'olume 10 WINTER 1954 Number 2LA RABIDA"AN OUTPOST ON THE FRONTIER"DR. DONALD CASSELS with students and patient, JOYCE O'GARA, in common room at La RabidaLa Rabida Jackson Park Sanitarium isnonsectarian child welfare institutionpported by private charity and devotedthe care of children with rheumaticver and rheumatic heart disease, withI integrated co-operative program ofaching and research.The Medical Executive Committeed the medical chief of staff of La­ibida set the policies of the hospital.ie committee is composed of the chair­sn of the pediatrics departments of the. � medical schools in Chicago-theritch School of Medicine of Loyolauversity, Northwestern University,e �niversity of Illinois, the Chicago�dlcal School, and the University ofuc�go. The responsibility for medicalre IS shared jointly by the participat­l schools, and equal opportunities forldy and teaching are available to all.!Se�rch fellows are selected by theedlcal Executive Comtnittee from alle medical schools to work in the re­uch laboratories at La Rabida. How­er, the current program of clinical andSIC research, conducted partly at the University of Chicago and partly atLa Rabida, is directed solely by theUniversity of Chicago.The philosophy of La Rabida is cen­tered around ideas and people-buildingsand equipment have always been sec­ondary and have grown out of the work.This attitude is also one that is em­bodied in the tradition of the Universityof Chicago: "To be scientists and schol­ars, you do not need finely equippedlaboratories and large research grants,for each patient you treat will present aproblem and a challenge."HISTORYThe history of the development ofLa Rabida is a dramatic one.The site and the name of the JacksonPark Sanitarium date back to theWorld's Columbian Exposition in 1893.The building which housed the Spanishexhibit was named "La Rabida" for anancient monastery which figured in thelife of Columbus. The name means "anoutpost on the frontier," and it wasthere that Columbus found aid when the Spanish government refused to sup­port his around-the-world expedition.After the fair, the Spanish buildingand the replicas of the three ships' usedby Columbus were kept in Jackson Park.The women in the neighborhood organ­ized a summer welfare sanitarium in thebuilding for the care of infantile sum­mer diarrhea. A winter fire destroyed theoriginal structure, and in the early 1930'sthe present sanitarium was built on theshore of Lake Michigan near the originalsite .In the summer of 1897 four hundredand eighty babies were cared for atLa Rabida. In 1906 the records showthat one hundred and fifty-nine babieswere cared for in one day. In 1927La Rabida became a convalescent sani­tarium for children who needed rehabili­tation after rheumatic fever and rheu­matic heart disease. Since 1950, treat­ment of the acute phase of rheumaticfever has been emphasized. By 1952there were three hundred and thirty bedpatients, spending an average of 8l.9days each, and three hundred and sixty-2 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINBEND ITT, FINNEGAN, and DORFMANthree patients on home service.The man who carried La Rabidathrough its critical early years was Rob­ert A. Black. For over forty years Dr.Black was La Rabida. His wife, MaryCleland Black, handled all the businessaffairs of the sanitarium, and the faith­ful Women's Board raised the moneyand contributed inestimable help in vol­unteer work.During the thirties, contributions be­came less and less, and, in spite of usinghis own resources to the limit, Dr.Black was faced with very critical finan­cial problems. His dream was to makeLa Rabida a hospital for the care ofchildren suffering from rheumatic heartdisease in the acute stages, with an out­patient clinic for convalescent childrenand facilities for follow-up after recov­ery into early adulthood.In 1944 Dr. Black presented a planto the deans of all the medical schoolsin Chicago, and on the spot they workedout details of what has now come tobe the modus operandi of the hospital.One by one, the things they plannedhave come to be realities.One of the first steps in the imple­mentation of this program was the ap­pointment of a Men's Board to managethe affairs of La Rabida while theWomen's Board concentrated on fund­raising. Mr. Richard ]. Finnegan, con­sulting editor of the Chicago Sun-Timesand for many years editor and publisherof the Times, is chairman of this board.He is a member of the Council onMedical and Biological Research and ofthe Citizens Board of the University ofChicago. For some time, however, hehas devoted almost full time to La Ra­bida.His character and quality have beenlargely responsible for the hospital'ssteady development from a convalescent sanitarium to a fully equipped, fullystaffed, and adequately financed insti­tution which both merits the respectand co-operation it receives from themedical profession and retains in fullmeasure the devotion and support ofthe community which established it.Since 1950 the Division of Services of'Crippled Children of Illinois has hadlegislative sanction to use funds forthe care of children at La Rabida. Bya change in the state law the hospital isnow allowed to collect fees from pa­tients, according to their ability to pay,and to bill their hospital-plan insurancecompanies. The Chicago Heart Associa­tion has been a principal source ofhelp, and the Women's Board and theVariety Club of Illinois contribute gen­erously. And from the beginning theSouth Park Commission has permittedthis institution to exist on its land,rent-free and tax-free.THE HOSPITALOne of the reasons for the success ofLa Rabida is the devotion and energy ofits chief of staff, Dr. Hugh McCulloch,who has long been interested in rheu­matic fever. He was associate clinicalprofessor of pediatrics at WashingtonUniversity and in charge of the Mis­souri State Service for Crippled Chil­dren until 1949. He is editor-in-chiefof Pediatrics, a member of the AmericanCouncil for Rheumatic Fever, and in1951-52 was president of the AmericanPediatric Society.Under Dr. McCulloch's directorship,treatment of the acute stage of rheu­matic fever has been emphasized, and,at the same time, the total programhas been expanded and improved. Theservices in this program include in­service nursing training and affiliationwith the Chicago Council on Community Nursing. Home service has beenpanded under an adequate social serstaff, A scholarship, created in 1is available at the University ofcago for the last year of work' inSchool of Social Service. The occtional therapy service has been exterto include selected patients on hservice.Through an arrangement withBoard of Education, teachers andterials are supplied to the hospDental service under the UniversitIllinois College of Dentistry is pro':for all patients, including those on hservice,The Gertrude F. Pick Memorial (ter, opened this winter, is a gift ofbert Pick, in memory of his wife.and Mrs. Pick were neighbors of Labida for many years and were fri.of Dr. and Mrs. Robert A. Black.two-story building joins the hospitathe south and is built to take advanof its fine location-Lake Michigarone side and Jackson Park on the atThe Pick Center is an educationalhealth center for La Rabida patieThe follow-up program carries chillinto early adulthood, and, equallyportant, it provides means of reestabing and strengthening the position offamily physician in the family.PATIENT CAREEach participating medical schoolapproximately fourteen beds at Labida for which it is responsible. S1946 Donald Cassels has been chiethe University of Chicago'S servand he and the representatives of aschools at La Rabida exercise indepent judgment in the care and treatnof patients.TEACHINGEach school arranges a teaching Igram according to its own desiresneeds. The program for the UniverMcCULLOCHMEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 3Research group in lobby of Pick Center: SAUL BADER, MARTIN B. MATHEWS, SARA SCHILLER, EARL BENDITT, ANTHONY:IFONELLI, and GERALD BERENSON.f Chicago, under Donald Cassels, COl1-ists of one elective course for medicaltudents each quarter. It is hoped thathis may soon be expanded. All assistantesidents in pediatrics rotate through Latabida for a period of two months each.There are also research fellowshipsnd other types of clinical appointmentsvailable for anyone who wishes thispecial type of training.THE RESEARCH PROGRAMby EARL P. BENDITT, M.D.Associate Professor of PathologyAssistant Director of Research atLa RabidaIn the research program, personnelnd facilities of the La Rabida Sani­irium and the University of Chicagore joined under a working agreementetween the two institutions for theurpose of making a broad attack uponte problem of rheumatic fever andlied diseases. The research group isthe charge of Albert Dorfman, Asso­ate Professor of Pediatrics and Di­ctor of Research, and Earl P. Benditt,ssociate Professor of Pathology andssistant Director of Research at Laabida. Members of the team workinglmarily in the laboratories in the De­rrtment of Pediatrics at the Universitye Martin B. Mathews, Saul Roseman,.d Anthony Cifonelli. Sara Schiller,.ul Bader, and Katherine Smull workimarily in the Morris Fishbein, Jr.,emorial Laboratory at La Rabida. Sev­al research fellows have worked withis group during the past several years:hn E. French of the Department of.thology of Oxford University, Eng- land, Eino Kulonen of the University ofHelsinki, Finland, and Gerald S. Beren­son, currently a United States PublicHealth Service Fellow. All members ofthe group have appointments at theUniversity of Chicago in pediatrics andbiochemistry or in pathology.Research facilities are divided be­tween the University and La Rabida.The principal biochemical laboratoriesare in the Department of Pediatrics;facilities for experimental pathology andthe major portion of the animal studiesare available in the Morris Fishbein,Jr., Memorial Laboratory and the newlaboratories which have been recentlyadded. Additional facilities, mainly forstudent use, are situated in the Depart­ment of Pathology. All the various fa­cilities are now equipped for radioiso­tope experiments. Clinical research fa­cilities are present, and clinical studiesare carried on principally at La Rabida.Support for the research activities hascome from several sources. Among theseare the Variety Club of Illinois, theUnited States Public Health Service,the American Heart Association, theChicago Heart Association, and theHelen Hay Whitney Foundation.CLINICAL RESEARCHThe first joint clinical research pro­ject, a study of the effect of ACTHon rheumatic fever in children, was un­dertaken at Bobs Roberts Hospital in1949. Subsequently a new and largerstudy was begun at La Rabida as partof the Cooperative Study Group spon­sored by the National Heart Council ofthe United States Public Health Serviceand the American Council on Rheumatic Fever and Congenital Heart Disease.The initial phase of this study is com­pleted, and the follow-up period of twomore years is in progress. New studiesin the clinical area are being imple­mented.STUDIES IN THE BIOCHEMISTRY OFCONNECTIVE TISSUEThe program in this area has beendeveloped by Dorfman and stems fromhis early interest in the relationships ofhyaluronidse and hyaluronic acid to con­nective tissue and their possible role inrheumatic disease. The goal of thesestudies is an understanding of the chem­ical structure, metabolism, and disease­state alteration of hyaluronic acid andother polysaccharides of the connective­tissue ground substance. Early phasesof the work involved the developmentof techniques for isolation and char­acterization of the polysaccharides. Withthe basic tools in hand, the problem ofthe metabolism of the polysaccharidesin biological systems was undertaken.The precursors in the synthesis of hyalu­ronic acid by Group A streptococci wereelucidated first. Then a study of themetabolism of this and similar poly­saccharides in animals was begun. Turn­over studies in normal rabbit skin arenearing completion. With this informa­tion on the normal at hand, studies ofthe alterations occurring in disease willproceed. New studies also under wayseek for the enzymes and enzymaticmechanisms involved in the metabolismof hyaluronic acid in the bacteria.Another major program being pur­sued by Martin Mathews consists of[C ontinued on page 15]4 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINFACULTY NEWSWilliam E. Adams has been appointeda member of the Board of Trustees of t.heEdward Sanatorium in Naperville, Illinois.Dr. Adams spoke on "Indeterminate Pul­monary Lesions-Differential Diagnosis andSignificance of Early Recognition" on No­vember 2 before the International MedicalAssembly in Chicago, and Wright R.Adams spoke on "Treatment of Cardio­vascular Diseases with Anticoagulants" atthe November 3 session, while Carl P.Huber, now chairman of the Departmentof Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Indi­ana University School of Medicine, spokeon "Prolonged Labor," and L. R. Drag­sredt discussed "The Etiology of Gastricand Duodenal Ulcers" on November 4.Recently appointed on the consultingstaff of Provident Hospital were: DoctorsWilliam Adams, Emmet Bay, WilliamDieckmann, H. Close Hesseltine, Paul C.Hodges, Arlington Krause, and SidneySchulman.Robert M. Appleman became professorand