Volume 10 SPRING 1954 Number 3MEDICINE AND THEEDUCATIONALPROCESSBy LAWRENCE A. KIMPTONChancellor, The University of ChicagoAn address delivered to the AmericanCollege of Physicians in Chicago onApril 8, 1954.I feel honored to be asked to addressthe top of a profession for which I havegreat respect and admiration. Lest I bemisunderstood, perhaps I should addthat, like a happy marriage, I love youin sickness and in health.The general chairman of your Thirty­lifth Annual Session made the error oflaying that I could talk about anything[ chose. For some reason, the completelayman with such an open invitation is:lrawn irresistibly to speak about alearned profession; and with an igno­rance which will shortly become con­spicuous, I propose to address myself.his evening to the topic of the medicalorofession and medical education. I have.arefully avoided making any detailedoreparation for these remarks so that mysrrors will flow strictly from ignorancemd not from misinformation. I am surehe problems I shall discuss are not onlyvell known to you but probably a longvay down the road toward solution.�erhaps there is a certain value, how­.ver, in the irresponsible statements ofhe layman who takes a short and unin­'orrned look at the profession and the.ducation which produces it.It is increasingly evident to everyonehat the physician within the last quar­er of a century has assumed a positionIf new leadership within our community.-Ie has always, of course, reflected thereliefs, the knowledge, and the ethics oflis time. But in more recent years thelergyman, the educator, the lawyer, andhe businessman have been progressive­y disfigured in the public eye, and thecientist and the practitioner of scienceave risen in public esteem. With thercrease of the life-span through thelimination of most serious childhoodiseases, with the development of theew antibiotic wonder drugs, with thercreasing public awareness of diseasend the concerted attacks being made It seemed to us that, with all the recent construction of hospitals and equipment ofwhich we have been showing you picrnres, we may have given you the idea that youwouldn't know the old place. But there are a great many fine things about Billings thatdo not change, for instance, this view from the sixth floor across the Midway on aday in May.upon it, the medical profession has comeinto a position of renewed respect, ven­eration, and inevitable leadership. Theword of the physician carries a newweight and authority, and his judgmentshave an impact that extends far beyondthe profession. A secret drug alleged tohave an effect on cancer can upset auniversity, convulse a community, andunsettle the politics of a state legislature.A few pronouncements with regard to acause of carcinoma of the lung can para­lyze a large and prosperous Americanindustry. Public confidence in medicineis so great that dollars roll and dimesmarch into combat against polio, heartdisease, cancer, and multiple sclerosis.This is an age of science, and, if weleave out the atomic physicist, the physi- cian ranks first as scientist, philosopher,and the savior of mankind.If this is an age in which leadershipis expected of the medical profession,how well adapted is medical educationto the training of leaders? From thelayman's viewpoint, I am unimpressed.Nobody knows with any finality thenature of an educational program whichtrains leaders; but I think none of uswould hesitate to say that such a pro­gram should contain a maximum of thegeneral and humanizing studies that ac­quaint the student with the wisdom ofthe past and give him a broad knowledgeof the present. It is generally thoughtthat education for leadership not onlymust impart factual knowledge but mustdevelop real creativity-somehow through2 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINthe educational process the mind mustbe informed and the creative imagina­tion sharpened so that they can takewing together in disciplined flight. Thedoctor as leader should know the trueand the good, and it would do no harmif he appreciated the beautiful. But I,for one, am shocked by the typical pre­medical curriculum. Youngsters present­ing themselves for candidacy to ourmedical schools show a monotonous andunvarying stereotype of training involv­ing prescribed units of physics, mathe­matics, chemistry, biology, and theirmore modern combinations. Of course,there is some freedom of electionallowed, but there is a list of so-called"recommended" subjects-chiefly fromthe sciences-and, such being the diffi­culty of entrance to our medical schools,the youngster plays it safe and does notmonkey around with cultural coursesthat the admissions committees do notpay any attention to anyway. The typi­cal premedical curriculum runs a seriousrisk of educating out of the student thecreativity, the critical appreciation, theability to think, which are so necessary'a part of leadership. Premedics even be­gin to look and speak alike. As for thelater medical training, it must producecompetent, technically trained physi­cians, and there can be little room inthis part of the program for a liberaleducation. I suggest, therefore, that wemay not be educating our doctors for theposition of leadership to which they arebeing called by the times and that weneed to take a long look particularly atpremedical training to see if somethingcan't be done.Now I am well aware of the answermade to this criticism. There is an in­creasing amount of scientific backgroundnecessary to begin the training of themedical scientist. It is simply the casethese days that he needs to know a greatdeal of biology, chemistry, and physics,as well as biochemistry, biophysics, andeven higher mathematics. But where isthe end of getting started to be a doc­tor? There is no good medical schooltoday that does not require four yearsof training beyond the premedical cur­riculum. Add a year of internship re­quired by the state licensing boards, andthe average age of the young doctorready to begin the practice of medicineis about twenty-seven. With the relative­ly recent and rapid growth of the spe­cialty boards, three to five years ofresidency training are required, and theaverage age of the neophyte ready toenter practice creeps up to over thirtyyears. I am reliably informed that fewmen pass the American Board of Inter­nal Medicine before thirty-two and thatalmost no one under this age is able toqualify for membership in your College.I pass over the acute economic and so­ciological problems created by the Amer- ican College of Physicians in admittingonly those who have taken the vow ofpoverty, if not of chastity. What con­cerns me most is that this period oftraining includes the most valuable yearsof a man's creative life. If the physicianis to assume the position of leadershipwhich we demand of him, can he spendthese years of greatest vigor and creativ­ity in training? I trust I may express thehope that if specialization continues togrow, as it seems likely to, educationalmethods will be found which will enablethe student to compress his essentialtraining into fewer years and so get onwith the serious business of practice, in­vestigation, and leadership.Since I have already ventured a longway into an unknown territory, let mego a little further into this troublesomematter of specialization. In the strangeand lonely job of Chancellor of a majoruniversity, I am thrown daily into casualand serious contact with men and wom­en of widely diverse backgrounds andinterests. I sense, or think I sense, thefact that the difficulties of intense spe­cialization are being overcome in thebasic disciplines of the physical and thebiological sciences. The physicist, thechemist, and the biologist are becomingindistinguishable; and biophysics andbiochemistry, with new concepts andwith radioactive tracers and high radia­tions as new techniques, are bringing allthe people in the natural sciences intoincreased communication and co-opera­tion. I observe a Nobel Prize winner inphysics doing remarkable work in thefield of photosynthesis, and I see a phys­iologist working closely with a physicalchemist on the problem of enzyme ab­sorption.But when I talk to the members ofthe medical profession I sense, or thinkI sense, a decreasing mutual understand­ing. The diagnostic radiologist, the bonesurgeon, the psychiatrist, the hematolo­gist, seem to have less and less to sayto one another. I hope this is the illu­sion of the layman, who doesn't under­stand what they are talking about in anycase. Perhaps to the extent that it istrue, I am appealing to you internistswho are central to the profession toserve as the medium of communicationand to see to it that your profession doesnot fragment itself and endanger yourscience and the health of our nation. Iconfess to a troubled reaction to thestory of the psychiatrist, who, havingcompleted his diagnosis, said to his pa­tient, "There is nothing in the worldwrong with you. It's all in your body."There is another kind of fragmenta­tion of your profession which is at oncemore disturbing and more intangiblethan the one I have just mentioned. Ishall call it, for want of a better phrase,the disappearance of the horse-and­buggy doctor. I grew up in that part of the country where Dr. Hertzler liveand practiced and I knew him well­tall, gaunt frame, with the weary ey:of one who had fought through marsnowdrifts to save lives and perforoperations under conditions that woube deemed impossible today. He and hkind have almost disappeared. They manot have been great doctors judged bcontemporary medical standards, bithey were great men, and they had sormthing that the medical profession todaruns a risk of losing. The horse-ancbuggy doctor was a member of eacfamily he attended; he had a deep anwarm human sympathy and understancing ; and, above all else, he had completmoral integrity. He either developethese characteristics, or he did not laslong in the profession. He could nchesitate where a human life was corcerned. He probably would not have understood what we refer to as "social conscience," but he had it and his life wacompletely dedicated to the public gOO(The conditions under which he workeand which made him great have all budisappeared in the modern urban practice. The doctor today is a scientist,specialized technician, and a businessman. He is surrounded by Iaboratorassistants, highly specialized devices fomaking a diagnosis, and large clinics tlwhich referrals are made. The greatnesof modern medicine lies in its sciencebut science is cold and hard and objective. It knows nothing of principles 0social conscience or the warmth of human understanding. And the moderrdoctor has little opportunity in his practice to acquire these necessary virtuesBut the horse-and-buggy doctor had tcacquire them to survive. If the medicaprofession is to continue its position olleadership, it must early inculcate thesevirtues that were once produced by med­ical practice; and here I return again toeducation. The training of our doctorsmust provide for a deep sense of socialresponsibility, a warm understanding ofmen, and moral integrity. Science hastransformed the profession so that edu­cation must supply some characteristicsand virtues which the practice of theprofession itself once made mandatory.I hope that you will forgive me forsome rather critical remarks. I am con­fident that, to the extent that they arevalid, you have sensed the problems andhave taken steps toward their solution.Our times have called your profession toa new position of responsibility and lead­ership. Medical education must reflectthis. The obligation to determine thecontent and the method for such an edu­cation rests in your hands. Your profes­sion is held in such esteem that yoUmay requisition the resources of the na­tion, but you will be held to account fortheir use. As an educator I am at yourservice, and as a layman I wish you well.