Volume 9 AUTUMN 1952 Number 1TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATIONPresentation of honorary degrees at 253d Convocation. Left to right: WILLIAM SMITHTILLE1T, ANTON JULIUS CARLSON, PERCIVAL BAILEY, JAMES LAWDERGAMBLE, ALLEN OLDFATHER WHIPPLE, GEORGE HOYT WHIPPLE, WILLIAMBOSWORTH CASTLE, and CHANCELLOR LAWRENCE A. KIMPTON.Convocation and Honorary DegreesA special convocation was held incommemoration of the Twenty-fifthAnniversary of the Clinical Departmentsof the University of Chicago on Friday,October 3. Representatives of thirty-onemedical schools and of thirty-five medical societies marched in the academicprocession.Chancellor Kimpton opened the convocation with a statement of the rolethat the School of Medicine has playedin the development of medical educationand in the life of the University.Franklin David Murphy, chancellor ofthe University of Kansas, delivered theconvocation address on "Medicine's Expanding Horizon." He said that the tre- mendous progress during the last fiftyyears in medical knowledge has tendedto "dehumanize one of the most humanof all professions." Medical trainingshould rest upon a broad education inthose subjects which enlarge human understanding and sympathy. He urgedthat the total medical needs of the people be studied by a representative groupto ascertain the number and qualifications of those needed in the variousbranches of medicine, the training theyshould receive, and methods for coordinating their work with the personalneeds of the patients.Honorary degrees of Doctor of Science were awarded to seven of America's most distinguished medical men. Chancellor Kimpton'S Address:A layman approaches the task of saying something about the field of medicine with hesitation and humility. It liesonly within the province of experts totalk about medical research and training.The uninitiated sound naive or coached.I shall limit myself, therefore, to anacknowledgment of our debt to the past,a brief description of the organizationof our School, a tribute to those greatmen, living and dead, who establishedit, and the University's pride in its solidaccomplishment over the past quartercentury.It was Daniel Coit Gilman, presidentof Johns Hopkins, who first created inAmerica a' university and in doing soprovided the pattern for medical education in the twentieth century. And itwas William Osler of Hopkins who tookmedical teaching out of the didacticatmosphere of the lecture hall and theamphitheater and transferred it to thewards and outpatient clinics of the hospital. Throughout his distinguished career he expounded the lesson that themedical school belongs as an integralpart to the university, participating inthe total community of scholarship, research, and teaching. It was out of themedical revolution begun at Hopkinsthat the Carnegie Foundation publishedits report on medical education in theUnited States and Canada, prepared byAbraham Flexner; and the Flexner report serves as the ground plan for theorganization of the Medical School ofthe University of Chicago.Professional education is perhaps themost difficult problem of the universities.It must be related, on the one hand, tothe teaching and research programs ofthe basic disciplines which underlie it;on the other hand, it must be related tothe practice of the profession and thecombination of arts, techniques, andethical codes which make it up. If itwithdraws into the high purity of thebasic research disciplines, it risks losingits necessary relationship to the realneeds of men and women. If it occupiesitself exclusively with its professionalresponsibilities, it too easily becomes a2 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINvocational school teaching only the tricksof the trade. In some fashion the professional school must keep its head inthe pure atmosphere of fundamentalknowledge and its feet on the solidground of the well-being of mankind. Itis the genius of our Medical School thatit has accomplished this. It is firmlyimbedded in the basic scientific departments which surround it both physicallyand intellectually. An obstetrician workswith a chemist to make childbirth safer.A radiologist co-operates with an astronomer to build a new kind of X-raycamera. A pharmacologist grows radioactive plants in a botany greenhouse tostudy the action of drugs.On the other hand, the medical research laboratories are in the hospitals,and the medical care of patients is combined with the training program wherebythe student learns at the bedside byobserving and by informal discussionswith the attending doctors. And thisorganization is staffed by a group of menwho, like other professors of the University, are full-time members of thefaculty. They do not have the distraction of obligations beyond the University's walls, and they devote their timeto research, teaching, and the care ofpatients. This is what a professionalschool ought to be. The high dedicationof some men who are still with us produced this remarkable result, and I paytribute particularly to Franklin McLean,Paul Cannon, Emmet Bay, Charles Huggins, Paul Hodges, Lester Dragstedt,Phillip Miller, and Walter Palmer. I canhonor only the memory of Dallas Phemister, whose greatness as a doctor and asa man will forever leave its mark on thisinstitution.The University of Chicago takes asolemn pride in its Medical School-inits organization, in its faculty, and in theresults which this combination has produced. I speak for our total faculty, forour Board of Trustees, for our sisterinstitutions whose many salutations havebeen received and for our communitywhen I congratulate you upon your firsttwenty-five years. This quarter-centuryin the history of the University will benotable for the development of a Schoolof Medicine.Celebration ActivitiesThursday PAGEPhemister Lectures. 6FridayConvocation and HonoraryDegrees .. 1-2Alumni Awards 3Symposium 7Banquet 7SaturdayAlumni Panel . . . . . . . . . .. 5Round Tables and AlumniActivities 7 Sponsors' Presentations ofCandidates for D.Se.PERCIVAL BAILEYProfessor of Neurology and NeurologicalSurgery, College of Medicine,University of IllinoisDr. Bailey's contributions to the fieldsof neurology, neuropathology, and neurological surgery are described in morethan one hundred and fifty publications.He identified for the first time in manthe primordium of the paraphysis. Thisproved to be particularly helpful in explaining the origin of colloid cysts ofthe brain, which have become of greatneurosurgical importance. In 1921 heobserved polyuria in the dog after theproduction of an experimental lesion inthe base of the brain, a finding of greatsignificance in bringing into view thenature of diabetes insipidus. Early in hiscareer he became interested in the development of better histological stainingmethods, and in 1925, together with thewell-known brain surgeon, Harvey Cushing, he published a monograph on tumors of the brain, which has remaineda classic in the field. Dr. Bailey hascontributed significantly to the questionof the origin of brain tumors, notablythe medulloblastoma of the cerebellum,intracranial sarcomatous tumors of leptomeningeal origin, and the oligodendrogliomas. Since 1940 he has been particularly interested in the. effects oflesions of the periaqueductal gray matter and the syndrome of obstinate progression. Important information concerning the physiology of the brain has come from these studies. Together. VIProfessor Von Bonin, he has publisla monograph on the neocortex of M aca mulatta, and the isocortex ofchimpanzee and also of man. His mrecent contributions deal with the suical treatment of psychomotor epilepANTON JULIUS CARLSONFrank P. Hixon Distinguished ServiceProfessor Emeritus of Physiology,The University of ChicagoProfessor Carlson's scientific carmay be divided roughly into fourriods, in all of which he made outsta:ing contributions. The first was concenwith an extensive and fundamental stiof the comparative physiology ofneural mechanisms involved in .the Iulation of cardiac activity. The seerphase involved a series of studies onphysiology of the thyroid, parathynand pancreas, which were of great vain the field of endocrinology. This 1followed by investigations on the phiology of the gastrointestinal tract Iwas succeeded in tum by a periodvoted to the study of the physiologythe visceral sensory system.Equal in importance to his strirscientific work has been Dr. Carlseprofound influence on medical teachand medical research. A whole hostgraduate students have emerged frhis laboratory to occupy leading pitions in American physiology and mecine. By his peculiar insight' ibiological and clinical phenomena he .been responsible for introducing[Continued on page 4]Candidates for honorary degrees with sponsors in Chancellor's parry: ALLENWHIPPLE and WILLIAM ADAMS, WILLIAM SMITH TILLET and C. PHILlMILLER, JAMES LAWDER GAMBLE and HOWELL WRIGHT, WILLIAM BOSWOR�CASTLE and LEON JACOBSON, ANTON JULIUS CARLSON and LESTER DR}STEDT, PERCIVAL BAILEY and PAUL HODGES, FRANKLIN DAVID MURPIand DEAN JOHN B. THOMPSON, and CHANCELLOR KIMPTON.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 3DISTINGUISHED ALUMNI AWARDSRecipients of Distinguished Service Awards who were present at 25th Anniversary Banquet. Left to right (back row): NORMAND 1.HOERR, FREDERICK EVERT KREDEL, HENRY MARTYN LEMON, DAVID SCHULTZ PANKRATZ, HENRY N. HARKINS,HARWELL WILSON, FREDERICK J. STARE; (front row): CHESTER SCOTT KEEFER, JOSEPH LEALAND JOHNSON, FRANK E.WHITACRE, ELEANOR M. HUMPHREYS, SARA BRANHAM MATTHEWS, OSCAR BODANSKY, HENRY W. BROSIN, andARCHIBALD ROSS McINTYRE. (VICTOR JOHNSON and JAMES L. O'LEARY arrived too late for the picture.)Choosing the recipients of the Distinguished Service Awards was very difficult. We have followed with pride thecareers of many of our graduates andformer residents. Unusually high proportions of both groups have gone forth todo excellent work as teachers, as teaching clinicians, and as investigators, bothin the basic sciences and in the fieldsof clinical medicine. To read in M edicine at the University 0/ Chicago of therecords made by both groups will emphasize our difficulties. We who hadhelped Ilza Veith review the accomplishments of our alumni knew well whatwas ahead of us. We knew, too, that wehad to exclude some groups from consideration.First, we had to exclude members ofour immediate family, including formerfaculty members trained elsewhere. Also,we accepted a suggestion, made by oneof our committee members resident inChicago, t(\ exclude those alumni whomake up our Chicago family. Too manyof them are our close personal friends.Next, a temporal line had to be drawn.Because of the war, great inequalitiesof opportunity began in 1942, and evennow many alumni of the early fortiesare still completing their training or areonly beginning to achieve their goals.Accordingly, we excluded all alumni wholeft us after 1941.We excluded one other group fromconsideration, fully conscious of theirmerits. This was the group of eight alumni already honored by being chosenas speakers on the Alumni Panel.You may wonder whether our workwas not simple with the field so narrowed, but this was not so. Easily, wecould have produced a list twice or threetimes as long as the "approximatelytwenty-five" suggested as the number ofawards to distinguished alumni appropriate for our twenty-fifth anniversary.We know the names on the rosterspeak for themselves. We also knowthat the candidates for future honorsare legion.Our final words concern the need formore precise biographical data. Some ofyour names may not have reached ourinitial list of distinguished alumni forlack of more precise information. Wecannot keep your records in the alumnifiles up to date without your help. Weneed more than the brief facts in theA.M.A. Directory or the occasional bitof news gleaned here and there. Eventhe listings in the Directory 0 / MedicalSpecialists and those of the AmericanMen 0/ Science may be the ones yousubmitted two, four, or even six yearsago. Soon we are going to try to get ouralumni files up to date and hope to keepthem so. We need complete informationregarding the progress of your careers,along with the personal items yourfriends want to read.ELEANOR HUMPHREYSfor the Subcommittee Sylvia Holton Bensley was the firstgraduate to receive a degree of M.D.at the University of Chicago in 1929.She is now associate professor of anatomy at the University of Toronto.Oscar Bodansky, M.D., University ofChicago, 1938 (Ph.D. in biochemistry,Columbia University, 1925). He is associate ·professor of clinical pharmacology at Cornell University Medical Schooland head of the research biochemistrysection at Sloan Kettering InstituteMemorial Center in New York City.Herbert Stewart Breyfogle, M.D.,University of Chicago, 1937 (degree inlaw, University of Kansas, 