Volume 12 WINTER 1956 Number 2VIRUS RESEARCH in the DEPARTMENT of BIOCHEMISTRYLeft to right-Back row: DONALD BROWN. ROY MACKAL, LlOYD KOZLOFF; Middle ro u/: MURL LUTE . .lAMES O'DONNELL,RAY KOPPELMAN, HOWARD GOLDFINE, PETER DUKES; Front row: GEORGE VIDA VER, RUTH TIMMONS, E. A. EVANS, JR.,PAMELA TALALAY, and LERLEAN WHITE.By E. A. EVANS, JR.Professor and Chairman, Department ofBiochemistry, The University of ChicagoDuring the last eight years, the Nation­rl Foundation for Infantile Paralysis has�iven some $250,000 to the Department)f Biochemistry for fundamental re­-earch. It is an indication of the particulariature of biological research that none ofhis money has been spent on a study ofhe polio viruses themselves, Not thathis should not be done, but the absenceif methods for producing the polio vi­'Uses in large quantities has until recently)revented any attempt to use them in the,tudy of some of the most fundamental)roblems in virology.The coli phages are viruses which infectl common E. coli bacterium. Such viruses'an be prepared in a highly purified state in relatively large quantities (1 gram),and the mechanism by which they infectand destroy bacterial cells can be studiedunder carefully controlled conditions andwith the use of such tools of contempo­rary biochemical research as isotopictracers (used by biochemists for sometwenty years now), the ultracentrifuge,the electrophoretic apparatus, etc,The research group in biochemistrynow includes Lloyd Kozloff, Roy Mackal,Ray Koppelman, and Pamela Talalay assenior members of the staff; GeorgeVidaver, James O'Donnell, Howard Gold­fine, and Donald Brown as graduate stu­dents, Former members have includedFrank Putnam, Kenneth Burton, Kath­ryn Knowlton, Arthur Koch, and Leon­ard Barrington, The initial objectivewas to ascertain something of the mech- anism by which the virus reproduces it­self. Is the situation analogous to that bywhich a micro-organism ingests materialsfrom its hosts and proceeds to divide, oris this biological process of an entirelydifferent type? More specifically, (1 )where do the materials of which the viralparticle is composed come from; (2) howare these component parts assembled orsynthesized into the final particle; and(3) what energy sources are used for thispurpose? These first objectives have nowbeen realized, at least in broad outline.but, as is frequently the case, the newfacts have provoked as many new ques­tions as they have answered old ones. Thestory that emerges from these studies andthose of other investigators may be sum­marized as follows,Phages may be classified into two cate-2 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINgories. virulent and temperate, and it isconvenient to consider our informationsepa ra tely, both in rega rd to the types ofviruses and the kinds of host-virus re­lationships.Chemical CompositionMost of our knowledge of the chemicalcomposition as well as of the biochem­istry of the host-virus relationship is de­rived from the virulent coliphages. Al­though there is some variation in the di­mensions given by various workers, thereis general agreement that these particlesare spermlike in shape, with hexagonalheads and tails of varying length.The virulent coli phages contain aboutequal amounts of protein and nucleic acidof the DNA type. Complete analyses ofthe amino acid content of the proteins ofall the various coli phages have not yetbeen made. However, in analogy withwhat has been observed in the analysis ofthe protein component of mutant strainsof tobacco mosaic virus, one might expectthat these will differ qualitatively andquantitatively from phage type to phagetype. There is nothing in the amino aciddistribution to suggest any specific char­acteristics for the coliphage proteins, al­though the dicarboxylic acids are presentin unusually large amounts.So far as nucleic acid content is con­cerned, the coli phages contain only DNA.The DNA of T�, T.j, and T(; is entirelyunlike the nucleic acid from any othersource. In these phages, cytosine is ab­sent and one finds a new pyrimidine base.S-hydroxy-methylcytosine (5-HMC). Inaddition, glucose is present, one moleculeof the hexose being attached probably tothe hydroxyl group of each 5-HMC mole­cule. However, 5-HMC is not present inthe odd-numbered phages and the ques­tion of the possible presence of glucosehas not been examined.Infectious ProcessThe manner in which the nucleic acidand protein of the coliphage particle arebound together is not known. It is gen­erally believed, however, that the nucleicacid is completely sheathed by a protec­tive protein layer. The adsorption of vir-Short-railed and regular viruses ulent viral particles by a sensitive host isfollowed by a sequence of reactions ofwhich the chemistry is understood only inpart. The tail constitutes the point of at­tachment to the sensitive bacterial host.In its initial phase the adsorption processis reversible and depends on the existenceof complementary electrostatic relation­ships between the virus and certain por­tions of the host cell wall. The initialreversible binding of the phage is fol­lowed by an irreversible phase, whichprobably involves changes in both thevirus particle and the bacterial cell wall.The difficulty of isolating the earlierphases of the infectious process in thein vivo system has led to a study of theinteraction between the coli phages andso-called "bacterial membranes." Theseare prepared by autolysis of heavy sus­pensions of E. coli in buffer solutions andsubsequent treatment with proteolyticenzymes and with Iysozymes. Such prep­arations are homogeneous and specifical­ly adsorb and inactivate coli phages whichattack the original bacterial cell. The proc­ess can be studied chemically by usingbacterial membranes in which the nitrogenhas been marked by using N!". When suchmembranes are treated with coliphage.quantities of soluble nitrogenous com­pounds are released proportional to thequantity of phage added. The chemicalnature of these compounds is presentlybeing studied in the hope that this willreveal something of the ill vivo process ofinvasion.Under normal physiological conditions.the irreversible phase of adsorption isfollowed by a splitting of the coliphageparticle, so that the bulk of the nucleicacid of the phage particle passes into thebacterial cell. The protein membrane re­mains attached to the exterior of the celland can be removed without interferingwith the further stages of virus reproduc­tion, simply by agitating the infectedbacterial cells in a Waring blendor. All oralmost all of the phage DNA is trans­ferred into the bacterial cell, and prob­ably all of the phage protein is excluded.The further steps in the process of virussynthesis involve the participation of onlva portion of the original infecting particle.that is, the whole or the major part of itsnucleic acid.It is not possible to detect the presenceof intact virus during the next phase ofviral reproduction. If the cells are dis­rupted during this period, one finds par­ticles which are protein of nature, relatedserologically to virus protein but incapa­ble of inducing the infection and repre­senting probably intermediate stages invirus synthesis. Since the DNA of T�. T.j,and T,; contains 5-HMC and is free ofcytosine, one can study the synthesis ofthe nucleic acid portion of the virus hvfollowing the changes in phage specificDNA (i.e., DNA containg 5-HMC) andof host specific DNA (containing cyto- sine and no 5-HMC) at intervals aft.infection has occurred. Phage DNAfound to increase soon after infectioiwhile the bacterial DNA decreases. Attime approximately half the period bltween infection and lysis, disruption (the cell shows that mature infectious vrus particles are beginning to appear.Sources of Viral MaterialThe mature virus particle may contaimaterial derived from (a) the parent irfecting particle, (b) the bacterial- hoicell, and (c) the nutrient components (the medium. We have already seen thaapparently the only contribution of thparental particle is its nucleic acid. By thuse of isotopes it is possible to show thawhile components of the parental DN,appear in the viral progeny, they are corfined to the particles synthesized in thearlier stages of the infectious processi.e., by the time 25 per cent of the viruyield is completed, most of the parentsDNA has been transferred, and the viruparticles synthesized subsequently contain little or no parental nucleic acid.Furthermore, t he phosphorus tramf erred is not localized in specific or specially conserved parts of the nucleic aci,of the fi rst progeny but is uniformly distributed in each particle. Experimentwith parent virus labeled with both N'and p:l� confirm the view that extensivrearrangement of the transferred materiaoccurs. Up to now no positive correlatioihas been obtained between the materiatransfer of DNA from the infecting phag.and the transfer of hereditary units, although parental DNA must be the agenwhereby these units are transmitted. Ispecial parts of the virus are conserverand transferred to the progeny as nuclei:acids of considerable size and possessimgenetic specificity, no experiment has yelrevealed their existence. Rather, it appears that after that portion of the .viraDNA which is effective in the synthesisof new virus particles has exerted its ef­fect on the metabolism of the host cellit is broken down into smaller fragmentswhich are then used for virus synthesis ina nonspecific manner.The most striking feature of the utili­zation of the components of the host cellfor virus synthesis is the use of bacterialDNA. This first involves breakdown ofthe bacterial nucleic acid into smallerfragments which are then used for thesynthesis of viral DNA, and especially forthe viral particles which are formed inthe early stages of the infectious process.When bacterial DNA is insufficient inamount for the DNA of the viral prog­eny, or when viral DNA requires thesynthesis of a qualitatively new compo­nent such as 5-HMC, then this material issynthesized from the simple component:of the medium. There is little or no utili­zation of bacterial protein or amino acid:for virus synthesis, so that viral protein[Continued on page 3]MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 3DR. HATCHER HONORED BY HIS RESIDENTSBack row (left to right): ROBERT ENGLAND, EUGENE MINDELL, DONALD ROSS, JOSEPH GOSMAN, JEROME WALDMAN,fILLIAM ENNEKING, WAYNE AKESON, HOWARD HATCHER, MEYER GOLDNER, DAVID ANDERSON, JAMES DOUGH­RTY, JAMES MILES, CARROLL ADAMS, THOMAS BROWER. Middle row: JEROME JEROME, FRANCIS WALSH, WILLIAMRIGSTEN, PAUL McMASTER, WILLIAM STEWART, SAM BANKS, MARY SHERMAN, JOHN SIEGLlNG, H. RELTON Mc­ARROLL, CRAWFORD CAMPBELL, JOHN FAHEY, MICHAEL BONFIGLIO. Front row: ROBERT D. MOORE, HENRY HEINEN,)HN MILROY.Residents not in picture: J. DEWEY BISGARD, HAROLD BOWMAN, CURTIS HANSON, PAUL HARMON, EUGENE HENKE,RAHAM KERNWEIN, DONALD KEYES, ROBERT KING, JOHN LEE, MOORE MOORE, JR., and GEORGE T. WALLACE."IN GRATEFUL RECOGNITION TOC. HOWARD HATCHERFOR TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF DEVOTED::ACHING, LEADERSHIP, AND INSPIRATIONTO US ALLPresented by the Former Residents­Department of Orthopedic Surgery­University of Chicago.January 29, 1956"This was the gift card that accompa­ed a brand new automobile presented tor. Hatcher on his twenty-fifth anniver­try at The Clinics.Thirty-one of the thirty-nine residentsho signed the scroll attended the pres­itation luncheon at the Palmer House.hey came from all parts of the country, attend the meetings of the Americancademy of Orthopaedics and to payimage to their one-time chief.The roll of this group is a roll of dis­nguished orthopedic surgeons. Thirteen. them hold academic appointments and-ur are chairmen of their departments. orthopedics. At the meeting of the newrthopaedic Research Society, seven of.e fifteen papers on the program were/ members of this group.There can be no firmer testimony toe ideals of this medical school than the'ide and loyalty and devoti on 0 f theseumni for The University of Chicagord for Dr. Hatcher. Virus Research­[Continued from page 2]is formed largely by de