{t :\\ ::::(::::::::::::::::: ; :.:.:::::::::::::::::: ::::;;}::::::::::::::;: }{\f .:::.x- , .. :;::::;:::;:::::::::;::.;.: : : .. ::::•. \.i.,.N.:.·... :.,.',.:.·, ... ::.;.i.;.�.;.\J.:.(., .••.,.,.;' y;.·'.. I.\�.,\\; B ). ;;$ ,. li,' :;>.:::.:.:.:.:.:.: ...••...•...• :::::::::::::::::}:::::::::::::::: �\�\rttf) .. .. "-!: : ". .. .. •. .. .. .. . .. �:.\�;t.�l��:\l����\\\�t���;.;� .. \.. �.�:· .. ��.. .,.;? ;' '.;;.(.!.(.'.: ..•.•.•.•.•.'.\ .•. � ... ,; .•. ' .•.•. '.\ ...•... ;, •. ' .•...•...• ,.,.,;.•. :, •...• ,' .• ,'.•.• ,., ..•, .•. ',;,i,·,•. ·, •. ',�� .. ', ..•. ·.; .• ,.,·,., .•.'., •.• ,· .• ,·,· .•, .• , ....�... ,•. ' ..•.. , ..•,., •. '., •. ', .. ;... ,., ..• , ... ;.• ,."),.•. ',.� .. ,;,,., .•... , •.....•. , ..•.. ,.,',., .•.., .•.. , •.• ,.,.',.•. ',., •.•. ,;.•, •... ' .•..•.., •..,., .. : ....•. ' .•. , •. ' ..•.. ,., ..•,.', •.., •.•.::,;.: .• , •...• , •...•... ;� ...•. ', •...• , ..• ,',•...• , .•...• ,.,\,•...•...• ,., •. ' .•...• , •...•. ', •.,.' .•. \, •..•... '.•. ' .•.•...•.•.' .•. \.: .•.•. � ..•. '.:.' .•. l.\.'.•. '.·.'.'.,.;.{.�.�.�.;.: :::::::;:;\\t\\ff.\:.. \:.: .•.. :.. : .•.::.;.t .. :.\ .•.. :.. :,'.�.'\'.".' .. ;.. :.\.:}:(::?:?\:\t\\{{\\{\.\\}\f\{\}VtFlf/.\\(\t:){??:;:::::}/::::::::::::::}:::::::::::::::::::.:::;.:.: .t:�:�:f}:}\{:}:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.:.:.:.:-:.:.:.: .olume 4 APRIL 1948 Number 2ALUMNI REUNION HEADQUARTERSBILLINGS HOSPITALDo�s this look familiar? It is intended to arouse in you an over­wering nostalgia, an irresistible urge to take advantage of a rareportunity which will present itself in June. Our alumni will bele, on one and the same railroad ticket, to attend both the annualmention of the American Medical Association in Chicago ands reunion. of the Medical Alumni on the Midway. On Wednesday,me 23, the staff of the Clinics will hold "open house." They willIcome you to their ward rounds, to their out-patient clinics, andtheir laboratories. All these, you will find, will offer fare of afjerent sort from that which you savored when you were here asstruggling apprentice. Not that the patients have any more'ange and wondrous diseases than they used to or that the generalItern of the research programs, with a" few isotopic exceptions,II be startingly new to those who have followed the steady flow of:entific contributions from our institution. The difference will be in you. You will bring with you a point of view born of maturityand experience which will color in a lively and refreshing fashionthe old familiar scenes, the renewal of old acquaintances, and thegive-and-take of new ideas with your faculty.Nor will all this end with the day at the Clinics. In the eveningthere will be a banquet, preceded by what is sometimes called withdecorous restraint a "social hour." You will hear short addresses bymembers of the faculty, some of whom you may not have met before,and by some of your actual or near contemporaries who haveachieved distinction in one way or another.All in all, this will be the biggest and best alumni reunion inthe history of the Medical School. You now number some twelvehundred souls. You are, thanks to your recent generosity, a goingconcern on a solid, permanent basis. Come and greet yourselves onJune 2312 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINPHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRYPrior to 1936 Pharmacology was a di­vision of the Department of Biochemis­try. In the beginning of that year the De­part men t of Pharmacology was estab­lished as an independent University dis­cipline, and E. M. K. Ceiling, then atJohns Hopkins Medical School, was in­vited to become the Chairman. Dr. Ceil­ing, Frank P. Hixon Distinguished Serv­ice Professor and Chairman of the De­partment of Pharmacology, received hisPh.D. at the University of Illinois in 1917and his M.D. at the Johns Hopkins Uni­versity in 1923. At the latter institutionhe worked with the late John J. Abel until1936, when he was called here to estab­lish the Department of Pharmacology.Since, its inception as an individual unitspecial emphasis has been placed ongraduate training. This policy not only isGElLINGin keeping with the spirit of the Univer­sity but is also an effort to reduce thegreat shortage of trained pharmacologiststhroughout the country. Almost everymedical school needs additional person­nel, the government services are under­staffed, and it is estimated that industrywill require not less than a hundredtrained pharmacologists in the next fiveyears.The qualifications, and therefore thegraduate program, of a well-trained phar­macologist are highly variable. In someinstances a medical training may be theprimary background; in others it may bechemistry, physics, or one of the biologi­cal sciences. Several programs of gradu­ate training are available to students inthis department. The program leading toboth the M.D. and the Ph.D. is the mostpopular, and thirteen stucents at presentare in various stages of that program. Inaddition, four students are candidates forthe Ph.D. degree and two for the M.S.degree. There are also facilities for post­graduate training for M.D.'s and Ph.D.'swho do not seek additional degrees. Theseindividuals usually have fellowships andwish to do special problems. Requirements for the Ph.D. in thisdepartment are a basic knowledge of thepreclinical sciences, proficiency in phar­macology and toxicology, and completionof an acceptable thesis. Students do theirresearch with the help and under the di­rection of one of the four senior staffmembers. J. M. Coon, M.D., Ph.D., As­sociate Professor, is working with thenewer drugs affecting the au tonomicnervous system and has recently beennamed Director of the Toxicity Labo­ratory (see Scientific Section). K. P.DuBois, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, isengaged in studies of the effect of drugsand poisons on the glycolytic, respira­tory, and other enzymes by use of radio­active isotopes, and the newer techniquesin enzymology. F. E. Kelsey, Ph.D., As­sociate Professor, is studying various as­pects of drug metabolism and mechanismof action and is also using radioactiveisotopes in this work. Under the directionof Dr. Ceiling the major research activityof the department in its early years was inconnection with the pituitary hormones,their specific source within the gland, andtheir effect and bio-assay. This work re­quired the study of unusual species ofanimals such as the whale and armadillo,and much information concerning thebiology of these animals was gathered.At present Dr. Ceiling is engaged in astudy of the cardiac glycosides.Beginning in 1941 this department co­operated in two wartime projects, bothsponsored by the Office of Scientific Re­search and Development: the ToxicityLaboratory for the study of chemical war­fare agents and the antimalarial projectfor the study of potential drugs for thetreatment of malaria. The Toxicity Labo­ratory is still operating as an independentunit under a contract with the MedicalDivision, Army Chemical Center. Duringthe war this group carried out studies onthe toxicity of a great variety of potentialchemical warfare agents and has con­tinued similar studies with a change ofemphasis to a more general study of themechanism of action of toxic agents andto studies of rodenticides and insecti­cides, with special reference to the influ­ence of these agents on enzyme systems.Attempts are being made to ascertain theexact mechanism by which poisons andtherapeu tic agents produce their lethaland curative effects. Such studies haveas their basis the increasing evidence thatthe energy-yielding cellular reactions oftissues are catalyzed by enzymes andthat, by accelerating or inhibiting theseenzymatic reactions, drugs will alter thenormal physiological activity of the ani­mal. While this phase of pharmacologicalresearch is relatively new, promising re­sults have already been obtained. Par­ticularly fruitful, thus far, have been thestudies on the mechanism of action of theau tonomic drugs and metallic poisons.As further advances in our knowledge ofenzymology are made, an explanationmay be found for the responses obtained(Cont. on page 4) Following the retirement of the lateDr. Fred C. Koch, Frank P. Hixon Dis­tinguished Service Professor of Biochem­istry, in the fall of 1941, Dr. Earl A.Evans, who joined the staff as Instructorin Biochemistry in 1937, served as actingChairman of the Department of Biochem­istry until July I, 1942, at which time hewas appointed Professor and Chairman ofthe department.. Dr. Evans was born in Baltimore,Maryland, March II, 1910. He receivedthe B.S. in 1931 from the Johns HopkinsUniversity. From 1931 to 1934 he workedwith Dr. J. J. Abel on the chemistry ofthe pituitary hormones and on the mech­anism of the action of tetanus toxin in theliving organism. He was a Research Fel­low at Columbia University from 1935 tc1936 and received the Ph.D. degree fromColumbia in I936, working on the studyof fat metabolism with deuterium as anindicator, under the direction of Dr.Rudolf Schoenheimer. In I937 he becameInstructor in Biochemistry at the Univer­sity of Chicago and was given leave irI939-40 to work in Krebs's laboratory atSheffield, England, as a Rockefeller Fel­low. He was made Assistant Professor ojBiochemistry in I939 and Associate Pro­fessor and Acting Chairman of the de-EVANSpartment in the autumn of I94I. Durin.this period his work was with the study 0intermediary metabolism and with thuse of radioactive indicators for this pulpose.From I94I to I945 he was principainvestigator on war contracts for thUnited States Government, Office of Sc:entific Research and Development, corcerned with the study