1943). He isformer chief medical examiner of theCommonwealth of Virginia and associateprofessor of forensic medicine at theMedical College of Virginia. He is nowwith the Agnew State Hospital in California.Henry W. Brosin, fellow and instructor, University of Chicago, 1938-41;faculty, 1941-50 (M.D., Wisconsin,1933). He is professor and chairman ofthe Department of Psychiatry at theUniversity of Pittsburgh and director ofthe Western Pennsylvania PsychiatricInstitute.Alexander Brunschwig, M.D., University of Chicago' (Rush), 1927. Headresident in surgery, 1931-33; faculty,1933-47. He is professor of clinical surgery at the College of Medicine at Cornel! University Medical School and on[Continued on page 8]4 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINDEAN ALAN M. CHESNEY of The Johns Hopkins. MRS. WILLIAM SMITH TILLETT,DR. TILLETT, MISS BARBARA DRAKE, and DEAN LOWELL T. COGGESHALL atthe 25th Anniversary Banquet.Honorary Degrees-[Continued from page 2]rigid criteria of the experimental scientist into these areas. Few scientists ofany period have been known so widelyto the laity or have carried so variegateda load of civic, humanitarian, and similarextracurricular responsibilities. From thetime of the first World War, CarlsonCARLSONhas progressively emerged from the confines of the laboratory to give freely ofhis time and effort and enthusiasm toserve the broad interests of science andeducation and to promote the intelligentapplication of these to human affairs.He has continued these activities aswell as his scientific research during theten years of his retirement.WILLIAM BOSWORTH CASTLEProfessor of Medicine, Harvard MedicalSchool, and Director, Thorndike M emorial Laboratory, Boston City HospitalDr. Castle's observations on pemi- cious anemia led him to an explanationof the mechanisms involved in the development of this disease. His hypothesisremains unchallenged today. These investigations, begun twenty years ago,showed that the principle necessary fornormal blood formation (the anti-anemiaprinciple) was ultimately produced bythe interaction of an "extrinsic factor"found especially in meat proteins and an"intrinsic factor" secreted by the normal gastric mucosa and, furthermore,that this intrinsic factor is much reduced in amount in patients with pernicious anemia. In other words, this defectin formation of the anti-anemia principleis associated with pernicious anemia. Hefound that if muscle meat were digestedby normal gastric juice and fed to apatient with pernicious anemia, itbrought about a remission of the disease.Many other studies on the diseases ofthe blood have come from Dr. Castle'slaboratory.JAMES LAWDER GAMBLEProfessor of Pediatrics, HarvardMedical SchoolDr. Gamble has earned a distinguishedplace in medical science through hissystematic study of the metabolism ofwater and electrolytes in the humanbody. His investigations began aboutforty years ago when he pioneered in theapplication of quantitative biochemicalmethods to clinical problems of infantsand children. His interest gradually focused upon mensuration of the losses ofwater and electrolytes from the bodyduring disease and upon the transportof these substances within the severaltissue compartments. His researcheshave led to new concepts of the distribution and movement of these substances within the body. The "Gamblediagram" has become the standard form used to depict concentrations of the iorganic elements in body fluids, and jconcise clarity has been largely res posible for the introduction of the systeof chemical equivalents into 'Clinicmedicine, His quantitative measuremenof fluid and electrolyte losses duriidisease have provided a rational ba:for replacement therapy, defining spe,fie needs, and safe limits which' ha'revolutionized the care of medical atsurgical patients a�ke.WILLIAM SMITH TILLETTProfessor and Chairman, DepartmentMedicine, College of Medicine, New YoUniversity; Director, Third Medical Lvision, Bellevue Hospital; and PresidesMedical Board, Bellevue HospitalDr. Tillett's contributions to scienhave been in the field of infection aJpathogenic micro-organisms. His fil'important publications from the Rockfeller Institute described a new virdisease of rabbits. His studies on pnemococcus and pneumococcal infectiadded significant information to 0knowledge of this micro-organism aJits chemical components and the immuresponse to them in experimental armals and man. Particularly significawas his discovery of the so-called 'reactive substance" in the sera of ptients during the acute phase of lob;pneumonia and other severe infectiorHis most recent contributions harderived from his work on hemolytstreptococcal infection. In the coursehis studies on the enzymes of the hmoly tic streptococcus he became inteested in those responsible for the liqufaction of fibrin and led him to t.'purification of streptokinase and stretodornase. These he has successfully a'plied to the treatment of certain' chron'infections of cavities such as ostemyelitis and empyema,He is now cautiously exploring tJpossibility of using these enzymes in tJtreatment of thrombosed vessels.This work is a remarkable demonstrtion of the ability of a trained inve.tigator to carry a clinical problem frothe hospital ward to his laboratory finvestigation and ultimately back to tlbedside for the treatment of patienlhaving made, in the meantime, observtions of great theoretical value.ALLEN OLDFATHER WHIPPLE\Emeritus Valentine M ott Professor ofSurgery, College of Physicians andSurgeons, Columbia UniversityDr. Whipple's contributions to tJfields of general surgery and patholojare described in more than two hundnpublications in the medical literaturHis first contributions dealt with treament of diseases of the gall bladder ar:i[Continued on page 6]MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINALUMNI PANEL 5Mr. Russell said Friday that thealumni of The Clinics are the proof ofthe pudding. Saturday morning an enthusiastic audience filled Pathology 117to hear reports of research in a varietyof fields by men trained at The Clinics,and certainly a very satisfactory farewas offered.We are able to publish in this issueabstracts of two of these reports, andwe hope to present the remaining six inlater issues of the BULLETIN.An unexpected pleasure that morningwas the showing of Edwin M. Miller's(Rush, '13) film taken at the dedicationof The Clinics in 1927. We have hadthe film copied, and it is now part ofour own archives.David Bodian, '37, associate professor of epidemiology in the School ofHygiene and Public Health at The JohnsHopkins University, gave the first paperof the program on "Pathogenesis andImmunity in Poliomyelitis." An abstractof Dr. Bodian's paper appears on thispage.Richard V. Ebert, '37, Clark Professor of Medicine at the University ofMinnesota, gave a paper on "Studies onthe Pathologic Physiology of PulmonaryEmphysema." Dr. Ebert spoke of themarked alteration in the mechanics ofventilation which occur in this disease,particularly changes in the elastic forceof the lung and the increased resistanceto air flow. He pointed out that an increase in carbon dioxide content ofblood could occur in the presence ofnormal oxygen saturation. He discussedthe curious fact that patients with pulmonary emphysema and severe anoxiado not necessarily have polycythemia.He emphasized the danger of respiratory acidosis in anoxic patients receiving oxygen therapy.Keith S. Grimson, resident and chiefresident in surgery, 1935-42, professorof surgery at Duke University, spokeon "Practical Results of Research concerning the Autonomic Nervous System, Hypertension, and Ulcer." An abstract of Dr. Grimson's paper will appear in the winter BULLETIN.Arthur B. Hunt, resident in obstetrics and gynecology, '31-'33, is headof a section of obstetrics and gynecology at the Mayo Clinic and associateprofessor in the Mayo FoundationGraduate School. In speaking of "Varieties of Postpartum Amenorrhea," Dr.Hunt discussed the findings from thefiles of the Mayo Clinic (from 1935 to1952) on a group of seventy-eight women who had presented themselves hecause of postpartum amenorrhea. Hisstudy showed that postpartum amenorrhea is not caused by one or two disturbances but may be initiated by abouteight various causes representing eitherorganic disease or physiologic disturb- ances. Failure of pituitary gonadotropicfunction unaccompanied by evidence ofany other pituitary disease or dysfunction (except perhaps some thyrotropicfailure) accounted for the largest number of cases, and primary ovarian failure for the next largest number.Arnold Lazarow, '41, associate professor of anatomy at Western ReserveUniversity, spoke on "Studies in Experimental Diabetes." Dr. Lazarow's abstract appears on page 6.Charles H. Ramrnelkamp.v'Jo, is associate professor of preventive medicine in the School of Medicine ofWestern Reserve University, professor of medicine and director of the research laboratories of the ClevelandCity Hospital, and director of theStreptococcal Disease Laboratory inCheyenne, Wyoming. His paper concerned "Studies on Acute Nephritis."He said that acute glomerulonephritisand acute rheumatic fever are now considered to be complications of GroupA streptococcal infections. Both sharea common initiating illness, but themechanism of production of the specificpathological changes in either disease isnot understood and may be different.The attack rate of rheumatic fever following Group A streptococcal infectionsappears to be relatively constant. Incontrast the incidence of acute glomerulonephritis following such infectionsvaries considerably. Moreover, focalepidemics of nephritis have been observed from time to time among smallpopulation units. These differences inattack rates are best explained by postulating the occurrence of varying nephritogenic and rather constant rheumatogenic capacities of strains of groupA streptococci. During the past fouryears most of the cases of nephritisstudied were caused by type 12 organisms, and this strain appears to be associated with a high complication rate.William Wallace Scott, '39, spokeon "Factors Regulating ProstaticGrowth." Dr. Scott is professor of urology at The Johns Hopkins University.An abstract of his paper will appearla ter this year.Arthur J. Vorwald, '32, director ofthe Trudeau Foundation and the Saranac Laboratory in New York, presented"Clinical and Experimental Pneumoconioses." His abstract also will appear ina later issue of the BULLETIN.Pathogenesis and Immunity inPoliomyelitisBy DAVID BODIANThe fohns Hopkins UniversityThe principal sites of virus multiplication in human beings and in experimental primates infected by simple feedingare the alimentary tract and centralnervous system. In experimental primates the evidence strongly suggeststhat another important site may be lymphatic tissues which could not onlycontribute to an early viremia but whichmay contribute importantly to the earlyserum antibody response. Fragmentaryevidence from human infections is consistent with this hypothesis, but manymore data are needed.Evidence from feeding experiments inexperimental primates indicates thatspread of virus from the alimentarytract to the central nervous system mayoccur by way of the blood stream ratherthan along nerves, as we formerly believed. Not only is it possible to preventnervous system invasion with very lowlevels of antibody but a correlation between antecedent viremia and the occurrence of subsequent paralysis can beshown in experimental animals. Confirmation of these findings in human infection would obviously have considerable theoretical interest as well as greatimportance in connection with practicalefforts toward prevention of paralyticpoliomyelitis.The evidence from experimental andhuman cases still firmly supports theconcept that virus dissemination withinthe central nervous system occurs alongnerve fiber pathways, and indeed thebulbar poliomyelitis which sometimesfollows tonsillectomy may also be theresult of virus invasion from the throatalong peripheral nerve fibers. Nervespread from the periphery, such as canbe demonstrated so elegantly in experimental animals following intraneural orintramuscular inoculation, may also occur in human beings after the traumaof various injections during the preparalytic stage. Thus, the possibility presents itself that even in human infections the mode of virus disseminationand the localization of the initial pathological reaction in the nervous systemmay depend on special circumstanceswhich may modify the pattern of theusual paralytic infections. A whole fieldof investigation of these problems stillremains.Finally, the evidence is now conclusive that passive serum antibody aloneis capable of preventing paralytic infection in experimental primates after virusfeeding but is not able to prevent alimentary infection. In chimpanzees it appears that, when viremia is preventedby passive antibody, the sharp earlyserum antibody rise is also prevented,but a slower rising active antibody response nevertheless occurs. Thus, thepassive immunization which preventsparalytic infection after virus feedingleads to an active immunization as a result of the alimentary infection. Thepattern of antibody response in humaninfections has not as yet been studiedin sufficient detail, but those details thatare known are consistent with the pattern observed in chimpanzees.