chairman of the Department of Pros­thetics at Northwestern University onJanuary I.Percival Bailey participated in the sec­ond annual cancer seminar of the Arizonadivision of the American Cancer Societyin Phoenix, January 14-16. Dr. Bailey hasbeen appointed chairman of the IllinoisPsychiatric Research Council by GovernorStratton. This council advises the gover­nor and the public welfare department onstate mental hospital activities. Dr. Baileyand Paul C. Bucy attended the Interna­tional Neurological Congress in Lisbon,Portugal, this fall. Dr. Bailey gave anaddress on "Psychomotor Epilepsy" at ameeting in Seville, Spain, and Dr. Bucyspoke on "Experimental Studies on theTemporal Lobe." Both are members ofthe faculty of the University of IllinoisCollege of Medicine.Among those making addresses at thededication of the Thudichum PsychiatricResearch Laboratory at the State ResearchHospital in Galesburg, Illinois, on October17, were Percival Bailey and Ralph W.Gerard, both now members of the facultyof the University of Illinois.D. M. Bergenstal, '47, addressed theChicago Rheumatism Society on Novem­ber 18. His subject was "AcromegalicArthritis."William Bloom discussed "Irradiationof Small Parts of Dividing Cells" at theJanuary 11 meeting of the Chicago Patho­lozical Society.Douglas Buchanan talked on "Neuro­Ophthalmology" at the January 18 meet­ing of the Chicago Ophthalmological So­ciety.Anton J. Carlson was one of the speak­ers at the Alcohol Studies Conference heldat the University of Mississippi in Uni­versity, December 4-5. David S. Pankratz,dean of the school of medicine, also par­ticipated in the conference.Dr. Dwight Clark has been made amember of the Society of Clinical Surgery.At the January 8 meeting of the Chi­cago Surgical Society James S. Clarkegave a paper on "Anastomosis of Renal Walter Lincoln Palmer wasnamed the Richard T. Crane Pro­fessor of Medicine, and William E.Adams the James Nelson and AnnaLouise Raymond Professor of Sur­gery. Both appointments were effec­tive February 1.to Superior Mesenteric Artery PermittingResection of Lesions Involving the Prox­imal Superior Mesenteric Artery"; Peter V.Moulder, '45, discussed "Short-SegmentAortic Coarctation in the Infant"; andJ. Garrott Allen spoke on "Colectomyfor Acute Phase of Ulcerative Colitis."William Dieckmann is president of theSociety of University Gynecologists, whichmet in Cincinnati, December 12-13. At theexpiration of his term as chairman of theDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyDr. Dieckmann asked to be relieved of ad­ministrative responsibilities in order to de­vote his full time to research.Robert Ebert, '42, has been elected sec­retary-treasurer of the Central Society forClinical Research. Dr. Ebert is one of thedoctors named by Mayor Kennelly to fillvacancies on the nine-man advisory boardto Municipal Tuberculosis Sanitarium, Chi­cago.Wesley Eisele, now on the faculty ofthe University of Colorado Medical School,lectured at the Veterans AdministrationHospital in Albuquerque, New' Mexico, onDecember 11.On February 1 Thomas F. Gallagher,formerly on the biochemistry staff hereand now with the Sloan-Kettering Insti­tute in New York, lectured on "Metabo­lism of Steroids" at The Clinics. He spentthe day visiting the Ben May laboratoriesand seeing many of his old friends at theUniversity.E. M. K. Geiling is chairman of theSubcommittee on Research, Council onPharmacy and Chemistry, American Medi­cal Association.\'Q'ayne Gordon, of Billings, Montana,has been installed as president of theAmerican Association of Medical Clinics.Paul V. Harper, Jr., presented a paperby Edward R. Woodward and himself en­titled "The Prevention of Peritoneal TumorImplants by Radioactive Colloidal Gold"before the Chicago Surgical Society onDecember 11.C. Howard Hatcher spoke on "Treat­ment of Joint Tuberculosis" on January 27before a meeting of the Chicago Rheuma­tism Society, and Martin B. Matthewsdiscussed "Recent Advances in Our Knowl­edge of the Nature of Pro-collagen andCollagen."H. Close Hesseltine discussed "Chang­ing Patterns in Obstetric Practice" at theannual meeting of the Kentucky StateMedical Association in Louisville, Septem­ber 22-24. Dr. Hesseltine was guest ofhonor at the dedication of the new Ma­ternity Hospital of the University of ElSalvador in San Salvador, Central America,on December 12 and presided as Honorary President at the first meeting of the (tral American Obstetrical and Gynecolcal Society which followed. He alsotured on "The Reduction in Maternal 1\tality during the Last Twenty-five Yeat one of the scientific sessions.Paul C. Hodges is one of the autof the book, A Planning Guide for Ralogic Installations, -published under thepervision of the American College of Rolozy.Charles B. Huggins is the recipient ojannual award of the American Cancerciety for his contributions to' cancer reseaThe award was presented at the ammeeting of the society in New York CitjNovember 5. Dr. Huggins, James WCarpender, and Harold C. Urey \among the participants on the second Igram of the fall series of "The MaretMedicine" and reported on cancer resesin a national telecast on November 5NBC-TV.Eleanor M. Humphreys discussed "T,poral and Facial Arteritis" at the Nov,ber 9 meeting of the Chicago PathologSociety.On February 1 M. Edward Davisbecame chairman of the Departmentof Obstetrics and Gynecology.John Hutchens participated in a cference at the National Institute of HeaBethesda, Maryland, October 28-29. 'Hutchens family will sail in MarchLondon, where he will spend about eigeen months in the Office of Naval ResealThe January 21 meeting of the JackPark Branch of the Chicago Medicalciety consisted of a "Cine" educational pgram presented by staff members of Wo,lawn Hospital. Hilger Perry JenkiRush, '27, was chairman of the prestations. Andrew J. Brislen, '34, presen"Multiple Aortic Aneurysms"; DavidFox, '44, "Regional Enteritis"; MyronHipskind, Res., "Surgical CorrectionVertigo"; Rudolph W. Janda, '44, "Intsusception in Adults"; and Daniel J. Pa,man, Res., "Intestinal Obstruction DueAscaris Lumbricoides." .Richard Jones discussed "ExperimenAtherosclerosis (Recent Advances)" at .joint meeting of the Chicago Heart As.ciation and the Society of Internal Mecine on December 14.V. C. Kaupis is in his third-year mecal residency at the medical center of WNew England, consisting of Mary Hit.cock Memorial Hospital, Dartmouth Mecal School, Hitchcock Clinic and V.A. H,pital in White River Junction, VermontLloyd Kozloff of physiology, withwife and two boys, has gone to Califonfor six months on a Commonwealth Flowship. He is working with Professvan Niel at Stanford University.Arlington C. Krause has been namedconsultant to the Children's Bureau of tFederal Department of Health.Peter C. Kronfeld, Chicago, gave tlContinued on page 6]MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINALlIS AEDIFICAT 5McLEANThe patients, medical students, andaff of the hospitals and clinics of theniversity of Chicago owe those splen­d facilities to the minds and handsi many men and women. Presidents,ustees, and members of Rockefellerlards have done much of the work;mtributors of money ranging from a:w dollars to millions have played an.sential and greatly appreciated role;id dedicated faculty members, such asie late Dallas B. Phemister, have set.andards of character and quality ofnmeasurable worth. But one man aboveII others is responsible for the generalrrangement of the physical plant whichas grown so magnificently under Dr.'oggeshall ; one man mapped the broadperational plan which at its inceptionsceived more ridicule than praise andet only a quarter of a century lateras come to be widely admired, if onlyifrequently copied. This chief architectf the plant and the plan for a full­me staff is Franklin C. McLean, whon June 30, 1953, retired from his pro­sssorship in the Department of Physiol­gy and became emeritus.Born on Leap Day (February 29),888, in Maroa, Illinois, the son andrands on of physicians, Dr. McLean re­eived a B.Sc. degree from the Univer­ty of Chicago when he was only nine­een years old and was elected to Phi.eta Kappa the same year. Duringiedical school days he served as assist­nt in pharmacology, and, after receiv­rg his M.D. from Rush in 1910 andiking an internship at Cook CountyIospital, he was called to the Univer­ty of Oregon as professor of pharma­llogy. During the course of the OregonJpointment he came back to Chicago'f a Summer Quarter as instructor inrarmacology, was awarded an M.S. degree, and subsequqently studied foreight months at the universities of Grazand Vienna (1912-13).He spent the period 1914-16 at theRockefeller Institute working with Don­ald Van Slyke and Alfred E. Cohn;there was a Ph.D. in physiology fromthe University of Chicago in 1915; andin 1916 Dr. McLean accepted the di­rectorship and the chairmanship of medi­cine in the medical school which theChina Medical Board of the RockefellerFoundation was preparing to build inPeking.A journey to China in the summer of1916 was the fi rst of many trips to theOrient during the planning, building,and early operation of the Peking UnionMedical College; and, in addition tothe China responsibilities, Dr. McLeanserved as first lieutenant, captain. andmajor in the Medical Corps of theUnited States Army between 1917 and1919. With the close of World War Ihe took up residence in Peking, resign­ing the directorship so that he mightdevote all his time to the chairmanshipof the Department of Medicine. In thespring of 1923, after marrying Dr. HelenVincent, he returned to the UnitedStates and became chairman of the new­ly created Department of Medicine atthe University of Chicago.For the next five years, Dr. McLeanserved the University of Chicago in acapacity which many institutions dignifywith the title "Vice-President in Chargeof Medical Affairs," but until he wasmade Director of the University Clinicsin 1928 his only official status was thatof Professor and Chairman of the De- partment of Medicine. In the nine yearsfrom 1923 to 1932 the physical natureand intellectual character of the medicalschool at the University of Chicago as­sumed the pattern that seems so reason­able and inevitable to us today, and the"full-time" principle, which at first hadfew advocates and innumerable critics,became so firmly established that it wasable to survive the passage of the na­tion from the easygoing affluence of the1920's to the financial depression of the1930's. Growth of plant and staff wasall but stopped at the depth of the de­pression, but, with the easing of finan­cial stringency in the late 1930's, thatgrowth was resumed and in recent yearshas been greatly accelerated.In 1933 Dr. McLean resigned fromclinical and administrative work to be­come Professor of Pathological Physiol­ogy in the Department of Physiology,and the succeeding twenty years haveproved to be more scientifically pro­ductive than any previous period in hislife. Several scores of publications re­cord the work of this period, most ofthem concerned with some phase ofmineral metabolism or the growth ofbone. World War II brought service aslieutenant colonel and then colonel inthe Medical Corps of the Army of theUnited States with assignment to chem­ical warfare service; and during andsince the war Dr. McLean has beendirector of several government projectson the campus and elsewhere, with ap­pointments as "consultant," "panel mem­ber," "committee member," etc., toonumerous for detailed inclusion here.He is the recipient of many military andBookplate presented to Dr. McLEAN in 19336 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINcivilian decorations and citations andhas taken a prominent part locally andnationally in improving facilities for theeducation of Negro nurses and physi­cians.At the time of Dr. McLean's retire­ment from clinical work in 1933 hiscolleagues presented him with the book­plate tha t is reproduced here. It isin the form of a Chinese rug with bor­der ornaments and adjacent plaques pic­turing the highlights of a busy andproductive life. Even in 1933 it wasdifficult to find place on the plate forsymbols for all his activities up to theage of forty-five. and how impossiblethe task would be twenty years later!At the upper left the seal of the U ni­versity of Oregon commemorates Dr.Mcl.ean's earliest academic appoint­ment. Next are bags of money signify­ing the raising of funds. the formulafor the Urea Index which he devised.and the architect's tools which he usedso frequently during the planning ofbuildings in Peking and Chicago. Nextcome the symbols of other medicalschool activities that have benefitedfrom his efforts-anatomy, microscopy.cardiology, bacteriology, pharmacy. Atthe center, above the border, the sealof the American consulate in Tientsin.China, commemorates the marriage ofFranklin and Helen McLean there inJune, 1923. Next come serology, mam­malian and nonrnarnrnalian evperirnenta­tion, and reference to military service inWorld War I; and then, at the ex­treme right, the mason's trowel. Ofcourse, the small plaque at the upperright corner is the shield of the Uni­versity of Chicago, and the large plaqueat the right shows one of the towersof Billings Hospital inclosed in a geo­metric frame signifying the Quadrangles.At the lower right are the seals of RushMedical College and of