmo­nary histoplasmosis investigated haveyielded valuable information concerningthe epidemiological, clinical, and labora­tory aspects of this disease.The first one occurred in October,1950, and involved six individuals of afarm family living in northern Indiana.The father had a severe prolonged exten­sive pulmonary infection, during whichthe fungus was isolated from the sputumand bone marrow. Two sons had acuteextensive but less severe pulmonary in­fections. The daughters and oldest sonhad lesser pulmonary involvement andno symptoms. All initially had positiveC.F. and histoplasmin skin tests. Withrecovery the C.F. test became negative PROCK NOW, GRA YSTON, and LOOSLI study epidemiological mapafter ten months, but during the last sixyears the skin test has continued to bepositive. The extensively disseminatedinfiltrates in the lungs of the father andhis two sons have undergone healing byfibrosis and calcification. The hilar infil­trates in one daughter healed by resolu­tion whereas the lung infiltrates of theother daughter and oldest son haveshown essentially no change.The source of H. capsulatum wasfound to be in material in an unused silowhich was cleaned by the father and histwo sons approximately three weeks be­fore onset of their illnesses. The histo­plasma pulmonary infections in this fam­ily were the first recorded cases in whichthe fungus was readily found in theimmediate environment.The second epidemic outbreak of pul­monary histoplasmosis concerned sixadult individuals living in Mount Mor­ris, Illinois, and occurred in October,1953. The symptoms were those of anacute febrile illness and included chills,fever, malaise, headache, anorexia, fatiga­bility, and cough which lasted for fourto six weeks. X-ray of the lungs showeddiffuse, small, non-calcified infiltrateswhich were first thought to be tubercu­lous. Recovery without specific therapysuggested possibly a fungus disease. Skintests with histoplasmin applied late inthe illness were strongly positive, andthe C.F. tests for specific serum anti­bodies to the histoplasmin fungus alsowere positive. With recovery these indi­viduals have all remained well. The C.F. tests have become negative, but the skintest continues to be positive.An epidemiological investigation todetermine the source of the fungus inthe environment was made by Dr.Procknow. The common outside expo­sure of the six individuals was to chick­en compost and garden soil. Samples ofgarden soil and compost material yieldeda heavy growth of histoplasma organ­isms. Actually the material was so heav­ily contaminated that histoplasma sporescould be seen on direct examination ofthe supernate of the soil suspension.INFECTIONS AMONG LABORATORYPERSONNELDuring the course of our studies tenindividuals have developed acute pulmo­nary histoplasma infections while work­ing with spore cultures of the fungus.Four were sufficiently ill to be hospital­ized. All ten are now clinically well.These experiences emphasize the hazardof working in a routine bacteriologicallaboratory with this organism.HISTOPLASMOSIS­AN AIR-BORNE DISEASEHow man acquires a histoplasma in­fection is not clearly understood. Unliketuberculosis, there is no evidence thatthe disease is infectious-that it spreadsfrom person to person and from animalsto man. The available experimental andepidemiological evidence supports theview that pulmonary histoplasmosis isan air-borne disease. The isolation of H.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 5ipsulatum. from the silo and garden)il in the two described epidemics.rongly suggests that the individuals:quired their infections as a result ofie inhalation of infectious dust. Theboratory infections were also in allrobability acquired as a result of theihalation of spores dispersed in the airuring the handling of mycelial cultures.he inhalation of histoplasma spores,rowing saprophytically in the environ­lent and dispersed as air-borne or dust­arne organisms, is the only plausible[planation for the high prevalence ofinically apparent and inapparent in­.ctions leading to skin-test sensitivitynong the population living in the mid­estern part of the United States.EXPERIMENTAL INFECTIONSCertain problems in connection withlost infections can be more readily ex- plored by animal experimentation. Thishas been the case with histoplasmosis.Drs. Procknow and Malcolm Page forthe last four years have studied the ex­perimental disease in mice, rabbits, anddogs. The mouse has been employed inthe study of the early pathogenesis andpathology of pulmonary infections. Rab­bits have been used to determine theduration of and specificity of C.F. anti­bodies following infection with the his­toplasma fungus. More recently a long­term study has been started, using thedog as the experimental animal. The dogis susceptible to this fungus, for manycase reports of naturally occurring histo­plasma infections in this animal havebeen published.Dr. Procknow has designed a closedapparatus for infecting dogs via the re­spiratory system with air-borne his to- plasma spores without contamination ofthe laboratory and risk to the personnel.The experimental disease in the dog re­sembles that seen in man. The dogs de­velop fever and malaise, etc., X-rays ofthe chest show pulmonary infiltrates,skin-test sensitivity to histoplasmin de­velops, and C.F. antibodies to the histo­plasma fungus appear in the blood. Theexperimental disease in this animal ishighly suitable for study of the immuno­logical and pathological aspects of histo­plasmosis and for the evaluation ofchemotherapeutic agents for treatmentof the disease.The studies briefly reviewed here havecontributed significantly in the last tenyears to our understanding of the natureof the disease called histoplasmosis,once considered unique and rarely en­countered, now known to be mimickingand ubiquitous.a) Mycelial growth of H. capsula/timb) Characteristic tuberculate chlamydospores on short stalks attached to branching