The University RecordVolume XIV JULY I 928 Number 3PRESIDENT MASON'S CONVOCATION ADDRESSA LTHOUGH the history of the University of Chicago is relatively/ \ brief, its traditions and ideals have been so sound, so clearlyX JL stated, and so closely followed that its character and distinctiveness among American institutions are very clear and definite. Chicagohas always been a pioneer. It must be outstanding or nothing. There isno reason for its existence as just another university.When I came to the University I found the tradition to be that offresh vision, of new methods, and of courage. I have felt the truth ofthis in a new sense every week. I believe there is no other institution ofanything like the magnitude of this University whose component partsare so understandingly united in direction of purpose and spirit of performance. At its very beginning, a standard of excellence was set by Dr.Harper which was unique among American universities. The Universityexpanded its effort and consolidated its position under Dr. Judson, andwas roused to new enthusiasm and effort by Dr. Burton. However emphasis may shift from decade to decade, the spirit of the work of the University will always be given by its traditions and ideals of high attainmentin creative scholarship. Chicago believes in scholarship for a purpose,and its effort is to educate for deeper insight, not to train for the practiceof formalisms. There has never been a place at the University of Chicagofor the pedant.The University performs a dual work of education and research. Itsfunction is to find knowledge and to train others to find and to use knowledge. Its ultimate function is to co-operate in the great adventure of humanity, a conscious control of the evolution of civilization. There is no141142 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDroom for mediocrity in such work. Poor education may be worse thannone at all. Research is demanded which is not merely sufficient unto itself, but which is vitally significant in the world of reality. We seek totrain our students to a technique of living, to aid them to form a philosophy of life that they may become eager, active, and happy participatorsin the work of the world. Nothing must ever be allowed to interfere withthe maintenance of the highest standards of excellence in every branch ofwork in which the University engages. It is under no obligation to extendits effort, but the reason for its existence ceases if it fails to be a leader.While accurate subdivision of the field of knowledge is impossible, itis useful to think of a rough division into four major groups: the physicalsciences, biological sciences, social sciences, and humanities. I shall briefly review the recent progress in these at the University.The departments in the physical sciences have always been verystrong. Their success imposed a great handicap upon them, particularlyin mathematics, physics, and chemistry. Their staff has been inadequateto care for the large number of graduate students, and their physical facilities meager out of all proportion to the importance of the researchwork which was being done. New buildings, new equipment, and strengthening of staff have been made possible by a grant from the General Education Board, and by the generous donations of George Herbert Jones,Julius Rosenwald, and Bernard A. Eckhart. Although addition to the endowment and to the buildings has been very great, it is still insufficient,and the necessity for further effort should be clearly felt, for not onlydoes all science rest upon the foundations established in these departments, but knowledge of the nature of the universe from which a broadphilosophy of life can be gained, must come from them.The biological sciences, engaged in the study of living processes,form the foundation for the clinical work in medicine, and both for themselves and for their applications in this field, must receive further supportand encouragement. Considerable additions to endowment funds andphysical facilities have been made in the new Clinics Building, and additional space has been provided for the Departments of Physiology, Physiological Chemistry, Pathology, Zoology. New buildings have in turn liberated space for the Department of Anatomy, in which such excellentwork has been done for more than a generation. The Department of Bacteriology and Hygiene is in great need of additional support both for adequate housing and increased income. Some stimulation has been securedin botany but additional space is greatly needed. Work in the biologicalscience departments has been one of the chief sources of strength and dis-PRESIDENT MASON'S CONVOCATION ADDRESS 143tinction of the University and they should be vigorously supported andencouraged. The idea of unity of location must be kept in mind in orderthat these departments, in fact if not in name, should be a closely relatedgroup forming a biological institute.An important new effort has been made possible in the social sciencesat the University. The social sciences are undertaking a new type of attack on the problems of human relations. These groups are pioneering inthe study of man and are approaching their problems in the scientific,fact-gathering manner. The urgency of scientific approach is great sincewe are facing problems of direction of a society which has but recentlyacquired new control over its physical environment. These new naturalforces have made the world an increasingly complex and dangerous placein which to live. The need for understanding of human relations is greatsince on this understanding only can be built self-mastery and proper direction of social effort. Such understanding, difficult as the problems nowseem, does not seem impossible if we look back upon the past difficultiesthrough which natural science has come to its present orderly concepts ofthe universe. What we need now, and this is the actual effort in the socialsciences, is a determined, modest, and continuous program of fact-finding,and later we may expect the large simplicities to emerge. On the basis ofpresentation of this program great endowment support has already beensecured and a laboratory building assured. But much is to be done in increase of endowment for support of effective work.The addition of Wieboldt Hall furnishes a workshop for the studentsof modern language. In addition to this stimulation in the field of thehumanities, a grant from the General Education Board to be expendedover a five-year period has proved to be a valuable aid in accelerating thework. New materials have been collected, research assistants appointed,and members of the faculty relieved from some of their other duties inorder that they may rapidly complete studies on which they have beenengaged. The Oriental Institute is an outstanding example of productivescholarship in the field of the humanities. Departments which might concern themselves with merely passing on the knowledge of various languages have combined to utilize their techniques in a broad research program which is adding greatly to the knowledge of the derivation of ourcivilization and culture. The individual projects in this field may belooked upon as units in a co-operative program tracing the genesis of ourcultural values. It is a matter of congratulation to the University that thespirit of workers in this field is so thoroughly scientific.In keeping with the University tradition of training for deeper in-144 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDsight instead of preparing for professional activity by training in techniques only, the professional schools of the University are looked upon asintimately connected with and growing from the group of fundamentalsciences. For example, the new departments of clinical medicine at theUniversity and the whole medical effort have been initiated in order thatthere may be intimate connection between teaching and research in clinical medicine and the fundamental sciences which underlie medicine. Thesame policy is maintained toward the professional schools growing out ofthe social sciences.One of the greatest duties we have to perform is to create in the University of Chicago a college in which scholarship itself is appreciated bythe undergraduate body. Dominance of the University by the spirit ofperformance gives promise for the future as the emphasis is placed stillmore on opportunity and less on compulsion. Interest thrives on responsibility and opportunities for initiative, and in our undergraduate college, with the background of creative scholarship given by the graduateschools, we may well go farther in abandoning any methods which seemto be based on the assumption that the undergraduate goes to college toresist education. The American undergraduate shows great interest andenergy in his self-managed extracurricular affairs — the so-called "studentactivities." Our goal will be reached, when, in this sense of the word, theintellectual work of the college becomes a "student activity." Under suchconditions the undergraduate college will stimulate and be stimulated bythe work in graduate teaching and research. In graduate work, and inSenior College as well, students must study subjects rather than takecourses. I believe that the University of Chicago has the opportunity ofabondoning the childish game of marks and grades, and emphasizing thefact that education is fundamentally self-education, and that the University may well be defined as a set of personalities, capable of inspiringcuriosity in students, together with physical facilities which enable students to satisfy their own curiosity by their own effort. While appreciableimprovement has been produced in the institution of honor courses, wehave still far to go in the direction of stimulating students to independent interest. The more able students in the Senior College may well beallowed participation in minor capacities in research work of the faculty.The ideal toward which it is desirable to work is that of a group of problem-solvers, united in a real fellowship of learning — a group comprised ofboth faculty and students participating in the solution of problems astheir abilities allow, the students inspired to obtain knowledge because oftheir interest in the application of knowledge and technique which theysee around them.PRESIDENT MASON'S CONVOCATION ADDRESS 145The question of physical separation of the Junior College and therest of the University has been much discussed. I do not feel that thequestion is, in reality, very important. Constant study and improvementof Junior College work at the University of Chicago is indicated. Juniorcolleges which are established throughout the country have a threefoldaim: to finish the education for many students, to prepare others forsenior college, and to participate in adult education. It is, I believe, clearthat able teachers will not be directed to this work in numbers sufficientto perform these functions successfully. The transition from preparatoryschool to the University is a violent one, and I believe that a great contribution to American education may be made by the University of Chicago by carefully studying its Junior College work and in preparing students in the Junior College so that they may enter Senior College with abroad acquaintance with the main fields of knowledge and a training inindependent thought sufficient to enable them to study subjects ratherthan to take courses in Senior College.It is the desire of Trustees, faculty, and alumni to maintain close relations between alumni and the University which are based upon substantial values. I hope that alumni will keep permanent relationship with theUniversity by continuing their education, after they leave, with the helpof the University, and most important of all that the alumnus will beidentified with the University by continuing the method of thought whichhe learned in college years. Life is a continual combination of learningand doing. The student should both learn and perform in the universityyears, and he should both perform and keep on learning after he leaves.The institution should be at his command and his intellectual servicethroughout his life. Unless reorganization of the alumni groups proceedswith such foundation and reality, it is useless to promote it. There isevery opportunity to promote the participation by alumni in the intellectual purposes of the University.The University of Chicago is most fortunate in its body of Trustees,as well as its faculty. These groups are remarkable in their spirit offrank, sincere, and friendly co-operation. The Trustees are a devotedbody of eminent citizens who at great personal sacrifice in time and energy insure the success and stability of the institution.The continued increase in efficiency of the University of Chicago isdependent upon its financial support, a large amount of which must comefrom the community in which it exists. This support cannot be obtainedby pressure, but must come naturally and willingly as a result of the understanding on the part of citizens of Chicago of the aim and purposes ofthe University. The Citizens' Committee, under the chairmanship of Mr.146 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDB. E. Sunny, exists for the furthering of this understanding and, throughits agency, recognition and appreciation of the University in the cityhave greatly increased.Chicago is a great University. It is free, vigorous, and real. My association with its members — Trustees, faculty, alumni, and students —has been a vivid experience of fellowship in effort. I leave Chicago withgreat personal regret, but with rich and happy memories, with enthusiasmfor its character, and complete faith in its future.PRESIDENT MASON RESIGNSPRESIDENT MASON presented his resignation as President ofthe University to the Board of Trustees at a special meeting heldMay 7, 1928, in order to accept the directorship of the recently organized Division of Natural Sciences of the Rockefeller Foundation. Inhis new position President Mason will have general direction of the activities of the Foundation in co-operating with universities and researchinstitutions in advancing the natural sciences, a work of international importance. Undoubtedly the scope of the work which will be under hischarge will be greatly enlarged as years go on.In his letter of resignation President Mason wrote:I leave with the keenest regret. The Trustees, at every turn during my association with them, have brought to their administration of the University, in a remarkable way, unselfish devotion, clear vision, generosity of view and unity of purpose.It has been a great privilege to work with them for this great institution. My appreciation of their attitude is very deep. They have given me a background of friendship too keenly felt to be described.There was no other course to follow than to accept his resignation of theoffice to which he was elected on August 21, 1925. The time for the closing of President Mason's administration, in accordance with his wishes,was fixed at June 15.Professor Frederic Woodward, Vice-President and Dean of Faculties,was appointed Acting President and began his services, for which he hasremarkable qualifications, on June 15.To its far-sighted and wonderfully generous Founder the Universityof Chicago acknowledges a debt of gratitude for its financial success. Itowes much of its outstanding reputation as a pathfinder in education andfor its well-rounded academic organization to its first President. Itssteady progress in resources, its continuous growth in student attendance,its enlarging and resourceful faculties, its inspiring influence in the worldof education, and its well-established place in public esteem are due tothe three remarkable men who have followed President Harper in thepresidential office. The wisdom, leadership, and tireless service of thesemen, each contributing something distinctive, have combined to producean always progressive and steadily advancing University of Chicago.President Mason departs from Chicago amid widespread regret, not147148 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDonly of the faculties and administrative officers, but of the immediateneighborhood constituency of the University as well as of that city-widein extent.President Mason came to his new position at a trying time. Thedeath of President Burton, beloved, indeed revered, by everyone whoknew him, had occurred only a few months before; an uncompletedsearch for funds had occupied the attention of officers and committees;new buildings costing millions of money were just beginning to rear theirwalls; negotiations to secure contributions of large amounts for essentialendowment and other sorely needed buildings were trembling on thethreshold of consummation. Unknown to most of his future colleagues,and to every Trustee, he was practically a stranger both to Universityconstituency and to Chicago citizens. But with assurance founded oncommon sense and determination, with an abundance of the imaginationof the research enthusiast, with faith in his own powers, always modestlyexpressed, and with trust in the promises and enthusiasm of Trustees andmembers of the faculties, he began his work.The results of these years of the fourth President's administrationare well known. The achievements were many and enduring. The medical work was developed; buildings to house its useful functions werecompleted, and other contributive foundations and hospitals were provided by friends of the University and its President. The faculties wereenlarged and strengthened. The natural sciences were stimulated by presidential encouragement and by presidential advocacy of research, and additional funds for research in humanities were obtained. The situationof the undergraduate student body was studied and suggestions for reforms and improvements were elicited. He caused many a student to discover that education comes, not from compulsion, but from personal desire. He created many new friends for the University, alike by hisconvincing addresses before countless audiences and by his winning personality. He has been a leader, a