The University RecordVolume XVI JANUARY I93O Number iTHE INAUGURATION OFPRESIDENT HUTCHINSFor all those whose wisdom and devotion, whose faith and generosity,have been builded like living stones into the fabric of this University as itrises higher and higher above the passing years; especially for our greatleaders now gone on before us into the Unseen, whose dear memory wehallow again today, whom Thou did raise up to set our standards of leadership so high and advance our progress so far: for all these we give Theehearty thanks. Grant unto us now — grant especially to him for whom weunite our common prayer, not only today but through all the days of responsibility and opportunity that are before him- — that with clarity andinsight of mind, with breadth of sympathy for all sorts and conditions ofmen, with sure sense and perspective for all the various values of humanlife, with the integrity of character and the contagious enthusiasm thatshall deepen the confidence and kindle the devotion of associates and students alike, he and we together, in ever closer co-operation, may carry forward the great heritage committed to our present trust; and may have ourfull and creative share in the making of the larger knowledge, the richerlife, and the better world that are to be.— The Prayer of Charles Whitney GilkeyDean of the University ChapelWITHIN THE CHAPEL WALLSA LTHOUGH the University of Chicago was chartered nearly fortyf\ years ago and though it has had four presidents before RobertX ^ Maynard Hutchins, never had one of them been formally inducted into office until November 19, 1929.President Harper had been engaged in the presidential task of creating a great University out of what had been projected as a college for two2 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDyears before the University opened its doors on October i, 1892. Afterhaving been President for two years, he preferred to inaugurate the workof the University rather than to be inaugurated as its head. Before theirelection, President Judson and President Burton had each performedyears of service in the University and each had served as Acting President.Neither of them could see the propriety of being introduced to Facultiesand friends of the University who had already known them for a decadeor two. President Mason, too, preferred to begin his administration without formality.When, however, the Board of Trustees of the University had calledto the presidency a man who, no matter how admirably fitted for the office,was comparatively unknown to the constituency for which and with whichhe was to labor, it was seen that in such conditions the ceremonious installation of the fifth President was most desirable. Accordingly, a committeeon Inauguration composed of Trustees and members of the Faculties wasappointed, consisting of Laird Bell, chairman, J. Spencer Dickerson, Albert W. Sherer, James M. Stifler, John Stuart, from the Trustees; andGordon J. Laing, Frederic Woodward, Charles H. Judd, Thomas V. Smith,J. W. Thompson, and David H. Stevens as alternate for Mr. Woodward,from the Faculties. This Committee at length elaborated the program forthe several meetings and ceremonies which combined to inaugurate Robert Maynard Hutchins as President of the University; a program whichleft nothing to be desired for excellence and worth of public addresses, fordignity of ceremony, for widespread interest in the occasion and in theman, for the thoughtful comprehensiveness of preliminaries, and for thethoroughness with which arrangements were carried out.THE CEREMONIES OF INAUGURATIONFrom Ida Noyes Hall, at eleven o'clock on Tuesday, November 19,a stately procession marched to the University Chapel, an awning extending from the door of one to the entrance of the other. Members of theFaculties of the University and of the Board of Trustees, delegates fromsomething like 200 universities and colleges (no fewer than 106 beingtheir presidents), representatives of public and private schools, of alumniclubs, of students of the University, of educational boards, foundations,and learned societies, and a group of special guests, these formed the longline of men and women in somber black with an occasional red gown.Looked at after the long procession had passed, the many-colored hoods,denoting at once the multiplicity and variety of degrees and their source,seemed to combine in forming a semblance of a modernistic painting.THE INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT HUTCHINSAmong the university and college presidents besides those who made addresses were : George M. Potter, of Shurtleff College (one of the oldest colleges west of the Alleghenies) ; William P. Few, of Duke University; JohnA. Cousens, of Tufts College; John R. Sampey, of the Southern BaptistTheological Seminary; Matthew L. Spencer, of the University of Washington; Robert M. Kelley, of Loyola University; Joseph S. Ames, of JohnsHopkins University; Rufus B. von Kleinsmid, of the University of Southern California; Arthur G. Crane, of the University of Wyoming; WallaceW. Atwood (an alumnus of the University of Chicago), of Clark University; Meta Glass, of Sweet Brier College; and Walter C. Murray, of theUniversity of Saskatchewan. Among the special guests were BishopCharles P. Anderson, Governor Walter J. Koehler, of Wisconsin, and Anton L. Miller, of Boston, president of the Northern Baptist Convention.There were Protestants and Catholics and Mormons. There were Europeans, Americans, and Asiatics, called from the four quarters of the country and from our island possessions. Delayed somewhat by clicking cameras, blazing flash lights, and busy photographers, the long procession,ending with the distinguished speakers, the candidates for honorary degrees, the Vice-President, the Dean of the Chapel, and the President, atlength arrived within the huge building, the great organ's notes echoing tothe vaulted roof, and its component parts were seated in chancel and nave.The Chapel seats practically two thousand persons and almost everyseat was filled (hundreds of other would-be spectators crowding the neighboring streets eager to enter) when the services began with the announcement by Harold H. Swift, president of the Board of Trustees, who presided, that the invocation prayer would be offered by Dean Gilkey. It wasa prayer which breathed the spirit and aspiration of the whole ceremony,and to such a degree that it is placed at the head of the description whichhere attempts to portray the scene and to report the exercises which covered the greater part of two days.Mr. Swift, in introducing President Angell, the first of the speakerswho brought greetings and congratulations from the East, from the stateof Illinois, and from a neighboring university, said:The relations between the University of Chicago and Yale have always beencloser than with any other of the eastern institutions. From the Yale faculty cameWilliam Rainey Harper to the first presidency of the University of Chicago, and to theYale presidency eight years ago went the speaker who follows ; one who, as teacher,scholar, executive, and administrator, for twenty-five years filled increasingly important positions with us, which culminated in our acting presidency in 1019. Yale is notonly the alma mater of, but the first discoverer and beneficiary of, the gift of leadership possessed by our new President. It is gratifying, therefore, that the first word ofwelcome to him today should be spoken by his previous chief, as representing theeastern universities — our old friend, James Rowland Angell.4 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDPRESIDENT ANGELL'S ADDRESSWithout explicit authorization so to do, but well knowing their sentiments, Iunhesitatingly extend for the colleges and universities of the North Atlantic seaboardtheir sincerest congratulations to the University of Chicago upon this auspicious occasion and their most earnest good wishes to President Hutchins that his days may belong in the land and that he may ever see of the travail of his soul and be satisfied. Inthese felicitations, no institution may claim so large and so proud a share as the onewhich I have the honor to represent.Eight and thirty years ago a great creative scholar, then in his thirty-fourth year,left the Chair of Semitic Languages and Biblical Literature at Yale to become the firstPresident of the institution whose guests we are today. Endowed with constructiveimagination of amazing fertility, and with prophetic vision like that of the ancientHebrew seers, whose ringing periods he knew so well, inspired with indomitable courage and dauntless faith, and endowed with literally tireless energy, he brought to hisunprecedented task qualities which immediately caught the imagination and touchedthe pride of this great city, and of the whole Mississippi Valley. Generously supportedby the Founder and by the philanthropic boards which he created, Dr. Harper, withphenomenal discernment, gathered quickly around him an extraordinary group ofscholars of the very first quality and speedily won for the University a prestige forwhich many an older institution had long and vainly struggled.Yale is proud to remember that he chose many of her sons to be his aids: FrankFrost Abbott, Carl Darling Buck, Edward Capps, Clarence F. Castle, Henry H. Donaldson, George S. Goodspeed, Frank J. Miller, Eliakim Hastings Moore, Francis W.Shepardson, Frank B. Tarbell, A. Alonzo Stagg, George Edgar Vincent, and manyothers whose careers have reflected luster on the University and become an integralpart of her immortal history.And now again, Yale sends from her ranks another brilliant young man to standin Dr. Harper's place at the head of this noble institution. In the service of his almamater, his advancement has been nothing less than meteoric ; but, unlike the meteor,the sudden outburst of radiant energy has betrayed no sign of that imminent extinction in the black void of night which even the brightest meteor must expect. And wehave no doubt that those qualities of mind and heart which have endeared him to usand led us to place great responsibility upon his shoulders will be increasingly in evidence as he serves you here.In our judgment, not the least of his qualifications is Mrs. Hutchins — a gracious,charming gift of fortune whom he probably did not deserve, but whom, having won,he is entitled to be credited with.The great universities minister to the enduring needs of man, and, because theyso minister, they enjoy extraordinary length of life. Governments may come and go,nations rise and fall, but Oxford and Cambridge, Paris and Bologna flout the centuriesand go their stately way unharmed. And so, no doubt, it will be with our own. Themost venerable of our foundations, my own among them, were born under the Britishcrown, and some of them for nearly half of their existence so remained; yet for acentury and a half they have flourished no less under a free republic. Men will notsuffer them to perish, or undergo enduring harm. They are living wellsprings to whichmen look for the preservation and refreshment of their deepest intellectual and spiritual interests. Always and everywhere their contribution will be fixed by the qualityof the men who labor in them, and the community has hardly a greater stake than toTHE INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT HUTCHINSsee to it that in each generation a fair share of the noblest and best of the youth of thenation take service within their walls. And whatever their nominal form of governance, leadership must, and will, always be of crucial and decisive importance. Fortunate the university, which, like this one, where so many of my own happiest memoriesare enshrined, has chosen for its leader, from among the young men who see visions,one who has, as we believe, the genius and the wisdom to translate those visions intobeneficent and appropriate deeds— deeds which will insure for the University, at thisvital center of our national life, a steady and unswerving progress toward the fulfilment of that great destiny which has from its very birth been so obviously foreordained.In your great task, President Hutchins, your old friends wish you every successand give you Godspeed.The next speaker was thus introduced:In contrast to the older, privately endowed institutions of learning of the East,there has developed in the Middle West, the South, and the West, the state university,supported by taxes and public funds. The University of Illinois stands high in thisclassification and provides inspiration and leadership to many of the group. It is agreat pleasure to welcome here the executive head of the University of Illinois, whowill speak for the state universities — President David Kinley.GREETINGS ON BEHALF OF THE STATE UNIVERSITIESBY PRESIDENT DAVID KINLEYThere is a long-standing belief, indeed a tradition, that great universities andgreat cities must grow slowly; that they cannot be simply established. The establishment of the city of Gary has overthrown one of these traditions. The establishment ofthe University of Chicago has overthrown the other. Like Minerva, this great University sprang into life fully equipped for the work it was to do. From the first dayof her operation, she took her place with the great though older universities of the landand of the world. She has continued to occupy and to fill that place with growing distinction and increasing merit.I remember well the enthusiasm and high ideals with which her first President,the beloved and lamented William R. Harper, went about his task of initiating thework of this great institution. Without going into details, I may say that in the matters of scholastic performance, physical and financial provision, he set standards whichstartled the rest of the educational agencies of the country into renewed life. It wassaid, to be sure, that in offering distinguished scholars high salaries to attract themfrom other institutions he was holding out the only inducement that Chicago couldoffer. That statement would not be true now. The success of the inducement itselfestablished a new attraction, namely, the presence of these distinguished scholarswhose company others were glad and anxious to join. Moreover, Chicago has becomea center of culture, one of the most beautiful as well as one of the greatest cities of theworld. When her civic program is completed according to present plans, she will havefew equals in civic beauty. After President Harper established these new conditions, itbecame necessary for other institutions to follow his example of providing adequaterecompense and proper facilities for work of scholars in every line. In the seventies ofthe last century Johns Hopkins established a new standard of university work. In thenineties Chicago took her place upon that high level and at the same time establisheda new grade of professorial recognition. She has maintained her high place in both6 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDrespects and has through the years of her existence been an example and an inspirationto the other educational institutions of the country. She has been true to her mottoCrescat scientia, vita excolatur. She has increased knowledge and enriched life.Today, gentlemen of the Board of Trustees and of the Faculties of the University,you have put your standard into the hands of a new President. The unanimity ofyour choice and the acclaim with which it has been received are sufficient evidence ofits wisdom. Speaking for that class of institutions that have been established and aredirectly supported by the public of the various states, the state universities, and ontheir behalf, I offer you warmest congratulations on the splendor of your career, onyour choice of presidents, on the wisdom of your latest selection, and rejoice with youin the greatness of the opportunity that opens up before the University of Chicagounder his new leadership. I congratulate you, Mr. President, on the opportunity thatlies before you. In behalf and in the name of the state universities of the country, Iwish you all success and assure you that the representatives of these institutions willwatch your career, your activities, and policies as they develop with sympathy andgood will. The success of one university in any matter is an inspiration, an incentive,to all the others. Here is a field in which truly there is no evil result of competition.Your successes will spur the rest in their attempt to do good work, scholarly work, inthe interests of truth and of the public welfare, both through the education of youthand by the pursuit of research. You may rest assured of the full co-operation of thestate universities in the promotion of the great ideals that have inspired the life of theUniversity of Chicago. In their name, I bid you Godspeed and wish you and this greatinstitution the largest measure of success during your presidency. Speaking for ourown state university, I may add a special word of greeting. We have felt, we have believed, that the success of your University was our success; that your progress was ourprogress ; that your accomplishments were our accomplishments ; that what you havedone and have been has been an inspiration, an incentive to us through the years toseek larger spheres, better things, and to approach more nearly to the ideals that arecommon to both institutions. So you may rest assured of the sympathy and good willof the University of Illinois in our common endeavor to make life better for the peopleof the state and nation and to add to the measure of truth in all the lines of investigation in which we are either together or separately interested.I congratulate you again, gentlemen of the Board and Faculty ; and again, Mr.President, bid you Godspeed !Of President Scott, Mr. Swift said:It is fitting that our neighboring institutions, which have promoted the cause ofhigher education in this community for so many years, should be represented on thisoccasion ; and it is eminently fitting that their representitive should be one who hasrisen from the ranks of the faculty of Northwestern University to the highest positionthat that institution can bestow. He has in no small measure contributed to the advancement of scholarship and the widening of its scope of usefulness — President Walter Dill Scott, of Northwestern University.NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY'S GREETINGS AND CONGRATULATIONSBY PRESIDENT WALTER DILL SCOTTSpeaking as a university president, and the oldest in years of service in the entireChicago area, may I commend to you this community of which you have consented tobecome a member. The people of the Central West regard higher learning as a projectTHE INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT HUTCHINS 7of primary importance quite as much as do the people of any other part of America.Our forefathers of New England early recognized its importance and in the nineteenthyear after the first village was settled in New England an institution of higher learningwas organized and took the name of John Harvard, an eminent divine of that period.Not only did this New England college take the name of an official of an ecclesiasticalbody but its purpose in the beginning was primarily to train leaders for that particularecclesiastical body. Certain others of our older colleges indicated their loyalty to areigning dynasty and their readiness to train for the service of a distant potentate byadopting such a name as the College of William and Mary.The pioneers of the Central West exercised all possible haste in founding institutions of higher learning. Within this area such an institution assumed the responsibility of service to every type of religious organization and service to all constituted governmental agencies. It regarded itself as the agent, not of ecclesiastical or politicalorganizations, but as the agent of the people. It recognized responsibility only to thepeople and to all the people who might be thought of as coming within its sphere of influence. The territory of Illinois became a state in 18 18. Eleven years thereafter thefirst institution of higher learning was established within its borders. It took its namefrom that of the state and is known as Illinois College, located at Jacksonville. Chicago became a city in 1833. The first institution of higher learning in the city wasestablished eighteen years later and took its name, Northwest University, from theNorthwest Territory out of which the six states of the great Central West were at thattime being carved. The second institution of higher learning within the city of Chicago was organized in 1857. It took the name of the great metropolitan area whicheven at that time was foreseen as the metropolis of the great Central West. The newUniversity of Chicago was rechristened with the same name in 1892, and ever sincehas been true to the relationships thus implied.President Hutchins, you will find the people and all the people of this great community are interested in you and in your work. Their primary interest in the University of Chicago is not in the buildings on the campus, nor even in the laboratories andlibraries. They are interested in these only in so far as they may be used as tools tofacilitate the activities carried on by the personnel of the University. The people ofthis community recognize the fact that an institution is great only in so far as it isconstituted by great men. They place high hope in you because they believe that youare a great personality and that you will bring to the University of Chicago great men,and that you will provide conditions that will enable these men to render the greatestpossible service in training students, in rendering expert service to the community, andin adding to the sum total of human knowledge.The people of this community expect great things at your hands. This expectation is in part based on the fact that you will be supported and assisted by Mrs. Hutchins, a co-worker possessing artistic skill and wide sympathies, who is affable and attractive and who has already manifested the ability and the desire to bring all thesequeenly qualities to bear in a constructive way on the great opportunity that hereawaits you and awaits her.Northwestern University welcomes you, President Hutchins and Mrs. Hutchins,as efficient co-workers and as friendly neighbors. This community welcomes you aseducational leaders and as good .citizens.8 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDBefore he delivered his inaugural address President Hutchins was formally inducted into the office of President. In this part of the inaugurationMr. Swift said:The University of Chicago opened its doors October i, 1892, thirty-seven yearsago. There have been four Presidents of the institution, and while two of them havehad short terms of office, each administration has been notable for progress and accomplishment. When Dr. Harper was called to the first presidency, he replied that hewould not come to produce merely another college, but that if we wanted a great university he found the opportunity challenging and he would accept it. In those fewwords he set the keynote of the University of Chicago, and the members of the Faculties and the Board of Trustees have continually kept that precept in mind.You, Dr. Hutchins, come to the fifth presidency of the University. We have manyperplexing problems of our own, and difficult questions of educational policy and administration confront the whole educational world. But I believe we offer you commensurate compensation, the loyalty of Faculty members, of students, of graduates ofthe University, and of a devoted Board of Trustees, all eager to advance the greatcause of education and research, and all believing that you have such an opportunityas seldom comes to any man. We ask from you courage and vision, united with enthusiasm for scholarship ; we ask for zeal in the search for truth, and that our standardsbe held high; if there be mediocrity in our departments, that you see to it that itgive way to excellence. We ask for inspiration of our young men and young women,that they may go forth with equipment and enthusiasm to their various fields ofwork. We ask for broad human sympathy, high perspective on the values of humanlife, and helpfulness in the problems of our civilization.After a thorough search, extending over a period of nearly a year, the Joint Committee of Faculty and Trustees unanimously recommended your name to the Board ofTrustees for the presidency of the University, and by the unanimous action of theBoard of Trustees it is my honor and my great pleasure to confer upon you the presidency of the University of Chicago, with all its rights and responsibilities. In tokenthereof, the marshal will escort you to the President's chair [pause, President Hutchins escorted to the President's chair] and I announce to this assemblage that RobertMaynard Hutchins is become our fifth President.Mr. Swift expressed the regret felt by all that Ray Lyman Wilbur, secretary of the interior and president of Leland Stanford University, wasunavoidably detained in Washington and therefore the honorary degreeof Doctor of Laws which it had been voted to confer upon him could not bebestowed.President Hutchins' inaugural address, delivered without manuscriptor notes, was as follows:PRESIDENT HUTCHINS' INAUGURAL ADDRESSNo man can come to the presidency of the University of Chicago without beingawed by the University and its past. From the moment of its founding it took itsplace among the notable institutions of the earth. Through four administrations it hasheld its course, striving to attain the ideals established at the beginning and comingcloser toward its goal each year. Favored at the outset by unprecedented generosityand a strategic location, it has made the most of what God and man have given it. Itspresent position it owes even more to the devotion and ability of its Faculty than itdoes to the advantages, geographical and financial, with which it began. The guarantyHywcMW0<?-!OHQc/;«!