of the malariparasite. He was awarded the Eli LillMedal of the American Chemical Societin 1941; he was Harvey Lecturer of thNew York Academy of Sciences in I94'He is a member of the Panel on Isotopeof the Committee on Growth of the N�tional Research Council and is SpeciiMEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 3:::onsultant in Biochemistry and Nutri­jon for the United States Public HealthService. He is a member of the American:::hemical Society, American Association'or the Advancement of Science, Society'or Experimental Biology and Medicine,\merican Society of Biological Chemists,md the Biochemical Society (British).Dr. Evans is now on leave of absence'rom the University, having accepted antppointment from the Foreign ServiceReserve of the U.S. State Department toorganize and set up in our London Em­rassy a scientific office designed to pro­note the interchange of information be­:ween Britain and the United States. Hes scheduled to return to the campus Sep­:ember I, 1948.Dr. Crawford F. Failey is Acting:::hairman of the department during Dr.Evans' absence. Dr. Failey received hisPh.D. degree in chemistry at the Univer­.ity of California, Berkeley, in 1926. Dr.Failey was associated with the Toxicity:"aboratory during the war (1942-45),vhere he was engaged with problems re­ated to chemical warfare, and is nowworking on synthesis and study of organicnolecules of high electrical charge.The Department of Biochemistry is:he largest preclinical department, having.wenty-two staff members. The influenceIf biochemistry in the various fields of:linical medicine and the basic sciences is.hown by the fact that nine members of:he staff hold joint appointments in other:iepartments of the School of Medicine.Most of the members of the DepartmentIf Biochemistry have received their ap­oointments within the last six years, but.pace will not permit a biographical.ketch of each one. The teaching and re­.earch activities in the department are·eflected in the large number of graduate.tudents (65) studying for advancedlegrees.During the war the main researchiroject in the department was related to a.tudy of various aspects of malaria. Thisirograrn was conducted under the direc­.ion of Dr. Evans, and the followingieople were associated: Dr. Ceithaml,)r. Speck, Dr. Moulder, and Dr. Vermes­and. A number of other staff members"{ere engaged in war projects elsewhere.rhus Dr. Putnam worked in OSRD re­.earch at Duke University in a study ofilasma proteins and the serological diag­iosis of syphilis. Later he was with the:hemical Warfare Service at Camp)etrick and took part in the research on:rystalline botulinus toxin. Dr. Faileyvas associated with the Toxicity Labora­ory. Dr. Eichelberger, Associate Profes­.or of Biochemistry in the Department ofvledicine, was engaged in malaria re­earch conducted in the Department ofvledicine involving a study of the testingIf various antimalarial drugs. Through­nrt and since this period she has con­inued her studies of electrolyte and waterialance.Dr. Martin E. Hanke, Ph.D., Associ-(Cont. on page 4) PATHOLOGYWith the retirement of the late Profes­sor H. G. Wells in 1940, Professor Paul K.Cannon, who has been a member of thestaff since 1925, became Chairman of theDepartment of Pathology. Dr. Cannonneeds no introduction to the alumni, forthe great majority of the graduates havehad the opportunity to know him per­sonally as a teacher and investigator. Heis nationally known for his scientific con­tribu tions in the field of cellular and tis­sue immunity and for his studies on thenutritional requirements in health anddisease.Dr. Cannon was born in Illinois andfirst came to the University of Chicago asa graduate student in 191 S, after receiv­ing an A.B. degree from James MillikinUniversity. In 1921 he received a Ph.D.degree in bacteriology and pathology andan M.D. from Rush Medical College inCANNON1926. Except for three years as Professorof Bacteriology and Pathology at the Uni­versity of Mississippi (1920-23), Dr.Cannon has been associated with the Uni­versity since he entered as a student.In addition to his responsibilities as adepartment head, Dr. Cannon activelyparticipates in the affairs of the numerousacademic and scientific societies of whichhe is a member. To mention a few of hisappointments, he is a member of theFood and Nutrition Board of the Nation­al Research Council as well as a memberof the Council on Pharmacy and Chemis­try of the American Medical Association.He also serves as Consultant to theArmy, Navy, and U.S. Public HealthService.Besides Dr. Cannon, there are six ad­ditional staff members in the Departmentof Pathology. Dr. Eleanor M. Hum­phreys, who has been associated with thedepartment since 1926, was advanced tothe rank of Professor of Pathology in Oc­tober, 1946. Dr. Humphreys has takenover the supervision of the laboratory andthe teaching of surgical pathology which was shifted from surgery to the Depart­ment of Pathology in July, 1947. In ap­preciation of her excellence in teaching,helpfulness, and consideration throughtheir clinical years, the members of thesenior class of 1947 dedicated the YearBook to Dr. Humphreys.Dr. Paul E. Steiner, Associate Profes­sor of Pathology, who obtained his M.D.degree from Northwestern University in1932, likewise received all his postmedicaltraining at Chicago. His first appoint­ment was National Research Council Fel­low in 1932. He was awarded the Ph.D.degree in the department in 1933 andjoinedthe staff as instructor in 1934. Dr.Steiner entered military service in De­cember. 1943. as a lieutenant commander,M.C. (S) USNR, He served for tenmonths in secret research in the specialprojects division at Camp Detrick. Hethen went to the Pacific theater, goingthrough the Okina wan campaign andserving as Chief of Medicine of a specialaugmented naval hospital N. 8. He alsoserved as laboratory and sanitation of­ficer, during which time he had the op­portunity to study the culture ofOkina wans through their diseases. A mostinteresting paper by Dr. Steiner on"Necropsies on Okinawans: Anatomicand Pathologic Observations" appearedin the Archives of Pathology, Volume 42(1946). Dr. Steiner was advanced to therank of commander and was separatedfrom service in 1946, Since his return hehas taken up his studies, put aside duringthe war, on carcinogenesis in animals andman and on carcinogenic substances ofhuman organs. This investigation is sup­ported by a grant from the AmericanCancer Society. A summary of histhoughts on this subject appears in theScientific Section of this BULLETIN.Drs. Clarence C. Lushbaugh, RobertW. Wissler, and Earl P. Benditt joinedthe staff of the department as instructors,respectively, in 1942, 1943, and 1944.Dr. Lushbaugh received his B,S. degreeIrorn Chicago in 1938 and a Ph.D. inpathology in 1942. Dr. Wissler did hisundergraduate work at Earlham College.He came to Chicago as a graduate stu­dent in pathology, where he received hisM.S. (1943) and his Ph.D, (1946) de­grees. Dr. Benditt is a graduate of. Swarthmore CoUege (1937) and of Har-vard Medical College (1941). He came toChicago as resident in pathology in No­vember, 1944. Drs. Lushbaugh, Wissler,and Benditt were advanced to the rank ofAssistant Professor in the Department ofPathology on July I, 1947.The newest member to join the depart­ment as instructor is C. Harold Steffee,who received his B.S. from Chicago in1943 and M.S. degree in pathology in1946. In addition to the above membersof the staff, two research associates, fiveresearch assistants, and three assistantsparticipate in the research and teachingprogram of the department. Dr. EdwinF. Hirsch, Chief Pathologist at St. Luke's(Cont. on page 4)4 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINPharmacology -(Cont. from page 2)by 'such substances as the cardiac drugs,the hormones, and alkaloidal drugs.The malaria research was sponsoredby, the Office of Scientific Research andDevelopment's Committee on MedicalResearch. Over a thousand compoundswere studied for their antimalarial ac­tivity and acute and chronic toxicity. Ex­periments on the intermediate metabo­lism of drugs were also carried out, espe­cially with quinine and atabrine. One ofthe metabolic products of quinine wasisolated for the first time and in pureform. Identification of its structure led tothe synthesis of a large number of poten­tially valuable compounds.Since the war this department has un­dertaken research projects under grantsfrom the United States Navy (anes­thesiology), the United States PublicHealth Service (chemotherapy and drugmetabolism), the Life Insurance MedicalResearch Fund (heart drugs), CinchonaProducts Institute (quinine metabolism),and the American Medical Association(radioactive tracer technics).Co-operative projects have been or arebeing carried out with other Universitydepartments, including Botany, Para­sitology, Chemistry, Medicine, Surgery,and the Argonne National Laboratory.It is hoped that such interdepartmentalco-operation projects will continue toprove as profitable in the fu ture as theyhave in the past.Biochemistry-(Cont. from page 3)ate Professor and Student Counselor,continued his interest in amino aciddecarboxylases, their preparation, prop­erties, distribution, and application in theestimation of amino acids. Hans Gaffron,Ph.D., Associate Professor, is working onthe mechanism of photosynthesis, whileBirgit Vennesland, Assistant Professor, isengaged in a study of reversible carboxy­lations in animal and plant tissues and ofthe oxidation-reduction enzymes (see Sci­entific Section). Joseph J. Ceithaml,Ph.D., Assistant Professor, is working onthe purification and properties of plantcarboxy lases.Other members of the department