helper, an example, a friend.President Mason takes up his new task with the best wishes of theUniversity of Chicago for his success and with confidence that successwill follow the energy and wisdom with which he will work to deserve it.PRESIDENT MASON-HAIL ANDFAREWELLA DINNER in honor of President Max Mason, a farewell of mem-ZJk bers of the Faculties to the retiring President, was a delightfulj[_ JL. occasion notwithstanding the sorrow felt by the entire Universitythat he was about to leave the office he has filled with such notable successfor nearly three years. Some three hundred members of the Faculties, administrative officers, Trustees, and a few friends of the President werepresent in the refectory of Ida Noyes Hall, on the evening of June i.Dean Gordon J. Laing served as chairman and, with delightful exaggeration, amusing characterizations, and apt appreciation, introducedfirst the menu and then the several speakers.Professor Charles E. Merriam pointed out the magnitude of President Mason's new opportunity for service.North and South America, Europe, Asia, Australia, and the islands of the seaare all a part of the great adventure of these educational boards. In this sense it isclear that our President enters upon a world-field in comparison with which the efforts of any institution, even the University of Chicago, become limited and provincial. Here's to our President Mason. May he be a master builder in the wider worldof master plans to which he goes. Hail and farewell !Professor Gilbert A. Bliss was the next speaker:President Mason has done something better for us than secure money for ourbuildings. He has interpreted us to the community in a way I think is remarkable.It always seems to me that the leaders in the business world and the scientific worldand the educational world are engaged in one great, fascinating effort — the effort totransform life for the human race from one of slavery into one of mastery of theforces— the economic, social, and physical forces — in which we find ourselves immersed. The President has made the unity of this effort clear tp our neighbors andfriends, and he has done for us a remarkable service.Dean C. S. Schlichter, of the University of Wisconsin, said:I remember well the vision of President Harper when he gave voice to it manyyears ago. This university was to be a great national university, which was to undertake to fill a great national need. The national university that is required nowis even a different thing from what President Harper had in mind. If you can fillthe need, you still have before you the same ideal that President Harper had, to buildhere a great national university. How can you bring intellectual life enough into thenation with all its power and wealth? You cannot draw your parallels from abroad;you cannot copy; you have to be more than the University of Paris is to France.149i5o THE UNIVERSITY RECORDThat is your job, and that is the job that each stockholder expects you to carry out;and when we call the meeting we will put that on the program.He continued:My dear President Mason, let me say to you that the fine part of life comesabout fifty. That is really the beginning. At about that time we have values; we areable to discard a good many things as unessential. It is a fine and heroic time of life.We have learned many things. We have had experiences that do not come beforethat time. We have even learned to sacrifice ourselves for a cause, which is the beginning of living. We have learned, usually in a school of sorrow, some great truths.All that makes life fine. Then we see many visions; we are able to plan singly andnot multiply. We can steer a straight course. Religion means more, takes on a newmeaning; life becomes calm. As we go along we are content. And the light we seeis not twilight at that time ; it is not that ; it is still the last glow of sunrise.Dr. Franklin C. McLean, of the Department of Medicine, made theassertion that the progress made during the two years of President Mason's administration has resulted in a degree of progress which might wellhave represented fifteen years' work of an ordinary university administration.Mr. Harold H. Swift, President of the Board of Trustees, was heardwith marked attention:It is not altogether a happy situation that this has had to come after three yearsonly. To feel that we were comfortably set, that we were on our way for a twenty-year period, and to come at the end of a three-year period to realize that we againmust face the problem of finding our leader was, as Dean Laing has indicated, a serious situation. We have tried to see the situation; we have tried to recognize the destiny of the University ; tried to realize those points to which we should steer ; and weare trying earnestly to map out a wise course. I suppose that for all of us there wasa period of depression. There was with me — there is no question about it. But Iwant to bear public testimony that I am on the up-grade; I am looking cheerfullyand confidently to the future. This University, as I see it, cannot fail ; it cannot failto succeed magnificently. We are grateful, Mr. President, for three years of stimulation and great accomplishment We are hoping that you are going to do a greaterthing than you could do here, and we are going to try to find just as good a man tolead us on.Mr. Laing, in introducing President Mason, all present rising togreet him, said:He has been just as true to us of the humanities group as if he had been a specialist in our own field. I do not believe there is another university in the world thathas a program on so big a scale on such high lines as we have, and that we have itand are in a fair way of carrying it through is due to the next speaker, our guest ofhonor, our friend, our brief but brilliant leader, Max Mason.PRESIDENT MAX MASON 'S REMARKSI am proud of the association with a body of scholars, but to have lived in agroup whose generosity in offering of friendship was so complete and where it ripenedPRESIDENT MASON—HAIL AND FAREWELL ISIinto real affection so thoroughly and so substantially has brought to me that whichcannot fail to be the highest point in my life.Chicago is a remarkable university — in process of becoming, let us hope, farmore remarkable. We say the words often, but each week they come with a deepermeaning. There is a freshness about the institution, a frankness in communicationbetween its members, a fellowship greater than I had ever observed elsewhere; andthat is the necessary background for any achievement.The first thing beyond this sort of feeling that struck me was the sanity of effort throughout the different divisions of the University. I think of a phrase in aletter of John Manly's that I received the other day. He said : "I am working at anauthoritative text of Chaucer. That is not my goal or my aim ; it is merely an incident in my curiosity." The phrase is good, and I think it illustrates the temper ofmind of most of our workers. They are working with a purpose on problems thatare incidents in their curiosity. But there does not fail here that synthesis by virtueof which the work receives constant rechecking. For value, tangible value, to humanlife there is only one final yardstick. In physics there are many different units — unitsof time, of length, of mass — but in the final evolution of human effort there is onlyone measuring unit — it is the unit of human happiness. Every bit of activity is to bemeasured in that unit. I am convinced that the measurement will be large, becauseof those two tendencies within the group — the tendency of reality of purpose in productive scholarship, with that of evaluation and synthesis. I hope it will always remain so.We were met when I came here by the problem of expansion. We always willbe met by the problem of expansion. It has been decided that the University of Chicago is to be always in a period of development. Effort must not be lacking in themanner which seems the most wholesome to secure understanding for the Universityin the community. The day is past for support by pressure. It is remarkable todayto see the enthusiasm with which men not acquainted with the technicalities of scientific effort meet the presentation of the aims of science and become enthusiasticsupporters of the work.I believe that in the last ten years, and in the last five particularly, America hasbeen waking up to the meaning of research work — the meaning of new knowledge —with a rapidity that is simply startling. That means much for this institution, an institution whose future depends upon the understanding by the community of its aimsand purposes. Nothing can be substituted for that understanding ; and everybody —not just a few — should have the problem particularly in hand. Every one of theTrustees and of the Faculty must feel that as a major responsibility on himself, thatthe spirit of scholarship may be made understandable to men competent of supporting this wonderful work, and to whom the support and the knowledge of the workwill be a great happiness.What, then, is the function of an endowed institution such as the University ofChicago ? Evidently to do something different. The normal processes of democracydo not work with high efficiency. Chicago might be the dirty, ill-kempt city it always was; it could have left its broad planning to the officials of the city. But theChicago Plan Commission, the Commercial Club, the Industrial Club, the volunteerorganizations in this unusual community, have been the ones to lead, to press forward, and, unhampered, have made possible this great progress.So it is with the endowed institution. It is a free institution. When it becomes152 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDnot free, by virtue of its own inertia or its own traditions, it ceases to have its value.When it becomes merely another university it ceases to have its value. It must be aleader or stop. There is no excuse for the existence of any mediocre department inthe University of Chicago. The Trustees and the departments are wasting valuablemoney if they merely do things in the same old way and do not show the leadershipthat their opportunities have given them.I have spoken much before Faculty dinners of the undergraduate problem.Most of the support has gone to the graduate work; a good many of the words havegone to the undergraduate department. I hope it will be treated with the seriousnessit deserves. You cannot get good graduate students unless you have good undergraduate students — that is more or less self-evident. There lies before some Americanuniversity the opportunity to do a magnificent thing by virtue of the spirit of itsproductive scholarship to make scholarship understood, prized, sought for, and enjoyed in the undergraduate body. It seems strange that it is not so. I mean real scholarship; not play scholarship — real scholarship. Research, the training for research,and the training for living— it is all more or less the same sort of thing. It is just theorganization of common sense, industry, and a sense of being able to exclude the nonessential.My faith in the future of the University of Chicago is unlimited. I believe thatwith this temper of the people at large, in the understanding of the purposes ofhigher education, that university which clearly indicates by its performance that it isworthy will not be allowed merely to stay on its previous way of performance. Itwill be supported, but effort must be made to deserve it.I am indeed glad that the work I am to do means that I will have the opportunity of keeping in touch with the performance of the University. I would like to beable to do justice to the feeling that I have toward the groups which constitute theUniversity. To have worked in such an intimate way with the Trustees for threeyears has been an experience that I shall never forget. I think the Faculty know andappreciate and value this remarkable group of men and their service. You cannotpossibly overestimate it. So I congratulate the family on itself, on all members of it,and on the 'relations that exist within it; and I am profoundly and deeply gratefulfor these three wonderful, happy, and stimulating years of association with you all.THE ROCKEFELLER-McCORMICKMANUSCRIPTBy .HAROLD R. WILLOUGHBYAssistant Professor of New Testament LiteratureTHE American who has had the opportunity for manuscript studyin the great libraries and universities of Europe returns to hisnative land with an acute sense of America's poverty in manuscript materials. In Europe the important libraries are simply gluttedwith manuscripts of the utmost value. To be sure the most precious ofthem are so hedged about with rules and red tape that the student hasdifficulty in getting access to them, but the materials are there and arewell cared for. In America the materials, even, are lacking.There is no area of research where the American need for manuscriptmaterials is more evident than in the field of New Testament studies.We possess but a single uncial manuscript worthy to rank with Bezaeand Ephrem. Of early cursives there are three in the General TheologicalSeminary of New York City and a few later cursives in the Drew Libraryat Madison, New Jersey. Also there are gospel manuscripts here andthere in university libraries or private hands. But the tale of them allcould be told on a single typewritten page with double spacing.The most discouraging feature of the American situation is that educational institutions seem strangely blind to the necessity of securing materials for research in the humanities. At the very time when huge sumsof money are being expended for research in the physical sciences, asimilar development of the humanities is rendered almost impossible bythe sheer lack of materials with which to work. There are, of course,notable exceptions to this generalization. At the instigation of the lateProfessor Francis W. Kelsey the University of Michigan spent in sevenyears the sum of $75,000 for Greek manuscripts. With this modest sumMichigan secured for itself the splendid Burdett-Coutts collection of NewTestament manuscripts and a papyrus collection which includes the oldestmanuscript of the Shepherd of Hermas known to exist. Thus it is suddenly possible for Ann Arbor to become one of the great centers of textual studies, not only for America, but also for the world.153154 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDTHE MANUSCRIPT DISCOVEREDThe desire to locate and, if possible, secure materials such as thesefor students at the University of Chicago impelled Professor Edgar J.Goodspeed of the New Testament Department to spend much of hisEuropean vacation last summer in questing for manuscripts. His itinerary took him through England, France, Spain, Switzerland, and Italy;but nowhere did he find either manuscripts or encouragement until he wasabout to leave Paris for America on the return trip. There a chance inquiry in an antique shop near the tourist center of Paris brought to lightan amazing document, a complete Byzantine New Testament bound insplendid silver gilt covers. Certain features of the manuscript impressedProfessor Goodspeed at once: the excellence of the cover designs done inrepousse; the rare beauty of the scribal hand; the completeness of theNew Testament text; and the great profusion and brilliancy of the illuminations. The dealer stated that there were seventy-two miniaturesin the codex. This proved to be a surprising underestimate; for the manuscript actually contains nearly a hundred miniatures. The very findingof such a manuscript was an event — the first act in an important drama.There followed weeks and months of study in the New TestamentDepartment at Chicago, done on the basis of photographs forwardedfrom the dealer in Paris. As research proceeded, the significance of themanuscript grew to more and more huge proportions. The fact emergedthat there was not known to exist another Byzantine New Testament soprofusely illuminated as this one. Gospel manuscripts there might be,such as the singular Grec 74 of the Bibliotheque Nationale, with a largernumber of miniatures; but no record was found of any complete Byzantine New Testament with anything like the number of illuminationscontained in this manuscript. Here was a great gallery of Byzantine art,covering not only the gospels but the whole New Testament, and all conveniently bound together between the covers of a single codex. Couldthis vast assemblage of miniatures be dated and connected with a particular place and development in human history?THE MANUSCRIPT DATEDOne morning in January a member of the department, studying thefacsimiles in M. Ebersolt's La Miniature Byzantine, caught the similarity in script between the manuscript under consideration and a well-known codex in the Bibliotheque Nationale, bearing the number Coislin200. The latter, an illuminated New Testament with fourteen miniatures,was a famous manuscript, executed on the order of Michael VIII Paleo-logus, Emperor of Byzantium, and sent by him in 1269 to Louis IX ofTHE ROCKEFELLER-McCORMICK MANUSCRIPT 155France, more familiarly known as "St. Louis." The resemblance in scriptbetween the two manuscripts was unmistakable, and at once the department leaped to the realization that the manuscript Professor Goodspeedhad discovered was a product of the imperial scriptorium of Constantinople not long after 1260 a.d. This made the codex a monument of thelast great cultural revival in Byzantine history as well as an incomparablerecord of New Testament iconography. With this discovery the secondact in our drama of research came to a climax. The manuscript had beendefinitely dated and its importance established.Assured of the worth of the codex, Professor Goodspeed felt free tourge its acquisition. On the last Monday in January he brought themanuscript to the attention of Mrs. Rockefeller-McCormick, and she atonce authorized its purchase for her own collection and generously assigned the privilege of investigation and publication to the New Testament Department of the University. That very afternoon the departmenthad a meeting and laid its plans for publication. In