the Julius Rosen­wald Fund, and in the large plaque atthe left one sees in the foreground thesoutheast corner of the beautiful ad­ministration building of the PekingUnion Medical College with the Physiol­ogy Building in the background. TheChinese characters in the left border ofthis plaque read, from above downward,"Peking Union Medical College, Me­Lean."At the lower left are the seals of thePeking Union Medical College and theRockefeller Institute, and returning tothe lower left corner of the border onefinds the irrigation apparatus and thefilter flask of clinical medicine, the in­struments of the surgeon and obstetri­cian, and a reproduction of one of thestone plaques that decorate ChicagoLying-in Hospital symbolizing neurology.Next come crutches and cane to signifythe Home fer Destitue Crippled Chil­dren; the cat, so useful in experimentalwork: and crippled child beneath a tree. representing the Country Home for Con­valescent Children, formerly operatedby the University. In sequence followa clinical chart and thermometer, theinstruments of the otolaryngologist andpharmacist, a newborn babe, a wheel­chair signifying hospitals in general, anX-ray tube, and a laboratory mouse.Toward the right in the lower borderthere is another of the Lying-in Hos­pital plaques, followed by an electro­cardiograph strip, an ultraviolet lamp,and a hypodermic syringe. At the centerbelow the border appears the seal of theUniversity of Graz, and at the right ofthe space for catalogue number the art­ist. Mr. Frank S. Moulton of Madison,Wisconsin, has left his monogram.Finally, above and at the right, thereis a Latin motto which was devised forFranklin by his friends twenty yearsago and has been used as the captionfor this sketch. It truly represents theman because it means "he builds forothers. ,.PAUL C. HODGES, M.D.RESIDENT NEWSImbi Aavik has left anesthesiology to goto Montreal General Hospital.Mario P. Bautista will be at KapiolaniMaternity and Gynecologicla Hospital inHonolulu, Hawaii, after July 1 of this year.Col. Paul A. Campbell, now serving asaeromedical assistant to the attache at theLondon embassy, was among those pres­ented to Queen Elizabeth at her last Buck­ingham palace function before she left No­vember 23 for her around-the-world tour.Angelo P. Crericos was appointed assist­ant professor of medicine at the Universitvof Illinois Medical College September i,1953, on a full-time basis, and assistant di­rector of the newly established RespiratoryCenter at the Research and EducationalHospital. In addition, he is serving as anassociate in medicine at the Cook CountyHospital.James Dougherty spoke on "A GranularCell Myoblastoma within a CutaneousNerve" on November 9 before a meetingof the Chicago Pathological Society.James Henry Ferguson is assistant pro­fessor in the Department of Obstetrics andGynecology at Tulane University.M. M. Hipskind presented a motion pic­ture on "Differential Diagnosis of Vertigo"at the November 2 meeting of the Chica­go Laryngological and Otological Society.1. H. Kass, who was an intern in pedi­atrics in 1930-31 and fellow at the MayoFoundation 1931-33, is now practicing pe­diatrics in Toledo, Ohio. He is a Fellow ofthe American Academy of Pediatrics andpediatrician of the Child Studv Institute ofLucas County. .Robert E. Lane, after completing his resi­dency and instructorship at Chicago Lying­in in August, 1953, joined the Departmentof Obstetrics-Gynecology at Emory Uni­versity as full-time assistant professor.Raymond R. Lanier of Denver has beenelected vice-president of the Colorado Ra­diological Society.George B. McMurrrey was elected sec- retary-treasurer of the University ofbraska chapter of Alpha Omego Alpbaa three-year term. He is also now onsurgical faculty of the University ofbraska College of Medicine.Richard P. Muller is opening a' branew office for the practice of pediatric:Elmhurst, Illinois, in association withStuart, who also trained at Bobs.1. Robert Plotnick has new ground-foffices for his pediatric practice in SkoIllinois.Bruce Ralston of Neurosurgery has taa position with the National InstitutesHealth in Bethesda, - Maryland.Cyrus Rubin, Gastroenterology, has ten a position at the University of W�innton in Seattle.F. Stuart Ryerson is in the Army, bulis looking for a lucrative eye practice iwarm climate for about September, 195!Dr. Guy Schlaseman, Radiology,joined the staff of Watts Hospital in Dham, North Carolina.Melvin Schudmak is in a ten-man gnin Baton Rouge, Louisiana in the Dep:ment of Obstetrics and Gynecology.Gordon H. Scott addressed the Rockland Chapter of the Illinois AcademyGeneral Practice in Moline on DecemberHis subject was "Office Management of E"Jose, and Throat Conditions as Seenthe General Practitioner."Irvin Strub, Gastroenterology, has g'into private practice in Chicago.Capt. Richard Zimmerman, who wa1949-50 intern, is stationed with the UniStates Air Force near Oxford, England. Iaddress is 7515 Hospital Group, APO 1c/o Postmaster, New York.Faculty News-[C ontinued from page 4]eighth Francis 1. Proctor Lecture, "Ilayed Restoration of the Anterior Cha:ber." during the ophthalmologic confence held at the University of CalifonMedical School in San Francisco, Deceiber 2-5.Huberta Livingstone has been electa corresponding member of the MexicSociety of Anaesthesiology. She is the seond American to be thus honored.Esmond R. Long, Rush '26, presidedDirector of Medical Research at the 0tober 12-15 meeting of the American Trdeau Society in New York City: WilliaE. Adams and Lawrence B. Hobson, '4of New York City served on the Commitee on Medical Research, while Robert IEbert, '42, acted as chairman of the Conmittee on Therapy. Byron F. Francis, 'Seattle, is a member of the Editorial Boaiof the American Review of Tubercuiosiand William B. Tucker, '33, of Minn,apolis is on the council of the AmericaTrudeau Society.Clayton Loosli, '37, was elected vice-preident of the Central Society for ClinicResearch for 1954. He is also a member Ithe Poliomyelitis Technical Advisory Conmittee, Illinois Department of Public Realtand a member of the subcommittee for r,viewing scientific evidence for the safe'and effectiveness of polio vaccine.At the annual meeting of the New YO]State Society of Anesthesiology, E. �.[Continued on page 13]MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINGEORGE K. K. LINK 7The retirement of Professor George. K. Link in September, 1953, markse end of his twenty-ninth year ofrvice in the Department of Botany.e came first to the University of Chi­.go in 1906 and received his Bachelor's:gree in 1910. After that, he was as­stant botanist in the Kansas Agricul­ral College; received an A.M. frome University of Nebraska in 1912;rd until 1916 held staff positions atebraska Agricultural College while he1S completing his doctoral work inant physiology. He served then as'ofessor of plant physiology at theebraska Agricultural College until119, when he became a pathologist in.e Bureau of Plant Industry of thenited States Department of Agricul­Ire. In 1924 he returned to the Uni­irsity of Chicago as associate professorplant physiology.As Professor Link's students know, he!S developed a distinctive approach toe concept of disease and has expand­I plant pathology into a broad and in­usive science, showing the unity of allganisms and all possible approachestheir study. He presented the latest-rsion of this to the Botany Club at, final meeting in May. After threevisions since 1950, the syllabus inneral plant pathology will appear asbook, and Dr. Link remembers "grate­lIy the students and assistants, who,. their reactions (negative, positive,counter) to it since 1924, have con­buted to its continued improvementd the sharpening of its concepts.".! is also completing, in collaborationth Professor Einarson of the Depart­mt of Greek, the final translation of� oldest extant treatise on plant ecol­y, physiology, and pathology writtenTheophrastus more than two thous­d years ago.Since 1950 Dr. Link and his students,,lIaborating with Dr. E. S. G. Barronthe Department of Medicine, Dr. R. M. Klein, an American Cancer Soci­ety postdoctoral fellow, and others, havebeen hard at work on various aspects ofmetabolism and structure in three differ­ent pathological situations: albinism ofcorn (genetic composition plays themain role in the causal complex), blackheart of potato (physical environmentplays the main role in the causal com­plex), and crown-gall and a plant wilt(a micro-organism plays a necessaryrole in the causal complex). Ten papershave been published as a result of thesestudies, in a variety of journals.The Botany Club has thrived underthe direction of Dr. Link (and, in hisabsence, Dr. Raper), meeting weekly.In 1951 the local chapter of the Amer­ican Association of University Profes­sors for the second time elected Dr.Link president.In 191 S Dr. Link married AdelineDeSale, and theirs was an especiallyhappy and congenial companionship.They both shared an enthusiasm for theoutdoors and especially for mountain­climbing. The Links spent many sum­mers in Yoho National Park in BritishColumbia near the Alberta boundary,astride the main line of the CanadianPacific Railroad. Here at Lake O'Hara,an eight-mile hike south from the rail­road, and separated from well-populatedLake Louise by the 11,365-foot MountVictoria, they made their headqquarters.Their time here was spent in buildinghikers' trails, and the Canadian NationalPark authorities have accepted and willmaintain the forty miles of trail whichDr. Link and his friends built in thisregion. One of these is officially namedthe Adeline Trail, in memory of hiswife, who died in 1943.Dr. Link was one of eleven childrenand was reared under the austere andidealistic eye of a German Lutheranminister. All this brood have developedinto highly individual and valuable citi­zens, and Link has been no exceptionin the individuality and flavor of hispersonality. He has worn shorts in thesummer, when the conductors of theICRR have felt compelled to order himfrom their sacrosanct precincts, andmore lately he has· indulged in full­sized beards and cowboy ties, much tothe pleasure of his more conventionaland timid colleagues. Coupled with thisis an unusual acquaintance with theolog­ical and metaphysical terminology, notused always in the most Christian-likemanner. His ability to quote Scripturehas an occasion not only confoundedhis administrative superiors but has beenthe delight of his colleagues at meetingsof the University Senate.Dr. Link will maintain his Chicagoresidence and plans to "read a lot, travelas much as I can afford, and write asmuch as will give me pleasure andsatisfaction." JOHN MANN BEALJohn M. Beal, Professor of Botany,retired last September after twenty-fouryears of devoted and meritorious serviceto the University. Many Medical Alum­ni who did not take advanced work inbotany will remember him as a teacherin general biology courses and as thefather of John M. Beal, Jr., '41, who isnow Associate Professor of Surgery atCornell.A native of North Carolina, ProfessorBeal received his undergraduate trainingat North Carolina State College, a M.Sc.degree from Mississippi State College,and a Ph.D. degree from the Universityof Wisconsin. He served on the facultyof Mississippi State College, '1911-29,and from 1915 to 1929 as professor ofbotany and head of the department inthe Agricultural Experiment Station. In1929 he joined our Department of Bot­any as associate professor and becameprofessor in 1931. He was chairman ofthe department from 1949 to 1953. Hewas awarded a General Education BoardFellowship in 1934 and spent severalmonths at the John Innes HorticulturalInstitution in England and at the Uni­versity of Louvain. He served as visit­ing professor of botany at LouisianaState University in the summer of 1940.Since retirement he has been appointedconsulting plant geneticist with the Divi­sion of Tobacco, Medicinal, and SpecialCrops under the Agricultural ResearchService of the United States Depart­ment of Agriculture.Aside from courses in his special fieldof cytology, Professor Beal taughtcourses in general botany and in themorphology of algae and fungi. His re­search interests have included cytolog­ical studies on cotton, date palm, pine,[Continued on page 15]8 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINRUSH ALUMNI NEWS'91. Frank C. Wiser lives in North Holly­wood, California, and on account "f theinvalidism of his wife he spends most of histime at home. He keeps busy doing a littlewriting-some creative and some reminis­cent of his early days in western Kansas,where in the 1880's he and his family strug­gled to make a living from the land. Theyfinally traded their homestead for a coveredwagon and a team of horses to take themeastward to more fertile ground. Dr. Wiseris retired from active practice but still seespatients at home. He is most interested innutrition.SKINNER'96. James E. Skinner and his wife, SusanLawrence, M.D. (Women's Medical College,1894), were medical missionaries under theMethodist Board in China from 1897 to1944, when the State Department orderedthem home. Dr. Skinner returned to HongKong last summer mainly in order to selecta seven-year-old Chinese orphan girl foradoption into the family of his son, Law­rence (U of C, '35). One of Dr. Skinner'schief interests since