novo synthesisfrom the components of the medium.The picture of virulent coliphage in­fection which emerges from these factsis one in which the process of virus syn­thesis is set off by a fragment of the orig­inal infecting particle. The machinerythat is used for virus synthesis is the nor­mal metabolic equipment of the bacterialcell, and the materials on which it oper­ates are the normal components of thebacterial environment and certain por­tions of the bacterial intracellular fabric.Many, if not all, of the normal metabolicfunctions of the bacterial cell cease, andthere begins an immediate and rapid syn­thesis of the specific parts of the virusparticle. Viral DNA appears so rapidlyafter infection has occurred that it is dif­ficult to decide whether new enzymic ma­chinery is synthesized for this purpose orwhether a variation in some normal proc­ess occurs."Temperate" VirusesAlthough there are many problems con­nected with the virulent viruses still un­solved. the investigations have also beenextended to the consideration of the so­called "temperate" viruses. Here the in­f ormation is much less, but the followingsequence of events appears to be in­volved.The temperate phage is adsorbed andthe bacterium survives to give rise towhat is known as a lysogenic clone. Theinfecting virus particle is transformed (reduced) into what is termed a prophageand the host cell continues to grow andreproduce in a normal fashion. In grow­ing cultures of such cells, one finds thatin a very small proportion of the cellsthe prophage passes spontaneously intowhat is known as a vegetative phase andmature phage particles are then produced.This results in the lysis of the particularcells concerned, with the liberation intothe medium of phage particles identicalwith the original parent. This occursspontaneously, to a small extent, and forunknown reasons. However, in the caseof certain lysogenic strains, it is possibleto cause a practically complete conver­sion of the prophage by treating the lyso­genic cells with one of a variety of so­called inducing agents. These include ul­traviolet light. soft x-rays, gamma raysor radioactive cobalt, thiomalic acid, re­duced glutathione. ascorbic acid, organicperoxides, epoxides, ethylene imines, ni­trogen mustards. and hydrogen peroxideeither added directly or produced by theaddition of sulfhydryl compounds in thepresence of copper. When such substancesare applied under the proper conditions,conversion of the prophage to the vege­tative phase occurs. followed by practi­cally complete lysis of the culture andliberation of virus. The phage producedunder these circumstances is identicalwith the original infecting particles pro­ducing the prophage.The nature of the conversion of phageto prophage, i.e .. the process of reduction.is not known. There is evidence. however.that during the period when reduction isoccurring the phage particle behaves as acytoplasmic unit, while a fter the lyso-4 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINgenic status has been established the pro­phage is firmly associated with or boundto a specific chromosomal site.At present we have no precise infor­mation as to the chemical nature of theprophage. Attempts have been made tolook for the specific protein of the in­fecting phage in a lysogenized strain, butwithout success, and it appears that viralprotein is synthesized only after the lyso­genic bacteria are induced. In recent ex­periments comparing the fate of DNAfrom a virulent phage with that from atemperate phage, it has been observedthat with the virulent phage a consider­able portion of the phosphorus of theviral DNA is found in the acid solublephosphate fraction of the bacterial cellimmediately after infection, with only aportion of the parent DNA being associ­ated with the DNA of the infected cell.With temperate phage, the bulk of theviral phosphorus remains associated withthe DNA of the infected cell, at leastduring the experimental period. On thehasis of the very limited experimentalda ta it seems possib Ie that the prophageis either a nucleic acid or a nucleic acidderivative. a hypothesis that is in har­mony with the considerable body of ge­netic evidence supporting the view thatprophage is a genelike unit located at aspecific chromosomal site.In the case of both virulent and tern-EVANSperate infections, the evidence points toreactions involving the genetic materialof the cell. One would suspect, therefore,a considerable degree of analogy betweenthe reactions we have described and thosewhich occur in the course of the normalgrowth and division of the living cell. Ifthe effective portion of the virulent virustakes over and modifies the synthetic re­actions leading to the formation of viralDNA, it seems probable that this ma­terial must bear a definite resemblanceboth in structure and function to nor­mal intermediates in cellular metabolism.When one considers the complexity ofthe process and the product in which viralDN A is neatly wrapped up into little par­cels of protective protein, one might ex­pect again that there should be normalcounterparts for such structures. Onewould like to know something of thestructure and cellular location of the nor­mal nucleoproteins of the bacterial cell.Viral ReproductionAll the evidence from the study of thebacterial viruses suggests that viral repro­duction involves a diversion of the nor­mal metabolic activities of the host cell.It is of the greatest importance that weshould know whether this is true with theanimal and plant viruses and other mem­bers of the virus group. The behavior ofthe temperate viruses exhibits definite analogies to certain human virus diseas:in which the infection is latent or hiddeThere are analogies also to such kinds,malignancy as, for example, mammalcarcinoma in the mouse, which, althou€transmitted from mother to child byvirus-like factor in the milk, only exhibiitself in adult offsprings under the impaof the proper endocrine and other envronmental factors. It is also of gre:interest that the bacterial cells contaiiing pro-viruses are apparently resistaior immune to the further action -of tloriginal virus. Here again are ideas whicmust be applied to other virus diseaseand certainly insight into the chemic.nature of the pro-virus particle and tlmechanism of its inheritance might po.sibly give some entirely new approach tsuch diverse problems as malignancy animmunity.There remains, then, much to be doron the viruses as virus, and the continuestudy of the biological and chemical ruture of the virus particle and of vinreproduction must lie in the very centsof our efforts to control and prevent vindisease. However, aside from this verpractical and immediate problem there:an increasing body of facts which sugge:that an understanding of viral reprodu:tion and of the biological nature of thvirus particle will lead to our understancing of some of the most fundament:aspects of the living cell itself. Viruse:at least those of the smaller size, appeato be predominantly nucleoproteins anof two types: one in which the nucleiacid component is similar to that of thnuclear nucleic acid (DNA) and the otluin which the viral nucleic acid is similato that of the cytoplasmic nucleic acicomponent (RNA). It appears probablthen, that reproduction of these two typeof viruses is associated in each case witthe metabolism of the corresponding typof nucleoprotein in the host cell. Our biechemical knowledge of these processes:just beginning. but it is clear that certaiof the nucleoproteins are responsible fedirecting, as genes, all of these metabolicharacteristics of the cell which pass frorgeneration to generation.We begin to receive then the existencof a whole spectrum of subcellular COlTponents: proteins, nucleic acids, and mcleic acid-protein complexes, all of whicplay a fundamental role in the norm:growth and reproduction of the eelMoreover, it would appear that alterttions in the normal balance of this systergive rise to pathology of the most diverssort. Our future efforts then must be drected to a study, at the most fund:mental level, of the chemical and biologcal properties of this whole series of sulcellular components related to the nuclerproteins, attacking the problem not onlas a question of viral invasion and vir:disease but also from the standpoint cthe biological role of the cellular nucle:proteins themselves.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 5GRADUATE NEWS'31. Robert T. Porter has been elected-esident of the Colorado State Medical So­ety,Lucile Robey was recently selected as thel'ypical Business or Professional Woman"I the local Business and Professional'omen's Club of Houston, Texas. Dr. Ro­!y was chosen for the honor because of!r devotion and work in the medical andvii life of her adopted city. At present shean assistant professor of clinical medicine. Baylor University and is an associate staffember of Hermann Hospital.'32. Egbert H. Fell and his co-workersthe Hektoen Institute for Medical Re­'arch received the A.M.A. silver medalNard for their exhibit on angiocardiogra­ry in normal and abnormal hearts.Alven M. Weil is chairman of the de­irtment of obstetrics and gynecology andiairman of the educational committee atity Hospital in Akron. His son, Harvey,an undergraduate at the University ofennsylvania looking forward to graduateudies at The University of Chicago about)57.'33. Leon J. Galinsky, medical director ofroadlawns Polk County Hospital's tuber­ilosis department at Des Moines, Iowa,as the recipient of the first annual Dr./alter L. Bierring Award, presented duringie joint meeting of the Iowa Tuberculosisid Health Association, the Iowa Trudeauociety, and the Iowa Heart Association.he award was given for "meritorious serv­e in tuberculosis control." He has been.strumental in establishing home care foriberculous patients.Irene Josselyn has been elected president, the Chicago Council of Child Psychiatry.er new book, The Happy Child, was pub­shed by Random House last fall.Winston Tucker was elected vice-presi­!nt of the American Association of Publicealth Physicians at their annual meetingKansas City. He also was recently elected, fellowship in the American Academy ofidiatrics.'34. Andrew J. Brislen is president ofe Jackson Park Branch of the Chicago.cdical Society.'35. Hinman A. Harris has been a staffiysician at the Robert Koch Hospital in. Louis for the past four years.'36. Edward B. Cantor is now practicingSherman Oaks, California, and recently.came a diplomate of the American BoardObstetrics and Gynecology.John Post, a member of the staff of Pres­-terian Hospital, was recently appointededical director of the Zenith Radio Corpo­, tion.Charles H. Rammelkamp was awardede 1955 Alvarenga prize on July 14, 1955,r the College of Physicians of Philadelphiarecognition of his outstanding work ine field of streptococcic infections."37. Clinton Compere has been promotedthe rank of associate professor at North­estern University Medical School., Ormand C. Julian discussed "Open HeartIrgery under Hypothermia" at the J anu­y 6 meeting of the Chicago Surgical So- ciety. Willis J. Potts, Rush '24, discussed"The Heart of the Child" at the samemeeting.Carl C. Pfeiffer of Emory University hasbeen elected secretary of the American So­ciety for Pharmacology and ExperimentalTherapeutics.Leo Rangell is president of the SouthernCalifornia Psvchiatric Society.'39. Elmer' W. Haertig is now directorof the division of mental hygiene of theTerritorial Department of Health, Hawaii.'40. Albert R. Ryan was recently ap­pointed consultant anesthetist to the Listerand North Herts Hospital in Hitchin, Eng­land, which is about thirty-five miles fromLondon on the Great North Road.'41. David J. Lochman, who has been inEngland on an American Cancer Societyfellowship, returned to radiology in Sep­tember after an absence of one year.'42. James Fritz of Tucson, Arizona,spent several days visiting the thoracic sur­gery group at The University of Chicagolast May.Robert T. Stormont has been named di­rector of the Division of Therapy and Re­search of the American Medical Association.'43. Lawrence B. Hobson is medical