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 3J ames Bryan Herrick1861-1954By ERNEST E. IRONS, M.D., Rush, '03Seldom are there combined in oneman so many attributes of greatness aswere exemplified in Dr. Herrick-schol­arship, culture, professional competence,thoroughness, scientific interest, integrity.And yet his was the greatness of sim­plicity.He was a great physician who inspiredthe well-merited trust of his patients byhis knowledge and ability and by hiskindliness and understanding of theirtroubles. His scholarship extended be­yond medicine and was based on a soundacademic preparation in the Oak ParkHigh School, Mount Morris Academy,and the University of Michigan, fromwhich he received his A. B. degree in1882. There followed several years ofhigh-school teaching and then his grad­uation in medicine from Rush MedicalCollege in 1888. His internship in theCook County Hospital and ten years ofgeneral practice in the horse-and-buggydays provided the clinical basis on whichwas built his lifework.Dr. Herrick was always interested inthe techniques of physical diagnosis. Byhis painstaking care with each patienthe developed an accuracy which enabledhim to arrive at safe conclusions in dif­ficult cases; his diagnostic ability wasparticularly evident in diseases of theheart and lungs; one of his earliest pa­pers concerned the physical signs ofvalvular heart disease, written while stillan intern. At that time few laboratoryaids were known; empiricism and tradi­tion still lingered in medicine. Labora­tory procedures, such as blood and uri­nary examinations, were crude, and theX-ray was unknown. In this period hewrote his first book, A Manual oj Physi­cal Diagnosis.Colleagues and patients quickly learned of his skill in diagnosis, and increasingcalls for consultation as well as his in­creasing hospital responsibilities on thestaffs of Presbyterian and Cook Countyhospitals, and teaching duties in RushMedical College, made it necessary in1900 for him to give up his generalpractice.His clinics in the College were modelsof sound medical instruction. The innercouncils of the College profited greatlyby his sound judgment and advice incritical times. He was a stimulatingforce in improving medical educationduring the revolutionary changes of thereform period 1900-1912.In the hospital his influence grew andcontributed in major degree to the spiritof human service combined with expertcare which has always been the soul ofthe Presbyterian Hospital.Dr. Herrick was by nature cautious,sensitive, and modest. These qualitiescombined with a critical scientific senseled him to be severely critical of hisown work. In 1908 there entered thePresbyterian Hospital a Jamaican Negrowhose blood examination showed a pecul­iar crescent-like shape of the red cells,a condition now known as sickle-cellanemia. We had never seen anythinglike this before, and Dr. Herrick delayedhis report until all sorts of tests to ex­clude artifacts were repeated again andagain.He was equally conscientious in thecare of his patients. One day he askedme to see one of his patients in consul­tation. After introducing me. he left theroom. I was puzzled as to why he shouldcall in his junior, but proceeded with theexamination. The diagnosis lay betweencalculus in the right ureter and appendi­citis. 1 gave him my opinion, still em­barrassed that the Chief had called mein for what seemed to be a clear diag­nosis. "That is my opinion also," he said."But why did you call me?" He replied:"1 have seen this patient over and overand feared that 1 might have overlookedsome point of vital importance."Recognition of the symptoms andsigns which characterize the conditionnow known as coronary occlusion willgo down in history as the most impor­tant scientific medical accomplishmentof Dr. Herrick. Scientific curiosity as tothe meaning of what he saw, his longexperience and expertness in physicaldiagnosis, and his clinical acumen guidedhim to the correct conclusion.Sudden obstruction by blood clot orembolism of the coronary arteries sup­plying the muscle of the heart had longbeen recognized as a cause of sudden orrapid death, often following attacks ofangina pectoris or "heart pang." Experi­mentally, ligation of the coronary arter­ies in animals likewise caused suddendeath, although some survived for a fewhours or days. After reviewing these facts in his classic paper of 1912, "Clini­cal Features of Sudden Obstruction ofthe Coronary Arteries," Dr. Herrickcontinued:"But there are reasons for believingthat even large branches of the coronaryarteries may be occluded-at timesacutely occluded-without resultingdeath, at least death in the immediatefuture. Even the main trunk may attimes he obstructed and the patient live.It is the object of this paper to presenta few facts along this line and particu­larly to describe some of the clinicalmanifestations of sudden yet not im­mediately fatal cases of coronary ob­struction."Before presenting the clinical fea­tures of coronary obstruction it may bewell to consider certain facts that go toprove that sudden obstruction is notnecessarily fatal. Such proof is affordedby the study of the anatomy of thenormal as well as the diseased heart, byactual experiment and by bedside expe­rience."It was this bedside experience whichenabled Dr. Herrick to sketch the clin­ical picture of coronary obstruction, tomake possible its general recognition,and to show that. even after a severeattack, recovery under rational therapywith years of subsequent useful lifemight be realized.A few months later, through the grati­tude of a patient. an Einthoven stringgalvanometer, recently invented for thestudy of hea rt lesions and the forerun­ner of present electrocardiographs, wasinstalled in Dr. Herrick's office, andshortly afterward a second instrumentwas placed in the Presbyterian Hospitalfor the study in animals of experi­mentally produced coronary occlusion.This was the beginning of the recog­nition of acute coronary occlusion inChicago. Recognition of the conditionwas based on clinical observation andexperience; laboratory accessories camelater. Six years were to elapse beforethe full significance of this work in thecare and prolongation of life of patientswith this form of heart trouble was ap­preciated and accepted by the medicalprofession. Meanwhile, Dr. Herrick con­tinued his observations and maintainedhis original thesis.Dr. Herrick's bibliography comprisesover two hundred medical titles, as wellas a number of medical notes and dis­cussions and papers on medical educa­tion. The medical reports dealing withinfectious diseases recall their formerprevalence in Chicago, illustrated by"Observations Based on Experience withNearly One Thousand Cases of TyphoidFever" and "Epidemic Cerebro-spinalMeningitis in Chicago." He wrote alsoon tuberculosis, blastomycosis, influenza,and malaria. Other titles indicate hisbroad clinical interest during the early4 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINyears of practice and teaching: exoph­thalmic goiter, cretinism, myeloid leuke­mia, arteriosclerosis, pernicious anemia,nephritis, melanosarcoma, stomach ul­cer, diabetes, ulcerative endocarditis, in­termittent claudication, chronic acetan­ilid poisoning, rheumatoid arthritis. Thiscatholicity of clinical interest disappearsin the bibliography of later years, and,although the number of titles is undi­minished, they concern the heart almostexclusively.In addition, Dr. Herrick contributedseveral monographs to English and Ger­man commemorative volumes and sys­tems of medicine. In "A Short Historyof Cardiology" he outlined the growthof medical knowledge of the heart, forwhich his wide reading and research inmedical biography furnished a uniquepreparation.Dr. Herrick was a member of theChicago Literary Club for some fortyyears and contributed a number of pa­pers on nonmedical subjects, such as"My Summers in a Garden," "Why IRead Chaucer at Sixty," "The Story ofa Good Boy."Few men have received the formal butheartfelt approbation of colleagues ascontinually as did Dr. Herrick. His genu­ineness, modesty, and the high qualityof all he did inspired admiration. Theseencomiums began as early as 1895 andcontinued throughout his life.He was one of the founders of theInstitute of Medicine of Chicago andits president; a founder and first presi­dent of the Chicago Society of InternalMedicine. He served as president of theSociety of Medical History of Chicago,the American Association for the His­tory of Medicine, the Association ofAmerican Physicians, and the AmericanHeart Association.Among other honors bestowed on Dr.Herrick were the honorary degree ofDoctor of Laws by the University ofMichigan in 1932, the degree of Doctorof Science by the University of Chicagoin 1939, and by Northwestern Univer­sity in 1940; the Distinguished ServiceMedal of the American Medical Asso­ciation; the Kober Medal by the Asso­ciation of American Physicians; theGold Headed Cane by the Departmentof Medicine of the University of Cali­fornia; Mastership of the American Col­lege of Physicians.Universal public confidence in his in­telligence, judgment, and integrity dic­tated his appointment as medical repre­sentative with other prominent citizensto the District Appeal Board in the ad­ministration of the draft in World WarI. He served also on the Board of Trus­tees of Lewis Institute, later merged withArmour Institute to form the IllinoisInstitute of Technology. He