The University RecordVolume XIII JANUARY I927 Number iWOMAN'S STAKE IN GOVERNMENT1By THE HONORABLE KATHERINE HANCOCK GOODERepresentative, Fifth District, Illinois General AssemblyNo doubt there be those who still hold with Milton's Eve that it iswoman's part to be governed and no fuss about it. To her Adam she says:My author and disposer, what thou bidstUnargued I obey. So God ordains:God is thy law, thou mine : to know no moreIs woman's happiest knowledge, and her praise.But there are other opinions. Sociologists show that from the beginningsof history and in primitive societies now existing it is plain that certainactivities belong especially to women: the preparation of the food; thetending of the hearth fire; the disposal of waste; the manufacture of theclothing; the arrangement of the shelter; the care of the sick and the oldand the feeble; the education of the young; and the like. Man, they say,has had until quite lately two main activities: war and the hunt. Hewent out to shoot or trap animals to bring home meat to the family. Hewent out with other men of his tribe to repel the invader or, on occasion,to become the invader. At least one sociologist, with perhaps a twinkle inhis eye, points out that both war and the hunt are antisocial in their nature and antisocial in their training. He shows that the activities of women were social and gave social training. Hence he warns that since government is a social business women should be very careful how they takemen into their councils in matters of government. He urges that they1 Delivered at the One Hundred Forty-fourth Convocation of the University,held in Leon Mandel Assembly Hall, December 21, 1926.2 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDtake them in a few at a time for the sake of the social training of the men,but not too many at a time because of the danger to the body politic.It is not necessary for us to accept either sphere, as projected by Milton's Eve or by the sociologist. Eve, of course, had had no social advantages, arid while she may be Milton's model, she will not be recognized asa 1927 model in this "drive-yourself " age. Arid the sociologist has paintedonly a part of the picture. Between wars and between hunting partiesmen in times of stress must have lent a hand in domestic processes orthere would not be so many of us left to discuss division of spheres. However, no one can successfully challenge the fact that the activities ofwomen did give social training and that the business of government isnow a social business.THE PIONEER WOMEN'S ACTIVITIESThe special activities of women were a heavy burden. To go no farther back than Colonial times, we get a depressing picture of the exactingand endless character of woman's work. ,, Each little home unit was thebakery, the meat-packing plant, the dairy, the cannery, the linen-and-woolen factory, the boot-and-shoe factory, the laundry, the hospital, theeducational and recreational center, perhaps even the grist-mill and thetailor shop.In our own pioneer days it was no better, and the homes were moreisolated. The spinning-wheel droned, the loom banged, and the knittingneedles clicked from morning till night. Feasts required days and weeksof preparation. There were no delicatessens round the corner and no refrigerating plants, no green vegetables in the winter market, and no caterers to come in.Those were hard days, and it took the efforts of the whole family —grandmother, maiden aunts, little children, and all— to meet the needs ofthe family. Second wives and third wives were notoriously common in theold days. It took strength and patience and courage and efficiency on thepart of our foremothers to win the day for the family. They were harddays, but they must have been good days, for the home was a place of interest and importance. Women, if energetic and skilful, could have thingsright for the family. They were responsible for the quality of the foodand the raiment. They could regulate the type of education and recreation, the hours and the conditions of labor, for their own. There musthave been satisfaction in all that".But it is hard for us to appreciate how crude many of the domesticprocesses had to be, without standardized materials, without stable conditions, without scientific equipment. When we think of the good old daysWOMAN'S STAKE IN GOVERNMENT 3we forget how poor some of the products were. Sometimes mother's yeastwould work and sometimes it would not. Sometimes the jelly would ajell"and sometimes it would not. Sometimes the soap would set and sometimesit would not. I have just been reading some historical sketches of earlyIllinois which reveal an unbelievably low state of culinary affairs. Occasionally someone rises to general condemnation, as Mrs. Gilman, who hasno opinion whatever of women as cooks. "After all of women's cooking,"she says, "man is still the sickest beast alive." And I recall a chance remark of my husband's concerning a cross-country trip from St. Paul toNew York in the days of the bicycle, when, he said, he and his companiongot scarcely a piece of good bread except baker's bread on the entire trip.It seemed passing strange that women, the bakers through all the ages,should be so often unsuccessful, and that men, taking over the process ata late day, should be immediately successful. Here was something whichneeded explanation, and difference in mentality or size of brain was notgoing to be an acceptable premise. Of course the point was that modernscientific methods had been applied to the bread-baking process, and allthe luck and chance had been taken out of it. Bakers could take advantage of scientific equipment, of laboratory-tested materials, of temperature regulators, of the knowledge of chemical changes. Now yeast wouldwork, now bread would rise, and a loaf of a certain size, baked at a certain temperature for a certain time, would certainly be done. Motherhad had to use the trial-and-error method, or what James Harvey Robinson calls the fumble-and-success method, through all the ages. Smallwonder that man is still the sickest beast alive. Wonder that he is stillalive. Only a woman's patience with scanty materials, crude processes,and uncertain results could have kept the race going. Modern science,with its machinery for manufacture, its rapid transportation, its understanding of the uses of refrigeration and sterilization, its perfecting of athousand methods, has been able to draw out of the modern home, one byone, most of the processes for which home-keeping women had been always responsible.THE CHANGES IN THE HOMENot only have the processes gone from the home, but the young people and the others who had helped perform the processes must now followthem into the factory. It is true, it did take a staggering burden off mother's shoulders, but it put one on her heart, for no longer was she able tocontrol the quality of the food or regulate for her young people the hoursand conditions of labor or supervise their associations or recreations, affairs vital to the family life. The factory system, modern industrialism,4 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDbrought families too close together, piled one on top of another in ourapartment buildings, and, with greatly increased rentals, sometimes, asnow, in the shadow of our University, makes three or four families growwhere only one grew before. In my neighborhood we are now coming insight of the apartment-hotel stage — a long way from home in the old-fashioned sense, one might say. Never a place for a child to be born. Nostreet safe for a child to toddle over. No back yard where a boy may dig'a hole or throw a ball or have a dog. City-planning was none of mother'sbusiness. That was a matter for government to deal with. Systems oftransportation which might solve the problem of congestion were no affairof hers. Playgrounds were decreed by park boards, and there were nomothers on park boards.Soon after foods began to be prepared and distributed commercially,queer things began to happen in some quarters. The bottoms of thestrawberry boxes began to come up and up and up, under there wherethey did not show, and the tops began to be redder and redder. Picklesgrew greener and greener. Wheat flour grew whiter and whiter, and butter, yellower and yellower. Meat and bread and milk were being carelessly handled. Preservatives were being recklessly used. Cheap substitutestook the place of wholesome food. Mother's control had been lost, and noother efficient control had appeared. Perhaps it was a committee of energetic women who stimulated Senator McCumber to introduce the PureFood bill, but I have never heard so. Government in which women hadpractically no part instituted and administered the Pure Food law. Iwish it might have been mother who discovered that white wheat flourwas being, as they say, "sophisticated" with corn starch. But my understanding is that it was the millers of Minneapolis, who do not live in thecorn belt, who found that the millers of St. Louis were sophisticating theirwheat flour with corn starch. And it was through government, throughCongress, that the practice was stopped.FROM HOME TO GOVERNMENTIn the old days mother was the teacher, and a little later the adjuster,when the children and the educational system came into conflict. Now,and in Chicago, as we know, there are but two ways in which she can directly affect the educational system* One is to help elect a mayor whowill make appointments to the school board, and the other is to help electan alderman who, with his colleagues from the rest of the city, will acceptor reject the mayor's appointments.Light and air — they are apportioned for the many by the buildingWOMAN'S STAKE IN GOVERNMENT 5ordinance. Pure water and milk — they are the care of the department ofhealth. The sick poor — they are the wards of the county. Children's recreation—managed by the playground director.A generation of women in the home freed from drudgery, with timeand energy to spare, but with their very reasons for being — their age-oldresponsibilities — gone over into government. A generation of home-making women who do not spin, weave, make butter nor cheese, soap norcandles* who do not cure meat, nor can, nor preserve, nor launder, norbake but must leave all to experts, even to teaching and healing andnursing — we are the first of our kind.But our sense of responsibility for these matters so vital to our families is as keen as ever. How has it been possible for us to sit by for thelast fifty years seeing these things gradually slip out of our power tocontrol?THE FAILURES TO MEET RESPONSIBILITIESMy notion is that there are three reasons why women have, for thefirst time in history, failed to meet the responsibilities of women. Andthese reasons are not that we are indolent or selfish or careless. We failed,first, because of the heavy handicap of tradition. Because through theages practically every responsibility of a woman's life could be met insidethe four walls of home and nowhere else, the tradition held long after thecondition had passed. Because our responsibilities, if met at all, must bemet in a new place, not traditionally our place, most of us were too timidto go out to meet them. And we got no help from literature, from ourmothers' teachings, from our neighbors' opinions concerning the sphereof woman, nor from those who were intrenched in the business of managing public affairs for private ends.It is true, our pioneer mothers had met their responsibilities wherethey found them. Some of them had embarked in frail ships, assuredly noplace for a woman, and stepped out upon Plymouth Rock into a countrywhich was at the time no place for a woman. A later generation, in orderto provide a better opportunity for the younger generation, had climbedinto canal boats or covered wagons, no place for a woman, and had cometo this wilderness of the great Middle West, with its malaria, its wildbeasts, and its savage Indians: verily, no place for a woman. They hadgone out to meet their responsibilities where their responsibilities were,but none of them had ever had to invade a polling-place.The second reason why we failed to be effective in regulating processes whose regulation had passed over into government was because in6 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDmatters of government the only effective tool is the ballot, and we did nothave it. Some say it was given us too soon. It might be contended that itwas at least fifty years too late. If only women had had the ballot in the1880's, before the sudden shift in the character of American home life,before the day of urban industrialism, before great cities had been createddevoid of provision for child life! Suppose at that time they had had theballot long enough to have been rid of the scars of the battle to get it, andcould have used it without self -consciousness; what a difference it mighthave made! Only six short years ago women came into possession of themeans of making themselves effective in government.But our third and most serious handicap was our laek of the methodof influencing public affairs. Our mothers had always worked separatelyin isolated homes. Each good, industrious, intelligent woman could havethings right for her own in her own home. Now no woman, however intelligent and energetic, can, of herself , change one jot or one tittle of thebuilding ordinances, or raise one basement bakery to street level, or moveone pumping station out beyond the mud line. Nothing but a pull all together is likely to be registered in matters controlled by government, andwomen had the co-operative method yet to learn.THE POWER OF CO-OPERATIVE EFFORTi. ¦I presume the world has never seen such a sight as women acquiringthe co-operative method. That is^wh^all our clubbing has been about.We have co-operated on Browning and Shakespeare, on descending fromthe Mayflower, on that mild but time-destroying dissipation, fancy work.We have co-operated on coming from Ohio, on having been allowed to remain four years in the same educational institution, on bridge, on Frenchorphans, on temperance, on raising the minister's salary, on the heathenin distant lands, and, occasionally, on