[C ontinued on page 6]6 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINDr. Phemister's chief residents: FREDERICK OWENS, KEITH GRIMSON, GARROTTALLEN, DWIGHT CLARK, FREDERICK KREDEL, JOHN PROHASKA, HENRYHARKINS, HARWELL WILSON, and PAUL SCHAFER. Missing were ALEXANDERBRUNSCHWIG and HILGER PERRY JENKINS.FIRST PHEMISTERLECTURESThe first event of the Twenty-fifthAnniversary Celebration was the inauguration of the Dallas B. Phemister Memorial Lectures, on Thursday evening,October 2, at Mandel Hall. The lecturers were Alfred Blalock and Evarts Ambrose Graham. Dr. Blalock, professorand director of the Department of Surgery at The Johns Hopkins University,delivered a paper on "ChallengingProblems in Cardiovascular Surgery."Dr. Graham, professor emeritus of Surgery of Washington University, spokeon "More about the Relation of Cigarettes to Bronchiogenic Carcinoma."Dean Coggeshall spoke of the historyof the Phemister Lectures. He said thatthe movement to create such a lectureship was started before Dr. Phemister'sretirement in 1947 by some of the undergraduates and junior resident staff. Theplan was enthusiastically entered into byfriends both within and outside the University, and the Phemister Fund Committee was soon able to endow lecturesto be given at the University of Chicagoby distinguished workers in medicine andits allied sciences. Similarly, funds werecollected for Dr. Phernisters portraitwhich now hangs in Pathology 117 wherehe so often taught students at all levelsof medical accomplishment.Preceding the lectures, the speakersand Mrs. Phemister were honored at aformal dinner party at the QuadrangleClub. The guests were close friends andcolleagues of Dr. Phemister and Ineluded most of his chief residents.Honorary Degrees[Continued from page 4]bile ducts and extended to diseases ofthe pancreas and spleen. He developed a surgical method for the cure of cancerof the pancreas, which has revolutionized the surgery of this organ. He haslikewise made contributions of greatvalue to our knowledge of islet celladenoma of the pancreas, a type of tumor which produces excessive amountsof insulin. For some twenty years hemaintained a sustained interest in thediseases of the spleen and in the physiology of this organ. He organized a clinic for the study of spleen diseases atColumbia University and was the motivating force for many contributions ofgreat value from this source. These haveincluded an operation for the successfultreatment of obstruction to the portalvein with cirrhosis of the liver and hemorrhage from the esophagus. During hisentire career Dr. Whipple made continuous contributions to the treatment ofwounds and the nature of the healingprocess. He has been an outstandingteacher and leader in the surgical profession, and probably no surgeon livingtoday is more responsible for the excellent treatment of battle wounds that hascharacterized World War II as comparedto World War 1.GEORGE HOYT WHIPPLEProfessor of Pathology and Dean of Schoolof Medicine and Dentistry, University of RochesterDr. Whipple is a distinguished pathologist who has contributed to ourknowledge of many diseases and numerous pathologic processes, including especially the mechanisms of plasma protein formation, the concept of the protein reserves, and the dynamic equilibrium of the body proteins. In 1934 hewon the Nobel Prize for his fundamental investigations of hemoglobin formation and liver function.From his laboratory have come stu- dents imbued with investigative ·zecwho now play leading roles in medicsteaching and research. His professionscareer has been characterized by. noteworthy researches which have contrituted significantly to the advancemenof medical knowledge.Alumni P anel-[Continued from page 5]Studies on Experimental DiabetesBy ARNOLD LAZAROW, M.D., PH.D.Western Reserve UniversityWhen Dunn, Sheehan, and McLetchireported in 1943 that alloxan selectively killed the insulin-producing cells i.the pancreas, they thereby providedconvenient tool for producing diabete,in experimental animals. In studieiwhich we undertook to elucidate thmechanism by which alloxan producediabetes, it was shown that alloxan reacted with glutathione, whereas anumber of nondiabetogenic compoundsclosely related to alloxan, did not reacwith glutathione. It was further show'that, when glutathione was injected im'mediately preceding a diabetogenic dosof alloxan, none of the rats develope'diabetes. It has been suggested that thdiabetogenic mechanism of alloxan rna:result from its interaction with glutathione and that the selective destruction 0the insulin-producing cells may be du ito a low glutathione content in thescells. Since injected glutathione protectagainst alloxan diabetes, it may be expee ted that the glutathione which inormally present within the beta cell.would likewise serve to protect thescells against diabetogenic compound.that might appear in the body un de ,physiological conditions. The possibilit,that chemical agents similar to alloxaimay play a role in the development 0human diabetes will be discussed.An attempt is being made to elucidatthe diabetogenic mechanism of alloxarby a direct study of the isolated isletissue of fish. Whereas in mammaliarspecies the insulin-producing cells andistributed throughout the pancreas ila million or more islets, in certain fislthese cells are concentrated into a singldiscrete body, known as the principaislet. The principal islet, which is 10cated in the mesentery, is separate fronthe exocrine portion of the pancreas,and its size is about equal to that of ,head of a pin. By using ultramicromethods of analysis, biochemical studie.are being carried out on the isolatecislet tissue of fish. It is our ultimatihope that if the mechanism by whicl,diabetogenic agents destroy the insulinproducing cells can be determined, imay some day be possible to prevent 0',delay the development of diabetes it'man.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINSYMPOSIUM 7Dean Coggeshall presided at a symposium in Mandel Hall on Friday afternoon on the progress of medical science.Franklin C. McLean spoke on "TheNatural History of an Idea," giving inbrief the history of The Clinics as heand Ilza Veith had written it in theirMedicine at the University of Chicagofor the Anniversary Celebration.William S. Middleton, dean and professor of medicine at the University ofWisconsin, delivered a paper on the advances in' clinical investigation. He spokeof the state of clinical investigation atthe time of the establishment of theUniversity Clinics and of the challengeoffered to an institution founded onthe high plane of the University of Chicago. He emphasized the close rapportof clinical research with basic investigation and said that perhaps no circumstance in the astounding advance inmedicine over the past quarter-centuryhas been more productive than theprompt utilization of new tools from thesciences that impinge upon medicine,such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, microbiology, pathology, and pharmacology. He then dealt specificallywith the splendid contributions of thefaculty of the University of Chicago tothis growth."Clinical Investigation in the Field ofPublic Health" was the subject of theaddress by Leonard A. Scheele, SurgeonGeneral, United States Public HealthService. He pointed out how modernscientific advances against the majorthreats to human life and health havebeen achieved by contributions fromvarious disciplines and by the co-operation of meclical and public health research. "Our joint efforts have broughtabout dramatic progress in the controleven conquest-of many communicablediseases." But the problems now facingmedicine demand an even higher degreeof integration and co-operation becauseof the tremendous increase in biologicalknowledge, the amazing advances in technology, and the "emergence of chronicdisease and the aging process as themajor public health problems of today."Allen O. Whipple, Emeritus ValentineMott Professor of Surgery at ColumbiaUniversity, had a double role at theTwenty-fifth Anniversary Celebration.He was one of the seven men to beawarded honorary degrees at the specialconvocation, and he spoke in the symposium on "Clinical Investigation andSurgery." He pointed out that co-operative research, of the type encouraged inthe relationship between the fundamental sciences and the clinical sciences atthe University of Chicago, has made possible great progress in surgery. Dr. JOHN McFARLANE RUSSELL, principal speaker at the 25th Anniversary Banquet,ELEANOR HUMPHREYS, MRS. LOWELL T. COGGESHALL, DEAN COGGESHALL,MRS. LAWRENCE A. KIMPTON, and CHANCELLOR KIMPTON.Round Tables and OtherAlumni ActivitiesIn addition to the formally scheduledevents of the celebration, there was avariety of activities in honor of ourguests. Clayton Loosli organized an impromptu luncheon on Friday immediately after the convocation at which visitingalumni and delegates were guests of theMedical Alumni. One hundred and fiftyattended.On Saturday luncheon was served tovisitors who attended the Alumni Panelin the morning and the round tables inthe afternoon.The round-table discussions were under the direction of Wright Adams. Theycovered electrolyte metabolism (PaulCannon, moderator), cardiopulmonaryphysiology (William E. Adams, moderator), peptic ulcer (Walter Palmer, moderator), the adrenal glands (CharlesHuggins, moderator), and obstetric complications (William ]. Dieckmann,moderator). Our distinguished visitorsparticipated in the discussions pertainingto their particular fields. The discussionswere ext rernely well attended.The afternoon and the celebrationclosed with an excellent tea served bythe Nursing Division.Whipple said: "This co-operative effortwill do more to break down preconceived ideas and prejudices in thetherapy of diseases common to bothmedicine and surgery than any otherplan, and I fervently hope it will bemore widely adopted in our general hospitals." THE BANQUETThe dinner celebrating our silver jubilee was held Friday evening. Five hundred guests attended a cocktail partyand banquet at the Conrad Hilton Hotel(the old Stevens .to you).Dean Coggeshall presided, amusingthe audience with the story of how hebecame the eighth patient and the fourthclinician at Billings. Walter Palmer, thenew president of the Medical Alumni,introduced the recipients of the Distinguished Alumni Awards, and EleanorHumphreys made the presentation to thesixteen who were able to attend the banquet.The principal address, "This, I Believe," was given by John McFarlaneRussell, executive director of the Johnand Mary Markle Foundation. He began with Chaucer's description of thedoctor who "had a special love of gold,"a love still endangering medical practiceand meclical education. Partly responsible for this danger are the medicalschools and eventually the general public, which is more interested in contributing its gold to projects looking forquick cures than to basic medical education and research. As a result, mostmedical schools here and abroad forcetheir clinicians to earn their own living.Although admitting the need for a diversity of medical schools, he paid specialtribute to the "University of ChicagoSchool of Meclicine, and a few, but onlya very few, others like it. These are theOxfords and Cambridges of Americanmedical education. These are the elite."Our alumni, he said, are the proof."Look at what they have done, look atwhat they are doing, and watch them inthe years ahead."8 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINKEITH GRIMSON, HENRY HARKINS, DWIGHT CLARK and MRS. CLARK,and FREDERICK KREDEL at the 25th Anniversary Banquet at which Dr. Harkins andDr. Kredel were two of the twenty-eight alumni to receive Distinguished Service Awards.Alumni Awards[Continued from page 3]the staff of Memorial Hospital III NewYork.Charles Little Dunham, M.D., University of Chicago (Rush), 1933. Internin medicine, 1933-34; assistant, 1936-39; and faculty, 1940-46. He is nowwith the Atomic Energy Commissionwith the position of chief of the medicalbranch, Division of Biology and Medicine, in Washington, D.C.Everett Idris Evans, M.D., University of Chicago, 1937; Ph.D. in physiology, 1934. He is professor of surgeryand director of surgical research at theMedical