areparticipating in a wide variety of researchprograms. Konrad E. Block, Ph.D., As­sistant Professor in the Institute ofRadiobiology and Biophysics, is conduct­ing investigations on the application ofisotopic tracers to the study of biochemi­cal synthesis as related to the formationof fat from carbohydrate and the mecha­nism of peptide bond formation. AlbertL. Lehninger, Ph.D., and William H.Fishman, Ph.D., are Assistant Professorsof Biochemistry in the Department ofSurgery. Dr. Lehninger, in associationwith Dr. Huggins, is studying the detec­tion and measurement of enzymes in theblood stream, while Dr. Fishman is con- Howard Taylor Ricketts MedalIn December, r947, r». M. RuizCastaneda of the Department of Medica!Investigation, General Hospital, MexicoCity, visited our school for the purpose ofpresenting the Ricketts family and theRicketts Laboratory each a silver medalcommemorating the work of HowardTaylor Ricketts and two other outstand­ing investigators in the field of typhus.These medals were struck in r945 on theoccasion of the First Inter-AmericanTyphus Meeting in Mexico City. Themedals bear the likenesses in profile ofRicketts, Nicolle, and Zinsser. The medalfor the Ricketts family was accepted byDr. Ricketts' daughter, Mrs. Walter L.Palmer, and by his daughter-in-law, Mrs.Henry T. Ricketts. The medal for theRicketts Laboratory was accepted byrepresentatives of the Departments ofBacteriology and Parasitology and ofPathology.Annual Alumni GiftAt this time each year the Universityof Chicago Alumni Association throughthe Alumni Foundation makes its appealfor funds for the annual alumni gift. Bythe time you receive this BULLETIN, allgraduates of the University will have re­ceived an invitation to contribute. The:officers of the Association urge the medi­cal alumni to take advantage of this op­portunity to contribute to the over-allsupport of the University. You may sendyour contributions to Mr. Howard Mort,Secretary, Alumni Association of theUniversity of Chicago, 5737 UniversityAvenue, Chicago 37, Illinois.cerned with the enzyme glucoronidaseand its relation to cancer.Theodore T. Puck, Ph.D., AssistantProfessor in the Department of Medicine,with Dr. O. H. Robertson, has been en­gaged in studying the mechanism of ac­tion of germicidal aerosals in relation totemperature and relative humidity. Othermembers holding joint appointments areJames W. Moulder, Department of Bac­teriology and Parasitology (see Jan. 1948BULLETIN), Merlin S. Bergdoll, Food Re­search Institute, and Robert N. Fein­stein, Toxicity Laboratory.Pathology-(Cont. from page 3)Hospital, continues in the department asResearch Associate. He participates inthe resident teaching program there.Although teaching is a major activityof the depart men t, the investigations,which have earned the department widerenown, have resulted in many instancesfrom the enthusiastic discussions andpenetrating questions asked by the medi­cal students in their efforts to understandthe pathological process. One such pro­gram, which has involved the co-opera­tive efforts of Drs. Cannon, Humphreys,(Cont. on page 7) Receive MarklePost-Fellowship GrantsThe John and Mary R. Markle Post­Fellowship Grants for Scholars in Medi­cal Science have been recently an­nounced. Two of them have been awardedto alumni of the University of ChicagoSchool of Medicine. Dr. Robert Ebert,class of '42, and Dr. Ralph O. Smith,class of '43, are each the recipients of$25,000 grants for continuing researchover a period of five years. Competitionfor these grants was extremely keen, andDrs. Ebert and Smith are to be congratu­lated for being so signally honored.Dr. Ebert received his B.S. degreefrom the University of Chicago in 1936and followed this with a Rhodes Scholar­ship at Oxford University, where he re­ceived the degree of D.Phil. in 1939. HeBBERT SMITHentered the Medical School of the Univer­sity of Chicago on his return from Eng­land, graduating in the class of 1942.From 1942 to 1944 he served as internand assistant resident at the Boston CityHospital. In January, 1944, he joined theNavy, serving with the Second MarineDivision from June, 1944, until Decem­ber, 1945; first as a battalion surgeon andlater as chief of the medical service of theDivision Hospital. He served as WardMedical Officer at Great Lakes NavalHospital for six months prior to his sepa­ration from service in June, 1946. Shortlythereafter he returned to Billings as As­sistant in the Department of Medicine,working in the Chest Clinic and carryingon research with Dr. Bloch's group on theeffects of chemotherapeutic agents on thetubercle bacillus and tuberculous infec­tion. With Dr. James ]. Ahern, class of'45, using a transparent window tech­nique in the rabbit ear, he is making con­tinuous in vivo observations on the evolu­tion of the tubercle with particular refer­ence to the role of the vascular responsein the hypersensitive state. Dr. Ebertplans eventually to include observationson the effects of various. chemotherapeu­tic agents in this study. He was appointedInstructor in the Department of Medi­cine in July, 1947.Dr. Ralph O. Smith received his B.S.degree from the University of Chicago ir.1940 and his M.D. in 1943. He interneeat Barnes Hospital, St. Louis, Missouriin medicine, and in addition served twcMEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 5'ears as assistant resident on the medicalervice. Following this he entered thesrmy in July, 1945, and after severalnonths at Valley Forge General Hospitallas sent to Italy and became Chief of.1edicine at the 391st Station Hospitalttached to the 88th Division. He be­arne Deputy Surgeon for the Mediter­anean Theater of Operations prior to hiseturn to the United States in July, 1947.Ie returned to Barnes Hospital andVashington University Medical Schools a research fellow on a Rockefeller�oundation Grant in September. He has.een working with Dr. W. Barry Wood,r., Chief of Medicine at WashingtonJniversity, in the general field of resist­nee to infectious diseases. His particularnterest is in the mode of action of thevmph nodes and the lymphatics in filter­ag out and arresting infection as a part,f the total body defense mechanismgainst infectious agents. He is alsotudying the role of the mast cells inyrnph nodes as factors in the prevention,f fibrin formation in the sinuses andvmphatics and the significance of this.ctivity with respect to the progress ofnfection.Recent Appointment IIIPediatricsOn his return from military duty onvIarch I., 1948, Dr. Albert Dorfmanoined the Clinical Staff of the School ofvIedicine as Instructor in Pediatrics. In.ddition to his teaching and research re­ponsibilities, he will supervise the bio­:hemical laboratory in this department.)r. Dorfman was born in Chicago andeceived his undergraduate (B.S. Bio­.hernistry 1936), graduate (Ph.D. Bio-DORFMAN.hemistry 1939), and medical (M.D.944) training at the University of Chi­ago. From 1940 to 1942 he was a Re­earch Associate in the Department of'3iochemistry and the following year In- structor in Biochemistry in the ZollerDental Clinic. His postgraduate medicaltraining consists of an internship in medi­cine at Beth Israel Hospital in Boston(1944-45) and an Assistant Residency inPediatrics at the University of Chicago(1945-46). Dr. Dorfman was in militaryservice from April, 1946, to March, 1948,during which time he was Chief of Bio­chemistry at the Research and GraduateSchool of the Army Medical Center,Washington, D,C.His research has been concerned withbacterial metabolism and nutrition withspecial reference to the function of mem­bers of the vitamin B complex in cell me­tabolism. While in the service his studiesprincipally were concerned with hyaluro­nidase and its possible relationship torheumatic fever. Dr. Dorfman marriedMiss Ethel Steinman in 1940. They havea daughter 2! years old and live at 7028South Clyde Avenue,Heads Pharmacology at theUniversity of IllinoisOn his return from militarv service Dr.Carl C. Pfeiffer became Professor andHead of the Department-of Pharmacol­ogy at the University of Illinois, Collegeof Medicine, Dr. Pfeiffer received hisM.D. at the University of Chicago in1937. He started his undergraduate andgraduate work in pharmacology at theUniversity of Wisconsin, receiving hisPFEIFFERPh.D. degree from that institution in1935. Dr. Pfeiffer interned at WisconsinGeneral Hospital in 1937 and 1938. In1938 to 1940 he was Instructor in Phar­macology at the University of Chicagoand for a year (1940-41) was AssociateProfessor at the Wayne University Col­lege of Medicine, Detroit. From 1941 to1943 he was Chief Pharmacologist forParke Davis and Company. He was inmilitary service from 1943 to 1945 as alieutenant in the U.S. Naval Reserve and was in charge of pharmacology andtoxicology at the Naval Medical ResearchInstitute.Dr. Pfeiffer is a member of a numberof scientific societies and is the author ofsome forty publications in the field ofpharmacology and physiology. His spe­cial interests concern the physiology ofpain, the pharmacology of analgesicdrugs, and the chemotherapy of cancerand virus infections.Dr. Pfeiffer has been an active par­ticipant in the Alumni Association andrepresents his class in the Senate.Receives Appointment atUniversity of TexasOn February 15, 1948, Dr. Charles L.Spurr, Assistant Professor of Medicine,left the University of Chicago Clinics toaccept an appointment as Chief of Medi­cine and Director of Research at theAnderson Hospital for Cancer Researchat the University of Texas, Houston,Texas. Since his graduation from the Uni­versity of Rochester in 1940 Dr. Spurrhas been associated with the UniversitySPURRof Chicago Clinics, holding the positionsfrom intern to assistant professor