&Mar-wc<y,><«CPiywTHE INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT HUTCHINS 9of its future is the devotion and ability of these men and women, who have set theirmark upon the University, so that whatever changes in organization may come, itsspirit will be the same.That spirit has been characterized by emphasis on productive scholarship, by emphasis on men before everything else, on work with and for Chicago, and on an experimental attitude. And these four characteristics will, I think, be the insignia of theUniversity's spirit to the end. At a time when most educators were chiefly concernedwith undergraduate teaching, President Harper assembled in the Middle West a community of scholars. Resisting all suggestions that the sole obligation of education wasthe training of the youth, he selected his Faculty for its eminence or promise in research. And so the University established itself in a decade as a significant and distinctively American achievement, giving new life to scientific investigation throughout thecountry, stimulating support and encouragement to scholars everywhere, and bringingthe research worker for the moment into his own.At Chicago he came into his own in the opportunities he received to prosecutehis investigations in his own way, without interference, with adequate compensation,and with the sympathy of the administration. He did not so quickly secure the buildings and equipment that would have saved hours of toil and inconvenience. The University, administration and Faculty, took the view that men were the first consideration, and that facilities for them must sooner or later appear. These Quadrangles arethe justification of that faith. But before one of them had arisen the University hadmade one of the great advances in the history of American education: it had established a maximum professorial salary more than double that prevailing in the UnitedStates. This action demonstrated the University's emphasis on men first of all ; it announced to the public that professors might be worth more than a bare living wage ;and it shocked the friends of other universities into helping them to provide their faculties with reasonable incomes. These salaries were not only higher than any thenpaid in education, but they were also comparable to those paid in business and theprofessions. They enabled the scholar of that day to take his place in society withconfidence and self-respect. The group that came together here under these conditionshas been the glory of the University for thirty-seven years. The presence of thatgroup has drawn other men to it. During long periods of necessary retrenchmenttheir spirit has kept men here. They have transmitted their spirit to their successors.From the beginning they hoped to make their work count beyond the borders ofthe University. Through extension and home study they attempted to affect the lifeof the people, particularly in and about Chicago. To them they brought a consciousness that the University wished to be their university, dedicated to the propositionthat all men are entitled to whatever education they can effectively utilize. Throughaffiliation with schools and colleges in the surrounding territory, the University assisted in the improvement of education at all levels. Although this contribution was perhaps not epoch-making, it illustrated the University's attitude toward its environment.That attitude in this and all other particulars was experimental. When, for example, the program of affiliation lost its usefulness, it was abandoned. In education itis too often forgotten that the essence of experimentation is that final decision is reserved until the experiment is complete. Policies adopted as experiments have a tendency to change into vested rights. At the University of Chicago, where the principaltradition has been that of freedom, it was natural that the true experimental attitudeshould flower. No one has been so sure that his work was perfect as to decline sug-10 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDgestions as to its improvement. No one has been so convinced that his work was important as to refuse the co-operation of others. In co-operation experiment after experiment has gone forward. Where one has succeeded the faculty has been gratifiedand sometimes surprised. Where one has failed they have tried something else.It is in this fashion that the University of Chicago has been most useful to American education. The University's value in the Middle West has been to try out ideas,to undertake new ventures, to pioneer. Partly because of its geographical position andpartly because of the number of teachers it has distributed up and down the country,its pioneering has been remarkably influential. In some cases the experience at Chicago has shown other universities what not to do ; in more it has opened new roads tobetter education and set new standards for the West. And that, I venture to think, isthe chief function of the University of Chicago. That function is as important todayas it was in 1891.In considering the performance of that function today, we think first of thework in which the University has been most eminent, that of research. Here we findthat one thing that has bothered the layman about research, particularly in the fieldwith which I am most familiar, that of social problems, is its remoteness from reality.He has assumed that the scholar was trying to understand the world about him ; hecould not observe that he often went into it. And it is true that the unfortunate circumstance that universities were founded by people who could read and were proudof it has tended to emphasize the importance of that exercise and to make the librarythe great center of scientific inquiry. In the law, for instance, scholars have for generations thought that their only material was the reported opinions of courts of lastresort. And students of the law of family relations who could not regulate their ownwould often reach conclusions as to the proper rules governing those of other peoplefrom an analysis of decisions handed down by judges whose domestic situation frequently left much to be desired. Today, on the other hand, students of social problemshave learned from students of the natural sciences that only by keeping in touch withreality can real life be understood. Students of government are studying the peoplewho do the governing and those they govern. Students of business are studying it asit works instead of speculating about it ; and legal scholars are examining the actualoperation and results of the legal system instead of confining themselves to the historyof phrases coined by judges and legislators long since dead. In this movement the University of Chicago has played an important part and must continue to do so. Andnaturally enough its work has been centered on this city and its surroundings.Through the co-operation of the Chicago superintendent of schools the Departmentof Education is working with teachers from three hundred public schools and conducting studies in seven of them. The School of Commerce and Administration iscarrying on research in fifteen or twenty local industries. The School of Social ServiceAdministration has revolutionized the treatment of the orphan in the city of Chicago.The Department of Hygiene and Bacteriology is in co-operation with the city healthoffice. The Local Community Research Committee, representing the social science departments, is managing fifty studies of the community. If the focus of research is theworld about us, the focus of research at this University should be primarily that partof the world about us called Chicago and the Chicago area. Research so focused isbringing up-to-date and giving a somewhat new accent to the University's traditionalinterest in its environment ; it is going far toward bringing scholarship in touch withTHE INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT HUTCHINS nlife as it is being lived today ; and it may eventually lead to some slight advance in thelife that is to be lived here tomorrow.With research so focused the necessity of co-operation within the University becomes increasingly clear. We are studying and proposing to study problems that donot fit readily into the traditional departmental pattern of a University. The roundedstudy of such a question as the family, for instance, would involve here the co-operation of eleven departments, from art to zoology, and of seven professional schools,from divinity to medicine. And so much has our attitude changed since departmentallines were laid down that a much narrower phenomenon, like radioactivity, would require a scarcely less representative attack. What co-operative research will mean tothe organization of this University is not yet clear. Much has been accomplished hereby informal committees like that on local community research ; other universities haveestablished formal institutes with the same aim. What is clear is that we must proceed to give opportunities for co-operation to those who have felt the need of them,without in any way coercing the lone research worker into co-operation. What isclear, too, is that we must regard the University as a whole, and consider the formulation of University programs rather than departmental or school policies. We shallshortly make important appointments in economics, education, psychiatry, home economics, pediatrics, the Graduate Library School, and the Law School. If those appointments are made with reference only to the specific needs of the specific departments, we shall doubtless secure a splendid series of individuals. If they can be madewith reference to University projects in the study of human problems, in which allthese departments are interested, we shall have a splendid group, each of whom willcontribute his special abilities to the common enterprise. To such common enterprisesthe architectural plan of the University is admirably adapted. And its organization,with the Medical School on the South Side in the Ogden Graduate School of Scienceand the Department of Education in the Graduate School of Arts and Literature,avoids some difficulties confronted elsewhere. We have therefore many advantages,not the least of which is the temper of the Faculty as revealed in the admirable cooperative work now under way. We should make the most of them by careful andcontinued attention to the possibilities of extending this type of effort into other fields.In such developments the place of the professional schools is important. Theyhave a dual obligation, the obligation to experiment with methods of educating first-rate professional men and the obligation to participate with the rest of the Universityin research. At the present moment there is nothing educational upon which there isless unanimity than the methods of professional training. The divinity schools are sodisturbed that they are having a survey of themselves conducted. The medical schoolshave been in ferment for almost twenty years. The law schools for half a centuryhave been subjected to the bitter criticism of the bar and one another. The schoolsof education are only now succeeding in making their own universities accept them aseducational experts. The schools of business are in grave doubt as to the effectivenessof their educational scheme. In such a situation it is obvious that one function of theprofessional schools at the University of Chicago is to experiment with methods ofinstruction which shall in all these fields contribute to the establishment of standardsof professional training.The graduate schools of arts, literature, and science, are, of course, in large partprofessional schools. They are producing teachers. A minority of their students becomeresearch workers. Yet the training for the doctorate in this country is almost uniform-12 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDly training in the acquisition of a research technique, terminating in the preparation of aso-called original contribution to knowledge. WThether the rigors of this process exhaustthe student's creative powers, or whether the teaching schedules in most colleges givethose powers no scope, or whether most teachers are without them is uncertain. Whatis certain is that most Ph.D.'s become teachers and not productive scholars as well. Theirproductivity ends with the dissertation. Under these circumstances the University ofChicago again has a dual obligation: to devise the best methods of preparing men forresearch and creative scholarship and to devise the best methods of preparing men forteaching. Since the present work of graduate students is arranged in the hope thatthey will become investigators, little modification in it is necessary to train those whoplan to become investigators. In the course of time it will doubtless become less rigidand more comprehensive, involving more independence and fewer courses. But themain problem is a curriculum for the future teacher. No lowering of requirementsshould be permitted. No one should be allowed to be a candidate for the Ph.D. whowould not now be enrolled. In fact the selection of students in the graduate schoolson some better basis than graduation from college seems to me one of the next mattersthe University must discuss. But assuming that this is settled, and assuming that astudent who plans to be a teacher has been given a sufficient chance at research to determine his interest in it, his training should fit him as well as may be for his profession. This means, of course, that he must know his field and its relation to the wholebody of knowledge. It means, too, that he must be in touch with the most recent andmost successful movements in undergraduate education, of which he now learns officially little or nothing. How should he learn about them ? Not in my opinion by doingpractice teaching upon the helpless undergraduate. Rather he should learn about themthrough seeing experiments carried on in undergraduate work by the members of thedepartment in which he is studying for his degree, with the advice of the Departmentof Education, which will shortly secure funds to study college education. Upon theproblems of undergraduate teaching his creative work should be done. Such a systemplaces a new responsibility upon the departments, that of developing ideas in collegeeducation. But it is a responsibility which I am sure they will accept in view of thehistory and position of the University of Chicago. Such a system means, too, that different degrees will doubtless have to be given to research people, the Ph.D. remainingwhat it chiefly is today, a degree for college teachers. But however opinions may differon details, I am convinced, as are the Deans of the Graduate Schools, the Dean of theColleges, and the Chairman of the Department of Education, that some program recognizing the dual objectives of graduate study, the education of teachers and the education of research men, must be tried at the University of Chicago.Some such program would help to clarify the function of the undergraduate colleges in this University, which has remained uncertain through the years. The emphasis on productive scholarship that has characterized the University from the beginning and must characterize it to the end has naturally led to repeated question asto the place and future of our colleges. They could not be regarded as traininggrounds for the graduate schools, for less than 20 per cent of their students went onhere in graduate work. Nor did the argument that we should contribute good citizensto the Middle West make much impression on distinguished scholars anxious to getahead with their own researches. They were glad to have somebody make this contribution, but saw little reason why they should be elected for the task. At times,therefore, members of the Faculty have urged that we withdraw from undergraduateFrom the painting by Harry DavenportTHE NEW PRESIDENT'S WIFE"A Gracious, Charming Gift of Fortune"THE INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT HUTCHINS 13work or at least from the first two years of it. But we do not propose to abandon ordismember the colleges. And this is not for sentimental or financial reasons. If theUniversity's function is to attempt solutions of difficult educational problems, totry to illuminate dark and dubious fields, it cannot retreat from the field of undergraduate work, so dark and dubious today. Furthermore, retreat would make impossible the development in graduate study that I have just described. If the departmentsare to experiment with the education of teachers, they must work out their ideas inthe college here. Nor does this apply to the Senior College alone: for the whole question of the relation of the first two years of college to the high school on the one handand the Senior College on the other is one of the most baffling that is before us. Instead of withdrawing from this field, we should vigorously carry forward experiments in it. In the colleges of the country there are students who in respect to anygiven subject are of two types: those who wish to specialize in it and those who simply wish to know what it is about. It does not follow that because a student takes oneof these attitudes toward one field he must take the same attitude toward all. Almostevery student is interested in something. In that he should carry on a large amount ofwork on his own, free from restrictions, the routine of the classroom, and the retarding effect of his less able or less interested contemporaries. In other areas of knowledge, with which he wishes to cultivate a mere speaking acquaintance, there is noreason why he should not be given what he wants, information and stimulation, andthe more important of these is stimulation. Certain subjects apart, there is no evidence that this cannot best be done through large lecture courses. All the evidence isthe other way. The theory that the smaller the class the better the result, irrespectiveof the ability of teacher or students, finds no support in experience in dealing withclasses where the chief aim is inspiration. Their interests will doubtless be served bestby giving them the most inspiring lecturers that can be found and letting the size ofthe group take care of itself. Any such scheme of pass and honors work should be keptso flexible that if a student should by chance be stimulated to an interest in a subjecthe might transfer to honors in it. On this basis the plan might meet the needs of theAmerican undergraduate. Obviously, it places our colleges definitely in the scheme ofthings at this University. For the program calls for experiments by each departmentwith pass work and honors work in its own field, in the hope of devising the bestmethods of dealing with both types of students.But experiments in education presuppose men to carry them out. It cannot toooften be repeated that it is men and nothing but men that make education. If thefirst Faculty of the University of Chicago had met in a tent, this would still have beena great University. Since the time when that Faculty gathered student numbers haveswollen to an unprecedented extent; tremendous gifts have been made for specialprojects; and the rewards in business and the professions have mounted to heightsnever before dreamed of. The increase in student numbers, coupled with the desire todeal with them in small classes, has inevitably led to the expansion of the Faculty.Gifts representing the special interests of the donors have required additional appointments. The University has received $53,000,000 in cash or pledges since 1919.But only $7,000,000 of this sum was free to be used for general salary purposes, inspite of the noble efforts of my predecessors to carry on the University's traditionalpreference for giving first-rate rewards to first-rate men. As a result the professorialmaximum, which is more important than the professorial average, has increased $3,000in thirty-seven years. Meanwhile more and more of our best college graduates have14 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDbeen dissuaded from a scholarly career by the characteristic American feeling thatthere must be some connection between compensation and ability. It is hopeless totry to combat that feeling. What we must do is to meet it by paying salaries in education that will attract the best men in competition with business and the professions.Comparisons of salaries among universities are irrelevant and harmful. For the question is: Can we now get the kind of men we want to go into education ? Since no university can answer this question in the affirmative, it can derive little satisfaction fromthe thought that its salaries are as low as those of neighboring institutions. And theexpression of satisfaction does positive damage in leading the public to think that thismatter has been settled. It will never be settled until America is willing to pay enoughto induce its best brains to go into the education of its offspring and stay there. Itwill never be settled until professorial salaries are such as to make scholarship respected in the United States. This object will not be attained as long as professors mustcarry on outside work or teach every summer to keep alive. Nor will it be attained ifthey must live in conditions that scarcely provide them with the decencies of life.Nor shall we come much closer to it as long as our people feel that the scholar receives a substantial share of his compensation in the permanence of his tenure. I donot mean that salaries in education must be identical with those in business. Nor do Iwant men to go into education to make money. But on the other hand no man shouldbe; kept out of education by the certainty that he will have to live in fear of his creditors all his days, or by the feeling that the profession is a refuge for mediocrity. Theonly method by which we shall approach our goal is by paying salaries that will enable the universities to compete with the business world for the best men. And thispolicy I believe the Board of Trustees of the University of Chicago will put into effectas rapidly as its funds permit.It is a policy about which there is nothing revolutionary. It is simply what wasdone here in 1891. To carry it out we must husband our existing resources, makingsure that we are spending them on first-rate men for first-rate work; we must perhaps ask the student in some schools to make a larger contribution toward the cost ofhis education ; and we must focus the attention of the public upon the fact that onlythrough general funds for salaries can a university hope to retain its outstanding menand bring in others to join them. In this way we may carry on the greatest traditionof the University of Chicago. In this way, too, perhaps, we may give strength to itsother traditions of experiment and productive scholarship centered upon the problemsof our city. So may we make the future worthy of the past. So may we continue topioneer and set new standards for the West. So may we justify the faith of theFounder, the confidence of the community, and the aspirations of the men and womenwho have labored here to build the greatness of this University.The University of Chicago has been sparing in conferring honorarydegrees, only sixty-one having been bestowed up to this time. It was withparticular joy and emphatic approval, however, that two men were chosento receive the high honor of the degree of Doctor of Laws — Martin An-toine Ryerson and William James Hutchins, the first a co-founder of theUniversity, the other the father of the new President. In presenting Mr.Ryerson Dean Gordon J. Laing said:Mr. President: On behalf of the University Senate, I have the honor to presentMr. Martin A. Ryerson.THE INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT HUTCHINSBorn in Michigan, Mr. Ryerson was educated in France and it was there that heacquired that command of the French language that has enabled him ever since tospeak it like a native. And it was in the galleries, studios, and salons of Paris that hefirst developed that interest in art, the high cultivation of which has meant so muchfor the enrichment of his own life and that of the city of Chicago. He has a wide andcomprehensive control of the subject. He can walk into a dealer's studio in Paris orRome and pick out an old master with unerring accuracy, and while his main interestand the chief glories of his own collection are in the works of the late nineteenth- andearly twentieth-century artists, his knowledge ranges from Italian primitives down tothe products of the modernistic school. He is sane in judgment, sound in criticism, andexpert in appreciation. He does not commend a primitive because it is old; he does notcondemn the academicians because their point of view is different from that of themodernists, nor does he execrate the modernists because they have departed from themethods and ideals of the academicians. By his work in the organization and development of the Art Institute, of which he has been a director and honorary president formany years, he has conferred a priceless benefit upon Chicago and the Middle West.Nor is this the only field in which he has manifested high qualities. He has from theirbeginning taken an active part in the organization and growth of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, the Grand Opera Company, and the Field Museum. To education,both national and local, he has made a contribution of especial significance. He is amember of the Board of the Rockefeller Foundation, of the Carnegie Institution ofWashington, of the O. S. A. Sprague Memorial Institute, and for thirty years, from1892 to 1922, he was president of the Board of Trustees of the University of Chicago,and so is one of those who have guided the policies of the University through its formative period. No one knows the University more intimately than Mr. Ryerson: itscurriculum, its ideals, its laboratories, its library, and its Press. His hand has beenupon everything, and it has always helped. Even the plans of the buildings have beenpassed upon by him, and in the final determination of the design for this statelyChapel in which we meet today he was one of those who played an important part.And he has accomplished all these things in a life crowded with directorships and allthose other activities that belong to the great affairs of the business world. It is not aform of eulogy but a matter of fact that in all that pertains to the higher artistic, intellectual, and spiritual life of the community, he is Chicago's first citizen.I present him as a candidate for the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws.In bestowing the degree, President Hutchins declared that the degreewas conferred "for intelligent, farseeing, and devoted leadership throughout the history of this University and in appreciation of his eminent andenduring service to the city of Chicago both through the cultivation of thefine arts and through influential participation in every important movement for the civic or cultural betterment of the community."No one who participated in the ceremonies attendant upon the inauguration can forget the delightful and dramatic occasion when theyoung President, himself a President but for a few minutes, conferred thedegree upon his white-haired father, for years a teacher and a collegepresident. It was not surprising, it was, indeed, touching, that the son'svoice faltered as he spoke the significant words bestowing the degree.In presenting President Hutchins, the senior, Dean Charles H. Juddsaid:i6 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDOn behalf of the University Senate, I have the honor to present William JamesHutchins, president of Berea College.William James Hutchins was born in Brooklyn, New York, on July 5, 187 1. Hewas graduated from Yale University with the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1892. Hewas graduated from Union Theological Seminary in 1896. After serving for elevenyears as pastor of the Bedford Avenue Presbyterian church in Brooklyn, he transferred to the Oberlin Graduate School of Theology, where he was professor of homi-letics for thirteen years. During this period he made notable contributions to theliterature of theology. In 1920, he became President of Berea College. His administration of that institution has resulted in a complete reconstruction of its material equipment. Far more important is the fact that the standards of work have been raised toa level where they have become an example and inspiration to all the institutions inthe southern states.It was the unanimous desire of the Senate of the University of Chicago to recognize his achievements in theology and in educational administration. It is especiallyappropriate that the recognition should find expression on this occasion, which for personal as well as professional reasons, furnishes a happy opportunity to acknowledgehis contribution to American education.Mr. President, I present William James Hutchins for the degree of Doctor ofLaws.The degree, it was said, was conferred "in recognition of a singularlyhappy union of the qualities of minister, teacher, and college administrator whereby he has made a contribution of the first order to education inthe United States."These most interesting events of the morning brought to a conclusionthe ceremony of inauguration.THE LUNCHEON TO DELEGATES"One wave did on another tread, so fast