leaving China has beenthe making of Kahn antigen which he sendsto hospitals and laboratories all over theworld-India, Malaya, Africa, Iran, andmany other countries. Each batch is testedby Dr. Kahn and pronounced excellent.More recently Dr. Skinner has been inter­ested in "meals for millions," the protein­food supplement manufactured in Los Ang­eles. He took about 400 pounds of this(enough for 3,200 meals) with him and hadas much more sent direct, to be used chieflyby orphanages in Hong Kong.On his eighty-sixth birthday, last Decem­ber 21, a reception was held in his honor.He was presented with fifteen pounds ofsilver dollars (over $275.00) to support hisvarious projects.Dr. Skinner is still hale and hearty andthinks nothing of walking four or five milesbefore lunch.'97. N. H. Scheldrup has retired fromhis practice in Minneapolis and spends sixmonths of the year in Miami, Florida, andthe other six months in Minneapolis andOntario, where he has a summer home onRainy Lake. '03. John B. Matthews lives in NewPort Richey, Florida, and says that, al­though he still does a little work, it isvery limited. He says he enjoys the BUL­LETIN very much.Hugh McKenna is soon to publish hisbiography. The story of his many years asa practicing surgeon in Chicago is lookedforward to with much interest by his col­leagues. Dr. McKenna was one of the pi­oneers in bringing about high standards ofmedical education and practice in this areaand at St. Joseph Hospital in particular.'13. Ralph H. Kuhns, of the VeteransAdministration, has been appointed to theeditorial staff of Post-Graduate Medicine,the official journal of the Interstate Post­Graduate Medical Association of NorthAmerica.Edwin M. Miller presided at the CineClinics of the American College of Sur­geons meeting on October 7 and spokeon "Surgical Treatment of Intussuscep­tion" at the October 6 session. '23, WillisJ. Potts discussed "Congenital Anomaliesof the Colon, Rectum, and Anus" at thesame session; '35, John Olwin gave apaper on "The Use of Anticoagulants inVein Pathology"; '29, Fred O. Priestspoke on "Pregnancy and Ulcerative Co­litis"; and '20, Edward D. Allen dis­cussed "Vaginal Hysterectomy for UterineProlapse" and presented a film on "Endome­triosis."'19. Florence Olive Austin is a member-ef the International Congress of Psychiat­rists and attended the first congress at Parisin 1950-her third trip to Europe. In 1951she attended the Congress of Mental Healthin Mexico City and toured South America.'20. Rober N. Wimmer is in general prac­tice in Gary, Indiana. He has nothing tosay about himself but reports about his son,J ames Robert. He was graduated from Am­herst in 1950 and from Yale Law Schoollast June and in September was appointedclerk to Supreme Court Justice Minton.'22. Raymond Householder of Chicagois chief surgeon for the Milwaukee Rail­road, lines east. He is currently treasurer ofthe American Association for the Surgeryof Trauma.Louis Leiter, clinical professor of medi­cine at Columbia University College of Phy­sicians and Surgeons and chief of the medi­cal division of Montefiore Hospital, lecturedon "The Medical Treatment of Hyperten­sion" during the clinical conference of theChicago Medical Society, March 2-5.'23. Dorothy Grey has just returned froma trip around the world. She stopped atMoulmein, Burma, to see her sister '21Anna Barbara, who is chief of staff' of �hospital averaging one hundred and twentybed patients and sixty out-patients daily.Sung Tao Kwan is on the surgical staffof the Kaiser Foundation Hospital at Rich­mond, California.Willis J. Potts, surgeon-in-chief of Chil­dren's Memorial Hospital, spoke on "Dysp­nea Due to Deformities of the Aortic Arch"before the January 18 meeting of the Chi­cago Society of Allergy. He has beenelected president of the Institute of Medi­cine of Chicago, and Henry T. Ricketts will continue as chairman of the BoardGovernors.'25. Mabel G. Masten returned Deceber 5 to her duties at the UniversityWisconsin Medical School after th:months' absence in Florida. She was eleclpresident for 1953-54 of the Central NEropsychiatric Association at their anmmeeting in Indianapolis in October.Libby Pulsifer, who is chief of the mEical service and chairman of the mediiboard of Rochester General Hospital,the fifteenth M.D. in five generations. Ison thought the line had run out, sowent into the newspaper business. 0daughter graduated from St. Laurencephysical education, and the younger daugter is a freshman in physical educationPurdue. Dr. Pulsifer writes, "Let's havereunion of the class of 1925 in 1955!"'27. Alexander Brunschwig talked I"Surgical Treatment of Cancer of the C€vix" on October 14 at the annual CaneConference for Physicians held in Provdence under the auspices of the Rho,Island Medical Society.Hilger Perry Jenkins addressed tlSouth Chicago Branch of the Chicago Melical Society on January 26. His subjewas "Acute Surgical Lesions of the IItestines" (illustrated with movies). DJenkins and Fred Kredel (Res. '29) amernbers of the Board of Governors of tlAmerican College of Surgeons.'28. Helen Coyle is in the private pratice of psychoanalysis in Peoria.'30. Irene Neuhauser gave an addreentitled "Pictorial Glimpses of Past Cutures in Modern Spain" before the Jaruary 13 meeting of the American Medic:Women's Association, Branch No.2. '2.M. Alice Phillips is president of th:organization.'31. Louis B. Newman since last Odeber has been chief of physical rnedicirand rehabilitation service at the VeterarAdministration Research Hospital in Ch:cago.'32. After a school year of postdoctorrstudy in public health for the Masterdegree, George M. De Young is now rezional medical consultant for the NationsFoundation for Infantile Paralysis, Inc.'33. Erma Smith has left the' CushinVeterans Administration Hospital in Framingharn, Massachusetts, and is now a stamember at VA Hospital in Hines, IIlinoi:Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabi!itation.'37. Jacob S. Aronoff is married to Mi!Sonia Darrin of Los Angeles. He has beeappointed associate clinical professor cotolaryngology at New York State University of Medicine.D. L. Bell owns and operates his owhospital in Ward County, Texas. Eighother doctors are on the hospital staff, D:Bell is in general practice with empbasion surgery and industrial medicine.The William J. Pitlicks have anotheson, John Charles, born September 2:1953.Thomas W. Reul is associated witS. J. Walters and Myron W. Larsen,'2l[Continued on page 151MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINJLLlN TURNER WOODY ATT 9Rollin Turner Woodyatt, Rush, '02,.d December 17, 1953. Dr. Woodyatt wase of Rush's most distinguished teachersd investigators, and generations of Rushiduates show the influence of his char­:er, ideals, and scientific methods. The'LLETIN prints below the objective butrving tribute of one of his former pupilsd associates, Arthur Ralph Colwell,Ish '21, at present professor and chairmanthe Department of Medicine at North­stern University.Eulogy by a Devoted Pupil athis Funeral ServicesDecember 21, 1953Fourth Presbyterian Church,Chicago[ am deeply appreciative of the privilegepaying tribute to a great man anditeful for the opportunities of the pastich gave me the knowledge to do so.cording to my standards, his was theest medical mind this city has producedthis century, and many of his colleaguesi students have been profoundly in­enced by it. Too often are the greatrks of a scholar such as this paid little:d until a time like the present. Then allI little can be said in tribute, and all ofmust be said after he has gone. Rolliniodyatt was completely satisfied withresults which he knew and saw. Heved no applause and was embarrassedexpressed gratitude. He was amply re­rded, I know, by the certainty that herted constructive forces at fundamentalels. The results and potentials of theseIe him great satisfaction.'lis father was a physician who died in:Idle age. His mother lived a long time,s his confidante and companion, and hes devoted to her. She was the sister offamed Chicago planner and architect,niel H. Burnham, who had a deep in­ence in Rollin Woodyatt's early life ander philosophy. In fact, it was concernhis uncle's welfare which influenceda to spend his life in the study andatment of diabetes. There were no sis­s, and only one brother, Ernest, anhitect, who lived to middle age, like hisher. Rollin virtually adopted this familyhis own. The children are his closesting relatives, since he was a bachelor..n his early adulthood the discovery ofalbuminuria, then thought to representiopeless chronic disease, led him to be­Ie that he had only a short time to live.ose who know his idealism, ambition,I determination will readily understandN his entire life became affected by this:look. He felt that he must accomplishch in a short time, sacrifice a family ofown, and consider time and effort noect whatsoever. The fact that the con­ion proved to be transient and harm­. then permitted a full lifetime of ac­oplishment, for the pattern was set.ifter his college work at Cornell andmedical training at Rush, he studiedler the great organic chemist N ef atUniversity of Chicago, in the field ofbohydrate metabolism. This was fol­-ed by a period of study in Vienna. Hisatest research training, however, was\funich, working under the famous phy- WOODYATTsician and investigator in metabolism,Friedrich Mueller. He enjoyed relating howhe worked as a technician doing countlessuric acid determinations, ignored in a cor­ner of the laboratory, until after sixmonths Mueller let him know that he hadsuccessfully withstood the tests of thorough­ness and patience. He then accepted himin his own research in an intimate precep­torial relationship.On his return to this country, RollinWoodyatt worked at Presbyterian Hospitalunder Frank Billings and James B. Herrick,but his interest in research and diffidencetoward practice soon made him independ­ent. Research support became available,and many productive years followed, in­volving laboratory studies, for the mostpart, of the chemistry and physiology ofcarbohydrate metabolism and experimentalforms of diabetes. This period of investi­gation was followed by a tour of duty inthe first World War, in which he becamea major in the United States Army.Soon after his return to Chicago the dis­covery of insulin in 1921 precipitated someradical changes in his career. His laboratoryand hospital beds at Presbyterian were thesource of reliable and priceless early studiesof the use of this hormone. The Chicagoarea was dependent upon him, in fact, forlife-sa ving supplies of it before it becameavailable in the market. Thereafter hisprivate practice grew steadily, and his timefor research diminished. But some patientsstill were forgotten because of his intensivestudy of others, with no consciousness ofpassage of time on his part. Indeed, it wascharacteristic of him to be oblivious of allelements of time and schedule, primarilybecause of the intensity of his preoccupa­tion with problems at hand and lack ofconcern for practical considerations. Thereare many amusing stories of his apparentforgetfulness. But he didn't forget. He sim­ply hadn't even become a ware in the firstplace because of prior interest in somethingelse. Not many understood this. Some wereantagonized by it unless they, themselves,became the object of his preoccupation andconcentrated study. Then they becameadmirers.During this clinical period of his careerthere were literally hundreds of pupils atRush and Presbyterian who came into close contact with him professionally and tu­torially. He studied most of them thought­fully, inspired them critically, and trainedthem meticulously by personal effort­again without regard for time, energy, orexpense. His was a one-pupil school withone brilliant and uncompromising precep­tor. His exhaustive methods of logical andanalytical study are responsible for a multi­tude of careful observations, correct de­ductions, and new discoveries by the bene­ficiaries of his training.His inventive genius was demonstratedrepea tedly in the devising 0 f new appara­tus and development of new· methods forthe treatment of disease. He wrote beauti­fully and painstakingly, on scientific andnonscientific subjects alike. I have seen himspend one entire afternoon and eveningwithout food, writing and revising a singleparagraph, and days writing a paper onlyto tear it up and start over again. In this,as in everything else, he adhered stoutlyto a conviction that nothing he did wasperfect, that everything could be improved(gi ven time and the will to do it), and thatpractically everything was worth that ef­fort or it should not have been undertakenin the first place. In this he was utterlymerciless in his criticism toward himselfand was genuinely bewildered if it was re­sented when directed at the efforts of others.In his mind it was the product that mat­tered, not the feelings of the one who pro­duced it.His knowledge of art and architecturewas impressive, his taste in literature ex­quisite, and his enjoyment of competitionin sports and games keen. He was a goodmathematician, an able psychologist, astern disciplinarian, an efficient organizer,and a shrewd judge of people and theirfaults and virtues. Friendship had to be wonfrom him by unselfish motives and intel­lectual honesty. But his