College of Virginia.John Perrigo Fox, M.D., Universityof Chicago, 1936; Ph.D. in pathology,1936. He was with the InternationalHealth Division of the RockefellerFoundation, 1938--42. He is professor ofepidemiology at Tulane University ofLouisiana in New Orleans.Francis Byron Gordon, M.D., University of Chicago, 1937; Ph.D. in bacteriology and parasitology, 1936. He ischief of the MM Division, BiologicalLaboratories, Chemical Corps, CampDetrick, Maryland.Henry Nelson Harkins, M.D., University of Chicago (Rush), 1931; Ph.D.in medicine, 1928 (the first Ph.D. in theclinical sciences at the University ofChicago); intern, fellow, and residentin surgery, 1931; chief resident, 1936-38. He is professor and chairman of theDepartment of Surgery at the University of Washington Medical School.Normand L. Hoerr, M.D. and Ph.D.in anatomy, University of Chicago,1931; faculty, 1931-39. He was one ofthe founders and the first president ofthe Medical Alumni Association. He isHenry Wilson Payne Professor of Anatorny at Western Reserve School ofMedicine in Cleveland.Joseph Lealand Johnson, M.D., University of Chicago, 1930; Ph.D. inphysiology, 1931. He has been on the faculty of Howard University MedicalSchool since 1931 and since 1947 hasbeen professor of physiology and dean.Victor Johnson, M.D., University ofChicago, 1939; Ph.D. in physiology,1930; faculty, 1929--43; dean of students in Division of Biological Sciences,1940--43; secretary of the Council onMedical Education and Hospitals of theAmerican Medical Association, 1943-47.He is director of' the Mayo Foundationand professor of physiology at the University of Minnesota.Chester Scott Keefer, first chief resident in medicine at The Clinics, 1926-28(M.D., Johns Hopkins, 1922). He isWade Professor of Medicine at BostonUniversity School of Medicine and director of clinical research and preventivemedicine at Robert Dawson Evans Memorial Hospital.Frederick Evert Kredel, intern, fellow, resident in surgery, 1929-35; chiefresident, 1935-36 (M.D., Johns Hopkins, 1929). He is professor and chairman of the Department of Surgery atthe University of South Carolina Schoolof Medicine. Henry Martyn Lemon, intern, assant, and resident in medicine, 1940(M.D., Harvard, 1940). He is theof Harvey B. Lemon, retired profesof physics at the University of ChicaHe is assistant professor of medicineBoston University School of MedicSara Branham Matthews, M.D., Iversity of Chicago, 1934; Ph.D. in tteriology and parasitology, 1923; julty, 1923-27. She is principal bactologist at the United States PulHealth Service, National InstitutesHealth in Bethesda, Maryland.Archibald Ross McIntyre, M.University of Chicago, 193.1; Ph.D.pharmacology, 1930. He is profesand chairman of the DepartmentPhysiology and Pharmacology. atUniversity of Nebraska CollegeMedicine.Russell H. Morgan, resident and julty in radiology, 1942-46 (M.D., WIern Ontario, 1937). He is professor,head of radiology at The J ohns HopkUniversity.James L. O'Leary, M.D., Universof Chicago, 1931; Ph.D. in anatot1928. He is professor of neuropsychiaon the faculties of neurological anatoand physiology at Washington Univsity School of Medicine in St. LouisDavid Schultz Pankratz, M.D., Iversity of Chicago, 1938 (Ph.D. in aromy and physiology, University of Ksas, 1929). He is professor of ana toand dean of the School of Medicinethe University of Mississippi.Frederick J- Stare, M.D., Universof Chicago, 1941 (Ph.D. in biocherrtry, University of Wisconsin, 1939).has been head of the Department of rtrition at Harvard School of PulHealth since 1942 and professor sii1947. .J. Murray Steele, second residentmedicine, 1928-29 (M.D., Johns Hkins, 1925). He is professor of medic[Continued on page 15]��THE MEDICAL ALUMNI ASSOCIATIONTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGODISTINGUISHED SERVICE AWARDIn recognition ofcontributions of distinction to the advancement of the medical sciencesJOHN STUART DOAKESis granted this award on the occasion of theTwenty-fifth Anniversary of the UniversityClinics, this third day of October, 1952.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 9SCIENTIFIC SECTIONRecording Oximeters in Intrathoracic Surgery and in Studiesof Pulmonary FunctionBy H. M. LIVINGSTONE, M.D., W. E.ADAMS, M.D., ]. F. PERKINS, JR.,M.D., and ADOLFO FLORES, M.D.Surgery and PhysiologyAlthough oximetry was employed forresearch purposes by the armed forcesof England. Germany, and the UnitedStates in the study of aviation problemsduring the second World War, only inrecent years has it been put to clinicaluse. One problem has been the need formore stable yet portable instruments inwhich adequate recording devices areincorporated.Two new portable recording oximetersfor the continuous in vivo photoelectricdetermination of oxygen saturation ofarterial blood have been constructed bystudent technicians under the directionof one of us 0. F. P.). One oximeterconsists of a Millikan-Coleman (relative reading) earpiece or the WoodWaters-Conley (absolute reading) earpiece connected to a Brown ElectronikPotentiometer via a control box madeby University of Chicago student technicians. The other incorporates theWood- Waters-Conley (absolute reading)earpiece with the Esterline-Angus recorder and the Liston-Folb D.C. BreakerAmplifier together with control box.Anoxia, even of a severe degree, maynot be recognized by the usual means.Use of the oximeter demonstrates thatdesaturation of arterial blood occursindependently of the presence of visiblecyanosis. An oximeter provides early andmore accurate information regardingoxygen deficit, even in the presence oficterus or anemia or in patients of acolored race.Previous oximetric studies have shownthat certain anesthetic agents and procedures are accompanied by a loweringof arterial blood oxygen. Our observations have substantiated the previousfindings and also revealed an even widerscope of indications for the use of thisapparatus. Among the many proceduresperformed under general anesthesiawhich oximetry reveals as frequentlyaccompanied by oxygen want are: laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation,bronchoscopy, use of endotracheal suction, and intrathoracic operations performed under insufficient inhalationpressure. Laryngospasm produces markedanoxia. Certain drugs, such as intravenous pentothol sodium or suritalsodium, are accompanied by oxygen deficit. That anoxemia is so frequentlyassociated with numerous aspects ofsurgical and anesthetic management is of vital concern, because of the associated inherent hazards to the heart,brain, and other vital tissues. Theseoximetric devices have been very useful in promptly revealing dangerouslylow levels of arterial oxygen saturation.Use of these recording oximeters forstudies of pulmonary function hasopened up new approaches to the problem of evaluating pulmonary reserve,long one of the chief research interestsof one of us (W. E. A.). Our objectivesconsist of attempting to determine, first,the effective area for diffusion in thelung and, second, the relative amountof shunting of blood through the lung,whether due to anatomical shunts orto physiological shunts involving poorly aerated alveoli. Our first test ofpulmonary function, the "in vivo, transpulmonary oxygen dissociation curve,"consists of plotting the partial pressureof oxygen in alveolar air against the percentage saturation of hemoglobin inarterial blood. Samples of alveolar airare continuously collected by a Rahnalveolar sampler and are automaticallyanalyzed by a Pauling oxygen meter.Oxygen saturation is determined by arecording oximeter. The patient or experimental animal is equilibrated witheach of several oxygen-nitrogen mixturesranging from 10 to 100 per cent oxygen.The entire procedure requires less thanan hour.The physiological principle back ofthe use of the dissociation curve soobtained is as follows. According toFick's law of diffusion, with a given oxygen consumption there must be a certaingradient of oxygen tension across thelung. If the effective area for diffusion isdecreased for any reason, the gradient ofoxygen tension must increase, and thein vivo transpulmonary oxygen dissociation curve will be shifted to the rightwith respect to the curve obtained in anormal subject or animal. If, however,shunting of blood through the lung ispresent, the in vivo transpulmonary dissociation curve will shift downward.Such shifts have been observed in patients and in dogs with known pulmonary lesions experimentally produced.The second procedure involves exercising patients, or: animals, while continuously recording oxygen saturation.With an increase in the oxygen consumption brought on by exercise, thegradient in oxygen tension increasesproportionately; and, with patients orexperimental animals having a decreasein effective lung area, oxygen unsaturation is likely to result.Truly striking effects have been notedin experimental animals as a result ofa procedure which may be termed a "simulated multiple lobectomy." Polythene occlusion units, originally devisedby Dr. Alexander Kolin for use in studieson blood flow, are surgically applied toone or more pulmonary arteries and toone or more bronchi several days priorto the experiment. Small plastic tubesare led out of the chest, and during theactual experiment the occlusion unitsare inflated with air from syringes connected to the plastic tubes. By thismeans, the effective lung area, duringshort periods, has been restricted to theright upper lobe only, representing anarea of only about 15 per cent of theentire normal lung. Under these conditions, the animal's oxygen saturationduring rest is only slightly below normal,but during exercise in some instances thesaturation falls markedly, sometimes tobelow 40 per cent.It is hoped that studies of this type,when combined with other tests, mayin certain patients ultimately provehelpful in deciding how much lung tissuemay safely be removed at operation.Development of Acute Leukemia in Human AdultsBy MATTHEW BLOCK, Ph.D., M.D.,and LEON O. JACOBSON, M.D.MedicineObservations on the development andhistogenesis of acute leukemia in thehuman adult are extremely rare. In thelast 2 years nine adults have been studiedby means of serial blood counts andserial biopsies of the marrow and insome cases of liver and spleen duringperiods of up to 18 months before theacute leukemia became manifest.Seven were menopausal females, fourof whom had multiple allergies varyingfrom asthma to drug idiosyncrasy. Allhad thrombopenia and neutropenia,which in some was noted as long as ayear preceding development of leukemia.Each patient was anemic for prolongedperiods, and this anemia usually wasnot benefited by transfusions, an indication of the possibility that abnormalhemolysis antedated the leukemic state.Hypercellularity and maturation arrestin the granulocyte series were seenmonths prior to leukemic metaplasia ofthe marrow. In approximately half thepatients the marrow was solidly cellularduring the pre-leukemic phase. One patient had an atrophic and then an aplastic marrow for several months whichbecame solidly leukemic in a period ofonly 6 days. Liver and spleen did notundergo leukemic transformation asearly as did the marrow and in somepatients at autopsy were less involvedthan the marrow.10 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINRUSH ALUMNI NEWS'91. John Addison Shreck of Redlands,California, has been retired from his practice of general medicine since 1938. In September, 1891, he started practice in Cameron, Illinois, and continued there for tenyears. In 1901 he moved to Redlands, California, mainly on account of Mrs. Shreck'shealth, found the town delightful, and practiced there until his retirement.'04. Evarts V. DePew retired from activepractice last January. He lives at 115 EastAgarita Avenue, San Antonio 12, Texas.'06. During the football season HarryEdgar Mock is particularly busy becauseof his association with the National SafetyCouncil. He investigates every case of injury to high-school football players in Chicago.Dr. Mock was formerly on the faculty ofRush (1908-23) and subsequently at North-MOCKwestern, and he has been on the staff atSt. Luke's Hospital since 1914. He wasa warded a citation for public service by theUniversity of Chicago Alumni Associationin 1942. The Delaware County CrippledChildren's Association of Indiana named itsschool in his honor in 1945. He has writtensixty-five articles, many of them on fractures and the surgery of trauma, and threebooks, the latest of which, published in1950 by Williams and Wilkins, is calledSkull Fractures and Brain Injuries. Dr.Mock is a member of the American College of Surgeons, Chicago Surgical Society,American Association for Surgery of Trauma, American Association of Railway Surgeons, and American Association of Industrial Physicians and