was a trus­tee of the John McCormick Institute forInfectious Diseases from its inception and served for years on the directorateof an important neighborhood bank.Dr. Herrick was deeply religious butwithout cant; he lived his religion. Hewas tolerant of the beliefs and opinionsof others. This tolerance was evident inall situations except where questions ofhonesty either financial or intellectualwere involved. During my close associa­tion with Dr. Herrick as hospital assist­ant and later colleague, for over fiftyyears I never heard him speak harshlyof anyone except in instances involvingdeviations from truth and honesty-withsuch persons he would have nothing to do.Dr. Herrick was a just man. He wasnever aggressive, but he always main­tained his position on what he believedwas right. His strong sense of justicewas recognized by his colleagues, andfor years he served on the JudicialCouncil, the Supreme Court, of theAmerican Medical Association.A keen sense of humor and a remark­able ability to imitate almost any dia­lect afforded relaxation and entertain­ment, usually reserved for his closerfriends. Sometimes after a tiring officehour or a hard day's work or in a smallgroup when discussions had become atrifle acrid, Dr. Herrick would relievethe tension by some light remark inwhich humor bubbled over. The dia­logues of "Potash and Perlmutter" andthe "Mr. Dooley" of Finley Peter Dunnewere among his favorites.Unlike many, he was able to accept ajoke on himself. He once related howyears ago after much labor he had com­pleted a monograph on a medical sub­ject, and anxiously awaited the expectedreview in a German medical periodical.At last it came, all too brief: "Nichtsneues."In Memories of Eighty Years Dr.Herrick tells his life-story and the col­lateral story of medicine in Chicago,with its faults, failures, and triumphs,together with kindly but searchingly in­cisive references to many professionalcolleagues. At eighty-seven, despite hisdislike of the inconveniences of old age,he was still able to write of the humor­ous side of growing old. At ninety-onehe attended a meeting of the Society ofInternal Medicine, and up to a fewweeks before his final illness he madeperiodic trips to the University Club.Physical frailty, failing sight and hear­ing, gradually increased his dependenceon the devoted care and encouragementof Mrs. Herrick, his companion for six­ty years. Each year for thirty years theyjourneyed to their summer home inDorset, Vermont, where they could meetwith their children and their familiesand where Dr. Herrick could overseeand enjoy his garden at the foot of hisreforested mountain. Here, according tohis wish, is his final earthly resting place.Throughout a long life of usefulness to mankind, he cared for the bodily illand personal troubles of innuinerablpatients; he flourished as a great clinician and medical scientist; he grew 01as a scholar and philosopher. In hirwere personified kindliness, honesty, dignity, professional competence, and scholarship.In the words of his beloved Chaucer"He was a verray parfit Knight."I RUSH ALUMNI NEWS'28. Everett W. Campbell is in generapractice in Detroit. His older son, Oliverwho was named for Dr. Oliver Ormsby, i:a first-year medical student at the Uni.versity of Michigan. He held the Regent':scholarship at Michigan and is a membe:of Phi Eta Sigma honorary scholasthfraternity. The Campbell's younger son i:three years old.'29. 1. H. o. Stobbe writes: "I noteDr. Rudolf Osgood's remorse that he hal'seen or heard from only two or threemedical classmates since graduation ir1929 from Rush.' Please tell him that weare busy. I remember his daily activitieat good old Rush 1927 to 1929, and hopethat he isn't lonesome now. I am onethat he should remember. I've been itgeneral practice in Salt Lake City sinothen, except for two years in Persia-wherEI was 'Chief Technical Adviser for a�Medical Services in Iran' on the T.C.Aprogram there."Tell him that we are all still goingstrong and too busy to be in the limelight.I am back in general practice as a familydoctor in partnership with my son, Dr.J os. W. Stobbe."Dr. Stobbe's address is 75 South MainStreet, Salt Lake City, Utah.'30. Wayne Gordon, of Billings, MOD­tana, participated in the clinicopathologi­cal conference at the March interim ses­sion of the Montana Medical Associationin Helena.Alexander H. Rosenthal has been ap­pointed chief of obstetrics and gynecologyat the new Long Island Jewish Hospitalin Glen Oaks, Long Island, New York.'31. Henry N. Harkins, Seattle, dis­cussed "Mass Treatment of ThermalBurns" at a symposium on the medicalaspects of civil disaster held at the Uni­versity of Washington in February.'34. Marie A. Hinrichs is the new di­rector of the Bureau of Health Servicesfor the Board of Education in Chicago.She was formerly associate professor ofhealth education at the University of Illi­nois at Urbana.'37. Felix H. Ocko has recently beenpromoted from Commander to Captain inthe United States Navy Medical Corps.Twenty Rush graduates have ac­cepted our invitation to the Medi­cal Alumni Banquet on June 10 atthe Hotel Shoreland to celebrateanniversaries from their fiftieth totheir sixty-fourth. Testimonials wiIIbe sent to an additional forty-five.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 5SENIOR SCIENTIFIC SESSIONReports of research done in connectionith their medical training are presentedy the graduating class at the SEN lORCIENTlFIC SESSION. This year therogram will be given in Pathology 117� Wednesday evening, June 9, at 7:30.M.This section is devoted to the ab­racts of the students' papers.Viremia in Mice with Pul­monary Infections Dueto Influenza A VirusBy JASON A. ApPELMedicine (Preventive Medicine)Certain symptoms of epidemic influ­iza in man, as well as the results ofrperiments with influenza A virus inice, suggested that the virus mightrculate in the blood following infec­en. The results to be reported arete outcome of an investigation of thisissibility.Mice infected by the air-borne routeith influenza A virus have the virusrculating in their blood, adsorbed onte red blood cells, as early as 6 hours'ter infection and at certain intervalsiereafter until death. The incidence ofIe viremia, at anyone time interval'ter infection, is variable, being from) to 70 per cent, and is not correlatedith the titer of the virus in the lung. with pulmonary pathology. If, inIdition to blood, livers and spleens areiltured (as evidence of hematogenousIre ad of the virus), the detectable in­dence of viremia is increased two­I threefold.The variable incidence of detectableremia and the inability to detect 100�r cent incidence of viremia are, byir techniques, in part explained byre following observations. After thetravenous injection of virus, it iseared from the blood in 10-15 min­es; in individual mice bled repeated­, viremia did not occur at the samene in all of the mice, and when itd occur, it lasted for less than 1 hour.It is concluded that influenza virusrculates on the red blood cells ofice infected by the air-borne routea sporadic phenomenon of short dura-In, which probably occurs in all of theice. However, because of its sporadicture it could not be detected in 100r cent of the mice by our techniques. Protein PhosphokinaseBy GEORGE H. BURNETTSurgery (Ben May Laboratory)Very little is known about the phys­iological synthesis of phosphoproteins,though Friedkin and Lehninger havedescribed the incorporation of inorganicP32 phosphorus into the phosphoproteinof washed rat liver particles ("mito­chondria") as a result of oxidative phos­phorylation. Their results suggestedthat purified protein substrates mightbe phosphorylated if they were incu­bated with such rat liver particles underappropriate conditions.A series of proteins were tested, butonly undenatured casein showed anyactivity in the test system. Suitablecontrol experiments, including the iso­lation of radioactive casein, demonstrat­ed this to be an actual enzymatic phos­phorylation and not simply adsorptionof the P32 to protein or an increasedphosporylation of the mitochondrialprotein present. Other work also showedthe dependence of the reaction on oxi­dative phosphorylation, the enzyme ap­parently being localized in the mitochon­dria and using the intact protein assubstrate.Experiments with soluble enzymefreed from rat liver mitochondria werecarried out with the aid of ATP32.They demonstrated that the enzymewas capable of withstanding ammoniumsulfate fractionation.The postulated mechanism for thisreaction follows:ADP + Pi oxidative ATPphosphorylation. proteinATP + protem h h k' pro-p osp 0 masetein - P + ADPThe name protein phosphokinase ap­pears appropriate here.The Histochemistry of theNervous System: A NewApproach to ExperimentalNeurology and NeuropathologyBy RICHARD D. CHESSICKMedicine (Chest)In analytical chemistry the main re­quirements for a satisfactory reactionare specificity and sensitivity, while themajor distinguishing feature of histo­chemistry is the additional requirementof accurate localization of the entityin situ. Simple inorganic and organicsubstances and configurations can be demonstrated histochemically in a num­ber of ways.A number of PAS-positive substanceshave been demonstrated in the nervoussystem in this study. Among these arethe cytoplasm of certain neuron cells,the basement membrane of the epen­dymal lining of the ventricles, and thediffuse matrix of the nervous systemin which the cells are imbedded, whichwe choose to call the "parenchyma."The reacting substances are all protein­carbohydrate complexes in nature.The histochemical demonstration ofhydrolytic enzymes is based on the useof two groups of techniques. A numberof hydrolytic enzymes were histochem­ically localized with precision in thenervous system in the present project.Esterases, phosphatases, and cholines­terases were studied with the azo-dyetechniques, and cholinesterases, phos­phatases, and phosphamidase (enzyme­splitting N-P bonds) were studied withthe metal-salt techniques. In the caseof esterases and cholinesterases, it wasfound that a family of these enzymesexists in nature, differentiated by nu­merous variations in choice of substrate,reaction to inhibitors, distribution invarious species, and, most important,distribution within the same species.Numerous species differences in thelocalization of the other enzymes werediscovered. Because of this, a species­specific histochemical architecture ofthe nervous system can now be plotted,adding a new dimension to the studyof neuroanatomy, which previously hadto rely almost solely on morphologicalappearance.Our attention was focused on theparenchyma of the nervous system,which was found to have its own dis­tinctive enzymatic architecture, and pe­culiar histochemical esterase stainingproperties, differing in various speciesand in particular localizations in thenervous system. With the same esterasestain, it was possible to demonstratefive kinds of neurons in the dog; allfive types were morphologically similar.It is not clear whether these histo­chemically delineated morphologicallysimilar areas of parenchyma, or celltypes, are functional entities or not,but they afford a new approach for thestudy of neurophysiology.Similarly, these techniques offer newmethods in neuropathological investiga­tion, in that changes on the chemicallevel in situ, as well as the classicalmorphological changes, can now be fol­lowed in naturally occurring disease andunder experimental conditions.