friends, thus ac­cepted, then always were the object of gen­erous support and fierce loyalty. Those whofailed to keep faith were simply ignoredwithout pretense. Some were offended bycritical attitudes which were completely im­personal, but his friends learned to acceptthese as purely academic and objective, oftenlearning something valuable therefrom. Hewas the soul of integrity-an aristocrat inbehavior and human relations. His career isthe perfect example of a medical life care­fully balanced to include generous amountsof each of its three vital ingredients, e.g.,research, teaching, and care of patients. Inother words, he accepted the obligation todiscover new things, to teach what helearned, and to apply what he knew inpractice.The life of such a talented person will notgo unrecognized, of course. Rollin Wood­yatt's monuments are scattered all over thecountry and the world, chiefly as physicianswho have their feet on the ground, theirhearts clean, and their eyes looking forward.In his own circle each of them exerts in­fluences for good which have been learnedfrom the preceptor who took ,such painswith them. Thus his fine ideals are spreadendlessly. So are the fruits of his investiga­tions. These are his children. They, and theirproducts in turn, always will be immortalreminders of a completely dedicated man-ascholar, artist, scientist, gentleman, andthoroughbred.ARTHUR RALPH COLWELL10 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINSCIENTIFIC SECTIONRadioactive Sodium Chromatefor the Study of the Survivalof Red Blood CellsBy IRWIN M. WEINSTEIN, M.D., andGEORGE V. LERoy, M.D.MedicineThe usefulness of radioactive sodiumchromate (Na�Crol04) as a tracer sub­stance for measuring blood volume wasreported in 1950. It was shown thatCrol in the form of Na�Crol04 had amarked affinity for the globulin portionof the hemoglobin molecule. This orig­inal work suggested that, although thetagging of the red blood cell was asimple procedure, the chromium disap­peared from the circulation more rapid­ly than could be explained on the basisof known erythrocyte destruction. Henceit was felt that this method could not beused to measure the survival time of thered blood cells. We became interested inexploring the possibility of using Crol asa tracer for studying erythrocyte sur­vival because it seemed to us that thistechnique, if it could be used, wouldafford a much more simple and versatilemethod for studying erythrocyte surviv­al than any of the methods now beingused.Our original studies confirmed the na­ture of the combination of Cr51 with thered cell and the fact that the Crol doesindeed elute from the tagged red cell.However, we were able to show that thechromium elutes at a constant exponen­tial rate of approximately 1 per cent ofthe remaining cells per day and that nosignificant recycling of the chromiumoccurs. We reported that normal sub­jects studied with this technique had a"half-survival time" of the order ofthirty to forty days, i.e., the time forone-half of the injected tagged red cellsto disappear uncorrected for chromiumelution. Correcting the survival curvesfor the chromium elution gave a survivaltime which agreed well with such esti­mates made by using the more conven­tional techniques. The simplicity andversatility of the method and the ab­sence of any irradiation dangers made itseem likely that the method was a mostsuitable one for use as a practical clinicaltool. In subsequent reports we havedemonstrated the applicability of themethod to' cases with various hematolo­gic diseases before and after treatmentaimed at decreasing the hemolysis. Wehave emphasized its simplicity, reliabil­ity, and adaptability-a combination ofvirtues no other method for studyingerythrocyte survival has had to date.Since our original publications in the ] ournal of Laboratory and ClinicalMedicine in September, 1953, severalother papers have appeared or willshortly appear in the literature usingthis technique. In general, these invesi­gators have agrede with us that themethod affords for the first time asimple and reliable technique for studiesof this kind. At a recent meeting of theHematology Section Study Group of theNational Institute of Health in Wash­ington, D.C., we presented our dataalong with investigators from severalother leading research institutions. Theconsensus was that the method may pos­sibly be the technique of choice instudies of this na ture.The Role of the Laundry 10the Recontamination ofWashed BeddingBy CLAYTON G. Loosr.r, M.D., andBROOKS D. CHURCH, M.S.In evaluating the use of ethyleneoxide, Carboxide gas, as a routine pro­cedure for the sterilization of hospitaltextiles, we have obtained what we thinkis significantly important informationwith respect to the role of the laundryin the contamination of hospital textiles.We have shown that the air throughoutthe laundry becomes highly contami­nated with organisms dispersed fromlinens and blankets during the time ofsorting. Although the washing procedureswere adequate in removing the bacteria,the textiles became highly contaminatedagain at the time of water extraction.The large centrifugal extractors serve asair centrifuges with the washed beddingfunctioning as the filter. Thus, duringthe process of extraction of water thebacterial content in the textiles mayrise from a few organisms to severalhundred thousand per square foot of sur­face. A good percentage of the organ­isms on the extracted textiles survivethe ironing process. The surviving or­ganisms were found to be mainly alphastreptococci and hemolytic coagulasepositive staphylococci.It was also found that the organismssurviving the ironing process were re­sistant to the action of ethylene oxidesterilization. Studies so far indicate thatthis was not due to the inherent natureof the bacterial cell, for resistant strainsisolated and grown in broth and sprayedon steam sterilized sheets became highlysusceptible to the action of ethyleneoxide gas. One of the important factorscontributing to the resistance of the nat­urally dispersed organisms to ironing andethylene oxide is probably the nature of the dried coating around the bactcell. These data which have beentained from extensive studies inhospital and one commercial lauiprovide a basis for recommenchanges in laundry construction.possible role of the surviving organin washed textiles in initiating hOSIinfections in nurseries is implied.The Effect of Penicillin Tlapy on the Antibody Respo10 Experimental Beta Hemrtic Streptococcus DermalInfections in RabbitsBy MARJORIE MONTAGUEVarious investigators have shownpenicillin treatment of beta hemolstreptococcal infections in man inhithe development of antistreptolysii(ASO) antibodies. In a study ofcases of streptococcal pharyngitistonsillitis treated by various do!schedules of penicillin, WannamaRammelkamp, and associates found 1therapy started within seventy-two h(following the onset of infection redtthe ASO response but did not complly suppress it. More recently stuhave indicated that a significant mber of patients failed to develop abodies when treatment with nenic:was delayed for five days afte; theset of illness.Employing the beta hemolytic strejcoccus, various workers have produskin infections in rabbits. It has bshown that, following recovery fIbeta hemolytic streptococcal infectirrabbits develop circulating ASO abodies. The purpose of this investigatwas to study further the effect of tiof initiation of penicillin therapyASO rises in experimental infectionrabbits.A large part of the experiment, whwill not be discussed here, consistedtesting various strains of streptocoroutes of inoculation, and dosages,order to establish a satisfactory inftion. In the method finally employtwenty-six rabbits that had survived (previous streptococcal skin infectwere selected. These had all developgood cutaneous infections but had Ideveloped significant antibody titeThe back of each rabbit was shaved ainoculated intracutaneously withgroup A beta hemolytic streptoco«strain C203 which is known to be a gcstreptolysin-O producer.Sixteen rabbits were treated withtramuscular procaine penicillin GMEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 11doses of 10,000 units per kilogram ofbody weight per day. Two rabbits werestarted on therapy one day after infec­tion. Six rabbits were started at threedays, six at five days, and two at sevendays after infection. Penicillin was con­tinued until skin lesions showed markedrecession. Ten control animals receivedno treatment.The lesions produced by the infectionwere observed daily and measured atstated intervals. At the time of the in­iecting inoculation and ten days laternlood for ASO determinations was drawnby cardiac puncture, and the rabbitswere weighed. ASO determinations onthe initial and the ten-day sera of eachrabbit were made at the same time.Serum diluations of 2, 5, 12, 25, 50, and100 units were used.The results of the pencillin therapyHe shown in Table 1, based on the ten­day ASO determinations. Titers on blooddrawn on the twentieth day tended toshow a fall, with one exception in whichthere was a slight rise.It is obvious from the data presentedthat the series does not, as yet, includeenough rabbits for drawing any definiteconclusions. However, the data obtainedthus far indicate that it is probably pos­sible to inhibit formation of the anti­streptolysin antibody in rabbits whentherapy is started as late as five daysliter the onset of infection.TABLE 1EFFECT OF PENICILLIN ON ASO RISES INSTREPTOCOCCAL SKIN INFECTIONSIN RABBITSNo. No. Per Centof Show- ShowingGroup Rabbits ing Rise RiseControl-no Rx. 10Rx started at one day. 2Rx started at three days 6Rx started at five days. 6Rx started at seven days. 2 10o332 100o5050100The Epidemiology of Pulmon­lry Tuberculosis: Studies on:he Dissemination and Trans-mission of Tubercle BacilliBy SAMUEL ABRAMSON. V.M.D., andWILLIAM LES':'ER, JR., M.D.MedicineMany aspects of the pathogenesis andmmunology of human adult pulmonaryuberculosis have been extensively docu­nented, but there is a relative paucity ofrformation on the fundamental dy­amics of environmental dispersion andransmission of tubercle bacilli to theost. It would appear that the most vul­erable and least understood phase of. he life-history of the tubercule bacillusi its passage from infected case to sus- ceptible host. The value of gaining someinsight into this crucial period of thehost-parasite relationship, in terms ofthe selection of effective control meth­ods, is obvious.Although the role of aerial transmis­sion of tubercle bacilli is generally ac­cepted, a quantitative assessment of thefactors which may control the dissemi­nation of the pathogenic particles, andthus influence the development of clini­cal disease, has not been attempted-be­fore. Previous work in this laboratoryrevealed that a significant reduction inthe bacterial contamination of the airmay be secured by controlling the con­tamination of environmental surfaces.No certain information is presentlyavailable concerning the possibility thatdirect contact may operale to spreadviable tubercle bacilli via surface orfabric deposition with subsequent air­borne carriage resulting from such ac­tivities as sweeping, bed-making, dusting,etc. Therefore, studies are currently inprogress to determine (1) the presenceof the infectious particles in the air andupon surfaces and fabrics in defined en­vironments; (2) their relative concentra­tion in time and space; (3) their sur­vival and infectivity under various con­ditions (variations in relative humidity,temperature, hygenic conditions); (4)their size distribution and its potentialrelation to inhalation and pulmonaryretention; and (5) the specific factorswhich may control the dispersion of theinfectious particles into the environmentand their transmission from source tocontact.There have been some qualitativedemonstrations, by means of animalinoculation, of an irregular presence ofpathogenic tubercle bacilli in the air orupon surfaces in environments contami­nated by open cases of tuberculosis. Al­though the survival of viable, infectioustubercle bacilli for prolonged periodsfollowing initial environmental contami­nation is widely accepted, a differentia­tion between the effects of long-term,persisting contamination and repeatedfresh seeding of the environment has notbeen made. However, it will not be pos­sible to establish the relative importanceof these mechanisms in the epidemiologyof tuberculosis until the definitive fac­tors which control the survival of tuber­cle bacilli in the environment have beenevaluated.Studies in this laboratory have demon­strated the profound influence of relativehumidity upon the survival of a varietyof micro-organisms, both in the air­borne state and when deposited uponsurfaces. It was, therefore, pertinent toquantitate the survival of tubercle ba­cilli deposited upon surfaces in the formof small droplets and maintained at con­stant temperature (72 0 F.) and at var­ious controlled relative humidities. At- mospheres which remained constant atfive different relative humidities (16,33,52, 75, and 95 per cent) were obtainedthrough the use of saturated solutions ofvarious salts in sealed desiccator jars.On sealing the jars, an equilibrium char­acteristic for the specific salt was estab­lished between the water in air and