myceliac) Single enlarged chlamydospore with typical tubercles about circumference6 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINGRADUATE NEWS'33. Irene M. Josselyn spoke to the High­land Park Woman's Club junior auxiliary onJanuary 15 on "Emotional Development ofChildren under Ten Years of Age." She isassociated with the Highland Park Hospitaland the Chicago Institute for Psychoanaly­sis as well as the University of Illinois Col­lege of Medicine.'34. Molly Radford Martin's book, BillMartin, A merican, about the life of her latehusband, will soon be published by the Cax­ton Printers, Ltd., Caldwell, Idaho.Winston H. Tucker was elected presi­dent of the American Association of PublicHealth Physicians at their annual meetinglast November.'38. Clinton L. Compere is president ofthe Chicago Orthopaedic Society and secre­tary of the American Academy of Ortho­paedic Surgeons.Robert L. Schmitz is vice-president ofthe Metropolitan Chicago chapter of theAmerican College of Surgeons.'39. Lauren M. Neher has a general prac­tice with a fair amount of general surgeryin Jerome, Idaho. He reports that he stillhas the same wife and that his three chil­dren are now: Michael, sixteen; Galen, four­teen; and Norma, ten.'40. James D. Majarakis, assistant pro­fessor of surgery at the University of Illi­nois, spoke on "Surgical Aspects of Diseasesof the Bowel" on November 8 in Pittsfield,Illinois, at a postgraduate conference pre­sented under the auspices of the IllinoisState Medical Society.Roger S. Morris, Jr., has opened an officein Barrington, Illinois, for the practice ofinternal medicine.'42. Hampton H. Trayner, city healthofficer of Spokane, Washington, has justbeen appointed school physician for SchoolDistrict No. 81, involving thirty thousandchildren. He loves it I'43. Michael Bonfiglio, of Iowa City, andPaul E. McMaster (Rush, '29), BeverlyHills, California, gave addresses at the an­nual meeting of the American Academy ofOrthopedic Surgeons in Chicago, January26-30.Joshua H. Carey is working part timewith Robert Warner, '39, at the Children'sHospital in Buffalo, New York.Charles R. Mowery, Jr., has completedthree and a half years' training in plastic andreconstructive surgery with T. G. Blockerin Galveston and has opened an office inthat specialty in Seattle. Before his Texasexperience, Mowery practiced general sur­gery in Yakima for two years.Kenath H. Sponsel, assistant professorof orthopedic surgery at the University ofMinnesota, has recently become a memberof the American College of Surgeons.Roy F. Stanton, Jr., is in general prac­tice in Mountain Brook, Alabama. His threechildren are Roy III, twelve; Betty Jean,eight; and Patricia Ann, five.'45. Harry W. Fischer became assistantprofessor of radiology at State Universityof Iowa last July. In December he hadan exhibition on "Stannic Oxide: A NewHepatolienographic Agent" at the Chicagomeeting of the Radiological Society of NorthAmerica. '47. C. Herbert Fredell is engaged in pri­vate practice of general surgery in Flagstaff,Arizona, a community of twenty thousandpeople in the midst of pines and mountains.John Grayhack, assistant professor ofurology at Northwestern, has been appoint­ed director of a new research laboratory es­tablished by the Lucy and Edwin Kretsch­mer Fund. After graduation, Dr. Grayhackwas a fellow of the American Cancer Societyand the Damon Runyon Fund and a mem­ber of the teaching staff of the Johns Hop­kins University. He has just completed twoyears as captain with the Air Force in SanAntonio.CORRECTIONThe death of Robert B. Sweet,'41, reported in the last issue of theBulletin was in error.Robert Benjamin Sweet, '41, is as­sociate professor and chairman of theDepartment of Anesthesiology at theUniversity of Michigan in Ann Arbor.The deceased is Robert BallantineSweet, '02 (Rush), of Fullerton, Cal­ifornia. He died July 10, 1956, at theage of eighty.Gerald Hill left the Army last Septem­ber and is now in full-time practice of psy­chiatry and is an advanced candidate in theSan Francisco Psychiatric Institute.William L. Lorton completed a fellow­ship in psychiatry at the Mayo Clinic lastJuly and is now on the staff of the Mil­waukee Sanitarium in Wauwatosa, Wiscon­sin.Robert H. Moe left the Department ofSurgery last fall to enter group practice inFall River, Massachusetts.Thomas Tourlentes married Mona BelleLand last September. He is assistant su­perintendent and clinical director of theGalesburg (Illinois) State Research Hospital.'48. Nicholas J. Galluzzi is chief of themedical service of the USPHS Hospital inDetroit. He has two daughters, ages th cand a half and two and a half.The Ernst jaffes have two children­Stephanie Anne, born April 9, 19.55, andRichard Sheridan, born August 11, 1956.Ernst is a research fellow at Albert EinsteinCollege.Curtis A. Smith has opened an office forthe practice of general and thoracic surgeryin Mobile, Alabama.'49. John E. Gill is the ophthalmologistat the Naval Hospital in Charleston, SouthCarolina. He has completed three years' resi­dency at the U.S. Naval Hospital in Phila­delohia.Clyde G. Miller is in private practice ofpsychiatry in Los Angeles. The Millers arebuying a house now that they have stoppedfeeling like immigrants from Chicago. Theyhave two children-five and three.'50. Henry M. Gelfand is permanentlysettled at Tulane University, where he isassistant professor of epidemiology-abouthalf-teaching and half-research. He is work­ing with enteric viruses, rabies, and typhus, This spring he will go to Peru and Colombion collaborative projects.Theodore Johnston became a diplomatof the American Board of Ophthalmologlast June. He will be discharged from thAir Force in July and plans to practice iJCheyenne, Wyoming.The Jack B. McClures' first child, a sonDouglas Bruce, was born October 21, -1956After surgical internship and residency aMassachusetts General and one year on thlfaculty at New York University at Syra.cuse, Eji Suyama has left academic medicimto open