.:.::«.::.: :.:.:-: . ';'" :. : ;:: .. :,�.' �:.. ', , .. :,:.' .. '.. :.,:.. ', .. ,.,.', .• ,:,: '.. ,: .. ,:,.� .. '.. ,: '.. '.,:,.;,. ';:.::.'::.:;:?>.'::.::.::.:}:, :::::?::}>::::::;:::::JANUARY 1948 Number 1lean Coggeshall Discusses the Relationship of the School of Medicineto the Biological SciencesWhen the University of Chicago Clinics�re formally established twenty years agoOctober, two precedents unique in mediI education were instituted.The first was the creation of a systemureby every member of the medical staff'JUld devote his entire time to teaching,vestigation, or care of the sick within thenfines of the institution. Most of theembers divide their time among all threethese activities, although some emphasizeparticular type of activity over the others,pending upon their interests and [acili:s. The wisdom of the decision to pioneerthis direction is amply confirmed by the:nds in recent years in other institutions,ure there has been a progressive moveent toward the acquisition of more andore full-time men. The University ofIJicago has established a precedent thatrs withstood the test of time.The second innovation was to place the:kool of Medicine within the Division ofe Biological Sciences. The uniting of clinical and nonclinical sciences into asingle body has many practical, as well asintangible, advantages. It permits the mostintimate association among all those interested in exploring, at their basic levels, thenormal and abnormal functions of thehuman organism. There is an ever increasing need for this fundamental investigation.In fact, certain types of clinical researchhave arrived at a period in developmentwhere further progress depends upon the aidand co-operation of those working in thenonclinical fields. The reverse situation applies in that this close working arrangementhas made it possible [or the biologist to develop or complete important studies thatwould have been very d�fficult, if not impossible, had he not had access to material,formerly frequently denied, which is nowmade available under this complementarysystem. The advantages to all were nevermore thoroughly appreciated than they wereduring the war years.The Division of the Biological Sciences now consists oj seventeen separate departments--namely, A natomy, Bacteriologyand Parasitology, Biochemistry, Botany,Home Economics, Medicine, Obstetricsand Gynecology, Pathology, Pediatrics,Pharmacology, Physiology, Surgery, andZoology, as well as the Zoller MemorialDental Clinics, Nursing Education, theFood Research Institute, and the Instituteof Radiobiology and Biophysics.It must not be inferred that it is felt thatthis plan has reached an ideal or definitivestage. On the contrary, there is need, forexample, of a wider dissemination amongthe departments of the results of the activitiesand of the future plans of the members.It can be stated that the merging interests of the staff in the Division of the Biological Sciences make it imperative toafford every possible means for facile cooperative efforts and that a precedent hasbeen established which is wetrthy of carefulconsideration by other institutions withsimilar ideals.ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGYThere have been several changes inIe staff of the Department of AnatomyDEBRUYNrring the last two years. Dr. Peter P. H.'e Bruyn, Associate Professor of Ana-(Cont. on page 2) BACTERIOLOGY ANDPARASITOLOGYThe Department of Bacteriology andParasitology, headed by Professor William H. Taliaferro, has developed, bothin teaching and in research, a broad program in the field of microbiology. This includes the basic biology of free-living andparasitic bacteria, the viruses, rickettsiae,the parasitic protozoa, worms and arthropods, together with the arthropod vectorsof pathogenic micro-organisms. Considerable attention is devoted to the hostparasite relationships by inclusion of theprinciples of epidemiology and biologicalcontrol of infectious disease, the production of disease, and immunology. Theincreasing importance of the biochemicalaspects of microbiology, immunology,etc., have been recognized by the appointment of Dr. James W. Moulder (S.B. '41,Ph.D. '44) as Assistant Professor of Biochemistry in the Department.The instruction of medical studentsoccupies only a small portion of theteaching program. It is limited to onecourse in medical bacteriology, an ab-(Cont. on page 2) Following the retirement of ProfessorA. J. Carlson in 1940, the Department ofHUTCHENSPhysiology was administered, as aninterim arrangement, by a committee(Cont. on page 3)2 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINAnatomy-(Cont. from page 1)tomy, succeeded Dr. William Bloom asChairman of the Department on July I,1946. Professor Bloom now devotes hisfull time to teaching and investigation inthe Department of Anatomy and theInstitute of Radiobiology and Biophysics.Dr. De Bruyn was born in Holland andis a graduate of the University of.Amsterdam, where he received his Doctor'sdegree in medicine in 1938. He first cameto the University of Chicago as a StokvisFellow in 1939. He returned in 1941 toaccept an appointment as instructor,teaching microscopic anatomy (neurologyand histology). Dr. De Bruyn's particularinterest in investigation has been thenature of the locomotion of leucocytes.He has summarized his observations inthe Scientific Section of this BULLETIN.Dr. William L. Doyle was appointedAssociate Professor of Anatomy in April,1946. He was born in Brooklyn and received his A.M. (1932) and Ph.D. (1934)degrees in physiological chemistry fromJohns Hopkins University. As a Rockefeller fellow, he studied two years inEurope, spending one year at Cambridge(1935-36) and one year with LinderstromLang at the Carlsberg Laboratories inDenmark. Dr. Doyle's particular field ofinterest is histochemistry. He came tothe University of Chicago in 1942 as Director of the Toxicity Laboratory and asAssistant Professor of Pharmacology, inwhich department he remained until hisappointment in Anatomy.Dr. Roger W. Sperry was appointedAssistant Professor of Anatomy in October, 1946. He received his Ph.D. degree(zoology) at the University of Chicago in1941. During the war he was a member ofthe research project team in Anatomy.Two years previous to his becoming amember of the Department, Dr. Sperrywas on the research staff at the YerkesLaboratories of Primate Biology atOrange Park, Florida, where he studiedthe problem of reorganization of the central nervous system after experimentallyaltered stimuli.Dr. Lincoln V. Domm, for many yearsa member of the Department of Zoology,was appointed (July, 1947) AssociateProfessor of Anatomy in the ZollerMemorial Dental Clinics. His accomplishments in the field of endocrinology arewell known. He will continue the studyof endocrinological problems as a member of the Department of Anatomy.The Department has suffered severelosses in the retirement of Dr. CharlesSwift (July, 1946) and in the resignationof Dr. Milton M. Krogman. Dr. Swiftcame to the University as a student in1897 and has been connected with the Department of Anatomy since 1909. Hetaught practically all medical coursesgiven in this Department, and approximately fifteen hundred medical students,including many who completed theirmedical training at Rush, have receivednstruction from him. Dr. Krogman left the University in October, 1947, to acceptan appointment as professor of physicalanthropology in the graduate school ofmedicine at the University of Pennsylvania. While at Chicago he held a jointappointment in the Division of the SocialSciences (Department of Anthropology)and in the Division of the Biological Sciences (Department of Anatomy). Hecarried out an interdepartmental programof research and instruction in physicalanthropology. In addition, he participated in the instruction of gross anatomy.One of the major responsibilities of theDepartment is the instruction of medicalstudents. In addition, the Departmentconducts an extensive nonmedical teaching program. I t now has six assistantsand eight graduate students. Two coursesare given in neuroanatomy for studentsin the Division of Social Sciences, particularly for those students registered inpsychology and human development.This past year courses in nonmedicalhistology, primarily intended for graduate students in the Biological SciencesDivision, and one in histochemistry arebeing conducted by Dr. Doyle. Since theretirement of Dr. Swift, gross anatomy isunder the direction of Dr. Wassermann.Also teaching this course are Drs. Knisely, Domm, Bensley, and Sperry. As partof their graduate training two residents insurgery are appointed as assistants inAnatomy under a recent arrangementwith the Department of Surgery.The war years brought a considerablechange in the research activities of manymembers in the Department. The majority participated in investigations as partof the respiratory and metallurgical projects. Work on the respiratory projectcovered the histopathology of vesicantgases and methods of control, treatment,and decontamination. Studies under themetallurgical project included the histopathological changes in tissues followingradiation. Dr. Bloom, employing radioactive isotopes, has resumed his study onthe physiology of bone tissue in collaboration with Dr. McLean of the Department of Physiology.Professor Bartelmez, in addition to hisstudies on the endometrium in man andanimals, particularly the Rhesus monkey,was concerned with the effect of vesicantgases on the central nervous system. WithDr. Sylvia H. Bensley he has recently reported in Science (Dec. 26, 1947) acritical study of the Gomori phosphatasereaction in peripheral nerves. Dr. Bensleyis on leave of absence for six months andis visiting professor of anatomy at theUniversity of Toronto. Her most recentlypublished study is on the mode of secretion of the parathyroid glands.For the past several years ProfessorStephen Polyak has devoted his full timeto investigation of the comparativeanatomy and histology of the opticnervous system. The first volume on TheRetina has recently been published bythe University of Chicago Press. VolumeII will appear shortly.Friedrich Wassermann, Professor of Anatomy in the Walter G. Zoller Me·morial Dental Clinics, has recently published an outline for the teaching of grossanatomy. He continues to be interestedin the field of general histology andcytology. Among his investigations hasbeen the influence of vitamins on tissues.Dr. Wassermann was among the firstto apply radioactive tracers to the studyof mineral metabolism of teeth.Dr. R. R. Bensley, Professor Emeritusof Anatomy, since his retirement on JulyI .. 