the age-old business of women- —child welfare, home and education, housing, living conditions/the care ofdependents and delinquents, safety, sanitation, recreation — matters ofconcern to the family. Women who co-operate on these things are apt tobe sharply critical of those who co-operate on the nothings. The criticslose sight of the important fact that all are learning the co-operativemethod. When the frivolous ones have had time to learn that permanentsatisfactions do not come by way of selfish pleasures, they, too, will beprepared to co-operate on enterprises which promise to promote the general welfare.With tradition loosening up, it is no more indecent today for a womanto go to the state legislature than it was for one a hundred years ago towish for a college education. As one of the four pioneer women of theWOMAN'S STAKE IN GOVERNMENT 7Illinois General Assembly, I ought to record the unfailing and graciouscourtesy accorded to us by our two hundred colleagues. That is not tosay that in debate no sharp words came our way, but we would be the lastto ask for quarter there. Today a woman may, without being consideredunwomanly, meet her woman's responsibilities wherever they must bemet. Tomorrow, may we predict, no woman will be considered trulywomanly who evades those responsibilities or who makes no effort to helpraise a degraded political standard first to a respectable, and next to anhonorable, level. Tradition will not present so formidable a front to theyounger generation.The ballot they have and can use without self-consciousness. Whatpity that we can leave them little more than the tool itself ! We have neveryet really used it. The machinery of politics is only a name to most of us.No one who has really made use of it is under the delusion that civic battles begin on the morning of election day. Many of us still labor underthat delusion. We have studied the Constitution and can repeat the preamble, but unfortunately the Constitution never mentions precinct orward committeemen, the source of political power. We are in politicalchaos just now in Chicago, with more chaos ahead, by reason of the factthat the law which regulates the choice of our political party representatives has been declared unconstitutional, and there is no demand upon thelegislature for a new law. Meanwhile power is his who can take it. Whatshall it profit an American citizen if he can enumerate the duties of aRoman consul but has not learned the A B C of his own political language?FACING THE FACTSWe hear it said of the young folk of today that they insist upon facing the facts. It is plain to those whose largest interests are now controlled through government that such a generation has not come a moment too soon. There are plenty of important facts to face, and many ofthem need facing. A considerable number of them exist because there hasbeen no organized effort of public-spirited citizens to face them. Let ushope they will be willing to face the lamentable fact that the njnety-and-nine of our future citizens have so long been allowed to leave the gradesof our public schools with no slightest working knowledge of their dutiesand powers as citizens. The trouble may reach higher. A few years ago aChicago high-school pupil said to me, "I know something funny. Our civics teacher didn't know it was election day today." That sense of thehumor of the situation has promise in it.Perhaps some generation will be willing to face the fact that no sys-8 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDtern of political action will run itself. It has pleased us better to complainof the system. So much for the ballot. With it we can have almost anychange in system we desire.Of the younger citizens I may say that it is their genms for co-operation, for organization, which gives us most hope. They can have noslightest notion what an ice-breaking task it has been for us to acquireas much of it as we have. They have grown up in it, and quite astonish uswith their speed and efficiency. When they discover that proper candidates for important public positions await only a handful of names on apetition to be given legal status, the discovery will not appall them. Theyhave already, in class and club and mass meeting and federation, learnedto sink their petty differences, stress their common desires, and abide bythe will of the majority. It will be easy for them to join with their neighbors for the common good. Will they care to do it? I think they will, ifthey are really a fact-facing generation, if for no other reasons than reasons of efficiency.WOMEN TO THE RESCUEWomen have most at stake. They can hardly sit in peace when wantand misery and injustice and unrighteousness prevail. They are boundby their very natures to go to the rescue. Their whole history has giventhem the instinct to safeguard the human family. That instinct had fullexpression in the old-fashioned home with its family cares and its response to the occasional call for charity from the community or from thestranger within the gates. Today it is the rare organization of womenthat has not its list of philanthropies, its service committees, and itsfriendly visitors. For the sake of efficiency many organizations combineon certain philanthropies. But by and by women generally wiU come tosee that our greatest philanthropies are, and ought to be, managed by allof us for the sake of society through government, and that our very greatest service can be rendered by helping to choose the agents to whom theadministration shall be intrusted. For example, the Cook County Hospital, our co-operative enterprise in caring for. the sick poor, is the largestactive general hospital in America or in the world. The Cook Countywoman who fails to interest herself in the election of county commissioners has elected to leave to their fate, so far as she is concerned, the morethan one hundred thousand sick poor who are cared for annually by theCook County Hospital. Can she satisfy her conscience by a flannelettegarment or two or a daily pint of milk for her pet charity? Not that ourhands should slack in our private philanthropies, but that it is tragicallypoor economy to spend all our spare time and energy furnishing a fewWOMAN'S STAKE IN GOVERNMENT 9bottles of milk or a few garments to a few children, if with part of ourtime and energy, we might have helped set governmental machinery intomotion for the service of thousands of children. "These ought ye to havedone and not to leave the other undone."Suppose all the citizens of Chicago who are genuinely concernedabout unclean streets and alleys, about an efficient public school system,and about crime should begin now to conspire for the election of a goodalderman in February, a good mayor in April, and a good sheriff in June.Some day we shall learn how much less trouble it would be to do it thanto bear the consequences of shirking it. Some day someone with imagination will put before us the vision of what an honest, intelligent administration of government might mean to the city and to the citizen.WATCHING EXPENDITURESIn remarking the swift fall of the home-making woman from heroriginal sphere where she managed all the social activities through all thechanging spheres which followed, it must be concluded that she has finally reached the lowest one, in which she has become known as the spender.But if that lowly estate is the only one left for us, it behooves us to makethe most and the best of it. We are told that women now buy 90 per centof all articles for ultimate consumption. If so, we should be getting somesort of training in judging values, in apportioning budgets, and in gettingvalue received. What an exciting moment is in store for us when webegin to sense our power and our responsibility as expressed in national,state, county, and municipal budgets! Last year the state of Illinoismade a biennial appropriation of over $285,000,000. Last year CookCounty spent over $34,000,000. Last year the Sanitary District appropriated $36,000,000. Last year it cost $50,000,000 to administer the citygovernment. Next year we expect it to cost $54,000,000. In addition,we spent last year $56,000,000 for our schools, nearly $2,500,000 eachfor our tuberculosis sanitarium and our public library, $6,000,000 forour water supply, another $6,000,000 for pensions for city employees,nearly $11,000,000 to retire bonds, and nearly $20,000,000 for permanent improvements. These items are so colossal as to have no meaning tomost of us. But if we take the smallest division concerned, the area thatis Chicago, we see that the tax levy last year, exclusive of federal taxation, was about $170,000,000, or nearly $3,500,000 for each ward, orabout $70,000 for each precinct of about 400 voters each.Each precinct furnishes a drive wheel for each of the great politicalparty organizations which select those into whose hands vte put thesehuge sums. Surely it is the part of economy for us to find how our pre-10 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDcinct political machinery works and to help work it, even though we haveto steal time from things we find pleasanter to do. If, by reason of recently acquired leisure, women are free to be the spenders, let them be intelligent, conscientious spenders, whether the funds controlled be private orpublic, remembering that public funds badly spent are not only wasted,but are competent to corrupt weak officials, to drive *out incorruptibleones, to debauch public service, and to fasten upon the community a political system which clogs the wheels of government.SAFETY FIRST AND LASTWomen may be possessed of the right to life and liberty, but theirpursuit of happiness will be futile unless they can know there is reasonable provision for the safety of their young people; safety of the streets,protection from degradation in places of public amusement, assurance ofjustice in the courts — all the sense of security which civilized society ispresumed to afford. If there is to be safety in these days it must be publicsafety, and the simplest and most effective way to insure it 4s to makewise choice of law-enforcing officials. Wanting that, all other effort isforedoomed to defeat. Without the ballot, without the necessary trainingin the co-operative method, and without the sanction of custom for thepolitical activity of women, we have been taking all sorts of roundaboutand inefficient ways toward the goal of safety. We have passed resolutions, published slogans, taught children, sat in courtrooms, given aid tothe victims of moral and physical disaster, while guests at the county jailstrolled out for the day, bandits dined in public, and machine guns rattled in the streets. With the ballot, with the sanction of society for thepolitical activity of women, and with the ability to co-operate, we canfocus our scattered energy on strategic points in executive office, and withthe same expenditure of energy entertain reasonable hope of success."We can not only win elections, but we can make them worth winning."Unless we can learn to do these things, crime must continue to work andwomen to weep until a generation arises with a clearer vision of the usesof government.Stability in government works for peace on earth, and though womenare not the warriors, they have most to lose from war. Herbert Spencersays: "As foreign wars diminish, domestic brutality ceases, the status ofwomen rises, and the emancipation of women becomes a matter of course."And he adds, "As life ceases to be dominated by war, .... patriotismbecomes a love of one's country rather than a hatred of every other."Women are not called upon to die for their country, but the extension ofthe franchise to women and the modern necessity for meeting in govern-WOMAN'S STAKE IN GOVERNMENT IIment the age-old responsibilities of women are a clear call to all patrioticwomen to live for their country.With so much at stake for women, with a removal of the handicapsbrought about by our too swift change in the character of our family andcommunity life, with a clearer understanding of our part in the modernscheme of things, is it too much to hope that a fine, fresh contribution toAmerican political life is to come from American women?Let us not despair of the American political system by what we seeabout us. These results are in many cases not the results of the workingof the system, but of the neglect of it. The machinery itself is simple — ithas to be — simpler than the rules of bridge. If the ballot is long, it canbe shortened. If elections are too frequent, many of them could be dispensed with. If the mob of job holders has built up a government whichhas no relation to the will of the people, the merit system of civil servicehonestly enforced wrould soon take the prop which doth sustain that house.The beauty of the American system is that it contains an amending clause.THE NEED TO KNOW HOW TO LIVEThey tell of an examination in sociology which contained the twoquestions: "What is society? What is education?" and one answered:"Society is a lot of folks living together, and education is knowing how."Never were there so many of us living so close together as now. Never somuch need of knowing how. Government has to formulate the rules ofthe game of living together. The hasty moving in of great populationslike ours has brought its confusion, but to a younger generation which hasnever known any "splendid isolation" it will not be so bewildering. Thereis every reason to hope for a better order of things. As the great plan ofthe physical city arises under our eyes in all its beauty, out of chaos anddisorder, may we not have faith to believe that a better spiritual order isin the making among us which will express itself in just and wise government?To you, from whom we have a right to hope most, graduates of thisUniversity which has made so rich contribution to the civic life of America, we offer congratulation on your achievement here and our blessing asyou go on to new achievement. It has been a great privilege to addressj^ou. I interpret this privilege as a generous gesture of encouragementfrom this great University to all women who are striving, however inexpertly, to interest