insolution. Measured volumes (0.05 m1.)of suspensions of human tubercle bacilli(H37Rv) strain( in water, broth, andsaliva were deposited upon sterile, chem­ically clean glass slides, and these wereplaced in the sealed jars. At increasingintervals of time the slides were with­drawn, the tubercle bacilli resuspendedin broth, and aliquots deposited uponoleic acid-albumin-agar medium forquantitative colony counts. At relativehumidities of 52 and 75 per cent, irre­spective of the suspending vehicle, noviable bacilli were demonstrable eightdays after initial deposition of the in­ocula upon the glass surfaces. In watersuspension viable organisms persisted inreduced numbers for only eight days at16 and 95 per cent relative humidity;and at 33 per cent, viability was demon­strable only until the thirty-third day.In broth suspensions organisms failed togrow after eight days at 16 and 95 percent relative humidity and after fourteendays at 33 per cent. In saliva suspensionthere was no growth after the eighthday at 95 per cent, after thirty-five daysat 16 per cent, and after thirty-sevendays at 33 per cent relative humidity.Since relative humidities of 52 and 75per cent appeared to be most lethal re­gardless of the suspending vehicle, it wasof interest to define the survival pat­terns of the tubercle bacilli at moreclosely spaced time intervals followingSUbjection to these conditions. In orderto provide a more natural milieu for thebacilli, sterile human pleural fluid wasused as the suspending vehicle. Underthese conditions loss of viability wasvery apparent within twenty-four hours;the viable population continued to de­cline thereafter with extreme rapidity.These unexpected findings obviously arein sharp contradistinction to the hithertoaccepted opinion regarding the long-termsurvival of tubercle bacilli, and furtherobservations are needed before they canbe considered applicable to the tuberclebacilli discharged from human cases.Such confirmatory data are being soughtthrough application of this method tothe quantitative survival of naturallyoccurring tubercle bacilli in human pa­thological material such as tuberculoussputum.All attempts to demonstrate environ­mental contamination with pathogenictubercle bacilli in a quantitative fashion,and to study the factors previously re­ferred to, depend upon the adequacy ofthe cultural techniques employed. Oleic[Continued on page 14]12 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINGRADUATE NEWS'32. In mid-December we received ourcustomary shipment of tree-ripened tanger­ines from our thoughtful and generousfriend, Bernard E. Kane of Crescent City,Florida. The fruit was delicious, and therewas plenty for everybody.Arthur J. Vorwald became professorand director of the Department of Occu­pational Medicine and Hygiene at WayneUniversity in Detroit. For the past twentyvears he had been associated with the Tru­deau Sanitarium in New York.'33. Gail M. Dack, director of the FoodResearch Institute, has been appointed amember of the National Advisory HealthCouncil according to an announcement bythe Surgeon General.leon J. Galinsky, Des Moines, Iowa,was elected vice-president of the Missis­sippi Valley Trudeau Society at the recentannual meeting of that organization inMinneapolis.Irene M. Josselyn will discuss "TheTreatment of Children" on April 7 in theseries of lectures on psychiatry being pre­sented at the North Shore Health Resort,Winnetka, Illinois.John Van Prohaska will return to theUniversity of Chicago on July 1 as pro­fessor of surgery.William B. Tucker, clinical associateprofessor of medicine, University of Minne­sota, spoke on "The Accurate Evaluationof Therapeutic Procedures in Clinical Medi­cine: Co-operative Studies in the Chemo­therapy of Tuberculosis" and "Modern DrugTreatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis" atthe annual Dearholt Days, November 9-10, in Milwaukee and Madison, Wisconsin.The program was sponsored by the Wiscon­sin Anti-tuberculosis Association, in co-op­eration with the Marquette UniversitySchool of Medicine, Milwaukee, Univer­sity of Wisconsin Medical School, DaneCounty Medical Society, Wisconsin TrudeauSociety, and the Veterans AdministrationHospital, Madison.Winston H. Tucker, Commissioner ofPublic Health of the City of Evanston, hasbeen appointed by Governor Stratton as amember of the Statewide Advisory Com­mittee on Tuberculosis Control. He has alsobeen appointed as a member of the Tech­nical Advisory committee on Poliomyelitisby Dr. Roland R. Cross, State Director ofPublic Health.'37. Richard V. Ebert of Chicago talkedon "Physiology of the Circulation in AcuteInfections" at the University Hospitals,Iowa City, Iowa, on November 19. At theNo vcmbcr 23 meeting of the Chicago So­ciety of I nternal Medicine he discussed "Me­chanics of Pulmonarv Ventilation in Con­zestive Heart Failule:".Ormand C. Julian, associate professor ofsurgery, University of Illinois, talked on"Surgical Management of the Vascular Com­plications of Diabetes" on December 14 atthe North Suburban Branch of the ChicagoMedical Society. He also spoke on "Surgi­cal Treatment of Cardiac lesions" beforethe Northwest Branch of the Chicago Med-ical Society on January 8. -'38. Oscar Bodansky is the author of thesecond edition of Biochemistry of Disease, published by Macmillan in December, 1952,and originally written in 1940 by him andhis brother, Meyer Bodansky, '36.Ralph P. Christensen reports that hispractice is not quite limited to obstetricsand gynecology: Ann, age twelve, Peter,age seven, and Jim, age two, act just abouttheir ages, and Oregon is everything thatDr. Clancy calls it. He also reports that hisbrother Paul, '42, is in X-ray in James­town, North Dakota, and that CharlieWilliams, '42, is doing very well in in­ternal medicine in Eugene, Oregon.Robert 1, Schmitz, assistant clinical pro­fessor of surgery, loyola University, spokeon "Tumors of the Neck" on November 19before the West Side Branch of the ChicagoMedical Society.'40. Albert R. Ryan has left the Post­graduate Medical School of london afterfour and a half years to become senioranaesthetic registrar of the Middlesex Hos­pital, london.'41. John Beal has been elected a mem­ber of the Society of Clinical Surgery.Among the 1953 initiates of the Ameri­can College of Surgeons were: John M.Beal, '41, New York City; Michael Bon­figlio, '43, Iowa City; James S. Clarke,Faculty; Arthur E. Diggs, Rush '27;Arthur T. Evans, '44, Cincinnati; RobertM. McCormack, '43, Rochester, New York;George 1, Nardi, '44, Boston; AlfonsoTopete, Resident, Guadalajara, Mexico;William M. Tuttle, '31, Detroit; Paul G.Wolff, '44, Cape Girardeau, Missouri; andEdward R. Woodward, '42, Los Angeles.'43. Arthur Connor has recently enteredthe practice of orthopedics in Chicago. Hereports visits with '43, David Rubinfine,who is at Camp Lejeune, and with FentonSchaffner, who is at Great Lakes.Robert C. Painter says he is starting hisfourth year in North Dakota and still hasn'tbeen as cold as on the Midway with thewind whipping off Lake Michigan. Histhird daughter, Jacqueline Lea, is now sixmonths old.'44. Vernon K. S. Jim has left ophthal­mology where he was instructor to go tothe Mayo Clinic.'45. Justin A. Aalpoel has resumed hissurgical residency at the V.A. Hospital inPortland after two years in the army, in­cluding one year at a mobile Army surgicalhospital in Korea.Marne Catalodo has just become certi­fied bv the Board of Internal Medicine. Heis stili an instructor in medicine at Uni­versity of Illinois and an associate attend­ing at Cook County Hospital.Charles Johnson recently completed histraining at the Mayo Clinic and has estab­lished practice in Elgin, Illinois, whileHoward Owen, '46, is practicing surgeryin Pasadena, California.C. Frederick Kittle, assistant professorof surgery, University of Kansas School ofMedicine, Kansas City, Karisas, visited Chi­cago friends during the holidays. He wasreturning from several months in Europe,where he visited thoracic surgery centers.John R. Russell announces the arrivalof a daughter, Ann Elizabeth, born July 10,1953. Warren F. Wilhelm was in Chicduring January due to the illness and deof his mother.Warren Wilner, on the first of Felary became chairman of the Departrrof Anesthesia in the new Peninsula Fpital in Burlingame, California.'46. Victor J. Mintek is now at H'V.A. Hospital and will complete his tIyear of psychiatric residency in March:expects to be Board-eligible in the fallthis year. He has four children: Shafour and a half; Mac, three and a h:Rian, two; and Lori Kendra, born Stember 16, 1953. From January to Malhe was at the Institute for Juvenile 1search.'47. Henry Deleeuw is serving inArmy as the pathologist and chief of I:oratory at Fort Dix, New Jersey. He copie ted his pathology residency at Ohio StU ni versity and reports that, thanks toBULLETIN, he has been keeping up with Inews. •Hal T. Hurn was released from the Nain November, 1953. He is now at the Instute for Juvenile Research in Chicago a!fellow and hopes to begin courses at fInstitute for Psychoanalysis in 1954. He :ports that the Navy is "for the birds," bI.J .R. very interesting and enjoyable, wiRay Robertson, '45, as superintendent aan enormous University of Chicago contigent there.Frank B. Kelly, Jr., is now a -captain the Marine Corps and stationed at UArmy Hospital, Camp Gordon, Georgia. Ireports that Capt. Joseph leek (formENT resident) is in charge of the ENClinic there rather than at Camp PolLouisiana, as previously reported in tllast BULLETIN. Robert Robertson, '48, iscaptain in the Marine Corps and assigmas psych'iatrist to the Rehabilitation Traiting Center at Camp Gordon. Herbe.Fredell, '47, is finishing his surgical traiting at Presbyterian Hospital, New York.Frank T. Lossy is opening a new offi(for the private practice of psychiatry iOakland. After two years of internal med:cine residency at Tulane, he went to thBay area last July. He has begun to studat the San Francisco Psychoanalytic Institute and is leaving his position with thOakland Veterans' Administration MentaHygiene Cliinc for private practice. He reports a meeting with Bill Beach, who inow a psychiatric resident at Langley PorteClinic in San Francisco. .Robert R. Martelle was transferred fronSan Diego to the Navy Hospital in Coron:last October. He is still in pediatrics=-kepbusy but not so hectic as San Diego. He i!looking forward to having his resignatioraccepted by the Navy some time in thfnext two years so he can settle down inpractice somewhere.Olaf Skinsnes and his family hope toreturn to the States on home leave in thesummer of 1955. He is on the faculty ofthe University of Hong Kong, where heis directing leprosy work. He recently at­tended an international conference on lep­rosy in India and visited various institu­tions active in research work.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 13Thomas Tourlentes is a captain in themy Medical Corps and doing psychiatry.e is looking forward to release next No­mber and return to civilian practice.'48. Richard K. Blaisdell writes fromirmosa: "Swelled with pride at the BUL­.TIN'S news of great progress at the U of Chool of Medicine. The verity of Dr.iert's parting words to the graduatingISS is the essence of our mission here iniiwan Free China (Formosa) where wee attempting to instil the scientific criticaltitude. Please accept the inclosed checkith the profound gratitude of one whoseedical education was largely financed bye University's scholarship program." Wee proud, too, and very grateful.The Winslow Foxes are transplantedain to Fort Hood in Texas. Fox returnedam Korea last fall. He reports that Georgelumpner came to the Third Division asychiatrist before he left and that Henryrosin visited while he was there.The Ernst Jaffes moved from Fort'orth to New York last spring where onpril 1 Ernst resumed, his residency internal medicine at Presbyterian Hospital,ilumbia Medical Center. Unfortunately,late June it became evident that he hadberculosis and he is now in Trudeaumatoriurn. He reports excellent progress,iwever, and hopes to be able to go backhis residency by next summer. Mrs. Jaffeemployed as a nurse-technician in therdiology department at Presbyterian Hos­tal.Hugo Moeller, now a lieutenant in thermy, is stationed at Fitzsimons Generalospital, Denver.Edyth H. Schoen rich is now an instruc­r in the Department of Medicine at Johnsopkins.'49. William M. Clark, Jr., was releasedom the Air Force last June and is now asident at the University of Oregon Medi­I School. He and his wife are enjoyingirtland, and they report that Dan Bill­eyer, '46, is also in pediatric trainingere.Ralph J. Coppola was discharged frome Army on the Ides of March and hopesresume his residency at the University otittsburgh. He has been first lieutenantith the Medical Corps at Tokyo Armyospital.Vaughan Simmons was released to in­tive duty in naval reserve on January \ter a tour of duty at Great Lakes andith the First Marine Division in Korea.e is now .back as assistant professor ofiarmacology at Marquette Medical School.Robert E. Slayton is currently a fellowJoslin Clinic in Boston.Michael N. Spirtos, fourth-year residentgeneral surgery, Northwestern University,.s been studying with Dr. C. B. McVayYankton, South Dakota (of the McVayrnia repair technique), for the past year.is wife (Mary Potiriades of Iowa Citv)d children, Caymichael, age five; Cali­ichael, age twenty months; and Nicola,e five months, are with him in Yankton.William H. Wainwright reports he ist of the Air Force (and Korea) and inychiatric training at the Payne-Whitneyinic, New York Hospital.'50. Bernard Barash is continuing hisvchiatric residency at Western Psychiatricstitute, University of Pittsburgh. He re­rts that Henry Brosin, director, Char- lotte Babcock, '38, and LeRoy Earley, '42,are professors there. Also in residency areNaomi Ragins, '51, Jack Lewis, '51, andRalph Coppola, '49 (on leave in Korea).The Barashes have three children-Muni,age seven; Jeffrey, age four; and Alan, agetwo.Louise Cason announces the opening ofoffices for the practice of pediatrics inMiami, Florida.J. A. Filos-Diaz and his wife and sonhave been in New London, Connecticut,since last June. He is junior resident inmedicine at the Lawrence and MemorialAssociation Hospitals there, and, if they canget their visas straightened out, they willstay another year. They saw Peter Wolfin September in New Haven, where he is aresident in psychiatry at Yale.John H. Hummel is practicing pediatricsin Joliet, Illinois.Donald P. Smiley has been stationed inSan Ysidro, California, since July, 1952, asflight surgeon for a helicopter squadron.He will be released from the Navy in Juneand is looking for a residency in ortho­pedics beginning July 1, 1954. The Smileyshave a daughter fourteen months old.Richard J. Neudorfer is at present tak­ing an orthopedic residency at the Hos­pital for Joint Diseases in New York.Robert D. Towne is a member of thepsychiatric service at the 3750th U.s.A.F.Hospital, Sheppard A.F.B., Texas.'52. Sydenharn Cryst is assistant residentat the University Hospital and in the De­partment of Medicine at University ofMichigan. He has two daughters-Merrie,age two; and Dimity, age seven months.Carl M. Ebersole is in general practicein the semirural community of Walkerton,Indiana.Robert Gordon has been on active dutyin the Navy since the middle of August.He is now at sea, as medical officer of adestroyer division. Apparently he hasn'tmuch medicine, but he is having a goodtime. He looks on this more as a tour of theOrient than as a chore.Kenneth Hayes started his internal-medi­cine residency at Colorado General Hos­pital, Denver, last July. He reports havingseen Bob Gordon and Seymour ("Father")Halleck in San Francisco, both prosperingand tan.Richard Homer has received a fellow­ship for research in heart and vascular dis­eases at Mount Zion Hospital, San Fran­cisco.Bill Nelson is resident in pathology atthe University of Oklahoma.John Ziegler is in residency at Cincin­nati General Hospital.'53. Jack Japenga is interning in the U.S.Public Health Service Hospital in San Fran­cisco. Laurena is a former intern ('51-52)and resident ('53) at Bobs Roberts. Theyenjoy keeping up with what's going on"at home" through the BULLETIN.CANCER ROUND TABLEFor the second year a series of round­table discussions on cancer has beenconducted at The Clinics under the aus­pices of the Cancer Coordinator's pro­gram. Walter L. Palmer of the Depart­ment of Medicine is Cancer Coordinator,and the participants in this year's pro- gram included over twenty men andwomen from all departments in TheClinics.Although the course is designed pri­marily for students, many physiciansoutside The Clinics attend the sessionsregularly. The discussions demonstratea choice of therapy in a wide variety ofcancer.The nine seminars given this winterwere concerned with tumors of the skin,tumors of the eye and adnexa, tumorsof children, cancer of the breast, tumorsof the uterus and ovary, cancer of thecervix, tumors of the mouth, tongue,jaw, and salivary glands, tumors of thebladder, prostate, and testes, and tumorsof the small bowel, colon, and rectum,Faculty News-[Continued from page 6]March, Geraldine Light, Donald Benson,and Donald Love presented a scientificexhibit on "Mechanical Artificial Respi­ration during Anesthesia and Poliomye­litis." The apparatus is based on a respira­tor invented by Dr. March.Helen Cook Newman, physician in theUniversity of Chicago Laboratory School,and Public School Health Chairman, Citi­zens Schools Committee, spoke on "Re­sponsibilities in the School" on February 2at a meeting of the Avalon Park Parent­Teacher Association in co-operation withthe Chicago Board of Education at theChicago Vocational High School.The November meeting of the ChicagoOrthopaedic Society, which was held onNovember 13, was in honor of the memoryof Dallas B. Phernister. "The Educationof a Surgeon" was given by C. HowardHatcher; "Early Development of Surgeryin Chicago" was discussed by KelloggSpeed (Rush, '04); "Comparison of theFate of Autogenous and Homogenous BoneTransplants" was the subject of MichaelBonfiglio's '43 presentation; "Rhabdomyo­sarcoma of Skeletal Muscle" was discussedby Sam W. Banks, '35; and "Benign Le­sions of Bone Which Simulate Sarcoma"was the title of Mary S. Sherman's '41,paper.Edith Potter gave. a talk on preventionof infant mortality at a December meetingof the Haitian Medical Society in Port-au­Prince. She and her husband combined theoccasion with a tropical vacation in Haiti,Jamaica, and Florida.Theodore Pullman gave two papers onhypertension before the scientific section ofthe Chicago Heart Association.Theodore B. Rasmussen took part in a"Forum on Clinical Problems as Relatedto Diagnosis" at the annual meeting ofthe Neurosurgical Society of America inColorado Springs, September 23-26.Stephen Rothman received the Semmel­weiss Medal at the Kaposi Memorial meet­ing of the American Hungarian MedicalAssociation on December 11.Dr. and Mrs. W. H. Taliaferro arespending three months in South America.They are giving a course on the immu­nology of the animal parasites at the Uni­versity of Chile in Santiago. They alsolContinued on page 16]14 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINScientific Section-[Continued from page 11]acid-albumin-agar medium has proved to.be an adequate tao. I far quantitativecolony counts, In anticipation of theproblem of contamination of the brothsuspensions with environmental sapro­phytes derived from air and surfacesampling, with consequent difficulty indemonstrating and isolating tubercle ba­cilli, experiments have been in progressto. determine the mast suitable means ofobtaining optimal recovery of tuberclebacilli with maximal suppression of thenonacid-fast flora. It seemed probablethat effective suppression of saprophyticgrowth would involve a certain amountof concomitant inhibition of the acid­fast bacilli present in the sample. Experi­ments revealed that due to. the excessiveinhibition of the tubercle bacilli, theclassical techniques of acid or alkalitreatment were nat suitable far the sup­pression of contaminating organisms inbroth suspensions containing knownnumbers of tubercle bacilli. However, in­corporation of crystalline penicillin G,in a concentration of 5 units per milli­liter, into. the basic culture medium in­hibited only 36 per cent of the tuberclebacilli known to. be present in the brothsuspensions: this same concentration ofpenicillin was also. Iound capable of pre­venting the growth of mare than 66 percent of the nonacid- fast saprophytes ob­tainable f ram room dust. Use of thisantibiotic medium in field experimentsh3S shown that it will retard the growthof saprophytes sufficiently to. permit thecultural demonstration of tubercle ba­cilli. In bath laboratory and field trialsit has been found that streptomycin, ina concentration of 10 gm. per milliliterof solid medium, will very effectively in­hibit saprophytic growth, It is obvious,however. that this antibiotic can beused only in situations where the pa­tients' organisms are known to. be resis­rant to. it. Other experiments, presentlyincomplete, suggest that penicillin-strep­tamycin combinations may be excessive­ly inhibitory, possibly due to. a synergis­tic effect. Studies are currently in prog­ress to. ascertain the influence of atherinhibitory substances, especially upanthe gram-negative flora and molds. Dataalready available have shown that adye, Malachite green, em played in a can­cent ration of 2 I'm. per milliliter of solidmedium. is very inhibitory far gram­positive organisms and molds, The effectof this substance an the growth of tuber­cle bacilli has nat yet been establishedin our experiments, although ather in­vestigators have found that this cancen­tration of the dye is nat inhibitory farlaboratory strains.It is apparent that the foregaing rep­resents the introductory and preliminarystage in an integrated, quantitative study of the dynamic process of total environ­mental contamination originating fromthe respiratory tract of persans withclinical tuberculosis, Air-conditioned ex­perimental chambers which permit pre­cise control af temperature and relativehumidity are available in this laboratory.This unusual equipment is being utilizedfar the surface survival studies alreadymentioned, In addition, the influence ofrelative humidity an the quantitativesurvival of aerosols of nonpathogenicacid-fast organisms is under study in thehope of gaining same insight into. thepattern of survival of virulent tuberclebacilli in the air. Sampling of the totalenvironment in areas presumably can­taminated by human cases of "open"tuberculosis is continuing in this institu­tion and being extended into. a near-bysanatarium. When suitable patients areencountered, attempts will be made to.study them in the experimental roomsunder strictly controlled conditions. Inthese experiments a quantitative assess­ment can be made of the survival andstate of tubercle bacilli in the air andupon surfaces and fabrics following ini­tial natural dissemination. Similarly, theeffect of various activities (speaking,singing, coughing, sneezing, expectora­tion) an the degree of dispersion of themicro-organisms can be determined. Ofespecial interest will be measurements ofthe concentration of bacilli per unitvolume of air and the particle size dis­tribution, Data obtained in these areasmay help define the role of air-borne in­fectian in human tuberculosis. An evalu­ation of the relationship between aerialand total environmental contaminationmay contribute to. the fundamental un­derstanding of the epidemiology af tu­berculosis infection.DEATHS'39. Charles W. Burt died of cancerAugust 16, at the age of forty. He washead of surgery at the Olive View Sana­torium in Olive View, California.Donald Tillinghast Chamberlin diedOctober 1, 1953, at the age of forty-eight,of portal cirrhosis, thrombosis of the portalvein, and esophageal varices with rupture.He was a resident in medicine at The Clinicsin 1932 and had been a specialist in internalmedicine in Boston.Eugene Rhea Chapman died January 22in Los Angeles. He was a resident in ob­stetrics and gynecology at The Clinics in1933-36 and was assistant dean of the medi­cal school at the University of Californiaat Los Angeles.'37. Everett Idris Evans, forty-five, diedin Washington, D.C., on January 14 of aheart attack. He received the Ph.D. degreein physiology here in 1935. He was profes­sor of surgery and director of the surgicalresearch laboratories at the Medical Collegeof Virginia. Dr. Evans received a Distin­guished Service Award at the Twenty-fifth Anniversary Celebration of the UniverClinics.Rush Graduates'92. john Banks Robertson of Minapolis died of carcinoma of the pros1with metastases on September 19 at theof eighty-six.'94. George Michael Stevens died inHollywood Presbyterian Hospital, Septrber 22, aged eighty-three, of abscess ofright lung, pulmonary infarction, varieveins, and ruptured appendix.Frederick Tice died. December 18eighty-two years of age in Chicago of ediac decompensation and arteriosclertheart disease. Dr. Tice was professormedicine at the University of Illinois (lege of Medicine and a specialist in diseaof the chest. From 1931 to 1945 he 1president of the Municipal TubercukSanitarium.Albert Frederick Young of Milwaulfor twenty-two years president of the I'<waukee County Hospital for the Insadied August 24, at the age of eighty-thiof coronary thrombosis.'96. William Hay McLain of WheeliWest Virginia, died August 14 of arterslerosis at the age of seventy-nine.'97. Fletcher Louis Strauss of Chicadied of carcinoma of the stomach on Ocber 20 at the age of seventy-seven.'01. James Harry Crawford diedWatertown, South Dakota, on Septeml13 at the age of seventy-six of coronaocclusion.Harold Langford Frazier of Chicadied October 3, at seventy-five years of aof prostatic carcinoma.Seward L. Landauer died in Little ROIArkansas, of concussion of the brain asresult of a fall on October 3. He \Iseventy-seven years old.'02. Dikran Sarkis Kalayjian of Chicadied at the age of eighty-six on Augustof carcinoma of the colon.'03. Henry Otto Hr.gen of New Ricland, Minnesota, died August 31, agseventy-six, of arteriosclerosis.'04. Martin J. Ivec died in Joliet, IInois, in September at seventy-four yearsage.Jones Lindsey Saunders died Noverber 12 at the age of seventy-two, of cornary occlusion in Vermilion County Hopital of Clinton, Indiana.'07. Edward James Lewis, Chicago, fomerly on the Rush staff, died at sixty-seviyears of age on November 25, of corona:thrombosis and cerebral thrombosis.. Niels Peter Paulsen, of Logan, Utadied