this quick, businesslike way the third act of the drama was brought to a close and the purchase of the manuscript assured.THE MANUSCRIPT PURCHASEDThe final negotiations with the dealer were intrusted to the author ofthis article. Realizing the importance of having the manuscript studied inrelation to similar materials in the British Museum and the BibliothequeNationale, Dean Shailer Mathews of the Divinity School generouslymade possible a flying trip to London and Paris during the Easter holiday.The purchase of the manuscript was successfully accomplished in London,and the writer proceeded to Paris to spend Holy Week in manuscriptstudy at the Bibliotheque.In results attained it was a most rewarding week. A day's work withCoislin 200 confirmed the initial impression that the Rockefeller-McCormick Manuscript and the St. Louis Manuscript were written by the samescribe and illuminated by the same school of artists. Following a suggestion by M. Omont, the Conservateur des Manuscrits in the Bibliotheque,a combined New Testament and Psalter was discovered which proved tobe a product of the same scriptorium and which stands even closer to theRockefeller-McCormick Codex than the St. Louis Manuscript does. Thespecial importance of this Psalter and New Testament is that it enablesone to reconstruct with confidence certain miniatures which have beencut from Mrs. McCormick's manuscript; and further, it suggests thepossibility that her manuscript also once included a Psalter. A thirdBibliotheque manuscript, an unpretentious little volume by the same156 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDhand, gives the name of the scribe as "the sinful and wretched and unworthy servant of the philanthropic and merciful God .... Manuelthe Peaceful." Thus a short week's work in Paris added two more manuscripts to the group of exemplars from the Paleologus scriptorium andgave the name of the scribe who produced them.THE MANUSCRIPT IN CHICAGOOn its arival in Chicago on April 20, the Rockefeller-McCormickManuscript received an ovation worthy of itself. That afternoon Mrs.McCormick gave the department a reception in her Lake Shore Drivehome, where she exhibited the manuscript to a distinguished company ofher friends and publicly thanked Professor Goodspeed for giving herthe opportunity to purchase it. The following Monday evening the NewTestament Club held a public celebration in honor of the loan of themanuscript to the University. Harper Assembly Room was crowded tothe corridors with art lovers and friends of the humanities from all overthe city. The meeting was characterized by a steadily mounting enthusiasm which came to a culmination when, at the end, beautifully coloredslides of the manuscript illuminations were thrown on the screen and themanuscript itself was held up to public view. Mr. George B. Utley,the Director of Newberry Library, declared afterward: "This is a realevent in the cultural history of Chicago." In this festival manner theRockefeller-McCormick Manuscript was brought to Chicago, and thefourth act of the drama was over.The fifth and final act is yet to be written, but the department is already busily at wrork on it. In the publication of the codex three volumesuniform in size and format are planned. The first will reproduce in full-size, colored facsimiles the ninety-eight illuminations of the manuscript.The second monograph will be devoted to the text, and Dr. Donald W.Riddle is already engaged in its collation. The third volume will be devoted to the iconography of the manuscript. Thus comprehensively it isplanned to place before the public the precise textual and aesthetic importance of the Rockefeller-McCormick Codex.THE HISTORY OF THE MANUSCRIPTThere are many questions regarding the history of this manuscriptfrom the thirteenth century to our own that cannot be answered yet. Butthe main outlines of the story may be sketched in a tentative fashion atleast. The earliest home of the manuscript was the imperial library inthe Palace of the Paleologi in Constantinople. There it remained untilthe library was dissipated in the choas that marked the end of the Byzan-THE ROCKEFELLER-McCORMICK MANUSCRIPTtine Empire. It found a refuge in a monastic community in the Balkansor in Asia Minor, where it remained until recent years. Sometime in thepost-Byzantine period it acquired the two splendid, but ill-matched, metal covers which have since been its protection. Judging mainly from thearms and armor embossed thereon, Mr. Stephen Grancay of Metropolitan Museum, New York, inclined to date these covers from the sixteenthcentury. One of them, however, is the copy of a much earlier carvedivory book cover. The dealer tells the story — and it is confirmed by thecondition of the manuscript — that it was used in its monastic home asa magical book for the cure of sickness. Water was poured on the covers,and the patients were made to drink the water. Too much of the water,unfortunately, penetrated the book itself, so that many of the fine vellumleaves are in a crumpled condition and the text is smudged in spots. OnApril 20, 1 89 1, an unknown person whose initials were B. K. inscribedthe date and initials in modern Greek on a flyleaf of the codex. At thebeginning of our century the volume was in the hands of an anonymousEgyptian, since deceased. In 19 10 the manuscript was acquired by thedealer who, after retaining it in his possession for nearly two decades,sold it somewhat unwillingly to Mrs. McCormick. There yet remains anundeciphered last page which may reveal much more regarding the manuscript's history.The acquisition of the Rockefeller-McCormick Manuscript bringsto Chicago the opportunity of becoming an outstanding center for thestudy of Byzantine iconography as exemplified in manuscript illumination. There is at the present time no real center of Byzantine studies inAmerica; and the French savants, to whom the world owes so much forthe investigation of earlier Byzantine work, have treated the thirteenthcentury but casually and slightingly. Yet the Byzantine art of this century lies directly back of Duccio and Giotto and their re-creation of Italian painting. From this point of view what is represented by the Rockefeller-McCormick Manuscript is not so much the brilliant eventide ofByzantine art as the fresh foregleams of a new Western art. Thus theopportunity is at hand to throw needed light upon an important transition period in the history of art by the wise purchase and publication ofilluminated manuscripts of the later Byzantine period. Such manuscriptsare on the market in Europe at the present time. All that is needed is theopportunity to search them out and the funds to purchase them.RESIDENTIAL HALLS FOR WOMENALONG-TIME friend of the University recently expressed his joyover the progress of the University, and particularly over theL generous gifts providing new homes for departments whose buildings have been so distressingly inadequate. He wondered, however, whygenerous people had not made provision for residence halls for students,especially for women students. His solicitude was called forth by thestatement made in the April issue of the University Record that with theimminent razing of the two apartment buildings known as KenwoodHouse, as well as with the recent destruction of the two buildings onWoodlawn Avenue near the University Chapel, the number of womenstudents who may be sheltered in University-owned halls would soonbe reduced by seventy. Accordingly there are offered accommodations toonly 422 women students whose homes are removed from the Quadrangles, while the total number of registered women students during anyquarter is something like 2,000. Of this group of 2,000, some (about 45per cent), of course, live in their own homes; but it is not overstatedwhen it is said that fully 750 women are obliged to find shelter in otherthan University residence halls. Thanks to the efficiency of the HousingBureau, students not residing in the halls or in their own homes manageto obtain fairly comfortable places in which to live; but some, at least,of these rooms, while having a measure of comfort, are for those whooffer them for rent merely means of strengthening an inadequate familybudget. These rooms are dean but not always attractive. They are not"homes"; are not inspiring to study or to joy. They keep out the rainand snow, they usually are heated; but to the girl away from home theyare, as a rule, merely a shelter. They are inspected, but not guarded. Notall the rented rooms by any manner of means are of the cheerless variety,but there should be none. And with the decreasing number of houses inthe University neighborhood, and the increasing number of apartmentsnow being constructed with fewer rooms, or rooms of smaller dimensions,the situation, unless University halls are provided, will continue to growworse.Such a situation as that found at the University cannot but be harmful to the increase in the number of young women who naturally wouldseek the University of Chicago. There are, undoubtedly, many women in158RESIDENTIAL HALLS FOR WOMEN 159other institutions of learning who, but for absence of a sufficient numberof residence halls, would be registered at the University. University ofChicago teachers and administrators would be loath to prevent such students from seeking other universities if their educational needs may therebe most satisfactorily met. But to turn them away from the institutionwhich they would prefer because they cannot be housed in the University's own homes is lamentable, to say the least.At this late day it is unnecessary to set forth the advantages of thedormitory system both for men and women students. The social contacts,the cultural stimulus, the broadening of horizons, which follow in thetrain of association in University homes, need no special pleading. Granted the good effects of such group life, the inadequacy of it at the University is unfortunate. Notwithstanding the fact that the University inspects and oversees the rooms, houses, and apartments to which incomingstudents are directed, at best many of these residences are removedfrom the University Quadrangles and from the center of student lifeand activities. The lonesome, homesick girl feels forlorn enough whenliving among her fellow^students, but in a hall bedroom or third-story-apartment back room, without friends or even acquaintances, too oftengloom settles upon her as thick as a "pea-soup fog." Furthermore, whilemany landladies supervise the comings and goings and the visitors andvisiting of their tenants, students living away from their Chicago homesand outside of residence halls cannot possibly be guarded and guided asare those blessed with the thoughtfulness of a Miss Talbot, a Miss Wallace or a Miss Reynolds, to mention only three of the worthy women whohave made the women's halls of the University places to which to lookback upon as radiant with charm.The present need is accentuated when certain facts concerning thepresent student housing situation are stated. There were during the Autumn Quarter, 1927, 603 rooms for women listed with the Housing Bureau, outside the women's halls. Of these, only 313 were single rooms.Of these rooms inspected, 5 per cent were below the 60 per cent standardof University acceptability; 14 per cent graded as high as 69 per cent ofrequired excellence; and only 72 per cent (221 rooms) were above 70per cent. In other words, a number of women students live in rooms below the accepted University higher standard of excellence in comfort andconvenience. There must be a large number of women, outside those living with their own family, who occupy rooms of their own choosing. Someof these rooms, to say the least, are of none-too-satisfactory characterand are uninspected by the careful watchfulness of the Housing Bureau.No doubt these uninspected rooms are at times of low standard of stu-i6o THE UNIVERSITY RECORDdent requirements of health and comfort, and are often removed fromproximity to classrooms. The chief reason for student choice of theselower-grade residences is the lower price at which they are offered toyoung people with restricted incomes, many of whom are earning theirway in whole or in part during the period of their university training.Sixty-four women students are known to reside in inspected rooms as faras half to three-quarters of a mile from Cobb Hall. There are no recordsto indicate how far students must travel when living in quarters uninspected.One of the disadvantages which the student not in a residence hallmust undergo is the fact that only in exceptional instances may board beobtained in connection with a rented room, and recourse must be had tooutside restaurants and the cafeteria service provided by the University.Single furnished rooms outside the Quadrangles range in price from$60 to $120; in the residence halls the range is from $40 to $85 a quarter. In hotels the rate for single rooms with bath ranges from $45 to $75.The women who live outside the Quadrangles not only miss one of theoutstanding benefits of their University life but must pay more for livingquarters not equal in standard to those so well maintained by the University. To increase the rental of rooms in University halls to the amountcharged for outside rooms would, to be sure, equalize the rental and affordthe University an income above cost of management, but it would addanother barrier against students anxious to register in the university oftheir choice in Chicago. The best authorities on university finance agreethat to invest endowment funds in dormitories, even if such investmentprovides a good return for a period of years, is unwise and unjustifiable.In Wellesley, Vassar, and Smith the great majority of students livein dormitories. At Wellesley there are twenty-six houses; at Smith thirty-five houses with capacity of fifty to sixty students each.This article is not intended to find fault with a situation for whichthere can be no remedy until funds for new University homes for womenare provided by liberal-minded people such as those who gave their honored names to Foster, Kelly, Green, and Beecher halls. It aims to setforth the urgent need for other women's halls, none having been built fortwenty-nine years. During these twenty-nine years the annual numberof women students has increased from approximately 1,400 to 7,600.The accompanying table will give suggestive information concerningthe living quarters of the students registered at the University during thefirst term of the Summer Quarter of 1927.RESIDENTIAL HALLS FOR WOMEN 161HOUSING FACILITIES FOR 5,520 STUDENTS LIVING AT OR NEARTHE UNIVERSITY(First term Summer Quarter, 1927)Place of Residence No- ofStudents1. Residence halls, for 317 men and 332 women 6492. Special residence halls for women gQ3. Divinity and missionary apartments for 454. Graduate apartments for $Q5. Fraternity houses for 4506. Y.M.C.A. College dormitory for 2107. Private rooms through the Housing Buieau :Students housed in rooms 1,187Students housed in furnished apartments 6008. Rooms secured in such ways as through the Housing Bureau in previousquarters (many students return year after year to the same rooms) ;through personal solicitation; through window cards; through outsideroom-renting agencies ; through friends and in hotels 1,0009. At home 1,250Total 5,520THE UNIVERSITY CHAPELTHE chapel of University College, Oxford, was begun in 1639,but it was not completed until 1665, twenty-six years later.The chapel of the University of Chicago was begun August 281925, and three years after that date the building will have been practically completed. As may be seen in the accompanying illustration, thelast stone, on April 18, 1928, was hoisted to its place on the tower 210feet above the sidewalk of Woodlawn Avenue. So nearly complete is theGround Plan of the University Chapelgreat stone edifice that several thousand alumni crowded within its wallson Alumni Day, June 9. The date for dedication has not been set, butsuch exercises undoubtedly will be held this autumn or during the winter.It was on June 20, 1918, that the Trustees of the University commissioned Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue, of New York, then and nowmore than ever, regarded as the foremost exponent of Gothic architecture in the United States, to draw plans for a chapel. It stands for thedesire of the Founder, who gave the original fund ($1,500,000) for abuilding representing religion which should "be the central and dominant feature of the University group." How well the architect has interpreted Mr. Rockefeller's desire may be seen by those who look upon themass of wonderfully-placed Bedford limestone on the Midway Plaisance.162THE UNIVERSITY CHAPEL 163By careful investment of the original $1,500,000 and the incometherefrom the University will have been enabled to expend nearly$2,000,000 for the erection of the chapel, which amount includes the costof the organ. Adjoining buildings proposed for the choir and for purposesconnected with the use of the chapel, together with certain carved figures,were, owing to lack of sufficient funds, necessarily omitted from the contract for the construction. The cornerstone was laid on June n, 1926,with an address by Professor J. H. Tufts, not delivered at the buildingsite on account of rain.The University Record from time to time has provided illustrationsshowing the progress of the building, and in the issue for April, 1927,there appeared the first publication of reproductions of eight of the numerous carved figures which adorn, noticeably on the south front, thewalls and tower.Accompanying this article there are reproduced photographs showing the character of the construction of the vaults over the nave, as wellas portions of the brilliantly colored interior tile of effective design. Thisceiling is the only vaulting of glazed tile in a Gothic building in the United States. Approximately 100,000 pieces of this Gaustavino tile wereused. The ceiling weighs 800 tons and is covered by the steel-and-copperoutside roof. The tile plays a prominent part in obtaining good acousticsand freedom from echoes, there being 