olume 6 AUTUMN 1949 Number 1Division of Otolaryngology Uses Electroacoustic Equipment inHearing Researchhis article describes the research activities of the Division of Otolaryngology and was prepared by members of the department underupervision of Dr. John R. Lindsay.he sense organs of the ear containede complex hard capsule of bone whichnmds them have always presented pe­r problems in the study of normaliology as well as of disease processes.n essential facility of the Ear, Nose,Ihroat Laboratory is the histological'atory where not only the routineological tissues are prepared for{ but temporal bones prepared andmed serially. A collection of human middle- and inner-ear pathology has beenaccumulated in the last twenty yearswhich has contributed considerable newinformation and has formed the back­ground for instruction and further experi­mental investigation. Temporal boneshave been received from various parts ofthe United States as well as foreign coun­tries. The ears from experimental animalsare also prepared here for the final histo­pathologic examination. In addition to the customary facilitiesfor the care of animals and for carrying­out operative and other experimental pro­cedures, the laboratory has recently beenexpanded to permit special types of in­vestigation.An electroacoustic laboratory has beenestablished to apply the methodology ofacoustics and electronics to the study ofhearing. Equipment has been added topermit analysis of the sound vibrations of2 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINOtolaryngology -(Cont. from page I)various parts of the conducting apparatusby means of optical recording and photog­raphy.Through co-operation with the labora­tory of Dr. W. D. Neff of the Departmentof Psychology, the use of the conditionedreflex has been added as an indicator ofhearing in the experimental animals.The cost of construction and equip­men t in the electroacoustic laboratorywas provided by the Simms Fund. Sup­port for experimental projects in progressin the department is supplied in part byseveral special funds.The electroacoustic laboratory con­tains a separate small soundproofed andelectrically shielded room. The laboratorycontains equipment for the productionCat in a rotating cage in the sound condi­tioning room of the laboratory ofexperimental psychology.and measurement of many types of soundstimuli, together with a partially com­pleted amplifying and recording systemby means of which various electrical po­tentials useful in the study of hearing canbe analyzed and recorded photographi­cally. Additional facilities include a smallshop and general purpose electronic testequipment used in the construction andmaintenance of specialized laboratory in­struments.One type of potential studied in thelaboratory is the cochlear microphonicsignal obtained from the round window ofthe cat in response to sound stimuli. Thispotential can be utilized as a quantitativeindex of the sound transmission char­acteristic of the middle ear. This proce­dure, for example, is being used in a cur­rent research project in an attempt to de­termine the effects of the middle-ear mus­culature upon the efficiency of sound con­duction to the inner ear. Nerve-action po­tentials produced anywhere in the nervoussystem as a result of sound stimulationcan also be recorded with the equipment.Mr. Joseph E. Hind, B.S.E.E., is incharge of the electro acoustic laboratory, and he collaborates with various depart­ment members in experimental projects.The investigations carried on in thedepartment in recent years have falleninto four main groups: (a) a study of theeffects of certain stimuli, injuries, vita­min deficiency, and operative procedureson the sense organ; (b) the analysis of theaction of the sound-conducting mecha­nism in the normal and in diseased ears;(c) experiments on the fenestration opera­tion in monkeys to determine factors in­fluencing osteogenic closure of the newwindow; and (d) experimental surgicalprocedures on the labyrinth with the ob­ject of destroying that part of the earwhich is concerned with equilibrium with­out injuring the auditory apparatus.Dr. Harold Schuknecht has been car­rying out a series of experiments to deter­mine the nature and degrees of injury tothe sense organ which may follow headtrauma. It has been known for manyyears that varying degrees of deafnessmay follow a blow to the head even in theabsence of fracture. Hemorrhage into theinner ear has been thought to be a mainfactor in causing the deafness, but not allthe hearing loss can be explained on thisbasis. Dr. Schuknecht has been studyingthe problem in cats which he has condi­tioned to sound stimuli for the purpose ofdetermining the hearing thresholds. Oneear of the animal is destroyed, and theanimal is then conditioned to sound sothat an accurate threshold audiogram canbe obtained. Varying degrees of deafnessare then produced by delivery of blows tothe head of the anesthetized animals invarious areas. The hearing thresholds areagain determined at suitable periods afterthe injury, the cochlear potentials arealso recorded as a second indicator ofhearing, and finally the inner ears andbrains are sectioned serially and studiedhistologically. So far these experimentsindicate that the blow creates a sharppressure wave which passes through theskull injuring Corti's organ and the pe­ripheral cochlear neuron directly. Theinner ear apparently can tolerate consid­erable quantities of red blood cells forlong periods of time without serious in­jury. Dr. Schuknecht is also attemptingto create isolated lesions in the tip of thecochlea in conditioned cats.Noone has yet been able to produce alow-tone inner-ear