a rural medical center at EllsworthMaine.'52. Howard Corbus is now research as·sociate in hematology, radioisotopes, amcancer chemotherapy at Boston VA Hospital. His family now includes four daugh­ters and a son.Hal Lischner has returned from Koreaand hopes to start a residency in pediatric;in California.Joseph H. Skom will leave The ClinicJin July to accept a half-time appoint­ment on the Northwestern faculty anda staff position at Passa vant Hospital.'53. James I. Gabby will take a fourth­year residency in child psychiatry at MountZion Psychiatric Clinic in San Francisco nextyear. Twin daughters were born to theGabbys in December, making a total of threechildren.Eric Sharton is completing his residencyin internal medicine at the VA Hospitalin Boston. A son was born December 22,1956, to the Shartons, their first child.Conrad Thurstone returned in Januaryas resident in surgery after two years withthe Air Force in Alaska.'54. Peter G. Gaal starts residency train­ing in surgery at UCLA Medical Center inJuly (if he can get out of the Navy in time).The Gaals' second child, Linda Jean, wasborn November 5.Peter D. King is in his second year ofpsychiatric residency at Warren State Hos­pital, Pennsylvania. His primary interestcontinues to be research. The Kings nowhave three children.Nelson A. Moffat is in the Army, sta­tioned at Fort Lewis, Washington, for thenext year and a half.Edward Stickney, in general practicein Broadus, Montana, reports that an $80,-000 bond issue to build a new clinic hasfailed, but he plans to stay on to try to getsome facilities for the town of eight hun­dred-eighty miles from the nearest hospital.Captain Richard Thompson and hisfamily are stationed in Okinawa. The thirdmember of the family is Deborah Ann, bornJanuary 15.'55. William P. Cohen married DianaKugler last July in San Francisco. Bill is inpsychiatry at Michael Reese.Thomas D. Revnolds is in residency inpsychiatrv at St. Elizabeth's Hospital, Wash­ington, D.C., but will enter the Army inMay.Arthur K. Shapiro has a psychiatric resi­dency at Boston Psychopathic Hospital. Hiswife, Elaine, is working on her thesis for thePh.D. in psychology at the University ofChicago.Elliot D. Weitzman is a resident in neu-MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINA LOOK BACK 7The Class of 1946 gave itself a tenth.niversary present last year.Under the prodding of Dan Enersonld with a willing assist from the Med­ii Alumni Office, letters from each ofe fifty-five living members of the classere collected, and copies of all lettersere sent to the members. The storyat emerges from the individual chron­les of that decade is of interest to us all.This was the first postwar class, andost of them graduated with militaryrvice ahead.Of the fifty-five, twenty-four haveaching positions in universities:are working full-time in academic medi­cine (1 associate professor, 5 assistant pro­fessors, and 1 instructor) ;have part-time appointments (4 assistantprofessors, 10 instructors, 2 assistants, and1 lecturer).Forty-seven of the fifty-five special­!, two are in residency, and six areneral practitioners. Of the specialists,ere are:in Medicine (6 Board certified)in Surgery (6 Board certified)in Pediatrics (6 Board certified)each in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pa­thology, and Preventive Medicine (with2, 1, and 1 Board certified)each in Psychiatry and Radiology (1 radi­ologist certified)each in Anatomy, EENT, Neurology,Ophthalmology (certified), and Urology.Fifty-four are married and have pro­ced a total of 166 children.Tragically, Charles McCroskey ofs class died in 1955 of subacute bac­ial endocarditis. He had completed, military service and a long period of.ining at the University of Kansasedical Center. He had established hisme in Prairie Village, Kansas, and hadit begun the practice of surgery. He is:vived by his wife and five young chil­m,ogy at the Neurological Institute of Pres­.erian Hospital in New York. He wasrried last June to Muriel Baron, who re­ved her A.B. from the University of Chi­:0 in 1954.rom Wilson is serving his two years inArmy as preventive medicine officer atrt Carson, Colorado. Bud Schroeder is,) there in pediatrics.56. Eugene G. Anderson will be takingrst-year residency in medicine at Charityspital, New Orleans, next year.\dam C. Stevens has accepted a resi­ICY in radiology in Brunswick, Northkota, for next year. RESIDENT NEWSCharles L. Branch, '53-'54, is in his thirdyear of neurosurgical residency at MontrealNeurological Institute. The Branches havetwo sons born since they left Chicago­Charles L., Jr., and Warren B.Harold M. Braswell, '55-'56, is practic­ing in Owen, Wisconsin, in a new eleven­room modern clinic building built by thepeople of that town.Natalia Tanner Cain, '46-'47, gave birthto her second daughter, Anita Leslie, theday after Christmas. Dr. Cain practices pedi­atrics in Detroit.Angelo P. Creticos, '46-'47, '49-'50 ispracticing endocrinology and internal medi­cine with Dr. James H. Hutton in Chicago.On December 5 he addressed the Chicagochapter of Medical Social Workers on "Tran­quilizing Drugs," and on November 29 hespoke on "Rehabilitating the Cardiac" be­fore the Harvey (Ill.) Chamber of Com­merce.Nathan B. Friedman, '38-'39 has beendirector of laboratories at Cedars �f LebanonHospital in Los Angeles since 1948. He wasrecently promoted to clinical professor ofpathology at the University of SouthernCalifornia.Russell .Hart Kesselman, '49-'50, wasrecently appointed medical supervisor incharge of cardiology of the school districtof Philadelphia.H. Relton McCarroll, '33-'34, St. Louis,is president-elect of the American Academyof Orthopaedic Surgeons.H. L. Newbold, '46, has just had his sixthnovel published under the name of HenryNewis Nixon.John Newland, '44-'45, is a specialist inallergy in Santa Ana, California. His wife,Amet, an M.D. from Iraq, and he have twosons. They are just back from five monthsin Europe at medical meetings.Hugh