1933, has carried on an active programof study of the submicroscopic structureof the cell, employing quick freezing,histochemical, centrifugation, and specialstaining methods.Dr. B. C. H. Harvey, ProfessorEmeritus of Anatomy and former Deanof Students in the Biological Sciences, isdevoting his time to writing a history ofthe Department of Anatomy.Dr. M. H. Knisely and associates forthe last sixteen years have been interestedin the study of the physiology of thecirculation in health and disease. Theyhave developed special methods andapparatus by which the circulation inorgans can be observed in the livinganimal and recorded cinemagraphically.One of the most interesting phenomenastudied has been the agglutination or"slugging" of the red blood cells in persons or animals ill with a variety ofdiseases. A recent summary of theirinvestigations appears in the November7, 1947, issue of Science.One of the recent graduate students,Dr. Richard S. Farr, '46, was the firstto receive the Borden Award for outstanding research by a medical student.His study was on the fate of the transfused leucocyte.Bacteriology and Parasitology-(Cont. from page I)breviated course in parasitology, a lecturecourse in the sophomore year on theepidemiology of communicable diseaseand sanitary preventive measures, andlectures to seniors devoted to socioeconomic, psychiatric, industrial, and otherspecial problems in the public health program. The Department's major teachingresponsibility is devoted to the training ofstudents at the graduate level who seekfundamental training in bacteriology,parasitology, and immunology. There areat present thirty-five graduate studentsin the Department, of whom twenty-twoare candidates for the Ph.D. degree andthirteen are candidates for the M.S.degree. The manifold opportunities fortraining in investigation and research inthe Department can best be shown by abrief review of the problems which haveoccupied the attention of the staff memobers and their graduate students, particu·larly during and after the war years.During the war some members of thestaff were actively engaged in work onmalaria and on cholera under O.S.R.D.contracts and on influenza under theMEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 3I"ar Department. Certain aspects ofu-se investigations are continuing at theresent time under the auspices of the'nitcd States Public Health Service.Professors William H. Taliaferro and'lay G Huff have been engaged on exmsive research programs on malaria'hich have been supported by O.S.R.D.,tc International Health Division of the.ockefcllcr Foundation, and the·.S.P.H.S. Professor and Mrs. Talia-rro have been studying the humoral andcllular mechanisms involved in naturalnd acquired immunity to experimentalialaria in animals. The role of the-mphocyte in immunity was studied byistological methods. During the warspecial attention was given to the role: immune factors in chemotherapy..ecently they have worked on the influIlce of large doses of X-rays and ofitrogcn mustard on immunity.TALIAFERROProfessor C. G Huff (see Facultyews) and his co-workers have been priarily interested for some time in the'e-cycle of the malarial parasi tes andwe made outstanding contributions-ward narrowing the great hiatus in ouriowledge of the life-cycle of malaria,z., the development of sporozoites intoythrocytic forms.The work of Professor S. A. Koser ands students in the general area of bacrial physiology has been concerned forre most part with various aspects oficterial nutrition. Their work hasnphasized the importance of the vitains, particularly those of the B group,·r the growth of bacteria; and theucidation of the nutritive requirementscertain dysentery bacilli, of the micro'ganisms of the Brucella groups and.hers, has made possible the cultivation. these bacteria on chemically definedilture media. They have been especiallyterested in the physiological function ofintothenic acid and the interrelationtips of biotin with certain amino acids.hey have further shown that, on theie hand, massive doses of a vitaminay be inhibitive to bacterial growth and that, on the other, many vitamins aredestroyed by bacterial action. It seemslikely, therefore, that micro-organismstake part in the destruction of the variousvitamins as well as in their synthesis innature.Since the beginning of the war, Professor William Burrows and co-workershave been working under O.S.R.D. contracts and subsequently under grantsfrom the U.S.P.H.S. on the general problem of effective immunity to enteric infections. These studies are summarizedbv Dr. Burrows in the Scientific Section ofthis BULLETIN. At present he is concernedwith the mechanism of the secretion orexcretion of immune globulin into thelumen of the bowel and with a study ofthe efficacy of a maintainer! antibody titerin the feces in the prevention of naturallyoccurring bacillary dysentery in chimpanzees and monkeys at the YerkesLaboratories of Primate Biology, OrangePark, Florida.Professor Francis Gordon's (see Faculty News) department has been concerned primarily with the filterable virusesand has been financed, in part, by theChicago Chapter of the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis. Their investigations on neurotropic viruses, including poliomyelitis, have been undertaken with regard to susceptibility ofvarious rodents to poliomyelitis and withlaboratory studies on the epidemiologyof this disease carried out in conjunctionwith a project of the Illinois State HealthDepartment and the Chicago Health Department to determine the presence andextent of unrecognized poliomyelitis inChicago. Their studies on the encephaliticviruses have included the susceptibility ofvarious strains of experimental animals toSt. Louis and Japanese encephaliticviruses given by way of the alimentarytract. For a number of years, Dr. Gordonhas been interested in the psittacosislymphogranuloma venereum group ofviruses-in particular, the immunologyof these agents and the interrelationshipof the various strains isolated from birds,animals, and men.During the war Professor Gail M.Dack was "lend-leased" to Camp Detrickfor the biological warfare project. On hisreturn to Chicago at the end of the war,he was made Director of the Food Research Institute, to which he now devoteshis full time. He has, however, graduatestudents working under his direction inthe Departmen t on problems concci nedwith food-poisoning and food-borne diseases. Dr. Dack was recently awarded theExceptional Civilian Service Decorationby the Army for his wartime work atCamp Detrick, Frederick, Maryland,center of the biological warfare division(see July '47 BULLETIN).Dr. K. E. Hite's (see Faculty News)research has been concerned with thebacteriology of puerperal infections, incollaboration with Dr. Hesseltine of theDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, a summary of which appeared in theJuly issue of the BULLETIN. Various aerobic and anaerobic organisms havebeen isolated from the female genitaltract of two hundred and fifty obstetricaland gynecological patients, and thephysiological characteristics of aerobicstreptococci isolated from these patientsare being ascertained, Work is in progresson infections in animals following the injection of mixed aerobic and anaerobicorganisms and of the physiological characteristics of certain nonsporulation anaerobic bacteria.Dr. J. W. Moulder and associateshave been concerned with an investigation of the metabolism of protozoan andhelminth parasites with special referenceto the effect of the immune response ofthe host upon the metabolism of the parasite, under a grant from the U.S.P.H.S.For at least one parasite, Trypanosomaleunsi of the rat, definite alterations in theglucose metabolism of the parasite duringthe course of infection have been notedand correlated with the antibody responseof the rat. Recently, he ,and ProfessorTaliaferro have been correlating therespiratory activity of a malarial parasitewith changes in reproductive activity ofthe parasite brought about by immunefactors.Physiology-(Cont. from page I)'under the chairmanship of Dr. Arno B.Luckhardt. Dr. Luckhardt was recentlyappointed William' Beaumont Distinguished Service Professor of Physiology,and John O. Hutchens (Ph.D" JohnsHopkins University, 1939), a member ofthe Department since 1941 (see FacultyNews), was appointed Associate Professor of Physiology and Chairman of theDepartment (October, 1946). Dr. Carlsonand Dr. Ralph S. Lillie continue to be active in scientific affairs as emeritus professors. Drs. Mcl.ean, Gerard, Kleitman.Mullin, and Tobias remain as members ofthe Departmen t.New members include: Kenneth S.Cole, Professor of Biophysics in theInstitute of Radiobiology and Biophysics,who received his Ph.D. from CornellUniversity in 1926. He was formerlyassociate professor of physiology atColumbia University School of Medicineand on the staff of the MetallurgicalProject at the University of Chicago during the war. Daniel L. Harris, AssistantProfessor of Physiology, who received hisPh.D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1942. He was formerly a research fellow at Stanford University andat the California Institute of Technology.His research interests are general physiology, cytochemistry, and chemical genetics. Benjamin Libet, Assistant Professorof Physiology (in the Division and in theCollege), who received his Ph.D. fromthe University of Chicago in 1939. Hisresearch interest is neurophysiology.John Forbes Perkins, Jr., Assistant Professor of Physiology, who received his(Cont. 011 page 7)4 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINResident Staff News,\mong September visitors were Capt. andMrs. Robert Green and son. Bob is now stationed in New York. He has had many transatlantic trips, dealing with G.l. dependents.Martin E. Gordon is enjoying his work inthe Merchant Marine Hospital at New Orleans, Louisiana.Mary Bowen completed a residency atLying-in and has opened an office at Seventyfifth Street and Cottage Grove Avenue.Paul A. Campbell, an early Billings intern, and now Rush Assistant Professor ofOtolaryngology at the University of Illinois,has been awarded the decoration of the RoyalOrder of Sweden "for outstanding research inaviation medicine."Dorothy Ritzmann is doing part-time workin anesthesiology at the University of Utah inSalt Lake City, where her husband is an assistant resident in medicine. Dorothy keepsbusy the rest of the time with her babydaughter.Henry N. Harkins, chairman of the Department of Surgery. University of Washington. has been renewing old Billings friendships recently. Henry is the present editor-inchief of the Quarterly Reiieic of Surgery,Dr. and Mrs. Van Bergen of Denver,Colorado, visited us in October. Dr. VanBergen was a former resident in ophthalmology.We have had several visits from M. F. Foxof