Surgeons, of which hewas president in 1916.'12. R. J. DeMotte writes that he retiredin 1950 and is now recovering from hissecond coronary occlusion.Arno B. Luckhardt, co-discoverer ofethylene anesthesia, was honored at a clinicand luncheon in Presbyterian Hospital, Chicago, on June 11 by two hundred alumniof Rush Medical College. He was introduced by Dr. Edwin M. Miller, chief surgeon at Presbyterian. It was in that hospital on March 14, 1923, that ethylene was first used as an anesthetic for a surgicaloperation. Dr. Isabella Herb was the anesthetist and Dr. Arthur Dean Bevan wasthe surgeon.'13. Ralph H. Kuhns is co-author of anarticle in the Mississippi Valley MedicalJ ourruil on the subject of "Duodenal Ulcer"and an article in the Quarterly oj PhiBeta Pi on the subject of "The EarliestRecording of Medicine and Surgery, 4000Years Ago."'16. Claude William Mitchell attendedthe meeting of the International College ofSurgeons in Madrid last spring with visitsto Bordeaux, Barcelona, and Vienna. Whilein Europe he also visited hospitals in Paris,London, and Huddersfield, Yorkshire, England.'19. Hedwig Stieglitz Kuhn is the ophthalmologist and her husband the otolaryngologist in their own clinic in Hammond,Indiana. Their two sons are M.D.'s andplan to enter practice with their parentsone in each specialty. The Kuhns do a greatdeal of industrial eye, ear, nose, and throataccident work in addition to their privatepractice, and they have their own opticalshop, allergy laboratory, etc.'23. Paul A. Quaintance practices surgery in Los Angeles. He is senior staffmember of California Hospital and Methodist Hospital of Southern California. LastMarch he retired from the presidency ofthe Los Angeles County Tuberculosis andHealth Association.Frederick Paine Purdum is -in generalpractice in East Brady, Pennsylvania.'25. Libby Pulsifer has been specializingin internal medicine in Rochester, NewYork, since 1927. She is chief of the Medical Service of the Rochester General Hospital-where they have a splendid internship. She is interested in insuring a reunionof the class of 1925 in 1955. How aboutJune, at the time of the Medical AlumniBanquet?R. B. Robins founded the Robins Clinicof Camden, Arkansas. He is chief of staffat the Ouachita County Hospital and president of the American Academy of GeneralPractice. In 1950-51 he was vice-presidentof the American Medical Association. Heis also Democratic National Committeemanfor the state of Arkansas.'30. Alexander H. Rosenthal has recently been appointed associate professorof clinical obstetrics and gynecology at theNew York State University School of Medicine in Brooklyn. During the last twoyears he has been co-author of the "Obstetric Clinics," a series of articles on obstetric complications which appear everytwo months in the American lournal ojSurgery. The articles represent a new approach to the postgraduate teaching of abnormal obstetrics, based on actual cases.It is an outgrowth of studies made by theCommittee on Maternal Welfare of theMedical Society of the County of Kings.Gene H. Kistler practices general surgery and industrial surgery in Chattanooga,Tennessee. He has one son in medical school,and another is a premedical student atVanderbilt University.'31. Leonard B. Shpiner is in privatepractice in Kankakee, Illinois. '32. James Russell Blanton died on Ju17 in Birmingham, Alabama. He had belassociated with Dr. Sam Stubbins, Sr., ,that city for several years. He is survivrby a brother, Dr. Allan Blanton.Ying Tak Chan is in the United Statand can be reached through Mrs. W. 'Hui, 3807 Military Road, N.W., Washin:ton 15, D.C. .Hilda Kroeger has been made direct,of physical medicine in the Veterans AIministration of Dublin, Georgia.'33. Anthony Donovan has been a conmissioned officer of the United States Pullie Health Service since 1934. For ten yeahe was engaged in public health workSouth America with the Pan AmericaSanitary Bureau, which is now the region.office for the Western Hemisphere of tIWorld Health Organization and whose drector, Dr. Fred L. Soper '18, is alsoRush alumnus. For the past year Dr. Donrvan has been assigned to the Division IHealth, Welfare, and Housing of the Institute of Inter-American Affairs as chief (field party in Bolivia, with headquarteat La Paz. He is a diplomate of the Amercan Board of Preventive Medicine anPublic Health.Eugene B. Schuster is in pediatric praitice with no office in Pittsburgh. He sa)the' arrangement proves very practicabllargely because of the efficient heip of hwife.'34. Myron F. Sesit is on the faculty (New York University Post-Graduate Med:cal School in the Department of Medicirand on the faculty of the Polyclinic Med:cal School, Department of Internal Med:cine. He is also on the visiting staffs cBellevue, University, and Polyclinic hospitals.'35. Sandor D. Papp is in a radiologipartnership. He and two associates haytheir own fully equipped diagnostic antherapeutic X-ray rooms and do the radiologic work for three hospitals in J oplirMissouri.'39. Byrum E. Johnson is in general practice with special attention to general surgery in Wilmington, California.'40. Roy T. Tanoue has just started tpractice in Honolulu.Alfons F. Tipshus lives in StocktorCalifornia, where he has been practicinfor the last few years. He also holds a:assistantship in surgery (ophthalmology) aStanford University and is active on thstaff of San Joaquin General Hospital. His married and has a daughter, Marcell;Fay, who was born in January, 1952.'42. I. E. Michael is completing the second year of a three-year fellowship in internal medicine at the Mayo Clinic.Jerome Waldman practices orthopedisurgery in Highland Park and WaukeganIllinois.William W. Winchester has just starterprivate practice of internal medicine at SalJose, California, after having spent twryears on the staff of the metabolic servioat the Mayo Clinic. His wife completed,three-year fellowship in anesthesiology a'the Mayo Clinic but is not now practicingsince their three children keep her busy :11home.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 11RUSH ALUMNI REUNIONAt the Reunion of Rush Alumni on June11, 1952, at the Knickerbocker Hotel, President Franklin Farman reviewed the historyof Rush Medical College. For the benefit ofthose who were not able to attend the reunion, we give Dr. Farman's address:The history of Rush Medical College isessentially the story of many great physicians whose strength and wisdom werejoined in the building of this college andAlumni Association.Rush Medical College was founded in1836 and named for Benjamin Rush, asigner of the Declaration of Independence,founder of' the first dispensary in America,and a voluminous writer on medical andsocial subjects. Dr. Rush had a vision ofthe development of an independent American medical science co-equal with that ofEurope, a dream not realized until well intothe twentieth century. Rush Medical College, founded, by Daniel Brainard, played asignificant part in the "coming of age" ofmedicine in this country. Dr. Brainard wasa man of commanding presence and greatlearning as well as keen powers of diagnosis and skill as an operator, and he soonbecame a surgical leader. His successors,1. V. Z. Blaney, J. W. Freer, and J. AdamsAllen were men of equally high caliber, andthe faculty built up under their supervisionsoon became known as the finest in theWest. Dr. James B. Herrick in his recentautobiography says: "The main reason thatthere was such a rich output of successfuland even distinguished men from Rush isto be found in the character of its faculty.The strength of the college lay not in itsbuildings or laboratories or in its course ofstudy. For years all of these were mostprimitive. Its strength was in its men, whoeven in the earliest days were of giantstature."Some Rush men whose influence hasaffected the lives of many present alumniare Nicholas Senn, Christian Fenger, J. B.Murphy, and Frank Billings. Others whohave contributed much to the educationalstandards of Rush Medical College areBevan, Sippy, Herrick, and Kretschmer.The hundred years of history of RushMedical College have witnessed profoundchanges in the practice of medicine and thedistribution of medical service and an evengreater change in the public attitude towardphysicians. The curve of public confidenceand respect was relatively high in the earlyhistory of our country but reached a lowpoint in the mid-1800's, with widespreadcriticism and distrust of the medical profession. Medical education deteriorated, with1 mushroom growth of medical schools:rying to keep pace with the rapidly exoanding population. Standards of admissionvere so low that when Charles Eliot be:ame president of Harvard in 1869 he renarked that anyone who chose could comen off the streets and enter the Harvardichool of Medicine. The head of the medi:al school feared the young president wouldvreck the school when he suggested ninenonths of instruction instead of four andvritten examinations in all chief departnents. Said this professor: "He actuallynoposed to have written examinations forhe degree of Doctor of Medicine. I had toell him that he knew nothing of the qualityI Harvard medical students. More thanalf of them can barely write. Of course they can't pass written examinations !" Allsorts of cults and quackery flourished during this period. The pessimistic attitude ofmedical men is reflected in articles such asthis in an 1858 journal, "To What CauseAre We To Attribute the Diminished Respectability of the Medical Profession inthe Estimation of the American Public?"Toward the end of the century reformsin both medical education and professionalethics were under way, largely as a resultof the efforts of the American Medical Association and the state medical societies.At the same time revolutionary advanceswere occurring in medical practice, particularly in the fields of surgery, endocrinology,dietetics, and serum and chemotherapy. Themore effective treatment of disease and lowered death rates that resulted have beenreflected in a new respect and confidenceon the part of the public.One of the most significant indicationsof this renewed confidence is seen in thetrend toward endowment of medical re-search laboratories, financed by foundationsestablished by wealthy philanthropists, byuniversity endowments, and by grants fromthe federal government. Most of the brilliant advances in medicine in the past fewdecades have been the result of painstakingresearch in such laboratories, employingthe experimental method, with measurements, quantitative procedures, and instrumental devices only recently perfected. Sogreat has been the public enthusiasm overthese discoveries that optimism has beenperhaps too high for the realities of thesituation. Many important problems stillremain far from solution, notably those connected with hematology and the blood dis-. eases, as well as the so-called "degenerativediseases"-cancer, heart disease, and hypertension. If medical science could supply theanswer to even one of these problems, thehuman race would benefit immeasurably inincreased well-being and extended span oflife.The alumni of Rush Medical College havea very special interest in the furtheringof medical research, since it is primarilythrough its research that the Rush traditionis now being carried on. The four thousandand more members of the Alumni Association give active support to its present program of basic and clinical studies and canbe a vital influence in the development andexpansion of medical education.NEW APPOINTMENTSMajor Necip A. Berksan, assistantprofessor of preventive medicine andhygiene at the Military Academy ofAnkara, Turkey, is a voluntary assistantat The Clinics for six months. He isstudying bacterial air contaminationwith Dr. Loosli and Dr. Lester.David W. Talmage has been appointed assistant professor in medicineand is associated with Dr. LeRoy inallergy. He was formerly assistant research professor in pathology at theUniversity of Pittsburgh. RESIDENTSTAFF NEWSDr. Michinosuke Amano has returnedto Japan, where he will be in charge oianesthesiology at Keio University Hospital,Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo. He is thefirst physician in his country to specializeand take residency training in anesthesiology.Sam Banks has been installed as president of the Chicago Orthopaedic Society.George M. Bogardus is assistant chiefof the surgical service at the Veterans Administration Hospital, Seattle, Washington.He has encountered many interesting thoracic surgery cases.Gail Broberg is on the staff of Queenof Angels Hospital in Los Angeles, whereshe is practicing anesthesiology.Natalia Tanner Cain is an assistant inpathology under Wolf Zuelzer at the Children's Hospital of Michigan. She will shortly open a joint office with her husband,Dr. Waldo Cain, for the practice