E. Stephenson, Jr., '45-'46, chair­man of the Department of Surgery at theUniversity of Missouri, has been named oneof the ten outstanding young men of Amer­ica for 1956 by the United States JuniorChamber of Commerce.Alfonso Topete, '46-'48, has been electedsecretary of the National Association of Car­diovascular Surgery in Mexico.. Beatrice E. Tucker, '32, associate attend­ing obstetrician at Chicago Lying-in Hos­pital, was chosen by the Women's Adver­tising Club of Chicago as one of the city'sthree most outstanding women for 1955-56.She has been medical director of the Chi­cago Maternity Center since 1932 and issenior obstetrician and gynecologist at Chi­cago Wesley Memorial Hospital.Earle Frederick Wheebck, '55-'56 istaking an assistant residency at Strong Me­morial Hospital in Rochester. For the nextthree :\:ears he has a fellowship at the Rocke­feller Institute in New York.Charles D. Williams, Jr., left the USAFin February and plans to enter private prac­tice of internal medicine in western NorthCarolina.Thomas Harris Williams, Jr., was mar­ried to Julie Paul in 1949. They have threechildren-Amy, six; Timmy, five; and Julie,two. A NINE-MONTHWANDERjAHRPaul E. Steiner, Professor of Pathol­ogy, is going to Africa to study cirrhosisand liver cancer in the laboratories andmedical colleges south of the Sahara.He will make a short visit to the head­quarters of WHO in Geneva and thenfor the next nine months will work insix different South African countries.This is Dr. Steiner's second trip toAfrica within a year. Last fall he par­ticipated in a series of conferences underthe auspices of the International Unionagainst Cancer. They found that certaintypes of cancer, particularly carcinomaof the liver, were virtually epidemic insome parts of Africa.Dr. Steiner, I presume!His present trip is to study the epi­demiology and pathology of liver can­cer and cirrhosis in Kampala, Uganda;Johannesburg, Mariasburg, and CapeTown in the Union of South Africa'Lourenco Marques in Portuguese Eas�Africa; Stanleyville, Leopoldville, andBukavu in the Belgian Congo; Lagosand Ibadan in Nigeria; and Dakar (ThePasteur Institute) in French West Af­rica.8 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN. <!3rorgr <!3omori1901-57George Gomori died at his home inPalo Alto, California, on February 28of coronary occlusion.Before hearing of his death, weplanned to publish in the Bulletin anappreciation of George Gomori, recentlyreceived from George H. Finlay, Headof the Section of Dermatology, Depart­ment of Medicine, University of Preto­ria, South Africa.N ow we feel even more that we mustshare this serious appreciation by a ma­ture and perceptive student. In this shortbut warm tribute, George Finlay hassomehow succeeded in bringing togetherthe feelings that George Gomori inspiredin his many students, colleagues, andfriends, and, as a result, each of us cansee him more fully in this larger dimen­sion of insight and feeling.Dr. Earl P. Benditt has written a fineappreciation in the Bulletin on GeorgeGomori, who has moved from the Uni­versity to Palo Alto. "His students havecome from many lands," says Dr. Ben­ditt, and, as one of those students, mayI add some personal impressions to his?Through the hospitality of the Uni­versity of Chicago, I spent a year as aguest in his laboratory on the sixth floorat Billings. It was an experience to becherished for a lifetime. George Gomoricould teach anyone histochemistry, butit was as a man that he made his deep­est impression. He seemed to haveeverything in focus and saw people andtheir ways in perspective. He knew justhow to compromise with nature and howto be happy with the gains.He also knew the art of effortlessdiscipline. Struggles, sighs, or shoutswere regarded as superfluous, if not ac­tually troublesome. Any fervid antici­pation of great discoveries may be morefrustrating than helpful, and he knewhow to keep this gently in control.He showed an astonishing breadth ofgeneral knowledge and a wide sympathythat comes from a sensitive appreciationof many things. He could not be be­guiled by anything lavish or spectacular,because everything would first have tobe tested by his highly evolved yetelastic sense of values.He taught laboratory technique like acreative artist, taught living by example,and taught facts by making you want toknow them. FACULTY NEWSWilliam E. Adams has been elected presi­dent of the Jackson Park Branch of the Chi­cago Medical Society.Wright Adams has been named chairmanof a Chicago Heart Association committeeto plan an international cardiology symposi­um to be held in the spring of 1958. Thesubject of the symposium is "PulmonaryHypertension."John Arnold, '46, spoke on "Steroids inthe Treatment of Non-suppurative Nephrop­athies," and David W. Talmage discussed"The Natural Selection Theory of AntibodyFormation and Its Implication in Allergy,"at the February 18 meeting of the ChicagoSociety of Allergy.Percival Bailey, director of the State Psy­chopathic Institute, gave an address on "TheSeat of the Soul" before the Society of Med­ical History of Chicago, January 16.William R. Barclay participated in aclinical pathological conference at the J anu­ary 15 meeting of the Illinois chapter of theAmerican College of Chest Physicians. At thesame meeting S. A. Mackler, '37, assistantprofessor of thoracic surgery at ChicagoMedical School, spoke on "EndobronchialInvolvement in Systemic Sarcoidosis."Douglas Buchanan received an honorarydegree from the University of San Carlos,Guatemala, in December.Paul Cannon, Rush '26, was moderator ofa clinicopathologic conference on March 5 atthe annual Clinical Conference of the Chi­cago Medical Society.Hugh T. Carmichael is president of theIllinois Psychiatric Society.Robert E. Carter, instructor in pediatrics,has been named a Markle Scholar for thefive years beginning July 1. Dr. Carter'swork is chiefly with transmissible leukemiain mice and a study of the effect of viral in­fections on the