di­rector of the International Division of theE. R. Squibb Company of New York City.Harold R. Reames has joined the Up­john Company after practicing pediatrics inGrand Rapids, Michigan, for several years.He is now chairman of the infectious dis­eases department of the research division ofthe Upjohn Company.'44. Robert I. Barickman, Jr., has joinedthe staff of the Marshall Field Clinic herein Chicago.Donald F. McDonald of the Universityof Washington has been elected secretary­treasurer of the Northwest Urological So­ciety.Melvin M. Newman has been appointedchief of thoracic surgery service at the StateUniversity of New York Medical Center inNew York City. He was recently elected tomembership in the American Association forThoracic Surgery.'45. Edward H. Storer has been ap­pointed assistant professor of surgery at theUniversity of Tennessee College of Medi­cine.Warren F. Wilhelm is now a diplomateof the American Board of Internal Medi­cine.Elwood E. Yaw reports that their fourthchild was born on October 5, and his nameis Gary Weston.'46. Clair E. Basinger has become associ­ated with Richard A. Rasmussen, '38, inthe practice of thoracic surgery, cardiovas­cular surgery, and endoscopy in GrandRapids, Michigan.Mark S. Beaubien returned to the staffof the Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit uponhis discharge from the Army.Daniel Enerson has left The Clinics andis practicing general and thoracic surgery inMuncie, Indiana. He is also associated withthe University of Indiana Hospitals in In­dianapolis. Willis D. Garrard, Charleston, West Vir­ginia, is now in partnership practice withDr. Walter Putschar, well-known authorityin general and bone pathology and consult­ant to the Armed Forces Institute of Pa­thology. He has three children and statesthat he sees a great deal of his old classmateand roommate, Paul Francke, '46, who isin the practice of X-ray and radiology inCharleston.Warren Greenwold has completed histhree-year fellowship in pediatrics at theMayo Clinic and has now returned to pri­vate practice in Champaign, Illinois, wherehe is affiliated with the Carle Hospital.Charles Henry McCroskey died in theVeterans Administration Hospital in To­peka, Kansas, on September 28, 1955. Hewas a member of the American TrudeauSociety and made his home in Kansas City.The cause of death was bacterial endocar­ditis.Buel Morley maintains offices in Evans­ton and Northbrook, Illinois. He is Boardcertified in obstetrics and gynecology.Edward Munnell is doing cardiovascularsurgery at the Veterans Hospital in Oteen,North Carolina.'47. Frank T. Lossy recently passed hisAmerican Boards in psychiatry. He is stillin private practice in Oakland and affiliatedwith the San Francisco Institute.C. J. Ruth is now a major in the ArmyMedical Corps and is stationed in Frankfort,Germany. He invites any visiting friends tostop by.'48. Richard K. Blaisdell, returned fromFormosa, is now a second-year resident inmedicine here at The Clinics.George H. Klumpner is now in privatepractice in psychiatry in Oak Park, Illinois.In addition, he is a fellow in child psychi­atry at the Institute for Juvenile Research.Edyth Hull Schoen rich is very busy withthe pleasant task of rearing her little girl,Lola. She is still associated with the JohnsHopkins Hospital in Baltimore.'49. Conrad Fischer has left The Clinicsto begin practicing in Westchester, Illinois.John E. Gill and his family sent holidaygreetings from Philadelphia, where he is inhis third year of eye residency at the NavalHospital.Eugene Miller is now studying at theHarvard School of Public Health.C. Harold Steffee is at the Oak RidgeHospital and the Oak Ridge Institute ofNuclear Studies in Tennessee. He is doingclinical pathology and some experimentalpathology. In addition, he has enjoyed re­newing his friendship with Bob Bigelow,'43, who is also at Oak Ridge.William H. Wainwright is chief residentin psychiatry at the Payne Whitney Clinicof Cornell University'S New York Hospital.Arthur F. Wendel and his family stilllive in Port Angeles, Washington, and wishthat more of their friends could see thebeautiful Olympic Peninsula.'50. George H. Berryman, who is headof the department of clinical investigationat Abbott Laboratories, has been appointeda nutritional consultant to the federal gov­ernment.6 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINErnest Beutler has returned from theArmy and is once again an instructor inmedicine here at The Clinics.Ted Johnston finished residency in oph­thalmology at the University of Iowa andis now in the Air Force. He reports that heis working in his specialty and that thefamily is fine.Abbie R. Lukens is now in private prac­tice of pediatrics in Clarendon Hills, Illinois.'51. Henry Inouye returned as senior as­sistant resident in surgery following his dis­charge from the Army last August.Harold Marcus is finishing his workat the Columbia Psychoanalytic Clinic forTraining and Research and is practicing psy-chiatry in New York City. .Clyde G. Miller will finish his psychiatricresidency at the Veterans AdministrationCenter in Los Angeles on March 1 and thenplans to enter private practice in the samecity.Arnold L. Tanis is stationed at the U.S.Naval Hospital in Key West, Florida. Hiswife and two children are also there enjoy­ing the wonderful climate.'52. Larry Maillis has been overseas forabout a year with the Air Force. He is mar­ried and the father of a new baby.'53. E. Russell Alexander is in the Epi­demic Intelligence Service of the Commu­nicable Disease Center, which is located inAtlanta, Georgia.Louis Cohen stated in a recent letterthat The University of Chicago boys are sooutstanding and unique that they, alongwith another two thousand, got promotedto the rank of lieutenant in the UnitedStates Navy. The list includes such eminentmen as Alexander Ervanian '53, GeorgeC. Flanagan '53, and two former residents,Melvin Horowitz and Henry Mankin.Oh yes, Lou was on that list too.Harry W. Parks is attached to the NavalInfirmary at the El Toro Marine Corps AirStation in California.'54. Arnold L. Flick is now at the Na­tional Institute of Health in Washington,D.C., as is his classmate, Tom Dutcher.Richard S. Homer is in the Air Forceand is stationed at Beale Air Force Base,California. He reports that a former resi­dent, Frederick Silverman, is also stationedthere.Albert Levy is a medical officer atthe William W. Hastings Indian Hospitalin Tahlequah, Oklahoma.Agatha Sobel is a resident at St. Eliza­beths Hospital in Washington, D.C., andexpects to remain there next year as anintermediate.Edwin L. Stickney is in general practicein Broadus, Montana.'55. John David, an intern at the Massa­chusetts General Hospital, reports that he isenjoying a wonderful internship, but doesmiss his friends at Billings. He expects toremain there next year as an assistant resi­dent.Floyd H. Gilles reports the birth ofhis daughter, Catherine Ann, born on Octo­ber 10, 1955.Nelson Moffat reports that David Lin­coln was born on September 11 and atpresent is eating them out of house andhome.Ralph R. Stephens was married toMiss Barbara Elaine Kurnins of Windsor,Connecticut, on February 11, 1956. OF PLANS AND MENBy mid-February the Campaign of TheUniversity of Chicago to raise $32,779,-000 reached its half-way mark. An­nounced gifts include $7.5 million fromfoundations; $1.5 million from corpora­tions; nearly $60,000 pledged by the Uni­versity faculty; well over $4 million bythe University's trustees. With theirpledges the Trustees restated the drive'sobjectives: (1) to strengthen teachingand research; (2) to finance improve­ments of the University neighborhoodand student housing; (3) to providescholarships. The largest single gift todate is $4,324,000 given by the FordFoundation for the specific purpose ofsupporting increases in faculty pay.Certain gi fts are not included in thecampaign totals because they are for des­ignated purposes other than the specificobjectives of the campaign. Chief amongthese is the generous bequest throughwhich the University becomes the prin­cipal beneficiary of the estate of LouisBlock, Joliet industrialist. Mr. Block'sbequest, totaling about $17.5 million, isto be used exclusively for basic researchin the biological and physical sciences.The second half of a campaign is sup­posed to be the harder half. We hope thisone may be the exception.The fund-raising committee has pre­sented the bas's of this hope in a recentbrochure, a sequel to an earlier one. "TheResponsibility of Greatness" implied thatthe privately supported university mustfulfil its obligations to the dynamic so­ciety of which it is a part. "To Meet anObligation" stresses the corollary, thatour democratic society must maintainand cherish privately supported institu­tions of higher education. It presents indetail the specific needs of The Univer­sty of Chicago and tells briefly why ad­ditional funds are needed.The diverse but not separate goals ofthis campaign fall into two main groups.One goal is immediate building and re­construction. The Law School must havenew space for teaching, research, and li­brary facilities. Plans call for new hous­ing for undergraduates and for the pur­chase and remodeling of buildings in theUniversity community. An especiallyimportant aspect of this project is hous­ing for married graduate students, in­cluding medical students, at rentals theycan afford to pay. These projects will bea major contribution to improving theUniversity neighborhood.Specified funds, expendable over a ten­year period, will be allocated from theremaining $18.5 million dollars. TheScholarship and Loan Fund of $2 millionis to provide much needed student aid.Other funds are for teacher training; forthe library. to permit the acquisition andmaintenance of books in all fields of knowledge; for remodeling, improviiand enlarging teaching facilities throusout the University. A total of $8,639,0is designated for increased salaries jfaculty members and for enlarging astrengthening the faculty.Last but not least is the $4,640,000unrestricted funds, the free or flexilmoney which will keep the budget in bance during a period of dynamic growlIt must be possible "to buy pencilsBetatrons," to acquire unexpected (sentials-brain-power, manpower, rschemical, or new tool not covered byspecific grant or a place in the norrrbudget. It can mean the immediachance for the idea that must at onceput to the test.In all departments of our own Biolo,cal Sciences Division the success of tcampaign is vital. Improved facilitimean paint and plaster, better lightirre-equipped laboratories, additional clasrooms, offices for work and study, a b(ter library to read in. Enlarged faculsalaries require no comment. Additionfaculty members will insure adequate rplacements of those about to retire. TInext decade will see the departures,many of the early members of the clinistaff. New faculty appointments are murneeded in The Clinics where reinforcments have not kept up with increasebed capacity in four new wings; wilheavier in-patient demands because (the more rapid turnover; with ever hea:ier out-patient and emergency serviceOnly because of the help of the yourclinicians on our resident and intern stahas it been possble to meet the day's d(mands. We have all paid together f(manpower shortages-in lessened timfor reading and study-in greatly lesened time for research.Success in the campaign will meamost to the young postgraduate groutalready chosen for their promise as teachers and investigators. These are the as.sistants, the res-dents, the instructorsand even the younger assistant professors. Independent incomes are a rarit'in this group. Marriage is common, omand two children per family are commonand three and four are not unheard ofHome for many has been a basement 0subdivided apartment or a prefabricate.house of the postwar period, soon to btorn down.The wolves have not been too close tlthe door, at least for most of the groupbut necessities often are luxuries. For instance, the recent skyrocketing prices 0haircuts have led quite a few young wiveto acquire barber's shears and the skill tluse them on their children. Often the:have acquired a husband and his friendas customers as well. Not much though[Continued on page 16]MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 7RUSH ALUMNI NEWS'91. John A. Shreck of Redlands, Cali­ornia, who became ninety-two years oldn January, reports that southern Cali­ornia is a fine place to live and work in.'