they followed." The delegatesfrom universities and colleges were entertained at luncheon by the University in Hutchinson Hall. The great hall whose walls are covered with portraits of men and women who have helped to write the University's historywas filled with the visiting educators, special guests, and representativesof alumni associations.Vice-President Woodward, who presided during the after-dinnerspeech-making, welcomed the University's guests :The University is highly complimented and almost embarrassed by the generousresponse to the invitation to sister-institutions to be represented at this inauguration.The friendly interest and good will evidenced by your presence today are deeply appreciated, and we hope that you will take back to your homes not only pleasant memories of this occasion but the assurance of our gratitude. It would not be tactful, perhaps, for me in this presence to issue to you a cordial invitation to come again whenwe have our next inauguration. But I can say, without fear of disciplinary action,that we hope that, without waiting for that occasion, you will find frequent opportunity to visit the University of Chicago. With the high salaries upon which we are already counting, your friends on the Faculty will be able to entertain you liberally, ifnot lavishly ; and, with the freshly stimulated efforts of our social scientists, the city ofChicago will soon become a spectacle which none of you can afford to miss.THE INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT HUTCHINS 17Furthermore, we shall be happy to provide you with the rare opportunity, inseason, of seeing in action a football team which is certified to be 9944 per cent pure.Unfortunately, the certificate does not include a guaranty that it will not sink ! I amforced to confess that it has not yet completely vindicated the confident assertion ofSir Galahad,"My strength is as the strength of ten,Because my heart is pure."But if we can find one good backfield man who is both incorruptible and expeditious,we hope to do better next year.The Committee in charge of the formal exercises this morning were very anxiousto put our first speaker on their program. I was equally interested in saving him forthis less formal occasion, and I succeeded in persuading the Committee that four university presidents were quite enough for one sitting, and that the delegates were entitled to light refreshments before being called upon to listen to a fifth.Of President Chase it need only be said that, as his vision, his courage, and hisexecutive ability have carried the University of North Carolina to a high place in theranks of American universities, so his modesty, his generosity, and his friendlinesshave won for him a warm place in our affections. President Chase.THE PUBLIC RESPONSIBILITY OF UNIVERSITIESADDRESS BY HARRY W. CHASE, PRESIDENT OF THE UNIVERSITY OFNORTH CAROLINAI am very happy, Mr. President, to greet you today, and to extend to you, if Imay, the felicitations of that now vanished but still romantic country that up to a fewmonths ago was known as the solid South. I congratulate you, and the University ofChicago, on this joining of your fortunes. May it be a long and happy union.We who are engaged in higher education are, I suppose, all attempting nowadaysto clarify our thought about the significance of our processes in the light of the unprecedented situation with regard to higher education which has come to pass in America. Figures assembled in the Bureau of Education show that there were enrolled in1928 in all institutions of higher education 920,270 students, and that these institutionsgranted in that year a total of 118,716 degrees of all sorts. At the beginning of thecentury there were enrolled in such institutions less than two hundred thousand students; today there are nearly a million.Let us assume, if you like, that the saturation point has been reached. Even so,we are dealing with a situation unprecedented in the history of the world. On theirpresent bases, our institutions for higher education will during the next decade sendout almost a million and a quarter men and women who hold liberal or professionaldegrees.The members of a group like this will naturally differ in far more ways than theyagree. They will come from every type of institution — the small college, the university, the professional school. They will be found in every type of business and profession, every income-tax bracket, every variety of residence from mansion to penitentiary, every sort of social level, and in all the nooks and corners of the earth. They willbe alike, at any rate, in the fact that one and all they completed the requirements aslaid down in the catalogue under which they entered for the degrees set after theirnames and received in token thereof a square of real or imitation parchment enrollingthem in the company of the competent, the skilled, and the learned.I do not believe we know very much about any other distinguishing character-i8 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDistics of this group, or of the present group of college and university alumni in America. Are they, as a group, in any way to be distinguished from the general population?We do know that more of them get into Who's Who, fortunately for the size of thatvolume. We know that in certain occupations they make more money, that they monopolize certain others, such as medicine, and that most of them are distinguished byan insatiable appetite for football tickets on the fifty-yard line. But of how their attitudes and interests have been altered, and whether they are in any deep and genuinesense to be set apart from the non-college-trained, we know nothing at all.And yet here is a question of the highest importance for the future of America.What leaven is there in this group ? Will this great increase in higher education raisethe level of thought, of taste, or intelligent interest in public affairs, of devotion to thecommon good ?Higher education in America grew out of the idea that it was essential to thepublic good. It has always been a matter of deep public concern. There is no institution for higher education, however maintained or controlled, which does not conceiveof itself as a public servant. That task is a great deal more difficult today than it hasever been. Not only have student bodies enormously multiplied, but the social andeconomic order is transformed. And we are sending out into this intricate and delicately adjusted environment of ours a hundred and twenty thousand graduates a year,as against 10,114 as recently as 1880. It is easy enough to see the magnitude of our responsibility. It is more difficult to characterize it more definitely.Let me illustrate what I mean. I came from a section of the country which in recent years has been feeling acutely the shock of the impact of modern industrial civilization in contact and sometimes in acute conflict with a characteristic culture of itsown. I put the case deliberately in general terms, for what is happening in the Southtoday is not confined to any particular industry or locality, but has to do with the general problem of adaptation, under a good deal of stress and strain here and there, tocertain fundamental ways of modern industrial civilization as a whole. Now the striking things about such a situation are two, whether in the industrial field, the attemptto delimit what may or may not be taught, and so on. There is, first, the high degreeof emotionalism that develops all around, with consequent intolerance and hardeningof sentiment on both sides. There is, second, the fact that there is nothing in any waynovel about what is going on. Every inch of the same ground has been fought overbefore ; the very gestures and epithets are all familiar to the student of history ; thesame methods have been adopted, the same moves and countermoves worked out.Now out of such a situation two questions have seemed to me to emerge. How, andto what extent, is it possible to substitute in such conflicts light for heat, intelligencefor emotionalism ; and, second, how far, through increased understanding of the modern world, is it possible to learn some things vicariously from the experience of others?I do not know the answers to those questions, but I do believe that with them universities have an intimate concern.What I have said of the South has been said merely by way of illustration. It isprecisely because such attitudes are not sectional, but human, that they concern us all.It concerns us, first, to maintain in these days of multiple distractions the place of theintellect in life. Walter Lippman has recently said that what distinguishes our civilization from all previous ones is that it is slowly learning the technique of finding truth ;that this technique, developed in the sciences, is rapidly extending to business, and invarying and lesser degrees to other phases of our organized life. We are coming to seeTHE INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT HUTCHINS 19that there is no field in which the attitudes and techniques of science do not yield results.From such a point of view the concern of universities cannot be limited to theolder disciplines ; it is coextensive with fife itself, as a process which, from whateverangle we view it, lends itself to understanding and control by precisely those intellectual techniques that are at the core of the university creed. The intellectual tone ofuniversities resides not in this or that particular curriculum but in the spirit in whichthey do their work, and in their success in inculcating that spirit in their students.After all, if our graduates are not to be distinguished by the fact that, a little morethan other people, they have become infected by such an ideal, we may as well beginto doubt their social value.The second point that I want to make is that we must somehow contrive thatthese young men and women take away with them a more orderly understanding ofmodern fife as an environment in which the individual must somehow find happinessand goodness as well as material success. I was recently much interested in two prize-winning essays by college students published in a magazine of national circulation.One was written by a student in a large eastern university, the other by a graduate ofa small college in another section. The points of view were strikingly different. Whatstayed with me was the fact that the young woman in the small college had done something that the university student had not. She had worked out an orderly relationshipto her world. It was, if you please, a simpler world and there were in it narrower possibilities of adjustment, but the job had got itself done. She knew what she thoughtof life and what she wanted from it. Now it is just the necessity of such an adjustmentas a whole that the modern university, with its multitude of courses and its intensespecializations, may tend to overlook. But our need is not only for knowledge but forordered and unified knowledge. We know little enough at best about the satisfyinghuman life in the intricate world we live in. If we can make life for our graduates alittle less a process of blind trial and error, if we can bring to bear on their problems alittle more systematically the accumulated experiences of the race, we shall have donea valuable public service.In every great period in the history of education, men have tried to face squarelythe problem of what people needed to know and to do to live happily and finely in theparticular environment of their time and place. There are abundant signs that theuniversities of today are not unmindful of this problem. Promising experiments aregoing forward. How shall we combine the advantages of specialization with the cryingneed for broad cultural backgrounds that give some understanding of the world as awhole ? I do not know the answer to that question, but I do know that we need to beexperimental-minded about our own institutions. We must apply to the examinationof the process of higher education itself more and more the same techniques and methods that contribute in any field to increase understanding and control. We are still toomuch governed by opinion and tradition in our own field, though happily fact gainson opinion year by year.What I have been trying to say is, of course, very simple and obvious. It amountsto saying that the central tasks of universities are what they always have been: toteach respect for the things of the intellect and to facilitate satisfactory adjustments tolife ; those were the tasks of the early universities, as they are ours. But the difficultyabout principles is that they have a habit of not remaining mere abstractions. Theyget embodied in concrete acts and situations and habits that fit a particular age. And20 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDthen, being human, we forget the principle and remember the formula. After awhile,perhaps, conditions change, and then the formula goes on, even though it may haveceased to embody the principle that gave it birth. The common law, for example, embodied originally the principles of justice in a simple civilization, but we all know thatunder modern industrial conditions the very formulas that originally were the embodiment of that very principle have sometimes worked in exactly the opposite direction.Universities are social institutions. Like all the institutions that man has created,their thought about principles tends to crystallize into habits, and the habits are likelyto loom larger in our minds than the principles from which they were originally derived. Now at a time when suddenly we find about i per cent of our population enrolled in institutions for higher education, and when the need for satisfying adjustments to a new civilization is becoming increasingly evident, it seems clear enough thatwe must set ourselves resolutely to a re-examination of our practices, under such radically altered conditions, in terms of the fundamental principles in which we all believe.Surely there is nothing sacrosanct about the matter, the methods, or the organizationof universities. They are all concrete expressions of a deeper reality ; they are deviceswhich are good only so long as they are useful. We need the insight to revalue them,and the courage to discard and add and modify in the light of our immense public responsibility, and of the new needs of our own day.The spirit of universities is immortal, but the tongues in which they speak tomen must change with the changing years. Now it is the tongue of an Abelard as hegathers his students on the hillside beyond the Paris gate, and again it is the voice ofthose who bring light and leading to men from the halls of the great institution wherewe are met today. But always through the centuries, if a university be true to thefaith in which it was created, it sets itself resolutely to the task of its own day withvision and with courage.It is because this University has such a history of courage and of vision that wecongratulate you today, Mr. President, on the task which is yours.The next speaker was Professor Gordon J. Laing, of whom Mr. Woodward said:That university is fortunate, certainly, which has upon its staff a man who is ascholar and an administrator, and at the same time generously willing and abundantlyable to speak for the University on any occasion. Such a man is the Professor of Latin,Editor of the University Press, and Dean of the Graduate Schools of Arts and Literature. When it was decided that the Faculty should have a spokesman on this occasion,there was no doubt or hesitation. The choice was inevitable. It gives me great pleasureto present Dean Gordon Laing.ADDRESS BY DEAN LAINGMr. Toastmaster, President Hutchins, Ladies, and Gentlemen: I am here, I amsure, only as a representative of the Committee on Inauguration, which under thegenial, beneficent, and highly efficient chairmanship of Mr. Laird Bell has devoted itself to the multiplex arrangements of this stately and impressive academic function.It meant of course a good deal of work, but that is more than compensated for by thegreat pleasure we have in seeing you here today. To be precise as to the labor involved, it took us five luncheons — real luncheons — at the Union League Club andthree meetings in the dining-room of the Quadrangle Club at lunch time to perfectTHE INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT HUTCHINS 21our plans. After all, this seems fairly expeditious when we remember that it took theCommittee on the Nomination of a President sixteen dinners — real dinners — at theChicago Club and at the lowest estimate two hundred Perf ecto cigars to find a president. Obviously, it is a simpler thing to install than to catch a president !Not that I wish to minimize or in any way disparage the work of the Committeeon Inauguration. I see Mr. Bell and other members of that Committee here and anyone of them will confirm and probably supplement anything I may say about themagnitude of our task and the aggressiveness, vigor, and energy we displayed at thoseluncheons and the fast work we did there. I remember well last August — for the felldesign of an inauguration was hatched while President Hutchins was in Europe — thatone of our number — he was by far the best trencher-man of us all — settled one of ourknottiest problems between two bites of a soft-shell crab ! It was perhaps the snappiest decision of all the brilliant solutions we reached in the course of that long andmost enjoyable series of gastronomic adventures.One of our chief difficulties was that we had no inaugural traditions. To be surethe absence of traditions has never troubled us much. in this institution. Both studentsand Faculty have always had a way of disregarding traditions, or, if necessary, blandly assuming them, albeit in a somewhat vague, Undefined, and general way. For it iswell known that the very first students who came here in 1892 gathered in front ofCobb Hall and sang "Old Varsity" before the varnish on the door was dry— sang it,indeed, with that lyric throb heard only when the heart is touched by subtle suggestion of ancient academic halls, dim vaulted chapels, and sequestered quadrangles. Butthe case of our Committee was different. We could not meet our obligations by singing a song. We had work to do, and we had no precedent. If Dr. Harper or any ofthe other presidents had a formal inauguration, we had no record of it before us. Indeed, we had no room for books of record or documents on the table. But when Dr.Hutchins was appointed everyone felt that we must change our ways and signalize soauspicious an event with proper function. Hinc Mae lacrimaelSurely the consummation of our plans in the ceremony of this morning has demonstrated the wisdom of the project. The sight of that procession alone was worth allthe efforts of the Committee. There along the Midway Plaisance, where a generationago in the old days of the World's Fair of 1893 harlequins and merry-andrews jested,where soubrettes from the banks of the Nile lured, where fakirs from India plied theirtrade, and where trained fleas broke for the first time into the educational world —there moved that stately procession of six hundred delegates and Faculty, who by thevaried colors of their gowns and hoods openly acknowledged the institutions to whosetheories of education they had at some time, recent or remote, been exposed and whichthey had apparently survived. And not often, as we see at this luncheon now, havegowns and hoods covered so infinite a variety of tweeds, worsteds, and dress goods ofpleasing sartorial cut, appealing symphony of color tone, graceful lines of drapery,and devastating stylistic effectiveness.As to the installation in our ancient Chapel, it was marked by a geniality that noother convocation that I have ever attended has shown. At most of our convocationsthe light that filters through the rich colors of our medieval, stained-glass windowsfalls on faces whose rigid intensity and inky gloom seem to deny not only for thatfunction but for any occasion the capacity of laughter or the faculty to smile. President Hutchins bore the installation well. When those who were greeting him peeredover the edge of the pulpit to drop their congratulations into his lap, he smiled as if he22 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDreally enjoyed it. That attitude on his part is, of course, partly due to the quality ofthe man ; but it is also due, to some extent, to the work of the Committee on Inauguration. For it was we who chose those men to deliver the greetings. We didn't choosethem lightly; it was only after careful cogitation and the most meticulous scrutinythat we selected them. If we had chosen men of a different type, we should not behere now, comfortably digesting our luncheon: we should still be over in the Chapel,wondering if we were ever going to get any luncheon.This luncheon will always be thought of as one of the great gatherings of notables that have taken place in this our historic Gothic hall. It will rank with that luncheon at which we entertained the Prince of Wales a few years ago, when we drank hisroyal highness' health in three-star Lake Michigan water; and it will rank, too, withthat luncheon held in 1917 or '18, when the French minister, Viviani, and MarshalJ off re were our guests. On that occasion the flower of the Faculty and Faculty wivesand the top of the town were here ; and everyone who was present will remember howM. Viviani by his eloquence made the eyes of even hard-boiled males glisten, and reduced many of the ladies to tears — especially those who did not understand a word ofhis French. Afterward, on being asked by their relatives why they cried when theycouldn't understand what he was saying, they said that they felt the French. Surelyhere is a new field for psychologists and teachers of language, for there seems to beimplied the existence of some hitherto unknown, subconscious faculty of linguistic intelligence that is wholly independent of the knowledge of the meaning of words. Butif the ladies didn't understand Viviani's French, they didn't miss one word of MarshalJoffre's, because he didn't speak a word! He simply stood upon the platform andlooked French.This is the beginning of the University of Chicago's fifth inning, and the President has already made a hit. We here, as you all in your various institutions, are confronting an unparalleled situation in education. It is an age of transition, not only incollege but in university education. The old system of lesson-learning and lesson-reciting is passing away. We are now making students do more work by themselves,and thus training them to be self-reliant. Science has long since passed the state ridiculed by the English satirist when he described the Professor who devoted his wholelife to the extraction of sunbeams from cucumbers, with a view to the storing up ofheat for the warming of residences ! Today, in medicine, industry, and every phase oflife, the contributions of science are so obvious that he who runs may read. The socialsciences at last have come together, and we may expect, as a result of their co-operative work, influences bearing on society that will vie with the discoveries of pure science. Even in the humanities scholars who have spent much of their time in the investigation of minute problems are now turning to larger and more comprehensivestudies. And in all these new movements, in these higher ideals of university life, we,under our new leader, hope to have some part.And then President Hutchins, whom Mr. Woodward introduced, asfollows:I have been informed that our next and last speaker has offered a substantial reward to the first toastmaster who introduces him without a reference, or even an allusion, to a certain fact about him which lies in the field of vital statistics. I am determined to collect that reward ; and, in my effort to do so, I am reminded of one ofDr. Gilkey's Scotch stories, which he has permitted me to use. At the funeral of a distinguished Edinburgh physician, two of his friends developed a difference of opinionTHE INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT HUTCHINS 23as to his age, and one of them said, "It will be easy to find out ; I shall go up, and, asI pass by the casket, I shall take a look at the brass plate on it." He did so, but cameback with a look of disappointment on his face. "Well, how old is he?" asked hisfriend. "I don't know," he replied, "All it says on the plate is, 'Dr. John McKenzie:Office Hours, 11 to 12 and 3 to 4.' " Ladies and gentlemen, the President of the University.PRESIDENT HUTCHINS SPEAKSI wish first, if I may, to apologize for the Vice-President. I wish to apologize forhis rudeness. I hope that you will all live long enough to attend the next inauguration !I wish to say, too, that the Vice-President is too ambitious. He said that he wanted afullback who was both incorruptible and expeditious. As a Yale man, my demandswill be satisfied by having him expeditious !I wish, too, to thank Dean Laing for the explanation that he has advanced withreference to my selection for my present post. Explanations have been advanced byother people, none of which have been satisfactory to me. He explained it by sayingthat I was chosen through the haze of two hundred Perfecto cigars. That is an adequate explanation when you consider the Chicago atmosphere !I am embarrassed on this occasion by seeing on my immediate right the gentleman from whom I learned all that I know about universities — which isn't verymuch. And I see sitting in the dim distance Professor Llewellyn, of the Columbia LawSchool, from whom I learned all the law that I know ; and, on the right, Dean Harris,of the Tulane Law School, who, as a classmate of mine in law school, enabled me toget through by allowing me to copy my examinations over his shoulder. Mr. Shles-inger, executive secretary of the Institute of Human Relations, who is under a tablesomewhere now, wrote all my articles at the Yale Law School ; and Miss Hadley, theregistrar of the school, also somewhere in the room, did all the work for which I received all the credit. And if my so-called career at the Yale Law School is in any wayresponsible for my election to the presidency of the University, Miss Hadley has beendone out of a good job.I am, finally, embarrassed by the consideration that I have on my immediate left,and was introduced by, the gentleman who does all my work at the present time. Thearrangement we have is admirable ; I take the credit and he takes the blame ! As longas the University is run by Frederic Woodward, we may be sure that it is well run.My sole function on this occasion is to express to him the gratitude I feel tohim for all that he has done for us, and to thank the Committee on Inauguration,whose labors, if not quite as complicated as Dean's Laing's verbiage, were still sufficiently difficult for persons of their capacity !I have, in conclusion, to tell you how grateful we are to you for coming here atthe expense of your respective institutions, how much we appreciate the interest youhave taken in us, and to convey to you our congratulations that you have ventured tomake your interest clear.THE INAUGURATION DINNERIn the ballroom of the Palmer House on the evening of Tuesday, November 19, there assembled as guests of the University nearly nine hundred citizens of Chicago and other distinguished persons at the dinner inhonor of President and Mrs. Hutchins. These guests were seated at nine-24 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDty-two tables. After dinner there were three addresses. Mr. Swift, who withdignity, humor, and good sense served as toastmaster, spoke first of thesignificance of this