natural course of the illness.He is also investigating the resistance ofchildren with leukemia to infection and theirability to produce antibodies.Dr. Carter has been resident and instruc­tor at the University of Chicago and atLa Rabida Sanitarium since 1953. He is agraduate of the University of MinnesotaSchool of Medicine.James Clarke is chief of surgery at Wads­worth Veterans Administration Hospital inLos Angeles and on the clinical staff of theUniversity of California at Los Angeles.Lowell T. Coggeshall is president-electof both the American Cancer Society andthe Association of American Medical Col­leges.On November 15 William J. Dieckmannparticipated in a session of the Illinois Acad­emy of General Practice. His subject was"Toxemias of Pregnancy." At the December21 meeting of the Chicago GynecologicalSociety he presented a paper on "The Treat­ment of Pre-eclamptic Edema with Aceto­zoleamide (Diamox)."Lester R. Dragsredr, Rush '21, was visit­ing professor of surgery at the University ofRochester, January 21-26, and on February15 he gave the "Barney Brooks MemorialLecture" at Vanderbilt University.William F. Enneking left The Clinics in September to become associate professor 01orthopedics at the University of Mississippi.J. Thomas Grayston, '48, discussed "Ad·enovirus" at the December 18 joint meetingof the Chicago Pediatric Society and the II·linois chapter of the American College 01Chest Physicians.C. Howard Hatcher on January 4 spokeon "Surgical Treatment of Tumors about thePelvis" before the Chicago Surgical Society.Eleanor Humphreys, Rush '29, talked on"Factors Involved in Evaluation of the Co­Ion Polyp," and Earl Benditt on "S-Hy­droxytryptamine (Serotonin) in MammalianEnterochromaffin Cells and Its Release byReserpine," at the January 14 meeting ofthe Chicago Pathological Society.Charles B. Huggins has been made anhonorary member of the Royal Society ofMedicine of London.W. F. Ironside discussed "Indications forSurgery in Malignancies of the Nose andNasal Accessory Sinuses" at a joint meetingof the Chicago Laryngological and Otologi­cal Society and the Chicago Roentgen Soci­ety on November 8.Jay Jacoby, '46--47, director of anesthesi­ology at Ohio State University, has beenelected president of the medical section ofthe Ohio Academy of Science.Hilger Perry Jenkins, Rush '27, waschairman of the motion-picture section ofthe American College of Surgeons meetingin San Francisco last autumn.Louis N. Katz, professorial lecturer inphysiology, received the 1956 Lasker Awardof the American Heart Association for dis­tinguished achievement in the field of cardin­vascular research.Joseph B. Kirsner is president of theChicago Society of Internal Medicine.Dieter Koch-Weser left The Clinics onJanuary 1 to become associate professor andhead of the chest service at Western ReserveUniversity.John R. Lindsay is president of the Amer­ican Otological Society and vice-president ofthe Sixth International Congress of Otolar­yngology and Bronchoesophagology to beheld in Washington, D.C., in May.Allan L. Lorincz, '47, gave the "SigmundPollitzer Lecture" at the New York Univer­sity Postgraduate Medical School on Febru­ary 18. His subject was "A Dermatologist'sRemarks on Recent Developments in theProblems of Tissue Transplantation."Gordon H. Scott, '29-40, assistant profes­sor of otolaryngology at the University ofIllinois, on January 18 talked on "Manage­ment of Meniere's Disease" before the StockYards Branch of the Chicago Medical So­ciety.Lester Skaggs ischairman of a subcom­mittee of the National Committee on Radia­tion Protection.Nandor Szenr-Gyorgi's recent paper on"Blood-Pressure Studies among Americanand Foreign-born Students" has been select­ed for a tape-recorded review in Audio Di­gest (supported by the Audio Digest Foun­dation, a non-profit subsidiary of the Cal­ifornia Medical Association).MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 9�EW CHAIRMAN INPHARMACOLOGYLloyd J. Roth, '52, was named chair­n of the Department of Pharrnacol-1 to succeed E. M. K. Geiling, whoired on December 31, 1956.Jr. Roth graduated at the state uni­'sity of his native state, Iowa, and.sued his graduate studies at Colum-University (M.S., 1940; Ph.D. inROTH.mistry, 1942). Four days after re­ving his Ph.D. he was ordered toive duty as a second lieutenant inArmy. The years 1942-44 were'nt in Columbia University's Chern­I Warfare Service Laboratories. Re­igned in 1944 to Los Alamos, heved for two years as corps engineerearch officer in the Manhattan Dis­:t Engineering Project. Dischargeda major in 1946, he taught pharma­itical chemistry at the State Univer-1 of Iowa, where he was assistant,fessor..Ie returned to New Mexico ninenths later as a staff member andmic-energy consultant engaged incer studies with carbon 14 in the Bi­gy Division of the Los Alamos Sci­.e Laboratories (University of Cali­nia).l'he year 1948 was a time of decisionLloyd Roth, age thirty-six, and forwife. In the fall they and theiree children arrived in Chicago, and.yd became a freshman medical stu­It at the University of Chicago. The:ouragement of colleagues such as Dr.M. K. Geiling of the Department ofarmacology and Dr. William BloomAnatomy was crucial in this decision,ich meant four years of medical001 and an internship spread over �(nr� Rest 1lira�bill1891-1956Henry R. Kraybill, Professorial Lec­turer in Biochemistry and Vice-Presi­dent and Director of Research andEducation of the American Meat Insti­tute Foundation, died on September 30at the age of sixty-five.From the time Professor Kraybilltook his Ph.D. degree at The Universityof Chicago in 1917 until his death, hecontributed significantly to various sci­entific fields, both plant and animal. Hewas probably the first to demonstrate thepathological consequences of tryptophandeciency in the white rat. He performednotable biochemical experiments withE. ]. Kraus on the metabolism of plantsand, in his later years, contributed par­ticularly to the problems