.07. Evans A. Graham, professor emeri­us of surgery at Washington University,eceived the highest award of the Univer­ity of Chicago's Alumni Association, theilurnni Medal, for outstanding public serv­:e and good citizenship. The award was.resented at the annual Alumni Assembly1 Mandel Hall last June.'09. MiloM. Scheid is in private practice1 Rosendale, Wisconsin.'11. John V. Barrow, former professorf internal medicine at the University of.outhern California Medical School, is nowetired and lives in Los Angeles.Gustave W. Lawson of Chicago is affili­ted with the Bethany Methodist Hospital.'16. John Herbert Nichols will retire thisear as professor of physical education andirector of athletics at Oberlin College afterwenty-eight years on that faculty. Hisiany friends at Oberlin paid him the trib­te of naming an ornamental gateway tohe athletic fields in his honor.'82. John Knox Kutnewsky wasborn in Illinois and practiced in Red­field, South Dakota, for fifty-fiveyears, for twenty-three of which hewas superintendent of the StateSchool and Home for the FeebleMinded.In 1939 he and his wife returnedto Illinois to live with their daughter,Mrs. Edna K. Spangler, in Evanston.Mrs. Kutnewsky died two years agoat ninety-three years of age.Dr. Kutnewsky enjoys fine healthand last Thanksgiving he traveledto Glenview to spend the day withhis grandson and have this picturetaken.He is probably Rush's oldest liv­ing graduate: when he reads this hewill be ninety -eigh t years old. '05. Charles Hugh Neilson washonored by the staff and the Sistersof Mercy of St. John's Hospital inSt. Louis in recognition of his valu­able services to them for more thanthirty-one years. He was presentedwith an engraved gold wrist watchand an illuminated citation. He isshown here with his physician son,Arthur W. Neilson (right) andgrandson, Arthur W. Neilson, J r.,M.D., '56.'17. Sarah R. Kelman has been prac­ticing psychiatry since 1925 but reports thatshe is beginning to slow up a bit.Le Roy H. Sloan is president of the Insti­tute of Medicine of Chicago. His presiden­tial address, entitled "And the Valley Awak­ened," was given on December 6.'19. Oliver Nisbet is practicing surgeryin Portland, Oregon, and states that he andhis family enjoy the wonderful climate ofthat area.'21. Roy R. Grinker of Chicago has beenelected president of the Illinois PsychiatricSociety. He also received the Raymond F.Longacre a ward at the annual meeting ofthe Aero Medical Association.'25. Ralph W. Gerard, former professorof neurophysiology here and at the Univer­sity of Illinois, has accepted an appoint­ment as professor of neurophysiology at theUniversity of Michigan Medical School. Inaddition, he was recently elected to mem­bership in the National Academy of Sciences.Margarete Meta Kunde recently ad­dressed the Miami Battle Creek NutritionClub at their annual banquet in MiamiSprings, Florida. Her lecture was entitled"Obesity, the Most Common American Dis­ease."'26. Hugh C. Graham is president of theTulsa, Oklahoma, County Board of Health,and his son, Hugh c., Jr., is a freshmanmedical student at The University of Chi­cago. Harry A. Gussin reports that his son re­cently graduated from Law School at TheUniversity of Chicago.Esmond R. Long, director of the HenryPhipps Institute at the Universitv of Penn­sylvania, and director of medical researchfor the National Tuberculosis Association,retired on July 1. Hereafter, he plans to de­vote his time to research and writing. Dr.and Mrs. Long plan to live in Pedlar Mills,Virginia.'27. Alexander Brunschwig of New YorkCity recently attended the meeting' of theInternational Society for Surgery in Copen­hagen, Denmark, and also took part in theEuropean trip of the Society of ClinicalSurgeons.Edward Compere has been elected acouncilor-at-large from the North SuburbanBranch of the Chicago Medical Society.Hilger Perry Jenkins has been electedrecorder of the Central Surgical Association.Frederic M. Nicholson is director of theChicago Council on Community Nursingand past president of the Northwest Branchof the Chicago Medical Society.'28. Isaac M. Felsher is engaged in thepractice of dermatology in Chicago.'30. Paul J. 'Patchen of Chicago cele­brated his twenty-fifth wedding anniver­sary last year by flying to the A.M.A. con­vention in San Francisco and then on tothe Hawaiian Islands. He reports that hisolder son is an engineering student at Illi­nois Institute of Technology and the young­er one is studying pre-law at the Universityof Miami.Samuel Wick is director of the ArizonaState Hospital in Phoenix.'31. Henry N. Harkins of Seattle andJohn Van Prohaska, '34, of The Clinicswere among the speakers at the annualmeeting of the Western Surgical Associationin Seattle, Washington.Arvid T. Johnson of Rockford, Illinois,has one son in Medical School at North­western University, another one is studyingchemical engineering at Purdue, and thethird, who is twelve years old, wants to bea disc jockey.Paul K. Perkins has been assigned by theU.S. Navy as the executive officer and chiefof surgery at the Mare Island Hospital inCalifornia.'32. Julius E. Ginsberg was awarded theGold Medal for Educational Value for hisexhibit on "Cutaneous Tumors" at the an­nual meeting of the Illinois State MedicalSocietv.'33.·Noah Barysh has a pediatric practicein New Milford, Connecticut, and is thefather of Herbert, eight, and Ann Deborah,who is five years old.'34. Charles L. Dunham is now the di­rector of the Atomic Energy Commission'sDivision of Biology and Medicine,Albert A. Frank of Malden, Massachu­setts, is the senior physician at the MaldenHospital and reports that he and his familyare well and happy.Frederick F. Stenn is affiliated with theEnglewood Hospital and the Chicago Wes­ley Memorial Hospital and is on the faculty[Colltillurd on page 10]8 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINPSYCHIATRY ONTHE MIDWAYBy WRIGHT ADAMS. M.D.Professor and Chairman,Department of Medicine,The University of ChicagoThe Medical School has a new profes­sor of psychiatry and a new department.Dr. C. Knight Aldrich joined us in Sep­tember of 1955 as professor and chai r­man. By now, having known him for sev­eral months, we feel sure that psychiatryat Chicago is entering a period of rapiddevelopment and great strength.It is generally known that the Univer­sity administration has resisted the for­mation of new departments in the clinicalarea, feeling that excessive fragmentationof the faculty is undesirable. The estab­lishment of the new Department of Psy­chiatry was the result of a recommenda­tion based on careful study by a com­mittee of the Department of Medicine.The department valued its close associ­ation with psychiatry, and previous pro­fessors of psychiatry had preferred tocontinue it. but the organization was un­usual among medical schools of the coun­try and psychiatrists from outside theUniversity who were consulted wereunanimous in the opinion that recruit­ment would be facilitated by the sepa­ration. Because of this the committeerecommended and the administration ap­proved the establishment of the new de­partment. The Department of Medicinehopes that the change will not impede itscontact with psychiatry.Dr. Aldrich came to us from the Uni­versity of Minnesota although he wasborn in Chicago and grew up in Winnet­ka. His family were early Chicago set­tlers. One of his great, great grandfathers.Francis Sherman, founded the ShermanHouse and served as one of the firstrnavors of the city.Dr. Aldrich received his M.D. degreeMARGOLIS ALDRICHfrom Northwestern University in 1940.H" interned at Cook County Hospital inChicago and received his residency train­ing in United States Public Health Serv­ice hospitals at Ellis Island, New York,and Lexington, Kentucky. He served inthe Mental Hygiene Division of the Pub­lic Health Service until 1946, when hejoined the faculty of the University ofWisconsin as an assistant professor ofpsychiatry in the Student Health Service.After a year at Madison he moved to theUniversity of Minnesota with the samerank. In 1951 he was promoted to therank of associate professor.At Minnesota he was especially activein the field of psychiatric education. Hehas many interesting and specific ideasregarding the development of a moreeffective undergraduate curriculum, andthese ideas are proving to be of greatvalue to us. At Minnesota he served asliaison officer between psychiatry andother medical services. This experiencewas doubtless important in developing hisobvious skill in consultations with otherstaff members. His advice and help inthe management of psychiatric problemsamong patients on the medical serviceare much appreciated.Meanwhile the psychiatric staff hasgrown, partly by assimilation of the childpsychiatry service under Dr. John F.Kenward, assistant professor of psychi­atry and pediatrics. Dr. Kenward, analumnus of the University, completedresidencies in both pediatrics and psy­chiatry at Billings. Dr. Kenward's service\\'3S started in August of 1954 and wasdescribed in the Winter 1955 Bulletin.His active, growing program has beenaugmented by the arrival of Dr. S.Thomas Cummings, assistant professorof psychology, in September of 1955. Dr.Cummings W3S educated at Princeton andPittsburgh, receiving his Ph.D. from thelatter. His principal interests are in pro­jective technics and the objective evalu­ation of the results of psychotherapy.Dr. Philip Margolis came in December as assistant professor of psychiatry, Etook his medical work and his resideneat the University of Minnesota, Aft:serving as a Public Health Service felloat Massachusetts General Hospital, he nturned to Minnesota as instructor in psjchiatry. He is currently taking the chi!responsibility for the psychiatry hospitiservice.Dr. H. Waldo Bird is with us ontemporary basis. He has made an excelent contribution in the reorganization (the outpatient clinic. He will leave shorly and this work will be continued ontemporary basis by Dr. Jamie Thompsountil Dr. Harry Trosman returns abetNovember 1 of this year after cornpktion of his military service. Dr. Trosmais familiar to most recent alumni, sinehe went through the residency prograrhere and was serving as an assistant prcfessor when he left to enter militarservice.Mr. John Ham will join the department as assistant professor of psychiatrisocial service on May 15, replacing Mr:Imogene Young, who is leaving to accepa post at the University of MarylancHe comes from an appointment as fiehconsultant for the Institute of JuvenilResearch. He will be of particular hellto Dr. Aldrich in working out the detailof a preclinical program for first- anisecond-year medical students which wilgive them the opportunity to learn interviewing, growth and development, an!family-integrated medical care througldirect contact with patients.Dr. David D. Brockman (who helperthe school out on a part-time basis durin!the fourteen months between Dr. Apter':resignation and Dr. Aldrich's arrival), DrApter, and Dr. James F. Maddux anhelping the department on a part-tim!basis while recruitment of additional funtime faculty proceeds. Drs. A. A. Hilke·vitch, Grahm Baittle, and Leo Sadow givepart-time assistance to the Student HealtlService.CUMMINGSMEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 9The residency program in psychiatry,hich was discontinued after Dr. Apter'sssignation, will be initiated again onuly 1 of this year. It is planned thatie number of residents will be small,laking possible an intensive preceptorialrogram with a maximum of individualrpervision. During the first year of thessidency program the resident will spendx months on inpatient psychiatry andx months on hospital consultation andiagnosis. During this year he will begin) take a few patients for psychotherapynder supervision, and after this yearrom one-quarter