day dedicated to education. "Education is not a panacea, but we believe it is the principal reason for the advance in civilization, such as there has been, and the increased happiness throughout theworld. In the fields of social science it is finding a way to improve humanrelationships ; in the physical and biological realms it is widening the horizon of our vision ; in the arts it is increasing our capacity for enjoymentand for usefulness; and in medicine it is making discoveries that will alleviate human suffering and will lengthen the span of life. Certainly, education occupies a high place and one of ever increasing importance amongstus. We are, as a nation, carrying out Macaulay's belief, that the firstbusiness of a state is the education of its citizens ; and there is certainlypoint to the President's suggestion this morning that the educator ought tobe a qualified person, for otherwise we fail in one of the nation's greatestenterprises. We think that the University of Chicago and the colleges anduniversities of the country are justifying their existence. Naturally, wehope to see them do the work better ; but we believe that they do justifythemselves. If that is true, we are justified in bringing a new President tothe University of Chicago, and we are justified in permitting a citizen ofthis city to come to greet him."Continuing, Mr. Swift introduced Mr. Charles H. Hamill as follows:I had occasion this morning to remark on how close the affiliation between Yaleand the University of Chicago has always been. Our first and fifth presidents camefrom Yale. Yale's present president we trained for them. I assure you, the speakers ofthe evening were selected because they were the men we wanted to hear, and theirYale connection was not considered. It was a bit of a joke, however, to find that eachof the speakers is a representative of Yale University.Chicago is a great city. In education, in art, in music, in industrial progress, itexcels. The reason for the fine accomplishment is the character of its citizens. Wehave with us a worthy representative of our city, a man who has spent his careerwithin its borders. He knows its heartbeats ; and he knows its troubles, for he is alawyer and has helped to settle many of them. He knows its artistic side, and appreciates its harmonies ; he is the president of the Orchestral Association. He is a humanitarian; he shares in Chicago's charitable enterprises; he gives his time, as a memberof the board of the Presbyterian Hospital, to planning the care of the sick and the alleviation of human suffering ; and he gives time and energy to the United Charities inrelieving human need. He belongs to the leading clubs of this city, and he is sociallyprominent. If I knew something unfavorable about him, which I do not, I would leaveit unsaid; for his good qualities have spread themselves over so many years and overso many things that they would cover a multitude of sins. We Chicagoans are proudof him as a citizen. He speaks tonight for the citizens of Chicago, and brings greetingsto Mrs. Hutchins and the President.CHARLES H. HAMILL rS WELCOME ON BEHALF OF CHICAGOMr. Toastmaster, Ladies, and Gentlemen: No mandate has been given me to bethe mouthpiece of official Chicago, and, of course, I do not presume to be. Indeed^ ITHE INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT HUTCHINS 25rarely undertake to talk for anyone but myself, and, occasionally, by express permission, for my wife. But the University's request that I appear here for the citizens ofChicago, fortified as it has been by the more than gracious introduction of your toast-master, may be my warrant to speak for those of our city who are not without interest in things of the mind and the spirit. And their numbers are far greater than isguessed by those who read not beyond the front page stories of gang rule and murder.It is a pleasure, indeed, to voice the greetings of these citizens of the youngestgreat city to the youngest President of a great University ; doubtless, a little later itwill be said, the greatest President of a young University. And when I say it is apleasure, I indulge in no mere after-dinner rhetoric. It is the satisfaction of acclaimingwhat is so fitting as to be inevitable — the call of youth to youth. Yes, Chicago isyoung. In my grandfather's boyhood there was nothing here but limitless and houseless prairie stretching up from the unknown southwest to the shores of a sailless sea,a scene well set for a Fort Dearborn Massacre. In my father's childhood there wereless than five thousand souls here, and I can myself remember when there were scarcemore than one-tenth of our present numbers. And Chicago is young, not alone inyears, but in spirit — so young it reeks not of its own brief past and barely pauses toenjoy the flavor of today, for its mind and its hopes are on the future. We are thinking of our grandchildren, not of our grandparents.And so, Chicago, a great metropolis, almost before it has ceased to be a village,greets you, sir, who are a University President almost before you are a graduate. Andwe extend this greeting with the more sympathy because we believe that our past,brief as it has been, is an earnest of our future and recognize that your infancy givesequal promise of your future. And as we have not grown old, and don't intend to, wehold high hope that neither will you.We glory in the University of Chicago as a part — a very great part — of Chicago,and we want the spirit which has made Chicago grow and be great to be the spirit ofyour institution. Chicago has grown great, not alone because of geographical location,but, as your toastmaster has said, because its citizens have been men and women ofcourage, initiative, and daring — because they have been young. They did not despisethe past, but neither did they dwell upon it. For them, today was but the springboardfrom which to leap to tomorrow; and they dared to laugh and to sing as they worked.To them life was a great adventure — and what adventure is so thrilling as the adventures of the mind ? And you, sir, now are to preside over that wonderful arena wherehundreds of teachers and thousands of students are daily to encounter those adventures. And we, heirs of those daring, laughing, hard-working, and hard-playing adventurers who made Chicago, can wish for you nothing better than that you shall keepalive their spirit in your academic fold. They found it fun to work ; what is betterfun than to learn ? What hunter is keener in the chase than the pursuer of abstracttruth? Who knows better than the sound scholar that it is more exciting to go thanto arrive, more stimulating to seek than to find, more joyous to learn than to know?We are too free from the thrall of tradition to respect dreary schools where teachersare bored with teaching and pupils resist instruction. When a student has no pleasurein learning, pluck him, for he belongs not in the goodly company of thinkers ; when ateacher tires of research and no longer delights to tend young minds as they blossomand bear fruit, drown him, if young, or pension him, if old, for he has ceased to belong.And let no man be solemn, for solemnity oftener masks the stupid than declares thescholar. Be serious as you like, but, too, be gay and merry and joyous, for then youwill be doing work you love to do and so will be part of our Chicago.26 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDAnd now, sir, it is because we have been and are happy in our work and believeour work is better done because we are happy in it that we venture to wish to you,and those who are to work with you, the happiness that is ours. And because we areyoung and you are young, because you have zest and we have enthusiasm, becauseboth you and we believe in action, motion, life, and the joy of life, we say to you — not"welcome," for that is arrival — but "well-coming," for that is motion, and "Godspeed"— not "to," for that is accomplishment — but "toward," for that is progress.Dr. George E. Vincent was received with jubilant applause as he roseto speak after Mr.. Swift's introduction, which had such delightful allusions to the distinguished president as these:I like to hark back to the time when Dr. Vincent was at the University. I usedto attend the classes of Dr. Vincent; and, when I think of the number of times thathe has held me spellbound, it is a great satisfaction to hold him for a few moments,even though by some other means. He held me spellbound for two reasons. His eloquence, his personality, his persuasiveness had something to do with it; but if I didn'tabsorb every word he uttered, or at least make him think I waited with bated breathfor each succeeding word, I might have been shy some college credits. In justice to theteacher, however, whose reputation I might make or break by some careless word, Imust say that not one hour that I sat at his feet seemed more than ten minutes. Wedid not always know what he was talking about in those days. But that didn't matter; we got inspiration under his tutelage. His kindly sense of humor always was withus. I asked him once whether a statement I read in the paper should be taken as true ;and he did not like to say that the man was a liar, but he did think that his coefficientof mendacity was very high.Mr. Vincent, in the spring of 1906 I attended your class in Sociology 71, otherwise known as the Introduction to the Study of Society. I received happiness, inspiration, and profit from that association, and I thank you, sir. Now it is a great pleasureand a privilege to turn the tables and introduce you to society. These, Mr. Vincent,are our friends; ladies and gentlemen, Dr. George E. Vincent, President of the Rockefeller Foundation.THE UNIVERSITY — A CHICAGO INSTITUTIONADDRESS BY GEORGE E. VINCENTThe committee has run a serious risk in exposing you to an aging, anecdotalalumnus who knew the exciting, adventurous early years. How vividly they comeback. The friendly jests about "Dr. Harper's Midway Concession," the quarterly"Merry-go-round," the extension division as a "Ferris Wheel View of Knowledge";the rapid incubation of traditions when "Old Haskell Door" was sung before the varnish had dried, and when "Profs, made student customs at the U."; the lively, oftenstormy, integration of a staff recruited from every section of the country and fromforeign lands and holding views almost as diverse as its geographical origins ; the multiplication of experimental innovations in nomenclature, machinery, theory, and spirit ;above all, the glowing imagination, organizing genius, persuasive power, tireless energy, and contagious enthusiasm of the first President, who always insisted that he neverasked for money ; he merely pointed out opportunities. A very real risk it was, but ahabit of conforming to a time-table was firmly fixed under Dr. Harper's regime andmay be counted on still to protect you.Yet reminiscence has a place this evening. A university, like an individual, getsmeaning and purpose from memory. Along with many other things this should not beTHE INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT HUTCHINS 27forgotten: at the very outset citizens of Chicago and of the Middle West had a substantial part in creating this institution. For a time, this fact was bound to be obscured by the dramatic circumstances of the founding. For obvious reasons public attention was fixed on Mr. Rockefeller. The University was naturally enough spokenof as his creation and Dr. Harper represented as his agent. Paragraphers and cartoonists pointed their jests at him and his made-to-order, magic-wand institution.With characteristic amiability they imputed motives. It was to be a useful adjunct, aprotection to the oil industry in particular and the established order in general. Itwas sometimes pictured as almost a proprietary establishment.Yet the University was never an individual's sole responsibility. The names oforiginal University buildings and many early contributions to endowment testify tothe generous co-operation of Chicagoans from the beginning. Moreover, there is ample evidence that Mr. Rockefeller's original purpose was to give the University a broadand secure foundation, then to leave to others the elaboration of the superstructure.This intention was clearly expressed when in 1910 he made a definitive gift of ten millions to be paid a million a year beginning in 191 1. At this time he withdrew his representatives from the Board of Trustees, and gave explicit notice that he no longerregarded himself as responsible for either the maintenance or development of the institution. From then on it must look to citizens of Chicago and other donors. At thetime this decision was announced, Mr. Rockefeller had given twenty-three and a quarter millions ; others, chiefly men and women of this city, had given seven and a quarter— a by no means bad beginning for that public which was to be depended upon forthe future.The length to which the transition from founder to public has gone is shownstrikingly by the following contrast: during the five years just passed, the Universityhas received from Mr. John D. Rockefeller Sr. precisely nothing, from Mr. John D.Rockefeller Jr. one and one-half millions (largely for the Divinity School), from Chicago and other donors sixteen millions! Even if gifts from the Rockefeller Boardswere included, the ratio would be only ten Rockefeller millions to sixteen from othersources. Still another comparison will show the tendency toward reliance on the public. Since Mr. Rockefeller announced his final gift, the total of contributions from allRockefeller sources — including the Rockefeller Boards, which will be dealt with presently — has been nearly twenty-four millions, while the total from citizens of Chicagoand others has been almost twenty-seven. Even when totals from the beginning arecompared, the ratio of the Rockefeller gifts to other contributions is only forty-sevenmillions to thirty-four. Of the twenty millions which have gone into buildings a littleless than seven millions were of Rockefeller origin. So it is clear that the Universityhas gradually become a Chicago, a regional, a national institution with an international reputation.At this point one can imagine slightly incredulous people saying: "This seems allvery well, but how about these Rockefeller Boards that have given the University tenand a half millions during the last decade ? Are they not merely replacing the founderand in reality continuing his support?" This is a fair question which deserves astraight answer. It is true that one or two Trustees thought Mr. Rockefeller's policyof withdrawal ought to bind the Boards which he had created. But the overwhelmingmajority rejected this theory, first, because it implied that these agencies were merelyextensions of his personality, whereas he had always regarded them as quite independent and autonomous, and, second, because they believed the University of Chi-28 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDcago as a leading American institution had the same right as any other to be consideredon its merits.Acting on this theory the Boards began to study the University. The officersgathered information about the standing of the staff at home and abroad. They analyzed the statistics of enrolment, paying little heed to grand totals. They examinedmaps which showed the number and the distribution of Chicago Doctors of Philosophy in colleges, in universities, and in other research centers. They read reports whichsummarized the facts sent in by college presidents about the universities in whichtheir teachers and graduates preferred to work. Then the officers of the Boards tookinto account buildings, equipment, and endowments. They studied per capita costsand the ratio of staff to students. They reckoned with the University's ideals ofteaching, research, and social obligation. They gave due weight to location, regionalinfluence, and prospect of future support. In only one respect was the study defective.About success in competitive athletics these quaint, eccentric people were incrediblyignorant and even wickedly indifferent.These investigations convinced the General Education Board and the RockefellerFoundation that if they were to promote higher education, professional training, andgenuine research in the United States they must co-operate with the University ofChicago as one of the first in a very small group of unquestionably leading institutionsof the country. So from time to time the Boards made gifts, chiefly to improve advanced training and research. They did this, not because Mr. Rockefeller had ceasedto contribute, but because the opportunities and the probable results left them nochoice.It is a temptation to congratulate the University and the community on what hasbeen accomplished in less than forty years. Behold an institution which has resourcesof well over one hundred millions. It owns eighty-eight city acres, fifty-six buildings,has an annual budget of $7,400,000, a productive endowment of $51,000,000, counts astaff of 789, gives instruction annually to 14,000 students, of whom 8,000 are in graduate and high-standard professional schools. But there is always danger in lettingone's mind dwell too long on past achievement. After all, Mr. Rockefeller did notturn over to Chicago a finished product ; it has not been finished yet ; it never will becompleted. One hesitates to strike this note of "only a beginning has been made," butthere is no avoiding it. There are forces that must be reckoned with, deplore themhow we will.First of all, professors are getting more and more grasping and sordid. It used tobe possible to pay them in fine phrases about the nobility of teaching and the searchfor truth, the pure joy of leading youth up the hill of knowledge, the sublimated satisfactions of unremunerated service to society. But ever since Dr. Harper in 1892 began corrupting distinguished scholars by $7,000 salaries (that would mean at least$15,000 today) things have been going from bad to worse. Professors are no longercontent with the incomes of plumbers, carpenters, and locomotive engineers; theyaspire to the salaries of commercial travelers and junior bond salesmen ; a few evencovet the emoluments of the twenty-seventh vice-president of a consolidated bank.Probably wives and children are a good deal to blame. The former are losingtheir craving for domestic labor, and the latter associate with offspring of the well-to-do and develop expensive habits and ambitions. Celibacy and Mrs. Sanger offersome hope, but this may be easily overestimated. No, the unpleasant truth seems tobe that first-class ability can be drawn into university life and kept there only by add-THE INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT HUTCHINS 29ing to the existing very real inducements an income which bears a close relation tothat of equal capacities somewhere in the upper half of professional and businessgroups. University staffs of high quality are going to be more expensive.But even when the professors have been secured, the troubles have only begun.The better the men are, the more they want of space, equipment, apparatus, books,manuscripts, photostat copies, periodicals, technicians, assistants, clerical aids. Theyfeel the urge to consult distant libraries and museums, to attend meetings of scientists,to go on expeditions to excavate, explore, and make collections. Of late they haveshown a curiosity about social conditions and insist on gathering facts about the population, activities, customs, standards, problems of cities, towns, and rural communities. These investigations have an uncanny, almost malevolent knack of learning aboutthings old and new in all parts of the world. Then they cannot be happy until theyhave them.Nor is it easy to divert or pacify them without cost. They bombard you withdisquieting phrases: they must keep abreast of progress in their fields; the success oftheir teaching and research is at stake ; their scholarly reputations are in jeopardy ; theUniversity's standing is involved. You find yourself a trustee for brains which oughtto be utilized to the full. Then, too, you are haunted by the quite unworthy fear thatif you fail to meet the test you may lose your very best men and women to more appreciative and alert institutions. Here, too, is another increasing item of expense if atrue university is to maintain its position as an influential center of teaching and ofadvancement of knowledge. There is no waiting until the professors "have read all thebooks they have now."Still another, perhaps the worst difficulty about professors, is their indifference topractical considerations. Instead of sticking to investigations which seem likely to"pan out" promptly, they go wandering about in an irresponsible fashion after allkinds of useless knowledge. Then they call this pure research, as if puffed cereals, automatic refrigerators, and vacuum cleaners were impure! To people of the "go-getter," "quick-returns" type this is probably the most irritating of the many peculiaritiesof professors. Moreover, this pure or fundamental research seems terribly expensivein time, equipment, supplies, and assistance.But no real university can afford to let such investigations languish, to say nothing of permitting them to cease. Its duty is to push out the frontiers of knowledge.To be sure, every now and then one of the things these impractical professors havediscovered turns out to be immensely useful and profitable — to somebody else and tosociety at large. Universities are not resentful when this happens, but they must goon, nevertheless, pursuing knowledge in the same disinterested way. A few governments, notably the British and German, think it so essential to keep professors at workon fundamental research that large sums are granted to universities, institutes, andnational research councils. Even our federal government maintains departmentallaboratories in which a certain amount of surreptitious, almost pure research goes on,and a few state universities have funds for fundamental investigations. But for a longtime we may be sure that Congress will not be beguiled into making outright appropriations for pure research either in departmental or non-government laboratories.Perhaps this policy is in harmony with the spirit of our national life. Possibly itis just as well that pioneering activities should be left to the initiative of individuals,voluntary groups, and private institutions. Certain it is that the University of Chicago has taken a foremost place not only in collegiate, graduate, and professional edu-30 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDcation but also in the national and international task of advancing knowledge. Thecontinued discharge of this great duty will call for ever larger capital expenditures andannual maintenance. Still another thing should not be overlooked. The University ofChicago was never a facsimile of the conventional university type. From the veryoutset it introduced new ideas of organization, methods, and spirit. It was itself an experiment in education. It has made notable contributions and exerted a wide influencein this field. This tradition of innovation, experiment, and demonstration imposes newduties and offers boundless opportunities. The problems are many and pressing. Forexample, the aims, materials, organizations, and methods of undergraduate education,the purposes and character of graduate training, the relations of research and teachingcall for restudy and readjustment to a changing social order. Such activities as thesewill inevitably call for additional funds.How fortunate that the new President takes naturally to the very things forwhich the University has stood since its founding, for pioneering, for experimentation,for quality, for high standards in both teaching and research, for loyalty to universityideals ! One is inclined to protest against the preoccupation with President Hutchins'youthfulness. William Rainey Harper in 1892 was little older, but he was not exploited as a boy wonder. Modern science, moreover, has changed our ideas about age.Character and personality are nowadays not so much question of chronology as ofendocrinology. Think of the multitude of senile adolescents who will never grow up !Mere exposure to experience is no guaranty of wisdom. The vast majority registerfoggy outlines, many require a long-time exposure, others, like the new President,have quick lenses. He has been promptly tested on many sides and has won early recognition for alert intelligence, resourceful imagination, a pioneering spirit, and a delightful personality.The University and the city hail him. Under his leadership the institution willmake steady advance as a vital, stimulating, productive servant of the community, thenation, and mankind. Mr. Rockefeller made a definitive gift. Chicago in a long futurewill make countless gifts in money, in sympathy, in loyalty, but these gifts will neverbe definitive.Said Mr. Swift, addressing President and Mrs. Hutchins: "I have noset speech of welcome to you and Mrs. Hutchins. I have no appropriatewords of introduction of you as the next speaker. Both you and Mrs.Hutchins, however, must feel how genuine is the welcome extended to youfrom the members of the Faculty, from the students, the alumni, and theBoard of Trustees of the University, and from the citizens of Chicago.Sir, we shall delight to hear from you."President Hutchins was greeted with an uproar of applause, the wholecompany rising to their feet. He spoke as follows :Mr. Toastmaster, Fellow Yale Men, Ladies and Gentlemen: Your regret, Iknow, will be as great as mine when you learn that no orators have graduated fromYale since 1892. Since this is my third speech today, you will doubtless think me thelineal descendant of John Bunyan's notorious character, Mr. Talkative, the son of oneSay well, who lived in Prating Row ; but because this is the first time Mrs. Hutchinsand I have had so many distinguished Chicagoans at our mercy I do wish to seize theopportunity to tell you what we think of you. We think you are the nicest people inTHE INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT HUTCHINS 31the world. Mrs. Hutchins said after our first reception here last spring, "Why, thesepeople seem really glad to see us." Her surprise, I judge, was more on my accountthan on her own. Since last spring you have become kinder and kinder ; if you hadbeen any kinder you would have killed yourselves and us. Let us say here and publiclyin permanent answer to the perennial question, "We do like Chicago." We like it somuch that we can't imagine why we didn't come here sooner, except that we weren'tinvited. We like it so much that we can't imagine any one of you leaving it, andhope you never will. We like it so much because of two things: the city and the University. We realize perfectly well that what the city has done for us has been done because of its interest and pride in the University. We understand equally well that weare not the University, that we are merely the representatives of the men and womenin whose honor this dinner is really given, the men and women who make up its Faculty and its Board of Trustees. We are proud to represent them because of their eminence and their devotion ; we are proud to represent them to you, the representativesof what must become the greatest city in the world.The greatness of the city has been made by three things, by its geographical position, by the people who made the most of that position, and by the spirit that theyhad. Their spirit was experimental, courageous, and confident. Nothing like the raising of Chicago from the mud in 1852 or its recovery after the fire has been seen inmodern times. Since