Milwaukee, Wisconsin, former resident inotolaryngology.Weldon T. Ross, medical intern in 1938,who is in general practice in McMinnville,Oregon, was a Clinics visitor in November.William F. Schoffman, former resident inpediatrics. who is chief of the Department ofPediatrics at the Lois Grunow MemorialClinic, was appointed general chairman forthe first course in medical lectures given bythe Lois Grunow Memorial Clinic in February, 1947, for the advantage of all medicalmen in the state of Arizona.Michael La IUPPJl, resident in obstetricsand gynecology from '43 to '45, has startedprivate practice at 275 Alexander Street,Rochester, New York, as an obstetrician andgynecologist.Mary Jane Fowler, former resident inophthalmology, has been specializing inophthalmology for the last ten years. She wasmarried in 1939 to Mr , Lucien E. Harbert,and they have two children.David Hurwitz is practicing internal medicine in Boston and teaching at the HarvardMedical School and the Boston City Hospital.Dr. Hurwitz was a former resident in rnedicine.Helene D. Mayer, former resident inanesthesia, has been appointed director ofanesthesia at the Prospect Heights Hospital,Brooklyn, New York.James H. Root is in practice of pediatricsat 'Waterbury, Connecticut.Harwell Wilson, formerly chief residentand instructor in surgery, is now teaching inthe Department of Surgery at the Universityof Tennessee and is in private surgical practice in l\lemphis. While he was in the servicehe was chief of surgery at an overseas hospitalin the Mediterranean Theater.Luis T. Barbosa paid us a visit a fewmonths ago when he was in this country attending the International Congress of Pediatrics. Dr. Barbosa is chief pediatrician of ahospital for civil service employees in Rio deJaneiro.Kuang-sheng Ting of the National Central University, Nanking, China, is now an assistant resident in anesthesiology at theUniversity of Chicago. He has been awardeda National Scholarship from the Ministry ofEducation of China. IFrank W. Johnson, '43, Rush, is a volunteer assistant in ophthalmology at the University of Chicago.Joel R. Husted is a resident in internalmedicine at the University Hospital, AnnArbor, Michigan.Gerald Rogers, assistant resident in obstetrics and gynecology, '31-'35, is now inprivate practice at 1200 North Walker Avenue, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.Nathan Weil, resident in pediatrics, '40-'41, is now engaged in private practice inJacksonville, Florida.Chester W. Moen is serving a fellowshipin neurological surgery at Cleveland ClinicFoundation Hospital, Cleveland 6, Ohio.It was stated in the October issue of theBULLETIN that John E. Harvey was leavingthe Clinics to go to Johns Hopkins Hospital.We are glad to announce in this HULLETI:-ithat Dr. Harvey will remain at Billings asresident in neurosurgery under Dr. Rasmus�en .Lucien A. Gregg, resident in medicine, ',,6 -':;R, was recently appointed chairman of theDepartment of Medicine, School of Medicine,University of Pittsburgh.Campaign for CancerResearch FacilitiesThe University of Chicago Cancer Research Foundation's campaign to raisemoney for cancer research facilities at theUniversity of Chicago got under way onNovember 10 with a banquet in theGrand Ball Room of the Stevens Hotel.Speakers for the occasion were EnricoFermi of the Institute for Nuclear Studiesand Dr. Charles B. Huggins of the Department of Surgery. Mr. Thomas Freeman, chairman of the Foundation's campaign committee, presided. Gifts of $50,-000 or less are earmarked for the $574,000needed to complete the giant cyclotron.Larger gifts and any excess in smallergifts over and above the $574,000 will goto the $2,500,000 estimated as necessaryto complete the modernization of facilities for cancer research at the University.As this issue of the BULLETIN goes topress, Mr. Maurice Goldblatt, presidentof the University of Chicago Cancer Research Foundation, reports that since thebeginning of the campaign over $650,000in gifts of less than $50,000 have beenpledged, thus assuring the building of thecyclotron. Another $300,000 in large giftshas been received toward the larger cancer needs of the University. This includes$100,000 each from Mr. and Mrs. CharlesWorcester and $100,000 from MarshallField III. Construction of the $1,700,000Nathan Goldblatt Memorial Hospital isscheduled to begin as early in the springas weather conditions permit. Plans for aseparate facility for housing research withradioactive isotopes are advancing rapidly. Construction on the ion-acceleratorlaboratory to house the cyclotrons andthe betatron began in July and is now wellunder way. Adams and Coulter BecomeAssociate Deans of the Divisionofthe Biological SciencesDr. Wright Adams, Associate Professor of Medicine since lQ43, has been appointed Associate Dean of the BiologicalSciences. Dr. Adams was born in IllinoisADAMSin 1903. He received his B.S. (1926) andM.D. (1928) degrees from the University of Illinois. He interned at St. Luke'sHospital in Chicago in 1929. This wasfollowed by a year's training in pathologyat Cook County Hospital. Dr. Adams began his association with the UniversityCOULTERof Chicago Clinics as an assistant resident at Billings Hospital in 1931. He wasadvanced to the rank of instructor in1933, to assistant professor in 1938, and,to associate professor of medicine in 1943.,In addition to his teaching and clinicalresponsibilities, Dr. Adams has carriedon an active program of investigation inthe fields of clinical cardiology, electro-MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 5ardiography, and cardiovascular physilogy. Among the numerous local andational medical societies of which Dr..darns is a member are the AmericanIeart Association, the American Societyor Clinical Investigation, the Centralociety for Clinical Research, the Chicagoociety of Internal Medicine, and the Intitute of Medicine of Chicago. As Assoiate Dean of the Biological Sciences,)r. Adams will represent and deal withroblems related to the clinical departrents.Merle C. Coulter, Professor of Botany,as been appointed Associate Dean oflie Division of the Biological Sciences-ith administrative duties in connection-ith the nonclinical departments. Mr.'oulter brings to this office a wide exerience and a broad understanding ofae problems of the Biological Sciences oflie University of Chicago. Mr. Coultereceived his S.B. degree from the Un iersity in 1914. After a br ief period in thetiology Department of Williams College,e returned to the Midway and receivedis Ph.D. in Botany in 1919. When'resident Hutchins implemented thetoucher plan in 1931, Mr. Coulter wasiven the responsibility of planning theew general course in the Biological Scinces. He has been the staff chairman ofris course ever since. From 1927 to 1945e served as adviser to premedical stuents in the College. In October, 1945,ir. Coulter went on leave of absence-ith the U.S. Army, serving first asead of the biological branch of the.merican University at Shrivenham,.ngland, and later in a similar capacityt the American University at Biarritz,'ranee. He returned to the campus in.pril, 1946.Faculty AwardsDr. Dallas B. Phemister, presidentlect of the American College of Surgeons,'as made an honorary fellow of the Royal'ollege of Surgeons at a special ceremonyI London last September. To attend thevelfth congress of the International 50-.ety of Surgery, Dr. Phemister flew to.ngland, where on September IS he waswarded the Robert Danis fracture prizeir his paper on the "Treatment of Unnited Fractures of Onlay Bone Graftsithout Screw or Tie Fixation or BreakIg Down of the Fibrous Union." Theranis prize was founded by the pupilsad friends of Robert Danis, for manyears professor of surgery at the Univerty of Brussels. It is awarded at the.eeting of the International Surgical Soety, which takes place every threeears, and is "for the most important andlost personal work on the operative'eatment of fractures."Dr. Frederick W. Frank, former resient in psychiatry, received the Armyommendation Ribbon for distinguished'rvice as neuropsychiatric consultant atre Letterman General Hospital. Recent Promotions in MedicineDr. Allan T. Kenyon, who has beenassociated with the U. of C. Clinics since1929, was advanced to the rank of fullprofessor in the Department of Medicineon November I, 1946. Dr. Kenyon washorn in Rochelle, Illinois, and received hisPh.B. at the University of Chicago in1922 and his M.D. from Rush in 1926. Heinterned at Harper Hospital in Detroit in1925 and 1926. He held a fellowship inmedicine at Northwestern Universityfrom 1926 to 1929, when he came to theUniversity of Chicago. Dr. Kenyon's research in terests have been confined principally to the field of endocrinology andparticularly to the study of sex hormonesin health and disease. With other mernhers of the departments of Medicine andBiochemistry, he has carried ou t studiesof the properties of steroid, especially androgens in man with reference chiefly togeneral metabolic properties related togrowth processes; studies of the syndromeof dwarfism associated with ovarian defects; and studies in metabolic aspects ofconvalescence. Dr. Kenyon was chairmanof the panel on clin ical endocrinology ofthe Committee on Growth of the NationalKENYON ALVINGResearch Council, acting in this capacityfor the American Cancer Society from1945 to 1946. At the present time he ischairman of the section on clinical investigation and a member of the Executive Committee on Growth of the National Research Council.Dr. Alf S. Alving was made a full professor in the Department of Medicine onJuly I, 1946. He first came to the University of Chicago as assistant professor fromthe Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research in 1934 a-nd was advanced to therank of associate professor in 1941. Dr.Alving is a graduate of the University ofMichigan, receiving a B.S. degree in 1925and an M.D. degree in 1927. He is particularly interested in the field of cardiovascular renal diseases and is the authoror co-author of numerous papers on hypertension, nephritis, renal functionstudies, and sympothectomy for thetreatment of hypertension. During thewar years Dr. Alving, with Dr. HenryRicketts and others, was concerned withthe study of the physiological effects ofprolonged and repeated anoxia in man,supported by an O.S.R.D. contract.From February, 1944, to August, 1946,he assumed the responsibility of directing a study involving the clinical testing ofantimalarial drugs employing humanvolunteers at Manteno and Stateville.Major contributions in the developmentof antimalarial drugs have come from thestudy, which is heing continued.Heads Neurological SurgeryOn October 15,1947, Dr. Theodore B.Rasmussen assumed his duties as Professor of