themselves and their neighbors in the practical workings of their government to the end that justice and righteousness mayprevail.DEDICATION OF JOSEPH BONDCHAPELThe Chapel, the site of which adjoins Swift Hall and which is to beconnected to the latter by a cloister, the foundations of which have already been laid, was formally dedicated on Thursday, October 21, 1926.The program of exercises included an address by President EmeritusHarry Pratt Judson as follows:The present occasion is of especial interest to me, as it marks the realization ofvisions of years long ago on the proper provision for the religious work of the University. The plans then formed included: (1) A University Chapel, commodiousand impressive, to front on the Midway; (2) suitable buildings, on the same blockas the Chapel, but facing on Fifty-eighth Street, for the Young Men's Christian Association and the Young Women's Christian Association; and (3) an adequate endowment for the Chapel, in order that it might be not merely a building, but should be soused as to be an active force in the daily life of the University. These were designedfor the general religious work of the entire institution.For the training of candidates for the ministry, there was planried a lecturehall and library building, and a chapel, the latter of capacity adequate to the purposes of the Divinity School, and of character becoming in dignity and beauty toits educational use. It is this last building — a gem of ecclesiastical architecture-^-thatwe are met to dedicate today. It is, it will be seen, no mere isolated structure, but anintegral part of a comprehensive plan and essential to the best work of a progressiveschool for theological instruction. ,Of course the Great War delayed everything. The gift for this Chapel was madeten years ago. In Mr. Rockefeller's final gift of 1910, provision was made for theUniversity Chapel, and meanwhile generous gifts provided in part for the DivinityBuilding. The University Chapel is now rising on the Midway, Swift Hall is inactive use at this time, and the Joseph Bond Memorial Chapel now begins an influence which I trust and believe will go on through ages to come.It is fitting that this chapel should be of impressive beauty, thus entering intothe daily life of all who use it, and. leaving a permanent impression on their character. Religion belongs to that part of life which may perhaps be considered as poetry,in contradistinction to the material sciences. All life, all the forces which enter intohuman activities, I am inclined to put under two heads, which may be consideredas mathematics and poetry. The first includes those fields of knowledge whiclrthemind apprehends, acting as "a cold logic machine." Results are to all intents andpurposes demonstrable. The exact sciences make possible great works of engineering— transportation in all its forms, the applications of power, the irrigation of wastelands. The second includes all literature, all history, all economics, all political andsocial organization. This I have called poetry in a wide sense.Both these forces of life seek to be based on truth. But the one seeks, as faras possible, demonstrable certainties. The other rests on what can be shown to be12DEDICATION OF JOSEPH BOND CHAPEL 13probable, and every day and all the time we guide our lives by what seem probabilities. A great poem— Paradise Lost or The Divine Comedy— is a work of the imagination, to be sure, but nevertheless it deals with clear verities. The truths of religion cannot be proved by mathematical formulas; but they are of the same character and reached by the same methods as the truths on which, as before noted, thelarger part of life is based; and no end of confusion comes from the attempt to applymathematical logic to religious thought. Religion is poetry, but poetry is real andhas a truth which is also real. So with religion.It is fitting, then, that the training of religious teachers should be carried on insuch a beautiful dream of architecture as this in which we are gathered. It shouldand will have a lasting influence in teaching that religion is beauty and joy. Thiswill be through many generations to come the mission of the Joseph Bond MemorialChapel.DEAN MATHEWS7 ADDRESSDean Shailer Mathews, who since 1908 has been Dean of the Divinity School, gave the following address:Joseph Bond built his own memorials. A farmer's son, he determined to be amerchant. By the time he was twenty-seven years old he had been successful in business enterprises as a small- town merchant. But he was more than a trader. Hisimagination made him a manufacturer and an organizer of men. But just as he wasabout to follow his ambitions, doctors told him that, at the outside, he had only twoyears to live. "Give me twenty years," he prayed, "that I may do a man's work." Hehad twenty-two years given him in which he became a pioneer in a new form ofmanufacturing ; in partnership with men who believed in him he developed a smallfoundry into large ones, organized the American Radiator Company by purchasingthe rights, titles, and interests of rival concerns; for ten years was president of thenew company ; and at his death left it the largest business of the sort in the world,with vast plants in the United States and others in six foreign countries. This extraordinary feat by a man suffering from an incurable disease was, of course, notperformed single handed. He had able associates. But they agree that to Mr. Bondwas largely due the organization of the new business and its development. This vastbusiness is his memorial.But the man was more than his accomplishment. He had an extraordinarypower of attaching people to himself. His business associates all testify to his contagious energy, his amazing power of concentration, and his ability to develop acorporate enthusiasm among all engaged with him in any common endeavor. Eventhose of us who did not come in contact with him on his business side felt this extraordinary personality. Somehow, at first you did not suspect him of having exceptional power.' He was so deferential to your views, so courteous and kindly in thepresentation of his own, that it was almost with surprise that you found yourselfat last doing what he suggested. He could not, because of physical limitations, sharein many undertakings. He was forced to concentrate his efforts upon his own greattasks ; and I suspect, therefore, that a good many of those whom he met in otherassociations, because of his kindliness, hardly realized the magnitude of that whichhe was really accomplishing. I have known a great many successful men, but I neverknew anyone whose power was so encased in kindliness. Thus, he built another14 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDmemorial in the minds and hearts of men who will never forget him as one who wascaptain of his Own soul but who clothed his power in gentleness. ,This Chapel is a memorial to one who represented a virile religion. If chapelsare raised to saints who were ascetic, this Chapel commemorates one who for morethan twenty years forced a death-stricken body to do the work of a relentless will.If memorials are erected to. those who have rendered great services to their fellows,this Chapel commemorates one who made winter no longer a thing to be dreadedand gave new comforts to thousands of homes.If memorials are erected to men who have lived the life of the spirit in humblefaith in God, this Chapel honors the memory of a man who, without cant or smugcomplacency, simply and sincerely put his powers and personality and resourcesback of organized religion and himself became the religious teacher of hundreds ofyoung men. If memorials are raised to men of personality and leadership, this Chapelalso tells of a personality who planned great plans and led strong men. If memorialsare erected to men and women whose souls are more than their accomplishments,who loved beauty and lived beautifully, this Chapel with its glorious proportion oflength and breadth and height, its chaste adornment and its unity of impression, isa fit memorial to a man whose inmost life was well proportioned and imperishablybeautiful.Joseph Bond, though not able to have many interests outside of the vast business responsibilities which he carried, did become one of the Trustees of the BaptistTheological Union, which has the general oversight of the affairs of the DivinitySchool. This Chapel commemorates this relationship. And it becomes the keystoneof our life here together. In the atmosphere of research which so pervades the University, we of the Divinity School stand in small danger of growing indifferent to thetechnique of scholarship. We are profoundly ambitious to justify religion before thebar of intelligence. We fear no fact, for we would face and teach men to face reality.But the spirit of inquiry is always dogged by a temptation which pursues the investigator as implacably as in some old folk tales a demon pursued the man who rifledthe treasure he guarded. For the human spirit grows in upon itself as it becomesabsorbed in some narrow field of interest and ignores the whole of which it is a part.Too often we do not see the stars because we walk amid the street lights. Thisdanger is peculiarly present in religious study. As the free spirit of the poet growscold as he studies the technique of his poetry, as the imagination of the artist growscommonplace from too great interest in technique, so the student of religion is inconstant danger of substituting investigation for worship. It is hard to be at onceopen minded and persons of faith. But as long as religion consists in an intelligentco-ordination of ourselves with those personal forces which have brought about ourown personalities, so long must we worship. For worship is more than formality.It is the yielding to the urge of life itself, a search for harmony with and help fromrealities which though unseen are eternal. If we are to be honest, we must be intelligent. Religion cannot be a form" of superstitious fear. It is an experiment by whichwe test the permanent meaning of our own souls and seek reciprocity with the abysmal universe.We of the Divinity School have needed to cultivate this quest of soul. Oursurroundings have been pathetically opposed to it. We have tried to worship in thebasement of an archaeological museum and in an assembly hall surrounded by mummies of a 'dead faith. In this Chapel our surroundings lift our minds into the realmINTERIOR OF JOSEPH BOND CHAPELDEDICATION OF JOSEPH BOND CHAPEL 15of that which is beautiful and inspiring, and help us feel as well as think. An almoststartling sense of height and uplift seizes one, as one enters its walls. We have already felt its ministration of line and symbol. If we prove worthy of men's trust,this building will be for generations a sanctuary to which hundreds and thousands ofmen and women will look with gratitude for souls enriched, for imaginations quickened, and for faith given warmth and beauty.I cannot close without a more personal word. It is now ten years since Mrs.Bond told us that she was planning to build this Chapel. The delay to which wehave been subjected has been, as in the case of Swift Hall, providential. We havehad time for patient planning. We owe a great debt to our architects, but they didnot labor alone. She who gave the building studied its every detail. A chapel wasnever built with more affection. In this same spirit we who are to enjoy its ministrations wish to accept it. For myself, it stands as a memorial to a friend, strong andlovable and commanding. It can never be impersonal. It is a memorial of a lovethat will not let its loved ones go, of confidence in what this Divinity School is doingin the world of religion, of faith in the God of law and love. But it is also the beautiful symbol of the generosity of one who, in erecting a noble memorial to one whomwe loved, has in our hearts also erected a memorial to her own gracious self.PROFESSOR GOODSPEED'S ADDRESSProfessor Edgar J. Goodspeed, whose interest in the Divinity Schoolhas been influential in the planning and completion of the Chapel whichMrs. Joseph Bond has so generously provided, spoke as follows :Carved on the west wall of this Chapel, at Mrs. Bond's suggestion, is an inscription that speaks of truth. The tablet soon to be placed in the antechapel willdescribe the building as erected in memory of Joseph Bond for the worship of Godand the service of man. Truth — worship — service — it is for these, Mrs. Bond wishesme to say, that this Chapel is built.The spirit that controls this gift is the spirit that governed Mr. Bond. In themidst of his absorbing business life he always found room for an active interest inreligion. He served the Divinity School as a member of the board of the TheologicalUnion. The young men of his great business organization, of his church, and of thisUniversity found in him a kindly, generous, and inspiring friend; were welcomedby him to his home with his own princely courtesy; and they looked up to him inaffection for his sterling character and admiration for his magnificent courage.Like many others, I owed my introduction to that circle to Dean Mathews,who was his valued friend. It was to Dean Mathews that Mrs. Bond ten years agoexpressed her willingness to provide this Chapel. She deeply appreciates the untiring interest which the Dean, President Judson, President Burton, and President Mason have shown in carrying this building to completion, and the intelligent andpatient skill which the architects — Mr. Coolidge and Mr. Hodgdon — have devotedto it. She rejoices in its beauty and in the service it has already begun to render tothe Divinity School, the University, and the community. On her behalf, I have thegreat honor, Mr. President, to present the Joseph Bond Chapel to the Universityof Chicago for the worship of God and the service of man.i6 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDTHE SERVICE OF DEDICATIONFollowing the addresses was a service of dedication. President MaxMason said:The Trustees of the University have gratefully accepted from Mrs. Joseph Bondthis beautiful Chapel bailt according to the noblest traditions of the house of