of medi­cine. During the war he served with theNavy in 1945 and 1946.While at the University Dr. Spurr car­ried on a very active program of investi­gation particularly in the field of hema­tology and was also interested in the ef­fects of nitrogen mustard in the treat­ment of certain blood dyscrasias. Dr.Spurr is also consultant to the NationalCancer Institute of the U.S. PublicHealth Service. He is married to IsabelHoltzinger, and they have two children.The Alumni Association regrets theloss of Dr. Spurr from the University ofChicago Clinics faculty. He is an ableteacher and an excellent investigator, andwe wish him every success.6 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINSCI E.N T I F I C SECTION IPharmacologic Studies on aNe'Y Group of Cholin­esterase InhibitorsJULIUS M. COON *Department of PharmacologyDuring the recent war a series of com­plex alkyl polyphosphate esters was in­troduced by the Germans as insecticides.Of these compounds, two have subse­quently received some attention in thiscountry. These are hexaethyl tetraphos­phate (HETP) and tetraethyl pyrophos­phate (TEPP).In this laboratory, DuBois and Man­gun (1947) found that these agents arepowerful cholinesterase inhibitors. Theyfurther showed that the inhibition of theenzyme is reversible and that HETP andTEPP, like physostigmine and DFP butunlike neostigmine, gain ready access tobrain cholinesterase. Toxicity studies inthis and other laboratories have shownthat poisoned animals display a typicalparasympathetic syndrome and that thelethal dose is of the same order as thosewell-known cholinesterase inhibitors.Apart from their potentialities as in­secticides or rodenticides, further impor­tance has been attached to these agents.They constitute a radical departure fromthe types of chemical structure whichhave been found to exert anticholines­terase action, thus augmenting our re­sources both in the study of the physiol­ogy of the nervous system and in thesearch for improved drugs for clinicalapplication.Our primary concern in the exploita­tion of these new compounds has been toexamine some details of their pharmaco­logic action, the knowledge of whichwould aid in the assessment of their pos­sible value as substitutes for physostig­mine and neostigmine in their clinicaluses. A study was carried out in whichHETP and TEPP were compared withphysostigmine. neostigmine. and di-iso­propyl flourophospha te (D FP) wi th regardto their specific activities on the bloodpressure, the electrocardiogram and res­piration of dogs and cats, and on theisolated heart and intestinal strips of rab­bits. In these respects the results disclosedextensive qualitative parallelism betweenthe pharmacodynamic actions of thesecompounds and those of physostigmineand neostigmine.In intact anesthetized dogs and catsmoderate doses of HETP (0.3 mg/kg)and TEPP (o.r mg/kg) exerted a pressor• The author was assisted in this work byMr. Paul Salerno and Mr. Richard Bernard.The data presented here appeared in theAug. IS, 1947, Bimonthly Progress Report ofthe University of Chicago Toxicity Labora­tory. effect with little change in heart action orrespiration, while repeated or larger dosesproduced a depressor response accom­panied by strong vagal influences on theheart. Death resulted from respiratoryparalysis. The vagal effect was mani­fested by marked cardiac slowing and, inthe electrocardiogram, by partial A- Vblock or by complete A-V dissociation.Disappearance of the P-wave and inver­sion of the T-wave were frequently seen.These vagal effects were readily pre­vented or abolished by atropine but notby vagotomy, thus indicating a periph­eral site of action. The depressant effectsof acetyl choline on the blood pressureand on the isolated heart were markedlyaugmented by prior treatment withHETP or TEPP.The isolated rabbit heart was rela­tively insensitive to these drugs, tolerat­ing without effect a r: ro,ooo concentra­tion in the perfusing fluid. Larger quanti­ties depressed the activity of the heart,probably by a direct toxic action on themuscle, since atropine had no influenceon this effect.The isolated intestine was highly sen­sitive to HETP and TEPP. Minimaleffective concentrations (r: 20,000,000HETP and r: roo,ooo,ooo TEPP), after alatent period of about IS minutes, abol­ished the pendulum movements and es­tablished a peristaltic rhythm. Thischange could be reversed by atropine,procaine, thiamine, and nicotine but notby repeated washing. In the latter respectthese drugs differed from physostigmineand neostigmine, the effects of whichcould be reversed by washing.It is interesting to note that the rela­tive potencies of the five cholinesteraseinhibitors concerned here appeared to beapproximately the same whether oneconsiders their lethal action, their vagalaction in the intact animal, or their actionon the isolated intestine. Since the lattertwo actions are considered to be basedwholly on the anticholinesterase proper­ties of these drugs, it seems possible thatthe lethal action has a similar foundation.On the basis of weight concentration,TEPP was about two times more potentthan physostigmine and neostigmine,about five times more than HETP, andabout ten times more than DFP. How­ever, on a molar concentration basis, thepotencies of the first three become verynearly equal, while DFP becomes still lesspotent in comparison. Koppanyi andothers (1947), measuring the concentra­tions of TEPP, physostigmine, and DFPnecessary to produce 50 per cent inhibi­tion of cholinesterase in dogs, arrived atthe same relative potencies for theseagents as were derived from our experi­ments. These facts lead one to suspectthat the chemical relationship betweenthese alkyl phosphates and cholinesterase is similar to that between physostigmineor neostigmine and the enzyme.No clinical tests of TEPP or HETPhave yet been reported. It should be re­called that these drugs possess the brainesterase inhibiting capacity of DFP andthe reversible esterase inhibiting capacityof physostigmine and neostigmine. Whatclinical value, if any, this new combina­tion of properties may have can only beascertained by therapeu tic trials.Carbon Dioxide FixationBIRGIT VENNESLANDDepartment of BiochemistryOne of the main research problemspursued in the Department of Biochemis­try during the last eight years has beenconcerned with elucidation of the mecha­nisms whereby living organisms utilizecarbon dioxide. E. A. Evans, Jr., incollaboration with the late Louis Slotin,initiated this field of investigation withthe demonstration by the use of theradioactive carbon C" that carbon di­oxide is utilized by animal organisms,particularly by liver tissue, not onlyin the formation of excretory productssuch as urea but also in the formationof the intermediary compounds ofcarbohydrate metabolism. Subsequentwork indicated that one of the maininitial reactions involved the additionof carbon dioxide to pyruvate to forma ,a-keto acid, oxalacetic acid. This(Wood-Werkman) reaction wasfirst dem­onstrated in bacteria and may be written:CO2 + CHJ • CO • COOH --7pyruvic acid""'" COOH • CH2• CO • COOHoxalacetic acidIt is a typical, enzyme-catalyzed, rever­sible reaction which requires manganeseions or some similar divalent ion as a co­factor. The enzyme catalyzing it has beencalled "oxalacetic carboxylase." The re­action can be studied as such only in theabsence of enzymes which act .furtherupon oxalacetic acid, since the latter com­pound is rapidly utilized by animal tis­sues. Consequently, the bulk of the workhas been done in vitro with partially puri­fied enzyme systems. Radioactive carbonhas been particularly useful as a tool instudying the fixation.Several lines of approach have devel­oped. On the one hand, study of the reac­tion in animal liver has revealed aninteresting association of oxalacetic car­boxylase with an oxidation-reductionenzyme. malic dehydrogenase,. whichrequires triphosphopyridine nucleotide(TPN) as a cofactor. Furthermore, withpurified enzyme, the decarboxylation ofoxalacetic acid is stimulated by TPN, acurious effect for a cofactor hithertothought to be involved only in oxidationreduction reactions. These interestingMEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 7renornena are not yet fully explainedIt are being actively studied.On the other hand, the comparativeochemistry of the reaction is being in­.stigated by B. Vennesland and J.eithaml. This approach was suggested:cause of the apparent basic importancea reaction which involves the forma­m of a dicarboxylic acid from a three­rbon unit derived from carbohydrate.he dicarboxylic acids occur almost uni­:rsally in nature and accumulate inant tissues, though their function inants has not been investigated as fullytheir function in liver and muscle.An extensive survey of plant materialsr the occurrence of the enzyme oxala­tic carboxylase was conducted, and itis found that the enzyme was very.dely distributed, being present in ninett of ten species investigated, and in a.de variety of tissues (leaves, tubers,ots, and seeds). A number of theurces thus found, particularly parsleyot, have been investigated in detail.rriously enough, the malic dehydro­nase requiring TPN as a cofactor has.en discovered associated with ox ala­tic carboxylase in plant tissues as it isanimal tissues. The plant and animal.zymes differ decidedly in physical prop­ties. Certain kinetic details are also.ry dissimilar. However, the basicechanism of the reaction involved ap­oars to be very much the same, indicat­g that a fundamental pattern underliese mechanisms whereby both plants andiimals accomplish the synthesis fromrbohydrate of the dicarboxylic acids.A number of staff members and stu-.nts in the Department