of surgeryand pediatrics. -Carl von Essen is associated with thetumor clinic at Michael Reese Hospital.Jacob J. Jacoby, director of anesthesiology at Ohio State University, was a guestspeaker at the annual meeting of the Illinois Society of Anesthesiologists in Chicagoon May 13. His subject was "Depth Control during Combined Anesthesia."Kenneth E. McIntyre has joined thestaff of the Department of Medicine atthe Lovelace Clinics in Albuquerque, NewMexico.Eugene Mindell has joined the facultyof the University of Buffalo Medical School.He will also engage in the private practiceof orthopedics.James E. Nelson is practicing radiologyin Bismarck, North Dakota.Charles Ryan of radiology has beencalled to naval duty.Emmet Ryan of ophthalmology wascalled back into army service on September 1 and reported to Camp Stoneman.California.Roland E. Stevens has an active surgicalpractice in Rochester, New York, and inaddition is kept busy with his six children.Stanley Szymanski began the practice ofradiology in a clinic in Moberly, Missouri,on July 1.Warren K. Wilner, '45, has resigned hisposition as director of anesthesiology at theUniversity of Michigan to enter the privatepractice of anesthesiology in San Franciscoon the staff of Leland Stanford UniversityHospital.S. L. Wolters is practicing obstetrics andgynecology in Lincoln, Nebraska. He isalso chairman of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and an instructorin the School of Nursing of William Jennings Bryan Memorial Hospital. In addition, he is instructor in the School ofNursing of Lincoln General Hospital, instructor in obstetrics and gynecology atCreighton University Medical School, andclinical assistant at the University of Nebraska Medical School.12 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINFACULTY NEWSWilliam E. Adams was host to the members of the American Board of ThoracicSurgery on November 2 and 3, when examinations of that board were given atBillings Hospital. Dr. Adams has beenelected president of the Chicago SurgicalSociety for the coming year, and HilgerPerry Jenkins will be its secretary.Alf S. Alving recently presented certificates of achievement, issued by the SurgeonGeneral, to about 125 prisoner volunteersat Stateville Prison in Joliet for "participation in experiments on the preventionand cure of malaria." Dr. Alving has directed toxicity studies and clinical investigations of primaquine and other promisingdrugs at the prison for the United StatesPublic Health Service and the Army Medical Service during the last year.Gold keys, representing the annual Raymond B. Allen instructorship awards, werepresented by the students of the University of Illinois College of Medicine to fivefaculty members, including Percival Baileyand Cornelius W. Vermeulen. The awardswere designed to honor excellence in individual clinical and didactic teaching. OnMav 30 two hundred students and friendsof Dr. Bailey gathered to do him honoron his sixtieth birthday. An all-day scientific session at the University Club wasfollowed by a dinner at the South ShoreCountry Club.Emmet B. Bay has been re-elected vicepresident of the Chicago Heart Association.George V. LeRoy is among the new members elected to the Board of Governors.Robert Russell Bensley, professor emeritus of anatomy, was presented with theBanting Memorial Medal at the June 7 banquet of the American Diabetes Associationat the Drake Hotel.E. V. 1. Brown has been re-elected president of Provident Hospital and TrainingSchool.Ray E. Brown, superintendent of TheClinics, has been elected to the board ofregents of the American College of Hospital Administrators. Mr. Brown addressedthe Chicago Council on Community Nursing on October 13.Hugh Carmichael, formerly of our faculty, was recently elected president of the Chicago Psychoanalytic Society. Joan Fleming,'37, was elected treasurer.J. W. J. Carpender has been electedpresident of the Quadrangle Club.Lowell T. Coggeshall is president ofthe Chicago Society of Internal Medicine.Edward 1. Compere was among thosewho received medals of honor at a recentmeeting of the International College of Surgeons at Bordeaux, France.Lester R. Dragstedt has been namedthe Thomas D. Jones Distinguished ServiceProfessor of Surgery.Dr. and Mrs. A. M. Dunlap will returnfrom China this autumn. They hope to visitThe Clinics on their way to the easternUnited States.Robert Ebert participated in meetings oftwo committees of the American TrudeauSocietv in New York on October 8-9.Eari Evans was in Paris in July to discuss bacteriophages at the InternationalBiochemical Congress. He also took part in a Bacteriophage Congress, sponsored byUNESCO, in Chantilly, France.E. M. K. Geiling, A. W. Pircio, andE. J. Walaszek received Honorable Mention for their exhibit on biosynthesis andmetabolism of radioactive drugs at the recent annual meeting of the American Medical Association.Horace Gezon has joined the Universityof Pittsburgh faculty as associate professorof epidemiology.George Gomori's book, Microscopic Histochemistry, has just been published by theUniversity of Chicago Press.John Gorrell, assistant superintendentof The Clinics in 1931, is now director,Hospital Administration Division, School ofPublic Health, Columbia University. Healso is associate professor at Columbia University School of Public Health.Paul C. Hodges is the chairman of theSection of Radiology of the American Medical Association. He is also a member of theExecutive Council of the American Roentgen Ray Society.Carl P. Huber, now on the faculty ofthe University of Indiana Medical School,has been elected president of the AmericanAcademy of Obstetrics and Gynecology.Charles Huggins has received from theJane Coffin Childs Foundation $125,000 forfi ve years' research in the Ben May Laboratory. At present Dr. Huggins is visitingprofessor of cancer research at the University of California Medical Center at SanFrancisco.Leon O. Jacobson presented a paper on"A Humoral Factor Concerned in Recoveryfrom Irradiation Injury" at the 1952 Congress of the International Society of Hematology at Mar del Plata, Argentina, September 21-27. He also took part in the Symposium' on Hemophilia of the NationalAcademy of Medicine at Buenos Aires.While in South America he lectured to themedical students and faculty of the University of Peru at Lima, the University ofChile at Santiago, and the Universityof Sao Paulo.H. G. Kobrak's films on the ear wonsecond prize when they were shown at theFestival Internazionale del. Film Medicoscientifico in Torino, Italy.Arlington C. Krause was recently appointed a member of the National Committee on Retrolental Fibroplasia. He isalso president of the Chicago OrthopedicSociety for this year.William Lester, Jr., has been appointedan associate member of the Commission onAcute Respiratory Diseases of the ArmedForces Epidemiological Board.John R. Lindsay has been re-electedsecretary-treasurer of the American Otological Society, Inc. In August, Dr. Lindsayflew to Europe to present a paper before ameeting of the Collegium Otorhinolaryngologicum Amicitiae Sacrum in Zurich,Switzerland. On October 16 he gave theWherry Memorial Lecture, "ExperimentalObservations Bearing on Meniere's Disease," at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Ophthalmologists and Otolaryngologists at the Palmer House in Chicago.Clayton Loosli has been appointed con- sultant to the Communicable Disease Ceter of the Public Health Service.Jules H. Masserman, a former memlof the University of Chicago faculty, Ibeen elected president of the Illinois P!chiatric Society.Norman B. McCullough, '44, a fommember of the University of Chicago f.ulty, has been appointed by the SurgeGeneral as chief of clinical research at 1Microbiological Institute of the NatioiInstitutes of Health, Bethesda, MarylaiThe newly established unit' is now unrconstruction and is scheduled to open1953. Clinical investigations in infectirand tropical diseases will be carried onthe clinical center. Dr. McCullough hascently been in charge of the brucellcresearch at the Microbiologi'tal InstituHe will continue his work in brucellosisIrene Neuhauser has been elected sectary-treasurer of the Chicago Dermatolocal Society. She is a former member of 1University of Chicago faculty.Walter 1. Palmer has been electedhonorary member of the Colorado StMedical Society.John F. Perkins, Jr., discussed "C(tinuous Measurement of Blood OXy!Content and of Respiratory Oxygen aCarbon Dioxide during Anesthesia" befthe Chicago Society of AnesthesiologistsOctober 14.Edith 1. Potter, associate professorpathology (obstetrics and gynecology),one of five American women physiciansreceive the annual Blackwell Award of 1New York Infirmary for significant conibutions to the practice and teachingmedicine. This citation was bestowedDr. Potter for her work in infant patholoRichard Richter attended neurologimeetings in Rome in September andmained in Europe for vacation travel.Paul Schafer, an .Anniversary visifrom the University of Kansas, addres.the Jackson Park Branch of the Chic,Medical Society on October 16 on broncectasis.Samuel Soskin on September 1 enteprivate practice in Los Angeles. Hesigned as director of the Medical ReseaInstitute of Michael Reese Hospital, Ccago., and dean of the hospital's postgrarate school. For twenty years he was fassistant professor and later professoriallturer in physiology at the UniversityChicago.Paul Steiner's retiring presidential :dress before the American AssociationCancer Research was entitled, "An Evaation of the Cancer Problem."Evangeline E. Stenhouse, head ofdepartment of dermatology at Women,Children's Hospital, Chicago, and at ,time a member of the University of Ccago faculty, has been elected presidentthe American Medical Woman's AssociatiPaul Talalay is studying for six monat Cambridge, England.Paul Weiss attended a conferenceUtrecht, Holland, on "The Biochemical,Structural Basis of Morphogenesis." 1conference was sponsored by the Intnational Institute of Embryology, of wb[Continued on next page]MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 13ALUMNI NEWS'31. Egbert H. Fell has been promotedto professor of surgery at the University ofIllinois College of Medicine.'33. A. J. Benesh is chief of radiology atthe United States Veterans Hospital, Seattle,and assistant professor of radiology at theUniversity of Washington Medical School.John Van Prohaska, clinical associateprofessor of surgery, University of Illinois,11 spoke on "Surgical Management of Cancer� of Bowel and Rectum" before the South� Side Branch of the Chicago Medical So� ciety on May 8.� '40. Cotter Hirschberg, professor of childII psychiatry at the University of Colorado,II and director of the Medical Center's Men'0. tal Hygiene and Child Guidance Clinic, hasi been appointed director of the Departmenttel of Child Psychiatry at the Menninger Foun-dation, Topeka, Kansas.:I- '42. Catherine Armstrong has been pracgj.. tieing pediatrics in Carlsbad, New Mexico,he for two years. Her son is now six years old.Edward Roy Woodward has beenall. awarded a Commendation Ribbon for meriJill torious conduct while serving as a medicalofficer of the Surgical Service of the UnitedII- States Naval Hospital in Yokosuka, Japan.:� '43. David M. Hume has received a fel� lowship in cancer research from the Ameri)� can Cancer Society to work in the Labora�. tory for Surgical Research, Peter Bent/ Brigham Hospital, Harvard University.'44. Lester Gootnick has recently gonei into private practice of orthopedics inIt Rochester, New York.ill Melvin M. Newman has been calledIi- back into military service and will be sta-tioned at the Naval Hospital, St. Albans,New York, on a thoracic surgery service.'45. Glen A. Gibbons has completedtraining in general surgery at Massachusetts Memorial Hospital and will beginspecializing in chest surgery. He will spendsix months at Bellevue Hospital in New, . York on medical chest under Dr. J. BurnsAmberson, and on January 1, 1953, he willbegin chest surgery in Boston under Dr.John Strieder. He married Maria A. DeVito of Riverdale, New York, on Novem. ber 12, 1949.James S. Miles writes that he is not director of the orthopedic division of theDepartment of Surgery of the Universityof Colorado as stated in the spring BULLETIN but the only full-time instructor in thedivision, which consists of six residents andtwenty volunteer orthopedists.'46. V. Mintek was released from thearmy in January, 1952, and is now in thefirst of a two-year residency at the HudsonRiver State Hospital. He hopes to be ableto take boards in psychiatry in about twoand a half years. His third child, a boy,was born in January of this year.Howard E. Tewell, Jr., is in privatepractice of internal medicine at Harlingen,Texas.Herbert E. Warden is a fellow in surgery at the University of Minnesota, andanyone getting up that way is invited to, drop in and see him. He writes that EdI Brakney, intern, '46-'47, who recently re-I turned from Korea, is also in surgery at theUniversity of Minnesota Hospital. Faculty News-[Continued from page 12]he is vice-president. Dr. Weiss also participated in a conference on Differentiationin Stockholm.Joseph M. Wepman spent September 2through September 12 as director of anins tit u te on aphasia therapy sponsored bySt. Vincent's Hospital of New York City.H. Guy Williams-Ashman (Ph.D., University of London, 1949) has received anAmerican Society fellowship for work withDr. Charles Huggins in the Ben May Laboratory for Cancer Research.Edward Woodward, instructor in surgery, has been appointed the Markle Scholar.PROMOTIONSTo professor:Austin Brues-MedicineDouglas Buchanan-PediatricsJohn O. Hutchens-PhysiologyTo associate professor:Earl Benditt-PathologyRobert Ebert-MedicineRichard Landau-MedicineWilliam Lester, Jr.