Neurological Surgery at the University of Chicago Clinics, filling the appointment left vacant by Dr. Earl WalkerRASMUSSEN(see Oct. '47 BULLETIN), who accepteda similar position in the School of Medicine at Johns Hopkins University. Dr.Rasmussen was born in Provo, Utah, in1910. He is the son of Dr. A. T. Rasmussen, professor of neurological anatomy atthe University of Minnesota, and received his premedical (B.S. 1930) andmedical degrees from this institution. Hewas awarded an M.S. degree in neurology In 1939. .Dr. Rasmussen was a surgical internin Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn,from July, 1934, to May, 1936. He beganspecial training in neurosurgery as an intern at the Montreal Neurological Institute from May to October, 1936. For thenext three years, until October, 1939, hewas a neurological fellow at the MayoClinic. He again returned to the MontrealNeurological Institute, serving as neurological fellow until 1942. While at the Institute he held the teaching positions ofresearch associate and demonstrator inneurosurgery at McGill University anntaught neurosurgery and neuropathology.Dr. Rasmussen entered military service in December, 1942, serving as neurosurgeon for the Fourteenth EvacuationHospital. He is certified by the AmericanBoard of Neurological Surgery.On December IS Dr. Rasmussen leftfor a short vacation, during which timehe married Miss Catherine Archibald ofNova Scotia. Dr. and Mrs. Rasmussenwill live at 1545 East ,Sixtieth Street,Chicago.6 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINSCIENTIFIC SECTIONSome Applications of Studieson Specific Types of Movement of White Blood CellsP. P. H. DE BRUYNDepartment 0/ AnatomyThe white blood cells of circulatingblood form a potential reservoir of phagocytes on which the organism dependsfor its defense in the elimination ofinjurious agents. They perform this function after they have left the vessels; theythen disperse themselves over the site ofinfection bv active movement. The ability to move is thus a property essentialto the performance of the function of thewhite blood cells. The movement of thesecells has been the object of many investigations. It was observed first by WhartonJones in 1846. Later investigationsbrought inconsistent. reports as to whether certain types of leucocytes could movein vitro or not. Particularly the lymphocyte has been the subject of much controversy. The reason for this is that earlyexperiments were performed in simplehanging-drop preparations of blood. Thismedium is not favorable for such studies.The observations on the locomotion ofwhite blood cells became more consistentwhen the tissue culture technic was introduced. In tissue cultures the cells arcsuspended in a plasma clot which notonly provides the nutrient substances butalso serves as a solid substrate for thecells to move on. The study of thelocomotory properties of leucocytes madeanother step forward with the introduction of time-lapse motion photomicrography. As a result of such studies, it became apparent that various types ofleucocytes possessed their own specifictypes of movement. This fact is of importance with respect to some practicaland theoretical hematological problems.One of the most fundamental problemsin hematology is the nature of the stemcells of the bone marrow. All the varioushistological and cytological technics havefailed to produce sufficient support forthe view that this stem cell is differentfrom the stem cell of the lymphatic tissue.Rich, Wintrobe, and Lewis (1939) cultured blood of leukemic patients andlymph nodes and bone marrow of normalrabbits and studied the locomotion of theblood cells by means of the time-lapsephotomicrographic technique. They reported that the bone-marrow stem cells(myeloblasts) move in a fashion characteristically different from the movement of the stem cells of the lymphatictissue. The movement of the stem cellsof the lymphatic tissue (lymphoblasts)was found by them to be identical withthe mature lymphocytes. On the basisof this, they supported the view that the two stem cells are of a different nature.The investigations by De Bruyn(1944) were not in accord with this. Itcould be shown that the differences intype of the movement described by Rich,Wintrobe, and Lewis were actuallycaused by differences in the physicalproperties of the substrate. When the cellsobserved were moving on the same substrate, the movement of the bone-marrow stem cell was seen to be identicalwith that of the lymphocytes or Iymphoblasts. This is in accordance with the viewthat the bone-marrow stem cells and thestem cells of the lymphatic t issue areidentical and that there is a common stemcell for both cell lineages.The origin of the phagocytic cells intissue cultures of blood cells has beenstudied with respect to locomotory properties of the cells involved (De Bruyn,1945). The fundamental question involved here is whether the lymphocytespossess potencies enabling them to develop into macrophages. The rate of locomotion of these macrophages was determined in cultures of lymph nodes, and itwas found that these cells occurred atdistances from the explant far exceedingthe distance which they can cover duringthe time of incubation. Therefore, thesemacrophages cannot, as such, havemigrated from the original explant. In thelymph node cultures the only cells present having a rate of locomotion sufficiently great to cover such distances as areinvolved here are the lymphocytes. Thissupports Maximow's view (1928) thatthe lymphocytes can develop into macrophages.REFERENCESDE BRUYN, P. P. H. 1944. Locomotion ofblood cells in tissue cultures. Anat , Rec.89:43·---. 1945. The motion of the migratingcells in tissue cultures of lymph nodes.Anat . Rec. 93: 295.MAXIMOW, A. 1928. Cultures of blood leucocytes. From lymphocyte and monocyte toconnective tissue. Arch. f. exper. Zellforschv s i roo.RICH, A. R.; WINTROBE, ]\-1. M.; and LEWIS,M. R. 1939. The differentiation of myeloblasts from Iymphoblasts by their mannerof locomotion. Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp.65:291.CoproantibodyWILLIAM BURROWSDepartment of BacteriologyThe purely enteric infections, such asbacillary dysentery, Asiatic cholera, and,no doubt, a portion at least of cases ofchronic colitis, present a problem analogous to that of diphtheria with respect toeffective prophylactic immunization, inthat the infectious agent establishes theinfection essentially outside the tissuesand hence is not affected by circulating antibody. In diphtheria effective immunity is an antitoxic immunity, but, with theexception of the Shiga dysentery bacillus,the enteric bacteria owe their pathogenicity in large part to endotoxin to which aneffective immunity has not yet been established. A functional antibacterial immunity is, however, indicated by the elimination of the micro-organism followingrecovery, especially in cholera, in which95 per cent of recovered cases no-longerdischarge vibrios after 2 weeks.Studies on experimental enteric cholera in the guinea pig have shown that thecourse of the infection, as measured bynumbers of vibrios excreted in the feces,is sharply modified by a prior nonlethalinfection or by active immunization withparenteral vaccine. The immunity indicated by a marked reduction in numbersof vibrios excreted and in the period during which detectable infection persists isassociated with the presence of specificantibody in the feces. The antibody nature of the activity has been establishedby its properties (viz., specific absorption,heat lability, etc.) and by the isolation ofimmune globulin from feces indistinguishable in antigenicity and antibody activityfrom serum globulin from the same animals. This antibody has been designatedc, coproan t i body. "Coproant ibody appears to be independent of serum antibody, that is, it isnot derived from serum antibody in thatit reaches a peak titer appreciably earlierthan serum antibodv and declines in titerand disappears in '3-4 weeks alter immunization and that, on subsequent testby intragastric inoculation of virulentcholera vibrios, the animals react as normal animals despite the persistence ofserum antibody in high titer. Effectiveimmunity, therefore, is associated withthe presence of pre-existing coproantibody irrespective of whether the titer i,rising, falling, or at a peak.These findings have been extended toinclude urine and the excretion of antibody in man. It has been found that antibodv is also excreted in the urine of theguinea pig and in both urine and feces 01human volunteers immunized with typhoid and cholera vaccines. It has beerfound that man excretes Io-q mg. pelday of globulin, indistinguishable frorrserum globulin, in the urine, and, wherimmunized, that a part of the normaglobulin is replaced by immune globulinThe antibody response in man is mudslower than that of the guinea pig, anIpeak titer of fecal antibody is reached il12-16 days and that of serum antibod;in 25-40 days, fecal antibody disappear'ing in 2-3 months. If an analogy may bdrawn between enteric infection of thguinea pig and that of man, these data arconsistent with the relatively limited diration of immunity to enteric infectiorMEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 7d effective immunity might be associed with the maintenance of fecal antidy in effective titer. This possibility ising further investigated in a study ofmunity to naturally occurring bacillarysentery in chimpanzees at the Yerkes.boratories of Primate Biology at Orge Park, Florida.Because of the early appearance ofproantibody, 4-6 'days following inocuion, considerable interest has beenoused with regard to its diagnostic util'. This has been investigated by one ofe writer's students (Preston E. Haron, M.D., Ph.D., U. of C. 1946) at the.ylor University Hospital, Houston,.xas, with highly encouraging results.is also being studied at the Army mediI laboratory in Tokyo and in' Hawaii,d these findings are at present beinged in a study of the cholera epidemic in:ypt. A number of Indian workers are,plying coproantibody titration to ansay of immur.ity to cholera.It is not as yet clear whether bacillary'sentery in man may be controlled bypea ted reinoculation to maintain coprotibody titer at effective levels. It mayso maintained by the use of experiental oral vaccines, and the studies on-sentery in chimpanzees should provideidence as to its pract ical efficacy.:fluoroacetate and Fluoroacetic Acid Poisoning"JOHN o. HUTCHENSDepartment of PhysiologyThe methyl ester of rnono-fluoroaceticid was investigated during World Waras a chemical warfare agent. Towarde close of the war, knowledge of theoperties of fiuoracetates led to introiction of sodium fiuoroacetate as adenticide. It is commonly known by thede number, "1080," and is used inIter, grain, or other baits for control ofts, mice, ground squirrels, prairie dogs,Animals poisoned with fiuoroacetatese as a result of respiratory arrest acmpanying tonic convulsions of centraligin or as a result of ventricular fibriltion. Cori el 01. have shown that fluoroetate inhibits the oxidation of a varietyintermediary carbohydrate breakdown'oducts, notably phospho (enol) pyru.te, and that it inhibits the resynthesisphosphocreatine in muscle. Barron el. likewise demonstrated the inhibitionoxidation of carbohydrate interrnedies and suggested that inhibition ocirred when substances were metabolizeda acetate.In our laboratory a study of effects ofioroacetate was begun in the summer of• Data on which the present summary is.sed have appeared in various bimonthlyogress reports of the University of Chicagoixicity Laboratory. The author was as.ted in these studies by Mrs. Betty Podoly, Mr. Harold Wagner, and 1\1r. ThomascMahon. 