of Biochemistry.ve been associated at various times.th the investigations outlined above.f. J. Moulder, Dr. J. Speck, and Missiriam Gollub have contributed to vari­.s phases of the work. Mr. E. Conn is,w engaged in a study of the mechanismthe synthesis of triphosphopyridineicleotide, a process indirectly associatedth the study of the carboxylase, sinceany of the extracts employed can eithernthesize or destroy the nucleotide.Nucleotide metabolism, the functiontrace elements (manganese and cobalt.rticularly) and phosphorylations are. related to the phenomenon of carbonoxide fixation and have been investi­ted in connection with the problem.Random Ideas in CancerResearchPAUL E. STEINERDepartment of PathologyRecent results in cancer research indi­te that the tremendous expansion in'ort now beginning is not misspentergy. Encouraging work in chemother­'y, tumor enzymology, cancer endocr i­.logy, and many other fields will not beviewed, but some advances in etiologyII be mentioned, together with implica­ms regarding cancer prevention whichern therefrom. It has long been known from the tu­mors which occur in special occupationalgroups that exogenous carcinogens cancause human cancers. The tumors so in­duced constitute a small percentage of allcancers of those types in the population.They include few of the major lethaltypes of cancer. Nevertheless, they areimportant for the principle which they es­tablish and illustrate. They raise thegreater question whether other cancersmight not be induced by unrecognizedcarcinogens.The chemicals now recognized as caus­ing human cancer are all exogenous. Theywere discovered because they were unu­sual and because exposure to them waseasily recognized. Cause-and-effect rela­tionships between possible carcinogenscommon in the environment and com­mon types of tumor will be much harderto recognize, if they exist. Such carcino­gens would almost of necessity be actingat very low intensity over long periods oftime, making detection ever harder.Since some of the known carcinogens(of which there are now over two hundredfor animals) are chemically related tocompounds which occur normally in thebody, the question also arises whetherendogenous carcinogens might not beformed under abnormal conditions andcause internal cancers. There is alreadysome slight evidence for this line ofthought.Besides the older principle that expo­sure to certain chemicals can cause hu­man cancer, two new principles are nowknown. They have been derived from re­cent studies of carcinogens, from experi­mental carcinogenesis, and from studieson the natural history of cancers. Theyare (1) that carcinogenic stimuli may beadditive and (2) that some types of can­cer can be prevented. The importantrelated phenomena of cocarcinogenesis,anticarcinogenesis, and procarcinogenesisdeserve separate and more lengthy dis­cussion than is here possible.Some carcinogenic stimuli, even of dif­ferent types, may be additive. The effectsof subthreshold doses of two carcinogensmay be summated to induce tumors. Thisimportant principle, recently discovered,may explain the origin of some humantumors. Since such different types ofstimuli as ultraviolet light, trauma(burns), and chemical carcinogens maybe cumulative and additive in animals,the question of the role of traumas in hu­man tumorigenesis must be reopened.Should this principle be found to apply,much medicolegal opinion in tumor caseswould have to be revised. For example,can a small burn on the face which is in­adequate of itself to induce a cancer do sowhen added to the tumor preparatoryeffects of previous exposure to ultravioletlight?Some types of cancer can be preventedby the application of existing knowledge.Although none of the major types of can­cer is included in this group, an impor­tant principle is established. It has beenclaimed that cancer of the penis could be abolished by circumcision at an earlyage, that 'cancer of the scrotum is pre­ventable by ordinary cleanliness, andthat most of the occupational tumorscould be prevented by proper sanitarymeasures.The extrinsic causes of the major typesof cancer (gastric, intestinal, pulmonic,lymphatic, etc.) are not yet known so thatpreventive measures cannot be applied tothem. Data which are accumulating onthe geographical distribution and racialincidence of tumors strongly indicatethat environmental factors are operatingin causation. Changes in incidence andtypes of tumor in certain races after mi­gration tend to minimize the importanceof constitutional factors and increase therole of environmental factors. Shouldthese observations be borne out, the waymight be opened to reduce these forms ofcancer by prevention.The history of medicine contains manyexamples of diseases controlled if not con­quered by preventive measures before theintrinsic nature of the disease was fullyunderstood. It appears possible that sometypes of cancer might repeat this se­quence of events.Pathology-(Cont. from page 4)Wissler, Benditt, and Steffee and assist­ants during and since the war, has beenthe pathology of nutrition. This researchis supported by funds from the ArmedForces and the National Live Stock andMeat Board.During the war this group played anessential role in aiding these agencies inthe developing of concentrated war andrehabilitation rations, in evaluating theutilizability of plant source proteins, andin determining the importance of nutri­tion in war-borne pestilence and disease.Studies on the dynamics of protein me­tabolism in man and experimental ani­mals have been continued since the war.A summary of these investigations ap­peared in the Scientific Section of theJuly, 1947, BULLETIN.Dr. Lushbaugh served as pathologistfor the Toxicity Laboratory group duringthe war and since this time has continuedhis studies on the effect of nitrogen mus­tards on antibody production and resist­ance to infection and the effect of othernuclear poisons on antibody production.The four emeritus members of thefaculty continue to be active. Dr. LudvigHektoen serves in a consultant capacityat the Chicago Tumor Institute andis editor of the Archives of Pathology.Dr. Maud Slye is continuing, with thehelp of Miss H. F. Holmes, to cor­relate the results of her research on thegenetic aspects of tumors in mice. Dr.Mercy Southwick now lives in Montanaand "enjoys life on the farm."Miss Ruth Alexander, secretary of theDepartment of Pathology for the lastthirty years, continues to serve it and thestudents in a most efficient and co-opera­tive manner.8 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINResident Staff NewsDr. Ralph J. Bailey entered private prac­tice in radiology in Ottawa, Illinois, the firstof January.The Leffie Carltons write from their newhome that they plan to visit The Clinics dur­ing the june .-\.M A meetings They sent thefollowing news items: The Butlers are inColumbus, Georgia, while the Biebers live inWilmington, North Carolina, where Gus ispracticing obstetrics. Charles Marshall, '42,and his wife have purchased a home inTacoma, Washington, while Norman Jesbergis back in Los Angeles, as are the lrvines, whohave purchased a home not far from Norm.The Carl tons have visited Ruth and SamMartin at Duke University. Ruth wasformerly in the anesthesia department here.Dr. and Mrs. Pompeyo Chavez (SabraNichols) and family have moved to Talara,Peru, where Dr. Chavez will be chief surgeonin the hospital of the International PetroleumCompany.Dr. May Eileen Davies, anesthetist at theGunderson Clinic, LaCrosse, Wisconsin,writes that they are enjoying having MaxwellJohnson with them as urologist.Dr. Fe del Mundo, former resident inpediatrics and now professor of pediatrics,University of Santo Tomas, and director ofthe Maternity and Children's Hospital,Manila, Philippine Islands, has been ap­pointed visiting lecturer in pediatrics at theUniversity of Texas Medical Branch, Galves­ton, where she will spend a month teachingthe care of infants and children in the tropics.Dr. Charles M. Jessico, who has beenpracticing neuropsychiatry at the DuluthClinic. returned for some special studies onthe electroencephalogram under Dr. Theo­dore Case.Dr. Harry H. LeVeen writes from the De­partment of Surgery, New York University,that he occasionally sees Dr. Brunschwig,who is apparently enjoying New York muchmore than do the native New Yorkers.Dr. and Mrs. M. H. MAsina were Febru­ary visitors. Dr. Masina is completing histhird year as Research Associate in Urologyat Columbia University, Presbyterian Hospi­tal, New York City. Preceding this appoint­ment he was ship surgeon with the Interna­tional Ocean Transport Group, and traveledsome 50,000 miles during the war.Dr. Paul W. Schafer, formerly resident inSurgery and now assistant professor ofsurgery at the University of Kansas School ofMedicine, has received a grant of $ro,ooofrom the Kansas State Emergency FundCommission for research in cardiac physiol­ogy.Capt. Hugh E. Stephenson, Jr., formermedical intern, writes from Trieste, where heis chief of X-ray Service at the Seventh Sta­tion Hospital. He is looking forward to visit­ing The Clinics in the not-too-distant future.Dr. Zelda Teplitz has opened an office at612 N. Michigan Avenue, Chicago, for thepractice of psychiatry.Dr. Richard Yoder, formerly of pediatrics,has joined the Gerald Clinic in Bloomington,Illinois.We welcome back to The Clinics: ThomasW. Anderson, '45, as voluntary assistant inopthalmology; Jay Paxton Bartlett, '43, asassistant resident in neurosurgery; Alan B.Bond, as voluntary assistant in obstetrics andgynecology; Albert Dorfman, '44, as instruc­tor in pediatrics; Peter L. Giovacchini. '44.assistant resident in psychiatry; Edward N.Horner, '45, intern in obstetrics and