to one-third of his time.ill be spent in this work. The rest of theme (except for conferences, seminars,nd teaching responsibilities) will becent in rotation through the outpatientlinic, child psychiatry, neurology andeurosurgery, and Student Health Serv­:e. Arrangements are planned to provideach resident a period of time in resi­ence at one of the state hospitals.Dr. Aldrich has a major interest in theeaching of undergraduate medical stu­ents. He would like psychiatry to havepproximately equal emphasis in each ofae four years of medical school. In therst year, personality development, inter­iewing technics, and the interrelation­hips between the patient, the family, andhe physician would be covered withouttressing psychiatric abnormalities. Inhe second year, psychopathology anditerviewing technics as applied to erno­ionally disturbed patients would bedded. In the clinical years. diagnosis andreatment of psychiatric ills would beaken up and there would be considerablemphasis on the physician's responsibili­ies in psychiatric referral, family reac­ions to illness in general, and the phy­ieian's role in these relationships. Someffort to teach the student to evaluate hiswn reaction in these relationships is·lanned, with the goal of assisting himo maintain objectivity.The hospital service is located on thehird floor of the new West Wing. Thisrill be remodeled shortly to provide alosed unit for disturbed patients and anpen unit for neurotic and convalescentatients as well as for patients underombined supervision of medical and psy­hiatric services. A unit for care of pa­ients who stay all day but who returnorne at night is also being developed.The third floor on the M corridor ad­scent to the hospital space is to be re­iodeled to accommodate offices and thesychiatry outpatient clinic. This arrange­lent is better adapted to psychiatry'special needs than the usual separation offfiee and outpatient space.The Commonwealth Foundation haslade a grant of $500,000 to the Univer­.ty which will be used over a period ofeveral years to support the development[C ontinued on p. IO 1 NEW APPOINTMENTSBAKERWilliam K. Baker became AssociateProfessor of Zoology on October 1. Mr.Baker earned the M.S. and Ph.D. (1948)degrees at the University of Texas wherehe was a National Research Fellow. From1948 to 1952 he was assistant professor ofzoology at the University of Tennessee. Hewas biologist at Oak Ridge from 1951 untilhis arrival here. He served in the Air Forcefrom 1943 to 1946.Mr. Baker's principal responsibilities areteaching advanced courses in genetics andsupervising research for higher degrees. Hisown special interest is in Drosophila ge­netics.KLIENBertha Anne Klien was appointed asso­ciate professor of ophthalmology on July 1.Dr. Klien received her M.D. degree fromthe University of Vienna in 1925. She be­came a member of the faculty of RushMedical College soon after coming to theUnited States and worked closely withE. V. L. Brown here for many years. In1942 she joined the staff of NorthwesternUniversity and subsequently of the Univer­sity of Illinois. Dr. Klien is well known as a remarkablyfine eye pathologist. She is especially expertat the correlation of clinical appearancewith pathology.Dr. Klien has many friends at The Clinicswho are happy to welcome her back toThe University of Chicago.MULLANJohn F. Mullan became assistant pro­fessor of neurosurgery on July 1.In 1947 he received degrees of M.B. andB.A.O. from Queens University, Belfast,Ireland. His postgraduate training, inBelfast and London, was in neurology, psy­chiatry, general surgery, and neurosurgery.He was elected F.R.C.S. (London) in Gen­eral Surgery in 1951.From 1953 to 1955 he did advanced 'post­graduate work in neuroanatomy and neu­rosurgery at the Montreal Neurological In­stitute.RHINESRuth Rhines was appointed associateprofessor of anatomy July 1. Dr. Rhinesearned her B.S., M.S., Ph.D. in Anatomy(1942), and M.D. (1948) from North­western University. She was assistant pro-10 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINPROMOTIONSfessor of anatomy and instructor in med­icine at the University of Pennsylvania fortwo years. Then she served as instructorin medicine at the University of Illinois,resident in medicine at Wood V.A. Hos­pital in Milwaukee, and as assistant med­ical superintendent of the Chicago Munic­ipal Contagious Diseases Hospital. Priorto her appointment here, she was associatein medicine at the University of Pennsyl­vania.Dr. Rhines' research interests are chieflyin the fields of neuroembryology and neuro­physiology. Her work on the reticular for­mation in the brain stem is of fundamentalsignificance and represents important contri­butions to our present knowledge of theextra-pyramidal system. She is co-author,with H. W. Magoun, of Spasticity-TheStretch Reflex and the Extrapyramidal Sys­te nt , published as a monograph in AmericanLectures in Physiology.Extensive teaching experience dating backto her graduate-student days at North­western when she was instructor in anat­omy, eminently qualifies Dr. Rhines as avaluable member of the medical school fac­ulty. Her current teaching responsibilitiesinclude general anatomy and neuroanatomyfor medical and graduate students.PSYCHOLOGY HASNEW CHAIRMANHoward F. Hunt, professor of psychol­ogy. on October 1 became chairman ofthat department by joint appointment inthe Divisions of Biological Sciences andof Social Sciences.1\1r. Hunt received the Ph.D. from theUniversity of Minnesota in 1943. Aftertwo years in the Navy and two years atStanford University, he came here in19-18 as associate professor. His specialHUNTinterest is in the field of conditioning andlearning and the experimental study ofemotional behavior. He is a member ofthe editorial board of the Journal of Clin­ical Psychology. Psychiatry on the Midway-[C ontinued from page 9]of the new program in psychiatry. It willsupplement the usual support which theUniversity can give. It is confidently ex­pected that a program can be developedwith this support that will justify effortsto raise money for a new building to pro­vide an expanded department with largerfacilities.It is becoming evident that Dr. Aldrichhas an unusual capacity to talk to stu­dents and physicians in clear, easily un­derstandable, nontechnical language. Hecan do this without oversimplifying hissubject to the point where substance islost. This is apparent in day-to-day con­versations and is well illustrated in hisnew book, Psychiatry for the Family Pliy­stctan.As this is being written, Dr. Aldrichhas been with us for exactly five months.His accomplishment has been great, bothin concrete developments and in plan­ning. One of the largest of these accom­plishments is the place he has made forhimself in the group, including faculty,house staff, and students.Altogether one senses a strong sense ofenthusiasm and a feeling of confidencethat psychiatry at the University is onthe march. An excellent start has beenmade in five months. Solid plans assurethat it will be much stronger next year.The future looks bright for further de­velopment of the area to its proper largeplace in the Medical School and the Uni­versi ty.Rush Alumni N ews­[Continued from page 7]at the Northwestern University School ofMedicine.'36. Frances E. Brennecke is practicingchildren's orthopedics on a large scale as di­rector of the Crippled Children's Divisionfor the state of Arkansas.'3i. Howard H. Higgs was recentlyelected president of the staff at the BuffaloEye and Ear Hospital.George L. Perkins is assistant clinicalprofessor of psychiatry at the University ofIllinois Medical School.'39. Barton M. Eveleth is practicing inKohala, Hawaii.'40. Gene W. Farthing is affiliated withthe St. Johns and Beerge Hospitals inSpringfield, Missouri.'42. Bernard D. Ross is still engaged inthe private practice of internal medicine inMiami and is assistant professor of physi­ology at the University of Miami School ofMedicine. Professor,'James W. J. Carpender-RadiologyRobert H. Ebert-MedicineHoward F. Hunt-PsychologyGeorge V. LeRoy-MedicineFrank Newell-OphthalmologyHerluf Strandskcv=-ZoologyJulian Tobias-PhysiologyAssociate Professor,'Delbert Bergenstal-MedicinePaul V. Harper-SurgeryHenrietta Herbolsheimer-Medicine -Eugene Kennedy-Ben May LaboratoryAaron Novick-MicrobiologyEric Simmons-Zoology and ArgonneHewson Swift-ZoologyResearch Associate (Associate Professor),'Leonidas Marinelli-Radiology and Argon:National LaboratoryJohn E. Rose-Medicine and Argonne Ntional LaboratoryAssistant Professor,'Charles Barlow-MedicineDonald Benson-AnesthesiologyJames S. Clarke-SurgeryThomas Grayston-MedicineJohn P. Harrod-Obstetrics and Gynecolo]Glen E. Hayden-Obstetrics and GynecoogyDonald King-RadiologyRobert Moseley, Jr.-RadiologyPeter V. Moulder-SurgeryKlara Prec-PediatricsJohn Procknow-MedicineDavid Ruml-MedicineBenjamin Spargo-PathologyFausto Tanzi-MedicineShu-Yung Wang-Zoller ClinicGeorge Wied-Obstetrics and GynecologyResearch Associate (Assistant Professor),'Lawrence Lanzi-RadiologyIrene Pentz-Biochemistry and ArgonneSidney Warshaw-Radiology and ArgonneHarold Werbin-Biochemistry and ArgonnInstructor:David Anderson-OrthopedicsErnest Beutler-MedicineBenjamin Burrows-MedicineRobert E. Carter-PediatricsCharles Clayman-MedicineJ ames Dougherty-OrthopedicsWilliam Enneking-OrthopedicsShirl O. Evans-SurgeryEdwin Tutt Long-SurgeryMyrna Loth-ObstetricsDonald Love-AnesthesiologyFrancesco Manalo-AnesthesiologyDaniel Mitziga-Zoller ClinicAdolph Rosenauer-NeurosurgeryDonald Rowley-PathologyAndrew Thomson-Medicine (Head Resident)Francesco Tolone-RadiologyKenneth Wang-AnesthesiologyFrieda Weiner-Pediatrics (Head ResidentJulius Wenger-MedicineHenry Wildberger-MedicineResearch Associate (Instructor):Richard Nieman-BiochemistryFrank Shemwell-Surgery and ArgonneMEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 11:::arl R. Moore, a ZoologistWho Made a Major Contri­bution to MedicineBy LESTER R. DRAGSTEDT"homos D. Jones Professor and Chairman,Department of SurgeryThe morning was clear and cold, andhe autumn leaves covered the groundvith colors of red, brown, and yellow.vlrs, Edith Moore, her son, Harris, and. small party of friends had come to theummer home of Carl R. Moore in north­.rn Michigan to scatter his ashes in a.rove of white pine trees. The setting wasolemn and beautiful. Harris placed the.shes of his father tenderly under the-racken. Nothing was said, and in the si­ence each of us advanced and coveredhe ashes with cedar boughs and sprays.f scarlet maple. Our hearts were heavy,.ut we knew that our friend was whereIe wanted to be. Dr. Moore had plantedhese trees in front of the north windowIf a little study some two hundred yardslack of the main cottage. In the quiet ofhis retreat in the woods, he spent manylours over his microscope and with hisnanuscripts. Here he did much of thevork that gained him fame as a zoologistnd as an endocrinologist who made anajor contribution to medicine. The sum­ner home was also a place of relaxationnd enjoyment for Dr. Moore. Thirty'ears earlier a small group of faculty hadstablished a summer colony which withriends and associations came to occupymost important place in the lives and.ffections of its members. Carl MooreDyed the open country. He was an ardentnd indefatigable fisherman. He loved to.ork in the woods, to plant trees, and tongage in the many tasks of country life.He was born December 5, 1892, on aarm in Green County, Missouri, andpent his early years there. Although heoved his home and associations in theolony in northern Michigan, he neverergot the scenes of his boyhood andJoked forward to spending years of re­irement on some little farm in theharks. a dream that he never realized.vfter preliminary education in the schoolsIf Springfield, he entered Drury Collegen 1909, coming there under the influence.f an inspiring teacher, C. H. Spurgeon,lead of the department of biology. Therean be no question but that the example.nd teaching of Spurgeon at Drury Col­ege and Frank R. Lillie at The Univer­ity of Chicago were the dominant influ­.nces that shaped the career of Dr. Mooren zoology and in the