worship. They rejoice that it is to bear the name of one who was intimately related tothe support of theological learning in the University and in his own life nobly exemplified the religion which this Chapel shall express. While placing the buildingunder the care of the Divinity School, the Trustees confidently hope that its appointments and exquisite beauty may be a constant inspiration to beauty of life and devotion to religion throughout the University.Dean Mathews said :The Divinity School as a graduate school of the University is concerned withthe scientific study of religion. We study it not indifferently but as those to whomit is dear, who appreciate its glory, and are conscious of its power. We are worshipers as well as students of worship. We are believers as well as scholars. Beside thelibrary and the laboratory we need the sanctuary. With deepest gratitude, therefore,we accept this noble provision for worship, with the name which it bears. Churcheshave ever been called after the names of the saints, great souls who showed forth thedivine in human life. Our sanctuary bears the name of a man of the city, loyal toevery good endeavor, tender in every human relation, bold in great enterprise, courageous in the face of difficulty and of pain, reverent, humble, unfaltering in his faithin God. It is for the spread of such faith that we would prepare ministers of thegospel of Jesus Christ.The prayer of dedication was offered by Professor Theodore GeraldSoares, the University Chaplain; and the benediction was pronounced byReverend Emory William Hunt, president of Bucknell University, Lewis-burg, Pennsylvania.h-1<-X +->oHQ COO -gg'3xEZ 6o1— 1 l-HQ >-MJ fchH OJ-J=5 >w do .2< oLJ pO 5-1z a< ohJ L>z -aaa t->QOWIEBOLDT HALLLAYING OF THE CORNERSTONEGround was broken for Wieboldt Hall, the building to be devoted tothe uses of the Modern Language Departments of the University, on November 6, 1925, in which ceremony Mr. W. A. Wieboldt, of the WieboldtFoundation, Chicago, took the prominent part. Members, too, of the Germanic Society of Chicago were interested spectators.On December 14, 1926, the erection of the building had proceeded sofar that the cornerstone was laid with interesting exercises. Trustees ofthe University, members of the Faculties, friends of the enterprise, including Mr. and Mrs. Wieboldt, gathered in Harper Assembly Room fora brief but appropriate ceremony, the mercury descending too low to permit an outdoor program.The address on the occasion, "The Meaning of Wieboldt Hall," wasdelivered by Philip Schuyler Allen, Ph.D., Professor and Acting Chairman of the Department of Germanic Languages and Literatures. Mr.Allen briefly described the significance of the new building and the workwhich would there center.President Mason, in presenting to Mr. Wieboldt a framed drawing ofthe hall, spoke as follows :Some years ago I looked up the definition of the word "humanist" and foundthe following in a rather old edition of Webster's dictionary : "Humanist : one whois versed in polite literature." I quote that today to indicate how rapidly the temperof mind has changed in regard to the activity of the humanist.Today unity pervades all the activities of a great research institution like theUniversity of Chicago. We may separate men into groups as humanists or as scientists, but they are closer than ever before in spirit of performance. They are makingsteps toward a common goal — the understanding of man and his place in the universe. The humanist today studies the works of man to obtain deeper insight intohis mentality and evolution of his culture. The humanist studies by the aid of atechnique that is thoroughly scientific.The University of Chicago is dedicated to a program of the understanding ofman and of nature. It is the hope of all connected with it that it be stimulated in allof its departments, undergraduate as well as graduate, by the spirit of investigationin the scientific manner, and that increasingly, year by year, its students may receivean education which is vitalized by opportunity to participate in the program of productive scholarship of the University.The design of Wieboldt Hall reflects this temper of performance. It containsno large classrooms in which recitations will be heard. It is a building for study andinvestigation of the modern languages and literatures. It is a new tool for the studyof human culture.17i8 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDWe have prepared a drawing of Wieboldt Hall which we wish to present toMr. Wieboldt, that he may have before him a reminder of the beautiful buildingwhich, through his generosity, is to stimulate the work of the University.Mr. Wieboldt, responding to the address of President Mason, said:I assure you and all those who are responsible for the idea and for the execution of it, that the picture which you have just presented to us shall always hang ina worthy place either in our home or in my office. Mrs. Wieboldt and I will now bein closer touch with a university building than we expected to be in earlier life.It is indeed a great satisfaction to Mrs. Wieboldt and myself and to all themembers of our family to have a small representation on this great campus amongstthe memorials of our country's philanthropic men.We know that the benefactions of philanthropists are not as great a serviceand as uplifting to humanity as the daily, all-the-year-round work of famous educators. Men make universities. Bricks form merely the sheltering walls, the outwardsigns. But since the educators need buildings and equipment in which to carry ontheir great work, the philanthropists are very welcome assistants.We are very glad of having been so fortunate as to be able to provide a hall forthe study of modern languages at the University of Chicago, for which we are layingthe cornerstone today. We cannot help feeling that every advancement and betterment of the University adds to the renown of the city of Chicago.In one of the pamphlets issued by the University, it says : "There are two Chi-cagos — the city and the university. Always they have advanced together, moved bythe splendid pioneering spirit of their leaders. Their destiny is to advance togetheri^n the future. Their welfare, their accomplishments, are linked ; the strength of eachis the strength of the other."We hope that all who will use this or any of the other University buildings intimes to come, either in the capacity of teacher or learner, will fully realize andfeel at heart that without conscientious hard work neither can benefit.Hard work counts almost everywhere. Hard work without a college educationwill in most cases do better than a college education without hard work. Hard workin my earlier life and that of my sons in later years, combined with a little good luck,afforded us the pleasure of giving this building to the University.Before adjourning to the Fifty-ninth Street front of the new building,Mr. John F. Moulds, Assistant Secretary of the Board of Trustees, statedthat the contents of the box deposited in the cornerstone included the following material:Copy of the letter under date of April 16, 1925, from Mr. William A. Wieboldt,president of the Wieboldt Foundation, offering the gift of $500,000 toward the costof erecting a building for modern languages. Extract from the minutes of the meeting of the Board of Trustees of the University of Chicago of April 20, 1925, accepting the gift from the Wieboldt Foundation. Biographical sketch of Mr. William A.Wieboldt. Copy of the report of the Wieboldt Foundation for the year 1925. Copyof the report of the Auditor of the University for the year 1925-26. Copy of theprogram of the exercises in connection with the breaking of ground for WieboldtHall, November 6, 1925, and photographs of groups at the ground-breaking ceremonies. Copy of the pamphlet, Germanic Languages and Literatures in AmericanWIEBOLDT HALL 19Culture. Photographs of the four Presidents of the University: William RaineyHarper, Harry Pratt Judson, Ernest Dewitt Burton, and Max Mason. Photographof Mr. Martin A. Ryerson, President of the Board of Trustees of the University from1892 to 1922. Photograph of Mr. Harold H. Swift, President of the Board of Trustees of the University since 1922. Photograph of Dr. John Y. Aitchison, Assistantto the President of the University, 1925-26. Copies of books issued by the Committee on Development. Copy of the December, 1926, number of the University ofChicago Magazine. Copies of the University Record, the Weekly Calendar, the Annual Register of the University for 1924-25. Copies of circulars of information.Copies of the Daily Maroon and the Daily Tribune. Copy of the President's Reportfor the year 1924-25. Copy of the biography of President Ernest Dewitt Burtonwritten by Dr. Thomas W. Goodspeed. Copy of the History of French Literature,by Professor William A. Nitze and Professor E. Preston Dargan, of the University.Copy of book entitled, Some New Light on Chaucer, by Professor John M. Manly,of the University. Monographs on medieval lyrics by Professor Philip SchuylerAllen, of the University. Volume I of the Humanistic Series of Abstracts of Thesesof the University, published in 1925. Copy of the Story of the University of Chicago, by Dr. Thomas W. Goodspeed. Small coins of the year 1926.The stone was formally laid by Mr. Wieboldt, who, in doing so, said:You have heard the list of material which has been deposited in this box. It isto be hoped that when this box may be opened, after fifty or one hundred years,much greater things may have happened than are indicated in or by any of the material herein deposited, and that the small coins, which for convenience we will callthe present assets of the University, may by that time have multiplied many million fold. In accordance with custom I declare this cornerstone well and truly laid.A NEW TRUSTEE: SEWELL L. AVERYThe Board of Trustees on October 14, 1926, voted to authorize theamendment of the Articles of Incorporation of the University permittingthe increase of the number of Trustees from twenty-five to thirty. Theincreased, and continually increasing responsibilities devolving upon theTrustees have demanded an enlargement of their number in order thattheir duties may be more widely distributed. The Secretary of State hascertified the change of the Articles of Incorporation so that the Board ofTrustees when its membership is complete will consist of eighteen Baptists and twelve non-Baptists.At the meeting of the Board held December 9, 1926, in conformity tothe change of the Articles of Incorporation, informally known as the charter, Mr. Sewell Lee Avery was elected a Trustee in the class the term ofwhich expires in 1928. Mr. Avery is president of the United States Gypsum Company of Chicago and is a well-known citizen whose character andability have made him a friend of many civic institutions. Mr. Avery is aresident of Evanston. He was graduated from the University of Michiganwith the degree of Bachelor of Laws in 1894. Prior to his matriculationat that university, he attended the Michigan Military Academy. He wasborn in Saginaw, Michigan, November 4, 1874. In addition to his extensive business interest in the company of which he is president, he is also adirector of the Northern Trust Company as well as a member of the Illinois Manufacturers Association. Mr. Avery was most cordially welcomedto membership in the Board by the President and his fellow-Trustees.SEWELL LEE AVERYNew Member of the Board of TrusteesROWLAND HAYNESRecently Elected Secretary of the UniversityTHE SECRETARY OF THEUNIVERSITYThe Board of Trustees after a thorough search for a successor to thelate Dr. J. Y. Aitchison has appointed Mr. Rowland Haynes, at presentdirector of the Cleveland (Ohio) Welfare Federation, to the importantposition left vacant by Dr. Aitchison's lamented death. Mr. Haynes willbe known as the Secretary of the University instead of Assistant to thePresident as in the case of Dr. Aitchison. The successor to Mr. J. SpencerDickerson, who has been the Secretary of the Board of Trustees, when appointed, will be the Secretary of the Board. Mr. Dickerson becomes Corresponding Secretary.Mr. Haynes, who served as Associate in Philosophy in the Universityof Chicago some twenty years ago, was graduated from Williams Collegein 1902 with Phi Beta Kappa rank. There followed postgraduate workin Union Theological Seminary, New York City, together with courses inphilosophy and education at Columbia University. A fourth year wasspent in postgraduate work as fellow in psychology of religion at ClarkUniversity, from which institution he received the degree of A.M. in 1905.Three years were given to teaching at the University of Minnesota andfive years to service as field secretary for the Playground and RecreationAssociation of America, helping to organize playground and recreationsystems in various cities, notably Detroit and Milwaukee. In this, as inthe other recreation work which he has done, he has been interested primarily in the educational aspect of such spare-time activities in characterbuilding.Mr. Haynes was once secretary of recreation of the Board of Estimate and Apportionment, New York City; and during the war directorof New York War Camp Community Service, a branch of the activitiesconducted under the War and Navy Departments' Commissions on Training Camp Activities headed by Mr. Raymond B. Fosdick. Later he became directing consultant and editor of the Cleveland Recreation Survey, a seven-volume study of the play and recreation problems in Cleveland. This survey was conducted under the auspices of the ClevelandFoundation. It covered the work of public, private, and commercial agencies and also considered three fundamental problems — delinquency andspare time, making wholesome citizens in spare time, and school progress2122 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDand spare time. Then for two years he was director of the Cleveland Recreation Council, an organization developed to push the recreation planoutlined by the recreation survey. This plan was a comprehensive schemefor co-ordinating the work of all private and public agencies in the wholesome use^of off-duty