then the wildest dreams of Joseph Wright and Deacon Brosshave been fulfilled; but the people of Chicago are still dreaming and making theirdreams come true. In spite of the apparent hostility of Lake Michigan and whatseems to a small-town product a slightly complicated political organization, Chicago isgoing ahead with its plan, its parks, its schools, and its building. It dominates theWest in industry, finance, the professions, and the arts.Because he foresaw this future for Chicago, Mr. Rockefeller placed the University here. He had never lived here. He had no connection with the city. But he andPresident Harper knew that it was the city for their University. They wished to makea new departure in higher education, and to make it in a place where it would havethe greatest influence. Inevitably they chose Chicago. When the establishment of amedical school at the University of Virginia was first discussed, Thomas Jefferson argued that the proper seat of a medical school was not at Charlottesville, but at someunhealthy place. Mr. Rockefeller and Dr. Harper did not subscribe to Jeffersonianprinciples. They put the University in Chicago, not because Chicago needed education more than any other place, but because from the position, the people, and thespirit of Chicago a great new experiment in education would draw vitality and throughthem distribute power.That they did not misjudge the people of Chicago the early history of the University shows. Led by the man who has a record of service to his city unparalleledhere or elsewhere, the man so fittingly honored today, Martin A. Ryerson, the citizensof Chicago met Mr. Rockefeller's conditional gifts, erected buildings on the Midway,and began the long career of co-operation between the city and the University. Thepeople of Chicago have been generous with their money, as the list of great benefactorsof every phase of the University's work will show. They have been generous in theeffort they have spent in the University's interest. The Board of Trustees under Mr.Ryerson, and now under that extraordinary individual who does a full day's work atSwift and Company and then a full day's work for the University, have set a standardof unselfish toil that no board, industrial or educational, has surpassed. Lord Bryce32 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDused to say, "There is nothing in America of which she boasts less, and nothing ofwhich she has a greater right to be proud than her universities." Although Chicagohas not boasted of the University, it has made its pride in it felt on the Quadrangles, aperpetual encouragement to those who labored there. And those laborers have beenpeople to be proud of: Vincent, Angell, Michelson, Shorey, Tufts, and on through thelong list that have worked there through the years have been people who added something to Chicago that only the University could give. The citizens of New Haven wereonce debating the erection of an honor roll bearing the names of those who had donemost for the city. Professor Lounsbury suggested to the editor of the local paper thatthe name of William Dwight Whitney, the greatest of Yale oriental scholars, shouldbe added to the list. "William Dwight Whitney," said the editor, "what did WilliamDwight Whitney ever do for New Haven?" Replied the professor, "Hell, he livedin it!"The members of the University faculty have lived in Chicago. They have donemore. They have worked for Chicago. I do not mean to imply in anything I say aboutsuch work that it is the only work that a University should support. The expert onHomer who regretted on his death-bed that he had not given his life to the study ofthe dative case probably did not make during his lifetime much contribution to theknowledge of contemporary problems or the sum of human comfort. But the importance of his work cannot be gauged by its marketability or by its so-called practicalresults. If he worked hard and intelligently and intellectually, as he probably did not,and widened somewhat the domain of knowledge, his career was worthy of a university. One need not agree with Aristotle's dictum, "To be forever hunting after theuseful befits not those of free and lofty soul," to be persuaded of the value of purescience, from which all advance in applied science has sprung. And here I mean onlythat the object of scholarship is understanding, not money, not amelioration, not reform. If the School of Commerce and Administration enters upon the study of an industry, it does so primarily because it feels that that industry is important, and itwishes to understand it, not because it wants to enlarge the profits of the owners.Some people have wondered why we have not established an institute of business research to which anybody might come, and for a consideration receive advice as to theproblems of his business. The answer is that the scholar must be free to choose hisproblem because of its importance to him. If he begins to work on other people'sproblems in order to gain influence or gold, he is lost.Fortunately, the problems of a city like Chicago are so diverse, and so importantto anybody, even a scholar, that the scholars of the University of Chicago are increasingly finding in the city's problems those that interest them. And since after all information must usually precede amelioration, improvement in the life of the city is boundto emerge from their researches. The work they have been doing is chiefly medical,industrial, social, and educational. The University is affiliated with the PresbyterianHospital and the Home for Destitute and Crippled Children on the West Side. It isaffiliated with the Children's Memorial Hospital on the North Side. It is affiliated withthe Chicago Lying-in Hospital on the South Side. In the country it is affiliated withthe Home for Convalescent Crippled Children. That leaves only the Loop and thelake in which we are without hospital affiliations — and we are working on them. Inthe University's own clinics on the Midway thousands of patients a month are caredfor, and the number has now reached such a point that the University has had toselect from those applying for admission the cases most entertaining to the medicalstaff.THE INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT HUTCHINS 33The School of Commerce and Administration is studying the problems of fifteenor twenty Chicago businesses, and has as well a definite formal affiliation with whathas been called our basic industry. In this we have an outstanding example of successful co-operation between business men and scholars, where the business men paythe bills, I am happy to say, and the scholars do the work. That work has covered thewhole range of the industry and has benefited the scholars even more than thebusiness.The social science departments have centered their attention through the LocalCommunity Research Committee on groups of studies in Chicago life. In the groupentitled "Regional Planning" they have completed investigations of the industrial development of the Chicago region, the development of specific industries, agriculture inthe Chicago region, and the government of the region, including the organization ofthe health authorities, the number and condition of our governmental employees, thepolice systems, and judicial and educational authorities. All this followed a generalsurvey of the government of the area, disclosing 1,560 separate and independent governmental units, and leading to the conclusion that if we have not the best government in the world at least we have the most.In the group of studies known as "Crime and Police" the University of Chicagois co-operating with Northwestern in work on juvenile delinquency, organized crime,and the parole and indeterminate sentence in Chicago. At the invitation of the commissioner of police, we are making with Northwestern University, the Institute ofCriminal Law and Criminology, and the Chicago Crime Commission a comprehensiveand impartial study of police administration in Chicago. This survey has been cordially welcomed by the commanding officers of the Department, and presents therefore an unrivaled opportunity to make constructive improvements if any are foundnecessary.Social agencies here and elsewhere have derived peculiar benefit from the workon the registration of social statistics, and on the accounting practices of such agencies.In this, as in so many other fields of social welfare, the School of Social Service Administration has been particularly active. The work has commanded attention allover the country and the co-operation of the federal government, the American Association for Organizing Family Social Work, the American Association of Hospital Social Workers, and the National Organization for Public Health Nursing.Chicago has one of the great Negro communities of the country, and from thebeginning the University has been interested in it. It is studying the standards of livingof the Negro population, the placement of dependent Negro children, the Negro family, the Negro in business in Chicago, the Negro woman in Chicago industry, and theNegro in politics. These investigations are carried on with the advice of the UrbanLeague, of governmental authorities, and private agencies. Through them we may yetcome to understand the process of adjusting the Negro population to the conditions ofa northern metropolis.In the field of public welfare administration the University has made definitecontributions. The bureau administering public outdoor relief was created as a resultof investigations by representatives of the School of Social Service Administration.Almost all the welfare institutions of Cook County and the state have now beenstudied; and projects on the treatment of dependent children, on housing and population, and on the legal status of women are under way.Finally, it was natural that government finance should attract the attention ofthe social scientists. They began a year ago a survey of the cost of government in Illi-34 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDnois. The growth of government expenditures since we were allowed to get into theUnion has been ascertained, as has the cost of the General Assembly. Our workershave collected information on the state's expenditures for public employment offices,parks, and military purposes. Our representatives have been in touch with the IllinoisTax Conference and with a group of business men headed by Mr. Strawn, interestedin the improvement of the tax system.And so the work of the University touches all the important organs of the bodypolitic, from its pocketbook to its heart. But after all its work is education, as well asservice and research. Perhaps the principal contribution the University has made to thelife of the city is the thousands of former students who are now part of that life ; whoif they could not come to the Quadrangles received their opportunities through University College or home study. Gladstone once remarked, "There is not a feature or a pointin the national character which has made England great that is not strongly developedand plainly traceable in our universities." We cannot boast that the University's character has made the city's; we can say that the interaction of city and Universityhas made the University what it is and has affected an important section of the city'spopulation. And this process is now being carried down to lower age levels throughthe work of the Department of Education. For years the Department has managedits own schools on the Midway. Now for the first time on a large scale it is workingwith schools of the city. Through the interest of Superintendent Bogan the Department is instructing city school-teachers in the revolutionary but effective methods ofteaching reading, writing, and arithmetic that Department has developed. In sevenschools further experiments in these subjects are being carried on. As the work of theDepartment advances, as it will in the study of preschool and backward children, thepublic schools of Chicago will have the benefit of its experience.So as the city has become the University's laboratory, the University is directlyaffecting the city's educational system. The University is in Chicago ; it is, too, theUniversity of Chicago. It is our hope that in continued co-operation with you the University may increasingly contribute to make Chicago the most cultivated as well asthe greatest, the most intelligent as well as the most powerful city in the world.It had been a crowded, jubilant, inspiring day.PRESIDENT HUTCHINS GREETS THE STUDENTSThere were those who thought the fourth in the series of inaugurationgatherings was the most significant of them all. For on Wednesday morning, November 20, the much inaugurated President met the students andaddressed them in words which gave convincing evidence of his sympathy with them, of his knowledge of the problems of undergraduate andgraduate education in general, and of the application of this knowledge inparticular to the needs of the University of Chicago. Four members of thestudent body addressed words of greeting and congratulation to the President.The Chapel was filled with nearly 2,000 students who saw, who listened, who were responsive to the addresses of the representatives of theirown organizations and to the sympathetic words of their President. TheTHE INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT HUTCHINS 35four addresses were excellent in content, cordial in their spirit, and effectively delivered. The first of the three student speakers was Louis H.Engel, president of the Undergraduate Council. In the course of his remarks, he said:To the names of William Rainey Harper, Harry Pratt Judson, Ernest De WittBurton, Max Mason, and Frederic Woodward, we add another today, Robert MaynardHutchins, fully confident of the invaluable service which he shall render our University. As undergraduates our gratitude to these administrators is particularly keen, forthey have been actual pioneers in the reconstruction of undergraduate education.Principles of research, which formerly had served as exclusive criteria for the graduateand professional schools, have been extended into the colleges. Through experimentsuccessful changes and innovations have been made in the curriculum, making it anintellectual stimulation rather than an exhausting routine. These men have made opportunity, not compulsion, the motivating spirit of endeavor.The same confidence in the capability of undergraduates has been manifested bythe administration in the direction of student life. Control of conduct has been effected through complete reliance on the integrity and discrimination of the studentsthemselves rather than through faculty regulation. At a result of these policies therehas been developed at the University of Chicago an undergraduate body distinguishedfor intellectual initiative, spiritual vitality, and a certain maturity in thought, feeling,and action.We extend to President Hutchins our warmest welcome and most sincere wishesfor a happy and successful tenure of office. We have for him an admiration, a confidence, and a respect that must upon more intimate relationship develop into a genuineaffection.Miss Marcella Koerber, Chairman of the Board of Women's Organizations, brought the greetings of the women students:From the very beginning of the University, men and women have been admittedon equal footing, the same opportunities being extended to both of them. The womenenter, not under the stigma of condescension, but under the challenge of recognition.They are part of the youth to which the University offers its intellectual leadership.What use they make of this opportunity depends on the individuals. But the veryfact that the University offers inspiring leadership indicates a confidence in the potentiality of individual development. The women have shown themselves to be notunworthy of the University's confidence. They have won places among the creativethinkers of the University. They have been able to combine social interest, physicalwelfare, and intellectual activity. They have sought to represent the University to theMiddle West in such a way that the University may be proud of them. By acceptingwhat the University offers, by contributing their best to scholarship, the women facethe challenge of the University. In turn they challenge the University. They offerthemselves as a co-operative group, one which is seeking to work, not for the best interests of the women, but for the best interests of the University as a whole. Theyare linked with the Faculty and administration through the close relationship of theBoard of Women's Organizations and the Women's University Council. Such unitycan result only in strength.36 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDBrook Steen, chairman of the Graduate Students' Council, spoke onbehalf of the students of the Graduate Schools of Arts, Literature, andScience:Our leaders in the past have been men who, at times, have been accused of beingrevolutionary in thought and deed. In fact, some of their dicta have been consideredmanifestoes to the educational world. They made progress for our University system.We are pleased to know in the short time you have been with us, that you are alreadyknown for definite convictions in regard to matters pertaining to the University.Your utterances reflect keen foresight into the future with regard to developing theUniversity in men and stone. They indicate a great interest in the student and in allthat pertains to the student in his or her academic and social life. The future is bright.We of the Graduate Schools of Arts, Literature, and Science wish you great success in your position as our leader. We carry on our work in the confidence of thatconstructive and progressive leadership which is so characteristic of Chicago leaders,confident that changes will be made only in so far as changes will be necessary for thebetterment of the service of the University in its capacity as a university; that thegreat spirit of impersonal individualism of the Graduate Schools will find adequatechannels for expression as in the past and opportunity to find greater service in mutual co-operation in the future. Given a great University and a great man to lead it,we have no fear for the future of the University of Chicago.Robert Tieken, of the Law School, represented the professionalschools. In the course of his address, he said: "How splendid it is tocontemplate the cohorts of youth paying homage to one of their band whohas proved his excellence in those fields where only great intellects maycompete. Perhaps, out of the inspiration of your young leadership, President Hutchins, there will come from the group here assembled the type ofleadership for which this city now groans."President Hutchins won the hearts of his auditors by the first wordshe uttered, and held their interested attention from the beginning to theend of his address.PRESIDENT HUTCHINS TO THE STUDENTSI beg to express to you my hearty thanks for your cordial welcome. To becomethe President of a University with a student body so numerous, so intelligent and, Imay add, so handsome would be gratifying to anybody in education. But I am particularly glad to meet you because of your extreme youth ; the fact that I am olderthan you and shall continue to be affords me infinite satisfaction and pleasure.Of course all I know about the life you lead is just what I read in the papers.And since the only papers I have time to read are those edited on the Quadrangles, youwill appreciate how meager my information is. From the student press I gather, however, certain impressions that I should like to state briefly and comment upon, notwith any idea of settling any questions but simply with the purpose of entering fulltilt into that perpetual state of argumentation which in any well-ordered universitywith a healthy student body exists between the students and the administration.You remember the ancient oriental proverb: "Why hast thou created me," saidTHE INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT HUTCHINS 37the ass, "seeing that thou hast also created the Turk?" "Verily, we have created theTurk so that the excellency of thy understanding and character might be apparent."This, with modifications, almost seemed to me to be the reason the Maroon thoughtthe Faculty was created. But I was rapidly relieved of this unfortunate impression byan editorial shortly thereafter attacking the students. Apparently both students andFaculty left something to be desired. Since that time I have learned that the organization of the course of study and the regulations surrounding it are far from perfect ;and the administration even farther because it is doing nothing about these matters.Upon its stand on these questions the student press deserves the congratulationsof the University, for all the suggestions it makes are in the direction of higher standards, more intellectual effort and independence, and better men and women, studentand Faculty. With the net result it reaches therefore I am in entire accord; for if Iwere to attempt to state a policy, I should say that I favored the best Faculty thatcould be obtained, teaching the best students that could be found, with a curriculumintelligently adjusted to the needs of the individual. That means that I agree thatthere are students here as in every university who should not be here. It means Iagree that there are teachers, as in every university, who are not the most inspiring inthe world. It means that I am heartily opposed to restrictions that fetter the intellectual freedom of the student who has an intellect to free. When I was an undergraduateand a law student I sometimes had a momentary fleeting notion from time to timethat perhaps there was something to be got out of these professors and their curriculum if one only knew the way to go about it. Sometimes it even occurred to me thatone might perhaps prepare oneself for something, I did not know just what, if onecould only get behind this business of required attendance, regular classes, ten-minutepapers, weekly tests, and term examinations, and utilize what intelligence God hadgiven one in one's own way to learn something or other. It almost seemed possiblethat the curriculum might be as interesting as the extra-curriculum if it were as wellorganized and called for the same effort and intelligence.Since we are in agreement — an unfortunate situation which I hope will provetemporary — what are we going to do about it ? To begin with the students, I favorthe present standards of admission to the Junior College, with such modifications inthem as may prove possible, looking to the admission of students more on the basis ofinterest than on the acquisition of a certain number of credits with a certain averagegrade. I favor the development of a selective policy of admission to those graduateand professional schools where such a policy is not already in operation. The authorities of all these schools are not interested in numbers. They are either on the point ofbeginning to limit them or are attempting to discover and have not yet discoveredmethods of selection that will be fair to the applicant. In this connection I may saythat no increase in the tuition charges should be allowed to operate as a selective factor. When, if, and as made such increases should be accompanied by proportionalincreases in the scholarship funds, so that no man of ability will be kept out of theUniversity of Chicago for financial reasons. In devising tests for admission to anyschool the sole criterion should be intelligence and an interest in developing it, so thatwe shall continue to be blessedly free of that traditional American student who takesone bath, studies one lesson, and thinks one thought a week.Assuming, then, that we have an intelligent and interested student body, I wouldrecognize the fact that they are not all interested in the same thing. In the graduateschools some wish to be teachers, others wish to be research men ; others hope to be38 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDboth. In the colleges some are interested in one subject, some in two, some in three;some are interested simply in an education. I favor the development of a pass andhonors system, under which a student in fields in which he is particularly interesteddoes his own work with a minimum of supervision and a maximum of independence.In fields which he wishes to know about but does not wish to specialize in, he shouldattend large lecture courses under the most stimulating lecturers that can be found. Ifthey stimulate him to want to specialize in the subject, he should be permitted to takeup honors work in it. The whole system should be so flexible that a student could goas fast as his abilities permitted and in the direction in which his abilities led hm. Inthe graduate schools men who propose to teach should be given some understandingof teaching problems, not by torturing the undergraduate, but by working out withthe members of the departments in which they are studying for their degrees experiments in undergraduate education. Here they should have the advice of the Department of Education, which has on its staff specialists in college teaching.Some such program in the graduate schools cannot help benefiting the colleges,for it will give the distinguished scholars in the departments for the first time somereason to regard undergraduate teaching as their problem. Unless they propose toturn out teachers who know a narrow section of a field, and do not know how to teachthat until they have damaged the education of several student generations, they mustdevote their attention to the development of better methods in both pass and honorswork for undergraduates. The departments are at present keenly alive to their responsibilities in this direction, and are as anxious to improve the quality of their undergraduate work as you are to have them.To bring this about they will have to do more than bring more of the best of theexisting staff into touch with undergraduate work. They must add, in many departments, first-rate men who are interested in the problems of undergraduate education.This is entirely a matter of money. Unfortunately the method by which it has beenproposed that we get this money is too simple to work at the moment, for it overlooks the donor and it overlooks the donee. The method proposed is that we shouldtell those who wish to give buildings to give their money for men instead. The difficulty is that this has been tried in many cases, here and elsewhere, with the result thatthe donor indicates that it is, after all, his money, and he knows what he wants to dowith it. I have no hesitation in saying that the University has in every possible casepresented this alternative to its benefactors. In some the suggestion has been accepted.In more it has been declined. But it is a mistake to assume that the University hasbeen receiving unnecessary buildings. Every one of them, and notably the last greatgift of the art building, was essential to effective work. Presidents Burton and Masonfound that they had to devote themselves to a building campaign in order to hold themen they had and have any chance at all of securing others. Because of their effortsthe present administration does not have to carry through an extensive building program, but even at that one department of great distinction is disintegrating under oureyes because its working conditions are intolerable. One man has left it during thepresent quarter and we have no hope whatever of replacing him unless we can assurehis successor of adequate facilities. It would doubtless surprise you to learn that thefirst seven department heads I met