19,900 square feet of acoustic tilein the vaulting and 10,000 square feet of Sabinite acoustic plaster in thewalls. The interior finish, the pews, and the floor, except the tiled aisles,are of oak, portions of the woodwork being exquisitely hand carved. Memorial tablets of Dr. C. R. Henderson and others will eventually beplaced on the walls of the aisles.The following facts with reference to the building are informative:Total length of building, 265 feet; width across crossing, 120 feet; widthacross nave, 73 feet; clear span of nave, 41 feet; clear height in nave, 80feet; height of main roof, 95 feet 6 inches above floor. Total weight ofbuilding on 56 caissons, 27,264 tons; weight of caissons, 4,977 tons;weight of tower alone, 8,540 tons; weight of one buttress, 1,137 tons-The entire building is supported on fifty-six caissons reaching down torock, about seventy feet below basement floor or about sixty-nine feetbelow water level. The building is entirely of masonry construction;there is no structural steel except for the roof trusses and a few I-beams.The tower wall is 8 feet 2 inches thick at bottom. Buttresses are 16 feetlYz inches wide at bottom. The stone is "quarry run" Indiana limestone, and it required 230 freight cars to transport the 71,000 different164 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDpieces of stone comprising the 92,000 cubic feet necessary for the building; 3,250,000 bricks were used. There are five main bays, 41X33 feetwide. The clerestory windows are the distinctive feature of the architecture and are the largest in the country, measuring 15 feet in width by 44feet in height. The building provides seats for 1,927 people.Professor Edgar J. Goodspeed, who has devoted much time andthought to the symbolic carvings of the chapel, thus describes the sculpture:The extreme severity of the architecture is relieved by the richness of the sculpture on the south front. Above the south door stands a heroic figure of the archangel Michael, the symbol of righteousness militant. A line of shields above the archcarries the arms of nine American universities of private foundation : Harvard, Yale,Princeton, Columbia, Chicago, Johns Hopkins, Stanford, Northwestern, Cornell.The great window above echoes the dynamic movement of the Te Deum — theglorious company of the apostles being represented by James and John ; the goodlyfellowship of the phophets by Amos and Hosea; and the noble army of martyrs byHuss and Tyndale. From its upper angles the faces of St. Monica, the mother of Augustine, and St. Cecilia look down, symbolizing devotion and music. The tops of thebuttresses on each side of the window are flanked by demiflgures of the four evangelists.The fifteen figures in the turrets and the great frieze present the march of religion from Abraham, on the west face of the west turret, and Moses on the south faceof it, through Elijah, Isaiah, Zoroaster, Plato, and John the Baptist, up to Christ inthe center. Then follow Peter, Paul, Athanasius, Augustine, and Francis, with Luther in the turret and Calvin on the east face of it. The whole design suggests themarch of religion through the centuries, set to the inspiring music of the Te Deum.The west narthex door is flanked by demiflgures of Learning and Service ; theeast (porte cochere) door, by Morning and Evening. Flanking the top of the adjacent buttresses are the demiflgures of the Artist and the Philosopher (east) and theStatesman and the Scientist (west).The west aisle door is flanked by student demiflgures, a man and a woman. Inthe canopy of the west aisle door are demiflgures of the Scientist, the Administrator,and the Scholar, representing the three types of mind engaged in the conduct of theUniversity. About the base of the great window above are demiflgures of Mercyand Truth (at the base), Righteousness and Peace (in the jambs of the window).High up in the jambs of the five west windows are the arms of ten state universities.In similar positions on the east side are the arms of ten foreign universities. Flankingthe east aisle door are demiflgures of Milton and Dante.The tower door is flanked by figures of President Wilson and President Roosevelt, two university men of our own time who have carried the crusading spirit intopublic life. The arms of Princeton and Harvard are on the adjacent shields, and below are those of the United States and the University. In the spandrels above thearch are shown Athens, the ancient city of learning, and a modern city of learning,Chicago.Other figures appear on the tower. Within, the tower door is flanked by portrait heads of Bach (Music) and Goodhue (Architecture). In the window above areBETWEEN VAULTING AND ROOF TYPICAL TILING OF NAVETHE UNIVERSITY CHAPEL NAVETHE UNIVERSITY CHAPEL I65demiflgures of the Sage and the Psalmist, and flanking the west transept door opposite are the Priest and the Prophet. The emblems of Strength and Beauty supportthe transept gallery.The most commanding feature of the interior is the tile-vaulted ceiling, whichis given warmth and color by panels representing angels with musical instrumentsand by medallion pictures of the things in nature which as the objects of man'sstudy reveal God : the star, the flower, the tree, the bird, the man, the cloud. Thelow and narrow aisle, virtually hidden in the buttresses, and the shallow triforiumabove it leave room for the soaring clerestory windows which fill the great buildingwith softened, mellow light. The emblems of the evangelists, the angel, the lion, theox, and the eagle, form the corbels of the great pier arches.The great organ is partly in the organ chamber on the east side of the chanceland partly in the south gallery above the narthex. It may be played from a consolein the chancel or from one in the south gallery. It was built by the Skinner Company.THE GEORGE HERBERT JONESLABORATORYTHE first work in building the George Herbert Jones Laboratoryfor chemistry began May 26. Ground was formally broken onMay 29. Dean H. G. Gale presided over the exercises, held onthe steps of Kent Laboratory, which accompanied the beginning of thisimportant building project.Mr. Julius Stieglitz, Chairman of the Department of Chemistry,said:Our staff members and graduate students are rejoicing at this dawn of a newera ; they are now struggling with cramped and inadequate quarters, some in basements in congested laboratories where concentration and privacy are impossible andwithout proper space to care for instruments of precision. They can hardly await theday to move into the shelter of private rooms with all the equipment that they needand the opportunity to do their hard thinking on the spot. It is splendid to reflectthat scientific discoveries will come from this building to be of service far beyond thelife of the youngest here. The pure science of chemistry itself is replete with unsolvedquestions. The chemist will be able to answer these, and in industry such questionsas how to make oil cheaply out of shale oil and coal when our present supply is exhausted.The donor of the building, Mr. George Herbert Jones, of the InlandSteel Company, who guided the plunging excavator's first impact into thesurface of what formerly was a tennis court, expressed his pleasure inproviding the necessary funds to add another useful laboratory to thosealready in effective use. He expressed the hope that the research work tobe carried on in the new building might stimulate industrial progress.President Mason accepted Mr. Jones' notable gift amounting to$665,000. He said:In a real sense, the donors are the University and we are administrating thefunds given by them for the benefit of humanity. This building is the first tangiblestep in the program for the physical sciences, a program real and important. Scientific research programs operate much as does an individual investigator. The scientist starts keenly interested in the problem, for solving scientific problems is thegreatest intellectual excitement in the world. That is why the scientist is a man to beenvied. Then comes the next step, the practical application of the solution for thebenefit of humanity, which is released from drudgery by technical progress. Thencomes the third and most significant step, the philosophical implications of the solution, the deeper underlying relation of the results to human understanding. Within166>xoH<Xopq<t/3wsoI — IH«apqX¦xXo«QoHH*O<WXncoXoaGEORGE HERBERT TONES LABORATORY 167the last decade the story told by the physical sciences, surpassing the wildest imagination, has been the basis of a new appreciation of human problems and understanding.We start this new building, in this most fundamental of sciences, at a time mostcritical in the development of knowledge. We hope that in the years to come the result of this effort will be a lasting satisfaction to the donor and to all humanity.A full description of the building appeared in the April number ofthe University Record. It will adjoin Kent Chemical Laboratory on thewest, partly filling the empty space between Cobb Hall and Snell Hall.It will provide facilities for one hundred research chemists and as manyor more graduate students.THE PAST SEASON'S WORK OFTHE ORIENTAL INSTITUTEHE Prehistoric Survey Expedition of the Oriental Institute isunder the direction of Dr. K. S. Sandford and his colleague Mr.W. J. Arkell, both of Oxford. The report of their first season'swork (1926-27) has just been published, and the results throw a newlight on both geology and human development in the Nile Valley. During the past winter (1927-28) the geological relations of the Nile Valleyto the remarkable western depression called the Fayum have been forthe first time thoroughly investigated. Implements wrought by man havebeen found imbedded in Lower Pleistocene deposits of enormous age —the earliest geologically dated human remains ever found in the NearEast. Outside the Nile Valley paleolithic implements were discoveredimbedded in the geological deposits on the Red Sea coast. This is thefirst discovery of stratigraphically dated human handiwork on this seaboard.RESEARCHES FROM THE BLACK SEA TO THE SUDANThe field researches of the Institute stretch along a front extendingfrom the Black Sea on the north to the Egyptian Sudan on the south.The northernmost enterprise of the Institute is the Hittite Expedition,which under the joint field directorship of Mr. H. H. von der Osten andDr. Erich Schmidt has for the past two seasons been working in centralAsia Minor where within the great bend of the Halys River south of theBlack Sea preliminary explorations disclosed some fifty-five new andunmapped Hittite sites, several of them of astonishing size. Indeed, vonder Osten's report on one of them, a place now known as Keykavus Ka-leh, indicates a vast city, the largest pre-Greek city of Asia Minor. Inthe late spring of 1927 the Expedition began the excavation of one ofthese sites about 128 miles east by southeast of Angora, known, afterthe name of the nearest village, as Alishar Huyuk. The first season'swork has for the first time clearly established the pottery sequence andother criteria necessary for dating the successive levels in an ancient Hittite site.One of the most important discoveries at Alishar is that of someancient Hittite human bodies, the first ever found, which will lead to168PAST SEASON'S WORK OF ORIENTAL INSTITUTE 169identifying the race of this remarkable people. Several of the bodies havealready reached Haskell Museum at the University of Chicago, and Dr.Fay-Cooper Cole and his associates in the Department of Anthropologyare expecting to co-operate in a close examination of them. Having penetrated to the level of a citadel clearly identified as associated with theHittite hieroglyphic people last December, the Expedition resumed workagain in May. Throughout its operations the Expedition has enjoyed thegreatest courtesy and co-operation at the hands of the Angora government.THE MEGIDDO EXPEDITIONFarther south, in Palestine, the Megiddo Expedition, under the fielddirectorship of Mr. P. L. O. Guy, is now penetrating the mound of ancient Armageddon to the levels below that of the Hebrew monarchy; andduring the present season which began in April, will probably reachmonuments of the Egyptian imperial age. Among many evidences ofEgyptian occupation already found, is a cylinder seal not yet definitelydated but evidently in regular, use in the administration of a temple inthe ancient city. It is engraved with a representation showing an Egyptian Pharaoh reclining in a palanquin carried on the shoulders of hisbearers and preceded by two religious standards: one Egyptian, surmounted by the image of the god Anubis; the other Asiatic, bearing asymbol of the Asiatic Moon god. This seal points clearly to a long-continued early Egyptian occupation, and the periodic appearance of anEgyptian sovereign in temple ceremonies in Palestine long before theerection of a Hebrew temple there.THE LUXOR EPIGRAPHIC EXPEDITIONOf equal importance scientifically, though perhaps without the immediate popular appeal and romance which attaches to the excavation ofan ancient city mound, is the work of the Luxor Epigraphic Expedition.The Institute has erected at Luxor, on the west bank of the Nile, twospacious buildings which include working and living quarters and a splendid library. These form the headquarters of the Institute in Egypt. Herea staff composed of photographers, draughtsmen, and epigraphers underthe able field directorship of Dr. Harold H. Nelson, with the aid of complete field equipment, is able to produce more rapidly than heretoforecomplete facsimile records of inscriptions and reliefs. The first temple tobe recorded by the Expedition is Medinet Habu, on the west bank of theriver; and the first of the five or six volumes which this temple will provide has just gone to the printer's hands.170 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDThe work of this expedition is not confined to epigraphy and wallsculpture. It is extended also to architecture, and the Institute has organized an architectural branch under the immediate charge of ProfessorUvo Hoelscher. During the past winter the excavation of the palace ofRameses III (twelfth century, b.c.) connected with the Medinet Habutemple, has for the first time made clear the ground plan, and to no smallextent the elevation of such a pharaonic palace. In Dr. Breasted's ownwords,We now walk through the Pharaoh's fine apartments, all of them essentiallyalike, for the accommodation of the sovereign, his queen and three ladies of theharem. Each of these apartments was supplied with its private bath ; and the drainage arrangements and even the walls of these ancient bathrooms are still preserved.The adjoining apartments of the royal officers and clerical force, together with theadministrative offices, store-rooms and magazines of the palace, will be cleared nextseason. They cover a large area. The whole is enclosed in two strong fortifications,an outer curtain wall surrounding a lofty and massive fortress wall. In the heart ofthe whole complex the five royal apartments above mentioned were protected by amassive inner (third) wall, first disclosed by this season's work. The reconstructionof all these buildings in elevation will be relatively easy.THE PALESTINE MUSEUMThe foregoing projects of the Institute and the work of other organizations in the field have more than ever made manifest the need for museum buildings in the Near East, to serve not only for the installation andeducational exhibition of monuments discovered by archaeological expeditions but also for the physical conservation and scientific study ofthe monuments so housed. Before leaving the Near East, Dr. Breastedwas invited to meet Lord Plumer 's museum committee and to discuss withits members the plans for the new Palestine Museum, for which Mr. JohnD. Rockefeller, Jr. recently gave $2,000,000. The plans are in an advanced stage and will provide for Palestine not only a beautiful museumbuilding, but also a new institution of great scientific and educationalvalue. Lord Plumer and his able associates at Jerusalem have shown themost cordial co-operation in meeting the increasing responsibilities implied in the archaeology of Palestine.The Institute is at grips with the fundamentals of early human development. It is seeking and recording these fundamentals and buildingup a storehouse of facts -which shall furnish a fuller basis for a historyof the origins of civilization and of civilized societies than has heretofore been available. The members of the Institute staffs, now numberingsome fifty people, share with the director the earnest open-minded pursuit of scientific truth which they find does not militate against theirPAST SEASON'S WORK OF ORIENTAL INSTITUTE 171faith and which they regard as "an obligation as sacred as any imposedupon us by theories of revelation, because the Author of the universe hashanded us his work without any intervening agency of human hands asin the case of revelation." The true spirit of scientific research in anyfield tends to create a reverence which is sound and fearless because it isnot based on conjecture; and those who, like the members of the Institute staff, are dealing at first hand with the imposing spectacle of therise of humankind, are perhaps best able to view sympathetically the intellectual plight of men who, though honestly seeking the truth, are notyet familiar with what Dr. Breasted calls "the New Past."THE BOARD OF TRUSTEESBy JOHN F. MOULDS, Secretary of the BoardPRESIDENT MAX MASON'S RESIGNATIONAT A special meeting of the Board of Trustees, held May 7, 1928,/\ the resignation of President Mason was accepted to take effectX A^n°t later than July 1, 1928. Mr. Frederic Woodward was appointed Acting President, effective upon the date when President Masonshould find it necessary to leave the University. Mr. Woodward becameActing President on June 15, 1928.At the same meeting the President of the Board was authorized toappoint a special committee of five Trustees to study the problem of thefuture president of the University, and the University Senate was requested to arrange for