time. For the last five years he has been director ofthe Cleveland Welfare Federation, a co-operative enterprise throughwhich one hundred agencies budget and apportion over $3,250,000 annually to the different types of social service. Mr. Haynes was married in1906 to Wilhelmena Rigby Gill Rose and has three children.From the painting by W. P. Welsh Gift of the Law School AlumniPROFESSOR ERNST FREUNDPROFESSOR ERNST FREUNDFriends of Ernst Freund, who since 1902 has been Professor of Lawin the Law School and who in fact has been connected with the University since the very beginning of its history, will be glad to learn that hehas recovered from a period of illness. He was obliged to leave the sceneof his professorial activities and was confined to the hospital, where it wasnecessary for him to undergo one or two severe surgical operations. Hisreturn to his customary duties will be welcomed by his colleagues in theLaw School and by his students.It is especially fitting that just at this time when Professor Freundreturns to his work at the University his portrait should be completed andexhibited. Upon the opposite page will be found a reproduction of theportrait which has been provided by the alumni of the Law School. It isan excellent likeness and well painted. At present it is hung in one of therooms of the Quadrangle Club. It is expected that in the near future itwill find its place in the Library of the Law School building, where already are hung excellent portraits of Dean James Parker Hall and Professor Floyd Russell Mechem.The painter of the portrait, Mr. William P. Welsh, maintains a studioon the North Side. He is a comparatively recent addition to the growinggroup of artists of Chicago. His most notable piece of work to date,doubtless, is the mural decoration of one or more of the restaurants of thenew Palmer House.The number of new portraits, some of them of outstanding merit,being added to the University's collection is furnishing a veritable portrait gallery, a gallery which will carry on to generations yet to come animpression of the personality of the teachers who have made the University what it is. Already something like sixty portraits in oil are placedin different buildings, certain of them being the work of painters of worldwide reputation.23AMONG THE DEPARTMENTSTHE DEPARTMENT OF ARTBy WALTER SARGENTDepartments of art in several institutions owe their origin to professors of the classics who realized the aesthetic as well as the historicalvalue of the classical heritage and therefore gave courses planned to develop intelligent enjoyment of works of art. This was true in the University of Chicago. The beginnings of its Department of the History of Artdate from the appointment of Professor Frank B. Tarbell in 1894 as Professor of Classical Archaeology. Professor Tarbell later enlarged theDepartment to include modern art and also courses in color and pictorialcomposition which were being given in the School of Education.After Professor TarbelPs retirement in 19 18, the conduct of the Department of History of Art was in charge of an administrative committeeuntil 1924. During that year Dr. Burton, who was then President, decidedto form a Department of Art which should unite the various art interestson the campus. The work in Art thus became one of the recognized departments of the Schools of Arts, Literature, and Science.THE FOUR OBJECTIVES OF THE DEPARTMENTIn shaping its progress, the newly organized department attempteda somewhat comprehensive examination of the reasons for including artin University teaching. It took account of the traditional type of historical study of art, which had long since proved its great value. It was alsoconcerned with the ways in which art enters into the current of contemporary life. As a result of this examination four main objectives were defined somewhat as follows:First, to offer to all students an opportunity to gain the kind of acquaintance with the arts that every educated person should possess, whatever his future occupation is to be, and to develop an intelligent enjoyment of the world's artistic inheritance as a part of general culture. Thisimplied a consideration of the arts, not only as historical documents, butalso as embodiments of aesthetic experiences and ideals. The Departmentfelt that capacity to participate in these experiences is not rare, but common to the normal person; that it may be readily awakened during thatperiod of high receptivity which constitutes the college age, and that ifthis intelligent appreciation of art is developed, it will prove to be a re-24AMONG THE DEPARTMENTS 25source of increasing enjoyment throughout life and a constantly availablesource of spiritual renewal.Second, to reach a community much wider than that of the University itself by training those who will be teachers in high schools and colleges. There is a marked and growing demand for teachers of history,theory, and practice of art who can present art in such a way that it willenter into the daily thinking of the students and will minister to their cultural life. The attitude of people toward art appears to be largely determined in high schools and colleges. These are the strategic points. Itseems a statement of plain fact to say that by training teachers the Department has opportunity to go far toward shaping that attitude throughout a wide territory.Third, to offer some practical experience with the materials of art.The department feels that in art, as in any other language, a certain intimate insight and interpretation are gained if students have some practicein actual use of the language. Therefore, courses have been planned indrawing, modeling, color, and composition. The principal purpose ofthese courses is interpretation. They are not to develop technical proficiency, but to furnish some direct experience in the use of typical formsof art expression.COURSES HELPFUL ALTHOUGH NON-PROFESSIONALWhile these courses are planned to furnish a practical experience withart which is of general value to all students, they are also a direct help tothose who will later take up art as a profession. Although non-professional in character, they give to these students an experience with the materials of art comparable to that which laboratory courses in chemistry andphysics and courses in English composition offer to students who will laterspecialize in those fields. It has been, in the past, a grave misfortune thatthose who plan to take up art professionally, and yet who realize thevalue of a broad general education, have seldom been able to carry on anylaboratory work in art as part of their college course. They have beencompelled either to postpone systematic studio work until after graduation or to go earlier than is wise to a professional school with its highlyspecialized interests. As a result of these courses, several students havediscovered what they did not suspect: that art was to be one of theirmajor interests.Fourth, to forward appreciation of industrial art and to co-operatewith the rapidly growing interest in giving to our possessions and surroundings greater charm and distinction. The department believes that,in a sense, there is no dividing line between fine and industrial art, but26 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDrather that art flows into different channels and incarnates itself impartially in high visions and in things of common use, and that taste consistsin capacity to discern beauty in whatever embodiment it appears.At present the department is restricted in its attempts to meet itsopportunities and responsibilities because it has no building or endowment. Therefore some of its classes must be limited and its plans for expansion held in abeyance. It hopes for greater resources in the near futurebecause it believes that with the unprecedentedly rapid advance of scienceand efficiency, there must also be a corresponding development in therealms of tastes, preferences, and discriminations, if we are to maintain abalance of those elements which can make our civilization human in itshighest sense. It believes that intelligent enjoyment of the arts is a positive force in preserving this balance.THE GENERAL SURVEY COURSESBy ERNEST H. WILKINSThe fundamental Ideas underlying our general survey courses arethose indicated by President Burton in his statement that the college"ought to help each student to acquire such a knowledge of the physicaluniverse, of the history of the race, of the structure of society, and of thenature of the individual that, taking his stand at the center of his being,he may have a sense of where he is"; and in his statement that the collegeought to teach its students "to think, not to follow precepts, not to practice an art according to fixed methods, or to play a game according to therules of the game, but to observe facts, to state them in relation one to another, to view them dispassionately, to draw conclusions from them."The development of courses intended to meet these needs has beenone of the most interesting recent phenomena in American education.Amherst introduced a survey course in social and economic institutions in1914. Columbia initiated its famous "Introduction to Contemporary Civilization" in 1919. In the same year Dartmouth instituted its pair ofsurvey courses, one called "Evolution," and the other called "Problemsof Citizenship." In 192 1 Johns Hopkins first offered its "Introduction toCollege Work." Half a dozen other institutions in these same years offered courses similar to one or another of those mentioned. In 1922 Committee G of the American Association of University Professors publisheda report on initiatory courses for Freshmen, giving a detailed accountof the survey courses then being offered, together with recommendations which might guide those interested in the establishment of suchAMONG THE DEPARTMENTS 27courses elsewhere. The Committee's main recommendations were thatthere should be given in the first half of the Freshman year a. co-operativecourse on the nature of the world and of man, and in the latter part of theyear a course in thinking. It was also recommended that a course on themajor human problems of the present day be given in the Sophomoreyear.The introduction of general survey courses at the University of Chicago resulted directly from this report, the recommendations of whichwere adopted very exactly. The course in thinking, called "Introduction to Reflective Thinking," was introduced in the spring of 1924; thecourse on "The Nature of the World and of Man," as a two-quartercourse, in the autumn of 1924 and the winter of 1925; and a course on"Man in Society" in the winter of 1926. A fourth course, the "Meaningand Value of the Arts," was added to the series in the spring of 1926.These courses were at first given on individual initiative and werelisted under separate departments. In the spring of 1926 an administrative committee, with Professor Judd as chairman, was appointed to havegeneral direction of the four courses, and they are now grouped togetheras General Survey Courses at the head of the college announcements. Asa result of the experience thus far had, it is now planned to give thecourses in the following order: first, "The Nature of the World and ofMan," during the first half of the Freshman year; 'second, "Man in Society," during the second half of the Freshman year; third, "ReflectiveThinking," in the autumn quarter of the Sophomore year; and fourth,"The Meaning and Value of the Arts," in the winter quarter of theSophomore year.Courses one, two, and four are co-operative; that is, many of the lectures are given by men other than those directly in charge of the course.This plan has the special advantage of giving the Freshmen opportunityto see and hear some of the leading men on the Faculty. In all of thecourses class discussion plays a large part.' The first course, beginning with the place of the earth in the universe,traces the story of life from its origin up to the point where man is definedas man; the second, resuming the story at that point, confronts the student with the central achievements and the pressing problems of man asa member of society; and the final course endeavors to qualify the student to gain that enlargement of life which comes from the enjoyment ofthe arts — -architecture, sculpture, painting, music, literature — which arethe products, not of human need, but of surplus spiritual energy. Thesethree courses together serve to survey the whole range of human intellec-28 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDtual life (and of the college curriculum) in its three great divisions: thephysical sciences, the social sciences, and the arts. Such a survey, it isthought, will help both to give the student a better rounding of his permanent interests and to give many students a basis for the selection of amajor field of intellectual occupation.The several men participating in the first course have together prepared a co-operative volume, The Nature of the World and of Man,published by the University of Chicago Press, which now serves as textbook for the course.Hitherto it has been our practice to limit registration in these coursesto the ablest students — as determined initially by the evidence containedin their entrance papers, and thereafter by their performance in college.The number of students thus admitted has risen from 60 to 150, and weare now hoping to be able before long to extend the opportunities of thesecourses to all our underclassmen.THE RESERVE OFFICERS' TRAINING CORPSBy LIEUTENANT C. R. GILDARTDepartment of Military Science and TacticsTwenty-nine University of Chicago students of the Reserve Officers'Training Corps reported to Camp Sparta, Wisconsin, June 18, for the sixweeks of field training constituting a complement of their classroomstudies at the University. Assignment to tents by the alphabetical method kneaded them homogeneously into the groups from the universities ofIllinois and Wisconsin, broadened their collegiate outlook, and fosteredamong them new friendships and associations.The Camp Sparta Military Reservation comprises a tract of sandyland about ten miles long and three miles