gynecol­ogy; Joseph A. Parks, '43, assistant resident in roentgenology; Jacob J. Zuidema, '44, whojoined the E.N.T. department.in January asan assistant resident; Gail Broberg, assistantanesthetist; Raymond Lanier, assistant resi­dent in roentgenology; and Paul Talalay, re­search assistant in surgery (urology).Among new resident appointees at TheClinics we have: Jacob Chandy and CharlesW. Cure, assistant residents in neurosurgery;Esther Farney Davies, assistant resident indermatology; George C. Eckhardt, assistantresident in pediatrics; Margaret Polk Petersand Maxine Yvonne Taylor, assistant resi­dents in anesthesia.Progress of the U. of C.Building ProgramWhen you return for the MedicalAlumni Reunion in June, you will findseveral major building projects underway or nearing completion. The Univer­sity Administration Building is to out­ward appearance complete and needs onlyinterior finishing before the Central Ad­ministration moves in. This massivelimestone structure is located on EllisAvenue between the Jones ChemistryLaboratory and Cobb Hall. On the southside of Fifty-seventh Street just east ofthe Whitman Laboratories, the newAmerican Meat Institute (see Jan. 1948ADMINISTRATION BUILDINGBULLETIN) will also be nearing comple­tion. Over on the. southwest corner ofFifty-sixth and Ellis the Ion AcceleratorLaboratorv of the Institutes for NuclearStudies wiil be far enough along to receivethe 4,140,ooo-pound magnet due to arrivein July. This magnet is the basic piece ofheavy equipment for the new giantcyclotron (see model of cyclotron in pho­tograph of Hutchins). The half-milliondollars needed to complete this great re­search instrument was raised last fall bythe University of Chicago Cancer Re­search Foundation under the leadershipof Mr. Morris Goldblatt, president of theFoundation, and Mr. Thomas B. Free­man, chairman of the Campaign Com­mittee.By June excavation should be com- plete and the foundations well along forthe Nathan Goldblatt Memorial Hospitalfor neoplastic diseases (see July 1947BULLETIN). Across the Midway at Ingle­side and Sixtieth Street the first eight­story unit of the faculty housing projectwill be approaching completion.The new Hicks unit and the GilmanSmith infectious disease unit are nowscheduled for construction in the earlyfall. Plans for the laboratories and hospi­tal facility for isotopic medicine and re­search are progressing. We hope to beable to announce further details on thisproject at the reunion banquet.Heads Medicine atPittsburghDr. Lucien A. Gregg has accepted aninvitation to speak on behalf of the resi­dent alumni at the Reunion Banquet,GREGGJune 23. Three years of his postgraduatetraining were taken at the University ofChicago Clinics, where he served consecu­tively as intern, assistant resident, resi­dent, and research assistant in Medicinefrom January, 1936, to July, 1939. OnOctober I, 1947, Dr. Gregg became As­sociate Professor and Chairman of theDepartment of Medicine, School of Medi­cine, of the University of Pittsburgh.Dr. Gregg was born in Pittsburgh andreceived his premedical (B.S. 1932) andmedical (M.D. 1934) training at the Uni­versity of Pittsburgh. Before coming toThe Clinics, he served an internship at theUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Center(1934-35) and was a resident in psychia­try at the Warren State Hospital for threemonths in 1935. Following his appoint­ment at the University of Chicago Clinics,he returned to Pittsburgh to practice in­ternal medicine. He was certified by theAmerican Board of Internal Medicine in .1941. .Dr. Gregg entered military service assmajor, MC AUS, in June, 1942, servingthe first eighteen months as assistant toMEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 9FACULTY NEWSDr. Edward V. L. Brown, Professorteritus of Ophthalmology, gave the first-lmes Lecture at a joint meeting of the;titute of Medicine, the Chicago Ophthal­.logical Society, and the Society of Medicalstory of Chicago at the Palmer House,ruary 30. His subject was "Edward L..lmes: Pioneer Chicago Eye Doctor."Mr. Ray E. Brown, Superintendent of Theinics, has been appointed Associate Pro­sor of Hospital Administration in the1001 of Business and Associate Director of: Hospital Administration Program.Dr. Duke Cho Choy has returned to Theinics as instructor and resident in pedi­ics.Dean Lowell T. Coggeshall was elected.e-President of the Academy of Tropicaledicine at their recent meeting in Atlantic:y. He was also recently appointed to theard of Medical Consultants of the Surgeonneral's Office of the U.S. Navy.Dr. Maurice Drell writes from Seattleit Charles Mowery, '43, is a surgical resi­rt at Virginia Mason Hospital. He has also seen the Shulers and the Paul Gustaf­sons.Dr. Mary Lou Eilert has been promotedto Assistant 'Professor of Medicine at theUniversity of Chicago School of Medicine.Dr. Ralph W. Gerard has returned fromAustralia, where he lectured at universitiesin Sidney, Brisbane, Melbourne, and Ade­laide (see April issue of U. of C. Magazine.)Dr. Byron Lee Gifford, formerly a mem­ber of our Ophthalmology Department, hasjoined the staff of the Sansum Clinic, 3 I 7West Pueblo Street, Santa Barbara, Cali­fornia.Dr. Anna Hamann on May I will becomeChief of the Department of X-Ray Therapyat the Evanston Hospital, Evanston, Illinois.Dr. Esmond R. Long, formerly a memberof our Pathology Department, was awardedthe honorary degree of Doctor of Science atthe March 6 convocation of the University ofPennsylvania.Dr. S. Elizabeth McFetridge, formerly amember of our Anesthesia Department, and now located in Shepherdstown, West Virginia,has been elected president of the EasternPanhandle Medical Society. She is the firstwoman to be named president of a compo­nent society of the West Virginia State Medi­cal Association. Dr. McFetridge is also chair­man of the State Medical Association's Com­mittee on Maternal Welfare.Dr. Max Obermayer from Los Angeleswas a December visitor. He brought greetingsfrom Miss Maltby, his secretary, who wasformerly in Dr. Bachmeyer's office.Dr. Dallas B. Phemister has been electedpresident of the Institute of Medicine.Dr. Barbara Spiro has opened an office at7449 Cottage Grove Avenue, Chicago, forthe private practice of ophthalmology. Shewill also hold a staff appointment at Wood­lawn Hospital.Dr. and Mrs. W. H. Taliaferro spentthree months in San Juan, Puerto Rico,recently. Dr. Taliaferro continued his studieson immunity to malaria at the School ofTropical Medicine.� Surgeon of the Third Service Com­md. He joined the staff of the 158th.neral Hospital as Chief of the Medicalrvice and served in that capacity inigland from April, 1944, to July, 1945·l his return to the States he becamead of the 141st General Hospital at.mp Crowder. After being separatedim service (Nov. 1945) as a lieutenantlonel, Dr. Gregg returned to privateactice of medicine in Pittsburgh. Atis time he was appointed Chairman ofe Committee on Graduate Education ofe School of Medicine of the UniversityPittsburgh. In this capacity he assistedthe expansion of the residency trainingograrn of the University Hospitals and.terans Administration Hospital atpinwall, Pennsylvania.Dr. Gregg is a member of numerous 10-I and national medical societies and ise author or coauthor of papers dealingth the treatment of pneumococciceumonia, the evaluation of crystallineicosides of digitalis, and the diagnosisnutritional disorders.Dr. Gregg is married to Dr. Luvia.ylor, who practices psychiatry in Pitts­rgh and who is also on the staff of theiiversity of Pittsburgh.Dr. Palmer To AddressReunion BanquetThe Department of Medicine will beoresented on the reunion banquet pro­am by Dr. Walter Lincoln Palmer, Pro­.sor of Medicine. Dr. Palmer joined theiginal staff of the University of Chicagoinics in 1927 as Assistant Professor ofedicine in charge of the gastrointestinalvice. Under his leadership that services developed into one of the ou tstanding gastrointestinal services in the country.Dr. Palmer received the following de­grees at the University of Chicago: B.S.in 1918, M.S. in 1919, M.D. Rush Medi­cal College in 1921, and Ph.D. in theDepartment of Physiology in 19<6.Early in his medical career he cameunder the influence of Dr. Sippy at thePresbyterian Hospital. This associationplayed a great part in Dr. Palmer's inter-PALMERest in peptic ulceration. His Ph.D. thesiswhich concerned the mechanism of ulcerpain is now recognized as a classic studyof this phenomenon. Dr. Palmer's bib­liography includes important contribu­tions on almost every phase of gastro­intestinal disease.In addition to outstanding clinical andinvestigative work, Dr. Palmer has takenan active interest in medical affairs on botha local and a national level. He was presi- dent of the Chicago Society of InternalMedicine for 1936-37, president of theAmerican Gastroenterological Associa­tion for 1946-47, and this year he is secre­tary of the Section on Internal Medicineof the American Medical Association.During World War II he served as con­sultant in gastroenterology to the Sur­geon General of the United States Army.He is a member of the American Associa­tion of Physicians and a member of theBoard and Examiner in Gastroenterologyfor the American Board of Internal Medi­cine. He is also a member of the Educa­tionel Committee of the American Can­cer Society. Dr. Palmer has been an ac­tive Fellow of the American College ofPhysicians, serving at the present time asgovernor for northern Illinois and chair­man of the Board of Governors of theCollege.DuesFollowing the mailing of the secondnotice for dues with the January BULLE­TIN, 125 graduates responded, bringingthe active dues-paying membership up toapproximately 60 per cent. Likewise,many