a Faculty committee of five, the two committeesjointly to study the problem and to make recommendations to the Board.At a subsequent meeting the following Trustees were appointed as members of the Trustees' committee: Charles W. Gilkey, Chairman, WilliamScott Bond, Vice-Chairman, Thomas E. Donnelley, Albert W. ShererJand Harold H. Swift, with Robert L. Scott as first alternate; and the following members of the Faculty were appointed as members of the Senatecommittee: W. E. Dodd, H. G. Gale, G. J. Laing, C. E. Merriam, andFrederic Woodward, with alternates in the order named: L. C. Marshall,F. R. Lillie, and F. C. McLean.ELECTION OF OFFICERS AND TRUSTEESThe following Trustees have been re-elected for the term which expires with the annual meeting in 1931: Sewell L. Avery, Harrison B.Barnard, Eli B. Felsenthal, Samuel C. Jennings, Frank H. Lindsay, Julius Rosenwald, Martin A. Ryerson, and Harold H. Swift.The following officers of the Board were re-elected for the term ofone year and until the annual meeting in 1929: President, Harold H.Swift; First Vice-President, Thomas E. Donnelley; Second Vice-President, Robert L. Scott; Third Vice-President, William Scott Bond; Treasurer, Eugene M. Stevens; Secretary, John F. Moulds; and Corresponding Secretary, J. Spencer Dickerson.The following administrative officers were reappointed to the respective offices for the term of one year and until the annual meeting in 1929:172PhC3P--coEO«CH-1CcEni— i<(*v,V2X<V.Xwpqcxo:/:WTHE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 1 73Business Manager, Lloyd R. Steere; Auditor, Nathan C. Plimpton; Assistant Business Manager, George O. Fairweather; Assistant BusinessManager at the Quadrangles, John F. Moulds; Assistant Auditor, William B. Harrell; Assistant Secretary, William J. Mather; and AssistantSecretary, Lyndon H. Lesch.APPOINTMENTSThe following appointments were made by authority of the Boardof Trustees during the Spring Quarter, 1928:H. F. McNair, now of the University of Washington, as Professorin the Department of History, for one year from October 1, 1928.Stephen Ives Langmaid, now of the University of Missouri, as Visiting Professor in the Law School, for one year from October 1, 1928.John Cover, now of the University of Pittsburgh, as ProfessorialLecturer in Commerce and Administration in the Department of Economics, for one year from October 1, 1928.Dr. Richard Jaffe, of the Cook County Hospital, as Professorial Lecturer in the Department of Pathology, for one year from July 1, 1928.Morris S. Kharasch, now of the University of Maryland, as AssociateProfessor in the Department of Chemistry, from October 1, 1928.Simeon E. Leland, now of the University of Kentucky, as AssociateProfessor in the Department of Economics, for three years from July1, 1928.Robert S. Mulliken, now of New York University, as Associate Professor in the Department of Physics, from October 1, 1928.Helen R. Wright, now of Robert Brookings Graduate School, as Associate Professor of Social Economy, in the School of Social Service Administration, for five years from October 1, 1928.Carey Croneis, now of Harvard University, as Assistant Professor inthe Department of Geology, for two years from October 1, 1928.Carl Eckart, as Assistant Professor in the Department of Physics,for two years, from October 1, 1928.G. A. Elliot, as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Economics, from October 1, 1928, for the period of one year.Nelson B. Henry, Jr., now of the Lewis Institute, as Assistant Professor of Education and Assistant to the Director of the School of Education, for three years from July 1, 1928.Dr. John R. Lindsay, as Assistant Professor of Surgery in the Department of Surgery, for one year from July 1, 1928.John Nef, as Assistant Professor in the Department of Economics,for one year on a part-time basis for the Winter and Spring Quarters,1929.174 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDH. C. Simons, as Assistant Professor in the Department of Economics, for one year from October i, 1928.Rae Blanchard, as Instructor in the Department of English, for oneyear from October 1, 1928.Clarence William Brown, as Instructor in the Department of Psychology, for one year from October 1, 1928.Dr. P. C. Bucy, as part-time Instructor in the Department of Surgery, for one year from September 1, 1928.Frederick I. Carpenter, as Instructor in the Department of Comparative Literature for the Autumn Quarter, 1928, and the Winter andSpring Quarters, 1929.Christian Thomas Elvey, as Instructor in the Department of Astronomy, for one year from August 1, 1928.Ernest F. Haden, as Instructor in the Department of Romance Languages in the Junior Colleges, for one year from October 1, 1928.Arlien Johnson, as Instructor in the School of Social Service Administration, for one year from October 1, 1928.Edgar Johnson, as Instructor in the Department of History, for oneyear from October 1, 1928.Burton W. Jones, as Instructor in the Department of Mathematics,for one year from October 1, 1928.Dr. Alfred E. Koehler, as Instructor in Medicine under the LaskerFoundation, for the period from August 1, 1928, to June 30, 1929.William Kurath, as Instructor in the Department of Germanic Languages in the Junior Colleges, for one year from October 1, 1928.John M. Mason, as Instructor in the College of Education, for theSpring Quarter, 1928.John A. Morrison, as Instructor in the Department of Geography, forone year from October 1, 1928.John Paul Quigley, as Instructor in the Department of Physiology,for one year from October 1, 1928.George E. Salt, as Instructor in the Department of Zoology, for oneyear from January 1, 1929.J. B. Sanders, as Instructor in the Department of History, for oneyear from October 1, 1928.Dr. Henry L. Schmitz, as Instructor in Medicine under the LaskerFoundation, for one year from July 1, 1928.Charles Robert Sherer as Instructor in the Department of Mathematics, for the Summer Quarter, 1928.Elva Staud, as Instructor in the Department of Physical Culture,for one year from October 1, 1928.THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES *75Dr. J. M. Steele, as Instructor in the Department of Medicine, forone year from July 1, 1928.Edward Boucher Stevens, as Instructor in the Department of Greek,for one year from October 1, 1928.Harry A. Swenson, as Instructor in the Department of Psychology,for one year from October 1, 1928.Marion Van Tuyl, as Instructor in the Department of Physical Culture, for one year from October 1, 1928.Adah Elizabeth Verder, as Instructor in the Department of Hygieneand Bacteriology, for one year from October 1, 1928.Marion Warner, as Instructor in the Department of Physical Culture, for one year from October 1, 1928.Dr. William E. Cary, as Clinical Instructor in the Department ofMedicine, from April 1 to June 30, 1928.Dr. W. E. Gouwens, as Clinical Instructor in the Department ofMedicine, for one year from July 1, 1928.Dr. Malcolm A. Kemper, as Clinical Instructor in the Department ofSurgery (Genito-Urinary) in Rush Medical College, for one year fromJuly 1, 1928.Dr. P. A. Rosborough, as Clinical Instructor in the Department ofMedicine, for one year from July 1, 1928.Dr. Ruth E. Taylor, as Physician in the Health Service and as Clinical Instructor in the Department of Medicine, for two years from October 1, 1928.Dr. Lincoln V. Domm, as Research Associate in the Department ofZoology, for two years from July 1, 1928.Dr. Mary Juhn, as Research Associate in the Department of Zoology, for two years from July 1, 1928.Dr. Mabel Magee, as Research Associate in the Department of Economics, for one year from October 1, 1928.PROMOTIONSDuring the Spring Quarter the following promotions were made:Dr. Rudolph Wieser Holmes, to be Professor Emeritus in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Rush Medical College, forone year from July 1, 1928.W. C. Allee, to a professorship in the Department of Zoology, fromOctober 1, 1928.E. A. Burtt, to a professorship in the Department of Philosophy,from October 1, 1928.176 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDI. N. Edwards, to a professorship in the Department of Education,from October 1, 1928.W. C. Graham, to a professorship in the Divinity School, from July1, 1928.W. J. G. Land, to a professorship in the Department of Botany, fromOctober 1, 1928.H. B. Lemon, to a professorship in the Department of Physics, fromOctober 1, 1928.C. R. Moore, to a professorship in the Department of Zoology fromOctober 1, 1928.F. E. Ross, to a professorship in the Department of Astronomy, fromOctober 1, 1928.W. L. Bullock, to an associate professorship in the Department ofRomance, from October 1, 1928.Davis Edwards, to an associate professorship in the Divinity School,on a half-time basis, from October 1, 1928.D. J. Fisher, to an associate professorship in the Department of Geology, from October 1, 1928.George D. Fuller, to an associate professorship in the Department ofBotany, from October 1, 1928.Dr. Lee Connel Gatewood, to an associate clinical professorship inthe Department of Medicine in Rush Medical College, for one year fromJuly 1, 1928.J. W. E. Glattfeld, to an associate professorship in the Departmentof Chemistry from October 1, 1928.Peter Hagboldt, to an associate professorship in the Junior CollegeDivision of the Department of Germanics, from October 1, 1928.C. T. Holman, to an associate professorship in the Divinity School,from July 1, 1928.F. C. Hoyt, to an associate professorship in the Department of Physics, from October 1, 1928.Dr. Aaron Elias Kanter, to an associate clinical professorship in theDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Rush Medical College, forone year from July 1, 1928.R. S. Piatt, to an associate professorship in the Department of Geography, from October 1, 1928.D. W. Riddle, to an associate professorship in the Department ofNew Testament, from July 1, 1928.Lydia J. Roberts, to an associate professorship in the Departmentof Home Economics, from October 1, 1928.THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 177Dr. Carl Wesley Apfelbach, to an assistant professorship in the Department of Pathology in Rush Medical College, for one year from July1, 1928.H. E. Hayward, to an assistant professorship in the Department ofBotany, for two years from October 1, 1928.W. C. Johnson, to an assistant professorship in the Department ofChemistry, for two years from July 1, 1928.W. N. Mitchell, to an assistant professorship in the School of Commerce and Administration, for one year from October 1, 1928.Hilda L. Norman, to an assistant professorship in the Department ofRomance, for two years from October 1, 1928.Robert Redfield, to an assistant professorship in the Department ofSociology, for two years from October 1, 1928.E. F. Rothschild, to an assistant professorship in the Department ofArt, for two years from January 1, 1929.Durbin Rowland, to an assistant professorship in the Junior College Division of the Department of Romance, for two years from October 1, 1928.Grace E. Storm, to an assistant professorship in the College of Education, for two years from October 1, 1928.Dr. William E. Cary, to an assistant clinical professorship, on a part-time basis in the Department of Medicine, for two years from July 1,1928.Dr. Frank A. Chapman, to an assistant clinical professorship in theDepartment of Medicine in Rush Medical College, for one year fromJuly 1, 1928.Dr. Francis Leo Foran, to an assistant clinical professorship in theDepartment of Medicine in Rush Medical College, for one year fromJuly 1, 1928.Dr. Roy Grinker, to an assistant clinical professorship in the Department of Medicine, on a part-time basis, for two years from July 1,1928.Dr. Harry Lee Huber, to an assistant clinical professorship in theDepartment of Medicine of Rush Medical College, for one year fromJuly 1, 1928.Dr. Harry Lee Huber, to an assistant clinical professorship on apart-time basis in the Department of Medicine, for two years from July1, 1928.Dr. Frank Brazzil Kelly, to an assistant clinical professorship in theDepartment of Medicine in Rush Medical College, for one year fromJuly 1, 1928.178 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDDr. Grant Harrison Laing, to an assistant clinical professorship inthe Department of Medicine in Rush Medical College, for one year fromJuly i, 1928.Dr. Yale Norman Levinson, to an assistant clinical professorship inthe Department of Medicine in Rush Medical College, for one year fromJuly 1, 1928.Dr. Marie G. Ortmayer, to an assistant clinical professorship in theDepartment of Medicine, on a part-time basis, for two years from July1, 1928.Dr. Sidney Alexander Portis, to an assistant clinical professorshipin the Department of Medicine in Rush Medical College, for one yearfrom July 1, 1928.Dr. Howard Martin Sheaff, to an assistant clinical professorship inthe Department of Medicine in Rush Medical College, for one year fromJuly 1, 1928.Dr. LeRoy Hendrick Sloan, to an assistant clinical professorship inthe Department of Medicine in Rush Medical College, for one year fromJuly 1, 1928.Dr. George Oliver Solem, to an assistant clinical professorship in theDepartment of Medicine in Rush Medical College, for one year fromJuly 1, 1928.Dr. Edward Julius Stieglitz, to an assistant clinical professorship inthe Department of Medicine in Rush Medical College, for one year fromJuly 1, 1928.Dr. Charles Klaus Stulik, to an assistant clinical professorship inthe Department of Pediatrics in Rush Medical College, for one year fromJuly 1, 1928.Dr. Ralph W. Trimmer, to an assistant clinical professorship in theDepartment of Medicine in Rush Medical College, for one year fromJuly 1, 1928.Dr. Emil George Vrtiak, to an assistant clinical professorship in theDepartment of Medicine in Rush Medical College, for one year fromJuly 1, 1928.Dr. Margaret Howard Austin, to a clinical instructorship in the Department of Medicine in Rush Medical College, for one year from July1, 1928.Dr. Carl Philip Bauer, to a clinical instructorship in the Departmentof Obstetrics and Gynecology in Rush Medical College, for one year fromJuly 1, 1928.Dr. William L. Buhrman, to a clinical instructorship in the Department of Pediatrics in Rush Medical College, for one year from July 1,1928.THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 179Dr. George E. Miller, to a clinical instructorship in the Departmentof Medicine (Materia Medica and Toxicology) in Rush Medical College,for one year from July 1, 1928.Dr. George J. Rukstinat, to an instructorship in the Department ofPathology in Rush Medical College, for one year from July 1, 1928.Dr. Earl Alfred Zaus, to a clinical instructorship in the Departmentof Medicine in Rush Medical College, for one year from July 1, 1928.RESIGNATIONSThe following resignations were received and accepted by the Boardof Trustees during the Spring Quarter:Professor W. W. Charters, effective October 1, 1928.Dr. J. C. Geiger, as Professorial Lecturer in Epidemiology in theDepartment of Hygiene and Bacteriology, effective as of March 1, 1928.John F. Norton, as Associate Professor in the Department of Hygiene and Bacteriology, effective as of September 30, 1928.Derwent S. Whittlesey, as Associate Professor in the Department ofGeography and in the School of Commerce and Administration, effectiveOctober 1, 1928.Dr. Ruth E. Boynton, as Physician in the Health Service and Assistant Clinical Professor in the Department of Medicine, effective September 30, 1928.H. C. O. Hoick, as Instructor in the Department of Physiology, effective at the end of the Winter Quarter, 1928.Henry C. Morrison, as Superintendent of the Laboratory Schools,effective July 1, 1928, but remains as Professor of School Administrationin the School Education.DEATHProfessor Emeritus William Gardner Hale died June 23, 1928. Mr.Hale was retired from the Department of Latin in July of 19 19.GIFTSMr. Bernard E. Sunny has added to the sum which he had previously given to the University, the total to be used for the construction of agymnasium for the Laboratory Schools of the School of Education.Mr. George Herbert Jones has pledged an additional sum of $50,-000 to apply on the cost of construction of the George Herbert JonesLaboratory.Mr. Robert Law, Jr., has increased his subscription to the Development Fund from $80,000 to $200,000, the total to be used as endowmentof a Distinguished Service Professorship.i8o THE UNIVERSITY RECORDA grant of $8,000 has been received from the Utilities ResearchCommission for research work under the direction of Professor ArthurH. Compton in the characteristics of electrical insulation, with particularreference to dielectric strength.The Evaporated Milk Association has made three grants to the University: one in the amount of $300 for a study under the direction ofDr. Harry Gideon Wells of the effect of the processes used in the evaporation of milk on the immunological behavior of the milk proteins; another in the amount of $1,100 to the Department of Physiological Chemistry to continue investigation now in progress on the digestibility ofproteins in evaporated milk; and another in the amount of $2,200 to theDepartment of Physiological Chemistry for an investigation of vitaminB and of the possibility of deficiencies resulting in pellagra or in disturbed milk production.Twenty-five thousand dollars has been received from the MilbankFund of New York City, to carry on research in infantile paralysis underthe direction of Drs. Jordan and Hektoen.The American Medical Association has made a grant of $1,000 toProfessor A. A. Maximow, of the Department of Anatomy, for technicalhelp in his work on tissue culture.A grant of $640 has been received from the Hoover Company to provide for a study of certain problems relating to the consumption of human energy in household tasks.Mrs. Anna L. Wieboldt has pledged one-half of the cost of photographing the Bestandes des Deutsches Volksliedarchiv for the Department of Germanic Languages and Literatures, providing such one-halfshall not exceed $10,000.The International Students' Extension has provided the sum of $11,-250 to promote welfare work among foreign students at the Universityduring