study of the biologyrf sex. After graduating from Drury Col­ege, he came to the University as a grad­late student and fellow in the department,f zoology in 1914. He received a Ph.D.iegree in 1916 and continued thereafter1 the department, becoming an instruc- MOOREtor in 1918, professor in 1928, and chair­man of the department of zoology in 1934on the retirement of Dr. Lillie. He was avigorous and effective chairman, and un­der his direction the department of zool­ogy continued the enviable record it hadestablished under the leadership of Dr.Lillie as one of the foremost departmentsof zoology in any university. During hislifetime he served in many positions oftrust and on many committees. both inhis university and in national societies.He had firm convictions and expressedhimself with utter candor and withoutfear. He was an excellent teacher, andclass after class of medical students atThe University of Chicago secured theirtraining in embryology under his direc­tion. It is possible that this contact withmedical students insensibly influenced thedirection of Dr. Moore's later invest iga­tions. As a matter of fact, he told thewriter only a short time before his deaththat in his earlier years he had wantedto become a physician. The field of hisinvestigations concerned the biology of sex, the physiology of reproduction, andthe functions of the glands of internal se­cretion. These studies are described inmore than eighty publications in journalsof the biological sciences and in medicine.Early in his career Dr. Moore becameinterested in the internal secretions ofthe sex glands as they affect bodily de­velopment and especially the so-calledsecondary sex organs, such as the pros­tate and seminal vesicles in the male andthe mammary glands in the female. In­numerable experiments involving excisionand transplantation of the gonads wereperformed by Dr. Moore and his asso­ciates, and the effects produced were ex­haustively studied, grossly and micro­scopically. Much of this microscopic workwas done at his summer home. He clearlypointed out that the growth of the pros­tate and seminal vesicles and the matu­ration of the spermatozoa were depend­ent upon the internal secretions of thetestes. These fundamental studies by Dr.Moore formed the physiological basis forthe subsequent researches of Dr. CharlesHuggins when he demonstrated that theremoval of the testes in man exerts a re­tarding effect on the growth of cancersof the prostate. The interrelation betweenthe anterior lobe of the hypophysis andthe gonads also occupied Dr. Moore'sinterest and these studies, together withthose previously mentioned, played alarge role in directing the att ent ion ofinv-estigators to the effect of hormones onso-called target organs or tissues. In con­nection with his work on the sex glands,Dr. Moore became interested in the ste­rility of men with undescended testes. Itoccurred to Dr. Moore that failure of thespermatozoa to develop in testes that re­main within the abdominal cavity mightbe due to the fact that the temperaturewithin the abdomen is greater than in thescrotum. By a series of experiments, hewas able to prove that this inference wascorrect and so established the function ofEndocrine Medal presented to DR. MOORE by the Society for the Study of InternalSecretions.12 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINthe scrotum as a temperature regulatorfor the testes. In later years he turnedhis attention to experimental studies withthe hormones of the ovary and testeswhen these became available.In addition to his work with medicalstudents, thirty-three zoologists securedtheir Doctor of Philosophy degrees, work­ing under the direction of Dr. Moore, andfifteen, the Master's degree. He was amember of the National Academy of Sci­ences, the American Association for theAdvancement of Science, serving as vice­president of Section F in 1943; he was amember of the Society for the Study ofInternal Secretions, serving as presidentfrom 1944 to 1946; and he was a mem­ber of the American Society of Zoolo­gists, serving as vice-president in 1925;and also a member of the American As­sociation of Anatomists and the Ameri­can Society of Naturalists, the Societyfor Experimental Biology and Medicine,the Institute of Medicine of Chicago,Sigma Xi, and the Marine Biological Lab­oratory Association. Many honors cameto Dr. Moore, and among these he prob­ably prized most the Francis AmoryAward of the American Academy of Artsand Sciences in 1941 and the Medal ofthe Endocrine Society with an accorn­panying reward in 1955.No account of Dr. Moure is completewithout reference to his remarkable cour­age and fortitude. As his physician, I cantestify to these traits observed during hislong illness. Of a colleague whom he ad­mired greatly and who suffered from amajor physical handicap for a large partof his life, he once wrote: "Yes. althoughadmirably carrying on in spite of diffi­culty, his days are severely numbered,but you may rest assured that he will goforth from this world figuratively andliterally with his boots on whether he canwalk or not. Such attitudes toward life.such will and determination to fight offmisfortunes of life and never give in, restwith the individual. These attitudes canbe cultivated and their merits are beyondmere idle words in a world so in need ofcourage and conviction."No better statement of Dr. Moore'sgreat spirit can be made than this. RESIDENT NEWSMichinosuke Amano has been appointedassistant professor and chairman of theanesthesia section at Keio University inTokyo, Japan. He has also been electedpermanent councilor and secretary of theJapanese Society of Anesthesia.William Earl Anspach flew to HongKong, China, last October where he deliv­ered a series of lectures on roentgenology.Percival Bailey presided as presidentduring the' annual meeting of the AmericanNeurological Association here in Chicagoon June 13.Robert Bloom, dermatology, has openedhis own practice in Muskegon, Michigan.George Bogardus, Seattle, is now a dip­lomate of the American Board of ThoracicSurgery.Gail R. Broberg is in private practiceof anesthesiology and on the staff of theGarfield Hospital in Monterey Park, Cali­fornia. She is also affiliated with the Al­hambra Community Hospital.Paul Bucy has been elected vice-pres­ident of the Chicago Surgical Society.Walter K. Buhler, chief of general sur­gery at the Institute of Social Security forWorkmen in Rio de Janeiro, is workingwith William Adams for a year as a fel­low in surgery.Maxine T. Clarke has been re-electedsecretary-treasurer of the Chicago Societyof Anesthesiologists.T. Howard Clarke has been promotedto the rank of associate professor at North­western University Medical School.Joaquin Coto has been elected the firstpresident of the "Sociedad de Anestesiologiade El Salvador."Allan B. Crunden, Jr., is now living inMontclair, New Jersey, and is affiliatedwith the Mountainside Hospital.Lester Dragstedt, Jr., is in military serv­ice and stationed in Labrador.Albert M. Dunlap is the author of Be­hind the Bamboo Curtain, with subtitleThe Experiences of an A mel'ican Doctor inComrn unist China. The book was publishedlast October by the Public Affairs Press.John Fahey has been elected presidentof the Chicago Orthopaedic Society.James Henry Ferguson, former assist­ant professor at Tulane University Schoolof Medicine, is now professor of obstetricsand gynecology and chairman of that de­partment at the School of Medicine, Uni­versity of Miami.John Galambos is now in the PublicHealth Service in Atlanta, Georgia.Guy Van Goidsenhoven has returned toBelgium after two years of research withDr. Palmer.Martin E. Gordon resigned as chief 01gastroenterology at the Veterans Admini­stration Hospital in West Haven, Con­necticut, and is now in private practicein New Haven. He is clinical instructor inmedicine at Yale University and the fatherof two children.Doris M. Hunter is a teaching fellow inthe department of psychiatry at the Uni­versity of Pittsburgh and is also a second­year resident in child psychiatry at the Western Psychiatric Institute and. Cliniof the same university.William J. Ironside has returned tScotland where he will be senior registrain otolaryngology at the Edinburgh Roy,Infirmary.Ralph Jones, Jr., has been appointechairman of the department of medicine athe University of Miami School of Medicinin Coral Gable, Florida. He was former!a research associate in urology at ThUniversity of Chicago.Chester Scott Keefer has been appointe,director of the Boston University School 0Medicine.John E. Laura, former intern at Zolleibecame the father of Robert, Francis, aniJohn on June 4, 1955. Yes, they are triplets! ! !Harry H. La Veen is now associate professor of surgery at Chicago MedicaSchool.Joseph leek was recently dischargerfrom the Armed Forces and has returnerto the private practice of otolaryngologjin Duluth, Minnesota.Ruth C. Martin will soon move fronDuke University to Gainesville, Floridawhere her husband, Dr. Sam Martin, wilbecome chairman of the department 0medicine at the University of Florid,College of Medicine.Carlos Mena is practicing anesthesiologyin Mexicali, Mexico.Sidney W. Nelson is now professor anechairman of Ohio State University's depart­ment of radiology in Columbus.Thomas Nelson has returned as seniorassistant resident in surgery here at Bil­lings following his discharge from the armyIrene Neuhauser is president of the Chi­cago Dermatological Society. She is clinicalassociate professor of dermatology at theUniversity of Illinois College of Medicine.Maximilian E. Obermayer, Los Angeles,is president of the Pacific DermatologieAssociation and presided at the annualmeeting of that organization, which washeld in Mexico City last August.Camen R. Paynter, Great Falls, Mon­tana, wrote and said that he really enjoysreading the Alumni Bulletin.Edward S. Petersen has been appointedmedical director of the Montgomery WardClinics at Northwestern University MedicalSchool. He is also the director of thegraduate division of that medical school.Frank W. 'Putnam has been appointedhead of the department of physiologicalchemistry of the University of FloridaCollege of Medicine at Gainesville.Alfonso Topete, Guadalajara, Mexico,was recently elected president of theTerciaria Asamblea Medica del Occidente,which includes both internists and surgeons.Dana Troyer, ophthalmology, has re­turned to private practice with the GaileyEye Clinic of Bloomington, Illinois.Buck Jim Wynne, Jr., has establisheda private practice of internal medicine inDallas, Texas.Clarence E. Yount, Jr., Prescott, Ari­zona, was recently elected treasurer of theArizona Medical Association, Inc.