wide, situated about thirtymiles east of LaCrosse, Wisconsin. Travelers through that part of Wisconsin are usually surprised at the altitude of the hills — or mountains,for they are almost that. Camp Sparta contains a range of these hills,winding and sprawling about the reservation, forming ravines and pockets, parallel ridges and draws, knolls and plateaus. These afford a variedtype of terrain, particularly adapted to artillery instruction, through theparadoxical combination of good observation and deceptive ground forms.All of the hills are forested with scrub oak and pine. The view from theReserve Officers' Training Corps camp sweeps across a valley and embraces a wide panorama of well-elevated hills, dotted with farm buildingsset in a mosaic of cultivated fields.AMONG THE DEPARTMENTS 29Immediately after the issue of uniforms and equipment, the ninety-nine cadets were organized into a field artillery battery. Cadet rank atthe universities was disregarded, and posts as officers and non-commissioned officers were filled by roster, the personnel of which changed daily.The instructional staff consisted of regular army officers detailed fromthose on duty at the several universities represented, with Captain SidneyG. Brady, of the University of Illinois, as camp commander. The lastnamed, who is a son of the late Cyrus Townsend Brady, military authorand historian, through his combined sympathetic and soldierly qualitiesproved to be eminently well qualified for his position. Early in the camp,he outlined to the new battery his policy of administering a rigid but justdiscipline, after the manner of that which obtains at the United StatesMilitary Academy.Drills and instruction covered the multifarious duties of enlisted andcommissioned personnel in a regular field artillery battery. Instruction inequitation, reconnaissance, tactical employment of field artillery, and elementary gunnery consumed much of the first month. Toward the latterpart of the camp period the field artillery firing on the target rangeusing service ammunition, with the teamwork and leadership that thissort of work imposes as its primary requisites, was given the major portion of the time. The course culminated in a three-day march, involvingall phases of artillery activity in the field, including night firing of shrapnel under conditions simulating action as nearly as possible.The University of Chicago representation at Camp Sparta was morethan creditable. Officers from other institutions on duty at the camp expressed themselves as being favorably impressed with the Chicago product, and with the type of instruction reflected in the conduct of thestudents. The University of Chicago was particularly fortunate in extracurricular activities, partially because of the presence of several fineMaroon athletes in the ranks. Marks, 1926 football captain; Hobscheid,1925, star lineman; and Brignall, a "C" man in baseball, assisted byseveral others made Chicago an easy winner in athletics.A record of the pistol firing disclosed the fact that Chicago men cameout with the highest percentage and that a Chicago cadet, J. BurtonSmith, shot the highest individual score. In the reconnaissance problem,solved by a cadet battery commander from each of the three institutions,assisted by a battery commanders' detail selected from his mates, Chicagowas nosed put of first place by Wisconsin, whose time was shorter byseveral minutes. Chicago's battery commander for this problem wasCadet Henry K. Webster, Jr. In practically all departments of the prob-3o THE UNIVERSITY RECORDlem other than the matter of time, Chicago's record was the best ofthe three.The officers from the University of Chicago were gratified to learnthat in the opinion of the camp commander the potentialities as to reserve officer qualities of the cadets from the Midway were considerablysuperior to those of last year's group. Should this be a fact — and the unprejudiced nature of the opinion makes it believable — it, together withthe fact that Chicago's representation at the camp was larger numericallythan ever before, makes the progress of the University of Chicago unit ofthe Reserve Officers' Training Corps during the past year more satisfactory than in any previous period. In February, 1926, a forecast wasmade placing the probable total output of reserve officers from the unit attwenty for the school year 1925-26. Twenty-four actually received commissions (or eligibility certificates in the case of minors), giving the department an increase of 84 per cent in output over the previous year.Yet the officers of the instructional staff are still unsatisfied with thegeneral condition of the Chicago unit of the Reserve Officers' TrainingCorps. Much of the production outlined in the preceding paragraph is arealization upon work expended on the Reserve Officers' Training Corpsproject in other institutions. Eighteen of the twenty-four commissionedreceived all or part of their basic instruction elsewhere than in the localbasic course. Major F. M. Barrows, Professor of Military Science andTactics, aims at an annual output of fifty reserve officers, most of whomhave received all of their military instruction — both basic (first twoyears) and advanced (final two years) — at the University of Chicago.This will give the average student four years of field artillery, instead oftwo or more of infantry, cavalry, or what not, and two of field artillery,making the sum total of specialized technical knowledge at the disposalof the newly commissioned reserve officer from this unit considerablygreater and better than at present. In this respect the Chicago unit is notnow self-supporting, but does reclaim from other institutions a considerable amount of partially trained material, which otherwise might be irretrievably lost to the cadre of the reserve establishment.In this project, the betterment of the University's contribution tosensible national defense, the Department of Military Science and Tactics desires to appeal to the conception of economy and general goodsense of the University of Chicago alumnus. The Reserve Officers' Training Corps in its very nature is one which must depend upon the goodwill of the community in which it strives for existence, for the instructiongiven therein leads to proficiency in an avocation rather than to a voca-AMONG THE DEPARTMENTS 31tional degree and a means of living. No reserve officer has ever in timeof peace made a living from his commission. The work pursued in the Department of Military Science and Tactics has virtually no monetary reward, its economy lies in the wide realm of national service and the savingof lives. Robbed of the appeal of pecuniary reward, the Reserve Officers'Training Corps must depend upon the whole-hearted support of far-seeing men in the Faculties, Trustees, and alumni wherever a unit isfound.The head of the department believes that there is on the campus anawakening of an attitude of helpfulness to this new department. However, it is patent that unless the plant furnished by the government ismore suitably housed than at present, unless adequate drill space is afforded for the proper conduct of practical training, unless assistance isobtained in replacing the present ill-fitting uniforms with presentablestock, the University of Chicago unit must fall short of the mark of productiveness which in the eyes of the War Department constitutes an indexof proper economy of government effort and funds.THE BOARD OF TRUSTEESBy JOHN F. MOULDS, Assistant SecretaryAMENDMENT OF THE ARTICLES OF INCORPORATIONAt the meeting of the Board of Trustees held November n, 1926, itwas unanimously voted, after all necessary preliminaries had been observed, to amend the Articles of Incorporation, frequently referred to asthe charter, or the articles of association.The first and second paragraphs of Article 3 were amended to readas follows:The management of said corporation shall be vested in a Board of thirty Trustees, who shall be elected as follows :The twenty-five Trustees now constituting said Board shall continue to servefor the terms for which they have been elected, the term of the eight Trustees of thesecond class expiring with the annual meeting of 1927, that of the eight Trustees ofthe third class expiring with the annual meeting of 1928, and that of the nine Trustees of the first class expiring with the annual meeting of 1929. After the takingeffect of this amendment, five additional Trustees may be elected and each such additional Trustee, at the time of his election, shall be allotted to the first, second or thirdclass as the Trustees may determine. Upon the expiration of the terms of theseclasses, successors shall be elected by the Trustees, by ballot, for three-year terms,the terms of one of the three classes expiring each year and the successors to thatclass being then elected at the annual meeting. Vacancies occurring by death, resignation, removal or otherwise may be filled for the unexpired term by the Board atany meeting and the member elected shall belong to the class in which the vacancyoccurs.AN APPRECIATION OF J. SPENCER DICKERSONAt the November meeting of the Board, upon report of a special committee consisting of Eli B. Felsenthal, Martin A. Ryerson, and Albert W.Sherer, the Trustees adopted an expression of appreciation of the services of Mr. J. Spencer Dickerson, whose resignation as Secretary of theBoard of Trustees was accepted at the October meeting. A portion of theCommittee's report, which was addressed to Mr. Dickerson, follows:The University of Chicago has been singularly fortunate in the character of thegroup of men who from the beginning have been interested in its development. Inthis group of loyal friends it has always counted you, and we gratefully rememberthat as publisher of The Standard, you made it your business to become thoroughlyacquainted with needs and aims of the University, and that you valiantly and constantly advocated the cause of the University in the columns of your paper.It was quite appropriate, therefore, that the Board of Trustees should elect you32TEE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 33to membership as soon as an opportunity occurred. We recall that during your successive terms of office you demonstrated your sagacity and fidelity to the Universityand rendered distinct and valuable services to the University.Upon the resignation of Dr. T. W. Goodspeed as Secretary, the Board, recognizing your eminent fitness for the position, elected you to succeed Dr. Goodspeed.It was not a light undertaking to step into the shoes of the distinguished Secretary,who had occupied the position from the beginning, and whose great ability and intimate knowledge of men and measures were unique. But you showed yourself at onceequal to the task, and though the work of the Secretary had vastly increased, youdid not falter. You introduced valuable new methods, and through your efforts theSecretary's work was thoroughly systematized and the work was constantly maintained up to the highest degree of efficiency. Your constant and prompt attendanceat committee meetings and at meetings of the Board merit especial mention, and werecognize that the time and effort which you brought to bear in your attendance atmeetings and in transcribing these minutes and forwarding them to the variousmembers of the Board made large inroads on your time and health. Ever and always,in all of your contacts, you displayed a fine knowledge and capacity for work anda spirit of sympathetic and broad-minded interest and co-operation. We feel thatyou have been not only the Secretary, but the warm, personal friend of all withwhom your work brought you in touch.Our regret in accepting your resignation is only partially compensated for bythe thought that we shall still meet you in connection with the new work to whichyou have been assigned.Be assured that at all times the Board of Trustees will remember you for theloyalty and devotion to your work, your great efficiency, and the nobleness of yourcharacter, and to perpetuate these sentiments a copy of the letter will be spread uponthe minutes of the Board.GIFTSMr. George H. Jones has given $415,000 to the University for the extension of the facilities of the Department of Chemistry. The gift is tobe 'used as follows: $245,000 for the erection of a building for the Department of Chemistry, to be called the George H. Jones Laboratory;$100,000 to be held as an endowment, the net income of which shall beused for the maintenance and repair of this building; $70,000 for equipment and the endowment of equipment, provided that of this sum at least$40,000 is used for such endowment.The General Education Board has made a grant of $250,000 forgeneral endowment for the purpose of training graduate students in thescience of archaeology; $30,000 for the improvement and better equipment of the Haskell Oriental Museum of the University; and $50,000 tofinance the publications of the Oriental Institute of the University.Mr. Theodore W. Robinson and Mr. Robert P. Lamont have eachprovided $1,750 for the purchase of furniture for the newly enlarged headquarters and library of the Oriental Institute staff at Luxor, Egypt.34 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDMr. Henry J. Patten has given $800 for the work of the Oriental Institute.Under the will of John Mason Jackson the University has receivedapproximately $52,000, the income of which is to be used for the aid ofpoor and worthy students at the University.Dr. R. A. F. Penrose, Jr., has given $500 for the support of the Journal of Geology, thus enabling the Journal to continue the improvementswhich were inaugurated by former gifts of Dr. Penrose.Dr. Hermann Hille has donated $1,000 to the University for a fellowship in the Department of Physiology for the year 1926-27, to beknown as the Hille Fellowship in Physiology, and has guaranteed furthersums not to exceed $500 as an expense fund in connection with the fellowship. The two special fellowships in the Department of Home Economics have also been renewed for the year 1926-27 by an anonymousgiftProfessor Floyd R. Mechem, of the Law School, has given to theUniversity the larger part of his