type of deafness in ani­mals. It is hoped by these experiments tofind out whether the tip of the cochleaactually is the location of the sensory re­ceptors for low tones.One of the greatest wonders in physiol­ogy is the sensitivity of the sense organs.The threshold of hearing, for example, isso low that vibrations which are a hun­dred times smaller than a hydrogen mole­cule can produce inner -ear oscillationswhich in turn lead to an auditory sensa­tion. While the oscillations are of such aminute nature at the threshold of hearing,loud tones produce oscillations in the earwhich are many million times greater.Loud tones of low pitch, especially, can be visualized by means of low-power mrnification. This visualization is made pisible when the movements are deceleratby means of either the stroboscope or tultrahigh-speed motion-picture cameBoth of these methods are being usedDr. Heinrich Kobrak in making detailobservations of the acoustic vibrationsthe various parts of the sound-conductimechanism, including the movementsthe stapes and the round window mebrane. The stroboscope was used in piparing moving pictures entitled See I. Ear Hear and The Function of the EarHealth and Disease, the latter now beiSEE THE EAR HEARThe eqUipment used for stroboscopic obsemtions of acoustic vibrations of the ear.shown in this and many foreign countrieDr. Kobrak has also been using the metlod of optical recording to study the v.brations of the conducting mechanism cthe ear. Tiny mirrors so small as to havnegligible weight are placed on variouparts of the eardrum, ossicular chain, an.labyrinthine windows, and the vibrational characteristics studied by means ofreflected beam of light. ..A method which has been found to bmost valuable for study of the acoustiproperties of the human ear has been I.carry out the studies on the ear as pari 0the autopsy examination. The acousticaproperties of the conducting apparatusothe ear change relatively little for som'time after death. Hence it is possible tostudy the acoustic function in the laborstory in addition to the customary methocof studying histological sections.Dr. Perlman has in recent years engaged in three main projects. The first 0these was a clinical study of the Eustachian-tube function, in which he developed and utilized methods for objectivdetermination of the function of the Eustach ian tube in the human. This subjechas had a particular application to thosengaged in aviation or those subject tothe wide variations in pressure peculiato caisson and submarine work. It has.further and nonetheless important appUREMEMBER TOPAY YOUR DUESMEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 3.ion in the determination of Eustachian­>e function in children which is essen­I in the prevention of subsequent mid-.-ear deafness.A second project has been a study ofeffect of vitamin A deficiency on theiy labyrinth capsule and inner ears ofmals. He has demonstrated that theensive irreversible changes that are.ught about in the bony labyrinth ofbits by means of vitamin A deficiency,extreme cases results in interferenceh function because of apparent pinch­-off of the nerves from the inner ear.\ third series of experiments has been.ied out over a number of years on thestion of acoustic trauma. This has in­led observations on the human asl as several series of controlled experi­Its on animals. The sound-condition­method has been used as a means ofmnining hearing in the animals as. as recording of cochlear micropoten­;. Dr. Perlman has been endeavoringmd out the mechanism by which thee wave may damage the sense organI evident injury to the sound-conduct­mechanism.'he fenestration operation for im­-ement of hearing in otosclerosis fre­itly failed in the early years of itsboth abroad and in this country, forral reasons, chief of which was theency for the new window to close bybone formation. A series of experi­ts has been carried out and is nowing completion on monkey ears in they of the various factors influencingIgenesis at the site of the new round.ow as well as the effect of the opera­on the sense organ. Over a hundredkey ears have been used in these ex­nents, It has been possible to createfenestra in the monkey which re­ed open until the experiment ter­.ted at fourteen months and seemed: permanent, and, by comparison of/arious methods used and their re­. to arrive at important information1 is now applied to the operative pro­'e in the human.ie collection of human inner-earilogy includes a series of ears fromondition known as "Meniere's dis­, This is one of the main collectionsI has recently established the nature! inner-ear pathology in this condi-1\ series of experiments has been un­ayon monkeys and conditioned cats.errnine the effect of various opera­rrocedures on the sense organs; theate aim is to develop an operati ve:lure by which the function of the.ular part of the inner ear which isisible for the dizzy spells may be in­ited without further destruction ofgan of hearing. The conditioning ofanimals and the testing of the hear­carried out in Dr. Neff's laboratoryDepartment of Psychology, whiletimate histological examination isin the Ear, Nose, and Throat His­cal Laboratory. U. of C. Clinics Blood BankThe University of Chicago ClinicsBlood Bank opened in September, 1942,with Dr. J. Garrott Allen as director.Since that time 27,000 transfusions havebeen administered from this department,which serves the Clinics group of Billings,Lying-in, Bobs Roberts, and the Homefor Destitute Crippled Children. As withall new departments, the first big problemwas that of finding adequate quarters.Two rooms on the first floor that had beenused as storerooms, oxygen supply, etc.,were