1946 with several objectives in mind: (I)If the suggestion of Barron et 01. could besupported, the pathway of metabolism ofvarious substances could be elucidated.(2) The fact that fiuoroacetate inhibitedphosphocreatine resynthesis offered hopeof finding a common basis for the poisoning of brain and heart muscle. (3) The expected widespread use of 1080 as a rodenticide carried the threat of accidentalpoisonings in man, pets, and domesticanimals. It was hoped that a rationalmethod of treatment of fiuoroacetatepoisoning could be developed.Studies of the effect of fiuoroacetate onmetabolism of various substances were instituted, using yeast and a protozoan,Chilomonas. The fact that extra oxygenconsumptions induced in such cells by avariety of substances were strongly inhibited by fiuoroacetate was confirmed.It was found, however, that the extent towhich such oxygen consumption was inhibited in short-time experiments (2-3hours) depended on the order in whichthe substrate and inhibitor were addedto the cells. Thus, at pH 6.0 a concentration of 10-3 M fiuoroacetate would inhibit acetate oxidations completely for2-3 hours if added before the acetate, butwould cause only a 50 per cent inhibitionif the acetate were added first or if thetwo were added simultaneously.The curves relating 0, consumption totime obtained when fiuoroacetate wasadded before a substrate such as acetatewere strongly reminiscent of those obtained when yeast is starved for a longperiod. Lynen had shown that, withstarved yeast, a long induction period wasrequired before active oxidation of acetatecould occur. Furthermore, he had shownthat this period was required for accumulation of the intermediates of Krebs tricarboxylic acid cycle and that this accumulation could be hastened by additionof catalytic amounts of certain substances, chiefiy aldehydes.It was found that ethanol which ismetabolized via acetaldehyde to aceticacid (oxidations which are not inhibitedby the poison) can catalyze the beginningoxidation of acetate by cells which havebeen previously poisoned with fluoroacetate. It therefore appeared that fluoroacetate quickly produced effects similar tolong starvation of cells, exhausting energyreservoirs and/or intermediary metabolites which also serve as catalysts.Hoping that the effects of alcohol onsingle cells would be paralleled in animals,we administered relatively large doses ofalcohol to fluoroacetate-poisoned animals.In mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits 800mg/kg of ethanol given 5-10 minutesafter 1.5-2 times the 50 per cent lethaldose of fiuoroacetate saved all or most ofthe animals. In dogs ethanol was ineffective. Whether or not an animal respondsfavorably to ethanol seemed better correlated with susceptibility to the poison(dogs are most sensitive, mice least, rabbits and guinea pigs intermediate) thanwith the organ (brain or heart) affected. Man, fortunately, appears not to be highly susceptible.Of the original objectives of the study,only the search for a method of treatmentof fiuoroacetate poisoning seems to havebeen partially achieved. Identifying ametabolic pathway as passing throughacetate seems impossible using fluoroacetate, since the inhibition appears to occur in the Krebs cycle. It seems likelythat these oxidations are involved in thephosphorylation of creatine, and furtherstudies of fiuoroacetate may lead to identification of specific reactions involved.Physiology-(Coni. from par,e J)M.D. from Harvard in 1932. He wasformerly an instructor in physiology atHarvard Medical School. His researchinterests are temperature regulation,peripheral circulation, and autonomicnervous system.In addition to the heavy teaching loadcarried with diminished personnel duringthe war, the Department was activelyengaged in two large defense projects,both under contract with the Office ofScientific Research and Development.The University of Chicago ToxicityLaboratory, organized early in 1941, withDr. E. M. K. Geiling, Professor ofPharmacology, as Official Investigator,and Dr. Franklin C. McLean, as Director, has been an interdepartmental activity from the beginning, serving the Chemical Warfare Service of the U.S. Army. Itsactivities continue under a contract withthe Chemical Corps and under the direction of Dr. John O. Hutchens, the Department of Physiology being alsorepresented on the staff by Dr. Julian M.Tobias. The second defense project was astudy of the mechanisms and treatmentof poisoning by gases irritant to the lungs.This was undertaken in 1942', under acontract with the Committee on MedicalResearch, O.S.R.D., under the directionof Dr. Ralph Gerard and with the participation of Dr. Julian Tobias, and continued until 1944, when its problemswere transferred to Edgewood Arsenal,where Drs. Gerard and Tobias, withothers from the Department, continuedtheir association with the work.The Department was represented inthe Armed Forces by Colonel McLeanand Major Hutchens, both of whom wereassigned to the Chemical Warfare Service,and by Lieutenant Harvey M. Patt, ajunior member of the Department, commissioned in the Navy. Drs. Gerard andTobias also served the Chemical WarfareService as civilians.In addition to the continuation of theDepartment's participation in the activities of the Toxicity Laboratory, two newresearch projects, both under governmentauspices, have been undertaken. Aninterdepartmental project, on the physiology of bone, has been under way since(Coni. on page 8)8 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINPhysiology-tCont.from pOKe 7)1946, under a grant from the UnitedStates Public Health Service, ResearchGrants Division, and under the jointdirection of Drs. Franklin C. Mcleanand William Bloom, Professor of Anatomy. Grants for related activities, underthe same direction, have been receivedfrom the Research Corporation and fromthe Josiah Macy, Jr., Foundation. A project financed by a grant from the Officeof Naval Research, United States Navy,for studies of the physiology of brain andnerve tissue, under the direction of Dr.Ralph Gerard, has been in progress forthe past year.Dr. A. J. Carlson, in addition to hismany public responsibilities, is directinga research program on nutrition andlongevity, supported by a grant fromSwift and Company. Dr. NathanielKleitman is continuing his research onthe physiology of sleep, under a grantfrom the Dr. Wallace C. and Clara A.Abbott Memorial Fund of the Universityof Chicago, which also contributes to th-esupport of the research of other membersof the Department.The Department co-operates with theInstitute for Radiobiology and Biophysics and with other departments ofthe University in arranging instructionleading to the Ph.D. degree in biophysicsunder the leadership of Dr. Kenneth S.Cole. There is also included within theDepartment a semiautonomous sectionof Mathematical Biophysics" under thedirection of Professor Nicolas Rashevsky,which offers programs of work leading tothe degree of Ph.D. in mathematicalbiophysics.The Department participates in instruction in the College; in the Divisionof the Biological Sciences it accepts students as candidates for the B.S. degreeand graduate students for the degrees ofM.S. and Ph.D. It offers courses requiredfor the M.D. degree in the School of Medicine and elective courses, at the graduatelevel, of interest to both graduate andmedical students. There are at presenttwelve graduate students in the Department in candidacy for higher degrees; ofthese, two are candidates for the M.D. degree.Professor F. J. Mullins has for severalyears, in addition to research and teachingactivities within the Department ofPhysiology, served as the Dean of Students for the Division of the BiologicalSciences. He has recently been appointedSecretary of Faculties for the Universityas well.PHEMISTER FUNDDr. Leon O. Jacobson, chairman ofthe Phemister Fund Committee, reportsthat up to December IS, 1947, contributions totaling over $14,000 have been Medical Man 'HeadsPsychologyOn January I, 1948, Dr. James G.Miller became Chairman of the Department of Psychology in the Division of theSocial Sciences. Dr. Miller will also holdan appointment as Professor of Psychology in the Division of the Biological Sciences, serving as Professor of PsychologyMILLERin the division of psychiatry of the Department of Medicine. Dr. Miller comesto us from the Veterans Administration,where he was chief of the clinical psychology section of the neuropsychiatric division. Dr. Miller received all his formaleducation at Harvard University. Hegraduated from Harvard College in 1937and received the degree of M.A. in psychology in 1938 and his M.D. in 1942. Dr.Miller served a residency in psychiatry atthe Massachusetts General Hospital, andin 1944 he gave the Lowell lectures inBoston on "The Psychology of Reasonand Belief." From 1944 to 1946 he servedas neuropsychiatrist in the Army, hisprincipal duties being to assess personalities for OSS both in this country and inthe European Theater of operations.received. Many have come from membersof the Medical Alumni Association. TheFund when it reaches $30,000 will beused to establish lectureships which willbe given regularly at the University bydistinguished workers who have madeoutstanding contributions to medicineand its allied sciences. These lectureshonoring Dr. Phemister, Thomas D. JonesProfessor Emeritus of Surgery, as of January I (see Oct. '47 BULLETIN), will bepublished as "The Phemister Lectures."Those who wish to contribute to thePhemister Fund may send their contributions to Dr. Jacobson, Department ofMedicine, University of Chicago. The First Joseph BolivarDeLee ProfessorDr. M. Edward Davis has been namedthe first Joseph Bolivar Dcl.ce Professorof Obstetrics and Gynecology. This professorship has been established by theMothers' Aid of the Chicago Lying-inHospital as a memorial to Dr. Delee. Itis particularly appropriate that an outstanding pupil of Dr. Delee and one whohas been associated with the Chicagolying-in Hospital for over twenty-twoyears should be the first recipient of thishonor. Dr. Davis is one of the country'sforemost students of the physiology of reproduction. He has made notable contributions to knowledge in this field. Hiswork on oxytoxic drugs in collaborationwi th Dr. M. S. Kharasch and associatesof the Department of Chemistry culminated in the isolation of ergonovine, whichhas gained widespread acceptance in current obstetrical practice. This work received the Gold Medal from the American Medical Association. Other majorcontributions of Dr. Davis include workDAVISon the vaginal cycle in the human ant'studies on the mechanism of intrauterineand extrauterine respiration and on therole of ovarian hormones in normal reproduct ion and in the various complication!of pregnancy. Aside from his scientifsachievements, Dr. Davis has a broad interest in maternal and child welfare ancas a member of the Advisory Committeof the Children's Bureau of the FederaSecurity Agency. He has been active iJdeveloping programs to improve maternaand child health in many states. In addition to all this, Dr. Davis is an outstanding teacher of both undergraduate amgraduate obstetrics and gynecology.On December 23, 1947, the so,oootbaby was born at the Chicago Lying-iHospital and Dispensary since this insttution became affiliated with the University of Chicago in 193I..