law library, comprising between 900 and1,000 volumes.The University has received from Mrs. Ernest Dewitt Burton the giftof a portrait of her late husband, painted by Thomas D. Tallmadge, ofNew York. The portrait has been hung in the Common Room of SwiftHall.The Board of Trustees has gratefully accepted the offer of LoradoTaft to model a statue of the late President William Rainey Harper. It isthe hope that some generous donor will provide funds for casting the figure in bronze.The University of Chicago Law School Association has given to theUniversity a portrait of Professor Ernst Freund, painted by William P.Welsh, of Chicago. This gift is "a token of the high esteem and deep affection in which all graduates of the Law School hold Professor Freund."APPOINTMENTSThe following appointments, in addition to reappointments, weremade by the Board of Trustees during the Autumn Quarter, 1926:Ezra J. Kraus, Professor of Botany, from February 1, 1927, to takeup his duties October 1, 1927.John T. McNeill, Professor of Church History in the Divinity School,from July 1, 1927.Dr. Francis Lane, Clinical Professor and Vice-Chairman of the Department of Ophthalmology in Rush Medical College, from October 1,1926, to June 30,-1927.THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 35Robert J. Bonner, Chairman of the Department of Greek, for oneyear from October i, 1927.George W. Sherburn, Secretary of the Department of English, forone year from October 1, 1926.William H. Spencer, Secretary of the Department of Economics, forone year from October 1, 1926.Friedrich Hiller, of the University of Munich, Associate Professorof Medicine, for a term of three years, on a four-quarter basis.Ruth Emerson, Director of the Social Service Department of theBillings Hospital and Lecturer in Medical Social Work in the School ofSocial Service Administration, for two years from September 1, 1927, ona four-quarter basis.Arthur Wilford Nagler, of the Garrett Biblical Institute, ProfessorialLecturer in the Department of Church History in the Divinity School,on a half-time basis, for the Autumn Quarter, 1926, and the Winter Quarter, 1927.Jose Vasconcelos, Lecturer in Hispanic American History in the Department of History, for the Spring Quarter, 1927. Dr. Vasconcelos wasformerly president of the University of Mexico and minister of education,and participated last summer in the public lectures of the Harris Instituteon the problems of Mexico.Jean Balfour, Instructor in the Department of Nursing, Supervisorof Clinical Nursing, and Second Assistant Superintendent of Nurses, fornineteen months from March 1, 1927, on a four-quarter basis.Emily Wagner, Instructor in the Department of Art, for the AutumnQuarter, 1926, and the Spring Quarter, 1927.Frederic Richard Bamforth, Instructor in the Department of Mathematics, for the Winter Quarter, 1927.Stephen Fuller Crocker, Instructor in the Department of English,for one year from October 1, 1926.George E. Downing, Instructor in the Department of Art, for fourmonths from October 1, 1926.Hugh S. Morrison, Instructor in the Department of Art, for fourmonths from April 1, 1927.Mabel Katherine Pearse, part-time Instructor in the Department ofPhysical Culture, for the Autumn Quarter, 1926.Harold C. Voris, Instructor in the Department of Anatomy, for threequarters to July 1, 1927.H. B. Workman, principal of Westminster Training School, London,England, to give instruction in the Department of Church History of theDivinity School, for the Spring Quarter, 1927.36 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDMarie Hinrichs, Research Associate in the Department of Physiology, for one year from October i, 1926.George W. Moffit, Research Associate at Yerkes Observatory, fromSeptember 1, 1926, to August 31, 1927.Jeanette B. Obenchain, Research Associate in the Department ofAnatomy, for one year from October 1, 1926.Dr. Max P. Gethner, Clinical Associate in the Department of Medicine in Rush Medical College, for one year from July 1, 1926.Leila Houghteling, Dean in the Colleges of Arts, Literature, and Science, for the Autumn Quarter, 1926, and the Winter and Spring Quarters, 1927. (Miss Houghteling died January 1, 1927.)Richard Lloyd Doan, National Research Fellow in the Departmentof Physics, for twelve months from September 1, 1926.Orrin Frink, National Research Fellow in the Department of Mathematics, for twelve months from August 1, 1926.Powis L. Heitmeyer, Research Fellow in the Department of Pediatrics in Rush Medical College, for the Autumn Quarter, 1926.Claude N. Lambert, Research Fellow in the Department of Pediatrics in Rush Medical College, for the Autumn Quarter, 1926.Charles T. Roos, National Research Fellow in the Department ofMathematics, for twelve months from October 1, 1926.D. V. Widder, National Research Fellow in the Department ofMathematics, for twelve months from October 1, 1926.RESIGNATIONSThe following resignations were accepted by the Board of Trusteesduring the Autumn Quarter, 1926:Paul Shorey, as Head of the Department of Greek, effective October1, 1927.Dr. Julius E. Lackner, as Assistant Clinical Professor in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, at Rush Medical College.Sophonisba P. Breckinridge, as Dean in the Colleges of Arts, Literature, and Science.W. C. Allee, as Dean in the Colleges of Arts, Literature, and Science.Halvor O. Teisberg, as member of the staff of the Library, effectiveDecember 1, 1926.ADJUSTMENTSDr. Joseph A. Capps has been transferred from a clinical professorship in the Department of Medicine in Rush Medical College to a clinicalprofessorship in the Department of Medicine in the Ogden GraduateSchool of Science, for three years from July 1, 1927.THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 37Dr. Joseph L. Miller has been transferred from a clinical professorship in the Department of Medicine in Rush Medical College to a clinical professorship in the Department of Medicine in the Ogden GraduateSchool of Science, for three years from July i, 1927.LEAVES OF ABSENCEThe following leaves of absence were granted by the Board of Trustees during the Autumn Quarter, 1926:William A. Craigie, Professor in the Department of English, for theSpring Quarter, 1927, to enable him to carry on work at Oxford University in connection with the Dictionary of the English Language in America.Paul H. Douglas, Professor in the School of Commerce and Administration, for the Spring Quarter, 1927.Charles J. Herrick, Professor in the Department of Anatomy, forthree months beginning December 1, 1926, to enable him to undertakecertain work for the Rockefeller Foundation in Europe.Robert M. Lovett, Professor in the Department of English, for theSpring Quarter, 1927.Archibald G. Baker, Associate Professor in the Divinity School, forthe Winter Quarter, 1927.Dr. William G. Reeder, Associate Clinical Professor in the Department of Ophthalmology at Rush Medical College, for three months fromOctober 1, 1926, on account of illness.Harold F. Gosnell, Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Science, for the Winter Quarter, 1927, on account of illness.Samuel H. Nerlove, Instructor in the School of Commerce and Administration, for the Autumn Quarter, 1926.Dr. Sidney A. Portis, Clinical Associate in Rush Medical College,from January 1, to April 1, 1927, for study in Europe.Dr. Aristoph Spare, Clinical Associate in the Department of Ophthalmology at Rush Medical College, for six months from October 1,1926, on account of serious illness.MISCELLANEOUSDr. Thomas W. Goodspeed has resigned as Corresponding Secretaryof the Board of Trustees, and has been appointed Historian of the University of Chicago.At the October 14, 1926, meeting of the Board of Trustees, Mr. J.Spencer Dickerson's resignation as Secretary of the Board of Trusteeswas accepted, to take effect October 31, 1926; and at the November 1138 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDmeeting he was elected Corresponding Secretary of the Board. Mr, Dick-erson's work as Corresponding Secretary is to include editorship of thisUniversity Record, general supervision of the works of art of the University, and other duties as may be assigned to him by the President ofthe University.The Board of Trustees has given to Mr. John F. Moulds the officialtitle of Assistant Business Manager at the Quadrangles.Mr. John Dollard has been appointed an Assistant to the Presidentof the University from November 15, 1926.The Board has voted that the following inscription shall be placedon the Midway entrance to the medical group of buildings: "The University of Chicago: University Clinics."The Talcott Scholarships have been changed to the Talcott Fellowships in order that awards may be made to one or two students each year,instead of three or four.Alteration of the south half of Ricketts Laboratory and equipmentof it for use by the Department of Hygiene and Bacteriology has beenauthorized. The use of this space by that Department is made possibleby the removal of the Department of Pathology to its new quarters inthe medical buildings.The Trustees have decided to give their annual dinner to membersof the Faculties on the evening of Wednesday, January 12, 1927, andhave appointed the following persons as a committee on arrangements:Charles F. Axelson, chairman; Charles W. Gilkey and A. W. Sherer.The sum of $1,000 has been appropriated to aid in the studies ofrespiratory diseases carried on by the Department of Hygiene and Bacteriology.THE NEWER UNIVERSITYBUILDINGSThe building program upon which the University entered soon afterPresident Burton's administration began has been followed with steadyprogress. Already the Rawson Laboratory of Medicine and Surgery, withthe Norman Bridge Pathological Laboratories on the fifth floor; the Theology Building, now happily named Swift Hall; and the Joseph BondChapel have been completed and occupied. The foundation for the Cloister, the connecting and unifying passageway between the two last-namedbuildings, is laid and its completion may be expected during the firstmonths of the year 1927.RECENT PROGRESSThe writer of these paragraphs well recalls some remarks he madebefore a representative Chicago audience at the request of PresidentHarper, in the course of which he called attention to the anomaly whichwas found in the condition which then existed at the University, that situation which provided sleeping accommodations for Divinity students butno adequate arrangements for their classrooms. They could sleep in theDivinity dormitories, but met their teachers amid the mummies and thearchaeological exhibits of a museum. That situation no longer exists.Swift Hall affords every facility for the needs of the Divinity School, andHaskell Oriental Museum has been repaired and generally altered so thatit now begins to fulfil the purpose which the- donor of the building, Mrs.Caroline E. Haskell, had in mind when she gave the $100,000 with whichthe building was constructed. A later issue of the University Record willgive a description of the uses to which the building is now devoted, withsome idea of its increasingly interesting contents.Rawson Laboratory, which cost to build and equip some $615,000,has been in use since December, 1925, at which time also the NormanBridge Laboratories were opened. The cost of the latter is included inthat of Rawson Laboratory. The Whitman Laboratory of ExperimentalZoology was opened in June, 1926. Its cost involved the expenditure of$100,000 or more. The cost of Swift Hall was approximately $575,000;of the Bond Chapel and the Cloister, $200,000. That portion of the proposed grandstands on Stagg Field that was completed in the autumn of1926 represents the expenditure of $580,000. The brick residence built3940 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDby Professor Emeritus William Gardner Hale was given to the Universityby the Chicago Theological Seminary and removed to a site south of theQuadrangle Club at a cost of about $27,000, including equipment. Thisbuilding will be used as a clubhouse for graduate students.Several other building operations of the University are making headway also. Accompanying this article are reproductions of photographsshowing the condition of the medical group a year ago and in December,1926, also similar representations of progress in completing the University Chapel. Ground was broken for Wieboldt Hall on November 6, 1925.The cornerstone was laid December 14, 1926. By January, 1927, portions of the stone on the Fifty-ninth Street and Harper Court frontageshad been laid and structural steel up to the second story had been placed.The cost of Wieboldt Hall involves the expenditure of some $600,000.During the quarter covered by this issue of the Record, provision hasbeen made, by the munificent gift of $415,000 of Mr. George H. Jones, ofChicago, for the construction and endowment of a new building unit forthe Department of Chemistry. The George H. Jones Laboratory will contain research laboratories and a library.President Mason's New Year's statement declares:The total actual construction of the past year approximates the imposing totalof $4,500,000 in cost. During 1927 we may be sure of approximately $4,000,000worth of construction at the quadrangles, and projected but not yet definitely realized programs may materialize to swell the total. Taken all together, the actualwork completed, commenced, or carried forward during 1926 constitutes a compositebuilding program of $10,000,000 which reaches back into 1925.Provision has not yet been made for the much-needed and long-hoped-for Administration Building; for those buildings required for theDepartments of Art and of Mathematics; for those demanded by theSchool of Education for the high school and the graduate school of education, or for the home for nurses.THE HOSPITAL, OUT-PATIENT CLINIC, AND MEDICAL LABORATORIESThe new medical buildings, now nearing completion, which are being erected ata cost of approximately $5,000,000, comprise seven different units, separated for thepresent into two groups. Eventually it is expected that these two groups will be connected by the addition of new units and that all of the departments housed in thegroup, while retaining