turned into a blood bank, but withina few years the department had outgrownthese quarters. In March, 1947, the BloodBank moved to a more adequate suiteacross the hall from its original location inwhich a sterilizer, still, and the othernecessary equipment were all centrallylocated. The Blood Bank personnel hasalso been increased and is now composedBottllllg of FinalPlasma UnitsfrollL (!jron PoolPREPARATION OF BLOODPLASMAof a supervisor, Miss Carolyn Sykes, fourregistered nurses, a clerk, and an attend­ant.Just recently this suite, including adonor-room, icebox-room, sterilizingroom, LV. room, and waiting-room, wasredecorated. The donor-room, in whichthe blood is drawn, is the cite of a noveldecorating scheme. The walls of the roomare coral and gray, and the ceiling isdecorated with four murals depictingwell-known French scenes. Overheadlight fixtures have been removed, and in­direct lighting illuminates these paint­ings, which make interesting subjects forthe enjoyment and study of the donors asthey are giving blood.For the month of October, 1949, 670pints of blood were drawn using modifiedFenwal equipment; 450 units were dis­pensed as whole blood and 55 units asplasma. It is requested that all transfu­sion reactions be reported to the BloodBank for their records, but, as an addedcheck, patients' charts are checked for reactions by a Blood Bank nurse. Thereaction rate for October was 1.5 per cent,which is an average month.In order to meet the constant andgrowing need for this service which willsoon be called upon to serve the GoldblattMemorial Hospital as well as the otherbuildings being added to the hospitalgroup, further plans are being made forthe expansion of the Blood Bank facilitiesand activities. As of November 21, theBlood Bank started the manufacture ofparenteral solutions for the Clinics. Thisis a step in the direction of eventuallyhaving all intravenous therapy under onecentral control.Dr. Schafer AppointedHead of Surgery atUniversity of KansasNow that the editors have obtained apicture of Dr. Paul W. Schafer we aresupplementing the brief notice appearingin the summer issue of the BULLETIN con­cerning his appointment on July I aschairman of the Department of Surgeryat the University of Kansas School ofMedicine. Dr. Schafer came to the Uni­versity of Chicago Clinics in 1939 as anintern and left in 1946 as an instructorupon receiving an appointment as assist-SCHAFERant professor of surgery at the Universityof Kansas. In 1948 he became associateprofessor of surgery and oncology.Dr. Schafer has made numerous con­tributions to surgical literature, particu­larly in the fields of cardiovascular andgastric physiology. He has made impor­tant studies on the relationship betweenneurogenic hypertension, polycythemia,and sympathectomy and has contributedconsiderably to the surgical approach ofcarcinoma of the pancreas by his experi-(Cont. on page 7)4 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINSCIENTIFIC SECTIONThe Treatment ofBrucellosis in ManOn September 22-23, 1949, a Symposi­um on Brucellosis was held in Bethesda,Maryland, under the joint auspices of theNational Institutes of Health, the NationalResearch Co-uncil, and the Bureau of A ni­mal Industry. Dr. Norman B. McCulloughand Dr. C. Wesley Eisele participated inthe symposium. A synopsis of part of Dr.Eisele's paper is presented.The advent of each new chemothera­peutic or antibiotic agent brings an arrayof early enthusiastic reports on its efficacyin a great variety of infectious diseases.All too often, more extensive experienceand critical observations on controlledmaterial show the new treatment to be oflittle or no value for the disease in ques­tion. This course of events has occurredrepeatedly in brucellosis. The evaluationof experimental therapy in any disease isnot easy, but in brucellosis the multitudi­nous symptoms, the well-known diag­nostic difficulties, and the variable andunpredictable course all serve to renderjudgment of therapy exceptionally diffi­cult.Currently, much enthusiasm is beingdemonstrated for both aureomycin andchloromycetin in the treatment of brucel­losis. Several reports have described aprompt remission of symptoms and feverearly in the course of treatment witheither drug. Unfortunately, only a few ofthe reported cases had been followed suffi­ciently to permit a statement of possiblerelapse or cure. Already, scattered oralreports have suggested a considerable re­lapse rate' even with high dosages, andwell-controlled animal experiments havebeen disappointing. Both aureomycin andchloromycetin should be considered to bestill in the experimental stage for thetreatment of brucellosis. Their in vitro ef­fects are primarily bacteriostatic ratherthan bacteriocidal and are quite inferiorto those of combined streptomycin andsulfadiazine, facts which should temperone's enthusiasm.Our own clinical experience with thesenewer antibiotics, although quite limited,has not been impresssive. Failures and re­lapses have occurred with both drugsmore frequently than one would antici­pate with a truly specific agent. In a pa­tient with constant septicemia, dailyblood cultures remained positive through­out a fourteen-day course of chloro­mycetin, although high blood levels of thedrug were attained and a spontaneous re­covery occurred subsequent to therapy.The combined use of streptomycin andsulfadiazine may be considered to be thefirst specific treatment for brucellosis. AI- though this probably is still the most ef­fective treatment available, serious neuro­logic toxicity observed in an occasionalpatient sharply limits the usefulness ofthis method. The newer dihydrostrepto­mycin appears to reduce the hazard tosome degree. Recently other combina­tions including the newer antibiotics havebeen advocated, but observations aremuch too limited to allow judgment oftheir merits.It can be said that all the currenttreatments are effective in some cases butthat none is successful in all. It is prob­able that aureomycin and chloromycetinwill not prove to be so effective as earlyreports indicated.