\1EDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINFACULTY NEWSDr. Theodore E. Heinz, formerly a mcm. of our medical faculty, and now at theeeley Clinic, Greeley, Colorado, was hereNovember The same month we had a visitm T. F. Thornton, Jr., and family. Toms a former instructor in Waterloo, Iowa.Dr. Hugh Peugnet, who helped in the den and construction of the equipment of the:tronics laboratory and speech departmentENT, has left the Clinics and is now work-as an audiologist in association with an.logist in St. Louis, Missouri.Dr. John R. Lindsay appeared before theneral Session of the Ear, Nose, and Throattion of the Michigan State Medical Societyits annual meeting in Grand Rapids inotember. On November 28 he spoke before: Institute of Medicine of Chicago onleniere's Disease: Diagnosis and Treatnt ."Drs. William G. Beadenkopf and Walter,wk became assistant directors of the Stuit Health Service of the U. of C. on July 1.Dr. Edwin P. Jordan, a former member of: medical department, and more recentlyociate editor of the J ournal of the Americanidical Association, is now a member of theeveland Clinic staff. He is director of medi-education at the Bunts Educational I n:ute, a newly created position which will'relate all the education activities of the:veland Clinic, including the editorial, li.ry, photographic, and art departments of: Clinic.Dr. Edith L. Potter's book, Rh: lis RelaI! to Congenital Hemolytic Disease and toergrollp Transfusion Reactions, is beingII received by reviewers. Dr. Potter is As.ant Professor of Pathology, DepartmentObstetrics and Gynecology.Dr. Percival Bailey has been made a disguished service professor of neurology andirological surgery at the University of llli.s, becoming the second faculty member of: Chicago Professional Colleges to hold thetinguished service professor rank.Dr. Robert G. Bloch, Professor of Medie, spoke on "Tuberculous Calcification:nical and Experimental Studies" at theititute of Medicine meeting on Septem: 26.. Among recent county medical society.akers were: Lester R. Dragstedt, Sept. 9,reau County Medical Society in Princeton. III., "Castric Vagotomy for Peptic Ulcer";C. Wesley Eisele, Sept. 2j, Will-GrundyCounty Medical Society in Joliet, III., "SomeProblems in the Diagnosis and Treatment ofBrucellosis"; Leon O. Jacobson, Will-GrundyCounty Medical Society. "Radioactive Therapy"; and William E. Adams, :-.10\'. s. ScottCounty Medical Society. Davenport. Iowa,"Carcinoma of the Esophagus and Cardia."and :'\ov. 13, Lake County .\Iedical Association. Crown Point. Ind., "Problems in Differential Diagnosis of Cystic Malformation ofthe Lung."Dr. Jack Woolf, formerly instructor inneurosurgery and now in private practice inneurosurgery in Dallas, Texas. visited theClinics in November on his way to the Harvey Cushing Society Meeting in Hot Springs.·Virginia.Drs. Dallas B. Phemister, Frederick M.Owens, '39. and J. Garrott Allen and JamesM. Fritz, '42. took part in the meetings of theAmerican College of Surgeons in New YorkCity in September.Dr. Justin M. Donegan, former instructorin ophthalmology. was recently appointed associate professor of ophthalmology at theUniversity of Illinois and head of the Department of Ophthalmology at PresbyterianHospital.Dr. Gerhart Schwarz, who was instructorin roentgenology. is now director of the Department of Radiology at the Clifton SpringsSanitarium and Clinic, Clifton Springs. NewYork.Drs, Walter Hawk, L. O. Jacobson, Joseph Kirsner, Erwin Levin, C. G. Loosli, andC. P. Miller were among those who gave papers before the Regional Xleeting of theAmerican College of Physicians which washeld in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, November Ij.Dr. Chiang Sze-chang from the NationalCentral University of Nanking, China, hasbeen appointed as Visiting Clinical Professorin Otolaryngology.Dr. Charles K. Barnes, Instructor in Surgery (Ophthalmology), has chosen FortWorth, Texas, for a future home. Dr. andMrs. Barnes had the good fortune to locate aseven-room apartment in an excellent neighborhood .Drs. William Burrows and Francis B. Gordon were promoted to the rank of Professor in the Department of Bacteriology on July I,1947 .. \Iso on July 1 Dr. K. Eileen Hite waspromoted to the rank of .\ssistant Professorof Bacteriology and Dr. James W. Moulderto .\ssistant Professor of Biochemistry.Professor Clay G Huff left the Universityin September, 1947, to accept a position inparasitology at the �aval Medical ResearchInstitute at Bethesda, Maryland.Dr. John O. Hutchens, Chairman of theDepartment of Physiology, is one of theyoungest department heads in the Divisionof the Biological Sciences. He was thirty-twoyears old at the time of his appointment inOctober, 1946. He received his .\. B. fromButler University (193(» and his Ph.D. fromJohns Hopkins University (1939). Dr. Hutchens was a national research fellow in the Department of Biological Chemistry at Harvardand a Johnston Scholar from 1940 to 1941 inbiology at Johns Hopkins University, His interests as a member of the Physiology Department are given elsewhere in this Bl·LLJ-:TI:-:.Dr. Hutchens was married to Eleanore :'II.Mothcrsill in 19.39. They have two childrenMargaret .\., aged five. and Judith M .. agedtwo and a half-and live at j722 Drexel .vvcnue, Chicago.Dr. Charles L. Dunham, who for the lasteleven months has been the Biological Sciences representative in the U. of C. Development Office, this month returned to his fulltime duties as Assistant Professor of \Iedicine and head of the .\rthritis Clinic.Drs. Lilian Donaldson and Herbert Lackbecame Assistant Professors of Roentgenology on July I. Dr. James W. Carpender cameto the U. of C. in July as an instructor inroentgenology from the University of California, where he worked in the irradiationlaboratory. On January I, 1947. he becamean Assistant Professor of Roentgenology.Dr. Joseph B. Kirsnei, who has been atthe U. of C. Clinics since 1935, was made Associate Professor of i\ledicine as of July 1,1947. He served in the Army in both European and Pacific theaters from November,1943, to April, 1946. Dr. Kirsner is authorand co-author of approximately fifty paperscovering various subjects in the field of gastroenterologv. His current interest in research is protein metabolism in gastrointestinal diseases.American Meat InstituteA building of Gothic style architecturerich will house the American Meat Intute is being constructed on the southIe of Fifty-seventh Street between In.side and Ellis avenues. Funds for theastruction of the building are beingovided by the American Meat Institute.undation, organized and supported bye meat-packing industry. The Founda-n, which was incorporated in October,44, will conduct its program in harmy with the program of research anducation in the University. The three- AMERICAN MEAT INSTITUTEstory-and-basement stone building willprovide laboratories for investigation in the fields of biochemistry, nutrition, histology, analyt ical and physical chcm istry, and home economics. Funds are aboprovided by the Founrlat ion for the support of graduate students who qualify todo investigative work at the Univcrsi t vfor the degree of Doctor of Philosophy i;lthe fields of biological and physical sciences. The laboratories of the Instituteare now housed in the departments ofPharmacology and Botany and in thebuilding at 5757 Drexel A venue. Dr.Henry R. Graybill, Ph.D., directs theDepartment of Scientific Research, whichnow has a staff of fifteen members.10 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINALUMNI NEWS. '32. Justin A. Frank has been practicinginternal medicine in Los Angeles for the lastfive years and is an adjunct on the staff of theCedars of Lebanon Hospital. He is marriedand has two children, aged four and one.']]. Maurice H. Friedman is in privatepractice in Washington. He is on the attending staff of the Mount Alto Veterans Hospital and the Georgetown University and Doctor's Hospital and is an instructor in the Department of l\ledicine of the GeorgetownUniversity.'36. C. H. Rammelkamp is associate professor of preventive medicine and assistantprofessor of medicine at Western ReserveUniversity. He is married and has two boysaged two and four.E. N. Walsh, who heads dermatology atthe Scott and White Clinic in Temple, Texas,With his wife visited the Clinics at the timeof the Dermatology Convention, which washeld at the Palmer House the week of December 6.'37. M. P. Van den Bosch, now in generalpractice in Denver, Colorado, visited theClinics in November.Eli L. Borkon has started private practicein internal medicine in the small town of Carbondale. ] lIinois.']8. Eugene Wiege has joined the formerBillings group at the Greeley Clinic, Greeley,Colorado, as general surgeon.Clark K. Sleeth is at present associate professor of medicine at the West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown,West Virginia.']9. Maxwell A. Johnson is a resident inurology at LaCrosse Lutheran Hospital andassistant to Dr. Alf H. Gunderson at theGunderson Clinic. He and Mrs. Johnson arefortunate to have a furnished apartment assigned to them in the hospital. He writes thathe has seen Alfred Klein, formerly of the Department of Medicine, now at Eau Claire,and James McBean, formerly on the E.N.T.staff, now at the Mayo Clinic.Carroll Shukers has been associate professor of biochemistry at the University ofArkansas School of Medicine since September, 1939. Clinical pathology and direction ofthe university hospital laboratory and of thestate blood bank were recently added to hisduties. He also has just returned from a threemonth trip during which time he served asmedical nutritionist in charge of a nutritionsurvey of Eskimos for the Territorial Department of Health in .