the year 1928-29.There has been received the sum of $200 from the American Council of Learned Societies to assist Professor James Westfall Thompson, ofthe Department of History, in his work on "Studies in the Economic andSocial History of the Middle Ages."Dr. Lester E. Frankenthal has given the sum of $449.60 to coverpurchases for the Medical Library.Dr. E. DeGolyer has provided a torsion balance for use of studentsin petroleum geology.An anonymous donor has added the sum of $1,000 to the UniversityLoan and Gift Fund.THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 181Mr. Charles G. Coit has added the sum of $100 to the Clara M. CoitFund for Medical Students.There has been received a pledge from the Leila Houghteling Fund,Incorporated, in the amount of $50,000, for the purpose of establishingthe Leila Houghteling Fellowship and Scholarship Fund in the School ofSocial Service Administration, to be paid on or before July 1, 193 1, thesum of $2,500 a year for three years to be paid to cover the scholarshipsand fellowships until the endowment of $50,000 is received.The University is a beneficiary to the extent of $5,000 of an insurance policy on the life of Dr. Charles H. Viol, who died April 6, 1928.It was Dr. VioFs wish that the fund thus given to the University shouldbe used to establish a graduate scholarship or fellowship in Chemistry.The friends of the late Louise Roth, a graduate of the Class of 1900,have pledged the sum of $4,000 of which the income shall be used for anundergraduate scholarship in memory of Louise Roth, to be awarded annually by the President with special regard to the merits of graduates ofthe John Marshall High School.Mr. Reuben H. Donnelley has renewed the Laura Thorne DonnelleyFellowship of $1,500 in the Department of Physiology for three years.LaVerne Noyes Scholarships in the amount of $12,000 have beenprovided for Rush Medical College for the year 1928-29, by the Estateof LaVerne Noyes.Mr. Henry M. Wolf has renewed the Henry M. Wolf Fellowship inAmerican History in the amount of $1,000 for the year 1928-29, andhas contributed the sum of $2,500 toward a professorship in OrientalHistory for the year 1928-29, to be held by Professor H. F, McNair.Mr. Frank G. Logan has contributed the sum of $250 for a scholarship in Anthropology in the Department of Sociology and Anthropologyfor 1928-29, and the sum of $250 for field work in the Department ofAnthropology.The sum of $1,844.02 has been received from the Phi Beta DeltaAlumnae of the University of Chicago for the purpose of creating a scholarship fund, the income from which is to be applied upon the tuition ofone or more women students to be appointed by the President upon thenomination of the Phi Beta Delta Alumnae.The Lilly Research Laboratories have provided three fellowships inChemistry for the year 1928-29, one of $900, and two of $750 each, tobe awarded to three students who were working under Dr. Kharasch atthe University of Maryland, and who will come to the University ofChicago.182 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDA scholarship in the amount of $250 has been contributed by theChicago Woman's Aid to be awarded to a woman student in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology.Five hundred dollars has been added to the Alice H. Putnam Scholarship Fund by the Froebel Association Alumnae.Mrs. Frances M. Chave has given the sum of $300 for a scholarshipfor a young woman of the Freshman class for the year 1928-29.Mr. Harold F. McCormick has pledged for the School of SocialService Administration of each of the three fiscal years, 1928, 1929, and1930, such part of the sum of $5,000 as shall be necessary to completethe matching of the conditional grant of the Laura Spelman RockefellerMemorial.Mrs. Anita M. Blaine has pledged to contribute to the School of Social Service Administration the sum of $500 for three years beginningwith the fiscal year, 1927-28.The following subscriptions have been received for the Frank Billings Medical Clinical Fund: Mr. Frederick Bode, in the amount of$5,000; and Mr. Herman H. Hettler, in the amount of $1,000.The following works of art have been received: a portrait of Professor Harry A. Bigelow by Theodore Johnson, presented by the LawSchool Association of the University of Chicago ; two paintings by Professor Walter Sargent, purchased for the University by Mr. Martin A.Ryerson and Mr. Harold H. Swift; a series of four framed engravings byBurne- Jones from Miss Helen C. Gunsaulus. Two paintings by WilliamSchumacher which have been hanging in the Reading Room of HarperMemorial Library have been given to the University by Mrs. Frank R.Lillie.AMONG THE DEPARTMENTSTHE DEPARTMENT OF HYGIENE ANDBACTERIOLOGY. By Edwin 0. JordanHYGIENE and Bacteriology have been subjects of instructionand research in the University of Chicago since its foundationin 1892. In that year a single course, "Sanitary Biology," wasgiven by the writer, then a member of the Department of Zoology. Forten years the Department of Zoology continued to shelter such coursesas "General Bacteriology," "Pathogenic Bacteria," and "Public Hygiene." During a second decade these courses were given in the Department of Pathology and Bacteriology. Since 1913 there has been a Department of Hygiene and Bacteriology.THE FIELD OF BACTERIOLOGYDuring the past forty years the rapid expanding science of bacteriology has started so many new trains of thought of surpassing humaninterest that it has been almost impossible to keep pace with them all.In this university there has been little opportunity to develop the agricultural or industrial sides of bacteriology, important as these are, or tostudy with proper facilities the fundamental biological problems to thesolution of which bacteria are peculiarly adapted. Nevertheless, something has been accomplished in all these fields. Five of the thirty-fivedoctors of the department are engaged in research in leading agriculturalexperiment stations and have made valuable contributions to knowledge.Recently the generous co-operation of the American Institute of MeatPackers has made practicable the study of various problems in industrialbacteriology. This work has been carried on under the immediate supervision of Professor John F. Norton and has already yielded results ofpractical value and scientific importance. It is hoped that this work maybe continued and amplified, since the interplay of investigation betweenscience and industry often has materially furthered general scientificprogress, as exemplified notably in the work of Pasteur.The fundamental biological aspects of bacteriology have been keptconstantly in mind in the research work of the department. Studies on183184 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDbacterial nutrition, on the fermentive processes of microorganisms, onbacterial variation, and on the nature of virulence have been pursued asintensively as circumstances permitted. Recently Dr. I. S. Falk has devoted himself especially to the study of certain chemical and physicalrelations of bacteria and has devised a promising method for testing thevirulence of diphtheria bacilli. Much of this work is exceedingly laborious and requires skilled technical assistance or sometimes the use of largenumbers of animals. Its fundamental significance, however, warrants itsextension and support on a much more generous scale than has hithertobeen possible.PUBLIC HEALTHFrom the beginning the applications of bacteriology to the problemsof preventing human disease have stood in the forefront of the department's interests and activities. The year the University opened, in 1892,typhoid fever was one of the scourges of Chicago, there being more than20,000 cases and 2,000 deaths from this infection in the course of atwelvemonth; in 1927, with a population nearly three times as great,there were only 155 cases of typhoid, with 23 deaths. This great changeis not due to any new method of treatment or of immunization, but primarily to improvements in the public water supply and the milk supply.It is believed that the department has been of service in various ways inbringing about these improvements. Special investigations were carriedout in connection with the opening and early operation of the ChicagoDrainage Canal, Dr. Ernest E. Irons, now Dean of Rush Medical College,then a member of this department, being especially concerned in thiswork. The general teaching and research activities of the departmenthave been largely in the field of public health. The general introductorycourse, "Public Hygiene" (community problems), is now followed andsupplemented by several other public-hygiene courses, such as epidemiology, vital statistics, industrial hygiene, water supply, food supply,school hygiene, public health problems. The department has enlistedfrom time to time a number of the active workers in local health administration, an association of benefit to both our staff and our students. Realizing the great possibilities for public service in training experts to carefor the health of the public, the establishment of a school for publichealth workers has long been advocated by the department.COURSES FOR MEDICAL STUDENTSThrough the affiliation of Rush Medical College with the Universityof Chicago the department has had, since 1901, the responsibility of giv-AMONG THE DEPARTMENTS 185ing the required courses in bacteriology to medical students. The members of the staff still look forward to the day when it will be possible tosecure space, facilities, and assistance for conducting these courses in amanner befitting their importance in the medical curriculum.HEALTH EDUCATIONAt intervals courses in personal hygiene have been given by temporary members of the staff and by Dr. D. B. Reed of the UniversityHealth Service. Courses in school hygiene have also been given in thisdepartment and in the School of Education. It is now generally recognized that infection can be avoided, and health maintained, largely byindividual habit and information, and that health education is an essential factor in the campaign against disease. The possibilities of renderingservice to the community in this field — to say nothing of our own studentbody — are almost limitless and should receive positive recognition in thenear future. There is a real demand throughout the country for personsproperly trained in methods of health education, and the facilities already possessed by the University in closely allied subjects would seemto make a real effort in this direction both timely and effective.PARASITOLOGYA particularly important recent development within the departmenthas to do with the study of both large and microscopic animal parasites.The increasing contacts of our people with tropical countries have notonly emphasized the large part played by the higher animal parasites incausing disease in Porto Rico and the Philippines but may sometimes leadto the importation of dangerous parasites into the United States. Evenmore significant than the higher parasites are the microscopic protozoa,such as those causing malaria, dysentery, and sleeping-sickness. Themedical student must be kept abreast of current progress in this field, andnumerous lines of investigation looking toward prevention must be followed up. Dr. W. H. Taliaferro, who came to the University in 1924,is in charge of this branch of the work, which is housed in Ricketts Laboratory South. Several articles and monographs have been published,and a number of promising researches are in progress; results of practical importance are assured if support is forthcoming for the growth ofthis work.CO-OPERATION OF OUTSIDE AGENCIESThe department has been peculiarly fortunate in having receivedfrom time to time material help from outside agencies in the study of cer-i86 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDtain problems. The commission on respiratory disease established andsupported by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company has made generous grants to the University for a series of years beginning in 1919; theNational Canners' Association has also given to the University a considerable sum annually since 1922 for investigation of the causes andprevention of food poisoning; the studies of Dr. Taliaferro on tropicaldiseases have been aided by the International Health Board and the United Fruit Company. Very recently the department has been given the opportunity, through the Milbank Fund, of participating in a three-yearstudy of poliomyelitis (infantile paralysis) in which three other American and two European universities are co-operating.MATERIAL EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIESThe first course in bacteriology was given in a basement room ofKent Laboratory, placed at our disposal through the interest of Professor Nef. From 1897^1915 four rooms on the attic floor of the ZoologyBuilding served as the headquarters of the department, and in 191 5 Ricketts Laboratory North was erected. Confessedly a temporary structure,Ricketts Laboratory sufficed for a time to meet the needs of our largeclasses. Never thoroughly satisfactory, owing to poor lighting, the proximity of the power house, and generally flimsy construction, it is nowquite unsuitable for many delicate and dangerous kinds of work. Thealmost daily loss of valuable experimental animals through lack of proper animal quarters is a sorely discouraging handicap. It is hoped that thenear future may hold something better in store for us.Within such limitations as are set by the nature of the presentinadequate building, the equipment of the department is fairly good.Some useful and much needed pieces of apparatus have been added recently through the generous provision of the Rosenwald Fund. The department possesses a unique bibliographical aid in the Fliigge Collection,a store of over 12,000 monographs and reprints representing the activitiesand interests of one of the leading European hygienists over a period offorty years.AMONG THE DEPARTMENTS 187THE DEPARTMENT OF HOME ECONOMICSBy Katharine BluntHOME Economics had its beginning in colleges and universities alittle over a half-century ago. At that time, as in other new subjects, there was little organized material for teaching, and emphasis was apt to be on household techniques of cooking and sewingrather than on intellectual content. Today there is hardly a coeducational college or university without home economics, and the subject matterin some institutions has grown to graduate proportions — an interestingchapter in the education of women.The idea underlying this development is that home economics in universities attempts to apply the natural and social sciences to householdproblems. It devotes itself to "a field of human activity, rather than astrictly limited subject." Its unity is found in its point of view and purpose — the study of the home. The problems of the household — child development, or food, or clothing, or housing — when studied on a universitylevel, are best attacked co-operatively by workers with different toolssuch as those of the chemist, or physiologist, or economist. Probably inthe last analysis the most significant aspect of the department's teachingis an educational experiment, the attempt to find the best method of education for the modern homemaker.Household techniques are still a part of the undergraduate teaching,but, partly because of economic changes which have lessened their present-day necessity in individual homes, and partly because of the growthof other information, emphasis has shifted to the more distinctly intellectual aspects. Also, cooking, following the course of many ancient arts, isdeveloping an interesting chemical basis, and in homes influenced by theteaching there is prospect of much better food more intelligently prepared. Other household processes carried out with today's electricalequipment require for their study something of the knowledge and viewpoint of the engineer.The University's Department of Home Economics, officially the Department of Home Economics and Household Administration, has existedin its present form only three years. It is, however, the result of consolidation of two earlier departments. In 1904 Miss Marion Talbot, whohad been assistant or associate professor of Sanitary Science in the Department of Sociology since the opening of the University, was put incharge of a new Department of Household Administration, and thanks toher, the work from the start had a scholarly aspect not generally found.i88 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDHer associates on the staff were Mrs. Alice Peloubet Norton and Dr.Sophonisba Breckinridge.Meantime, in the School of Education, in 1900, Mrs. Norton hadbeen called as assistant professor of the Teaching of Home Economics.The descriptions of her courses the first year all contained some reference to the place of the subject in the schools, the function apparentlybeing the training of teachers. Gradually, however, with the support ofthe Director of the School of Education, the courses expanded in contentand in variety until the work was in the anomalous situation of a good-sized subject matter department in the School of Education.The transfer of the department in 1925 to the Colleges of Arts, Literature; and Science and the graduate schools was therefore a logical andmuch needed change. So, too, was its consolidation with the Departmentof Household Administration, which had developed parallel to it. Theserious loss of Miss Talbot through retirement and the transfer of Dr.Breckinridge to the School of Social Service Administration left the latterdepartment without faculty, so that the "consolidation" involved the inheritance of ideals rather than personnel.Today the department has sixteen faculty members, some teachingfull time and some part time; most of the latter being the women managing the University Commons. The chairman is completing her fifteenthyear on the staff. She was a member of the faculty of the School of Education department, and for its last seven years was designated by the Director of the School of Education as its chairman. Her teaching