[Continued on p. 12]6 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINTHE SENlOjANDERSON, JOYCEBorn Nov. 24, 1928; U. of Chicago, A.B., 1948;B.S., 1950; Intern.: Billings; Internal medicine; Un­married; 188 May St., Elmhurst, Ill.APPEL, JASON AVERSBorn Dec. 2, 1930; U. of Chicago, Ph.B., 1950;Intern.: Billings; Orthopedics; Unmarried; 5532 SouthShore Drive, Chicago 37.BAUGH, CLARENCE MELVILLEBorn July 12, 1924; U. of Idaho, B.S., 1950;Intern.: Billings; Surgery; Married; 321 Eighth Ave.East, Gooding, Idaho.BLA W, MICHAEL E.Born Nov. 14, 1927; U. of Chicago, Ph.B., 1949;Intern.: Bobs Roberts; Pediatrics; Married; Onechild; 812 Tyler St., Gary, Ind.BURNETT, GEORGE HILGARDBorn Sept. 28, 1925; U. of Illinois, B.A., 1947;Ph.D., 1950; Intern.: Mpls. Gen. H.; Biochemistry;Unmarried; A.O.A., % United Carbon Co., Borger,Texas.CHESSICK, RICHARD DONALDBorn June 2, 1931; U. of Chicago, Ph.B., 1949;Intern.: Cook County H.; Neurology & Psychiatry;Married; 1950 E. 70th St., Chicago 49.COLLINS, JAY LUMBorn July 15, 1922; U.S. Naval Academy, B.S.,1946; Intern.: Blodgett Mem. H.; Psychiatry; Mar­ried; Two children; No permanent address.COOPER, JOHN HERBERTBorn Dec. 22, 1924; Lawrence College, B.S., 1947;U. of Chicago, M.B.A., 1949; Intern.: U.S.P.H.S. H.,Staten Island, N.Y.; Medical administration; Mar­ried; One child; 3 11th Ave., S.W., Rochester, Minn.COZINE, ROBERT LEEBorn Aug. 23, 1931; West. Illinois State College,B.S., 1950; Intern.: Johns Hopkins H.; Urology;Married; Bushnell, Ill.CRAWFORD, JAMES WELDONBorn Oct. 27, 1927; Oberlin College, B.A., 1950;Intern.: Wayne County Gen. H., Eloise, Mich.; Neuro­psychiatry; Unmarried; 1106 Oakwood Ave., Napo­leon, Ohio.DAVIS, HUGH LLOYD, JR.Born Oct. 22, 1928; Stanford, A.B., 1950; Intern.:U. of Calif., San Francisco; Medicine; Unmarried;A.O.A.; 466 Hazel Ave., Milbrae, Calif.DILLER, ALFORDBorn Jan. 24,1925; Bluffton College, A.B., 1950;Intern.: Blodgett Mem. H.; Medicine; Married; Onechild; 218 S. Jackson St., Bluffton, Ohio.DUTCHER, THOMAS FORSYTHEBorn Nov. 8,1925; U. of Chicago, A.B., 1950; B.S.,1954; Intern.: U.S.P.H.S. H., Staten Island, N.Y.;Pathology; Married; 57 Walnut St., Wellsboro, Pa.FAULKNER, DONALD JOSEPHBorn Oct. 20, 1924; Intern.: U. of Iowa H.; Spe­cialty undetermined; Married; E. 517 Liberty, Spo­kane, Wash.FISHER, LEONARD V.Born May 22, 1929; Rutgers, B.S., 1948; Yale,M.S., 1950; Intern.: Montefiore H.; Internal medi­cine & Pharmacology; Unmarried; 211 AshburtonAve., Yonkers, N.Y.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 1CLASS OF 1954FLICK, ARNOLDBorn May 1, 1930; U.C.L.A., B.S., 1950; Intern.:Presbyterian H., N.Y.; Specialty undetermined; Mar­ried; A.O.A., 8137 Blackburn Ave., Los Angeles 48,Calif.FLITMAN, DONALD BLAKEBorn Feb. 2, 1930; U. of Michigan, A.B., 1950;Intern.: Barnes H., St. Louis; Ophthalmology; Un­married; A.O.A., 91 Greenman Ave., Newark, N.J.FOX, FREDERICK A.Born Sept. 22, 1923; U. of Maryland, B.S., 1950;Intern.: King County H., Seattle; Internal medicine;Married; Two children; % Mrs. Imogene Ives, 338Church St., Fairbanks, Alaska.GAAL, PETER G.Born July 24, 1930; U. of Chicago, Ph.B., 1950;Intern.: U. of Calif., San Francisco; Surgery; Mar­ried; A.O.A., 2602 Agatite Ave., Chicago 25.GLICK, DALLASBorn Aug. 21, 1928; Bluffton College, B.S., 1950;Intern.: U. of Pa. H.; Surgery; Married; A.O.A.,Jenera, Ohio.GROSS, JOHN I.Born Mar. 4, 1924; U. of Arkansas, B.A., 1950;Intern.: Woodlawn H. & Bobs Roberts; Pediatrics;Married; Box 393, Kerhonkson, N.Y.HAUGEN, ARNOLD R.Born Sept. 16, 1929; Intern.: King County H.,Seattle; Specialty undetermined; Married; One child;Route 4, Box 231, Puyallup, Wash.JOHNSON, CHARLES FREDERICKBorn Sept. 15, 1927; U. of Chicago, Ph.B., 1949;Intern.: Billings; Internal medicine; Unmarried; 710N. Stone Ave., La Grange, Ill.KASIK, JOHN EDWARDBorn Aug. 9, 1927; Roosevelt College, B.S., 1949;U. of Chicago, M.S., 1953; Intern.: Billings; Internalmedicine; Married; Four children; 5432 S. Mozart,Chicago 32.KEASLING, JAMES E.Born Aug. 2, 1926; Intern.: Highland-AlamedaCounty H., Oakland, Calif.; Specialty undetermined;Married; 7968 E. Seventh St., Downey, Calif.KING, PETER DEWITTBorn Feb. 20, 1927; U. of Chicago, A.B., 1950;B.S., 1954; Intern.: E. W. Sparrow H., Lansing, Mich.;Hematology, Psychiatry & Research; Married; Twochildren; 5343 Blackstone Ave., Chicago 15.KNELLER. MARY HOBorn July 28, 1925; Ill. Wesleyan U., B.S., 1950;Intern.: in 1955; Anesthesiology; Married; One child;% Dr. Albert Kneller, U.S.P.H.S. H., Boston 35.KOIKE, MASARUBorn Mar. 24, 1924; U. of Hawaii, B.A., 1949;Intern.: Harper H., Detroit; Surgery; Married; P.O.Box 256, Waialua, Oahu, Hawaii.KUTSUNAI, AKIRABorn May 4, 1927; U. of Hawaii, B.S., 1950;Intern.: Harper H., Detroit; Surgery; Married;3354 Winam Ave., Honolulu 40, Hawaii.LALLI, ANTHONY F.Born June 17, 1930; Hiram College, A.B., 1951;Intern.: Toronto Gen. H.; Pediatric surgery; Un­married; 825 Ranney St., Akron 10, Ohio.8 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINTHE SENIO�LEVINSON, DANIEL ORINBorn Apr. 23, 1926; U. of Chicago, Ph.B., 1948;B.S., 1954; Intern.: King County H., Seattle; Sur­gery; Unmarried; A.O.A., 7238 Coles Ave., Chicago 49.LEVY, ALBERTBorn Jan. 20, 1929; U. of California, A.B., 1950;Intern.: King County H., Seattle; Pediatric psychia­try; Married; 1242 S. Sierra Bonita Ave., Los Ange­les 19, Calif.LINDEN, HERBERTBorn Mar. 7, 1924; U.C.L.A., B.A., 1950; Intern.:Los Angeles V.A. H.; Internal medicine; Married;600 Trinity Ave., New York City 55.MAGUIRE, HENRY CLINTONBorn May 4, 1928; Princeton, B.A., 1947; Intern.:Grace H., Detroit; Dermatology; Married; 870 FifthAve., New York City.MESNIKOFF, ALVIN MURRAYBorn Dec. 25, 1925; Rutgers U., A.B., 1948;Intern.: Billings; Internal medicine or Psychiatry;Married; 102 Langford St., Asbury Park, N.J.MILLS, BARBARA GRISWOLDBorn July 12, 1924; U. of Nebraska, B.A., 1946;M.S., 1948; Intern.: III. Res. & Educ. H.; Researchbiochemistry; Married; Box 3730, Mdse. Mart, Chi­cago 53.NWAGBO, UZOBorn Mar. 2, 1924; U. of Illinois, B.S., 1950;Intern.: Kings County H., Brooklyn; Surgery; Un­married; 9 Oranye St., Onitsha, Nigeria, West Africa.OKINAKA, ARTHUR ]UNICHIBorn June 1, 1927; U. of Chicago, B.S., 1950;Intern.: N.Y. H.-Cornell; Surgery; Unmarried;A.O.A., 1020 Eleventh Ave., Honolulu, Hawaii.PETERS, ROBERT LEEBorn Mar. 8,1927; U.C.L.A., B.A., 1950; Intern.:Los Angeles V.A. H.; Surgery; Married; % A. L.Peters, 5th St., Yuchaipa, Calif.PRIEST, ROBERT EUGENEBorn Jan. 6, 1926; Reed College, B.A., 1950; Intern.:Royal Victoria H., Montreal; Specialty undetermined;Married; No permanent address.RAPP, ALAN DEANBorn Nov. 29, 1929; U. of Chicago, Ph.B., 1949;Intern.: Ill. Res. & Educ. H.; Medicine; Married;1409 S. Moreland, Shenandoah, Iowa.RASKIN, MIL TONBorn Dec. 2, 1921; U. of Chicago, B.S., 1949;Intern.: Wm. Beaumont Army H., EI Paso, Texas;Specialty undetermined; Married; One child; 338Spruce St., Chelsea, Mass.RISKIN, JULES L.Born Aug. 25, 1926; U. of Chicago, Ph.B., 1948;Intern.: King County H., Seattle; Psychiatry or In­ternal medicine; Unmarried; 663 Prospect Ave., Oak­land, Calif.ROLAND, THOMASBorn Apr. 15, 1927; U. of Illinois, B.S., 1949; M.S.,1950; Intern.: Los Angeles V.A. H.; Orthopedics;Married; One child; % Robert Roland, 805 N. For­rest Rd., La Grange, Ill.ROSENBERG, DAVID L.Born Apr. 16, 1928; U. of Chicago, Ph.B., 1948;B.S., 1950; Intern.: Billings; Specialty undeterrnined :Married; 5235 Woodlawn, Chicago 15. 'MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 9CLASS OF 1954SAJJADI, MAHMOODBorn Aug. 13, 1925; Intern.: Cook County H.;Specialty undetermined; Unmarried; % Dr. Haydary,126 Highland St., East Peoria, Ill.SCHEIMANN, LOIS GRIEDERBorn Aug. 6, 1929; Mt. Holyoke, B.A., 1951;Intern.: Presbyterian H., Chicago; Internal medi­cine; Married; 364 Graydon Terrace, Ridgewood,N.J.SEIDEL, JERRY GLENNBorn Aug. 7, 1929; Beloit College, B.S., 1950;Intern.: King County H., Seattle; Internal medicine;Married; One child; A.O.A., R.R. #4, Princeton, III.SHAPIRO, CHARLES MICHAELBorn Apr. 11, 1930; U. of Chicago, A.B., 1950;Intern.: Michael Reese H.; Internal medicine; Un­married; 2535 N. Sawyer, Chicago.SIEGEL, GORDON SANFORDBorn July 24, 1926; U. of Chicago, A.B., 1949;B.S., 1954; Intern.: U.S.P.H.S. H., Staten Island,N.Y.; Preventive medicine; Married; % Whitaker,5721 Harper, Chicago 37.SMITH, VICTORBorn June 5, 1929; U. of Iowa, A.B., 1951; Intern.:Tripler H., Honolulu; Specialty undetermined; Mar­ried; 1915 Custer Ave., Laramie, Wyo.SOBEL, AGATHABorn Sept. 26, 1920; Hunter College, B.A., 1945;Intern.: St. Elizabeth's H., Washington, D.C.; Psy­chiatry; Unmarried; 929 Park Ave., New York 28,N.Y.SOMMER. DONNA MEDDAUGHBorn May 9,1928; Macalester College, B.A., 1950;Intern.: Billings; Pediatrics; Married; Westhope, N.D.'STERN, FRED BERNARDBorn June 16, 1927; U. of Chicago, A.B., 1950;Intern.: Kings County H., Brooklyn; Psychiatry;Unmarried; A.O.A., 4029 Ridge Ave., Altoona, Pa,STICKNEY, EDWIN L.Born May 8,1927; Macalester College, B.A., 1950;Intern.: Mpls. Gen. H.; General practice; Married;One child; 438 Beverly Hills Bend, Billings, Mont.STONECYPHER. DAVID DANIELBorn Oct. 10, 1926; Intern.: St. Luke's H.; Spe­cialty undetermined; Married; Nebraska City, Neb,TAYLOR. PATRICK ELSWORTHBorn Mar. 24, 1926; U. of So. Calif., B.A., 1950;Intern.: Los Angeles County H.; Neurosurgery; Un­married; 7275 Mulholland Dr., Hollywood 28, Calif.THOMPSON, RICHARD GEORGEBorn Oct. 29, 1927; Harvard, B.S., 1948; U. ofChicago, M.S., 1954; Intern.: N.Y. H.; Surgery; Un­married; A.O.A., 2234 Cordova Ave., Youngstown,Ohio.VAN DER REIS, LEOBorn Oct. 30, 1926; U. of Amsterdam, M.B., 1950;Intern.: Mount Zion H., San Francisco; Internal medi­cine; Unmarried; 1339 46th Ave" San Francisco, Calif.VEENSTRA, BERNARD MIL TONBorn Jan. 25,1927; Calvin College, B.S., 1950;Intern.: Blodgett Mem. H.; Specialty