(J-Glucuronidase ActivityBy LESTER D. ODELLOne of the important detoxifying orconjugating mechanisms in the body in­volves the joining-together of glucuronicacid with certain hydrocarbon poisons(borneal and menthol), estriol, pregnan­diol, diethyl stilbesterol, and variousother substances. This reaction is believedto be facilitated by an enzyme, a glu­curonidase. It is possible to determine theactivity of J3-glucuronidase by hydrolyz­ing a biologically prepared chromogenicsubstrate, phenolphthalein glucuronide,and comparing the color it develops in analkaline solution with that which developswith weighed amounts of phenolphtha­lein.Because the enzyme J3-glucuronidasehas become associated with steroids,studies were completed on normal and ab­normal pregnancy, menstruation, and,more recently, on reproductive organ can­cer in women. In regard to the latter itwas observed that histologically malig­nant tissues of the cervix, vagina, andvulva assayed higher for enzyme activitythan their histologically benign counter­parts. In the case of the cervix this differ­ence was sharply differentiated at a valueof 400 units. In respect to endometrialand ovarian cancer, no difference could bedemonstrated between the results of as­says on benign and malignant tissues.Assays made on vaginal secretionsfrom clinically benign and malignant le­sions of the female reproductive tractshowed values above 300 units in un­treated carcinomas of the cervix. How­ever, 20 per cent of the patients with clin­ically benign conditions fell into the ma­lignant group so far as vaginal secretionassays were concerned. The reason forthese false positive values remains ob­scure, but the possibilities include a bac­terialliberation of the enzyme, the pres­ence of large numbers of polymorphonu- clear leucocytes in the vaginal exudatand the contamination of the vaginal!cretion by enzyme-rich tissues, notabendometrium. At the present time effO!are being made to enlarge the seriescases studied and to see if the methodworth while for screening purposes.The Relationship of theMethods for Storing PoolePlasma and HomologousSerum JaundiceBy J. GARROTT ALLENDuring World War II latent hepatitwith or without jaundice was recogniz.as one of the most important hazardsblood and plasma transfusions. The rported incidence of "homologous serujaundice" has varied considerably, bhas been higher for plasma (2-r5 pcent) than for blood and highest in t)Mediterranean areas. Its cause is asumed to be a filtrable virus, although tldisease has not yet been successfultransmitted to animals.The earliest description of jaundice atributed to the transfer of human proucts was in a report of an epidemicEngland in 1883. Of 1,289 people vacinated with "humanized lymph in glcerine," 191 of these patients develop,icterus after several weeks to severmonths. Several other epidemics were rported prior to 1938. In a discussionone of these MacCallum suggested thothe "hypothetical virus" could be tranmitted by needles or syringes that weimproperly sterilized.Because of the high incidence of hmologous serum jaundice in pooled pIarna, it has been suggested that plasma mbe pooled or that no more than five d·nors contribute to a given pool. Methotfor the "sterilization" of plasma ha'been investigated, the most prominent'which have been the use of ultraviollight and addition of nitrogen mustanto the blood or plasma. Both of the­procedures appear promising, althougnot all investigators are willing to accqnitrogen mustard as being a nontoxagent once it has been brought into sol'tion and allowed to stand several hourThe frequency with which "transfsion jaundice" has been reported elswhere is in contrast to our experiencethe University of Chicago Clinics.search of clinical records was undertaketo determine the number of patients rceiving blood or plasma who developelatent and otherwise unexplained icteruThe review included the years 19'through 1948. During this period 25,6:MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 5sfusions of blood and plasma weren to 6,727 patients. Of these patients,7 received our plasma and no blood.e of these developed homologousm jaundice that was recognized. Ofents receiving our blood, 28 developedsfusion icterus and at least one ofe patients died as a result of this com­ition, With the surplus Red Crosshilized plasma 11 of our patients de­ped latent jaundice. Some 690 pa­ts were either lost to follow-up studiesied of other diseases sooner than sixths after transfusion. The study pe­for each patient extended only fornonths after the last transfusion wasn.'here is no immediate and completelyfactory explanation as to why we: had no apparent transfusion icterusl the plasma produced in our Bloodk.. The plasma pooling and storageess as carried out in our Blood Bankreviewed in the hope that some ex­ation of our seemingly nonicterogenicma might be found. The plasmas areed from surplus bloods. The final poolains plasmas from twenty-five to:y donors. This is stored permanentlyrom temperature after culturing forerial contaminants. A period of threeths is allowed to minimize any un­.lly high isoagglutinin titers. There­:, it is issued as required until the ex­tion date, one year after pooling.'he question is: Does the storage ofma' at room temperature