-MedicineCharles P. McCartney-ObstetricsSydney Schulman-NeurologyHelmut Seckel-PediatricsRobert W. Wissler-PathologyTo assistant professor:William Barclay-MedicineWilliam Bethard-MedicineRose Engel-AnesthesiologyBurton Hoffman-SurgeryRichard J. Jones-MedicineEugene Kennedy-Ben MayGeraldine Light-AnesthesiologyMorris Lipton-PsychiatryRoger Morris-MedicineWm. H. T. Murray-PsychiatryPeter Talso-MedicineGeorge Crichton Wells-Dermatology'47. In October Robert Elghammer returned to Chicago after completing his period with the armed services. He was stationed for some time in Alaska.A. Ravenros is now in the army aftercompleting a residency in radiology at theHospital of the University of Pennsylvania.He is in the Medical Field Service Schoolat Fort Sam Houston for an eight-weekindoctrination course.Richard Stoughton returned from Korea and has been reassigned to Fort Campbell, Kentucky.'49. Norman I. Graff is co-author withJ an Frank and Arthur Marshall of a paperon "Some Observations on PersonalityChanges Following Lobotomy," presentedat the American Psychiatrists AssociationConvention in Atlantic City in May.Arthur Wendel has completed a twoyear residency in Tacoma, Washington, andis practicing in Port" Angeles, Washington.He has two children, Reed, two and a halfyears, and Martha, nine months.'51. Harry Williams is at King CountyHospital in Seattle, where he has ampleopportunity for practice and responsibility.He, Weldon Thomas, and Pat Ragen havea suite overlooking the harbor and are veryhappy with their situation.Leon Gordon, '52, and Ira G. Wool, '53,have been awarded the Harry GinsburgMemorial Prize for 1952. The prize is atribute to the late Harry Ginsburg, who LEAVING THE CLINICSMiss Florence Balfour, after twentyseven years of service, is retiring as assistantdirector of nurses at Lying-In Hospital.On July 1 Frances E. Brennecke became medical director of Crippled Children's Services for the state of Arkansaswith an appointment as assistant professorof orthopedics at the University of Arkansas Medical School in Little Rock. Dr.Brennecke was on the Student Health Service and assistant professor of orthopedicshere.Lincoln V. Domm has left the Universityto become professor and chairman of theDepartment of Anatomy of the StritchSchool of Medicine at Loyola University.Ralph W. Gerard has been appointedprofessor of neurophysiology at the University of Illinois College of Medicine. Hewill head the research laboratories of theDepartment of Psychiatry at the IllinoisNeuropsychiatric Institute. Dr. Gerard hasbeen associated continuously with the University of Chicago since 1927. He is currently president of the American Physiological Society.Walter D. Hawk will leave the StudentHealth Service, where he has been assistantdirector and assistant professor of medicine,to join-the University Health Service of theUniversity of California at Berkeley. Heplans to leave about January 1.Norman P. Johnson, former instructorin anesthesiology, is now in the Navy andis serving on the "U.S.S. Consolation."F. Ellis Kelsey has accepted the chairmanship of the Department of Physiologyand Pharmacology at the University ofSouth Dakota in Vermillion. Mrs. Kelsey(Frances Oldham, '50) has been with theJournal of the American Medical Association here.Albert 1. Lehninger, associate professorin the Ben May Laboratory for Cancer Research, has been appointed DeLamar Professor of Physiological Chemistry at theJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine. He replaces Dr. W. Mansfield Clarkas chairman of the department. Dr. Lehninger returned from Europe in June aftercompleting a year's study under a Guggenheim traveling fellowship.Huberta M. Livingstone has resignedfrom the University of Chicago after serving in the Department of Surgery since 1928.Dr. Livingstone was the first diplomate ofthe American Board of Anesthesiology inIllinois and established at the University ofChicago the first approved residency training program for anesthesiologists in thisstate. She was associate professor of surgery.Dunlap W. Oleson has left the Department of Pediatrics to go into private practice in Sarasota, Florida.Alfred Rider, '44, will become assistantprofessor of medicine at the University ofCalifornia Medical Center in San Francisco on January 1,1953.Mary S. Sherman, assistant professor oforthopedics, is leaving The Clinics to jointhe staffs of the Ochsner Clinic and TulaneUniversity, New Orleans.died while a student at the University ofChicago and is given for research in physiology. Dr. Gordon received an M.D. withhonors in physiology and is interning at thePhiladelphia General Hospital. Mr. Woolis a junior medical student.14 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINASSOCIATION NEWSEducational Values In ScienceBy VICTOR JOHNSONIn recent years I have sat in numberlessmeetings of committees which have discussed premedical education and which haveimplicitly or explicitly relegated science tothe realm of machines, technology, and useful tools rather than education. A recurringtheme is: "Premedical students should nottake too much science-they should acquirea good general education," as though education in science and a good general education are different things, if not actuallymiles apart. For several compelling reasons,science should occupy a prominent place inany general education.First, "literature and the fine arts havebeen through many centuries the commonpossession of the race. .. But only in thelast half century has science reached maturity and revealed its titanic power." Thismight be dramatized by bringing togethercertain masters who worked centuries agointo a group of moderns in the same field.Christopher Fry or T. S. Eliot- wouldspeak essentially the same language asShakespeare. Euripides could collaboratecomfortably with Robinson Jeffers in presenting Judith Anderson to Broadway inMedea, unburdened by a span of twentyfour centuries.Contrast these imaginary meetings withsimilar ones in science. What is commonplace to every medical student-even laymen-would be confounding to the bestphysician of a mere century ago. Antisepsis,asepsis, and antibiotics would be entirelyincomprehensible without labored lessonslearned from Pasteur, Lister, and Fleming.Second, and more important than itsnewness, is science's revolutionary effectupon man's thinking. Copernicus providesa good example. His idea that the earthmoved created scarcely less consternationthan if he himself had actually moved it.His concept of the sun as the center aboutwhich the earth moved swept away thecomplex theories of concentric circles, eccentric circles, cycles, and epicycles, seeking toexplain the relative movements of the moon,planets, sun, and stars. It did much more.It shattered a universe of thought.To the educated man and scholar, as wellas the peasant and slave, before Copernicusthe earth was the center and the majorobject of all creation, with the firmamentsubordinated to it. The sun rose to lightman's labors and set to help him sleep. Thestars were placed to guide his journeys.Animals and plants were provided for man'sfood and shelter. The world was a stageequipped with various living and nonlivingobjects and canopied by an assortment ofhea venly bodies as stage properties. Thescene was prepared by God for the expresspurpose of providing man with an opportunity to enact the drama of salvation.Furthermore, the entire act was but a prologue to the body of the play, which wouldbe enacted at some not-too-distant placein the hereafter. This doll-house view oflife is almost impossible to comprehendin the light of today's concepts provided byscience. Third, the aesthetic values of scienceequal those of the arts and literature. Isthere a Shakespearean play with a climaxmore startling than that of Pasteur's anthraxexperiment? The conclusion of the experiment was witnessed by "Delegates fromthe Agricultural Society of Melun, frommedical societies, veterinary societies, fromthe Central Council of Hygiene of Seineet Marne, journalists, small farmers ... -all were there." They came to see fiftysheep, twenty-five previously vaccinate d,twenty-five unvaccinated; later each of thefifty had been inoculated with a deadly doseof anthrax: "The carcasses of twenty-twounvaccinated sheep were lying side by side;two others were breathing their last .... Allthe vaccinated sheep were in perfect health."In presenting these thoughts, there is nointent to question the unassailable positionof the arts and humanities in educationbut rather to point out that these haveno more proprietary claim than does science upon the dramatic, the beautiful, theimaginative, upon the provocation of themind to creation.DR. PALMER Speaking for the Faculty:It is a pleasure to speak for the faculty.The primary purpose of this occasion, historically, was to honor the graduating class.A secondary consideration was that of aninformal social gathering of the faculty,PALMERresident staff, graduating seniors, and alumni. As the years have passed, this secondarypurpose has assumed a greater role largelyas a result of the increase in the number ofalumni and their increased interest in theiralma mater. I trust that through the yearsto come this function will continue to takeplace annually and that it will provide amost happy evening for the renewal of former associations, the reawakening of oldmemories, and the cementing of friendships, old and new.It is indeed a pleasure to welcome backthe graduates of previous years and alsothe alumni of the resident staff. The contact of the faculty with the house officers is often closer than that with the studentIt is good to have these former interns arresidents with us. We are delighted to hatheir help in inducting a new group in'the alumni association.And now to the graduating class, we ,the faculty extend our congratulations arbest wishes. You have completed not merly four years but many years of formeducation and training. To use a Churchilian phrase, you have reached "the endthe beginning." You have arrived at OJof the most important and most memorabmilestones in the life of a physician. Fronow on we of the faculty are no longyour teachers but your fellow-students, ccleagues, and companions traveling the bra,highway of medicine in search of the HoGrail. The quest, as you know, will nevend, but the journey will be filled wiexcitement and adventure; there will Imany disappointments and heartaches, bthere will also be many gratifying rewarand compensations. Your former teachewill learn with pleasure of the increaseyour families and the development of yochildren. We shall read with pride u:tinged with envy your many contributioto the advance of medicine. The prograthis afternoon was a most auspicious begining. We shall observe with gratificatiryour further growth as practitioners. Vshall note your Hollywood homes and fleeof Cadillacs; our pleasure will be ting.at times with a little envy or perhaps ev.some annoyance. There is one aspectyour lives of which we shall have littknowledge-the extent to which as deccated physicians you give of yourselvesyour patients.The primary concern of our more rcently departed chief, Dr. Dallas Phemistrwas always the welfare of the patierNothing pleased him more, in his quimodest way, than the expressions of gratful appreciation received so often "from lpatients. He brushed these flattering corments shyly aside, but with a smile of satifaction. I like to think, and I am sure t.thought would please him, that his immotality will be found in part in the liveshis patients; it will be found also in tlives of his many students and devothouse officers; his affection for them wdeep and abiding. Dr. Phemister's examjwas an inspiration to us all; his influenwill live on in the University of Chicaand in the world of medicine. We are thanful for the years he was with us and four memories of him.I again say to the graduating senioin behalf of those members of the faculgathered here tonight and also in behalfthose who are with us only in memoand in spirit, that we wish you well. \ishall be proud of you. You are better trainthan your predecessors. As physicians y,will serve mankind; you will save Iivand even more frequently you will reliesuffering. Some of you will make great d.coveries, blaze new trails into the unknowand establish new frontiers. In your seve)ways you will each make your contributi.to the great tradition and heritage of meccine.