and research have been in nutrition and food chemistry. Other members of thestaff and their major interests include Hazel Kyrk, economics of thehousehold; Lydia Roberts, nutrition of children and child care; EvelynG. Halliday, science of cooking; Marion Clark, interior decoration andcostume design; Lillian Stevenson, textiles; Mary Koll Heiner, householdequipment.The institution economics section of the department, under the direction of Nellie Pope, M. Faith McAuley, and others, has the doubleduty of managing the University Commons where almost 800,000 mealsare served annually, and conducting the courses to train women as lunchroom, dormitory, or restaurant managers.The students taking home economics include both women who wisheducation for their own future homemaking and those seeking professional training. Positions held by the 16 doctors, 156 masters, and thenumerous bachelors include the headships of home economics in severalstate universities and agricultural colleges, other teaching or supervision,research in the United States Bureau of Home Economics or in experi-AMONG THE DEPARTMENTS 189ment stations, extension work with women, institutional management,hospital dietetics, and business positions with food, household equipment,and textile industries.The "University of Chicago Home Economics Series," published bythe University Press, was started in 1925 and now includes four volumes.The greatest needs of the department are two: further funds for research and better housing. For the research, a foundation or institute forthe study of the household, an entirely unique enterprise so far as thewriter knows, would permit adequate support and expansion of presentactivities. These include, for example, problems in child care and in nutrition, both in the field (observations on actual food habits of children ofdifferent ages and of the superior child and the "non-hungry" child) andin the laboratory (iron and calcium retention of children). Also, in economics of the household and in textiles, studies are in progress on the relation between cost and quality in clothing, and on family expendituresfor different items of the budget on different incomes and with variedfamily composition. These problems and others could move forward morequickly if further research funds were available and, particularly, theconcentrated effort of a foundation directed to their solution.The second need of the department is for space. It is still housedchiefly in the School of Education, in spite of its administrative separation, in rooms little more extensive than those which it used fifteenyears ago.SOCIOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGYBy Ellsworth FarisSOCIOLOGY and anthropology are not identical branches of science, and in some universities they are not combined administratively. The association was provisionally made at the foundingof the University of Chicago, and the benefits derived from the contacthave justified the arrangement. The first department of sociology anywhere was formed in 1892 at the University of Chicago under the headship of Professor Albion W. Small, and the staff consisted of two men.At the present time it is estimated that nearly 50,000 students are studying sociology in the colleges and universities of the United States. Thereare departments in nearly all the important institutions and in many ofthe smaller ones. The department of the University of Chicago has had alarge influence in the development both of sociology and anthropology.Our Doctors of Philosophy are heads of departments in dozens of impor-190 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDtant universities and colleges and at the present time more than fifty students are working on subjects that have been approved for doctoraltheses. From two men we have grown till now there are nine full-timeinstructors with three more urgently needed to care for our enlargingdemands.HISTORICALThe earlier work of the department was partly the laying of soundtheoretical foundations. Dr. Small was a prolific writer, his Foundationsof Sociology constituting a classic in the field. He founded and editedtill his death the American lournal of Sociology, for long the only periodical in the field. It is still the leader, making an appeal not only to technical scholars but to educated laymen and to scholars in related fields. Ithas more than 2,000 subscribers and is now in its thirty-third volume.One early interest has been modified slightly. The emphasis on organized philanthropy has been made unnecessary on account of the incorporation into the University of the Graduate School of Social ServiceAdministration, with whose work this department co-operates in cordialreciprocity.The present activities of the department center around original research in many fields. Investigators are at work in anthropology andarcheology in Illinois, in the Southwest, Yucatan, Algeria, and China.Important research has been done in ethnology in Mexico and among theSicilians in Chicago. Basic researches are carried on in linguistics and inthe relation of language to personality.THE STUDY OF THE CITYThe most original contribution of our department to social scienceis the development of a new technique for studying the city, the localcommunities in it, and the social phenomena which characterize it. Thisinterest in human ecology engages the energies of two of our staff andthe activities of a number of graduate student investigators. Importantstudies are in progress in crime and delinquency. Professor E. W. Burgess is just completing a study of parole as a member of the governor'scommission appointed to investigate and make recommendations. Population studies are under way and one of our staff is chairman of a committee on personality studies in which are associated representatives ofpsychology and political science.This department has from the beginning, but more especially in recent years, been closely in touch with the social agencies and civic organizations. One of the staff is president of a district council of the UnitedCharities of Chicago. Others are members of important organizationsAMONG THE DEPARTMENTS 191such as the Committee of Fifteen, the Committee for the Study of Delinquency, and many others.The results of the ecological studies have been placed at the disposalof the other organizations in the city and much use of them has beenmade by the extension department of the Y. M. C. A., the planning commission of the public schools, the United Charities, the city churches, andother agencies.The graduate student group is large and steadily growing. The department was instrumental in organizing the Social Research Society sixyears ago, whose membership numbers 150; all engaged in some form ofsociological research. The society holds an annual institute each summer; the seventh meeting is to be held July 25-August 1, 1928.THE FUTUREThe department has always done its share of undergraduate instruction, all but two members of the staff having some work with undergraduates. In the spring of 1928 an interesting experiment was made inteaching sociology to Freshmen with results that were surprisingly gratifying and which are to be published. The future of the department isconceived as progress in the general direction in which we have been going. Our needs are for more space, equipment, and men. The space andequipment will be provided when the new building, about to be erected,is available. The needs of personnel call for three men to fill importantpositions which are not at present represented by our staff. It is problematical, however, whether, if funds were available, they should be usedimmediately for the addition of men to the staff until the salary schedulenow in force is adjusted upward. The cost of living in Chicago is so highthat every member of our staff, all nine of them, are forced to supplementtheir incomes by outside work of some nature. A position in sociologyin the Univeristy of Chicago may be accurately called a part-time job.This is a serious matter. It is perhaps no more serious in sociology thanin other departments, and there is no complaint of discrimination. It isperhaps a general situation, but still it is serious. If the Department ofSociology could have an additional endowment of $500,000 it would bepossible to pay the men sufficient to allow them to give all their energiesto their work and to have the leisure and facilities for travel which wouldenable their efforts to count for the maximum. But it should be said thatin spite of our handicaps the morale in the department is superb andteachers and students are enthusiastically engaged in work which seemsto us to be of the highest social significance.BRIEF RECORDS OF THE QUARTERMr. Trevor Arnett, formerly Auditor, later Vice-President and BusinessManager, and a Trustee of the University, has been elected president of theGeneral Education Board, a position forwhich his long experience in the worldof education has ideally fitted him. Hesucceeds Dr. Wickliffe Rose. Mr. Arnettwas also recently chosen president of theAssociation of American Colleges.A group of architects, members ofthe Evanston-North Shore Associationof Architects, to the number of twenty,inspected the University Chapel on June4. The president, Mr. Elmo C. Lowe, isan alumnus of the University.The dedicatory exercises for WieboldtHall were to have been held on July10. The principal address was to be delivered by Professor A. R. Hohlfeld, ofthe University of Wisconsin, in MandelHall. The building was to be open forinspection with rare books and manuscripts on view in the hall. Mr. Wieboldtand friends were to be present. The building has been in use for several months.The Renaissance Society, the co-operating organization intended to encourage interest in and' love of things artistic,has enjoyed a successful season underthe skilful guidance of its president, Mrs.Henry Gordon Gale. Six exhibits havebeen held in the gallery of the ClassicsBuilding, including that of ProfessorMichelson's water colors, of works byChicago artists, of modern French paintings, and of Edmund Giesbert's canvases.More than two thousand persons, including, happily, many students, haveviewed the works exhibited, while several hundred persons have attended thelectures given under the auspices of thesociety. Mrs. Gale was re-elected president at the annual meeting of the society.Dr. Lydia M. DeWitt, long-timemember of the Otho S. A. Sprague Memorial Institute and since 19 12 Associate Professor of Pathology of the Universityuntil her retirement, died recently.The Summer Quarter began June 18,with the customary large registration ofstudents, many of whom, as usual, wereassigned to graduate classes. The secondterm of the quarter began July 26. Regular faculties were reinforced, as in pastyears, by teachers from the faculties ofother universities and colleges, there being some eighty or more such instructors.Members of the staffs of Johns HopkinsUniversity, the universities of Wisconsin,Ohio, Maine, Pennsylvania, Texas, NorthCarolina, Virginia, Iowa, and Michigan,also from Stanford, Cornell, Princeton,Columbia, College de France, Universityof Zurich, and University College (Leicester, England), as well as of other institutions, gave courses.Mr. Frederic J. Gurney, whose connection with the University covers thirty-five years, has retired from activeservice. He was one of that group offaithful workers whom President Harpergathered about him in the years of foundation-laying. Few, if any, of them nowremain in the University. Mr. Gurneywas a student, then an instructor in theBaptist Union Theological Seminary atthe time Dr. Harper was inspiring menall over the world to study and enjoyHebrew. He was an Examiner's clerk inthe University of Chicago from 1893 to1899. His connection with the office ofthe Recorder began in 1899, and in 1906he became Assistant Recorder, whichimportant position he held until his retirement. To his arduous task he broughtsystem and order. No pains were toosrreat for him in the care of the University's records and to secure accuracy inorder that diplomas might be ready andcorrect and verified. Those who haveseen the long lines of students file pastthe President at convocations have wondered how so many graduates could receive each his own diploma withoutmistake or delay or creaking of officialmachinery. The answer to the question192J.ozQI— IpqHiaWHuQWPwhJ<joo1-1oHahocuxoBRIEF RECORDS 193is Frederic J. Gurney. He arranged students and maroon-ribboned diplomas soaccurately that they synchronized. OnJune 13 a reception for Mr. Gurney wasgiven in Swift Hall, at which his friendsgathered to express their appreciation ofhis service and his character.Another step was taken in the development of the University's medical program on June 12 when ground wasbroken for the Bobs Roberts MemorialHospital for pediatrics at the corner ofFifty-ninth Street and Drexel Avenue,immediately west of the medical wing ofthe University Clinics. Coolidge & Hodg-don are the architects of the building. Onthe same day excavation began for theBernard E. Sunny Gymnasium intendedfor use of the students of the laboratoryschools of the School of Education. Thenew gymnasium will be built on the eastside of Kenwood Avenue, about midwaybetween Fifty-eighth and Fifty-ninthstreets. This site provides easy accessfrom the school buildings to the gymnasium, and, in turn, from the gymnasiumto the athletic field used by students. Thetwo buildings used as residence halls forwomen students will be wrecked. Thearchitects of the gymnasium are Armstrong, Furst & Tilton.C. H. Koenitzer, of Chicago, a student of the o^d University of Chicago,which went out of existence in 1886, hasinterested himself in the history of theinstitution whose buildings stood wherenow Thirty-fourth Street is cut throughthe former campus from Cottage GroveAvenue to South Park Way. It is an interesting neighborhood, for here duringthe Civil War was the entrance to CampDouglas, named after Senator Douglas,who gave the land for the site of theUniversity. In Camp Douglas were confined thousands of Confederate prisoners from southern battlefields. Mr. Koenitzer has rescued from the debris of theold university buildings some of thestones which were built into DouglasHall (the other wing of the building wasknown as Jones Hall). One of the stonesfrom Douglas Hall he presented to theUniversity last year, and with an etched(on copper) drawing of the buildingsand a suitable bronze inscription it hasbeen inserted in the west wall of thepassageway through Wieboldt Hall.Professor William A. Craigie, of theDepartment of English Language and Literature, whose present task in producing a Historical Dictionary of American English has been described in theUniversity Record, has been knighted byKing George. The honor was conferredupon Professor Craigie in recognition ofhis work upon the Oxford Dictionaryof English, a monumental achievement,which, begun in 1858, was completedonly recently. He was to receive also,during his visit to England, the degreeof Doctor of Literature from both theUniversities of Cambridge and Oxford.Mr. Edward A. Henry, who has beenconnected in various capacities with theUniversity Libraries since 1906, has resigned. He was at first librarian of theDivinity School library, then, after theremoval of Mr. E. N. Manchester in1913 to the University of Kansas, he wasappointed head of the readers' department. Of late he has been acting director of the libraries during the temporaryabsence of the present director, Mr.Raney. Mr. Henry has been made director of the library of the University ofCincinnati, with rank of professor, beginning his new service July 1. His newduties will include co-operation in theearly erection of a new library buildingupon which it is expected to expend$800,000. By reason of his new office hewill be a member of the executive cabinet of the university.Dr. Edwin O. Jordan, chairman ofthe Department of Hygiene and Bacteriology, has been appointed Cutter lecturer on preventive medicine at HarvardUniversity for the year 1928-29.By the co-operation of the SouthPark Commissioners, the University's armory with its artillery equipment, forsome years placed in Lexington Hall, isto be removed to a building in Washington Park where the horses used by fieldartillery students of the Department ofMilitary Science and Tactics have beenhoused.The Newer Knowledge of Bacteriology and Immunology, an impressive volume of over 1,000 pages with eighty-two contributions on different phases ofthis practically new and increasingly important science, has been published bythe University of Chicago Press. Sorapid has been the development of thesubject that it is stated that no one of194 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDthe authors represented could have satisfactorily written on more than six ofthe included themes. The authors represent outstanding men in the UnitedStates and Europe. The editors, Associate Professor I. S. Falk and ProfessorE. 