on reaching Chicago all replied in answer to thequestion, "What is the most pressing need of your department?" "A new building."This does not mean that they wish to work in handsome Gothic structures. It meansTHE INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT HUTCHINS 39that departments sometimes reach a point where their work is so hampered by theiraccommodations that unless they can improve them the department must go to pieces.Obviously this is a question of emphasis and degree. It is as foolish to say thatmen should not be emphasized first of all as it is to suggest that no new buildingsshould be accepted. Men do come first at Chicago. They always have. They alwayswill. We are at the moment subordinating everything to the improvement of the staff.We are again and again directing the attention of the public to the fact that funds forsalaries are the one great overshadowing need of the University. Through this processwe may educate donors and in time produce a new attitude toward the value of professors as against the value of places to put them in.I hope to see here, then, and perhaps even before all of you have been graduated,the best Faculty that can be obtained, teaching the best students to be found, with acurriculum intelligently adjusted to the needs of the individual. Only one who hasworked, as I have, in other institutions of higher learning, can appreciate how littleneeds to be done here to turn this hope into reality. We have a Faculty which has madethis University one of the two greatest in the country. We have a student body ofwhich any university might be proud. We have a course of study which has in it thegerms of the flexibility which the ideal curriculum requires. From the new art development, the new field house, and the new dormitories, all aspects of student fife willreceive marked advantage. All this does not mean a bigger University; it certainlymeans a better one, not because the administration has changed, but because the Faculty, students, and traditions of Chicago will make it so.The day was rounded out by a reception in Ida Noyes Hall, whenfrom four until six o'clock some 3,000 alumni of the University extendedtheir greetings to President and Mrs. Hutchins. Thus were completed thetwo days of dignified and unforgettable ceremony, of many eloquentspeeches, of happy introduction of educators and citizens to the new President and his wife.Robert Maynard Hutchins is now, unmistakably, the fifth Presidentof the University of Chicago.LYING-IN HOSPITAL CORNERSTONE LAIDCORNERSTONE derricks nowadays are creaking with frequentuse within and near the Quadrangles of the University. Within acomparatively short time ceremonies connected with the beginnings of George Herbert Jones Chemical Laboratory, of Bernard AlbertEckhart Hall (for mathematics, astronomy, and physics), of Bernard Edward Sunny Gymnasium (for use of the laboratory schools of the Schoolof Education) , and of the Social Science Building have been held. On November 5, 1929, the cornerstone of the new Chicago Lying-in Hospital, aninstitution affiliated with the University, was laid. At the same time thecornerstone of what is known as the septic wing of the building, the giftof the Mothers' Aid, was lowered to its resting place.On the occasion of the laying of the cornerstone of the Lying-in Hospital addresses were delivered by President Hutchins, Dr. Joseph B. DeLee, and Mrs. Kellogg Fairbank. Doctor DeLee is the founder and medical director of the hospital. Recently, in accordance with the plan ofaffiliation with the University, he has been appointed Chairman of theUniversity's Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. A description ofthe accomplishments and aims of the Hospital written by him appeared inthe University Record for July, 1929. At the same time the architects'design for the new building, in the erection of which considerable progresshas already been made, was presented.An unusually large company, especially of women, was present whenthe exercises connected with the laying of the two cornerstones were held.Dr. DeLee explained the purpose of the new building. He said:This is not just another hospital. It was founded with the particular purpose ofraising the standard of teaching and practice of obstetrics, and elevating the status ofthe childbearing woman. And now the cornerstone is laid for the supreme ideal of obstetrics in this part of the country. The reason the United States has the highest mortality rate of women in childbirth is because the art of obstetrics is not being held inhigh enough esteem. That condition will remain until the public and the medical profession lift it to its proper place. Over 20,000 women die in childbirth in this countryeach year, and 100,000 babies die. Millions are damaged physically following childbirth.Mrs. Kellogg Fairbank, without wThose tireless service in securingfunds for the hospital the building could not have been projected or its40LYING-IN HOSPITAL CORNERSTONE LAID 41completion made sure, told of what the hospital during the thirty-fouryears of its existence had accomplished for mothers and children. Womento the number of 97,014 have received care, and 75,233 children wereborn in the hospital or in homes under hospital supervision. "Six thousand medical students, 414 graduate doctors, and 2,559 nurses have beentrained at the hospital. There is nothing more worth while than turningout from a hospital healthy babies and healthy mothers to look afterthem."Mrs. Mortimer Singer, president of the Woman's Aid, presided whenthe cornerstone of the septic pavilion, a part of the hospital group, wasformally laid. President Hutchins added a few words of congratulation inview of the benefits which will come through the new building and the facilities it will provide, benefits shared by the community and the University, and which, too, will be of service in the promotion of better understanding of needs and of means of meeting those needs.It is expected the building will be ready for use soon after January 1 ,i93i-THE RENAISSANCE SOCIETY IN1929-1930By EVE WATSON SCHUTZEWITH the beginning of the Autumn Quarter fuller opportunities for co-ordinating the work of the society with that of theDepartment of Art and the University have opened. A steadily increasing membership (both active and life membership) assures usof the response waiting for the invitation to co-operate in an informal waywith the regular activities of the University in the field of art, and of appreciation of the reciprocal benefits of such association.The new head of the Art Department, Professor John Shapley, is sympathetically co-operating with us, and we aim to be of service to that department. During the past year we have been indebted to the committeeof Wieboldt Hall for the use of Room 205 to hang the exhibitions arranged by the society. We are assured of adequate space in the new artbuilding to carry out our program of exhibitions, lectures, and study.We hope this winter to establish a fund to be used for the purchase ofworks of art for the University. A series of important exhibitions and lectures has been scheduled for the year. There are monthly book talksfor members and students to bring them together for informal discussion.Prints and books relating to current exhibitions are shown, with a brieftalk on a given subject, after which tea is served.The first exhibition of the season, held in Wieboldt Hall in October,was of medieval manuscripts and documents presented to the Universityby Mr. Martin A. Ryerson and Miss Shirley Farr, and groups of alumni.An illustrated lecture on "Some Aspects of Medieval Life as Illustrated inthe Manuscripts" was given by Professor John M. Manly.During November there was a lecture on "Chartres Cathedral," byM. Marcel Aubert, under the auspices of the new Institute of Fine Arts ofthe University, founded by Mr. and Mrs. Max Epstein. Instead of theusual activities, the society arranged for the framing of a series of panelswhich had been prepared and presented to the University by ProfessorEdith Rickert. These are rubbings from monumental brasses on Englishtombs of the thirteenth to fifteenth centuries — fine expressions of Gothicforms and ideas. They are now hanging in the corridors of Wieboldt Hall.The first book talk was held in Ida Noyes Hall. The topic was "Mo-42THE RENAISSANCE SOCIETY IN 1929-1930 43digliani," and the important exhibition of his works about to be opened tothe Arts Club. It was decided, in recognition of the hospitality of Mrs.Goodspeed and Ida Noyes Hall, that in future students should be invitedto the book talks, whether members of the Society or not. From December3 to 1 8, a collection of modern drawings and lithographs was exhibited.On December 4 the book talk at Ida Noyes Hall was conducted by FrancesFoy Dalstrom; the subject, "Matisse, Picasso, and the French Tradition."The program for the new year will open with a reception in honor ofMr. and Mrs. Max Epstein and Mr. and Mrs. John Shapley on January 2.An exhibition of medieval illuminations will be shown from January 6 to17; Professor Shapley will lecture to the society and friends of the University on "Medieval Illumination" January 6 at 8: 15. These events willbring those who are interested into touch with a course in medieval art tobe given by Professor Shapley in the Winter Quarter.An important collection of modern French art arranged by the Chester Johnson Galleries will be shown in February. On February 10, whilethe exhibition is still on view, there will be a lecture by Mr. Thomas Mun-ro, of New York University, on "El Greco and His Influence on ModernArt." The book talk will be conducted by Miss Alice Roullier, chairmanof the Art Committee of the Arts Club. Miss Roullier will read a paper on"Aesthetic Judgment." Prints and books illustrating modern French artwill be shown and discussed.Further announcements of the program will be made later, the purposes of which are: the comparison of the art of different periods; tradition and its influences on methods ; the plastic elements of rhythm and design; the expression of a time and its customs in the personality and experience of the artist ; and, finally, the attainment, through a more sympathetic and intelligent attitude toward the art of our own time, of a fullerunderstanding of that of the past.One of the important events of the late winter will be an exhibitionof religious art, with objects loaned by Mr. Martin A. Ryerson, Mr. MaxEpstein, Mrs. Frank R. Lillie, and others. Also, there will be exhibitedthrough the courtesy of the Art Institute a group of paintings selectedfrom the annual exhibition of the work of artists of Chicago and vicinity.Membership in the Renaissance Society is open to those of the Faculty, students, and friends of the University who are interested in what thesociety is doing. A cordial invitation is extended to them to confer with thesecretary, Mr. Hugh Morrison, of the Department of Art of the University, or with Mrs. Henry G. Gale, chairman of the Membership Committee.CYRUS S. EATON, TRUSTEEIT WAS with pleasure that the Trustees of the University met the latest addition to the membership of the Board at the ceremonies attendant upon the inauguration of President Hutchins. At the meeting of the Trustees held on November 14, 1929, Mr. Cyrus S. Eaton, ofCleveland, Ohio, was unanimously elected to succeed Mr. Robert P. La-mont, who resigned to become secretary of the Department of Commercein President Hoover's cabinet. Mr. Eaton was born in Nova Scotia onDecember 27, 1883, and is in the prime of his useful and successful career.He was graduated from Woodstock College and from McMaster University, Toronto, in 1905, and two years later married Miss Margaret House,of Cleveland. There are seven children in his family. Mr. Eaton moved toCleveland in 1900 and speedily became an American citizen. He rapidlyrose to a position of influence in the world of finance as centered at Cleveland, and for that matter in the Middle West. His first business activitiesconsisted of the operation of public utility properties from 1906 to 19 12,when he organized the Continental Gas and Electric Corporation controlling a group of public utility companies in the Middle West. Thefinancing of this company brought him in contact with Otis and Company,of Cleveland, of which he became a partner in 191 5. Otis and Companyis one of the largest banking houses in the country. The chief operationsof Continental Gas and Electric Corporation were originally in KansasCity, but the system grew gradually to include properties in the surrounding states and elsewhere. In 1925 Mr. Eaton became interested in thesteel industry and through Otis and Company was instrumental in financing the Trumbull Steel Company, then in a precarious position, which waslater merged with Republic Iron and Steel Company. The Republic Corporation last year also acquired Steel and Tubes, Inc. Under Mr. Eaton'sguidance the Central Steel Company and United Alloy Corporation weremerged to form the Central Alloy Steel Corporation, which recently tookover the Interstate Iron and Steel Company, of Chicago. Mr. Eaton is adirector of the Inland Steel Company, of Chicago, and is also a large stockholder in several other leading independent steel companies, as well assome of the larger rubber companies, and is interested in numerous othercorporations.As would be supposed, a man so efficient in business would be soughtas a member of social clubs, but while this statement is undoubtedly true,44A NEW MEMBER OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES— CYRUS S. EATONCYRUS S. EATON, TRUSTEE 45it is as true, undoubtedly, that in such circles it is for the kindliness oftheir personality and the charm of their smile that he and Mrs. Eaton areso cordially received. The whole family enjoys the summer place at Acadia Farm (the name a reminder of the old home in the Evangeline country) , at Northfield, Ohio, while Mr. Eaton seeks relaxation and fun in theHoover-like sport of fishing in Nova Scotia streams. He is a Baptist. Heis a nephew of Dr. Charles A. Eaton, a well-known Baptist minister, formerly pastor of churches in New York and Cleveland, and lately memberof Congress from New Jersey.Mr. Eaton is a trustee of Denison University, a Baptist institution atGranville, Ohio, the Case School of Applied Science, of the Cleveland Museum of Natural History, of the Cleveland Young Men's Christian Association, and of Hiram House, Cleveland. The University of Chicago maywell congratulate itself that it has been able to secure the active co-operation of a Trustee so well fitted for the office by experience and service.MEN'S HALL ON THE MIDWAYA MONG the many benefactions of the Founder, Mr. John D. Rocke-LJL feller, was the gift to the University, some twenty-five years ago,-Z. JL of an amount of money sufficient to permit the purchase of landsouth of the Midway Plaisance. Mr. Wallace Heckman, then Counsel andBusiness Manager, was able, at a fair price, to secure the entire frontageextending from Cottage Grove Avenue on the west to Dorchester Avenueon the east, a distance of practically three-quarters of a mile. A portion ofthis land is a full block in depth reaching south from Sixtieth Street toSixty-first; the remainder practically half a block in depth.During the administration of President Burton it was thought thatupon a portion of this land, so wisely foreseen as necessary to the growthof the University, the proposed group of medical buildings should be erected. When, however, it was realized how essential to the best developmentof the medical program was the bringing of all departments which are related to medicine (the fundamental sciences in particular) into close proximity to the Clinics, the site of the medical buildings was changed to thespot where now they rear their stately towers. This change permitted animportant alteration in the policy theretofore followed. It was determinedto use the south side of the Midway as the site of dormitories for men andwomen, buildings long and sorely needed.In accordance with this strategic move, plans for two groups of residence halls for men and women, respectively, were developed. One design,that of the men's halls, is the work of Zantzinger, Borie and Medary, ofPhiladelphia, and herewith its Midway and Ingleside Avenue elevationsare reproduced. As may be observed by the illustrations, the building,which is to house some 440 students, will have two fronts — one on theMidway and one on Ingleside Avenue, behind which fronts are twospacious quadrangles.The English Collegiate Gothic architecture, so familiar in other University buildings, suggests utility rather than extreme ornamentation, although the well-placed tower lends dignity to the extended series of separate but united sections. There are to be several dining-rooms, in orderthat the number of students using them will not be so large as to preventfriendly relationships. The remainder of the specified block is to be setaside for playgrounds. The Midway halls are to be four and five stories in46Cmfc^J[wt^rCSgf- <isQcW:-oC/3hJXyoww><WHMEN'S HALL ON THE MIDWAY 47height, while the others are lower. The entire block will be landscapedand surrounded by an ornamental fence, an improvement which the Midway property has long needed to hide its sand piles and weeds.The hall for women will be provided later. It will be of somewhat similar design. The two dormitory groups will require the expenditure ofsomething like $3,000,000, a liberal portion of which amount is providedby the noteworthy contribution of Mr. Julius Rosenwald.DEDICATION OF NEW BUILDINGSBERNARD EDWARD SUNNY GYMNASIUMBy Robert Woellnerp — g — ^HE evening of November 26 marked the dedication of the Ber-I nard Edward Sunny Gymnasium. This new building provides forH an enlarged program of physical education for the pupils of thelaboratory schools of the School of Education. "Sunny Gym," as the newgymnasium is already generally called, is conveniently located for use byboth the high school and elementary school pupils, and is built upon Jack-man field, which has been used as the playground for many years by thepupils of the laboratory schools.Dr. Charles Hubbard Judd, director of the School of Education, presided. The first speaker of the evening was Mr. Bernard E. Sunny, chairman of the Citizens' Committee of the University of Chicago, and thedonor of the gymnasium. The audience, consisting of more than twelvehundred patrons and friends of the University, enthusiastically greetedMr. Sunny and showed by their presence and greetings that they heartilyindorsed the nature of his splendid gift and the high principles of true education which he expounded. Miss Lorraine Watson, president of the Student Council, spoke on behalf of the pupils of the laboratory schools.Miss Watson called attention to the high state of morale among the students and accounted for it, in part, by the coming of the new gymnasium.Dr. Lloyd Burgess Sharp, head of the Department of Physical Educationof the laboratory schools, explained the gymnasium and told of the plansunder way for the physical educational program. He emphasized the valueof recreational independence as an end-product of a sound physical training program.The final speaker of the evening was President Hutchins. After accepting the gymnasium as a representative of the Board of Trustees of theUniversity, President Hutchins told some of his plans and ideals. He toldof the gift of $1,500,000 from the General Education Board for the Schoolof Education, to be used in part for the study of the preschool child, thebackward child, and adult education. A new building for these purposeswill soon be forthcoming.After the program, the senior members of the high school acted as48socKuCOXcHom<;cgo>¦yo¦SiwQ<HP5DEDICATION OF NEW BUILDINGS 49guides for the visitors. Many viewed for the first time the beautiful nata-torium, the main gymnasium, the smaller playrooms, the corrective gymnasiums, and the numerous other points of interest. The entire occasionindicated the keen appreciation all feel toward the coming of the newbuilding made possible by Mr. Sunny's generosity.GEORGE HERBERT JONES LABORATORYThe George Herbert Jones Laboratory, representing the realizationof an ambition and a wish harbored for many years, was dedicated on themorning of December 16, 1929. The ceremonies took place in Kent Theater, since the new building has no room large enough for the purpose.Mr. Jones, in presenting the completed building, spoke of the pleasurehe had felt in being able to make the gift and in watching the laboratorygrow toward completion. He expressed the hope that the work carriedout in the new building would cement more closely the work of pure science and that of industry. President Hutchins, in his acceptance of thebuilding from Mr. Jones, spoke of the long years during which the workof the Department, especially its research activities, have had to be carried out in inadequate quarters. He stressed the great influence which theDepartment of Chemistry had had in the development of chemistry inthis country by pointing out the large number of graduates who were atpresent heads of departments or occupants of professorial chairs in theuniversities, and who are engaged in research in the scientific institutionsor in the industries.The dedication of the building was also made the occasion of the presentation of busts of Mr. George Herbert Jones, and of the first three professors of the Department to the University. Mr. Jones' bust was presented by Mrs. Walter J. Jarratt, daughter of Mr. Jones, and received for theUniversity by Mr. David Evans, president of the Chicago Steel Foundriesand a member of the Citizens Committee. Mrs. Jarratt spoke briefly, butMr. Evans gave a splendid picture of Mr. Jones' career and personality.He spoke of the bust as a symbol of Mr. Jones, and of Mr. Jones as a symbol of the successful business man, whose success was measured, not interms of wealth acquired, but in terms of the far-seeing and generousspirit in which that wealth is used.The presentation of the busts of Professor J. U. Nef, first head of theDepartment, Professor Julius Stieglitz, the present Chairman, and Professor Alexander Smith, first Professor of Inorganic Chemistry, followed.The first two busts are the gift of alumni and friends, the last the gift of50 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDMrs. Sara Bowles Smith, the wife, and of the children of Professor Smith.Presentation of the bust of Professor Nef was made by Dr. F. W. Upson,Ph.D. '10, of the University of Qhicago, and now chairman of the Department of Chemistry and dean of the Graduate School at the University ofNebraska. Responses were by Professor John W. E. Glattfeld, of the University of Chicago (Ph.D. 1913), who spoke on "Nef, the Man andTeacher," and by Dr. Herman A. Spoehr, of the Carnegie Institution,Stanford University (Ph.D. 1909, Chicago), who spoke on "Nef, the Investigator."The bust of Dr. Stieglitz was modeled by Mrs. Alice L. Siems; thatof Professor Nef and that of Mr. Jones by Leonard Crunelle; and that ofProfessor Smith by Ulric Ellerhusen.Mrs. Smith was unable to be present on this occasion, but a letter presenting her gift was read by Professor Mary M. Rising, of the Departmentof Chemistry. The responses came from Mr. W. D. Richardson, chiefchemist of Swift and Company, and Professor R. H. McKee (Ph.D. 1901 )of the Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University. Theceremonies closed with the presentation of the bust of Dr. Julius Stieglitzby Dr. B. B. Freud (Ph.D. 1928), of the Armour Institute, and its acceptance by Professor H. I. Schlesinger (Ph.D. 1905) for the Department ofChemistry.SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH BUILDINGBy L. D. WhiteThe Social Science Research Building at the University, occupying aposition on the University Quadrangles adjacent to and east of HarperLibrary, filling in the Midway front at the University, was dedicated withappropriate ceremonies on December 16 and 17.The dedication was widely attended by guests from various parts ofthe country and was made especially notable by the presence of threeguests invited for the occasion from abroad: Sir William Beveridge, director of the London School of Economics and Political Science, ProfessorCelestin Bougie, of the Sorbonne, and Professor Albrecht MendelssohnBartholdy, of the University of Hamburg. Sir William Beveridge delivered a series of six lectures on unemployment in Great Britain in the weekprevious to the dedication.The ceremonies, which were held for the most part in the AssemblyRoom of the Social Science Research Building, were opened by an addressof dedication delivered by President Hutchins. Following this addressft¦ f9 '%ISWpi i It- —¦** to:'u£ !fcrf-'. wi B&t_ XoH<oPQ<-1Oi— iHWP5KwcWoDEDICATION OF NEW BUILDINGS 51Professor Wesley C. Mitchell, of Columbia University, read a paper entitled "The Function of Research in the Social Sciences." At the close ofthe morning exercises Professor A. Mendelssohn Bartholdy delivered aninteresting address in defense of bureaucracy.The company adjourned for luncheon, at which representatives ofseven university research councils made brief addresses. The speakerswere: Wilson Gee, Institute for Research in Social Sciences, Universityof Virginia; Howard Odum, Institute for Research in the Social Sciences,University of North Carolina; Murray S. Wildman, Stanford UniversityCouncil; Max S. Handman, University of Texas Council; Donald Slesinger, Yale Institute of Human Relations; Arthur M. Schlesinger, theMilton Fund of Harvard University; Wesley C. Mitchell, Columbia University Council.In the afternoon Dr. Edwin R. Embree, president of the Julius Rosenwald Fund, presided over an interesting session devoted to two papers, oneby John C. Merriam, president of the Carnegie Institution, entitled "Significance of the Border Area between Natural and Social Sciences"; theother by Dr. M. C. Winternitz, dean of the Yale Medical School, on "Research in the Medical and Social Sciences."In the evening a banquet was served over which President Hutchinspresided. He introduced first Sir William Beveridge, who spoke on thesubject of "International Co-operation in Social Science," and who wasfollowed by Dr. Harold G. Moulton, president of the Brookings Institution, who spoke on "Co-operation in Social Science Research."The ceremonies continued on Tuesday morning with a stimulating address by Professor Celestin Bougie, delivered in French, on the subject"The Present Tendency of the Social Sciences in France." He was to havebeen followed by Professor Boas, of Columbia University, but owing tothe unfortunate death of Mrs. Boas in an automobile accident the day preceding he was unable to be present. In his place Professor W. F. Ogburnread a paper on "Some Problems of Methodology in the Social Sciences."At the luncheon, presided over by President Walter Dill Scott, paperswere read by Dr. Beardsley Ruml, director of the Spelman Fund, on "Recent Trends in the Social Sciences," and by C. Judson Herrick on "TheScientific Study of Man and the Humanities." This part of the dedicationceremonies was brought to a close by "A Word in Conclusion" deliveredby Professor C. E. Merriam.The final event took place at the Autumn Convocation, which washeld Tuesday afternoon. The convocation orator was Professor E. B. Wilson, president of the Social Science Research Council, who spoke on the52 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDsubject, iCWhat Is Science?" His address will be printed in the April issueof the University Record.The honorary degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred upon Sir William Beveridge, Albrecht Mendelssohn