undetermined;Married; Sturdevant, Wis.10 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINVOGEL, GERALD WILLIAMBorn Aug. 21, 1927; U. of Chicago, B.S., 1951;Intern.: Blodgett Mem. H.; Specialty undetermined;Married; One child; 30 Belmont Place, Passaic, N.J.WAITE, VERNER STUARTBorn Aug. 16, 1928; U. of California (Berkeley),B.A., 1950; Intern.: Los Angeles V.A. H.; Surgery;Unmarried; 3124 Poplar Dr., Linwood, Calif.WALLNER, MANFRED ADOLFBorn Mar. 27, 1928; Intern.: Los Angeles V.A. H.;Surgery; Unmarried; No permanent address.WANG, SHU-YUNGBorn July 15, 1915; Nat. Central U. of China,L.D.S., 1939; M.B., 1942; U. of Michigan, M.S.,1948; Intern.: Billings; Oral and maximal facial sur­gery; Married; Two children; Zoller Clinic, Billings H.WEAVER, RICHARD ALANBorn May 16, 1926; U. of Chicago, Ph.B., 1949;B.S., 1951; Intern.: Billings H.; Specialty undeter­mined; Married; 5719 Dorchester Ave., Chicago 37.WHITMAN, ERWINBorn May 21, 1927; Rutgers U., B.S., 1948; U. ofChicago, M.S., 1950; Intern.: Presbyterian H., N.Y.;Surgery; Married; Three children; 189 Euclid Ave.,Hackensack, N.J.WINDHORST, DOROTHY BAKERBorn Mar. 25, 1928; U. of Chicago, A.B., 1948;Intern.: Presbyterian H., Chicago; Dermatology;Married; One child; 910 E. 57th St., Chicago 37.WINSBERG, FREDBorn Mar. 10, 1931; U. of Chicago, Ph.B., 1949;Intern.: Michael Reese H.; Specialty undetermined;Unmarried; 6721 Cornell Ave., Chicago 49.ZERVAS, NICHOLAS T.Born Mar. 9, 1929; Harvard, A.B., 1950; Intern.:N.Y. H.; Neurosurgery; Unmarried; 141 WashingtonSt., Lynn, Mass.THROUGH THE LOOKING GLASS"Beware the Jabberwock, my son!The jaws that bite, the. claws thatcatch!Beware the Jub jub bird, and shunThe [rumious Bandersnatch!"On that September day in 1950 themedical school welcomed seventy-fiveof us-sixty-eight medical students andseven girls was their count. We camefrom Malaya and Montana, Iran andIndiana, Africa and Alaska, and somepoints in between. We were a debonairgroup, but brash.We refused to elect Freshman classofficers, and our business with deansand such has continued to be conductedon a casual representative basis-verydemocratic!It soon became evident that therewas a difference between our idea ofthe immediate objective and the plansof the faculty. We were ready to getat those patients with scalpel and stetho­scope, picking up the gauntlet droppedby Osler and carrying on as Young Dr.Kildare. But, alas, the polished bedsidemanner and the well-turned phrase were not for us. Gray's Anatomy, Maximovand Bloom, Best and Taylor, were theawaiting crocodiles.A year later, considerably battle­scarred, we faced the future. We hadlearned, after many early-morningfrays, that if one had to sleep in lecturethe proper place was in the back row.It was not the code to face spot ques­tions with cringings, but rather to meetthe Inquisition with an air of interestedparticipation that was, at times, suc­cessful."So having no reply to giveTo what the old man said,I cried, 'Come tell me how you live!'And thumped him on the head."Like all second acts, our Sophomoreyear was the lull in our play. We beganto realize that this doctoring requiredthe memory of a Janus, the stamina ofa Hercules, the faithfulness of a Penel­ope, and that sine qua non, the abilityto tread softly or get the big stick.A pattern slowly emerged from thechaos. There was an objective beyond the creation of machines who could reocite at ease the anatomies of the tibiaand the fibula, the relationships of theafferent and the efferent, the chemistriesof the phosphatases and the esterases.At last, patients replaced textbooks.We learned to recognize the abnormalby examining the alleged normal amongus. We pried into each others' lives tolearn the art of history taking. We atlast encountered the circulatory sys­tem, the bone structure, and the diges­tive tract, all assembled in one patient.What did it matter that our place wasat the end of the line. Trailing afterprofessors, residents, interns, Seniormedical students, and Junior medicalstudents, we Sophomores appeared insomething less than heroic proportions­like the tail on a kite."'You don't know how to manage Look­ing-Glass cakes,' the Unicorn remarked.'Hand it around first and cut it after·wards.' "Two years had passed as the curtainrose on the third act. Theory was toMEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 11� tested in practice. Was that jaun­ced eye related to the liver, the galladder, or, indeed, was it jaundicedall? Things were seldom what theyemed.It was a hard year, a year to bringIt strength--or weakness. There was, who knew that every day would bes last, that this exam had finished hisireer. And Y, the incurable optimist.e not only did not see the hole inIe doughnut but, dreaming his golden:eams, he did not even see the dough­it. And then there is our debt to Z,I Z of the excellent notes and theystal-clear analyses. But I should alsoention generous Z', of the notes lessIan brilliant and the analyses less thanear, always so willing to share his con­sion with us.We began to know the staff. Thereere the second lieutenants with themerals' barks. There was the generalho de-emphasized the hairdo long andipularized the buttoned-down whitelat. We came to know the denizens ofIe shadows and of their ability to re­mstruct the crime. We learned to beindful of the appropriateness of aagnosis dealing with the mind. Our.rcussing fingers grew sore as we quib­ed over left heart borders. Our feet'ew weary as we chased down the cor­dors after the hardy attending staff.te learned to defer collapse to hoursetween midnight and six, and to appearright and shining at the eight A.M.cture.The only compensation was to know-next year we can go home to dinner. SIX.Then fill up the glasses with treacleand ink,'r anything else that is pleasant todrink;fix sand with the cider, and wool withthe wine-"nd welcome the Seniors with ninetytimes nine.The concern that dwarfed all othersI the final act of our play was theitemship. By the time it had beenmsidered, courted, and captured, weiund that our Senior year was slip­ing away.Senior clinics proved to be a joy, Sen­Ir camps a holdover from the Inquisi­on, the Senior skit our chance for re­enge.But with a nostalgia that most of usauld vehemently deny, we had few�al gripes now that we were about toIter the world as finished products ofre "system." Today a sense of belong­g, a group feeling, transcends our.tty complaints. We have won the ac­ptance of our mentors at AMBH­IW for the world.JOYCE ANDERSON GRADUATE NEWS'33. William Tucker will come to Chi­cago on July 1 to be professor of med­icine at Northwestern University and headof the section on diseases of the chest ofthe medical service at the Veterans Ad­ministration Research Hospital.'43. A. R. Furmanski is in private prac­tice of neuropsychiatry in the San Fer­nando Valley of Los Angeles and attend­ing neurologist at the Veterans Admin­istration Hospital in Los Angeles. He livesin Encino, where he can play tennis onhis own back-yard court all through thewinter and where his three children canclimb the mountains only a block away.'45. Thomas W. Anderson is doingwell in the practice of ophthalmology inSeattle.Jerome Styrt is in private practice ofpsychiatry in Baltimore and is instructorat the Johns Hopkins, where he is largelyoccupied in teaching the psychiatric housestaff.'46. Philip W. Graff entered the Armylast October and is stationed at Fort SamHouston, San Antonio. .E. A. Hathaway has recently enteredprivate practice in Elmhurst, Illinois. Heshares an office with John W. Hanni,who is practicing psychiatry.Robert 1. Sutton is still in the Army,stationed at Camp Stewart, Georgia, wherehe is chief of medicine at the station hos­pital. His wife (Dorothy Fredrickson,former Billings nurse) and their threechildren are living on the post in a newhousing development. He expects to re­turn to private practice in Tipp City,Ohio, in August, when he will be releasedto civilian life.'48. William H. Newman has been ap­pointed clinical assistant in orthopedics atthe Chicago Medical School. He servedfour years with the Army Medical Corpsand is on the staff of Chicago MemorialHospital.'49. Richard M. Elghammer after twoyears in the USAF will finish his residencyin pediatrics at the Children's MemorialHospital and enter private practice inChicago in July.'50. James O. Bond is at present em­ployed by the Florida State Board ofHealth. In a recent letter to Dr. Arling­ton Krause, he says: "Although I enteredthis service somewhat involuntarily viathe draft, I have actually come to enjoyit and will probably make it a career. Ihope to be able to enter the teaching andinvestigative aspects of the field due tothe influence of teachers (such as your­self) at Billings. The training we receivedthere has no equal so far as I ha \ e bec-iable to observe."Martin E. Hanson is taking six monthsof obstetrics and gynecology in Portland,Oregon, and will study internal medicinenext year at a residency in Swedish Hos-:pital, Seattle.'51. Shirl Evans, Jack McCarthy, andHerzl Ragins tRes., '52) were awarded theJoseph A. Capps prize of $600 for theirwork on "A Study of the Physiology ofthe Antrum of the Stomach." JUNIORS coming; SENIORS going'52. Al Feinstein and Morris Seide,both residents at Grace-New Haven Hos­pital, were chosen by Yale University toattend the recent meetings in Atlantic City.Ralph V. Ganser is completing ayear of surgical residency at Harper Hos­pital in Detroit. In July he will beginresidency in otolaryngology and maxiolo­facial surgery at University Hospitals inIowa.Seymour Halleck paid us a visit thisspring. He's enjoying his work in psychi­atry at the Medical Center for FederalPrisoners in Springfield, Missouri. Buthe's looking forward to a residency some­where next year.Bill Nelson is staying on for a residen­cy in pathology at the University ofOklahoma.Les Schroeder has an appointment be­ginning July 1 as clinical associate withthe National Cancer Institute in Bethesda.He thought he might be going West tojoin the Indians, remember?John Francis Ziegler has a fellowshipin industrial medicine and public healthat Cincinnati. He was in Chicago in Aprilto take state board examinations.'53. Horst Weinberg paid us a visitin March. When he finishes his internshipat Cincinnati General in June, he willstart a residency in pediatrics at St.Christopher's Hospital for Children inPhiladelphia. Unless the Army has otherplans for him.Marvin Weinreb presented an exhibitat the annual clinical conference of theChicago Medical Society, from the Uni­versity of Kansas Medical Center, wherehe has been interning. He will take aresidency in dermatology at the Skin