for threeths inactivate the virus of hornolo­, serum jaundice? Virologists cautionnst allowing any virus to stand for� than a few hours at room tempera­in a cell-free medium lest it lose itsrity. The activity of many viruses canreserved for a considerable period byige at low temperatures, by dry­:ing techniques, or by incubating the; with living cells. It will be recalledthe first two of these procedures havewidely used in the preservation ofma and that whole blood stored fore to five days resembles in part incu­on with living cells (although at:.) as a means for the preservation ofI resistance.'he relationship of the methods ofige oi plasma to the preservation ofI activity and icterogenic plasmaots speculation from which it may beto refrain for the present. It can beed, however, that, while the lyophi-19 or the freezing of plasma are ex­nt means for the preservation ofna, these are also standard pro­res employed in the preservation of! activity.ggeshall Delivers Dedica­In Speech for GoldblattHospitallith the completion of the Nathanblatt Memorial Hospital for Neo­ic Diseases this year, the University of Chicago will be provided with facilitiesfor research into the causes, prevention,and treatment of cancer that, in my opin­ion, are excelled nowhere.Such a statement can be substantiatedby describing the relationship of this newstructure to the University as a whole,especially as ·it applies to the attempts tosolve the profound problems of normaland neoplastic growth. It would be wellto consider this hospital as the apex of apyramid the base of which extends overthe sixteen separate departments of thebiological sciences division and some ofthe physical sciences departments. Thestudy of cancer is the study of life itselfand is not confined to any physical areaor to the thinking of anyone individual.In order to present this relationshiplogically, I shall describe the physical as­pects of the Nathan Goldblatt MemorialHospital. It will be seven stories in height,and, in order to gain the maximumamount of space, certain auxiliary func­tions which would normally be includedhave been eliminated. Thus, the entirestructure will be devoted to attacking thebasic problems of cancer. The basementlaboratories are air-conditioned and willhouse chemotherapeutic studies. Thisprogram, already active and under abledirectorship, consists of the preparationof new compounds and the testing of themin laboratory animals, with the hope thattheir experimental cancers will be retard­ed or destroyed. If successful in this re­spect, and if found not to be harmful tothe normal cells of the body, the com­pounds will then be used therapeuticallyin man. Space will also be designated forthe development and evaluation of newdiagnostic tests for cancer. One largeroom will be used to house special instru­ments-such as the ultracentrifuges, elec­trophoretic apparatus, etc. A mouse col­ony will be maintained for the purpose ofstudying the biology and genetics of can­cer, as well as to provide animals forchemotherapeutic studies. The first and second floors will be de­voted primarily to out-patient clinics forthe diagnosis and care of the ambulatorypatient. The third and fourth floors willcontain beds for fifty-two patients. Thefifth, sixth, and seventh floors will also beused for research purposes, and, in addi­tion, there will be special facilities forsurgery and radiology.As stated, this hospital will provide anopportunity for a concentrated attack onthe various aspects of the cancer problem.It will be the focal point where many ofthe related studies now being carried on invarious departments of the Universitywill culminate. The uniqueness of theUniversity cancer program lies in thebreadth of the attack made on cancer bythese departments and the scope of thespecial projects directly related to cancerwhich are being conducted in each. Inbiochemistry, for example, the mecha­nism of life in the normal and cancerouscell is being investigated. The metabolismof cancerous growths in plants is beingstudied by the botanists. By improvedtechniques, the surgeons are attemptingto reduce still further the deaths due tothis terrible disease. Also, the investiga­tors here will be closely associated with thephysical scientists in the near-by acceler­ator building where the huge cyclotronw ill be tested on certain selected cases forpossible beneficial effects. These are but afew of the many examples of the impor­tant basic work under way throughoutthe division, which we hope will terminatein a better understanding of this scourgeof humanity and possibly its control orelimination.Adjacent to and connected with theGoldblatt Hospital will be the huge Ar­gonne Cancer Research Hospital, built bythe Atomic Energy Commission. Thisfacility will be especially designed andconstructed for the use of high-energysources in the study and treatment ofcancer. It also will be a seven-story struc­ture, with forty-six beds, and is expectedto be available for use in 1951. Its labora­tories will be staffed by specially trainedinvestigators and clinicians from this andnear-by institutions working closely withthe staff of the Goldblatt Hospital.Thus, in this fine research hospital thatwe are here to dedicate today, there isprovided the ultimate in opportunitiesfor the co-ordination of all our efforts to­ward the solution of the cancer problem.Everyone knows the final objective. Noone is certain of the remaining distance tothat objective-it may be near by orbarely in sight. But everyone knows thatthe generosity, effort, and sincerity ofMaurice Goldblatt has produced a toolwhich will make the going easier and thegoal infinitely closer.REMEMBER TOPAY