of the faculty and resident groupspaid their dues. Many replied with apolo­gies for having to be reminded and ex­pressed genuine interest in supporting theactivities of the Association, which in­cludes the publishing of the BULLETIN.Dues and gifts continue to arrive in smallnumbers. On the assumption that thosewho have not paid would like to do so (ifreminded), a third notice calling for duesfor the academic year of 1947-48 willbe sent with the mailing of this issueof the BULLETIN. Individually the duesare small, but collectively they will pro­vide the Association a firm basis for a con­tinuing program.10 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINALUMNI NEWS, 32. Arthur J. Vorwald is director of re­search at the Trudeau Foundation for theClinical and Experimental Study of Pulmo­nary Disease at Saranac Lake, New York.'33. Arthur H. Rosenblum, who is practic­ing pediatrics, is connected with Cook CountyChildren's Hospital and Cook County Gradu­ate School of Medicine and is an instructor atNorthwestern University Medical School inthe Department of Pediatrics., 34. Sara E. Branham, senior bacteriologistin the Biologics Control Laboratory at the Na­tional Institute of Health, writes that her re­search at the present time is concerned withdeveloping an immunizing agent for bacillarydysentery. Since the end of the war she haspublished several papers dealing with the pre­vention and treatment of bacillary dysen­tery. During 1946-47 Dr. Branham waschairman of the Laboratory Section of theAmerican Public: Health Association.'3-1. George V. LeRoy, assistant professorof medicine at Northwestern UniversityMedical School, has been appointed chairmanof the Speakers' Bureau of the Chicago HeartAssociation.Vida Wentz, who is on the pediatric staffat Northwestern University, was appointedto the Alumni Council of the School of Medi­cine of the University of Chicago., 35. Lent C. Johnson is at present apathologist at the Army Institute of Pathol­ogy, Washington, D.C., 36. Philip D. Shanedling is associatedwith Dr. Samuel V. Abraham, former residentand instructor in ophthalmology at TheClinics, and now in practice in Beverly Hills,California.Glen T. Smith, formerly of the ChristieClinic, Champaign. Illinois, more recently illfor a year, visited The Clinics in Januarywhile on his way to New York to becomeclinical director of St. Barnabas Hospital forChronic Diseases.'38. Henrietta M. Herbolsheimer has beenappointed chief of the Division of HospitalConstruction and Services in the IllinoisState Department of Public Health.'39. George Hartley, Jr., returned to SanDiego, California, following his release fromthe Army early in 1946. At present he is apathologist for two local hospitals and has aclinical laboratory of his own.'-10. Daniel J. Fortmann visited TheClinics in November. After completing asurgical residency at the Presbyterian Hospi­tal in Pittsburgh, Dr. Fortmann entered pri­vate practice in surgery in Los Angeles.'po John J. Bertrand is at the DonnerLaboratory of Medical Physics of the Uni­versity of California as a fellow of the MarkleFoundation. He is doing laboratory researchon arthritis.'./2. Thomas Dwyer has been a psychiatricresident for the Veterans Administration inBoston since 1946. He recently saw RobertMorris, '42, who is at St. Elizabeth's Hospitalin Washington, D.C., and Paul Gray, '42,who has just started a private psychiatricpractice in addition to a hospital staff posi­tion in Baltimore.Charles E. Marshall recently opened anoffice in the Medical Arts Building ofTacoma, where he specializes in diseases ofthe eye, ear, nose, and throat.John A. Larrabee has announced his as- sociation with Carl C. Ashley, M.D., 2455Northwest Marshall St., Portland 10, Ore­gon. Their practice is limited to pediatrics.William Renner is a medical resident atthe Union Memorial Hospital in Baltimore.He plans to enter private practice in July.Carl E. Billings started a residency inmedicine at Hines Hospital, January I, 1948.'-13. Buel L. Sever is director of studenthealth at Washington State College.Joseph M. Dondanville is a fellow inanesthesiology at the Lahey Clinic in Boston.He is married and has three children.Arthur A. Hellbaum, professor of pharma­cology at the University of Oklahoma, hasbeen named associate dean of graduatestudies and research at that institution.Clinton W. Morgan, who was a resident ingeneral surgery at the Cleveland Clinic priorto entering the Army, returned to the Clinicin April, 1947, as a fellow in neurosurgery. OnMarch 1, 1948, he started a residency inneurosurgery at Emory University, Atlanta,Georgia.Paul W. Siever is now in private practiceof pediatrics at 1525 East Fifty-third Street,Chicago, and on the pediatrics staff of theMichael Reese Hospital.GORNEY and SHELMIREKenath H. Sponsel was discharged fromthe Army as a major in November, 1947,after serving thirty-eight months. During1946 he served as assistant chief of ortho­pedics at Halloran General Hospital, StatenIsland, and during 1947 held a similar posi­tion at Tilton General Hospital, Fort Dix,New Jersey. On December 1,1947, he starteda fellowship in orthopedic surgery at theGuthrie Clinic at Sayre, Pennsylvania. Dr.Sponsel is married to Mildred Lollar, andthey have two children.'-1-1. Jack R. Farber is practicing pediatricsin Ontario, Oregon, with the Ontario Clinic.Raymond D. Goodman was recently sepa­rated from the Navy and has resumed hispostgraduate training. He is now in hissecond year as resident physician in internalmedicine at the Los Angeles County GeneralHospital.Vernon K. S. Jim has been dischargedfrom the Army Medical Corps, where heserved as a Flight Surgeon in the SouthPacific. He is now doing group medical prac­tice in Hawaii. He and Mrs. Jim, the formerYum Soong Chock, who is also a graduateof the University of Chicago, now have twochildren. Paul Jordan has just finished his twenty­four months in the service during which timehe served at the Medical Nutrition Labora­tory in Chicago. He began a surgical Iellow­ship at the University of Illinois on March I,1948.Alfred J. Kahn is serving as a voluntaryassistant in medicine at The Clinics.'45. Robert E. Cook was discharged fromthe Army on December 19, 1947. While hewas in the service he spent three months atthe AAF Regional and Convalescent Hospitalat Spokane. From there he went to Okinawa,where he was stationed with the First AirDivision of the Eighth Air Force. He alsospent some time in the Philippines and inJapan. Dr. Cook returns to The Clinics onJuly I in the Department of Pediatrics. Atthe present time he is an assistant in medicineand physician in the Student Health Serviceof the University of Chicago.James Crossbie returned to The Clinicsin January as an assistant in surgery. He isworking with Dr. J. C. Allen, assistant pro­fessor of surgery.Richard A. Fineberg was recently dis­charged from the Navy after fifteen months'sea duty and is beginning postgraduate studyof biochemistry at the University of Cali­fornia.Thomas G. Harward is at the Long BeachNaval Hospital, where he has been for aboutthree weeks after returning from fourteenmonths in the Orient. He expects to be dis­charged in March.Karl D. Nelson visited The Clinics inApril. He had just been discharged from theArmy and was on his way to an appointmentat Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston.Louis S. Smith has gone to Baylor Uni­versity, Dallas, Texas, for a residency inpathology.Capt. Karl Dexter Nelson, now at theAAF Station Hospital, Mitchell Field, NewYork, has received an appointment in Medi­cine beginning July I, 1948, at the PeterBent Brigham Hospital, Boston.Anthony Pizzo, who is still stationed withthe Navy at Norfolk, Virginia, was a recentClinics visitor.Capt. Warren K. Wilner, Jr., who is incharge of anesthesia at the Station Hospital,Fort Ord, California, will return to the Uni­versity of Chicago next July as resident inanesthesiology.H. Everett Van Reken writes fromPeiping, China, where he is attending theCollege of Chinese Studies. He and his wifeare studying the language and next year planto be actively engaged in medical work in amission hospital in jukao, which is north ofShanghai by about a hundred miles.'46. Richard S. Farr is now stationed atthe Navy Medical Research Institute,Bethesda, Maryland, and writes that helikes the duty very much.Philip W. Graff has a fellowship in the De­partment of Pathology at St. Luke's Hospi­tal, Chicago, Illinois.Warren E. Greenwold started active dutyon September 29, 1947, and after one monthat Fort Sam Houston he was transferred tothe General Dispensary at the Fifth ArmyHeadquarters in Chicago, where he is at thepresent time.