andCancer Institute, New York, for next year.'54. Anthony Lalli has been spendingan elective quarter in laboratory and clini­cal research at the Seward Sanatorium,Bartlett, Alaska. He has worked under thedirect supervision of Francis J. Phillips,Rush, '37, director.12 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINSenior Scientific Session­[Continued from p. 5]Treatment of TransplantedLeukemia in DBA-Strain Micewith Root of Wild CucumberBy HUGH DAVISMedicine (Hematology)Submitted by title only.Preliminary Studies concerningthe Effect of Intravenous Injec­tion of Plasma from X-irradi­ated, Spleen-shielded Male Ratson Erythropoiesis in NormalMale RatsBy THOMAS F. DUTCHERMedicine (Hematology)Adult male rats were given 550 rtotal body X-irradiation with lead shield­ing of the spleen. At intervals of from15 minutes to 6 days following X-irra­diation the animals were sacrificed.Plasma was obtained from them andinjected intravenously into normal adultmale rats. The total amount of plasmagiven over a 3-day period approximatedthe original plasma volume of the re­cipient animals. Twenty-four hours afterthe third plasma injection, the rats weregiven a simple intravenous injection ofa known amount of radioactive iron(Fe59). Four days later, 0.5 m!. ofblood was obtained and counted in awell-type scintillation counter. The ironuptake, a measure of erythropoiesis, wasthen determined as percentage of totalblood volume. Normal adult male ratsreceiving normal plasma plus Fe59 andothers receiving only Fe59 served ascontrols.There was a significant increase inradio-iron uptake, and therefore eryth­ropoiesis, in those animals which re­ceived injections of normal plasma andplasma collected from donor animalsat intervals of 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 12hours following X-irradiation withspleen shielding when these groups werecompared with the control groupwhich received only Fe59. There wasno significant difference between thiscontrol group and groups receivingplasma obtained 15 minutes, 18 and 24hours following X-irradiation. Therewas a marked decrease in radio-ironuptake, and therefore erythropoiesis, inthose animals which were given plasmacollected 2, 4, and 6 days followingtotal body X-irradiation with the spleenshielded.These results suggest that there is anerythropoietic-stimulating factor (orfactors) in the plasma of normal adultmale rats, as well as in the plasma ofadult male rats following exposure to550 r total body X-irradiation withspleen shielding. There is no evidence that the plasma factor is identical inboth cases.This erythropoietic-stimulating factor(or factors) appears to be present forat least the first 18 hours and is max­imally effective for from 1 to 4 hoursand from 8 to 12 hours following X­irradiation.Perhaps the most interesting observa­tion was the markedly decreased eryth­ropoiesis following the injection ofplasma collected later than 24 hoursfollowing X-irradiation. This may bedue to exhaustion of a spleen-stimulat­ing factor which causes the spleen toproduce an erythropoietic factor (orfactors) or to the toxic products of theX-irradiation, which might, at about a24-hour interval, reach a plasma concen­tration high enough to depress erythro­poiesis. In support of this latter pos­sibility is the fact that others have ob­served that marrow suspensions obtainedfrom mice at approximately the sameinterval following total body irradia­tion and injected into X-irradiated micehave an almost immediately lethal effectin half the animals injected.Some of the Urinary Metabo­lites of Carbonv'-Iabeled Iso­nicotinic Acid HydrazideBy JOHN E. KASIKMedicine (Chest) and PharmacologyIsonicotinic acid hydrazide and itsderivatives were first introduced intoantituberculous therapy in 1952. Thiscompound is simple in chemical struc­ture and easy to synthesize. It is thehydrazine derivative of the gamma iso­mer of nicotinic acid, inexpensive, rela­tively nontoxic, and possessing high an­tituberculous activity.Soon after the introduction of thisdrug, work was begun on the absorption,tissue distribution, and excretion of C14-labeled isonicotinic acid hydrazide bythe Department of Pharmacology incollaboration with the Department ofMedicine. This work was done usingthe drug labeled in the carboxyl groupwith radioactive carbon in both animalsand in tuberculous patients undergoinglung resection for the disease.This work showed, among otherthings, that from 75 to 90 per cent ofthe administered drug, in both man andanimals, was excreted within 24 hoursand that the urine represented the ma­jor pathway of metabolism.The work described in this paper wasa continuation of this work and wascarried out, using the pooled lyophilizedurine of tuberculous patients who hadreceived the labeled drug. Pilot experi­ments were run, using paper-stripchromatography developed in n-butanol­water systems and then identified asauto radiograms. These experiments in­dicated separation into six radioactive components, which strongly suggestethat there were six urinary metaboliteof the drug.On the basis of known methods 0metabolism and detoxification of thchemical groups in isonicotinic acid hydrazide, a series of predications of espee ted compounds was made. Thespredications were based on work donwith nicotinic acid, pyridine, and thhydrazine compound by other investigators. Among the compounds onmight expect were NI methyl isonicotinic acid hydrazide, with methylation 0the pyridine nitrogen; acetylated isonicotinic acid hydrazide, with acetylatioiof the hydrazine group; isonicotinic acidNI, methyl isonicotinic acid, and acetylated Nl methyl isonicotinic acid hydrazide.Several of these compounds were the)synthesized and their properties studiedusing crystalline appearance, meltinipoint, solubility in common solventschromatographic rf values in acid, basicand neutral butanol-water systems. TheKonig color reactions for pyridine compounds and polarigraphic propertiewere also employed for characterizationThese experiments strongly indicatethat three of the probably six urinal)metabolites of isonicotinic acid hydrazide are isonicotinic acid, acetylated NJmethyl isonicotinacid hydrazide, ancacetylated isonicotinic acid hydrazideEstimation of the total activity repre­sented by these fractions indicates alleast three-fourths of the drug is ex­creted in these forms and not as the un­changed drug and isonicotinic acid aspreviously believed.Studies in Thrombo­plastin GenerationBy PETER D. KINGMedicine (Hematology)It is known that animal tissues con­tain a substance called "thromboplas­tin," which will rapidly convert pro­thrombin to thrombin under certainconditions. It is generally agreed thatthe precursors of a substance similarin action are present in normal blood.When blood is shed, these precursorssomehow combine to generate this"spontaneous" thromboplastin."Christmas disease" (a disease re­sembling hemophilia but characterizedby deficiency of a plasma factor differ­ent from antihemophilic globulin),thrombocytopenia, and hemophilia arecharacterized by deficiency of plasmathromboplastin component (PTe),platelets, and antihemophilic globulin(AHG) , respectively. Since thrombo­plastin generation is defective in eachof these diseases, it was decided toseparate PTC, platelets, and AHG andcombine them with calcium ion in orderto study thromboplastin generation un-MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 13der controlled conditions* By substi­tuting saline for each of these factorsand by varying their concentrations inmixtures of them all, the following re­mits were obtained:1. Thromboplastin was generatedfrom PTC, platelets, and calcium ion.There was no thromboplastin genera­tion in the absence of any of thesethree entities.2. The amount of thromboplastingenerated varied directly with the con­centration of platelets. At low concen­trations the rate also varied directlywith the concentration of platelets; butit high concentrations the rate was con­stant, This indicated that platelets were1 substrate, as did other types of ex­oeriments.3. The rate of thromboplastin gen­sration varied directly with the concen­.ration of PTC. This indicated thatPTC was an enzyme, as did other types)f experiments.By varying the sequence with whichhe basic factors were mixed together,t was found that platelets are first:hanged to thromboplastin by PTC inhe presence of calcium ion. Then aeeond reaction occurs in which thehromboplastin seems to react stoichio­netrically with AHG to form a moreowerful product. Use of varying con­entrations of AHG also suggested that: reacted stoichiometrically.· It was found that serum had a de­tructive effect upon thromboplastin.'his anti thromboplastic action of se­urn made thromboplastin generation'rom PTC, platelets, and calcium ap­ear relatively negligible in its pres­nee. However, when AHG was also'resent in the mixture, much greater· uantities of thromboplastin were gen­rated. Thus AHG is probably of espe-· al importance in vivo.Thrombin accelerates the generationf thromboplastin, thus causing coagu­tion to be an autocatalytic process."This method was introduced by Biggs,· ouglas, and Macfarlane.Intralobar PulmonarySequestrationBy ANTHONY LALLISurgery (Thoracic Surgery)Intralobar pulmonary sequestrationthe name given by Pryce to a rarengenital abnormality which consistsa systemic artery supplying a portionlung. The artery arises from therta, usually near the diaphragm. Theea of lung served by this vessel is'ually part of a lower lobe. This "se-estrated" portion often shows bron­iogenic cystic disease. There are sev­II theories which have been advancedexplain this defect. Pryce considers� prior abnormality to be the anom­ms vessel which "captures" a por- tion of the embryonic bronchial treeand produces the abnormal state. Webelieve there is more evidence for thetheory which credits this condition toaccessory respiratory anlagen which de­velop from the primitive foregut. Thepotentials of these anlagen are diverseand may explain this as well as someother congenital respiratory tract de­fects. There have been three cases ofthis condition seen and treated at TheClinics. In addition, two additional caseswhere there was agenesis of the rightupper and middle lobes, with an anom­alous artery from the aorta to thelower lobe, have been seen. These fivepatients, with the exception of onefourteen-year-old boy, were all less thanfour and one-half years of age. Theypresented, as is usually the case, withevidences of pulmonary suppuration.Exact preoperative diagnosis is notoften possible. Exploratory thoracotomyis necessary, at which time the condi­tion is diagnosed and usually treatedby lobectomy. The prognosis is good.Alterations in the Level of theBlood Complement Induced byHormones and Antigen-Anti-body Reactions in RabbitsBy ALVIN MESNIKOFFPathologyThe role of the circulating serumcomplement (C1) in reactions to in­jury has long been debated. In vitro,where its action is easily demonstrable,C1 has been a useful tool in clinicalserology. In certain diseases of man,e.g., glomerulonephritis and rheumatoidarthritis, and in experimental serumdisease in rabbits, C1 has been shownto deviate from normal. The experi­ments presented here are a series ofinvestigations initiated for the purposeof studying the factors which may beresponsible for variations in C1.In vitro experiments were performedin order to ascertain the relationshipbetween the ratio of bovine plasma al­bumen antigen (Ag) and rabbit anti­bovine plasma albumen antibody (Ab ),and the binding of C". These studiesshowed that significant C1 binding oc­curred over a relatively narrow rangeof Ag-Ab ratios.In vivo, the in vitro determined quan­tities of Ag and Ab reduced C1 pro­foundly. Using this method, it is possibleto study the rate of return of circulatingC1. The influence on C1 of growth hor­mone (containing 20 per cent thyrotro­pin contaminant) and cortisone and achallenge of Ag and Ab was studied.Hormones were administered for a totalof 8 days. On the sixth day, Ag and Abwere administered, and the animals wereobserved at intervals for the next 2days. In addition to C", estimations were also made of hemoglobin, platelets,and clotting time.