[Continued on page 15]MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 153Jn .:ffltmoriamWilliam Lee Brown, Jr., died July. 10,1952, of cor pulmonale at thirty-four yearsof age. He received his M.D. at the University of Chicago in 1942 and was in theregular Navy during World War II. Afterthe war he joined the staff of Illinois Central Hospital where he died.Leo K. Campbell died on June 13, 1952.Dr. Campbell was one of the first internsat Billings Hospital and has been a staffphysician at Presbyterian Hospital since1926. He is survived by his wife, EugeneField Campbell; his mother, a sister, Mrs.Russell Clark, and two brothers: ColonelPaul A. Campbell (now with the U.S.A.F.,and also a: former Billings intern) and FredW. Campbell, all of Frankfort, Indiana.Paul Cameron Foster died of intracerebral hemorrhage on July 26, 1952, atforty-nine years of age. He received hisM.D. from the University of Chicago in1937 and was affiliated with the HolzerHospital, Gallipolis, 'Ohio, and was a fellowof the American College of Surgeons.John Harold Mills, M.D., University ofChicago, 1933, died on October 14, 1951,at the age of forty-nine. He was a specialist certified by the American Board of Internal Medicine and a fellow of the American College of Physicians certified by theNational Board of Medical Examiners. Dr.Mills served during World War II and wasaffiliated with the Veterans AdministrationHosoital in Portland, Oregon.Alumni Awards-[Continued from page 8]at New York University School ofMedici'ne, head of medicine and directorof research, New York University Service, and on the staff at Goldwater Memorial Hospital, Welfare Island.William B. Tucker, M.D., Universityof Chicago, 1933; faculty, 1943-47. Heis clinical associate professor of medicine at the University of MinnesotaSchool of medicine and chief of the tuberculosis service at Veterans Administration Hospital in Minneapolis.A. Earl Walker, intern and residentin neurosurgery, 1931-34; faculty, 1937-47 (M.D., Alberta, 1930). He is professor of neurological surgery at TheJohns Hopkins University.Frank E. Whitacre, resident in obstetrics and gynecology, 1929-31; faculty for short time in 1944 after returnfrom Manila on "Gripsholm" (M.D.,Iowa State, 1926). He is professor andchairman of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of Tennessee College of Medicine.James Laverre Whittenberger, M.D.,University of Chicago, 1938; fellow,1939-40. He is associate professor ofphysiology at Harvard UniversitySchool of Public Health.Harwell Wilson, intern and residentin surgery, 1932; chief resident, 1938-39 (M.D., Vanderbilt University, 1932).He is professor of surgery and chairman of the division at the Universityof Tennessee College of Medicine. The HistoryIlza Veith and Franklin McLean'sMedicine at the University of Chicagois a history of The Clinics in its firsttwenty-five years.In a chapter called "The Natural History of an Idea," Dr. McLean describesthe events leading up to the opening ofThe Clinics, in terms of the idea, expressed by Dr. Rufus Cole at the dedication in 1927, that "the University hasestablished a true university departmentof medicine; it has erected an observatory and laboratory for the study of diseases." The rest of the book tells thestory of how the idea developed and ofwhat The Clinics have become and howthey function. The history does not attempt to measure the total contributionof The Clinics or the achievements of allthose who have been educated andtrained here. It does give us a roughmeasure for the four hundred and fif-VEITHteen graduates of the first thirteen years,from 1929 through 1941. Of that group,one hundred and thirty-four now holdacademic appointments in medicalschools or research institutions; twentyseven have the title of full professor,with almost as many departmental chairmen; one hundred and fi fty-two arecertified by specialty boards; and seventy-six are listed in American Men ofScience.Franklin McLean is not only an authorof this history but one of the most influential figures in the story of TheClinics. It was he who first put the ideainto practice and made it work. Mrs.Veith is assistant professor of the historyof medicine and associate editor of biology and medicine in the University Press.The book is worthy of its authors. Association News[Continued from page 14]LLOYD ROTH Speaking for the Students:I consider it an honor to speak to thisclass tonight. I am well aware of the factthat it is made up of sixty-two rugged individualists, and I am therefore more likelyto misrepresent than to represent the class.It is noteworthy that .for four years wehave steadfastly refused to elect anyone topermanent office. We have, however, calledon various people from time to time tospeak for us.Leon Gordon was first to negotiate usthrough a crisis which he prevented frommaterializing in our Freshman year. DonCummings arranged for discussions withour antagonists in the Department of Physiology during our second year. As Juniors,it seemed to be every man for himself.This year we sent Dave Haskin to NewYork to help plug gaping holes in thematching plan. Spargo, Skom, Bloomfield,Kjellberg, and Wolkonsky have at one timeor another been asked by the faculty toconfer with them.The class has refused tenure to all itsmembers, preferring to meet each need witha new face. In addition to being individualists of the first water, we have been described by one faculty member as "sophisticated and brittle." Under the stress of thelast four years we have separated into manysmall groups and have reacted to that stresswith the understanding of the poet CarlSandburg: "It doesn't matter whether thestone bumps the jug or the jug bumps thestone-it's bad for the jug."Our class has not been without humor.One cannot forget how Morry LeVine acquired the nickname of Jose. He was making rounds with an attending man unableto converse with a Spanish patient. Morrycame to the rescue with "Como esta,Senor!" which stimulated the patient torespond with a flood of Spanish. When theattending man asked Morry what had beensaid, Morry replied, "I don't know."When this class assembled in 1948, it consisted of seventy-two hopefuls, and an entourage of eighteen known wives and sixchildren-50 per cent of the children havingthe surname "Roth." Today there are fortytwo married students, with twenty-fourchildren.It is interesting to note that no marriedstudents dropped out of the class and thatno student with children born before thesenior year was elected to A.O.A. The moralseems to be:"A wife may be a boon to a degree,But kids lower the boom on a key."We offer a salute to those who achievedthe distinction of A.O.A., and we salute thewives and kids who saw the rest of usthrough.MARRIAGESDr. Frank Brazzil Kelly, Jr.-OnaHines Magner, May 10.Dr. Franz Schubert-Dr. Elena Hawkins, June 21.Dr. Thomas Warren Anderson-GraceAdelaide Bartshe, June 28.Dr. Phillip Cagan-Elizabeth Wright,June 29.Dr. Paul S. Russell, Jr.-Allene Lurnmis, September 24.16 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINRADIOOn Sunday following the celebration,many of you must have heard the "University of Chicago Round Table" program on the problems of medical researchin the future. The panel for this program was drawn entirely from participants in the Twenty-fifth AnniversaryCelebration: Dean Coggeshall; Walter L.Palmer, president of the Medical Alumni; Chester Keefer, the first chief resident in medicine and one of the Distinguished Service Award recipients; andCharles L. Rammelkamp, '36, one of thespeakers on the Saturday morning panel.They discussed the decline of the deathrate in the young from infectious diseasesbrought about by such means as immunization, water purification, and antibiotics. The statistics point up the fact,however, that longevity after middle agehas not increased in fifty years and therefore that medical research in the futuremust be oriented primarily in the direction of the degenerative diseases.New Lounge for MedicalStudentsThe old pathology museum is no more.In its place is the new students' lounge,furnished and decorated by an anonymous donor in appreciation of the treatment his family had received at Billings.The students have taken it over withenthusiasm. They have appointed a committee to be responsible for its use andcare. They have already acquired an FMradio from the profits on their soft-drinkdispenser. The books that have beengiven to them are In constant uses�andard texts, current journals, magazmes, and a set of the Great Books. Acontinuous motion-picture projector isbeing tried out whereby films on medicalsubjects may be seen at any time. MEMBERSHIPWe think it is time again to define the. qualifications for membership in theAssociation. Article II, Section I, of theconstitution reads:"The qualifications for membershipin the Association in addition to the degree of Doctor of Medicine shall be oneof the following:"A. Graduation from the University ofChicago Schools of Medicine (or suchname as may have been used in the pastto designate the medical school on thecampus of the University of Chicago)."B. Appointment to the Resident Staffof the University of Chicago Clinics (Aibert Merritt Billings Hospital, ChicagoLying-in Hospital, Bobs Roberts Hospital, etc.)."c. Appointment on the faculty of themedical school, or appointment of clinicalor research assistant in one of thedepartments of the medical school. (ThePh.D. is acceptable in lieu of M.D. foradministrative officers or professors.)"D. Graduation from a Class A medical school after having successfully completed six quarters of residence at theUniversity of Chicago School of Medicine."This issue of the Bulletin is being sentto as many potential members fromthese four categories as we have addresses for. Some time this year we willsend out questionnaires in an effort toestablish an up-to-date record of allmedical alumni.Cards are enclosed for dues and gifts"Corridor CommentWhile considering all the fine thingsthat are being said about The Clinicsthese days, we notice that the front stepsof Billings are again in need of replacement. To have worn out two sets of stonesteps in twenty-five years proves at leastthat we have been busy.MEDICAL STUDENTS' LOUNGE JUNE REUNIONThe meeting in June was a fine OCCasiOIThe time coincided with the annual meeiing of the American Medical Association iChicago, and hundreds of alumni anfriends of the University were visitors duiing that week.The seniors gave their papers on Fridaafternoon, June 11, to a large audiencEveryone agreed that they met the higstandard set for these sessions. Abstracof most of their papers appeared in orspring BULLETIN. .Dr. Jenkins, the retiring president, pnsided at the annual meeting, held for Hfirst time at the banquet. The new office]were inducted and the president's gavel w,presented to Walter L. Palmer. Honorargold keys of the Medical Alumni were pnsen ted to A. J. Carlson, Huberta Livingstone, and Franklin McLean. .Dean Coggeshall presented the BordeAward to Donald Tapley for his paper 0"The Degradation of Steroids by Micrcorganisms."Dr. Palmer spoke for the faculty to tlgraduating class, and Lloyd Roth repliefor the seniors. The texts of both talks algiven here. Victor Johnson, '39, director (the Mayo Foundation, was the princip:speaker. His title was "Educational Vahnin Science." His paper will be publishein full in a national journal, but he hspermitted us to publish an abstract of it.After the scheduled program, the senio:who had put on the Senior Skit sang tlsong they had written to Eleanor Humplreys. She had been too busy to go to tlSkit, and they wanted her to hear it.was a treat for us all.Officers for 1952-53President : WALTER L. PALMER (Rus'21 )Vice-President: ELEANOR HUMPHREY(Rush '31)Secretary: GEORGE V. LERoy (U of I'34 )Treasurer: LEON O. JACOBSON (U of I'39)M embers of the Council (for threyears): .FRANK B. KELLY (Rush '20)ELOISE PARSONS (Rush '25)fReunion banquet speeches on page 14BULLETINof the Alumni AssociationThe University of ChicagoSCHOOL OF MEDICINEAUTUMN 1952 No.1VOL. 9WILLIAM LESTER, JR., EditorHUBERTA LIVINGSTONE, Associate EditorM embers of the Editorial Board:CLA YTON G. LOOSLIROBERT H. EBERTJESSIE BURNS MACLEAN, SecretaryPrice of yearly subscription $2.00