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 13FACULTY NEWSWilliam E. Adams has been elected chair­nan of the American Board of Thoracic'urgery.Wright Adams has been elected to the\merican Board of Internal Medicine.Franz Alexander has been named headIf the psychiatry department at the Mt.;inai Hospital in Los Angeles. He was thelirector of the Chicago Institute for Psy­.hoanalysis and professor of psychiatry athe University of Illinois Medical School.J. Garrott Allen has been elected secre­ary of the Chicago Surgical Society.William Barclay was recently elected tonembership in the American Society for:linical Investigation.Donald Benson, '50, will become chair­nan of the anesthesiology department atohns Hopkins University on July 1Delbert Bergenstal, '47, is on leave withhe Army and is stationed at the National. nstitutes of Health, the Endocrinology·lranch of the National Cancer Institute., p'aul R. Cannon, Rush '25, received an-ronorary Sc.D. degree at the fall convoca­lion of Millikin University. He gave the. ourth Albert Dickinson Memorial Lecturet the Chicago Academy of Sciences.Theodore Case is secretary-treasurer ofhe Central Electroencephalographic Society.Anton J. Carlson has been elected hon­rary president for life of the National So­iety for Medical Research.Gail Dack, '33, is a member of the Na­ional Research Council Group of the Civil)efense Foods Advisory Committee. Thehird revised edition of his book, Food'oisoning, was published on January 27.t includes new problems in chemical andacterial poisoning resulting from the latestiethods of food production and processing.'here. are also new data on fish poisoning,ecently made available by Armed Forces.udies in the Orient.Thomas Dao is now a member of the.merican College of Surgeons.William J. Dieckmann participated inre first Venezuelan Congress of Obstetricsnd Gynecology in Caracas. Albert Dorfman, '44, Sarah Schiller,Lloyd Kozloff, Paul Talalay, H. GuyWilliams-Ashman, and Birgit Venneslandparticipated in the International Congressof Biochemistry in Brussels, Belgium, lastsummer. After the Congress the Dorfmansvisited hospitals and medical schools inParis, Copenhagen, Stockholm, and Oxfordand Cambridge.James Dougherty will leave July 1 topractice in Albany, New York, where hehas accepted an appointment as clinicalinstructor of orthopedics at Albany Med­ical College.Lester Dragstedt, Rush '21, received theWilhelm Conrad Roentgen gold medal forhis Caldwell Lecture, which was given onSeptember 20, when the American RoentgenRay Society met in Chicago.Robert Ebert, '42, will become chairmanof the department of medicine at WesternReserve University as of July 1, 1956 .William Gaukrodger has left ophthal­mology to become a senior in surgery atthe University of Saskatchewan.E. M. K. Geiling has been awarded aGuggenheim grant to carry out studies onthe life and work of John Jacob Abel,founder of the modern science of pharma­cology in the United States. He will beginthe study after his retirement in December,1956.George Gomori was awarded the goldmedal by the American Society of ClinicalPathologists and the College of AmericanPathologists for his many contributions tothe science of clinical pathology.Martin E. Hanke is on leave from thebiochemistry department for two years. Heis head biochemist at the U.S. Naval Med­ical Research Unit, Number Three, inCairo, Egypt. Mrs. Hanke, who was analyt­ical chemist in the department of surgeryhere, has a similar position in Cairo.Daniel Harris, associate professor ofphysiology, is one of the four recipients ofthe Llewellyn John and Harriet Ann Quan­trell Award of $1,000 for excellence in un­dergraduate teaching.The HANKES in Egypt Robert Hasterlik, Rush '38, has beenappointed to the Civil Defense RadiationExposure Subcommittee in Washington andto the Atomic Power Investigating Com­mission of Illinois. He also participated inthe International Conference on the Peace­ful Uses of Atomic Energy in Geneva,Switzerland, last summer, as did AustinBrues and Dwight Clark.Henrietta Herbolsheimer, associate pro­fessor of preventive medicine, has been ap­pointed director of Student Health Service.Paul C. Hodges gave his presidential ad­dress, "Radiology in the Seventh Decade,"at the American Roentgen Ray Societymeeting in Chicago last September ..Charles B. Huggins and C. Phillip Mil­ler are on the special committee on medicalresearch recently named by the NationalScience Foundation to evaluate and reviewHealth, Education, and Welfare's medicalresearch programs.Charles B. Huggins received the annualBorden Award in medical science, presentedbv the Association of American MedicalColleges. He also gave the first WolbachMemorial Lecture of the Children's CancerResearch Foundation in Boston.John Hutchens, chairman of the depart­ment of physiology, is now a fellow of theNew York Academy of Sciences.Dwight Ingle was elected vice-presidentof the Endrocrine Societv at their annualmeeting last June. -Leon O. Jacobson, '39, is vice-presidentof the Society for Research on the Re­ticuloendothelial System He was appointedas an adviser to the United States delega­tion at the International Conference on thePeaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in Geneva,but was unable to attend.Lamont Jennings, assistant professor ofpathology, is in the Army, stationed at theArmed Forces Institute of Pathology inWashington, D.C.Allen T. Kenyon, Rush '26, president ofthe Endocrine Society, presided at the Junemeeting of that organization in AtlanticCity.Albert King, instructor in obstetrics andgynecology, has left to join the WatsonClinic in Lakeland, Florida.Joseph Kirsner has been elected chair­man of the newly formed gastroenterologyresearch group.Heinrich G. Kobrak, professor of oto­laryngological research at Wayne Univer­sity, has undertaken a research project,financed by the Beltone Institute for Hear­ing Research, which involves the studyingof the ,ears of sixty vertebrate and inverte­brate animals.Lloyd Kozloff, biochemistry, received a1955 Lederle Medical Faculty Award,amounting to $18,000 for a period of threeyears.Arlington Krause has been elected chair­man of the Midwest Section of the Asso­ciation for Research in Ophthalmology.Frank Newell has been named secretaryof the Midwest Section.John Lindsay has been elected vice-pres­ident of the American Otological Society.14 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINClayton G. Loosli, '37, was host to theCommission on Influenza of the ArmedForces Epidemiological Board, Departmentof Defense, when they met at The Clinicslast November. The same month he gavethe presidential address at the annual meet­ing of the Central Society for Clinical Re­search, in Chicago.James G. Miller, former professor andchairman of the department of psychology,has gone to Ann Arbor, where he is pro­fessor of psychiatry and head of the newMental Health Research Institute of theUniversity of Michigan Medical School.Cornelius Navori has left Lying-in andis in private practice in Detroit.Frank W. Newell, professor of ophthal­mology, is editor of the new bimonthly pub­lication, "Survey of Ophthalmology." Healso has been re-elected secretary-treasurerof the Chicago Ophthalmological Society.Nicholas Nicolaides, research associatein dermatology, has a Guggenheim Founda­tion fellowship to study for a year at theTechnische Hochschule, Zurich, Switzerland,with Dr. Fritz Laves.Walter L. Palmer, Rush '22, participatedin the "Grand Rounds" closed-circuit tele­vision program on acute abdominal prob­lems.One of the five films selected for showingat the International Film Festival in Edin�burgh, Scotland, last September was JohnF. Perkins, Jr., William E. Adams, andPaul V. Harper's film entitled "RecordingOximeters and Their Applications"John Procknow, '51, assistant professorof medicine, is studying pulmonary histo­plasmosis at the tuberculosis sanatoria ofMacon County, Rockford, and Chicago.Clayton G. Loosli, '37, is directing thcinvestigation.Henry T. Ricketts has been elected pres­ident of the American Diabetes Association.He is a co-founder of the Chicago DiabetesAssociation and has been chairman of theboard of governors of the Institute ofMedicine of Chicago since 1949.Stephen Rothman was the recipient ofthe 1955 award of the Society of CosmeticChemists for his book, Physiology and Bio­chemistry of the Skin. He also has beenappointed chairman of the Subcommitteeon the Cutaneous System, Division of Med­ical Sciences of the National ResearchCouncil.David Ruml leaves July I to go intoprivate practice in Brattleboro, Vermont.Olaf Skinsnes, M.D., Ph.D., '47, on sab­batical leave from the University of HongKong, is visiting professor of pathologyhere this quarter. He spent several monthsin medical schools in Britain and Nor wavbefore coming back to the United State�.He expects to return to Hong Kong in Julyafter visit ing other medical schools in thiscountry.He combines research and public healthwork in leprosy with teaching in the Med­ical College in Hong Kong.Richard Stoughton, '47, won the secondaward for original investigation with hisexhibit, "In Vitro Blister Formation," atthe annual meeting of the American Acad­ernv of Derrnatologv in December.llza Veith was el�cted secretary-treasurerof the American Association of the Historyof Medicine in May. She was also re-electedpresident of the Society of Medical Historyof Chicago. Birgit Vennesland has been appointedto serve on the Molecular Biology Panelof the National Science Foundation.George Wied has been elected an activemember of the New York Academy ofSciences.Friedrich Wassermann, professor emer­itus of anatomy, has been granted a leaveof absence from the Argonne National Lab­oratory so that he may accept a visitingprofessorship for next fall. He is to bevisiting professor of anatomy at the newAlbert Einstein College of Medicine ofYeshiva University In New York. Sincebecoming emeritus in 1949, Dr. Wasser­mann has been visiting professor at theUniversity of Heidelberg in 1952 and atthe University of Frankfurt in 1954.,8'n memoriamKELLOGG SPEED1879�1955With the death of Kellogg Speed onJuly 2, 1955, after a brief illness, the med­ical profession lost one of its outstandingleaders of the last generation. Dr. Speedwas internationally recognized by physiciansand by laymen as one of the great generalsurgeons who was interested in orthopedicsurgery. He himself preferred to be knownas a bone and joint surgeon.He was born in Cleveland on January17, 1879, and was graduated cum laudefrom The University of Chicago in 1901with the degree of B.S. During his under­graduate days, he was one of the greatathletes of the University, especially famedas a football player. His interest in ath­letics and in the University continuedthroughout his life. In 1954 he was givena Distinguished Service Award from theMedical Alumni Association of The Uni­versity 0 f Chicago, having been previouslyawarded a citation from the University in1942.Throughout the year following his gradu­ation from college he served as a GraduateFellow in chemistry, and after he receivedhis M.D. degree from Rush Medical Collegein 1904 he spent some time in study at theUniversity of Leipzig and in travel in Rus­sia and the Scandinavian countries.He was associate in surgery at RushMedical College from 1905 to 1908 and thentransferred his teaching activities to North­western University. From 1912 to 1933 hewas attending surgeon at Cook CountyHospital where, with Dr. William Cub bins,he was a prime mover in establishing theirfracture service. In connection with thisservice, and following his motto, "splintfractures where they are," he was instru­mental in having first-aid equipment in­stalled in police cars and ambulances inChicago. Among his original surgical meth­ods are reduction of shoulder dislocation,fusion of the hip joint, and the anteriorapproach to vertebral bodies. Referring tofracture of the neck of the femur, he orig­inated the phrase "the unsolved fracture"in the oration he delivered in 1934 beforethe clinical congress of the American Col­lege of Surgeons. In 1919 he. returned to the facultyRush Medical College where he remainuntil his retirement.His military service was extensive. Iwent overseas in 1916 with the rankHonorary Lieutenant Colonel, Royal ArrMedical Corps, as head of the MurplUnit, which was placed in commandGeneral Hospital Twenty-three, B.E.F.,Etaples, France. Later he was invalidhome from Belgium where he had acquira serious hand infection. When the Unit,States entered the war in 1917 he return:to France as Major, advancing to ,Lietenant Colonel, M.C., in charge of the Sugical Division of United States Base HospitTwelve, which took over General HospitNumber 18, B.E.F., in May, 1917. In 19:he worked in various mobile hospitals arevacuation centers in the Aisne-MarnSomme, Lys, St. Mihiel, and MeusArgonne areas. The British and the UnittStates governments decorated him for hmilitary work.He was a founder-member of the Arneican Board of Surgery and the AmericaBoard of Orthopedic Surgery. He wasmember of the special committee on fra:tures of the American Medical Associatiofrom 1936 to 1951 and its chairman Iroi1938 to 1951. For more than twenty yea:he was chairman of the Chicago Region:Fracture Committee and a member of thNational Committee on Fractures of thAmerican College of Surgeons.In addition to the many surgical anorthopedic societies to which he belongerhe was a member of the Board of Governors of the American College of Surgeonand a Trustee of Rush Medical College.Kellogg Speed will always be remernbereas a great teacher-in the surgical amphitheater, in the classroom-and, for thgraduate physician, through his many publications and lectures..sn memoriamDudley Billings Reed died lastJune 29 at the age of severity-six ofcoronary disease.Dr. Reed was born in Medina,Ohio. He graduated from ColumbiaUniversity College of Physicians andSurgeons in 1908. He joined the fac­ulty of the University of Chicagoin 1911 as assistant professor ofphysical culture. Two years later hebecame associate professor, and in1927, professor of hygiene in the De­partment of Medicine and directorof the Student Health Service. Heremained the director until his re­tirement in 1945. In recent years hewas on the Board of Governors ofthe Allen Hospital in Oberlin, Ohio.