* The animals weresacrificed on the eighth day, and histo­logic sections were made. Eight animals,which received normal saline injectiononly, showed an average rise of 75 percent in C1. The growth-hormone grouprose 165 per cent, while the cortisoneanimals fell 13 per cent. Followingchallenge by a passive intravascular Ag­Ab reaction, the C! of all groups de­creased sharply. Thereafter, the C1 ofthe animals receiving growth hormonerapidly returned to pre-challenge levels.The group which received two chal­lenges, 1 hour apart, showed a rate ofreturn almost as rapid as that seen withgrowth-hormone treatment. The corti­sone-treated group showed only a smallrise and never returned to pre-chal­lenge levels. The control group showeda rise intermediate between the corti­sone- and growth-honmone-treated am­mals.Hemoglobin concentration in allgroups showed a gradual decline to be­tween 64 per cent and 74 per cent ofthe original levels, 48 hours after thechallenge.In general, clotting times were pro­longed following the intravascular re­actions.In all groups, platelet counts fellrapidly immediately following the chal­lenge. Preliminary observations of thetissue sections revealed no strikinglesions.The administration of a second chal­lenge produced a stimulus affecting C1,resembling that seen in animals receiv­ing growth hormone plus a single chal­lenge.This suggests that the stress-inducedalteration in the C1 levels may be medi­ated via a pituitary-thyroid mechanism.Cortisone antagonizes this effect.*The 50 per cent end-point colorimetricmethod of titrating C1 was used.Pharmacology and Toxicologyof a New Cholinergic Drug­BisfluorophosphateBy ARTHUR OKINAKAPharmacologyUntil recently the only highly activeanticholinesterase agents were neostig­mine and physostigmine. Recently alkylfluorophosphates have been shown tohave strong anticholinesterase activity.The present investigation was under­taken to ascertain whether the pharma­cological actions of fluorophosphatescould be favorably modified by replace­ment of alkoxy groups by amidophos­ph ate linkages. The compound used inthis test was bis (dimethylamido) fiuoro­phosphate.The symptoms produced in all spe­cies were typical of those produced by14 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINcholinergic drugs. Symptoms referableto stimulation of the central nervoussystem were absent in dogs and lesspronounced than the peripheral effectsin all other species.Measurements of the acute toxicityof bis (dimethylamido) pyrophosphate( BFP) were conducted, using severalspecies of animals. The following ap­proximate LDSO values in mg/kg wereobtained for BFP given intraperitone­ally: rats, 5 mg.; mice, 1.4 mg.: andguinea pigs, 2.5 mg. When given intra­venously to dogs, the LDSO was be­tween 5 and 10 mg/kg. After oral ad­ministration to rats, the approximateLDSO was 7.5 mgykg, indicating thatthe compound is well absorbed fromthe gastrointestinal tract. No sex differ­ence in susceptibility to the compoundwas noted in rats.The predominant cardiovascular ef­fects of BFP in anesthetized dogs givendoses in the range of the LD50 con­sisted of an initia-I transient pressor re­sponse, with a slight increase in pulserate. This was followed by a sharp, sus­tained fall in mean pulse pressure,marked bradycardia, and a wide pulsepressure. A gradual increase in the de­pressor effect of acetylcholine to amaximum increase of about 300 fold oc­curred during the first hour after intra­venous administration of 1 mgjkg ofBFP to dogs. After lethal doses of BFP,respiratory paralysis always precededcardiac arrest.Measurements of the anticholinester­ase action of BFP in vitro demonstrat­ed that this compound produced 50 percent inhibition of the cholinesterase ac­tivity of several tissues at a final molarconcentration of 5 X 10-4 M. After ad­ministration of one-half the LD50 doseto rats, there occurred a gradual fallin the cholinesterase activity of serum,submaxillary gland, skeletal muscle, andileum over a period of 2 hours. Thebrain was only slightly affected, sug­gesting that BFP does not readily gainaccess to the central nervous system.After a single sublethal dose, slow re­versal of the enzyme inhibition to nor­mal levels occurred over a period ofsevera I days.Daily administration of doses of 0.5rng /kg and higher doses to rats pro­duced a cumulative toxic effect.The results of this study indicate thatBFP is a cholinergic compound withpredominant effects on peripheral tis­sues. It produces essentially the sametype of pharmacological effects as DFPand is of equal potency, but BFP isstable in aqueous solutions and doesnot appreciably affect the central nerv­ous system. It thus lacks the undesir­able properties which have limited theclinical usefulness of DFP and there­fore offers the possibility of being a use­ful medicinal agent. The Significance of LymphaticNodules in Bone Marrow Ob-tained by Sternal Mar­row AspirationsBy CHARLES SHAPIRO!vI edicine (H em atolog-y'iA study of sternal marrow aspiratesin one hundred and thirty-five caseswas done in order to determine the in­cidence and diagnostic implications oflymphatic nodules in the bone marrow.Included in this series was a controlgroup of bone-marrow aspirates fromten normal individuals.An attempt was made to correlatethe various anatomical forms of lym­phatic nodules with different diseasestates, as well as the relationship ofsize and number of lymphatic nodulesto pathological conditions.The initial study consisted of a re­view of all bone-marrow sections con­taining an observed lymphatic nodule.In this group of sixty-six cases the morecommon associated clinical conditionswere: (1) lymphosarcoma, (2) unclas­sified anemias, (3) rheumatoid arthritis,( 4) polycythemia rubra vera, (5) hemo­lytic anemia, (6) hypersplenism, (7)myelogenous leukemia. When the sexeswere considered individually, it wasfound that nodules were most likely tobe found in the bone marrow of womenwho had rheumatoid arthritis. lympho­sarcoma, an anemia or hemolytic ane­mia, while in men the associated clin­ical conditions were predominantly lym­phosarcoma, myelogenous leukemia,and polycythemia rubra vera. It shouldbe noted that all cases of lymphaticleukemia were excluded from the sur­vey.The number of lymphatic nodules inanyone sternal marrow aspirate dif­fered markedly, depending on whetherthe patient had a malignant or a non­malignant disease. In the marrow ofpatients with a nonmalignant disease,the average number of nodules was1.8, while in those with a malignancy,the average number was about 4.1.Over 50 per cent of the lymphaticnodules in patients with a malignantdisease had an infiltrating border, where­as only 18 per cent of those found inpatients with a nonmalignant diseasehad this feature. The overwhelminglypredominant form of nodule, a diffuseaggregation of small lymphocytes,seemed to have no relation to the var­ious clinical states. Interestingly though,in the six cases in which a germinalcenter was found, none came from themarrow of a patient with a malignantdisease.There was no correlation betweenlymphadenopathy and lymphocytosisand the bone-marrow findings. Therewere significant differences when age and sex were considered. Females WItwice as likely to have lymphatic ntules in their bone marrow as WImales. And, when present, the likelihothat the female patient had a malnant disease was one in five, whenin the male, the presence of malignanwas two in five. Lymphatic noduwere found in twice as many patierwho were over forty years of agein those who were younger than forA study of bone marrows of grouof patients with various diseases \\then undertaken. These patients WEselected at random, the only limitifactors being that they had a speciclinical diagnosis and had had a bormarrow biopsy.The significant findings tended to sustantiate the initial observations, excethat in four cases of myelogenous lekemia no lymphatic nodules were founIn only one of the ten patients whobone marrows 'were used as normal cotroIs was a lymphatic nodule founUse of the Recording OximenIn Management of Postoperative Oxygen TherapyBy RICHARD G. THOMPSONSurgery (Thoracic Surgery)Patients who have had a surgical prcedure involving the chest are fourto be in a state of low arterial oxyg:saturation in the immediate postopentive period. The deleterious effect Ihypoxia has been repeatedly demo:strated and should be prevented by tlroutine practice of increasing the ox�gen content of the gas mixture breatheby the patient.The present-day practice of admiristering high levels of oxygen flow pIminute via a nasal catheter to all p,tients after surgery on the thorax, athough increasing the oxygen conterof the blood, may also cause ill effecton the patient. The application of thcontinuous recording oximeter to thstudy of clinical problems furnished uwith an accurate method for judginthe effectiveness of the different techniques of oxygen therapy in the postoperative treatment of surgical chescases.M ethods.