YOUR DUES6 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINALUMNI NEWS'34. John H. Darst of the Greeley Clinic,Greeley, Colorado, attended a postgraduatecourse in obs tetrics and gynecology in Chi­cago the first part of November.'35. Sam W. Banks has been 'elected sec­retary-treasurer of the Chicago OrthopedicSociety for the coming year.'38. Charles Kiigerman and Alan M.Robertson, '44, were recently made Instruc­tors in Medicine (Psychiatry).Lester D. Odell, Assistant Professor ofObstetrics and Gynecology, recently de­veloped a chemical test to identify cancer ofthe cervix. As a result of a report of his find­ings appearing in Science Magazine, this tes tis now being used by eleven U.S. cancer cen­ters.Dr. Odell received his S.B. degree in 1935and his M.D. degree in 1938 from the Uni­versity of Chicago. In 1934 he did researchwork in the Anatomy Department under Dr.R. R. Bensley. He was an intern in Medicineat The Clinics from 1938 to 1939 and from1939 to 1941 was an intern in Obstetrics andGynecology and a research associate. From1941 to 1943 Dr. Odell was a resident in ob­stetrics and gynecology at University Hos­pital, Iowa City, Iowa. In 1943 he entered theNavy and was a lieutenant U.S.N.R. FlightSurgeon until he returned to The Clinics in1946 as an instructor; in 1948 he became anassistant professor.Dr. Odell's main research interests havebeen kidney function in toxemias of preg­nancy and more recen tly }3-glucuronidase ac­tivity in human female genital cancer. In ad­dition, he has published clinical papers on avariety of obstetrical subjects. Dr. Odell is amember of several professional societies in­cluding the American Federation for ClinicalResearch, the Central Association of Ob­stetrics and Gynecology, the Chicago Gyne­cologic Society, the American Association forCancer Research, Inc., and the Central So­ciety for Clinical Research. '39. Edward H. Camp is now chief residentand instructor in surgery at The Clinics.'40. Philip J. Clark writes from Hays,Kansas, where he has joined the Eddy Clinic.He was previously associated with Dr. PaulSchafer at the University of Kansas. Dr.Clark has completed the firs t part of theODELLAmerican Board of Surgery examinations. Hehas two sons, the youngest four months old.'4[. Charles E. Test is resident and in­structor in medicine at The Clinics.'42. Edward R. Woodward and James M.Fritz were recently appointed Instructors inSurgery at The Clinics.'43. Robert R. Bigelow, former chief resi­dent and instructor in surgery, has opened an office for the practice of surgery in the Mecal Arts Building, Oak Ridge, Tennessee ..writes that he has been kept unusually blfor one jus t opening an office and that.family is pleasantly located in a nice houJohn W. Findley, Jr., formerly resideand instructor in medicine at The Clintrecently entered the practice of internal mecine and gastroenterology in Phoenix, Azona.Anthony R. Furmanski is a neurologistLos Angeles, California.William Webster and Michael- Bonfigare now serving as Ins tructors in SurgeryThe Clinics.'44. Jacob J. Zuidema has been promo!to Ins tructor in Surgery (Otolaryngology)The Clinics.'45. Harry William Fischer visited 1Clinics in August. He is an assistant residrin surgery at Barnes Hospital, St. Louis, Msouri.Warren K. Wilner, Jr., has been appoint.assis tan t professor of anes thesiology and aing director of the Department of Anesthe.ology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,of September I, 1949.'46. John W. Green has been promotedinstructor in pathology at The Clinics.Otto H. Trippel has returned to The CIics as a fellow in Surgery working with IDwight Clark.Sidney Schulman is working with JRichard Richter as a fellow in NeurologyThe Clinics.'48. Paul S. Russell visited The Clini�August. He has started his second year.surgery at Massachusetts General Hospiand is very enthusiastic about the trainingis receiving.I FACULTY NEWSDr. Fred L. Adair has been elected hon­orary chairman of the Joint Maternal Wel­fare Committee of Cook County. This com­mittee works closely with the Chicago Boardof Health and has assisted it in the determina­tion of the rules and regulations for the oper­ation and conduct of hospital maternity de­partments.Dr. Wright Adams has been elected to theboard of governors of the Chicago Heart As­sociation.Dr. A. C. Bachmeyer, who has been treas­urer of the American Association of MedicalColleges since September, 1938, was madepresident-elect as of September I, at the an­nual meeting of the Association which tookplace in Colorado Springs, Colorado. Nextyear on September I, Dr. Bachmeyer will be­come president for the year 1950-51. Morenews about Dr. Bachmeyer is that he was re- cently given an honorary Doctor of Sciencedegree by the University of Nebraska.Dr. J. Roy Blayney has been installed aspresident of the International Association forDental Research.Drs. D. E. Clark, R. H. Moe, and E. E.Adams were awarded a bronze medal for theirscientific exhibit on "Radioactive Iodine-ItsUse in Diagnosis and Therapy" at the annualmeeting of the Illinois State Medical Society.Dr. Edward L. Compere has been electedpresident and Dr.' Hilger P. Jenkins, vice­presiden t, of the Jackson Park Branch of theChicago Medical Society for 1949-50.Dr. Lester R. Dragstedt gave the annualPhi Delta Epsilon lecture at the medicalschool at Syracuse, New York, in September.During the summer he gave lectures and heldclinics at the Veterans Administration hos- pitals in Albuquerque, Denver, Cheyen'and Salt Lake City.Dr. Charles B. Huggins, Professor.Surgery, has been elected a trustee ofWorcester Foundation for ExperimentalBogy for a four-year term.Dr. Joseph Kirsner