on October 9 at the age of sixty-ninof carcinoma of the pancreas.'OS. Fred Edgerton Abbott died in SanAna, California, on September 24, aglseventy-one, of coronary insufficiency.Frederick joseph Lesemann died N,vember 25 at the age of seventy-three, Icoronary arteriosclerosis in Los Angeles. DLesemann was for many years a member,the board of trustees and of the senior suzical staff of Englewood Hospital in Chcago.'09. Charles Newberger, Chicago, dieMEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 15of acute myocardial infarction on Septem­ber 25 at the age of sixty-nine.Merle Benefiel Stokes died in Houston,Texas, at the age of seventy-three, of pul­monary embolus.'10. George Melville Crabb of MasonCity, Iowa, died September 16, aged seven­ty.Richard Benjamin Dillehunt died Oc­tober 31 at the age of sixty-seven of coro­nary thrombosis. He was dean emeritus ofthe University of Oregon Medical Schooland had been an important figure in ortho­paedic surgery in the Pacific Northwest.'12. Eugene Cary, San Mateo, California,died November 5, aged sixty-six.'17. Well wood Mack Nesbit, a special­ist in otolaryngology of Madison, Wiscon­sin, died October 27 at the age of sixty­three, of coronary thrombosis.Eugene Herbert Townsend of La Crosse,Wisconsin, died October 23 at sixty-twoyears of age, of Parkinson's disease.'20. Roland C. Young of Toledo, Ohio,died in January following a heart attackat the age of fifty-seven.'25. Margaret Wilson Gerard died Janu­ary 12 of heart disease after a long illnessat the age of fifty-nine. She was the wifeof Ralph W. Gerard, until recently profes­sor of physiology here. She was professorof psychiatry at the University of Chicagofrom 1927 to 1938 and an internationallyknown child psychiatrist and psychoanalyst.Memorial services were held for her at BondChapel on the Quadrangles.'30. Maurice Leland Jones died in Kan­sas City, Missouri, on July 20 of uremiafollowing surgery at the age of fifty-two.Joseph Raymond Kenney died in Pitts­burgh on September 21, aged fifty-six, ofacute coronary occlusion.'31. Isabel Mona Scharnagel of NewYork City died on November 24, at theage of forty-seven, of nephrosis. She was amember of the American Radium Societyand a fellow of the American College ofSurgeons.Rush News-lContinued from page 8]in the Medical Arts Clinic of Watertown,South Dakota. Dr. Reul is in generalpractice.'39. Emma G. Burt, the widow of Char­les W. Burt, U of C, '39, who died lastAugust, is continuing to live and work atOlive View, California, with their threechildren.William M. Lees, clinical associate insurgery at Stritch School of Medicine andchief of surgery at Municipal TuberculosisSanitarium in Chicago, gave a broadcastIn FM station WFJL on November 5 on'Pulmonary Tuberculosis-What a Prob­em?" At the fifth annual PostgraduateSchool of the Illinois Academy of General.Practice on November 18 he gave an ad­lress entitled, "Tumors of the Chest­{ecognition and Treatment."'42. The George H. Handys of Wiscon­'in Rapids, Wisconsin, have adopted alaughter, Sally Marie Handy, who waslorn January 29, 1953. La Rabida-[Continued from page 3]studies of the physical-chemical proper­ties of the polysaccharides and of theprocollagen constituent of the connec­tive tissue. Mathews has recently beennamed an Established Investigator ofthe American Heart Association.Several other facets of the generalproblem have been under investigation.Included in these are purification ofthe enzyme hyaluronidase and purifica­tion of the inhibitor of this enzymepresent in normal and pathologic humansera.STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OFREACTION OF CONNECTIVE ANDVASCULAR TISSUE IN INFLAMMATIONThis phase of the research comprisesa group of studies in experimental path­ology carried on by Benditt and aimedat an understanding of hypersensitivetypes of inflammation. In order to char­acterize and understand the lesions un­der investigation, a combination ofmorphological, histochemical, immuno­logical, biochemical, and physiologicalmethods have been employed. Studiesof the specificity of certain histochem­ical methods have been published, andefforts to develop more specific methodshave been and are being made.The importance of capillary damagein inflammation is well recognized. Aneasily reproducible system was chosenfor the study of these phenomena, i.e.,egg-white edema in the rat. The mech­anism of this phenomenon is now wellon its way to being elucidated. Evidencewill shortly be presented that the mastcell plays an important role in the dam­age to capillaries of certain connectivetissues by participating in the release ofhistamine following injury. Furtherstudies of the role of the mast cell inreactions to injury are being made.The roles of the adrenal and of thehypophysis in inflammation have beenunder investigation along two lines. Oneseries of studies has been directed atthe effects of these endocrines upon thevascular phenomena and another at theantibody mechanism involved in theproduction of hypersensitive types of in­flammation.The role of complement in the pro­duction of serum-sickness lesions in rab­bits, the experimental disease most near­ly approximating rheumatic fever, hasbeen under investigation. A number ofmedical students have been participat­ing in the immunologic studies, workingmainly in the laboratories at the Uni­versity but also at La Rabida.* * *In all its many activities, La Rabidacontinues to be "an outpost on thefrontier." ] ohn Mann Beal-[Continued from page 7]lily, and Calochortus (of the lily family)and histological studies on effects ofgrowth-regulating substances, on lily,bean, and sweet pea, especially. He hasrecently been interested in possible his­tological effects of carbon 14 on plantleaves and the cytogenetic effects ofcarbon 14 on onion, sweet pea, andtobacco. A number of papers have beenpublished on most of these topics.Professor Beal was twice elected forthree-year terms to the Council of theUniversity Senate and was elected tothe Committee of the Council for threeof these six years. He served on a num­ber of subcommittees during these terms.He was a member of the EncyclopaediaBritannica Senior Advisory Committeefrom its organization in 1944 and itschairman after its first year until hisretirement. During this time he servedas botanical editor, a post he still holds.While chairman of the Department ofBotany, Professor Beal completed andimplemented co-operative arrangements,stressing research, with related depart­ments and institutions. A plan is nowin operation whereby graduate studentsin the department, eligible for Univer­sity support, pursue research on sys­tematic or ethnological botany at theChicago Natural History Museum, usingmuseum facilities and benefiting fromadvice and direction of members of themuseum staff. With E. M. K. Geiling,chairman of the Department of Pharma­cology, a co-operative research projectwas set up involving growth of plantsin an atmosphere of radioactive carbondioxide, in special chambers constructedin the departrr..ental greenhouses. Ma­terial so grown has been used by mem­bers of both departments, including Pro­fessor Beal, who is continuing his in­vestigations along these lines.Professor Beal continues to be healthyand vigorous and full of enthusiasmabout most things except the Univer­sity's compulsory retirement at the ageof sixty-five. Except when away on tripsin connection with his appointment inthe Department of Agriculture, he stillcan be found fully occupied in officeor greenhouse on most days of the week.CHARLES E. OLMSTEDBobs Roberts Alumni-Watch for announcement of plansfor get-together dinner next Octoberwhen the Academy of Pediatricsmeets in Chicago.16 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINHOFFMAN MEMORIAlROU N DSF 8RUNE/If£/E.ROne day during the Christmas holiday this drawing appeared on the blackboard inDR. HUMPHREYS' lab. The artist, a sophomore, has reproduced it for the Bulletin.Faculty News-[Continued from page 13]attended the Second University Congressand First General Assembly of the Unionof Latin American Universities which washeld in Santiago in November.Ilza Veith lectured on "Oriental Medi­cine" on November 3 at the Chicago Medi­cal School.Cornelius W. Vermeulen, '37, talked onthe "Role of Infection in Experimental Uro­lithiasis" before a meeting of the ChicagoUrological Society on December 10.A. Earl Walker, Baltimore, was a guestspeaker at the Congress of Neurological Sur­geons in New Orleans, November 12-14.Paul Weiss, Zoology, is a member of theScientific Advisory Board of MassachusettsGeneral Hospital. He is also chairman ofthe newly created Policy Board of the In­ternational Union of Biological Sciences.BULLETINof the Alumni AssociationThe University of ChicagoSCHOOL OF MEDICINE950 East Fifty-ninth Street, Chicago 37, IllinoisVOL. 10 WINTER 1954W,LL,AM LESTER, JR., EditorHUBERTA LIVINGSTONE, Associate EditorROBERT J. HASTERLIK, Rush EditorJ ESSIE BURNS )IACLEAN I SecretarySubscription with membership:Annual, $4.00 Life, $60.00 No.2 WOODS LOAN FUNDMedical education faces no more im­portant problem than that of encourag­ing young men fitted to become the fu­ture leaders of academic medicine andparticularly those who will be in theforefront of medical research.Unfortunately the importance of thisproblem is not often realized by thosewho finance various other aspects ofmedical education. Funds for research,particularly in certain areas, are not dif­ficult to find but we never have as muchmoney as �e should to help studentswho are in financial difficulties becauseof the long training needed to producemedical leadership.We are especially gratified, therefore,to announce the establishment of TheFrank H. Woods Loan Fund of $5,000for the use of medical students, interns,and residents. Loans are to be repaidwithin ten years, and in lieu of interestthe student is expected to pay a bonuscompatible with his financial position atthat time.This gift was made by the WoodsCharitable Fund, Inc., established inLincoln, Nebraska, by Frank H. andNelle C. Woods, and administered bytheir three sons-Thomas c., Henry C.,and Frank H. Woods, Jr. It was throughMr. Frank Woods, Jr., that the familybecame interested in this aspect of medi­cal education. Mr. Woods, a prominentyoung Chicago businessman, is a mem­ber of the Citizens' Committee of theUniversity of Chicago, president of theWelfare Council of Metropolitan Chi- In memory of Burton Louis Hoffman,laboratory for neurophysiology has been e­tablished at the University. Dr. Hoffma.who was assistant professor of neurosugery, died on December 2, 1953, at the aiof thirty-seven. He died of cancer, realizirwith complete knowledge and courage tInature of his illness.Burton Hoffman received three degrefrom the University of Chicago-a Bach,lor of Science 'in 1938, Doctor of Medicirin 1941, and Doctor of Philosophy in 195He was a member of Sigma Xi and of AlphOmega Alpha. He is survived by his wifDurette Dollar Hoffman, and two sonsThomas Kipp, seven, and James Curtis, si:In his statement at the funeral serviceDean Coggeshall expressed the feelings (Dr. Hoffman's many friends and associateat The Clinics. As itself a memorial to DHoffman, it is printed here in full."There are few human endeavors whicafford a greater feeling of satisfaction thathose falling to the lot of the physiciarHe overcomes human suffering and malad]But a price must be paid for these reward:Nature seems to compensate by confrontinhim with situations where he must stand bwith a feeling of inadequacy and frustratiobecause advancements in medical knowledge have not progressed to that poinwhere the intervention of man can be effective. And so it is particularly tragic to uwhen a colleague is taken at the beginninof what we all expected to be a brilliancareer. Burt Hoffman's superior qualitiewere apparent from his beginning days asstudent in the University and were confirmed by his fine scholastic record. He wagraduated with honors and irnmediatelwent into the Navy, serving his countr:for seven years during World War II. Hreturned to the University and after fivyears had practically completed his perio:of formal training, at great personal antfamily sacrifice. He chose a career of academic medicine, for which he was highljqualified. Burt Hoffman, in the eyes of alwho knew him, personified the good physician. Further, although still a young manhe already symbolized the University 0Chicago Clinics-a devotion to teaching, atability to investigate, and above all, a dedication to serve others. We need no reominder of his presence, but for us and especially those to come a tangible expressiorof his qualities will be preserved by estab­lishing at the University the Burton LewiiHoffman Memorial Laboratory. This me­morial not only will express in a tangibleway our feeling toward him but more im­portant will symbolize his place in the livingtradition of the University Clinics."cago, and president of the Illinois Societyfor the Prevention of Blindness, Whenhe learned of this problem he was quickto realize its importance and he and hisbrothers agreed to establish a fund fOIstudent loans at the University. Theildecision will affect the lives of many stu­dents who otherwise would have beenhampered and in some instances pre­vented from realizing their medical goals.