Bartholdy, Celestin Bougie, andWesley C. Mitchell.NEW SYRIAC MANUSCRIPTS ACQUIRED BY THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTETwo beautiful and important Syriac manuscripts were added thissummer to the collection of treasured manuscripts in the Oriental Institute of the University. The smaller manuscript contains liturgical selections, songs, and prayers, as well as biblical readings for every day of theyear, and has a total of about 35,000 lines. The larger manuscript, probably the largest Syriac manuscript in existence, measures 63 cm. in height,46 cm. in width, and 7.5 cm. in thickness. It contains 311 heavy parchment folios (622 pages) written on both sides, three columns to the page,making a total of 100,000 lines. At the top of the pages marking the beginning and end of quires, the title of the manuscript is given as A Collection of Selected Discourses of All Kinds on All the Feasts Composedby the Orthodox Holy Fathers. There are 113 mimre and turgame (sermons and homilies) by leading figures in the Syrian church from thefourth to the seventh century.Both manuscripts, though they show marks of waterlogging aroundthe edges, probably from having been kept in cellars and caves duringevil days, are in perfect condition in the inscribed parts. More than halfof the material contained in them has never been published, and is of greatimportance for a better and more thorough understanding of the development of the Syrian church and of that interesting synthesis of creed andculture which became the consummate creation of the medieval mind.The manuscripts were brought by a native from the interior of Turkey, and were acquired for the Oriental Institute by Professor MartinSprengling, from a Parisian antiquities dealer in the summer of 1929.tfnHi-oy<X<o>KaoXcga£>pqXo<xW«uisuen<CJo¦J.THE BOARD OF TRUSTEESBy JOHN F. MOULDS, Secretary of the BoardELECTION OF CYRUS S. EATON AS TRUSTEEMR. CYRUS S. EATON", of Cleveland, Ohio, has been elected aTrustee of the University in the class the term of which expires with the annual meeting in 1930.RETIREMENT OF ALBERT A. MICHELSONOn account of the state of Mr. Michelson's health, the Board has acceded to his request for retirement June 30, 1930, with the title ProfessorEmeritus.DISTINGUISHED SERVICE PROFESSORSHIP APPOINTMENTSThe following Distinguished Service Professorships have been established, and the persons appointed to them are as indicated:The Frank P. Hixon Professorship: Anton J. Carlson, of the Department of Physiology.The Charles H. Swift Professorship: James H. Breasted, of the Department of Oriental Languages.The Sewell L. Avery Professorship: John M. Manly, of the Department of English.The Morton D. Hull Professorship: Charles E. Merriam, of the Department of Political Science.The Charles F. Grey Professorship: Charles H. Judd, of the Department of Education.The Eliakim Hastings Moore Professorship: Leonard E. Dickson, ofthe Department of Mathematics.The Martin A. Ryerson Professorship was previously established andAlbert A. Michelson, of the Department of Physics, appointed to it.SAMUEL DEUTSCH PROFESSORSHIPThe Samuel Deutsch Professorship in the Graduate School of SocialService Administration has been established and Professor Sophonisba P.Breckinridge has been appointed to it for the year 1929-30.DEPARTMENT OF PEDIATRICSA Department of Pediatrics has been established in the MedicalSchool of the Ogden Graduate School of Science.S354 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDDEATH OF DR. WILLIAM THOMAS BELFIELDDr. William Thomas Belfield, Professor Emeritus of Surgery in RushMedical College, died October 4, 1929.GIFTSThe General Education Board has appropriated $1,500,000 to theUniversity for endowment, buildings (including endowment for maintenance), and/or equipment, for the School of Education.The General Education Board has appropriated $1,000,000 to theUniversity, or so much thereof as may be necessary, for endowment of theinstruction of negroes in the clinical branches of medicine in the proposednew Provident Hospital of Chicago.A pledge of $50,000 has been received from a donor who desires thatthe gift shall remain anonymous, the principal of the fund to be kept intact and the income used toward increasing the salaries of outstandingteachers in the undergraduate colleges, as an incentive to the better teaching of undergraduates.Mr. John D. Rockefeller, Jr., has contributed $50,000 toward theendowment of the Ernest DeWitt Burton Memorial Professorship.An appropriation of $50,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary,has been appropriated by the Rockefeller Foundation for use over a five-year period beginning approximately January 1, 1930, for studies in comparative philology under the direction of Professor Carl D. Buck.Mr. Pierre duPont has pledged to pay the salaries for two years ofa chemist and a physiologist to carry on research under the direction ofProfessor Kharasch on the preparation of new organic lead compoundsfor the treatment of cancer.The Chemical Foundation, in recognition of Professor Stieglitz' important contributions to chemistry and medicine, has appropriated $10,-000 per year for five years for research in chemistry applied to medicine,the fund to be known as "The Julius Stieglitz Fund for Research in Chemistry Applied to Medicine," and to be used under the direction of Professor Stieglitz.The following persons have pledged $1,500 for the expenses of an investigation under the direction of Professor Carlson, of the Departmentof Physiology: Ralph Bard, H. L. Hanley, Judge F. S. Wilson, Allen L.Withers, and Brooke Anderson. The investigation is of the so-called"Chesney process" of producing antirachitic properties in substances suchas ergosterol by exposure to the ultra-violet rays of sunlight.A grant of $6,000 has been received from the Wander Company, man-THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 55ufacturing chemists, for support of research in the Department of Physiology under the direction of Professon Carlson.Mr. Frank S. Mandel has contributed $1,000 for the continuation ofresearch on cataract under the direction of Professor A. J. Carlson, of theDepartment of Physiology.A pledge has been received from the Sandoz Chemical Works, Inc., of$1,200 for the support of certain studies of the effects of calcium guconate,the study to be under the direction of Professor Luckhardt, of the Department of Physiology.The Payne Study and Experiment Fund has contributed $1,250 forthe use of Professor L. L. Thurstone, of the Department of Psychology,for the continuation of his motion-picture studies.One thousand dollars a year has been pledged by the Chicago JointBoard of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers, until such time as the donors shall wish to discontinue the contribution, for a fellowship to beknown as the "Sidney Hillman Fellowship in Industrial Relations." Thefellowship will be open to graduate students in economics who have donemeritorious work in the field of labor.The Southwest Society has given $500 for the expenses of certain anthropological field work in New Mexico under the direction of ProfessorSapir.Support of a special study of the germicidal action of certain chemicals, under the direction of Professor Jordan, of the Department of Hygiene and Bacteriology, has been assured by grant of $550 received fromthe National Selected Morticians, Inc.The following pledges to the Development Fund have been receivedto be in effect until the donors shall give notice otherwise: Edwin F. Man-del, $1,000 a year; Shirley Farr, $1,000 a year; and an anonymous donor,$1,000 a year.Mr. Cyrus S. Eaton, newly elected Trustee of the University, haspledged $2,000 for two fellowships in mathematics for Canadian students.Eli Lilly and Company has contributed $1,000 for a fellowship inphysiology for 1929-30, the fellow to carry on research on parathyroidglands under the direction of Professor A. J. Carlson.The American-German Student Exchange has renewed its fellowshipfor 1929-30 by the payment of $1,060.The Mortarboard Scholarship Committee has added $1,000 to theMortarboard Aid Fund.Mr. M. H. MacLean has pledged $750 a year for four years for thesupport of a scholarship or scholarships for worthy and needy students inthe University.56 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDThe University Study Club has renewed its two loan scholarships for1929-30 by the gift of $300.Mrs. Frances M. Chave has renewed the Frances M. Chave loanscholarship for 1929-30 by the gift of $300.The $225 scholarship of the Society of Colonial Wars in the State ofIllinois has been renewed for 1929-30.The Stonewall Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacyhas renewed its half-scholarship of $150 for 1929-30 for the benefit of aworthy descendant of a Confederate veteran.The following contributions have been received to a fund for bringingProfessor Walter Starkie, of the University of Dublin, to the Universityas a Visiting Professor: F. J. Lewis, $200; John J. O'Brien, $200; Edward Hines, $200; and E. A. Cudahy, Jr., $200.Five hundred dollars has been added to the endowment of the Institute of Fine Arts in the University by a member of the University whodoes not wish his name to be disclosed. It is the donor's hope that thisfirst addition to the gift of Mr. Epstein will indicate to him "the interestwhich his generosity has aroused in at least one friend of the University,and may encourage others to create an adequate endowment for thebuilding."Cornelius Teninga has given $500 for the purchase of a collection ofbooks for the Department of German.Dr. R. A. F. Penrose, Jr., has renewed his annual contribution for thesupport of the Journal of Geology by a contribution of $500.Miss Edith Rickert, of the Department of English, has given to theUniversity, as a nucleus of a larger collection, twenty-six tracings of monumental brasses, of which fifteen are reproductions of the famous Cobhambrasses in Cobham Church, Kent, England.Mr. Frederick T. Haskell has given $700 for the purchase of a rareNew Testament manuscript for the use of the Department of New Testament.Mrs. A. A. Sprague has contributed $100 for the work of the AuxiliaryCommittee of the University Clinics.A trial installation of acoustone tile construction in the Billings Hospital was made possible through the generosity of Mr. Sewell L. Avery.A portrait of Bernard Albert Eckhart will be hung in the new Eck-hart Hall through the generosity of the family of Mr. Eckhart, the members of which are having it painted by Louis Betts.Mrs. Herbert Goodman has presented to the University an oil portrait of Mr. Edward Goodman, one of the charter Trustees of the University.THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 57A bronze bust of the late Professor John Ulric Nef has been presentedto the University by a large number of present and former students andfriends of the Department of Chemistry, and has been placed in the GeorgeHerbert Jones Laboratory.A portrait of Professor Eliakim Hastings Moore painted by RalphClarkson has been presented to the University through the generosity offormer students, colleagues, and other friends of Mr. Moore. The portrait will be hung in the new Bernard Albert Eckhart Hall.Under the will of the late Dr. William Thomas Belfield the Universityis named as ultimate beneficiary of a certain portion of the estate, the income on the amount received to be used for study and teaching in thefield of andrology. It is stated in Dr. Belfield's will that the bequest is inacknowledgment of the appreciation which the Trustees evidenced for thetestator's brother, Henry Holmes Belfield, deceased, in giving his name tothe building at the School of Education of the University, of which hisbrother was for years the director.The late Charles H. Wacker bequeathed $5,000 to the University asan evidence of his interest.APPOINTMENTSThe following, appointments, in addition to reappointments, weremade by the Board of Trustees during the Autumn Quarter, 1929 :Howard C. Greer, part-time Professor of Accounting in the School ofCommerce and Administration from October 1, 1929, to June 30, 1930,and as Director of the Institute of Meat Packing from January 1, 1930,to October 1, 1930.William A. Irwin, now of the University of Toronto, Professor in theDepartment of Oriental Languages, from July 1, 1930.Arno Poebel, now professor of Assyriology in the University of Rostock, Germany, as Professor of Sumerian in the Department of OrientalLanguages and Literatures, from April 1, 1930.Mortimer Jerome Adler, now of Columbia University, as AssociateProfessor in the Department of Philosophy, for three years from October1, 1930.Walter Petersen, as Associate Professor in the Department of Comparative Philology, for two years from April 1, 1930.Dr. David R. Briggs, as Assistant Professor of Chemistry in the Department of Pathology, under the Sprague Memorial Institute, for oneyear from October 1, 1929.Dr. C. H. Davis, as Assistant Clinical Professor in the Department of5§ THE UNIVERSITY RECORDObstetrics and Gynecology in Rush Medical College, from October i?1929, to June 30, 1930.Dr. Loh Seng Tsai, as Assistant Professor of Pathology under theSprague Memorial Institute, for one year from August 1,1929.Dr. W. O. Thompson, as Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine, inthe Department of Medicine, in Rush Medical College, for the period fromNovember 15, 1929, to June 30, 1930.Major Paul S. Wagner, as Assistant Professor of Military Science andTactics, in the Department of Military Science and Tactics, and as Assistant Professor of Military Medicine in the Department of Medicine atRush Medical College, for one year from October 1, 1929.Margaret Bradley, as Instructor in Medical Social Work in the Graduate School of Social Service Administration for one year from October1,1929.Richard L. Jenkins, Instructor in the Department of Physiology, forone year from January 1, 1930.V. E. Johnson, Instructor in the Department of Physiology, for oneyear from October 1, 1929.John D. Ralph, part-time Instructor in the Department of Greek, forthree quarters from October 1, 1929.Kimball Young, Instructor in the Department of Sociology for theAutumn Quarter, 1929.Elmer Dershem, Research Associate in the Department of Physics,for one year from November 1, 1929.Father Berard Haile, as Research Associate in the Department of Anthropology, for one year from October 1,1929.Emery T. Filbey, as Assistant to the President for six months fromJanuary 1, 1930.H. Frankfort, of London, England, as Field Director of the AssyrianExpedition of the Oriental Institute, for one year from December 1, 1929.A. H. Kent, Secretary of the Law School, for one year from October1,1929.Dr. Ralph Waldo Webster, as Professorial Lecturer in Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology in the Department of Medicine, for the WinterQuarter, 1930.Robert C. Woellner, as Executive Secretary of the Board of Vocational Guidance and Placement.Anna D. Wolf, as Superintendent of Nurses in the University of Chicago Clinics, for three years from January 1, 1930.Karl Borders, Lecturer in the Graduate School of Social Service Administration, for three quarters from October 1,1929.THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 59Dr. Irene T. Mead, as part-time Physician in the Health Service foreight months from November i, 1929.Lucy W. Markley, as a member of the Library Staff for eight monthsfrom November 1, 1929.Palmer Clark, as Director of the University Band for the AutumnQuarter, 1929, and the Winter and Spring Quarters, 1930.Porter Heaps, as Assistant Organist in the University Chapel for oneyear from October 1, 1929.PROMOTIONSDr. Roy R. Grinker has been promoted to an assistant professorshipof neurology for three years from October 1, 1929.Dr. Dewey Katz has been promoted to an assistant professorship ofsurgery in the Division of Ophthalmology for three years from January1, 1930.LEAVES OF ABSENCEThe following leaves of absence were granted during the AutumnQuarter, 1929:Associate Professor D. J. Fisher, of the Department of Geology, forthe Autumn Quarter, 1930, and Winter Quarter, 193 1, in order to studyabroad.Professor Edgar J. Goodspeed, for the Winter Quarter, 193 1, in orderto study and search for manuscripts in North Africa and Egypt.Dr. Ida Kraus-Ragins, Instructor in the Department of Physiological Chemistry, for one year from July 1, 1929.RESIGNATIONSProfessor I. S. Falk, of the Department of Hygiene and Bacteriology,effective December 31, 1929.L. H. Reece, Placement Counselor on the Board of Vocational Guidance and Placement, effective October 15, 1929.MISCELLANEOUSA duplicate of the official University flag has been made for presentation to the Library of the University of Louvain, Belgium, to be placed inthe main reading-room of that library along with flags of other Americancolleges and universities.The Board has voted that the income from the Charles RichmondHenderson Fund shall be divided into two equal parts, one for undergraduate scholarships and one for graduate fellowships, the latter part tobe further divided as follows: $1,000 for a fellowship to be known as "The6o THE UNIVERSITY RECORDCharles Richmond Henderson Fellowship in Sociology" and the remainder for a "Charles Richmond Henderson Fellowship in Science," the department to be determined by the Dean of the Ogden Graduate School ofScience.The Bernard Edward Sunny Gymnasium was dedicated November26, 1929.The George Herbert Jones Laboratory and the Social Science Building were dedicated on December 16 and 17.The following have been appointed an Advisory Committee on theAdministration of the Lasker Foundation for 1930: Dr. F. C. McLean,D. B. Phemister, Dr. A. J. Carlson, Dr. H. G. Wells, Dr. A. E. Cohn, Dr.A. B. Hastings, Dr. Russell M. Wilder, and Mr. A. D. Lasker.Messrs. Axelson, Dickerson, and Post were appointed as a specialCommittee on the details of the annual dinner of the Trustees to membersof the Faculties. The dinner was held on the evening of Wednesday, January 8, 1930, at six o'clock in the ballroom of the Hotel Shoreland.AMONG THE DEPARTMENTSTHE DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGEAND LITERATUREBy Napier WiltDEPARTMENTAL TREASURESTHE Bacon Collection of documents, given by Martin A. Ryerson,consists of nearly a thousand court and manor rolls and morethan sixteen hundred deeds, about two-thirds of the munimentsof Sir Nicholas Bacon. These are being rapidly calendared and indexedand offer to the student of paleography, historical English, and socialbackground in the Middle Ages a body of material perhaps unequaled inthis country. Besides these legal documents there are nearly a hundred unpublished letters from and to members of the Bacon family, includingabout fifty from Sir Nicholas himself.The University of Chicago has unequaled facilities for the study ofAmerican drama. The Fred W. Atkinson Collection of American plays,purchased in 1925 through the generosity of Mr. Charles Swift, is nowshelved for use in the rare book room. Recently the library acquired another collection of approximately two thousand plays. These are mimeographed copies of the plays popular on the American stage at the end ofthe nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth centuries. Many, perhapsmost, have never been published. Soon, it is hoped, these will be availablefor use in the rare book room together with the Atkinson Collection.NEW GIFTS FROM MARTIN A. RYERSONWhen Mr. Manly went abroad in January, 1929, Mr. Ryerson generously gave him carte blanche to purchase manuscripts for the Universityup to a very handsome sum. None of the manuscripts purchased were specifically English, but they form a notable addition to the constantlyincreasing collection of manuscript treasures in the possession of the University. Of the ten manuscripts purchased, three were of a liturgical character, including a fourteenth-century Latin manual of the saints, fromEngland, and a fourteenth-century book of hours in Dutch. Two charming fragments of illuminated manuscripts were purchased as illustrations6162 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDof the beauty and delicacy of medieval art. Of the remaining four manuscripts, two, at least, deserve specific mention: a fine vellum manuscriptof the fourteenth century, containing the "Poetria Nova" of Geoffrey deVinsauf and the epic comedy "Geta and Amphitryo" ascribed to Vitalis ofBlois. The former of these commands interest as having been one of thetreatises on rhetoric studied by Chaucer; the other, as one of the most important medieval echoes of ancient drama. Neither of these texts has, apparently, been known to editors. The other is a beautiful duodecimo manuscript on vellum, containing a paraphrase of Bible history in Frenchverse known as "La Bible" of Herman de Valenciennes. From the time ofits composition in the last half of the twelfth century, this poem was one ofthe principal sources from which other writers derived their knowledge ofBible history. Miss Lois Borland, who took her doctorate at the December convocation, has been able to show that Herman's book was the sourceof large parts of the Cursor Mundi. Another manuscript contains a copyof the famous roll of persons who came into England with William theConqueror and has the further interest of showing fine pen drawings inseveral stages of incompleteness, thus illustrating the processes of medieval artists. These manuscripts and other documents, together with a collection given to the University by Miss Shirley Farr, were exhibited inWieboldt Hall during October under the auspices of the Renaissance Society.WHAT'S DOING IN THE DEPARTMENTMr. Manly and Miss Rickert are devoting almost their entire time toresearch concerning the text of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales and concerning his life. With funds derived from one of the foundations, they have astaff of workers engaged in collating all the manuscripts of the CanterburyTales. For this purpose, photostatic copies of practically all the manuscripts have been secured. They are housed in 410 Wieboldt Hall, wherethe staff engaged in collating the readings works. The method of collationis simple and complete, with one card, or, when necessary, more than one,for each line. Every variant reading from every manuscript is recorded.On the basis of the complete record of variant readings, the manuscriptswill be classified and the critical text prepared. In addition to this activity, a small corps of workers under the leadership of Miss Bressie is engaged in organizing and digesting the information available on Chaucer'slife. Mr. Manly and Miss Rickert have a staff of four workers in the Public Record Office at London, devoting their time to a systematic examination of records for the purpose of finding details about Chaucer's life.For some years, now, Mr. Manly and Miss Rickert have divided theirAMONG THE DEPARTMENTS 63time between Chicago and London, spending approximately six months ineach place. Last winter, Mr. Manly was studying the makeup of theChaucer manuscripts; that is, every indication that he can find of thephysical processes involved in the production of the manuscripts. MissRickert has been studying the history of the individual manuscripts, largely from signatures and other scribbles found in them. She has been ableto trace many of the manuscripts back to very early owners in the fifteenthcentury.An unusual gift has been made by Mr. Manly to the British Museum— an ultra-violet fluorescence cabinet. The ultra-violet rays assist inrendering legible manuscript which has been obscured by smoke, stains,friction, or a palimpsest. Hitherto various reagents have been employedto elucidate writing which is obscure through the causes mentioned. Theold-fashioned reagent was gallic acid, which had the disadvantage of discoloring the manuscript to which it was applied. Mr. Manly's gift has nowput its resources at the service of students in the manuscript room at theBritish Museum.Mr. Baskervill has been in Pasadena, California, where he has beencarrying on research in the Huntington Library. The major part of hiswork is to be on the subject of political ideas in Shakespeare. The University Press has recently published Mr. Baskervill 's Elizabethan Jig, a bookon which he had been working for many years. The jig, as those who havebeen studying Elizabethan drama under Mr. Baskervill know, was a combination of song and dance, an extremely popular, if not always proper,form of entertainment.Sir William Craigie's work both in teaching and research is in the fieldof lexicography. With the help of special assistants and graduate studentshe is engaged in the compilation of two large dictionaries, which are partsof a general scheme for the further development of English lexicographyon the lines of the great Oxford Dictionary. For one of these, a Dictionaryof the Older Scottish Tongue, the material is so far completed and prepared that printing can be commenced as soon as the problem of costs canbe solved. For the other, a Historical Dictionary of American English, thecollection of sufficient material is at present the main task, in which theco-operation of other universities and of volunteer workers is being sought.This is intended to be not merely a dictionary of Americanisms, and stillless of American slang, but a full record of the language of the colonies andthe United States from the seventeenth century to the present time.Mr. Lovett continues to divide his time between teaching in Chicagoand editing in New York. He has contributed many articles and reviews64 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDto the New Republic, of which he is literary editor. Mr. Boynton has beenstudying the life of Concord, Massachusetts, in the 1840's as revealed bymaterial in the Concord libraries. In addition to this and to his teaching,he has written on "Emerson in His Period" for the International Journalof Ethics, has read a paper on "The Conquest of the Pioneer as Recordedin American Fiction" at a conference on the history of the trans-Mississippi West, at the University of Colorado, and has revised his anthology ofAmerican poetry. Several other articles are in press.In 1928 Mr. Cross received a grant from the Rockefeller Foundationwhich enabled him to visit Ireland to collect material for a study of theCeltic background of Chretien's Charrete and other versions of the "Abduction of Guenevere." The results will be published during the autumnby the University Press in The Theme of Lancelot and Guenevere, towhich Mr. Nitze will also contribute. Mr. Crane, whose New Essays byOliver Goldsmith was published by the University of Chicago Press inDecember, 1928, has in preparation a critical edition of the same author'sTraveller and Deserted Village. With Professor A. D. McKiliop of theRice Institute, he is working on an edition of Edward Young's Conjectureson Original Composition. Mr. Hulbert, in collaboration with Dr. V. B.Hulbert, has produced a book entitled Effective English, which was published by the University of Chicago Press.Mr. Sherburn while working in the British Museum completed a volume of Selections from Alexander Pope, which was published in March,1929. In September, 1929, he went to Pasadena to work in the ResearchInstitute of the Huntington Library for a year. While in California hehopes to finish a biographical study of Pope's early career, and to makesome progress on other projects. During the year his publications, asidefrom the Pope selections, have consisted of reviews in Modern Philologyand in Modern Language Notes. Mr. Grabo and his graduate classes havebeen specializing in Shelley. Some of the results of their labors have