concerned withthe use of antioxidants in foods.He was professor of chemistry atPurdue from 1926 to 1941 and lastspring he was awarded an honoraryD.Sc. degree from that university.Professor Kraybill's fine organizationof competent workers in the AmericanMeat Institute will continue to demon­strate the soundness of his planning.Surviving him are his wife, Ruth, andthree sons, Henry L., in the Departmentof Physics at Yale University; RichardR., in chemical engineering at the Uni­versity of Rochester; and Donald P.,now in the University of Illinois.two years. Naturally, Lloyd Roth's re­search electives were in the Departmentof Pharmacology, and in 1952, shortlybefore his graduation, he was appointedAssistant Professor in the Department.Lloyd Roth, Ph.D., had a broad ex­perience in organic synthesis, in high­vacuum techniques, in radiochemistry,and in the use of radioactive tracers.His major work at the University hasbeen in the application of radioactivetracers in biology and medicine.We hope soon to have his own reportto publish in our series of special re­search projects. john mann lB (al1888-1957John Mann Beal, Professor Emeri­tus of Botany, died in Billings Hospitalon January 16 at the age of sixty-eight.John Beal's graduate studies took himfrom his native North Carolina to Mis­sissippi State College (M.Sc., 1913)and to the University of Wisconsin(Ph.D., 1927). From 1911 to 1929 heserved on the faculty of MississippiState College, from 1915 as professorand head of the department in the Agri­cultural Experiment Station. Coming tothe University in 1929, he taught andpursued his studies in cytology, ongrowth-regulating substances, and, morerecently, on the influence of carbon 14on morphology and on cytogenesis.From 1949 until his retirement in 1953he was chairman of the Department ofBotany. Since 1953 he has been consult­ant to the United States Department ofAgriculture and botanical editor of theEncyclopaedia Britannica.Professor Beal is survived by his wife,Anna, and his son, John Mann, Jr., '41,who is associate professor of clinicalsurgery at Cornell.1957REUNIONThe Class of 1957 will graduateon June 7-the Reunion Banquetin their honor will be held on theevening of June 6, Thursday, atThe Shoreland.Paul C. Hodges, Chairman ofthe Department of Radiology,will be our speaker, and we alllook forward to a fine reunion.Make a note of that date, June6, now. Notices will reach you bymail early in May.We have invited the Class of1907 to join us in celebration oftheir fiftieth anniversary and havealready received several accept­ances. We had hoped to haveEvarts Graham with us and werevery saddened by the recent newsof his death.10 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINTHE MEDICAL ALUMNILOAN FUNDThe Medical Alumni Loan Fund, es­tablished in January, 1954, is now threeyears old. A year ago we reported thatin two years it had grown from theoriginal grant of $2,860 to $8,040. Inthe last twelve months, through the gen­erosity of our medical alumni, thisgrowth has continued, and the fund nowcontains $11 ,065.The first loan was made from thisfund in March, 1954, and since thenforty more, totaling $13,000, have beenvmade. Seven loans have already beenrepaid, and at the time of writing allfunds are in use. When one realizes thatin all loan funds combined there is only$2,000 available, it is evident how im­portant the Medical Alumni Loan Fundis in helping students to finance theirmedical education.The need for funds for medical stu­dent loans is still great, especially as thecost of living continues to rise. But it is .gratifying to report that in the pastseveral years many promising studentshave been encouraged to enter ourSchool of Medicine because of the assur­ance of loan support.JOSEPH J. CEITHAMLDean oj StudentsRUSH ALUMNI NEWS'95. A. L. Berkley practiced in Rensse­laer, Indiana, for ten years after his gradu­ation and then moved to Portland, Oregon.For thirty-two years he was divisional sur­geon for the Southern Pacific Railroad andsurgeon for the Northern Pacific Terminal.He is now retired, aged eigh ty -seven years.'98. Victor F. Marshall was honored lastDecember by St. Elizabeth Hospital, Apple­ton, Wisconsin. A Certificate of Merit waspresented to him which read:"In grateful recognition for the manyyears of untiring, faithful and competentservices rendered by him as a surgeon andadvisor, and as secretary of the ExecutiveCommittee of the hospital for a period ofthirty-three years."'03. Sara Janson, Chicago, keeps busy andvery happy with her practice, public lec­tures, and a good deal of travel.The December 14 program of the ChicagoOrthopaedic Society was in honor of thememory of Kellogg Speed, '04, honorarymember of the Society and founding mem­ber of the American Board of OrthopedicSurgery, who died July 2, 1955.'07. Harry Jackson is still in practice inChicago and is looking forward to the Fif­tieth Alumni Reunion of his class next June., 11. Curtis E. Mason is still engaged inactive practice in Beaverton, Oregon. Histwo sons, both graduates of the Universityof Oregon, are associated with him.Arthur R. Merz wrote to us aboutthe Forty-fifth Anniversary meeting of hisclass at the University Club last June. "Theroll-call shows there were ninety-four mem­bers in the class-of which fifty are stillliving. Only nine were present at the meet­ing, but we had a very happy evening remi­niscing of by-gone years and talking aboutthe absentees." Those present were:Franklin R. Huckin is in general practicein Irving Park, Chicago.Arthur R. Metz practices general surgeryin Chicago.Samuel T. Morwitz, of Chicago, special­izes in ENT.Harley D. Newby practices ENT inRapid City, South Dakota.Robert 1. Reynolds does general prac­tice in Franklin Park, Illinois.John J. Sprafka is in general surgery,Chicago.Philip E. Stangl, St. Cloud, Minnesota,limits his practice to pathology.Walter H. Theobald is in active ENTpractice in Chicago. Dr. Theobald is chairman and