has been elected pndent of the American Gastroscopic SocietyDr. Heinrich G. Kobrak, Associate Ffessor of Otolaryngology, attended the FouInternational Congress of Otolaryngologheld in London in July. Following the mling, Dr. Kobrak visited Cambridge, Ams:dam, Frankfurt, and Heidelberg, whereaddressed the regional meeting of Gernotolaryngologists.Dr. Ernest Kun, former InstructorPharmacology at the University of ChiClihas been appointed assistant professorMEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 7licine at Tulane University School oflicine, New Orleans.:ommander Leslie Langs has become anructor in X-ray therapy. He is a graduatelayne University College of Medicine andr an internship in a marine hospital heldrtgenological appointments at variousill hospitals.)r. John Lindsay was presented with anorary key for teaching at the recent meet-of the American Academy of Ophthal­ogy and Otolaryngology. He was also re­ted secretary-treasurer of the OtosclerosisIy Group.)rs. Clayton Loosli and William Lestericipated in a symposium on Air Sanita­at the American Public Health Associa­in New York in October. On 'December)r. Loosli took part in a television pro-n which was one of a series of such pro­ns on health education held over WGN­with the co-operation of the Educationalimittee of the Illinois State Medical Soci­The subject was the common cold.)r. Dallas B. Phemister presided and de­'ed the presidential address at the Clinicalgress of the American College of Surgeonsrding the Sixth Inter-American Congressiurgery which convened in Chicago inober.)r. Edith Potter has been made an hon­y member of the Brazilian Gynecologicety and of the Brazilian Pediatric Society.gave a series of lectures at the University.io de Janeiro this past summer.)r. Franklin Snyder of the faculty of Har­I Medical School returned to The Clinicsa visit in late October. He was a guestiker at the postgraduate lectures in ob­rics sponsored by the Chicago Medicalety.)r. Paul E. Steiner gave the presidentialress before the Chicago Pathological So­y in October. His subject was "The Sig­ance of Experimental Carcinogenesis."�SIDENT' STAFF NEWSWalter L. Arons is a research fellow in theiartrnent of Medicine at Johns Hopkinspital, working in the field of endocrinol­, Robert Green, intern at The Clinics inI, and William Chase, '44, are also work­at Hopkins.�ULLETIN, the Alumni Associationhe University of ChicagoCHOOL OF MEDICINEJL. 6 AUTUMN 1949 No.1ROBERT H. EBEl<T, EditorHUBEllTA LIVINGSTONE, Associate EditorM embers of the Editorial Boord:HENlIY T. RICKETTSCLAYTON G. LOOSLILEON O. JACOBSONMARIE J. ECKERT, Secretaryice of yearly subscription for nonmembers. $1,00;ce of single copies, 2S cents. Angelo P. Creticos , formerly an intern atThe Clinics, has returned as an assistant inmedicine in the division of pulmonary dis­eases,Among those who have recently enteredthe private practice of dermatology are Ed­ward Laden in Los Angeles; Robert Snapp,'43, in Phoenix, Arizona; Louis Rubin, '43,in Rockford, Illinois; and Peter Beal, '42, inRedwood City, California.Harold E. Henke, recently returned fromPeiping, China, was renewing old friendshipsat The Clinics in October.Ja�k Lewis and Richard Hull, residents inmedicine at The Clinics, recently returnedfrom Alaska, where they spent three weeksrelieving two government doctors who at­tended refresher courses,Visitors at Billings during the Octobermeetings of the Academies of Otolaryngologyand Ophthalmology included: Bruce Proctor,Detroit, Michigan; Jack Gordon, Charlotte,North Carolina; Walter Aagesen, Anderson,Indiana; Robert Miller, and F. Stuart Ryer­son, Detroit, Michigan; and K. S. Sun, Ames,Iowa.Royal Stuart has joined the Ochsner Clinicin New Orleans.Walter S. Thompson, Jr., has become as­sociated with Dr. Louis E. Martin in thepractice of internal medicine in Los Angeles,California.During the American College of Surgeons'meetings in October the following were amongvisitors at The Clinics: Fred Kredel, Charles­ton, South Carolina; Harwell Wilson, Mem­phis, Tennessee; Henry Harkins, Seattle,Washington; Paul Schafer, Kansas City,Kansas; Henry Harms, Holland, Michigan;Eugene Wiege, Greeley, Colorado; TerryFolin Rhoads, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;M. P. Van den Bosch, Denver, Colorado;Pearl Sampson Strang, Long Beach, Cali­fornia; H. M. LeVeen, New York City; andYounger A. Staton, of West Palm Beach,Florida.Dallas B. Phemister FundThe Dallas B. Phemister Fund, in ad­dition to its program of a lectureship andsurgical fellowship, has also financed aportrait of Dr. Phemister. The portrait,which was completed in June, 1949, was_painted by Mr. Edmund Giesbert, afaculty member of the University of Chi­cago. Many of you who read the BULLE­TIN can imagine Dr. Phemister's reluc­tance to sit for a portrait. It is not knownwho convinced him that it must be done,but it is rumored that Dr. Huberta Liv­ingstone and Mrs. Phemister were re­sponsible. Prints of the portrait have beenmade and are being sent to all those indi­viduals who contributed to the Dallas B.Phemister Fund.BIRTHSDr. and Mrs. Robert Wissler-John Polk.July 6.Dr. and Mrs. F. Howell Wright-StephenGaehr. July 9.Dr. and Mrs. Robert V. Slattery-Ann Eliza­beth. July 22.Dr. and Mrs. J. Thomas Grayston-Susan.July 30. Dr. and Mrs. John F. Perkins-Katharine.August 31.Dr. and Mrs. Isidore Gersh-Ilona. Sep­tember 3.Dr. and Mrs. Raymond J. Dern-KathrynAnn. September I I.Dr. and Mrs. John W. Green, Jr.-JohnWalker III. September IS.Dr. and Mrs. F. Ellis Kelsey-Christine Ann.September IS.Dr. and Mrs. David Ruml-David Jordan.September 2 I.Dr. and Mrs.' T. F. Thornton" Jr.