-Fifty patients on wbor.different thoracic surgical procedurewere performed furnished the clinicamaterial used in this study. A continuous recording, Wood-type, earpiece oximeter, built at the University of Chicago by Dr. John F. Perkins et al.was used for the arterial oxygen saturations. A base line for arterial oxygeisaturation, pulse rate, and respiratorjrate was then established by allowingthe patient to breathe room air Ion!enough to get a plateau for at least �minutes. One hundred per cent oxygerMEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 15was then administered by various meth­ods. The efficiency of the oxygen ther­apy was judged on the basis of arterialoxygen-saturation values.Results and conclusions=Ai: this se­ries 90 per cent of the patients showeda decrease in arterial oxygen saturationfollowing surgery. This hypoxia respond­ed quickly to oxygen therapy, regard­less of the way it was administered.When given 100 per cent oxygen by aMcKesson positive-pressure machine or10-12 liters per minute by a B.L.B.:nask, arterial oxygen saturations ofabove normal were reached within 1)r 2 minutes. However, oxygen flows)f 2.5 liters per minute administered/ia a nasal catheter proved effective in.aising the saturation to normal or near'1ormal in all patients without cardio­-espiratory complications, the averagenerease being 5 per cent, i.e., from 88o 93 per cent. Flows of 5 liters per;ninute brought a rise in saturation from.�8 to 95 per cent or only 2 per cent.iigher, and flows of 7.5 and 10 litersier minute did not prove effective in.aising the saturation any further.In a small group of patients, particu­arly after pneumonectomy and in thosevith cardiorespiratory complications,. ueh as retained bronchial secretions,.teleetasis, and pulmonary edema, therse of only 1 liter oxygen flow per min­.rte raised the arterial oxygen satura­. ion 10-15 per cent, demonstrating howmportant even small amounts of oxy­'en are. Since adequate arterial oxygenaturation can be maintained on lowxygen flows of from 1 to 5 liters per.iinute, the use of larger amoun ts ofxygen is not. only unnecessary and un­. omfortable but also dangerous, to the.xtent that it thickens secretion, whichlay lead to atelectasis.An Analysis of a New Typeof UltrafilterBy LEO VAN DER REISMedicine (Renal-vascular Diseases)Presented by title only.Unsuspected Reactivated Pul­monary Tuberculosis Foundat AutopsyBy DOROTHY BARER WINDHORSTPathologyAn attempt was made to evaluate ex­isure of hospital personnel to pulmo­try tuberculosis by study of cases com­g to autopsy. Patients who had re­. 'ived ACTH, cortisone, urethan, or ni-ogen mustards were of particular in­rest, in view of the deleterious effectsthese drugs on tuberculosis. On lyses whose tuberculosis had been essen­Illy undiagnosed at death were includ­in the series. Of approximately 3,200 autopsies cov­ering a 12-year period, 1940-52, only27 were found to be of interest to thestudy. The charts, autopsy reports, andin some instances the microscopic slideson these cases were thoroughly reviewed,and, although the number of cases issmall, certain findings are evident.There has been no striking increaseor decrease in undiagnosed active pul­monary tuberculosis found at autopsyduring the years in which the so-called"resistance-lowering" drugs have comeinto general use.The operating room and the morgue,both long known areas of exposure ofhospital personnel, are prominent inthe series. The infrequency of isolationindicates, however, that ward and semi­private beds may provide equally im­portant sources of infection, especiallyto other patients.Evidences for gross human error orfailure are rewardingly few. Examplesof the subtler neglect of details of his­tory and symptoms are disappointinglyfrequent.Motor Response in theDeafferented LimbBy NICHOLAS T. ZERVASSurgcry eN eurosurgery)Recent studies in this laboratory havedemonstrated deviation of motor re­sponse to motor cortex electrostimula­tion in the j);/ acaca mulct tao Usingthreshold voltage with varying fre­quencies. it was found that the higherfrequencies evoked more proximal motorresponses, wrist flexion, for example;while low frequencies produced distalmovements, abduction of the thumb, forexample. This deviation of motor re­sponse was present along the entiremotor strip and allowed the formulationof motor maps that varied in structurewith the frequency employed.The purpose of the present study wasto examine the response pattern follow­ing interruption of afferent impulsesf rom the limb in question. To this end,unilateral posterior rhizotomy was per­formed on three monkeys, involving thelumbosacral roots, and on one monkey.involving the cervicothoracic roots.Three days following this procedure thedenervated limb in each animal wasfound to be completely anesthetized.Cortical stimulation was carried out,using the identical conditions of theprevious studies, with the exception thata very light anesthetic level W:lS main­tained. The results of stimulation re­vealed a deviation of motor responseto altered frequency in the affected ani­mal identical to that in the normal ani­mal. These experiments do not indicatethat the diminishing of afferent impulsesaltered the typical response pattern tocortical stimulation. M. EDWARD DAVISM. Edward Davis, who was namedj oesph Bolivar DeLee Professor in 1947,has been appointed Chief of Staff of theLying-in Hospital and Dispensary andand Gynecology. He succeeds William J .Dieckmann, who resigned to devote histime to clinical activities and research.Dr. Davis, B.S., Chicago, 1920, is agraduate of Rush Medical College in theclass of 1922. He became resident of theChicago Lying-in Hospital in 1925 and hasbeen continuously a faculty member sincethe affiliation of the hospital with theUniversity of Chicago .His resea rch on ergot and related agents,on the physiology of reproduction and ofthe fetus, and his studies on the role ofestrogens have been presented before manyaudiences. He has had time, too, to con­tribute nationally through his activities asa member of the Advisory Committees onMaternal and Child Health Services, andon Maternal Welfare of the Children'sBureau, Federal Security Agency.His fame as an obstetrician and a gyne­cologist is evident from his popularity asa speaker before clinical societies. Andwhen he performs in the operating room­at the time of a convention-the theatercannot accommodate the crowd.CORRIDOR COMMENTThe new Woods Loan Fund and ourown Medical Alumni Loan Fund are inuse almost to the last dollar. We shallha ve more to tell you about that inthe fa\!.Brunemeier, the student who drew thecartoon "Rounds" for our last issue, is aJunior, not a Sophomore, as we describedhim. It is obvious that no Sophomorecould have had that much experience.16 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINFACULTY NEWSHenry W. Brosin, professor of psy­chiatry at the University of Pittsburghand director of the Western PsychiatricInstitute and Clinic, has been appointedto serve on the National Advisory MentalHealth Council.Paul R. Cannon has been elected chiefeditor of the A.M.A. Archives 0/ Pa­thology.On A. J. Carlson's birthday, the staffof the National Society for Medical Re­search sent him a greeting with this in­scription:"'What is the evidence?'"This apparently simple question is theessence of science and might even be thefoundation-stone of all civilization."When men ask, 'What is the evidence?'it means repeal of the rule of naked force;it means relief from the tyranny of super­stition."Having made these great words ringfor forty-five years, Dr. Carlson, may youcontinue for many more, for even yet fewmen know the four key words of freedomand human progress: 'What is the evi­dence?' "Four old friends, who for many yearsha ve played golf and bridge together,spent a winter holiday this year at Thomas­ville, Georgia. B. C. H. Harvey, WilberPost, D. J. Davis, and Joseph A. Cappsenjoyed once more the salubrity of thecharming south Georgia town that Baede­ker recommended to "people with weaklungs."Albert 1. lehninger, Delamar profes­sor of physiological chemistry and directorof the department at Johns Hopkins Uni­versity, gave the seventh Harvey lectureat the New York Academy of Medicinein March. His subject was "OxidativePhosphorylation."Walter 1. Palmer and O. H. Robert­son are associate editors of the AmericanJournal of Medicine.Edith Potter receives an honorary de­gree from the Women's Medical Collegeof Philadelphia in June.Theodore B. Rasmussen became chair­man of neurology and neurosurgery at theBULLETINof the Alumni AssociationThe University of ChicagoSCHOOL OF MEDICINE950 East Fifty-ninth Street, Chicago 37, IllinoisSPRING 1954\'OL. 10 No.3W,LL,AM LESTER, JR., EditorHUBERTA LIVINGSTONE, Associate EditorROBERT J. HASTERLIK, Rush EditorJESSIE BURNS lIlACLEAN, SecretarySubscription with membership:Annual, $4.00 Life, $60.00 Many of you must have spent the noon hour on the grass in back of Billings whenit looked very much like this.Montreal Neurological Institute of McGillUniversity on June 1.Henry Ricketts is vice-president of theAmerican Diabetes Association and is incharge of the program for the meeting inSan Francisco in June. The meeting willbe held jointly with that of the EndocrineSociety of which Allen Kenyon is pres­ident.Stephen Rothman gave the SigmundPollitzer lecture at the New York Uni­versity Postgraduate Medical School inJanuary.Paul W. Schafer is a Major in theUnited States Army and is stationed at theWalter Reed Army Medical Center inWashington, D.C.lester Skaggs, of Health Physics, spentseveral weeks at Cambridge testing thenew linear accelerator being prepared forinstallation in the Argonne Hospital.A fellowship was recently established inhonor of Russell M. Wilder by the Na­tional Vitamin Foundation, for the con­tinuing training in the science of nutrition.Holders of doctoral degrees in medicineor one of the biological sciences may be­come candidates for the fellowship. MEDICAL STUDENTSHONOREDThe Senior members of A.O.A. this yearare: George Burnett, Hugh Davis, Ar­nold Flick, Donald Flitman, Peter Gaal,Dallas Glick, Daniel levinson, ArthurOkinaka, Jerry Seidel, Fred B. Stern, andRichard Thompson. Three Juniors werealso elected: John David, Dorothy Gold­man, and Dale Grimes.The Merk Manual Award was given toRichard Chessick and Thomas Dutcher.The American Academy of Dental Medi­cine gave its annual award to Shu-YangWang, and the Ginsberg Award in Physi­ology went to Richard Thompson.The Mosby Book Award went toGeorge Burnett, Hugh Davis, ArnoldFlick, Donald Flitman, and Dallas Glick.The Pfizer Award of $1,000 was given toDorothy Goldman, a Junior.SAVE June 24 for Medical Alum­ni Dinner in San Francisco.SAVE October 5 for Bobs RobertsReunion Dinner at the PalmerHouse, Chicago.