appeared in two articles in the Philological Quarterly: "Electricity, theSpirit of the Earth in Shelley's Prometheus Unbound'' and "AstronomicalAllusions in Shelley's Prometheus Unbound." A book on Shelley's use ofscience in the same poem is now ready for the press. Other books in preparation are an elaborately annotated edition of Prometheus Unbound andan intellectual biography of Shelley, a history of his ideas.Miss Albright has been working in the British Museum and PublicRecord Office, London, on the life and work of Spenser, and on problemsconnected with authors' rights and copyright in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. She has recently published several books and articles.AMONG THE DEPARTMENTS 65Mr. Wilt has just published Some American Humorists, a book of selections from some of the nineteenth-century American humorists. At thepresent time he is working on Ambrose Bierce in an effort to evaluate thesupposedly autobiographical elements of the sketches and stories in thelight of Bierce's war record.The teaching of nineteenth-century literature and English composition, and editorial- and column-writing for the Chicago Herald and Examiner, have occupied Mr. Linn for the last few years. Mrs. Flint, in addition to her usual schedule of teaching, has been spending a great deal oftime in administrative work. Mr. Marsh, Extension Professor of English,has recently published an edition of the poetry and prose of John Hamilton Reynolds. As Director of Dramatic Productions at the University Mr.O'Hara supervises all undergraduate dramatic activities. He is a directorof the Drama League of America. Mr. Millett this last year has been counselor for some hundreds of undergraduates who wish to specialize in English. Aside from this work and his teaching he has revised and writtenan elaborate Introduction for the Manly-Rickert Contemporary American Literature. Miss Blanchard left this summer to become assistant professor of English at Goucher College, Baltimore. While supervising KellyHall and teaching, she has been working on an edition of Steele's ChristianHero and has published several articles. Miss Chapin is head of the English department of Packer Collegiate Institute, Brooklyn, New York. TheUniversity Press has recently issued A New Approach to Poetry, of whichshe is joint author.BRIEF RECORDS OF THE QUARTEROn November 15, 1929, the newpower plant at Blackstone Avenue andSixty-first Street was put into use andsteam and electric current through a portion of the pipes and cables were furnished to buildings. A picture of thebuilding was published in the UniversityRecord for April, 1929. The cost of thebuilding and the installation of tunnels,pipes, cables, and connections will involvethe expenditure of $1,500,000. As wasstated in the University Record: TheUniversity has been burning 35,000 tonsof coal a year. All of this coal, amountingto some 4,500 truck loads, has been cartedthrough the streets adjoining the University. The new power plant, with its sidetrack, will relieve the stress of this burdensome traffic and the saving in cartagealone will reduce the fuel cost by over$20,000 a year. The equipment in the newpower plant is of the latest and most approved design. From the standpoint ofoperating efficiency, it will rank with thelargest modern central station plants.The building is large enough to housefour 1,200 horse-power boilers, only twoof which have been installed. Due provision has been made, it is believed, forexpansion to cover all future needs of theUniversity for decades yet to come.At the recent commencement of theParis Theological Seminary (Faculte librede theologie protestante de Paris), thehonorary degree of Docteur en theologiewas conferred upon Dean ShailerMathews. The Paris Seminary was organized in Strasbourg during the Reformation period but has been in Paris fordecades.During October, under the auspicesof the Renaissance Society, there was exhibited in Wieboldt Hall a notable collection of medieval manuscripts and documents presented to the University byMr. Martin A. Ryerson and Miss ShirleyFarr. These precious relics of life in theseventeenth century are part of the growing material of the Department of English, much of which has been collected byDr. John M. Manly, head of the Depart ment, or through his efforts. By means ofsuch documents as these it is possible, tosome degree at least, to realize the socialconditions of England and other European countries as well as to trace the evolution of the English language. Amongthe manuscripts shown were the "PoetriaNova," fourteenth century vellum, acopy of which Chaucer is believed to havestudied, and a copy of "Miracles of theVirgin," inscribed in 1075.Rev. Sydney Bruce Snow, late ofMontreal, Canada, was inaugurated aspresident of the Meadville TheologicalSchool, a co-operating neighbor of theUniversity, on October 17. The exerciseswere held in the University Chapel.Professor J. M. P. Smith, of the OldTestament Department and Oriental Institute, has been elected honorary member of the Society for Old TestamentStudy, Oxford University, England.Associate Professor D. W. Riddle, ofthe Divinity School, has been engaged inresearch in the Bibliotheque Nationale inParis.To relieve the anxiety of those whoare fearful lest the erection of the Oriental Museum at the corner of UniversityAvenue and Fifty-eighth Street will "ruinthe view" of the University Chapel, itmay be said that the portion of the museum building at the corner will be onlythree stories while the east wing, morenearly back of the Chapel, will be onlytwo stories high. As the Chapel standsabout four feet above the street level thenew building will not "conceal" theChapel; indeed, as a competent studentof cathedral architecture points out, themuseum will in reality give the scale ofheight to the Chapel.President Hutchins and Professor Edgar J. Goodspeed participated in the interesting exercises which marked the centennial of the founding of Illinois Collegeat Jacksonville, Illinois.66BRIEF RECORDS OF THE QUARTER 67Dean Charles W. Gilkey representedthe University at the inauguration of Dr.Clarence A. Barbour as president ofBrown University.Associate Professor W. G. Whitford,Chairman of the Department of Art ofthe School of Education, has recentlypublished, through D. Applet on andCompany, An Introduction to Art Education. The Art Digest, in a review ofthe book, describes it as marking a "milestone in the progress of art training inAmerican schools. It is both an exposition and a codification of the methodsthat have evolved in the last two decadeslooking toward the use of art in trainingand disciplining the minds of childrenwhile at the same time equipping themwith understanding and appreciation ofart together with some of art's technique."The firm of Zantzinger, Borie andMedary, of Philadelphia, will be the architects of the new men's dormitory tobe erected on the full block facing theMidway Plaisance between Ellis and Ingleside avenues.The annual homecoming dinner ofthe Faculties of the University was heldon the evening of Monday, October 7, inHutchinson Hall. A large company waspresent, including a goodly proportion ofthe more recent appointees, the attendance numbering 268. President Hutchinsmost happily presided, introducing theseveral speakers of the evening with tersecharacterizations and delicious humor.Dean Woodward, who was received withjubilant applause, read the names of thenew appointees and those who were present when their names were announcedstood to receive the acclaim of their colleagues. The first speaker was the newlyelected Dean of the Law School, Mr. Harry A. Bigelow, who pointed out how fromthe beginning the Law School had beena professional school, how it had maintained its high standards during all theyears of its existence, and how it now wasattempting to relate its teaching to thechanges of our American life, socializingthe studies of its students and connectingtheir work with the economic and socialmovements of the day. Mr. Carl S. Lashley described the problems which face thestudents of psychology today, problemswhich, as in law, require the co-operation of other departments and other teachers in the University. Mr. AugustC. Vollmer, the new Professor of PoliceAdministration, who, President Hutchinssaid, might eventually police the honorsystem in the University and serve as adetective upon the disappearance of library books, set forth the problems whichmodern civilization has brought to theattention of police departments, particularly of American cities ; such problemsas the vice situation, traffic congestion,strikes, and race riots. He declared thatthe University, in calling him to this work,was applying scientific methods to thesolution of police problems and suggestedthat there is a possibility that in the University of Chicago there might be foundan answer to some of the questions whichhave puzzled law administrators duringthe past.By the will of William Liston Brown,of Chicago, who died November 1 inPasadena, California, the County Homefor Convalescent Children, the Home forDestitute Crippled Children, and thePresbyterian Hospital received bequestsof $92,000 each for the first two and$645,000 for the last named. Each ofthese useful institutions is affiliated withthe University.The University preachers during theAutumn Quarter were as follows : October6, Rev. Charles W. Gilkey, D.D., Dean ofthe University Chapel; October 13, Rev.C. Wallace Petty, D.D., LL.D., First Baptist Church, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;October 20, Rev. Sidney B. Snow, D.D.,president, Meadville Theological School,Chicago; October 27, Rev. Bernard I.Bell, D.D., S.T.D., warden of Saint Stephen's College, Columbia University ; November 3, Rev. Charles W. Gilkey, D.D.,Dean of the University Chapel; November 10, Robert E. Speer, D.D., LL.D., secretary of the Board of Foreign Missionsof the Presbyterian Church; November17 and 24, Rev. Lynn Harold Hough,D.D., Th.D., Litt.D., LL.D., AmericanPresbyterian Church, Montreal, Canada ;December 1, Rev. Charles W. Gilkey,D.D., Dean of the University Chapel;December 8, Rev. Albert W. Beaven,D.D., president, Colgate-Rochester Divinity School, Rochester, New York;December 15, Convocation Sunday. Rev.Albert W. Palmer, D.D., president-elect,the Chicago Theological Seminary, Chicago, Illinois.68 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDDiscovery of the nearly complete skeleton of an ancient pareiasaurus, an enormous armor-studded reptile that roamedSouth Africa more than a hundred million years ago, is reported by ProfessorAlfred S. Romer, head of the University's paleontological expedition which issearching the Karoo Desert for premam-malian fossils. The specimen will be thefirst of these curious forms to be mounted in the United States.Five hundred teachers, superintendents, and principals in Chicago's elementary school system have enrolled in acourse being offered by Dean William S.Gray of the School of Education. In cooperation with the Chicago Board of Education the University is seeking to discover what is wrong with the readinghabits of Chicago's school children andto present the results of recent researchesin the scope and method of child reading.Manuscript treasures purchased withfunds provided by Mr. Martin A. Ryerson, a Trustee of the University, and byMiss Shirley Farr, an alumna, have beenexhibited at the University. On his recent trip abroad, John M. Manly, Professor and Head of the Department ofEnglish, purchased ten manuscripts withthe funds provided by Mr. Ryerson.Several of these are fine examples of thedelicacy and beauty of medieval art. Included in the group is a vellum manuscript formerly belonging to WigmorePriory, which contains the genealogicaltables of nearly all the members of theEnglish royal family down to Henry VI,and a copy of the famous roll of personswho came into England with William theConqueror. The University now has anotable collection of manuscripts, whichare of great value in its work in the humanities.Professor James Henry Breasted wasawarded the gold medal of the Geographic Society of Chicago on October 8"for eminent achievement in recoveringthe lost civilization of the ancient NearEast." Recent researches by expeditionsnow in Egypt, Palestine, Assyria, and theHittite country, and their bearing on thegrowth of modern civilization, were thetheme of Professor Breasted's address."Influenza is a typical infectious disease, due to a living germ yet unknown,"Professor Edwin O. Jordan told members of the American Public Health Association October 2. "Extensive studies madeby Professor I. S. Falk and his associatesat the University of Chicago, as well asother results obtained by monkey inoculations on a large scale, are in a high degree suggestive of the isolation of a definite microbe."At the annual meeting of the Societyof Midland Authors held in Chicago, onOctober 26, Dr. Edgar J. Goodspeed,Professor of Biblical and Patristic Greekat the University, and author of anAmerican version of the New Testament,was installed as president of the society.At a later meeting Henry Justin Smith,managing editor of the Chicago DailyNews and formerly director of the Bureau of Public Relations at the University, described the evolution of Chicago:A History of Its Reputation, of which heand Lloyd Lewis are the joint authors.Dr. Herbert E. Slaught, Professor ofMathematics in the University, was oneof the speakers at the recent meeting ofthe East Tennessee Educational Association at the University of Tennessee,Knoxville. Other delegates from the University were Gordon J. Laing and ElliotR. Downing. Mr. Slaught took part alsoin the annual high-school conference andconference of superintendents held at theUniversity of Illinois in November.Work on what has been described asthe most comprehensive history of anAmerican city ever written has begun atthe University with the appointment ofDr. Bessie Pierce, of the University ofIowa, as Associate Professor of History.With Chicago's hundred years as her subject, Dr. Pierce, who is an authority onhistorical methods, will devote the nextfive years to recording and synthesizingevery phase of the city's growth. Thenew historical methods will be used, thesocial and psychological approaches beinggiven equal weight with the political andeconomic analyses.Enrolment at the University in thefirst week of the Autumn Quarter set anew record, with a total of 8,230 registered students, according to the Examiner's office. The higher level of abilityevidenced in the records of incoming students is something most satisfactory. Again of 664 students over the total for lastyear was shown, the Law School havingBRIEF RECORDS OF THE QUARTER 69the greatest increase among the departments with 170 additional registrationsbringing its total to 445. Division of theenrolment shows 5,676 entered for classeson the Quadrangles and 2,554 *or classesin University College downtown. Of the5,676 listed on the Quadrangles, 2,924 areundergraduates, 121 more than last year;1,442 are in the Graduate Schools of Arts,Literature, and Science, a gain of 256;and 1,534 are in the professional schools,a gain of 193. The Freshman class of 750was selected from over 1,300 candidates.One hundred and twenty-six Freshmenhold scholarships.The delegates and other friends of theUniversity who were impressed by theexcellence of the arrangements whichmade the inauguration so acknowledgeda success may rest assured that the wholeaffair was not automotive, to use a wordtoo often misused. Behind the planningand meetings of committees, to whichDean Laing so happily alludes in his address, printed elsewhere, was a group oftireless women: Gratia Knobel, Anne M.Sullivan, Fern Fister, Marjorie Crighton,Gladys Sherwood, and Helen Gallagher,who devoted many hours from "dawn 'tildewey eve" and much longer, to thethousand and one details. Invitations,cards, programs, tickets, and circularswere printed, and more than 5,000 piecesof mail matter were sent, besides the addressing of an innumerable number ofenvelopes. Delegates and guests by thethousand were seated in specified places.Inquiries by telephone, telegram, and letter were answered. And all this amid interruptions necessary and unnecessary.Sixteen members of the University Faculty forgot to sign their names to theiracceptances. Others were as bad as the"absent-minded professors" of the dailypapers. Fifty invited guests did not specify in their replies whether they were accepting or declining. But it was a greatoccasion. The Board of Trustees votedto express its thanks to the committee oninauguration, of which Mr. Laird Bellwas chairman, and to his efficient helpers.The address at the Convocation heldDecember 17, 1929, was delivered by Edwin B. Wilson, president of the Social Science Research Council. It will be printedin the University Record for April, 1930.The New York Times, in commentingeditorially on Dr. Vincent's address atthe inauguration dinner, said: "Dr. George E. Vincent's observation at thecelebration of the inauguration of RobertM. Hutchins as president of the University of Chicago, that 'mere exposure toexperience is no guarantee of wisdom,'and that 'the majority register only foggyoutlines and require a long time exposure,' was but a preface to likening theintellectual powers of the young presidentto 'quick lenses.' Those who heard orhave read the clearly defined expressionsof his ideas about the University's aimsand methods will agree that the figure isapt. Though he is but entering the thirties, President Hutchins has had advantages of heritage, mental equipment,training and experience which birth andage give to few. Few great teachers andeducational leaders have had sons to follow in their professional footsteps. TheHadleys, the Angells, the MacCrackens,the Russels, are notable exceptions. Theson Robert Hutchins praises his parentWilliam James Hutchins, president ofBerea College, by adopting his high profession. It was a memorable day in thehistory of higher education in Americawhen the son, seated in the presidentialchair of one of our greatest universities,doffed his academic hat to the fatherstanding before him."During the days of the inaugurationof President Hutchins, a series of exhibitsvisualizing the methods and results of theUniversity's work in several fields wasprovided especially for the benefit of theguests on that notable occasion. Many ofthese exhibits were displayed in newbuildings.In Wieboldt Hall were shown projectsnow in operation in ancient and modernlanguages: the American Dictionary, theDictionary of Indo-European Synonyms,handwriting as illustrated in Latin MSS,laboratory work in phonetics, the Chaucer and Balzac projects, the Arthurianromances. Besides these there wereshown early manuscripts and incunabula,the Goethe, Balzac, and Whitman collections.In Swift Hall were exhibits showinginvestigations and publications related tothe work of the Divinity School and exhibits which described the seven fieldexpeditions in the Near East of the Oriental Institute ; research work at ChicagoHeadquarters; together with publications.In the new Social Science Buildingthere was a group exhibit showing thecommunity, past and present, as a uni-7o THE UNIVERSITY RECORDversity laboratory: material illustratingthe type of research pursued by the social science departments of the LocalCommunity Research Committee in thelife of Chicago and the archaeology ofIllinois — publications of the Committeeand of the departments, and an array ofmodern statistical machinery, and devicesfor detecting crime. Portraits of distinguished members of the departmentswere also on the walls.The University of Chicago Press, inIda Noyes Hall, had an exhibit of published works of members of the Facultiesin connection with the books and journals from the Press.The School of Education and the several science laboratories were open to visitors. The University Clinics and the Departments of Medicine, Pathology, andSurgery of the Graduate School of Medicine were shown, under guidance, to visitors in a series of tours.A gift of $1,500,000 to the Universityfrom the General Education Board, for"the further development of the Department of Education," was announced byPresident Hutchins during the dedicatoryexercises of Sunny Gymnasium. It is totake advantage of the University's specialopportunities for increased usefulness inthree fields: first, the study of childrenof preschool age; second, the study ofbackward and abnormal children; third,the study of college education. The giftwill also strengthen the University's workin the field of primary and secondary education. Terms of the grant provide thatthe University shall add to the annualexpenditures of the Department of Education, from other sources and within fiveyears, an amount equal to the incomefrom another $1,500,000. In fulfilling thepurpose of the General Education Boardgift the University will devote part ofthe fund to endowment for departmentalsalaries and expenses and part to the erection of new buildings. A structure forgraduate work in the department will beerected.Construction of an InternationalHouse near the University Quadrangles,a club home for the two thousand foreignstudents in Chicago's colleges and universities, is being planned by officials ofthe University. Mr. John D. Rockefeller,Jr., has agreed to finance the project, it isannounced. Although the plans are incomplete it is understood that the struc ture will contain modern dormitory facilities for men and women, a spaciouslibrary, ballroom, dining and social quarters, and other club features. The clubhouse will be part of the University, butits facilities will be utilized by all foreignstudents in institutions of higher learningin the city and by a limited number ofAmerican students. To make it accessiblefor other foreign students than those atthe University the site at present favoredis that of the historic Hotel del Prado,which was built in World's Fair times atFifty-ninth Street and Blackstone Avenue. Mr. Rockefeller has already financedthe erection of one International Housein New York, in connection with Columbia University, and of one in San Francisco. At present more than fifty foreigncountries are represented in the studentpersonnel at the University of Chicago.Upon another page appears an excellent reproduction of the portrait of Mr.John P. Wilson, painted by Louis Betts,of Chicago and New York. The portraitwas given to the University by Mr. Wilson's son, also named John P. It is anexcellent likeness of one of Chicago'sleading citizens, a man who stood highamong members of the bar. It was toperpetuate the memory of the father thatthe son and daughter created the JohnP. Wilson Memorial Foundation with anendowment of $400,000 to provide income sufficient "to secure an eminentscholar, distinguished for his accomplishments in the field of legal education, tooccupy the chair." The portrait hangs ina place of honor in the Law School Library.As may be imagined, President Hutchins has been in great demand as a speakerever since he arrived in Chicago in September. He has graciously accepted invitations to speak to and for many organizations and in many places, but has beenobliged, naturally enough, to decline numerous invitations. Among the addressesand short talks he has made are the following: addresses to Freshmen in Man-del Hall; at opening exercises of DivinitySchool; before the Chicago CommercialClub ; at the Alpha Delta Phi House ; theFaculty dinner; the induction of President Snow, Meadville Theological Seminary; the Yale Club dinner; the AdultEducation Conference ; before the representatives of the Associated Business Papers; at the Union League Club underthe auspices of the University's CitizensRecently Placed in the Law Library From the Painting by Louis BettsJOHN P. WILSONBRIEF RECORDS OF THE QUARTER 71Committee ; at the Conference on MajorIndustries; at the Chicago Club alumnibanquet; at the Quadrangle Club reception; at the Union League Club; at theceremony of laying of the Chicago Lying-in Hospital cornerstone; before the Chicago Commercial Club ; before the PoliceConference at the University; awardingof commissions at Armistice Day ceremony; before the National Associationof State Universities; before the NationalConference on Improving Government;before the Chicago Alumni Club ; beforethe Foreign Students of the ChicagoChurch Federation; before the CentralAssociation of Science and MathematicsTeachers; at the Standard Club, Chicago; before the Teachers Union of Chi cago; at the dedication of the SocialScience Research Building; and at thededication of the George Herbert JonesLaboratory. In addition to the foregoing, he spoke at the meeting of the alumniof the University in New York and before the Yale Club at Montclair, NewJersey. Besides these, there were the fouraddresses delivered at the time of the inauguration and reported in full elsewherein this issue.J. Spencer Dickerson, CorrespondingSecretary of the University, on his wayto Egypt, attended the dedication of thenew Museum of Art at Dayton, Ohio, ofwhich Siegfried Weng, a recent graduateof the University, is director. LoradoTaft gave the principal address.ATTENDANCE IN THE AUTUMN QUARTER, 19291929 1928Gain LossMen Women Total Men Women TotalI. Arts, Literature, and Science:i. Graduate Schools —43i547 399168 8307i5 427503 348148 775651 5564Total 97877891324 56755371652 i,545i,33i1,62976 93o65292120 49652470646 1,4261,1761,62766 119155210Total 1,7152,69310846610 1,321i,888404145 3,0364,58i14888015 1,5932,5231537895 1,2761,77222¦ 3145 2,8694,2951751010310 1672865Total Arts, Literature, andII. Professional Schools:i. Divinity School —27Chicago Theological Seminary-23Total 188195 6324 251219 254183 4421 298204 15 472. Graduate Schools of Medicine —Ogden Graduate School of Science —4 4 4Total 199121251303 2411212 223131371423 183171331281 2121310 204191461381 1942Rush Medical College —69Third- Year Total 270468 2549 295517 2794572236140422 2544123 3045012248143422 "'16'1037 9Total (less duplicates) 3. Law School —2242175271 165 258180271 151Total 44581 215o38 4665848 42263 154926 4375529 29324. College of Education —1Total 96414066 61101712 7o7415778 95513974 5715191 667015875 445. School of Commerce and Administration —Senior 1Unclassified 3Total 216131 3081227n 2469423712 20520211 35752067 240952278 616. Graduate School of Social ServiceAdministration —11 4Total 155 1219 13614 24 10810 13210 447 . Graduate School of Library Science-Total Professional Schools. . .Total University (in Quad- i,3464,o39381 3542,24233 1,7006,281 i,37i3,894 3132,085 1,6845,979 16302Net total (in Quadrangles). . . 3,658 2,209 5,867 3,57o 2,058 5,628 239[Continued on page 73]ATTENDANCE IN THE AUTUMN QUARTER, 1929 73ATTENDANCE IN THE AUTUMN QUARTER, 1929— Continued_— -1929 1928Gain LossMen Women Total Men Women TotalIII. University College —32013698127 555788287447 875924385574 26210599165 394684265549 656789364714 21913521140Total 681 2,077 2,758 631 1,892 2,523 2354,33931 4,28633 8,62564 4,20138 3,95o40 8,15178 47414Net total in the University. . 4,3o8 4,253 8,561 4,168 3,9io 8,073 488ATTENDANCE IN THE AUTUMN QUARTER, 1929Arts, Literature, and Science Divinity School Graduate Schools of Medicine —Ogden Graduate School of Science Rush Medical College Law School College of Education School of Commerce and AdministrationGraduate School of Social Service Administration Graduate School of Library Science Total (in the Quadrangles) .Duplicates Net total (in the Quadrangles) .University College Grand total in the University.Duplicates Net total in the University .Grand total Graduate1,5452282192922587494142,7242312,4938753,3^373,33i8,561 Undergraduate2,96020762164303,4231803,2431,3094,552264,526 Unclassified762343113541315747°51704