-JohnDennis. September 17,Dr. and Mrs. Peter Talso-Kathryn Ann.October 9.Dr. and Mrs. Emmet J. Ryan-Nancy Paige.October 13.Dr. and Mrs. James Rule-Mary Elizabeth.October 18.Dr. and Mrs. Warren K. Wilner, Jr.-WendySue. October 24.Dr. and Mrs. J. W. J. Carpender-PatriciaLouise. October 26.Dr. and Mrs. Otto Trippel- David Leonard.October 31.MARRIAGESDr. Charles Freundlich-Bette Gene BoasJuly 16.Dr. Melvin M. Newman-Joyce Kligerman.September I I.Dr. Joseph Hugh Leek-Frances Carlin.October I.Dr. William B. Neal-Paulita Heermann.October 8,Schafer-(Cont. from pagej)ments on portal-vein resection. Currentlyhe is engaged in research regarding theeffect of the autonomic nerves on gastricsecretion, experimental surgery, and theutilization of electronic instruments forthe measurement of cardio-pulmonaryvariables. His text, Pathology in GeneralSurgery, is now being published by theUniversity of Chicago Press.Coincident with Dr. Schafer's assump­tion of the chairmanship of the surgerydepartment is the opening on November2I of a new surgery wing at the Univer­sity of Kansas Medical Center. This con­tains six operating rooms in which thereis a television system as well as appropri­ate patient facilities. It represents thefirst instance of a permanent televisioninstallation in any surgical unit. This per­mits simultaneous observation by stu­dents in the classroom of operating-roomprocedures or, when desired, their trans­mission by the local television stations.Dr. Schafer is a member of numerousorganizations, among which are: the So­ciety of University Surgeons, the Ameri­can College of Surgeons, the AmericanBoard of Surgeons, the American Associa­tion of Thoracic Surgeons, the WesternSurgical Society, and the Society for Ex­perimental Biology and Medicine.8 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINASSOCIATION ACTIVITIESSenators MeetThe Medical Alumni Association heldits Ninth Senate Meeting on. Tuesday,November I, 1949, at the QuadrangleClub. Senate approval was obtained forthe appointments of Dr. Robert Ebert asEditor of the BULLETIN for the comingyear, and Dr. Kenneth Nelson as chair­man of the Membership Committee. Mr.Lawrence S. Sonkin, senior medical stu­dent and representative of the Associa­tion of Interns and Medical Students oncampus, was officially welcomed to thegroup, as was Dr. John Glynn, newly ap­pointed representative of the Class of1933·Following is a list of the class repre­sentatives who, along with the ExecutiveCouncil of the Association, comprise theMedical Alumni Senate.1931 Dr. Vernon DeYoung1932 Dr. Joel R. Sammet1933 Dr. John H. Glynn1934 Dr. Andrew J. Brislen1935 Dr. Vida B. Wentz1936 Dr. John Post1937 Dr. Carl Pfeiffer1938 Dr. Lester D. Odell1939 Dr. Frederick Owens(on leave of absence;1940 Dr. Horace Gezon1941 Dr. James Goldinger1942 Dr. James Fritz1943 Dr. William O. Webster1944 Dr. Melvin Newman1945 Dr. James Ahern1946 Dr. John Edgcomb1947 Dr. Kenneth O. Nelson1948 Dr. Guillermo Mateo1949 Dr. Nancy Warner IN THIS ISSUEDr. Lindsay and the members of theDivision of Otolaryngology have writtenin detail about the research activities oftheir department. The organization of theU. of C. Clinics Blood Bank is describedby Miss Sykes. In the Scientific SectionDr. Allen comments on the low incidenceof homologous serum jaundice if pooledplasma is stored at room temperature.Dr. Eisle cautions against premature en­thusiasm for the treatment of brucellosiswith the newer antibiotics. Dr. Odell de­scribes the relationship between ,B-glu­curonidase activity and malignancy intumors of the female genital tract. In adedication speech for the Goldblatt Mem­orial Hospital, Dr. Coggeshall talks aboutthe concentrated attack in the cancerproblem made possible by the new insti­tution. We feel that the alumni of this in­stitution are accomplishing things in theworld of clinical and investigative medi­cine as shown by the careers of Drs.Schafer and Odell. We think it would beof interest to review in future BULLETINSthe active careers of such men and wouldappreciate suggestions, particularly con­cerning alumni 'who are at other institu­tions.Don't forget your dues!We encourage you to keep in contactwith your representatives through theAssociation office.Look for a report on the next Senate Meeting, which will have as its main busness plans for the June alumni reunioiThis year the reunion will be held jointlwith the Faculty Student Banquet, nothat the Medical School graduations atagain being held in June.Annual Call for DuesWith this issue of the BULLETIN careare inclosed calling for the payment Iannual dues. Approximately 40 per cerof the membership are annual tnembeand 20 per cent of the membership allife-members. This percentage of grad!ates arid former staff who support the Asociation by evidence of continued inteest and by financial help is so large thrmany members of other alumni associ:tions are amazed. However, to maintaiand expand our present activities, \Ineed gifts as well as dues, and we need tlactive support of more alumni.As of July of this year the Associatichas become a little more independent anis assuming the responsibility of our partime secretary. This is an added expen:that will have to be met from the menbership dues. Those people who are lifmembers or who have paid their dues:advance have no real obligation to COltribute, but, in order that we may havsufficient income for our operations, tlAssociation solicits those who are ablear.sufficiently interested to return' the ilclosed card with their contributions.SAVE YOUR COPIES QFTHE BULLETINThe editors oj the BULLETIN want to take this opportunity towish the members of the Medical Alumni Association and theirfamilies�rrr� qhristmasAND A