0. Jordan, have performed an arduous and painstaking task. Dr. Falk isreported to have said : "Every advancedscientific book of the future must bewritten by a group of men. Bacteriology and immunology are really narrowfields compared with other sciences, butso specialized has the work become thatonly the expert in each branch is competent to write with authority. So rapidis the progress of research that, althoughall of the material in the book was written less than six months ago, we do notexpect the book to be authoritative fora longer period than five or ten years."John A. Morrison, who has beenstudying this year at the University ofBreslau, will join the staff of the Department of Geography as Instructor inOctober. Mr. Morrison is now in Berlin,where he will attend the centenary ofthe Berlin Geographical Society as representative of the American Geographical Society. He expects to devote thesummer to field work in western Siberia.The program of the Nashville meeting of the Association of American Geographers contained the titles of thirteen papers by members of the staff ofthe University's Department of Geography and by former students of the department.Approximately 400 maps have beenadded to the map collection of the Department of Geography during the lastyear.Mr. Henry Justin Smith, late head ofthe University's Department of PublicRelations and now managing editor ofthe Chicago Daily News, recently lectured in Bond Chapel on the UniversityChapel. He declared that it represents a"true and perfect emblem of Chicago'sideal." "Perhaps," he said, "after all thathas been written and said, and with thegreat white building tracing actual outlines against the sky, we fall far short ofcomprehending the chapel as a symbol.So true a work of art, and one whichfairly breathes its purpose, must baffleone who seeks the right phrases. And its location, here under the smoke pall ofChicago, within the corporate boundaries of a city where life runs so fastand so turbulently, where dreadful thingsare quite as likely to happen as splendidthings, makes it surely one of the mostastonishing and challenging features ofthis 'Chicago of Amazing Contrast.' "Professor Robert J. Bonner, of theUniversity's Department of Greek, waselected president of the Classical Association of the Middle West and South atits meeting held at Nashville, Tennessee.Professor Bonner has been a member ofthe department for twenty-five years.University preachers during theSpring- Quarter were the following:April 1, Rabbi Stephen Samuel Wise,Ph.D., Free Synagogue of New York,New York City; April 8, Dean CharlesR. Brown, D.D., LL.D., Yale University,New Haven, Connecticut ; April 15, Rev.Justin W. Nixon, First PresbyterianChurch, Rochester, New York; April 22,Rev. Robert Freeman, D.D., PasadenaPresbyterian Church, Pasadena, California; April 29, Professor Theodore G.Soares, of the Divinity School, University of Chicago; May 6, Professor WillardL. Sperry, D.D., Andover TheologicalSeminary, Cambridge, Massachusetts(two Sundays) ; May 20, ProfessorHugh Black, D.D., Union TheologicalSeminary, New York City; May 27,Rev. C. Wallace Petty, D.D., First Baptist Church, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;June 3, Bishop Francis J. McConnell,LL.D., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; June10, Convocation Sunday, Rev. CharlesW. Gilkey, Hyde Park Baptist Church,Chicago.Upon Professor William D. Harkins,of the Department of Chemistry, wasbestowed the Willard Gibbs gold medalfor outstanding research in the field ofchemistry. The award was made at theseventy-fifth meeting of the AmericanChemical Society in St. Louis. Themedal was presented by the Chicagobranch of the society at a banquet heldin May. The same honor was bestowedupon Professor Julius Stieglitz in 1923.Lorado Taft, professorial lecturer onthe history of art for nearly twentyyears, will spend most of the summer intravel and study abroad. His heroic-size bronze monument of a pioneer fam-BRIEF RECORDS 195ily was dedicated at Elmwood, Illinois,on May 27. The monument was erectedby citizens of Elmwood in honor of Mr.Taft, whose birthplace is this small townof central Illinois.The University's collection of portraits, memorial tablets, mural decorations, and busts in bronze and marble issteadily increasing. There are sixty ormore such works of art, some of themby distinguished artists, all of them excellent. At the June meeting of theBoard of Trustees portraits of Professor Harry A. Bigelow, of the Law School,painted by Theodore Johnson, of Professor Henry C. Cowles, of the Department of Botany, painted by EdmundGiesbert, of James B. Herrick, ProfessorEmeritus of Medicine, painted by Leopold Seyffert, were accepted. Recently,too, a portrait of President WilliamRainey Harper was accepted by theTrustees. It is the work of Karl A.Buehr. " It has been hung in the readingroom of Harper Memorial Library. Until now no portrait of him in whosememory the library was erected was inthe building, although a portrait byGari Melchers has long been in Hutchinson Hall. A bronze tablet in memoryof Dean J. P. Hall has been placed inthe Law Library building. It was presented by the Wig and Robe, a societyof law students. An excellent portrait ofthe late dean hangs in the Law Libraryreading-room. A portrait, of the lateDouglas Smith, donor of the notablefoundation which bears his name, is tobe painted in the near future. A bronzebas-relief of President Harper is to beplaced in the corridor of Swift Hallnear the marble bust of Dr. George W.Northrup.A model assembly of the League ofNations was held in Mandel Hall April19-20. It was a student affair in which250 delegates representing twenty-threemid-western colleges and universitiestook part. These delegates elected theirown officers, including Glenn B. Meagher, of the University of Chicago, aspresident. One of the interesting features of the assembly was that none ofthe actions taken on the questions of theagenda was a "set-up." Until the votewas taken upon any of the hypotheticalmatters of international moment the assembly was called upon to consider, noone knew what the result would be. English was the official language, butspeeches were made in French, Spanish,German, Polish, and Russian. ProfessorsJ. G. Kerwin and Quincy Wright weremembers of the advisory committeewhich assisted in planning and carryingout what was regarded as a successfuland informing program. The assemblywas helpful to an understanding of theobjectives and accomplishments of theLeague of Nations. This was one ofseveral such gatherings under the auspices of the National League of NationsNon-Partisan Association.Miss Sophonisba P. Breckinridge,Dean of the School of Social ServiceAdministration, sailed in May for a tripthrough the Balkan states. In Constantinople she planned to meet Miss MarionTalbot, now acting president of Women's College, near Constantinople. MissBreckinridge was to attend the International Conference on Social Work inParis in July.Andrew J. Steiger, of the Class of1928, won the first prize of the Nation,New York, for an essay submitted in acontest of American college studentswho spent the summer of 1927 in industry or agriculture. His essay was entitled "Autos and Jobs" and was published in the Nation for May 2, 1928.The American Institute of SacredLiterature, an organization establishedin 1884 by William Rainey Harper andfunctioning in connection with the Divinity School, has had a successful year.Its courses have been studied by peoplein all parts of the world. The followingpamphlets are now being distributed:Why I Believe in Humanity, Lynn Harold Hough; What Science Has Done forReligion, Harry Emerson Fosdick ; Creative Co-ordination, Michael Pupin; TheModern Quest for God, Gerald BirneySmith; The Book of Ruth, William C.Graham; The Modernist Believes (leaflet), Shailer Mathews.The Norman Wait Harris MemorialFoundation for the Study of International Relations and "the promotion ofa better understanding on the part ofAmerican citizens of the other peoplesof the world, thus establishing a basisfor improved international relations anda more enlightened world-order," heldits fifth institute from June 18 to June196 THE UNIVERSITY RECORD30, 1928. It dealt with the problem offoreign investments. Public lectures weregiven in Mandel Hall. During the Summer Quarter, courses dealing with topicsin the field of the institute, as well aswith international relations in general,are being offered by members of the instructional staff.President Max Mason presided forthe last time at the University Convocation, June 12. He conferred degreeson 827 candidates.Sixteen two-year scholarships, similar to the Rhodes scholarships, are to beawarded to men entering the Freshmanclass of the University of Chicago nextautumn. The awards are to be made onthe basis of personality, leadership, andscholarship, the successful candidates being selected after consideration of theirgrades, activities, recommendations ofprincipals, and examination by committees of alumni. No service will be askedin return except that the holder maintaina B— average. These unique scholarships have been provided by an alumnuswho wishes to remain anonymous. Thenew scholarships bring the number ofawards available for entering Freshmento more than seventy-five. The plan ofthe University is to limit its Freshmanclass to 750 selected high-school students and to give the 750 the greatestopportunity for development possible.One hundred six fellowships havejust been awarded in thirty departmentsof the University of Chicago for theyear 1928-29. Over sixty institutions arerepresented in the award, including, outside of the United States, the universities of Alberta, Saskatchewan, BritishColumbia, Toronto, Manitoba, andQueen's University, of Canada, and theUniversity of Copenhagen. Of those appointed to fellowships, half have alreadyreceived the degree of Master of Arts orof Science. Twenty-seven of the appointees are women.Seventy-nine graduate courses fordirectors of religious work in collegeswill be given during the Summer Quarter at the University of Chicago by thejoint faculties of the University and theChicago Theological Seminary. During the period of July 17-20 there was aseries of conferences on religious andpersonnel work in colleges, in connection with the Annual Conference of Administrative Officers held at the University.Four research fellows of the University of Chicago for the year 1928-29have been appointed by the Social Science Research Council in its grant oftwenty-one fellowships. They includeHarold D. Lasswell and Rodney L. Mott,assistant professors in political science;Arthur W. Kornhauser, assistant professor in psychology ; and Helen F. Hoh-man, in economics. Miss Charlotte DayGower, graduate student in anthropology at the University, also has received afellowship for work under the auspicesof the Institute of Juvenile Research.The annual prize established in honor of Howard Taylor Ricketts, assistantprofessor of pathology of the University of Chicago, has been divided between George W. Bachman, of YochowCity, Hunan, China, and James RoyBlayney, of Chicago. The work forwhich Mr. Bachman received the awardwas done in the Department of Hygieneand Bacteriology, and Mr. Blayney'swork was done in the Department ofPathology.Acting upon a recommendation ofthe University Board of Social Serviceand Religion, President Mason invitedrepresentatives of what is known as the"Big Ten" group of universities to attenda conference for discussion of religiousand moral problems of large institutionsof learning. The representatives met onMay n and 12. Both students and faculties were represented. The first session of the conference was at a dinneron the evening of May 11, at whichbrief addresses were made by Vice-President Woodward, Dr. Gilkey, and R. E.Edwards, of Cornell. At the other sessions of the conference reports weremade on the various types of work carried on by different institutions, and aseries of general conclusions was organized by a committee under the leadership of Professor Bower. It is hopedthat the conference may be repeated inthe future.BRIEF RECORDS 197Northwestern University paid agraceful tribute to two members of thefaculties of the University of Chicagoat its commencement held June 18. Itconferred the honorary degree of Doctor of Science upon Associate ProfessorFay-Cooper Cole, of the Department ofAnthropology, and the same degree uponDr. George F. Dick, of the faculty ofRush Medical College. Mrs. Dick, whoshared with her husband the long periodof research which "at the risk of his lifeestablished the etiology of scarlet fever,an epoch-making discovery in the history of medicine," was also honored.Brown University conferred honorary degrees upon Charles Evan Hughes,a Trustee of the University of Chicago,and upon Dr. Charles W. Gilkey, alsoa Trustee and Professor of Preaching inthe Divinity School.H. H. von der Osten and Dr. ErichSchmidt, joint leaders of the University's Hittite Expedition, have sailed forTurkey. The site of the Hittite citywhich the University is excavating is 136kilometers southeast of Angora. Excavating was begun last year, and will becontinued until late autumn. A force of150 natives will be engaged for the work.In a recent lecture on explorations inCappadocia before the Near East Clubof the University, Mr. von der Ostensaid that among the finds on the lastHittite expedition was a Middle Kingdom statue of nearly 2000 B.C. bearingan Egyptian inscription, a fact whichsuggests intimate relationship betweenthe Hittites and the Egyptians. The expedition has discovered over fifty siteswhich could be identified as ancient Hittite settlements, towns, and cities heretofore unknown.The annual banquet of the facultyand alumni of Rush Medical College washeld at the Auditorium Hotel on theevening of June 9. A large companyheard the report of the president of theAlumni Association, Dr. D. B. Phem-ister; responses from the classes of 1928and 1908; and an address by DeanShailer Mathews. A portrait of Dr. J.B. Herrick, so long a member of the faculty, was presented to the University byDean E. E. Irons and accepted by Acting President Frederick C. Woodward.Dr. Herrick made a felicitous responseto the tribute paid to him. The honorary degree of Doctor ofLaws was conferred upon President Ernest H. Wilkins of Oberlin College atthe Convocation of June 11. PresidentWilkins, during his connection with theUniversity, which began in 191 2 andcontinued until 1926, performed a mostuseful and scholarly service.The medical program of the University has made notable advance duringthe last two years, as shown by the figures cited by Professor Franklin C. McLean at the farewell dinner given toPresident Mason. The assets availablefor the work which is carried on in connection with the University at theQuadrangles have increased from $13,-606,000 to $24,375,783. Affiliation withthe Home for Destitute Crippled Children, the Chicago Lying-in Hospital,and the Edward Sanatorium (for tuberculosis), has brought $3,400,000 in endowment and for building funds. Whileassets have been augmented, expenditures, too, have grown to $1,215,433, asshown in the budget for 1928-29, an increase over the previous year of $985,-746. New buildings under constructionor to be built include that for the Chicago Lying-in Hospital (estimated cost,$1,400,000), for the Bobs Roberts Memorial Hospital for Children ($700,000),for the Nancy S. McElwee Memorial($300,000), and for the Gertrude DunnHicks Memorial ($300,000).William Gardner Hale, ProfessorEmeritus of Latin, and connected withthe University from the beginning untilhis retirement in 191 9, died in Stamford, Connecticut, on June 23, 1928. Hewas a man of high cultural attainments,an inspiring teacher, an industrious research inquirer and a vigorous personality. He left his impress on the University.Carey G. Croneis, of Harvard University, has been appointed AssistantProfessor of Invertebrate Paleontologyat the University to succeed the lateProfessor Stuart Weller. He refused theSheldon Traveling Fellowship at Harvard to accept the Chicago appointment. He is a specialist in oil and gasgeology and carboniferous structures.He will give a new course in micro-paleontology and will assist ProfessorsRomer and Noe in a course on geologiclife development.ATTENDANCE IN THE SPRING QUARTER, 1928June 2, 1928 June 2, 1927Gain LossMen Women Total Men Women TotalI. Arts, Literature, and Science:i. Graduate Schools —Arts and Literature 381468 35o114 73i582 358. 442 34o104 698546 3336 ' ' ~~Science Total 84966371622 4646275i328 1,3131,2901,2295o 80067367518 44461651328 1,2441 ,2891,18846 69'1414 • —2. The Colleges-Senior Junior Unclassified Total 1,4012,2501523723 i5 1681,632356103 2,5693,8821879826 1,3662,16612865810 1,1571,601375105 2,5233,767165n6815 46"52214 ¦ Total Arts, Literature, andScience II. Professional Schools:i. Divinity School —Graduate. Unclassified Chicago Theological Seminary —Graduate 2Unclassified 9Total 23018913 5424 28421313 20216613 57191 25918514 2528 ¦-2. Graduate Schools of Medicine —OgdenGraduateSchoolof Science —Senior Unclassified ITotal 193161141283 24 8*8 217161221363 17013861353 201139 19014991443 27223Rush Medical College —Post-Graduate Fourth-Year Third-Year '""8*Unclassified Total 261451221104Si2 1639106 277490231no5i2 23740219998572 23411021 260443209100582 17472210Total Medical Schools (lessduplicates) 3- Law School —Graduate Senior Candidates for LL.B Unclassified 7Total 3784 165621 3946022 35691 1371224 36980225 254. College of Education —Senior Junior 20Unclassified I 203Total 553143101 5911231 6464166102 1045153142 971115322 I07561681742 85. School of Commerce and Administration —Graduate 43Senior Junior 164Unclassified Total 207113 356518710 2427621710 3401032 60581364 4O0681666 18514 1586. Graduate School of Social ServiceAdministration—Graduate Senior Junior Unclassified Total 14 100 114 15 71 86 28Total Professional Schools . . .Total University (in theQuadrangles) 1,2853,535302 3031,93531 i,5885,47o333 1,3253,491278 3391,94022 1,6645,43i300 39 76Deduct for duplicates , 33Net total in the Quadrangles. 3,233 1,904 5,137 3,213 1,918 5,i3i 6 198ATTENDANCE IN THE SPRING QUARTER, 1928 199ATTENDANCE IN THE SPRING QUARTER, 192%— Continued—~June 2, 1928 June 2, 1927Gain LossMen Women Total Men Women TotalUniversity College— #1918111694119 244559186262 19425675280381 192020511884111 290590176303 495708260414 7033Junior. 33Total 529 1,251 1,780 518 1,359 1,877 97Grand total in the University 3,76254 3,15537 6,91791 3,73i45 3,27749 7,00894 913Net total in the University . . 3,7o8 3,n8 6,826 3,686 3,228 6,914 88ATTENDANCE IN THE SPRING QUARTER, 1928Graduate Undergraduate UnclassifiedArts, Literature, and Science Divinity School Graduate Schools of Medicine —Ogden Graduate School of Science Rush Medical College Law School College of Education . . . . School of Commerce and AdministrationGraduate School of Social Service Administration Total (in the Quadrangles) .Duplicates Net total in the Quadrangles .University College ,Grand total in the University.Duplicates Net total in the University.Grand total 1,31326921327423164762,4402222,2184252,643282,615 2,51916162176282,9471122,8359743,809623,7476,826 5o1533222873843814651464DEWITT HENRY PARKERConvocation Orator