Dr. Metz,secretary, for their proposed Fiftieth Anni­versary in 1961.'13. Ralph Kuhns attended the NewYork meetings in January of the AmericanAssociation for the Advancement of Science.Gerald P. Lawrence retired in April,1956, and after spending this winter at PalmSprings, California, will visit national parks,Tucson, Phoenix, Death Valley, etc., at aleisurely pace. Next fall he may go toMexico.'18. Harry Huber spent an exciting monthlast summer in Russia. He interviewed manyRussians and came home with some beauti­ful Kodachrome pictures.'19. Joseph L. Benton has been in gen­eral practice in Appleton, Wisconsin, since1921. Last spring he and Mrs. Bentontraveled in Europe for two months.'21. Roy R. Grinker is president of theIllinois Psychiatric Society.'22. Marjorie M. Heitman's son, Rich­ard, is an intern at Denver General Hospital.'23. Esther S. Nelson and her husband,Dr. Ward C. Alden, of Pasadena, took atrip around the world last year. She says,"We learned firsthand that every countrywe visited had many wonderful people."'27. Alexander Brunschwig returned re­cently from a two-week tour in Russiawhere he visited cancer institutes, researchcenters, surgical clinics, and medical schoolsin Moscow and Leningrad.Edward L. Compere is president-elect ofthe American section of the InternationalCollege of Surgeons.'28. John A. Larson has been made thesuperintendent of the Central State Hospitalof Nashville, Tennessee, the state's maximumsecurity mental hospital.'29. Carl A. Johnson, Chicago, remindsus that he was the first student clerk inmedicine at The Clinics when he was a stu­dent at Rush.'31. Jack P. Cowen, Chicago ophthal­mologist, had a one-man show of his paint­ings and sketches at the George F. HardingMuseum in February. This exhibit is of pic­tures made in a voyage through the AegeanIslands, retracing the wanderings of Ulysses.Ingvald John Haugen is in private prac­tice in Ada, Oklahoma, and on the visit­ing surgical staff of Valley View Hospital.He is married and has two children: SarahIsabel, age seventeen, a senior in high school,and John Robert, age fifteen, a sophomore.The Haugens are happy and in good health.'32. Arvid T. Johnson is an internist inRockford, Illinois. His eldest son, David, re­ceives his M.D. from Northwestern in June;Donald is completing his third year in chem­ical engineering at Purdue; and the thirdson, Tom, aged fourteen and weighing 167pounds, expects to be good football ma­terial at Lincoln Junior High.'35. Harold J. Brumm is practicing in­ternal medicine in Menlo Park, California,and is on the active medical staff at PaloAlto and Sequoia hospitals.'39. Jack C. Dysart has been in grouppractice in Sterling, Kansas, for fifteen years.He became a qualified Fellow of the Inter­national College of Surgeons in 1955. Hehas two children-the older one a collegefreshman. BULLETINof the Alumni AssociationThe University of ChicagoSCHOOL OF MEDICINE950 East Fifty·ninth Street, Chicago 37, IllinoisVOL. 13 WINTER 1957 No.2EDITORIAL BOARDELEANOR M. HUMPHREYS, ChairmanWRIGHT ADAMS ROBERT ]. HASTERLIKHUBERTA LIVINGSTONE CLAYTON LOOSLI .PETER V. MOULDER WALTER L. PALMERL. T. COGGESHALLJESSIE BURNS MACLEAN, SecretarySubscription with membership:Annual, $4.00 Life, $60.00MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 11REPORT FROM THE DEAN OF STUDENTSIASKIND SCHOLARSHIPSAWARDEDIn the summer of 1956, Dr. NathanielBaskind and his wife, Marian, estab­hed the Dr. Nathaniel 1. and Marian.skind Scholarship Fund to provideiolarships to assist worthy and prom­ng students in obtaining an educationmedicine and related fields.Dr. Baskind was graduated from theiiversity of Illinois College of Medi­ie in 1913. After an internship at theiiversity Hospital, he taught at therllege of Medicine for several yearsd established a general practice iniicago. In 1925 he left his practicenporarily for fifteen months of post­aduate work in medicine - threeinths at the New York Skin and Can­r Hospital, six months in Vienna atAllgemeines Krankenhaus, twomths at the University of Breslauedical Department, one month at the.rlin Hospital, and a final three monthsthe St. Louis Hospital of the Univer­y of Paris.Dr. Baskind has been practicing med­ne on Chicago's South Side for overrty years. During this period, in addi­in to maintaining an office in theiglewood Area, near Sixty-third andlisted Street, he has also served one staff of the Englewood Hospital. Ate present time he is an active memberthe Chicago Medical Society, the Illi­is Stat� Medical Society, and thenerican Medical Association.Marian Baskind, a graduate of Drakeiiversity, taught school in Des Moines,wa, before her marriage, She has beentive in the Woman's Auxiliary to theiicago Medical Society; she was treas­er for eight years and now is corre­onding secretary. She is also a pastesident and an active member of theiglewood Hospital Auxiliary.For many years both Dr. and Mrs.iskind have been active in a numbercivic 'educational and welfare organi­lions. It was their deep interest inedical education and research whichompted them to establish the scholar­ip fund bearing their names.In December, 1956, the first Baskindholars were selected; six Freshmend one Senior medical student wereos en to receive full tuition scholar­ips for the year 1956-57. It is con­nplated that each year a number of Freshmen will be chosen to becomeBaskind Scholars.We in the Dean of Students Office areall too aware of the financial barrierstbat keep good candidates from applyingfor admission, We are very grateful tothe Baskinds for bringing closer the daywhen the abilities and the promise ofstudents will become the criteria foradmission to our medical school.DR. BASKINDTHE FRESHMAN CLASS-1956The Class of 1960, which began itsmedical studies on campus in the Fallof 1956, was selected from over onethousand applicants.These sixty-eight men and four wom­en come from thirty-six different under­graduate colleges and universities. Twen­ty come from