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 15REPORT FROM DEAN OF STUDENTSTHE FRESHMAN CLASS-1955The freshman class which entered ourSchool of Medicine in the fall of 1955oresents the following interesting statis­.ics, Its students, eight women and sixty­'our men, come from forty different col­eges and universities. As would be ex­oected, our own College contributed theargest number, twenty-four, or one-thirdif the class. Four students each came.0 us from Cornell University and theJniversity of Illinois, while the Univer­.ity of California, Harvard University,md the University of Minnesota each.upplied two. Thirty-four additional.chools provided one student each, and.he following list of these schools illus­.rates the wide geographic distribution ofhe class:Alfred UniversityAugustana CollegeBeloit CollegeUniversity of BridgeportCalvin CollegeCarleton CollegeUniversity of ConnecticutDartmouth CollegeDavis and Elkins CollegeUniversity of DenverDePauw UniversityEarlham CollegeHobart CollegeCollege of IdahoIowa Wesleyan CollegeKalamazoo CollegeLoyola University (Chicago)University of MichiganMichigan State UniversityMontana State CollegeNew York UniversityNorth Central CollegeNorthwestern UniversityUniversity of PennsylvaniaPurdue UniversityQueens CollegeReed CollegeRutgers UniversityStanford UniversitySwarthmore CollegeTemple UniversityVassar CollegeWest Virginia UniversityYale UniversityMost of the entering students werether twenty-one or twenty-two years of�e, but the average age was closer toventy-three, and actually the age spreadctended from a pair of young men nine­.en to a thirty-year-old Ph.D. The scho­stic grade averages compiled by theeshmen while they were premedical stu­ents ranged from A to C +, wi th the ma­.rity achieving academic records of B or.tter in their respective colleges. Five- sixths of the entering freshmen had atleast a Bachelor's degree at the time theyentered our medical school; in addition,four students had earned Master's de­grees and four others had done graduatework leading to a Ph.D. degree in a basicscience .One-third of the entering students camefrom families in which neither parent at­tended college. On the other hand, wellover one-half of the students came fromCEITHAMLfamilies in which one or both parents hadgraduated from college. Six members ofthe class were sons of college professors.while ten of the entering students couldclaim a physician for a father. Of theeight women in the class, four were mar­ried-one to a fellow freshman medicalstudent, another to a junior medical stu­dent, a third to a medical student in an­other medical school in Chicago, and thefourth to one of our premedical studentswho will enter our medical school nextfall. None of these married women stu­dents has any children. Of the males inthe class, twelve are married and. ofthese, three have children, two, two, andone, respectively. Eleven of the sixty­four men have had military service priorto their entrance into medical school andfive of our male students came from for­eign lands (France, Germany. Estonia.Guatemala, and Singapore). although allreceived their premedical education inthis country and, except for the studentfrom Singapore, all are, or plan to be.American citizens.Last year the Committee on Admis­sions, after an exhaustive and painstakingstudy of the many hundreds of applicantsfor admission, selected the seventy-twostudents who constitute the class of 1959,and the Committee was confident that this class would become a worthy succes­sor to the classes which preceded it. Onthe basis of its excellent performance,both scholastic and otherwise, during theAutumn Quarter, 1955, its first quarter inmedical school, the class of 1959 givesevery indication that it warrants thisconfidence.JOSEPH CEITHAML, PH.D.Dean oj Students,Division oj Biological SciencesON LOAN FUNDSThe Medical Alumni Loan Fund cele­brates its second anniversary. This fundwas established by the Medical AlumniAssociation in January, 1954, with atransfer of $2,860 from the treasury ofthe Association for that purpose. Almostat once gifts were received from individ­ual alumni for this loan fund-at firstonly a few scattered gifts but quicklymore and more, so that, at the time of itssecond birthday, $5,180 in gifts has beenadded to the original sum, for a total of$8.040. Without a question, this particularloan fund has been growing faster thanany other we have.The importance of this fund is evidentfrom the fact that on January 1, 1956,$7.27 5 was already out on loan, and, bythe time you read this report, the remain­ing $765 will also have been put to gooduse. In fact. right now the total cash onhand available for loans to medical stu­dents in all of our different medical stu­dent loan funds is less than $6.000.To date. twenty-one different studentshave received aid from the Medical Alum­ni Fund. Each of the loans, averagingabout $350. has enabled a student to de­vote more time to his medical studiesthan would otherwise have been possible.Although it is really too early to expectany repayment of these loans, one partialrepayment. totaling $200. already hasbeen made. and. since seven of the indi­viduals who have received loans fromthis fund have already graduated. and sixothers are now seniors. it won't be longbefore this will become a truly revolvingloan fund.Students recognize and appreciate thisalumni aid-two graduates of 1954 andone of ·1955 have already made contribu­tions to "their" Medical Alumni LoanFund. The present medical student bodyis grateful to the alumni for their finan­cial assistance and. on behalf of the med­ical student body. I express heartfeltthanks on this the second anniversary ofthe establishment of the Medical AlumniLO�Jn Fund.JOSEPH CEITHAML, PH.D.Dean oj Students.Division of Biological Sciences16 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINLOWELL T. COGGESHALL; MAJOR GENERAL HOWARD McC. SNYDER, the Presi­dent's physician; SURGEON GENERAL LEONARD A. SCHEELE, Public Health Service;and MARION B. FOLSOM, Secretary of Healrh, Education, and Welfare.DEAN CALLED TO WASHINGTONOn January 1, 1956, Lowell T. Cogge­shall, Dean of the Division of BiologicalSciences, became special assistant to theSecretary of Health, Education. and Wel­fare by appointment of President Eisen­hower.During his leave from the University,Dean Coggeshall remains in close contactwith divisional affairs. Vice-President R.Wendell Harrison, formerly Dean of theDivision, is here to assist Associate DeansGeorge V. LeRoy and Merle C. Coulterin the administration of the office.Lowell Thelwell Coggeshall was bornMay 7. 1901, in Saratoga, Indiana, theson of William E. and F. Anne (Warren)Coggeshall. He was educated at IndianaUniversity, receiving his A.B. degree in1922, A.M. in 1923, M.D. in 1928, andL.L.D. (honorary) in 1948. On May 15,1930, he married Louise Holland, also agraduate of Indiana University. Theyhave three children: Richard, Diane, andCarol.From 1923 to 1928, Dr. Coggeshalltaught zoology at Indiana University andthe University of Wisconsin, anatomy atIndiana, and biology at Winona NormalCollege. During the summers of 1924.1025, and 1926 he was Special StaffMember of the Rockefeller FoundationInternational Health Board.He first came to Chicago in 1928 tointern at Billings Hospital; he remainedon the faculty in medicine until 1935when he became Staff Member of theRockefeller Foundation, InternationalHealth Division, at the Rockefeller Insti­tute for Medical Research. In 19·+1-42he was professor of epidemiology andchairman of the Department of TropicalDiseases at the School of Public Healthat the University of Michigan. He wasgiven leave of absence in 1942 to servethe government in the planning and es- tablishing of the medical services alongthe air routes in Africa, the Middle East,India, and China.In addition to being a Special Con­sultant to the Secretary of War duringWorld War II, he served in the U.S.Naval Reserve Medical Corps and wascommissioned as Captain on January 29.1944. He was in charge of a 5,000-bedhospital in Klamath Falls, Oregon, wherehe directed the study and treatment of'malaria and filariasis of Marine andNaval personnel. For this work he wasawarded the Gorgas Medical Award bythe Association of Military Surgeons anda commendation with medal from theU.S. Navy.In 1946 Dr. Coggeshall returned toThe University of Chicago as professorand chairman of the Department ofMedicine and in 1947, in addition, he wasmade Dean of the Division of BiologicalSciences. Two years later he resigned thechairmanship to devote full time to hisposition as dean.The eight years of Dr. Coggeshall'sdeanship have seen growth of The Clinicsfor the first time since the early thirties.The completion of the Nathan GoldblattMemorial Hospital, of the Argonne Can­cer Research Hospital, and of the Gil­man Smith Hospital and West Wing pro­vide much more than added beds for pa­tients' care. Facilities for teaching under­graduate students and for graduate train­ing programs are greatly improved. Fa­cilities for research' in cancer, in infec­tious diseases. and in cardiology have beenspecifically and generously expanded.Many of the other clinical branches havealready benefited in varying degree andplans for future improvements are in theblueprint stage. The next planning willbe to improve facilities in the fields of thebasic biological sciences. It is easy to see why Dean Coggesh:has been called to Washington to assiSecretary Folsom in planning on a ntional scale. Since he is only on leave Iabsence, the Editorial Board feels free')say that Mr. Eisenhower couldn't halmade a better choice.OJ Plans and Men-[Continued from page 6]can be spared for catastrophe, but insuance premiums are the year's financi,hurdle. Luckily the new baby is almo:paid for by the Blue Cross!Naturally, in this economy, childle:wives usually work, and those withchild or two may have to, at least paltime. As many of the men would aver,is often the courage of their wives whiehas made it possible for them to stick.It is for this group that rem odeleapartments and increases of salary prorrise something close to heaven. Lessenedemands on his time or a desk or evea study of his own will further the yo unscholar's development. Access to the increased facilities of his department 0group will speed up his scientific maturity just as contacts with his colleaguewill help him to clarify his thinking. It iwhen the young man's own idea emergethat it may need testing before funds foa specific program can be sought. Helperby new funds for research. and helpermore speedily by the unrestricted monelnow available, our scientist is on his wayHe might have stayed a long time working on a problem ancillary to anotherman's without learning whether he trulyknew his own abilities. Now, he soon find:out. He knows that he must only satisfyhimself to justify the faith of his spon­sors and of his University which believe,in trusting its investigators.ELEANOR M. HUMPHREYS, M.D.BULLETINof the Alumni AssociationThe University of ChicagoEDITORIAL BOARDELEANOR M. HUMPHREYS, ChairmanWRIGHT ADAMS L. T. COGGESHALLROBERT H. EBERT ROBERT J. HASTERLIKHUBERTA LIVINGSTONE CLAYTON LOOSLIPETER V. MOULDER WALTER L. PALMERJESSIE BURNS MACLEAN, SecretarySCHOOL OF MEDICINE950 East Fifty-ninth Street, Chicago 37, IllinoisVOL. 12 WINTER 1956 No.2Subscription with membership:Annual, $4.00 Life, $60.00