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 11Nels M. Strandjord finished his internshipAncker Hospital, St. Paul, Minnesota, onie 30, 1947. Since September he has beendying Chinese at the Far Eastern andssian Language School of the University ofifornia in preparation for a career as a:iical missionary in China.'48. Richard Blaisdell, who is working inHematology Laboratories, recently flew.nd from Hawaii for a vacation. He left theht of graduation.Mark Gorney and Jesse Shelmire, shownthe picture, write from the Americanspital of Paris that they both are profitingonly from their work in that institution. also from visits to numerous Parisianpitals, and their contacts with Dr. Reneiche, sessions at the Faculty of Medicinethe Sorbo nne, medical clinics such as thearcot Clinic in the Salpetriere, etc. Theyimpressed with the lack of the vast.lities in laboratories and equipment whichtake for granted in this country. MarkI1S short visits to Switzerland and Scandi­'ia before leaving Europe on June 24.edical Alumni Reunion­(Cont. from page 12)iln view of the fact that 30,000 doctorsexpected to attend the A.M.A: Con­ition during the week of June 21-25,alumni are urged to make hotel reser­.ions immediately. We suggest the fol­-ing South Side hotels which are con­iient to the LC.R.R. and the Univer­, of Chicago: the Del Prado, 5307ith Hyde Park Boulevard; the May­ver, 6125 South Kenwood Avenue; thendermere, 1642 East Fifty-secondeet; the Hotel Sherry, 1725 East Fifty­rd Street; the Shoreland Hotel, 5454ith Shore Drive; and the Southmoortel, 6646 South Stony Island Avenue.In the event you are unable to obtainel accommodations, the Alumni As­iation will attempt to help you find a·m if you will write to Miss Mariecert, Secretary, Medical Alumni As­iation, 950 East Fifty-ninth Street,icago 37, Illinois.CHOOL OF MEDICINEoL.4 APRIL 1948 No.2CLAYTON G. LOOSLI, EditorHUBERTA LIVINGSTONE. Associate EditorHENRY T. RICKETTS, Associate EditorLEON O. JACOBSON, CHARLES L. DUNHAMAssistant EditorsALLAN T. KENYONFRANCIS B. GORDONHILGER P. JENKINSMembers of tlse Editorial BoardMARIE ECKERT, Secretaryice of yearly subscription for nonmembers, $1,00;ice of single copies, 25 cents, ANNUAL FACULTY-STUDENT BANQUETAnnual Faculty-StudentBanquetThis year the annual Faculty-StudentBanquet was again sponsored by theAlumni Association. It was held at theShoreland Hotel on the eighteenth ofMarch. The dinner was preceded by ashort cocktail and social hour. Dr. Loosli,president of the Alumni Association, pre­sided. Dr. M. Edward Davis was toast­master and did a delightful job with theintroductions.The chief speaker of the occasion wasDr. Donald G. Anderson, recently dean ofthe Boston University School of Medicineand now secretary of the Council on Med­ical Education and Hospitals of theAmerican Medical Association. Dr. An­derson's remarks on the importance of thedoctor-patient relationship and a shortbiographical sketch of him will appear inthe next issue of the BULLETIN.Dr. Peter P. H. DeBruyn, chairman ofthe Department of Anatomy, spoke onbehalf of the faculty, making numeroushumorous comparisons between American and Dutch medical education. Dr. Looslipresented the Alumni Association key toDean F. Joseph Mullin for his many serv­ices to the students both in his capacityas Dean of Students and as secretary ofthe Committee on Internships.Dean Lowell T. Coggeshall presentedthe Borden award to Dr. Morris Lipton.This award is given by the Borden Com­pany Foundation to promote the develop­ment of greater desire in research amongundergraduates and is presented annuallyto the student whose research seems mostmeritorious.Dr. Leonard Lee, speaking for thegraduating class, stole the show by pre­senting certificates of appreciation to Drs.Robert G. Bloch, Douglas N. Buchanan,Lester R. Dragstedt, and Stephen Roth­man. These certificates read as follows:"Dr. Robert G. Bloch has been selectedby the members of the Class of 1948 asdeserving of particular recognition for hisability and sincere interest in teachingmedical students. In grateful apprecia­tion we present this award this roth dayof March, 1948."Senior Scientific ProgramThe Second Annual Senior ScientificProgram was held on the afternoon ofMarch 18, 1948, in Pathology II7. It waseven more successful than last year, bothin the quality of papers presented and inthe attendance. Dr. Leon Jacobson, chair­man of the Program Committee, ar­ranged the meeting and presided. Dr.Jacobson, in closing the meeting, re­marked that the material presented andthe discussions evoked were of as gen­erally high a caliber as he had met withat any national scientific meeting. Allwho attended were in complete agree­ment with this statement. The programfollows: "Studies on Nitrogen Mustard,"Dr. J. Edwin Seegmiller; "Studies on theMetabolism of Acetylcholine,':" Dr. Mor- ris A. Lipton; "Synergistic NecrotizingAction of Urethane and Chloroform,"Dr. Clarence Lushbaugh; "ExperimentalDietary Liver Damage," Dr. Ernst Jaffe;"Study of the Problems of the ProbableMechanisms of the Hepatic Necrosis,"Dr. George Klumpner; "High IntestinalFistulae," Dr. Curtis Smith; "TheoreticalAspects of the Pathogenesis of Medullo­blastoma Cerebella," Dr. Benjamin Crue:"Some Aspects of the Neurophysiology ofLearning," Dr. George Whatmore; "Ob­servations on Seru m in Urinary Amylase,"Dr. Paul Russell; and "Experimental andClinical Studies on HemoglobinuricNephrosis and aNew Method for Produc­tion of Hemoglobinemic Anuria in Dogs,"Dr. William Olson.• Borden Prize Award.12 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINASSOCIATION ACTIVITIESHutchins To Speak atReunion BanquetThe principal speaker at the first .all­alumni reunion on Wednesday evenmg,June 23, will be Robert M. Hutchins,chancellor of the University of Chicago.Mr. Hutchins came to the University aspresident in 1929, the year in w�ich theSchool of Medicine graduated Its firstclass of four students. He remained theUniversity's principal officer and execu­tive head until 1945, when he assumedthe title of chancellor, with Mr. Ernest C.Col well taking over the execu tive du tiesas president.Although the School of Medicine waslaunched before Mr. Hutchins came toChicago, it has grown and developed un-HUTCHINSder his administration, graduating overeight hundred students and training nu­merous residents, many of whom haveattained eminence in the field of medicaleducation and practice. While chiefly con­cerned with his "educational revolution,"i.e., teaching students how to read, write,and think, rather than specializing in onenarrow field, he has given strong and con­tinuous support to medicine and alliedsciences. In fact, because the Division ofthe Biological Sciences is the largest andmost expensive in the University, muchof his time is devoted to its problems.Chancellor Hutchins is one of the mostinfluential figures on the American educa­tional scene. A gifted speaker, a resoluteadministrator, and an original thin�er,his work is already deep in the reshapingand improvement not only of �he ,Univ�r­sity of Chicago but of the nation s entireeducational structure. IN THIS ISSUEIn the January, 1948, BULLETIN DeanCoggeshall discussed the relationship ofthe School of Medicine to the BiologicalSciences. Short "resumes" of the facultyand studies carried on in the Departmentsof Anatomy, Bacteriology and Parasitol­ogy, and Physiology were presented. Inthis issue the Departments of Pharmacol­ogy, Biochemistry, and Path�logy are re­viewed. The many encouraging remarksreceived from alumni about the contentsof the twelve-page January issue of theBULLETIN were greatly appreciated bythe editors. We hope you enjoy this issueas well. SEE YOU AT THE REUNION!Medical Alumni ReunionPlans for the first all-medical alumnireunion which will be held on June 23 atthe time of the A.M.A. Convention havebeen completed. During the day "openhouse" will be held at the University ofChicago Clinics. The staffs of �e?iatrics,obstetrics and gynecology, medicine, andsurgery invite you to att�nd ward roundsand visit their laboratories. The preclini­cal faculty likewise will be in their officesand laboratories to greet and tell you oftheir investigations.In' the evening there will be an in­formal program and banquet which willbe held in the Crystal Ballroom of theShoreland Hotel, 5454 Sou th Shore Drive,at 6: 30 P.M. There will be a "cocktailhour" before the banquet. At this occa­sion you will be brought up to date on the"state of the university," the medicalschool and plans for its future, and yourfriends and associates. In addition toChancellor Hutchins and Drs. Palmer,Gregg, and Prohaska, of who� sho�tbiographical sketches appear 111 thisBULLETIN, Dean Lowell T. Coggeshalland Professor Lester R. Dragstedt (seeBULLETINS Oct. 1947 and Jan. 1948) willparticipate in the program.A charge of $6.00, which will includecocktails will be made for the banquet.Those w'ishing to send in reservationsmay do so at their earliest convenience;however, shortly after you receive thisBULLETIN a formal invitation to attendthe banquet will bemailedtoyou.Re­sponses from the Alumni �o the pre:liminary notice of the Medical AlumniReunion which appeared in the Januarynumber of the BULLETIN indicates that alarge attendance can be expected. There:fore, it is regretted that wives of alumnicannot be invited.(Cont. on page II) Represents Graduates atReunion BanquetDr. John Van Prohaska, who gradu­ated from the School of Medicine with theClass of 1933, will represent the graduatesat the reunion banquet June 23. Dr.Prohaska was born in Bohemia and cameto this country in 1920. He attendedHyde Park High School and received aB.A. degree from the Unive:sity of .C.hi­cago in 1929. His postmedlca.l tra:mmgwas taken in surgery at the University ofChicago Clinics, progressing from .an in­ternship in 1933 and 1934 to a residencyunder Dr. Phemister in 1939 and 1940.Dr. Prohaska entered the private prac­tice of surgery in Chicago in 1940. He isnow Assistant Professor of Surgery at theUniversity of Illinois School of MedicinePROHASKAand Chief of Surgery at the ChicagoMemorial Hospital. He qualified for andpassed the American Board of S�rgery in1941 and is a fellow of the American Col­lege of Surgeons as well as a member ofthe Society of University Surgeons.Dr. Prohaska is well qualified to repre­sent the graduates of the School of Medi­cine because he has been a devoted alum­nus. He has been president of the Associa- .tion at two different times, the last from1940 to 1944. Since 1944 he has bee� ,treasurer contributing generously of histime and' money when the organization ,was struggling to survive."Honors and Awards" and "Birthsand Marriages" will appear in theSummer issue of the BULLETIN.