our own College, sevenfrom the University of Illinois, and fivefrom Beloit. A complete list of all theschools represented is given below:Augustana College (2)Beloit College (5)Brooklyn CollegeUniv, of California (Berkeley) (3)UCLA (2)Calvin CollegeUniversity of Chicago (20)University of ColoradoColumbia UniversityCornell University (2)University of DenverDePauw UniversityDuke UniversityFranklin and Marshall CollegeHarvard UniversityHiram CollegeUniversity of Illinois (7)Indiana UniversityJohns Hopkins UniversityUniversity of Miami (Florida)North Central CollegeOberlin College (2)Ohio UniversityPomona CollegePrinceton University Purdue UniversityUniversity of RochesterRoosevelt UniversityRutgers UniversitySt. Olaf CollegeStanford Universitv (2)University of TennesseeUnion College (New York)Western ReserveCollege of William and MaryWittenburg CollegeMore than one-half of the enteringFreshmen were twenty-one or twenty­two years of age, but the average age ofthe entire class was twenty-three. Theactual age spread extended from a youngman nineteen years old with a minimumof premedical training to a woman ofthirty with a Ph.D, degree in nuclearphysics. The scholastic averages com­piled by these students while in collegeranged from A to C+, with the major­ity achieving records of B or better. Ofthe entering Freshmen, two-thirds hadat least a four-year Bachelor's degree,three had Master's degrees, and threemore held Ph.Di's in the basic sciences.Of the sixty-eight men in the class, fif­teen are married, and three have onechild each; none of the four women ismarried. Sixteen of the men are vet­erans of the armed forces, having servedcollectively a total of forty-four yearsin the United States Army, Navy, orAir Force and the Royal Air Force.Three of our Freshmen are of foreignbirth (Belgium, Guatemala, and SouthAfrica), although two of them are nowUnited States citizens, and all three re­ceived their premedical training in thiscountry.The family backgrounds of these stu­dents represent a cross-section of ourAmerican people. The fathers of ourFreshmen are engaged in a diversity ofoccupations-professional, business, andlabor. For example, there are six physi­cians, six engineers, four college profes­sors, three building contractors, twochemists, two farmers, two grocers, twoministers, two truck-drivers, a book­binder, a dentist, a geophysicist, onelawyer, one machinist, one pharmacist,one postmaster, and a printer, as well asa variety of office workers, manufactur­ers, merchants, and salesmen.The Class of 1960 has now completedits first quarter of study in our Schoolof Medicine, and already it is apparentthat this class will maintain the highstandards which have been set by theclasses which have preceded it.12 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINTHE DEAN RETURNSUniversity students working on (he Medical Alumni Directory: SARAH PUSSTELNIK,SYLVIA PANDOLFI, MAGGIE NASH, BETTY FACKLER, and INA WALKER. Perhaps the most important event 0the academic year in the Division 0Biological Sciences and the School 0Medicine is the recent return of oudistinguished Dean, Dr. Lowell 1Coggeshall, to full-time activity in thideanship after a year's leave of absencwhile he served in Washington as special assistant to the Secretary of HealthEducation, and Welfare. During his yeawith the government Dr. Coggeshalturned in his usual effective performance, culminating in a visit to Austri,with Vice-President Nixon in Decembefor the purpose of surveying the Hungarian refugee problem.One of Dean Coggeshall's first officiaduties on his return to the Universitjmust have been a very gratifying onehe was obliged to report to the Divisional Faculty upon his stewardship iiidean over the last ten years. The recoxof accomplishment in expansion an<improvement of physical facilities, Iaculty, and curriculum was most impressive. His ideas for the future are equalhexciting. More important than thishowever, is the sense of confidence thaihis presence always engenders in faculqand students alike. There is an ol(cliche to the effect that no one is indis­pensable. Dean Coggeshall appears t(be the exception to this rule. The Medical Alumni, too, have ample cause t(rejoice at his return, for his interest iJIand devotion to the organization halalways been great.RICHARD B. RICHTER, 'ZJPresidentMEDICAL ALUMNI DIRECTORYWe have had six or seven people atwork for several months collecting theinformation we need for our Directory.This is a big job, and we could use alarger staff if we had space for one. Westill hope to finish before the summer.Seven Thousand AlumniOur Directory will list all alumni of theUniversity of Chicago School of Med- icine: graduates from both Billings andRush, former faculty, interns, and resi­dents, the present staff of The Clinics,and the faculty of the Division of Bio­logical Sciences-seven thousand names.The geographic listing will give suchdetails as the year of graduation oryears of association with the University,membership status in the MedicalAlumni Association, type of practice,Full name Class _Office address _Home address _Type of Practice:Specialty Other _Academic appointment.L _Board certification (if any) 19 __General.L _ board certification, academic affiliationif any, and office and home addresses.An alphabetical index will refer to thegeographic list.Your co-operation in supplying USwith the information we need is muchappreciated. For those of you who havenot responded we will do our best withthe sources of information we have.Free to MembersThe Directory will be mailed withoutcharge to all active members of theMedical Alumni Association. We hopeyou will find it useful, but don't ask fora revision for at least five years.If you have lost or misplaced yourcard, clip the accompanying coupon, finit out, and return it to us without delay.Send to: MEDICAL ALUMNI ASSOCIA­TION, THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO,950 East 59th Street, Chicago 37.