\Iaska. The surveyparty visited six villages along the BeringSea and Arctic coasts. The most northern village was Point Hope, about two hundred andfifty miles north of the Arctic Circle. Bloodvitamin levels of Eskimos were determined.Some .\rctic foods were analyzed, and furtherstudies are contemplated.'-/0. Walter W. Hamburger is a veteranpostgraduate fellow in psychiatry and medicine at the University of Rochester School ofMedicine, Rochester, New York.James D. Wharton, Lieut. Comdr., M.C.,U.S.N., is on "duty under instruction" in theEpidemiology Department at Johns HopkinsUniversity School of Hygiene and PublicHealth. He received his ]l.1.Ph.last year andis a candidate for his Ph.D., working on bacillary dysentery.Phillip Clark, now a member of the surgical department of the University of Kansas Hospitals, was a Clinics visitor in September.'-/I. Robert C. Painter is serving a fellowship in internal medicine at the Mayo Foundation, Rochester, l\linnesota.Daniel Cahoon is a lecturer in radiobiologyin the Institute of Radiobiology at theU. of C.'.p. Albert F. Fricke started a medicalresidency at the Veterans AdministrationHospital at Hines on July I.Reon H. Sanders is a resident in roentgenology at the Milwaukee Hospital, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.Warren V. Stough was discharged fromthe Navy in July, 1946, and is now practicingin Anniston, Alabama.Charles F. Williams is a fellow in medicineat the University of Minnesota.'oJ]. Donald M. McIntyre is in generalpractice at St. John, Washington, and planson moving to Chicago in July, 1948, as he hasan appointment as senior intern in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology atLying-in.John P. Plunkett has been stationed atFort Jackson, South Carolina, for the pastyear as division psychiatrist. His wife andtwo-year-old daughter are there with him.He writes that Robert Beal , '-/], is doinggeneral practice in Red Lodge, Montana, andthat Jay P. Bartlett, '-/], is now in Bremerton,Washington, where his ship is being decommissioned. Jay is hoping to be out of the Navyby the first of the year so that he can returnto Billings as assistant surgical resident.Franz Wasserman was discharged fromthe Army in September, 1946, and since thenhas been a resident in psychiatry at the PaloAlto Veterans Hospital in California.Robert M. McCormack is at present a resident in plastic surgery at the University ofRochester School of Medicine, working underDr. Forrest Young. Richard McKay, 'oJ], isalso at the University of Rochester, where heis working in psychiatry.Chester B. Powell was separated fromservice in August, 1947, after a year and ahalf in Japan. He returned to the IllinoisNeuropsychiatric Institute in October tocomplete his neurosurgical residency underDrs. Oldberg, Bailey, and Bucy.Louis Rubin, on a year's leave of absencefrom the U. of C. Clinics starting October I,1947, is studying at the New York Skin andCancer Hospital, New York City.·Clifton G. York was separated from theNavy on October 21, 1947. He is now inLake City, Florida, making arrangements toenter into general practice.Charles R. Mowery is in the second yearof a three-year residency in general surgery atVirginia Mason Hospital, Seattle, Washington.Grace Goebel and her husband, Dr. J. L.Goebel, were in Chicago in October. Grace ischief resident in pediatrics and contagiousdiseases at the San Francisco Children's Hospital.Arthur C. Connor is research assistant inresearch surgery at the Ohio State University.Glen M. Whitesel is working hard in Kellogg, Idaho, which is a mining community.He recently saw Robert Hall, '42, who hasstarted a general practice in Sunnyside,Washington.'-/-/. Bruce F. Grotts, stationed at Fort Bliss, Texas, is doing general dispensarywork.Robert E. Joranson, now in the secondyear of a three-year residency in internalmedicine at Presbyterian Hospital, writesthat he sees Vernon Jim, '-/-/, occasionally.Vernon is doing postgraduate work at CookCounty Hospital. Bob has also seen BinoMarchello, '-/-/, who is going to Maine Gen·eral for a residency.Charles W. Schlageter is a resident inpsychiatry at the Veterans AdministrationHospital, Hines, Illinois.Allen N. Wisely is still in the Army atPercy Jones General Hospital as chief of gas·troenterology. He is married and has a yearold son, Allen N. IV.Capt. J. A. Rider was here in Septemberwhile on terminal leave. He expected to beout of service on October 23 and would thenbegin an assistant residency in internal medicine at the John Sealy Hospital of the University of Texas. Capt. Rider spent sixteenmonths as chief of the medical service in theStation Hospital in Sarndai, Japan. Mrs.Rider was with him in Japan for a year.'45. Harry W. Fischer, on the surgicalstaff of the Veterans Administration Hospital, Jackson, Mississippi, writes that there isan abundance of work to do under a competent senior staff and that he is quite contentwith the medical aspect as a temporary messure. He would like to hear from the membersof his class.James R. McGrath is stationed at theOliver General Hospital in Augusta, Georgia,on the Officer's Section of General Medicine.He will return to the Clinics on July I to beginan internship in pediatrics.Elwood E. Yaw has been stationed at theVeterans Hospital, Wadsworth, Kansas, forthe past year. He has been accepted as assstant resident at the Children's Memorial Hospital in Chicago for January I, 1949, andplans to work with the home-town doctor atImperial, Nebraska, from July to Decemberin 1948.Travis Kasle is stationed in Oklahomaafter spending one year at Brooke GeneralHospital in San Antonio, where he attendedthe Army Neuropsychiatric School, andworked on the NP service. Ray Robertson,'45, was in the same class.Capt. Warren K. Wilner, jr., writes fromthe Station Hospital, Fort Ord, California,that Lieut. (j.g.) Richard Hall, '45, has reoturned to the States aboard the U.S.S. "Dixie," which in November was anchored atHunters Point Naval Yard, San Francisco,California. In January they expect to moveon to San Diego, California. Lieut. (j.g.) JlckKahoun, '46, and his family are at the MarineAir Base, Ewa, T.H., where Jack is the medical flight officer.Louis B. Thomas and his wife and daughter were in Chicago during a September vacation. Louis is S.A. Surgeon in the PublicHealth Service and is in charge of the rapidtreatment center in Boise, Idaho. He sa�John Partridge, '45, in Livermore, CaliforniaJohn was leaving the hospital where he hacbeen a patient and is now starting a resident)in pathology in a San Francisco hospital.Capt. Karl D. Nelson writes from thlA.A.F. Station Hospital, Mitchell Field, Ne�York. He served a rotation internship at thlHartford Hospital before entering the ArmyMEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 11Lieut. (j.g.) C. F. Kittle, U.S.N.R., is stillorking in neuropsychiatry service in Losngeles. On July I he will start a residency in.rgery at the University of Kansas, where heill be associated with Paul Schafer, formerlysident and instructor in surgery at the U. of. Fred writes that Ed Storer, '45, has beenat the Birmingham Naval Hospital with.ypical pneumonia. Orders have arrived tomove all military personnel from Birmingun, and Peter Moulder, '45, is scheduled to• to Seattle. Storer will not be moved until� has recovered.John J. Antel completed one year of dutyith the Coast Guard in September. He issw on the surgical service of the U.S. Male Hospital, Galveston, Texas, and is enying it very much. He writes that he hascently seen Nella Torri, '45, who is enjoyingsurgical residency at the U.S. Marine Hostal at San Francisco; Stuart Taylor, '45,no is on an Army Transport operating be-een the West Coast and Korea; and Richd Fineberg, '45, who has recently been orIred to hospital duty somewhere on thelest Coast.'46. Charles McCroskey is a flight surgeonoard the carrier U.S.S. "Rendova" atremerton , He writes that Duval Jaros, '46,.ssed through Bremerton in October aboardfloating dry-dock en route from Alaska.so Phillip Ambuel, '46, is at the Navalospital in Bremerton and is expecting orderssea.Edward H. Senz wrote in August abouting well located at the U.S. Naval HospitalLong Beach, California. Their apartrnen tone short block from the ocean. Edward issigned to the surgical service of the huned-bed dependents' hospital.Gerald D. Barton, assistant surgeon in theS. Public Health Service, is stationed in alid-treatment center in Memphis, Tennes:. The Bartons have a furnished apartmentthe center, and all meals are cooked forem without charge. Gerald writes thatul Francke, '46, is stationed at one of theiters in Mississippi and that Laurence Finrg, '46, is at the Hot Springs, Arkansas,Iter.Lieut. Willis D. Garrard is instructor andearch assistant in the Department of Avian Medicine, 27th A.A.F. Base Unit, Ranlph Field, Texas. He is enjoying his work3ULLETINf the Alumni Association'he Universit� of Chicago�CHOOL OF MEDICINEoL.4 JANUARY 1948 No 1CLAYTON G. LOOSLI, EditorHUBERTA LIVINGSTONE, A ssociate EditorHENRY T. RICKETTS, A ssociate EditorLEON O. JACOBSON, CHARLES L, DUNHAMA ssistant EditorsALLAN T. KENYONFRANCIS B. GORDONHILGER P. JENKINSMembers oj the Editorial BoardMARIE ECKERT, Secretary-ice of yearly subscription for nonmembers, $1.00;ice of single copies, 25 cents. and, in addition, lives in a lovely countrylakeside cottage with all the facilities forwater sports in his front yard. The Garrardsshare their house with Arnold Tucker and hiswife. Tucker was the star quarterback of theundefeated Army football team last year, soWillis is learning all about big-time football.Sidney Schulman is temporarily stationedat Percy Jones General Hospital, BattleCreek, Michigan.Harold Z. Brown, rst Lieut., M.C., is stationed at McCormack General Hospital inPasadena, California, as is AI Lorincz, '46.Harold has a medicine ward, and Al is inobstetrics and gynecology. They both are enjoying it very much.Howard Owen is on the surgical service ofthe Station Hospital at Fort Sill, Oklahoma.John W. Cashman was appointed an assistant surgeon in the United States PublicHealth Service and started active duty onAugust I.'47. Paul V. Gustafson is now an intern atthe Swedish Hospital, Seattle, Washington.His next appointment will be as a full-timemember of the Microbiology Department,University of Washington Medical School,Seattle, where he will teach, do research inparasitological diseases, and later have someclinical work.Max E. Griffin is completing his internship at St. Vincent's Hospital in Toledo,Ohio, after which he will assume duties aspediatrics resident at the Children's Hospitalin Akron, Ohio, starting January, 1948.A lumni Association of theUniversity of Chicago-(Cont. from page 12)responsibilities of the University. Interestin the medical activities of the Universityby the general Alumni Association isshown in the frequency with which articles by various members of the medicalschool faculty appear in the University ofChicago Magazine. Your attention is directed to recent issues of this publicationwhich contain articles by Dr. Phemisteron "Recent Progress in Surgery" (Nov.1947); by Mr. M. M. Cunningham, Jr.,'31, managing editor of Modern Hospital,on "The Doctor and the Patient" (Dec.1947); and by Dr. Huggins on "CancerResearch" (Jan. 1948). In the January issue also are the remarks made by Mr.Clifton Utley, '26, speaking as an alumnus in behalf of the University's cancerprogram.In the Dec. 1947 number of the Scientific Monthly Jeanette Lowery, AssistantDirector of Press Relations at the University of Chicago, with others contributed an interesting article on "Science inChicago" for the information of those attending the recent A.A.A.S. meetings. Ofspecial interest in this issue are articlesabout the three new institutes of the University written by their respective directors, namely, Professor Samuel K. Allison, "The Institute for Nuclear Studies";Dr. Cyril S. Smith, "The Institute for. theStudy of Metals"; and Dr. Raymond E.Zirkle, "The Institute of Radiobiologyand Biophysics." BIRTHSDr. and Mrs. Gerhart Schwarz-Doris Audrey, Aug., 1946Capt. and Mrs. Robert Green-James Kimball, Aug. 12, 1946Mr. and Mrs. R. G. Weiner (Dr. Betsy PiaUWeiner)-Deborah, Oct. 24, 1946Dr. and Mrs. Richard Kredel-RobertEvert, Mar. 10, 1947Dr. and Mrs. George J. Andros-George, Jr.,Mar. 18Dr. and Mrs. F. E. Kelsey-Susan Elizabeth, May IDr. and Mrs. J. Leonard Lamb-LindaRoberta, May 9Dr. and Mrs. Lent C. Johnson-Margery DeeKaren, May 24Dr. and Mrs. Albert L. Lehninger-ErikaJan, June 16Supt. and Mrs. Ray E. Brown-BarbaraCasey, June 17Dr. and Mrs. W. H. Tucker-Judith Ann,June 17Dr. and Mrs. John Findley-William Denton, June 17Dr. and Mrs. A. F. Fricke-Susan Josephine,June 21Lieut. and Mrs. Jack Kahoun-Bruce James,June 24Dr. and Mrs. C. F. Williams-Charles E.,June 26Dr. and Mrs. Herbert Lack-Linda, JulyDr. and Mrs. Earl Hathaway-Michael,Ju.ly 7Dr. and Mrs. T. Howard Clarke-Paul Howard, July 8Dr. and Mrs. H. W. Fischer-Susan, July 12Dr. and Mrs. P. L. Beal-Ellen Marie, July28Dr. and Mrs. W. Beadenkopf-twins: William and Scott, adopted in AugustDr. and Mrs. David Lochman-Lisabeth.Aug. 7 'Dr. and Mrs. R. A. Milia-Ana Julia, Aug. 12Dr. and Mrs. W. F. Greenwold-MarciaDanita, Aug. 12Dr. and Mrs. M. A. Johnson-Sara Belle,Sept. 3Dr. and Mrs. Robert Wissler-David William, Sept. 10Dr. and Mrs. Edward H. Storer-SusanFrances, Sept. 10Dr. and Mrs. Franz Wasserman-Paul Frederick, Sept. 17Dr. and Mrs. R. H. Moe-Peter Karl, Sept.29Dr. and Mrs. M. E. Gordon-Jeffery Ivan,Oct. 4Dr. and Mrs. Ormand Julian-Gail Elizabeth, Oct. 10Dr. and Mrs. Herbert Johnson-son, Nov. I IDr. and Mrs. P. J. Clark-Peter Conger,Nov. IIMARRIAGESDr. Walter Hamburger-Ruth C. Kraft,Jan. 7,1946Dr. Warren V. Stough-Phyllis Ann Metz,Apr. 18, 1946Dr. Robert Robertson-Mary Ann Finch,June 7,1947 'Dr. Alan Robertson-Agnes Hendrickson,June 20Dr. Walter Lawrence-Susan Shryock, June20Dr. Lester MacLean-Mary Faye McDonald, June 27Dr. Julius Coon-Mary Elizabeth Weimer,July 26Dr. Max Briggs-Joanne Whitecotton, Aug.24Dr. Robert W. Jampolis-Roberta C. Prior,Sept. 512 MEOICAL ALUMNI BULLETINASSOCIATION ACTIVITIES'Senate Holds Fall MeetingThe sixth meeting of the MedicalAlumni Association Senate was held onDecember IS, 1947, at the QuadrangleClub. The attendance was good, and theclass representatives demonstrated a veryactive interest in the Association's activities. It approved enthusiastically the proposals to sponsor the senior scientific program and banquet on March 18, 1948,and the first all-medical alumni reunion ofthe Association at the time of the A.M.A.Convention, which is to be held June 21-26, 1948.The secretary and treasurer's reports,dated December I, 1947, show that theactive dues-paying membership in theAssociation has reached an all-time highof 567. The alumni roster includes 1,103individuals, of whom 129 are faculty, 196are past or present residents, and 778 aregraduates. Of the graduates, 44 per centare dues-paying members. The membership from the nineteen graduating classesvaries from 28 to 83 per cent. The Senateauthorized the preparation and distribution of membership cards to all life-members of the Association.As an expression of appreciation andrecognition of the excellent service rendered to members of the Association byDr. F. Joseph Mullin, Dean of Studentsin the Biological Sciences and Chairmanof the Internship Committee, the Senatevoted to present him with the official keyof the Association. It was also voted thatthe organization recommend to theDean's office that the Internship Committee take on the added responsibilityof aiding alumni in securing residencieswhich will offer them first-class training.Mr. Howard W. Mort, Executive Secretary of the Alumni Association of theUniversity of Chicago, was a guest at themeeting.Senior ClassScientific Program and DinnerDr. Leon O. Jacobson, chairman of theProgram Committee of the MedicalAlumni Association, announces that thesenior class scientific program and banquet sponsored by the Association and theDivision of the Biological Sciences will beheld the afternoon and evening of March18, 1948. At this banquet members of thesenior class, interns, and certain of theresidents are guests of the School of Medicine. All members of the Association areurged to attend the scientific program anddinner. Those wishing to attend the banquet should notify the secretary, who willthen reserve a place for them. Details ofthe scientific program and the time andplace of the banquet will appear later. IN THIS ISSUEDean Coggeshall discusses the relationship of the School of Medicine to the Division of the Biological Sciences. The latter is the largest Division in the University, and the training of medical studentsis one of its chief responsibilities. The departments participating in the medicalschool program are large. In addition toteaching, the staff members maintain active programs of investigation. The fieldsof research are broad and to list only thetitles of papers published within the pastfew years would fill this issue of the BULLETIN. To bring before the medical alumni a general review of recent staff changesand research activities of the various preclinical departments, the Editor of theBULLETIN requested of the chairmenshort reports. Those submitted by Anatomy, Bacteriology, and Physiology withminor editorial changes appear in thisissue. Those submitted by PhysiologicalChemistry, Pharmacology, and Pathology will appear in the March issue. Subsequent issues will contain contributionsfrom the clinical departments.The officers of the Association are notunmindful of the contributions to medicalteaching and investigation our alumni aremaking at other institutions. A resume oftheir studies will appear in future BULLETINS.Medical Alumni ReunionThe Executive Council at its twelfthmeeting on November 18, 1947, voted tosponsor a Medical Alumni Reunion at thetime of the A.M.A. Convention, whichwill be held in Chicago during the weekof June 21-26, 1948. This was approvedby the Senate at its fall meeting held onDecember IS, 1947. The tentative dateof the reunion is June 24. "Open house"will be held in the University of ChicagoClinics during the day, in addition to shortscientific programs presented by the various departments in the afternoon. An informal program and dinner will be held inthe evening. Details covering "the reunion" will appear in the March BULLETIN,when formal invitations to attend the reunion banquet will be sent to all alumni.The officers of the Association urge allgraduates, former residents, and faculty ofthe School of Medicine to take advantageof the A.M.A. Convention and make plans(hotel reservations, etc.) to attend now. Annual DuesA notice calling for annual dues for theacademic year of 1947 and 1948 was sentto all alumni with the October BULLETIN.Because of the indebtedness of the Associa-tion, additional gifts were solicited. Theresponse of the alumni, including faculty,past and present residents, and graduateshas been excellent. As of December I,1947, 77 per cent of 129 faculty, 67 percent of IQ6 residents, and 44 per cent of778 graduates were or became' activedues-paying members of the Association.Over seven hundred dollars were contributed as gifts. The generous response tothe "Call for Annual Dues and Gifts" (seeOct. 1947 BULLETIN) by the alumni hasmade it possible for the Association tobring its investments up to date and toinsure the cost of publication of the BULLETIN and other incidental expenses forthe coming year. Dues and gifts continueto arrive in small numbers. Those whchave not paid their dues at the time 01mailing of this BULLETIN will be sent asecond notice. Some may receive secondnotices who have already paid. In such in·stances return the card with a note stat.ing that you have paid. The Associatiorneeds the active support of all the medicaalumni. It urges all who have not paktheir dues to do so promptly.Alumni Association of theUniversity of ChicagoThe Medical Alumni Association isoDlof the divisions in the cabinet of the general Alumni Association of the University, which has a membership of oveseven thousand. The president and secretary represent the Medical Alumni Association at the quarterly meetings of tblcabinet. All graduates of the Universityincluding those in the School of Medicineare eligible for membership in the generaAlumni Association of the UniversityMembership dues are $3.00 for one yeal$10.00 for five years, and $60.00 for lifemembership. All memberships include,subscription to the University of CkicagMagazine, the official publication cthe Alumni Association, which appearmonthly throughout the academic schocyear. For further details concerning meltbership write to Mr. Howard W. Mol'Executive Secretary, The Alumni ASFAciation, The University of Chicago.The medical school program of teading and investigation is one of the chi.(Cont. on page I I)Save Your Copies of the BULLETIN