their separate entities, will have the advantages of easy intercommunication.The portion of the larger group which faces the Midway, and which houses thepatients and the various hospital services, comprises the Albert Merritt Billings Hospital, with its main entrance in the center of the court. Inasmuch as the administrative offices of this hospital are planned to include also the central offices of the Uni-ITHE HOSPITAL THE MEDICAL AND SURGICAL CLINICS, IN DECEMBER, 1925LOOKING SOUTHTHE HOSPITAL, THE MEDICAL AND SURGICAL CLINICS, IN DECEMBER, 1926LOOKING NORTHWESTPROGRESS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE MEDICAL BUILDINGSTHE NEWER UNIVERSITY BUILDINGS 41versity Clinics as a whole, there is an inscription over this door which reads, "TheUniversity of Chicago, University Clinics," as well as an inscription which reads,"Albert Merritt Billings Hospital."The Albert Merritt Billings Hospital includes 215 patients' beds, of whichtwenty are in private rooms. The remainder of the beds are in units of from one tofour beds in a room or alcove. In addition there are the administrative offices, kitchens and stores, dining-rooms for staff and employees, X-ray laboratories, operatingrooms, and other usual hospital facilities.In close physical association with the hospital, but with a separate entrance fromthe fore court, is the out-patient clinic, known as the Max Epstein Clinic; and thisdesignation is indicated by the inscription over the entrance. This clinic contains sections for general medicine and surgery, sections for the medical and surgical specialties, and provision for medical social service, pharmacy, etc.Adjoining the hospital and out-patient clinic on the north, and in direct continuation of them, are the laboratories of the Departments of Medicine and Surgery.Each of these comprises a separate unit, with a separate entrance to each from thenorth. These entrances will be designated as the entrances to the medical and surgicalclinics, respectively, the term "clinic" in this connection including the space occupiedby each of these departments in the laboratories and in the hospital and out-patientclinic. Thus the medical clinic includes all the activities, teaching, research, andclinical, of the Department of Medicine.Between the medical and surgical clinics, and also with a separate entrance fromthe north, is the Pathology Building, or perhaps more properly the "Pathological institute," in which will be housed the Department of Pathology. This communicatesdirectly with the medical clinic on the one side and with the surgical clinic on theother.To the north of this group of buildings is a large court, into which now open themedical and surgical clinics, the Pathological Institute, and the two buildings on thenorth side of the court.These last-named buildings, which connect on the basement level and above thesecond floors, but which are separated on the first and second floors by an arch whichfurnishes an entrance to the court, have not been named, but they house the physiological group, which includes the Department of Physiology and the Department ofPhysiological Chemistry and Pharmacology. On the north these buildings adjoinFifty-eighth Street, but they have no direct entrances from this street, small entrances being provided, however, from the passageway between the buildings.The general plan will be seen to provide that all hospital rooms are placed togive the advantage of Midway frontage and southern exposure, while the laboratoriesare placed to the north. This has the added advantage of directing all hospital trafficalong Fifty-ninth Street, and of keeping patients and visitors from crossing any partof the University quadrangles, while students enter the laboratories and clinics directly from the quadrangles. The plan also provides space for additions to any of theunits which may require additional facilities, and provides for new units which maybe added to the group.THE UNIVERSITY CHAPELThe construction of the University Chapel has steadily proceededsince ground was broken August 28, 1925, although progress has ap-42 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDpeared to be slow as so much of the work has been below ground. Thecornerstone was laid June n, 1926. The walls have risen as far as thegreat windows, which are the significant characteristic of the building.The Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue Associates, architects, have furnished the following facts with reference to the chapel:The building is 265 feet 2 inches long and 73 feet 7 inches wide across the naveand aisle. There is a forty-one foot span between the nave piers. This entire spaceprovides for the accommodation of nearly 1,750 people, exclusive of the seats to beplaced in the sanctuary, choir, and choir gallery. All these are within hearing distanceof preacher or speaker. Ample height is given to this room, the crown of the vaultedceiling being 79 feet 5 inches above the floor, while the ridge of the copper roof is noless than 102 feet above the normal grade fine.In addition to the huge size, which, however, was regulated by the number ofsittings together with the desire for a noble height, another feature is relied upon toinsure dominance of the Chapel among the buildings of the University. These buildings must necessarily be broken up by their nature and use into small bays or units.The architect of the Chapel decided to divide the sides into five bays only, each 39feet 8 inches wide. This feature constitutes the main claim to originality or ratheradvance in design. The three great arches so produced in the nave are impressive onthe side elevation, forming deep shadows over the windows, never attempted in thiswise before.% Internally, the vaults are of glazed acoustic tile with unobtrusive ribs markedmainly by their color. Here is a difference from the stone vault of the Middle Agesand of modern English church-building where the rib is the foundation of the vaulting, the web between supported upon it. Mr. Goodhue had long considered thispoint, namely, that with the Guasta vino vault the whole surface consists of bearing-material, equally loaded in every direction ; and the ribs, therefore, become merely theintersections, needing no stronger scantlings than any other part.Much thought has been given to the decoration of this vault; and a dome latelyput up in the Nebraska state capitol justifies expectation of best results.The woodwork of the galleries, the organ cases, choir seats and pews, will beconstructed of gray-stained American oak. The windows will be in simple patternsof horn-colored, specially made glass; the floor of ragged- jointed slate with a moreelaborate marble floor for the choir.Upon the exterior of the building will be placed numerous statues,several of them of more than life-size. These will represent five great historical characters, five statesmen, five scientists, five philosophers, fourpoets, and three "saints." In addition there will be carved representations of Presidents Harper and Burton.The cost of the Chapel will reach the sum of $1,900,000, it is estimated.THE CHAPEL FOUNDATIONS JANUARY 1 , 1926 LOOKING NORTHTHE CHAPEL, JANUARY 1 .1927 LOOKING NORTHWESTPROGRESS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE UNIVERSITY CHAPELBRIEF RECORDS OF THE QUARTERRecent gifts announced by the University Board of Trustees include the following :From Mr. Julius Rosenwald, a giftof $5>ooo toward the publication costs oftwo textbooks, one on Public WelfareAdministration and one on Housing.Mr. Frederick H. Rawson has presented to the University a Julien Friezanemometer, sunshine recorder, and windvelocity recorder, and a Leeds and North-rup temperature-recording device.From Mr. Jesse L. Rosenbergercomes an additional gift of $1,500, making the permanent principal of theColver-Rosenberger Scholarship Fund$4,000; and also an additional gift of$400, bringing the Colver-RosenbergerEducational Prizes Fund to $3,000.The Visiting Nurses' Association ofChicago has offered to contribute $50 amonth to the support of the work ofRush Medical College and the CentralFree Dispensary.It is announced that the total giftspaid in to the credit of the DevelopmentFund to September 7, 1926, amount to$9,253,654, while the total pledged approximates $13,000,000. Since June 10,1926, when the last report was made tothe Board of Trustees, a total of $243,-177 has been pledged. This latter figureincludes the following gifts: Frank P.Hixon, $200,000; anonymous, $15,000;Lewis E. Myers, $8,500 ; and J. M. Hopkins, $5,000. *- 'Mr. Sidney Loewenstein, of Chicago, has given to the University a five-hundred-dollar bond as an initial gifttoward a memorial fund to be entitledthe "Jane Morgenthau Fund." Miss Mor-genthau, who graduated in 192 1, continued her loyal interest in the Universityup to the time of her death in July ofthis year.Howard K. Morse, who served as Instructor in Drawing and Design in theDepartment of Art during the summerquarters of 1923 and 1924, subsequentlywas awarded a scholarship by the Carnegie Corporation last spring. The awardprovided for a year of foreign travel andstudy. In a letter recently written from Hamburg, Mr. Morse mentions that sinceSeptember he has visited many schools inEngland and Holland. He expects to seerepresentatives of art schools in Germany,Prague, Vienna, Switzerland, and Franceduring the latter portion of the year1926, and to return to London for theremainder of the school year.' Professor Emeritus Ira M. Price, hasjust put through the press, under thefirm of Hinrichs, Leipzig, Germany, TheGreat Cylinder Inscriptions (A and B) ofGudea (about 2450 b.c.) and his Statues, with Transliteration, Translation,Notes, Full Vocabulary, and Sign Lists.This constitutes Volume XXVI of theAssyriologische Bibliothek edited byFriedrich Delitzsch and Paul Houpt. Thetext of the above-named cylinders hadalready appeared as Volume XV in thesame series.Announcement is made of the degreesconferred at the One Hundred Forty-fourth Convocation of the University onDecember 21. In the College of Arts,Literature, and Science there were 81candidates for the Bachelor's degree; inthe School of Commerce and Administration, 14; in the School of Social Service Administration, 1; and in the College of Education, 15, a total of *iii. Inthe Divinity School six higher degreeswere conferred ; one in the Law School ;one in Commerce and Administration;and four in Social Service Administration. The Graduate Schools of Arts, Literature, and Science had 40 candidatesfor the degree of Master of Arts or Science and 14 for that of Doctor of Philosophy, a total of 54. In Rush MedicalCollege 16 candidates received the degree of Doctor of Medicine, and 16, thefour-year medical certificate, a total of32. The total number of degrees andcertificates conferred at this Convocation was 209.Among the graduates were a Hollander, a Hindu, two Japanese (one a woman with Phi Beta Kappa honors and onea candidate for the degree of Doctor ofPhilosophy), and four Chinese.4344 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDAmong the important new books announced by the University of ChicagoPress for early publication are the following :Some Mexican Problems (Harris Foundation Lectures), by Moises Saenz andHerbert I. Priestley ; Aspects of MexicanCivilization (Harris Foundation Lectures), by Jose Vasconcelos and ManuelGamio ; Christianity in the ModernWorld, by Ernest DeWitt Burton; Public Welfare Administration, by Sophon-isba P. Breckinridge;. The Developmentof Virgil's Art, by Henry W. Prescott;and Studies in Optics, by A. A. Michelson.New impressions of successful booksinclude those of English Poems, Volumes III and IV, by Walter C. Bronson ;Ancient Records (five volumes), byJames Henry Breasted; Social Controlof Business, by J. Maurice Clark; TheStory of the New Testament, by EdgarJ. Goodspeed; The Nature of the Worldand of Man, by Sixteen Members of theFaculty of the University of Chicago;and An Introduction to Spanish Literature, by George T. Northup.At the recent meeting of the NationalAcademy of Sciences in Philadelphia theresult of years of patient scientific experiment by one of the world's leadingphysicists and a staff of assistants wassummed up in the announcement byProfessor A. A. Michelson, former headof the Department of Physics at the University of Chicago, that his most recentinvestigations show light travels at therate of 299,796 kilometers per second.The old rate, as used in close scientificresearch, had been established at 299,860kilometers a second, or 64 kilometersmore than that determined by Dr. Michelson in his latest experiment.The speed of light, it has been foundin the Michelson experiments in Chicagoand California, is constant and is a mostimportant scientific standard of measurement which has been made more exactthan the old statement that light speedsthrough space at the rate of 186,000 milesper second. Through the past summerProfessor Michelson worked from threein the morning till dawn with his revolving mirrors, flashing a beam of lightfrom Mount Wilson to Mount San Antonio and back again, a total distance offorty-four miles, and recording its speedwith a precision never before attained.In making announcement of his experi ment before the Academy of SciencesProfessor Michelson stated that the results with five different sets of revolvingmirrors showed a remarkably close agreement.One of the most distinguished Englishscholars in his field, Herbert BrookWorkman, LittJD., D.D., principal ofWestminster Training College (Methodist), Westminster, London, has accepted an invitation to give two regularcourses in the Divinity School duringthe present Spring Quarter. One of hiscourses will be on "Christianity and theRise of Democracy," and the other on"Christianity in Medieval Europe."Among his best-known books are TheChurch of the West in the Middle Ages(2 vols.), The Dawn of the Reformation, The Letters of John Huss, Persecution in the Early Church, and Foundations of Modern Religion..During the Autumn Quarter courseswere given in the Divinity School byProfessor Daniel Evans, of Harvard University, and Professor H. A. Newman, ofMercer University, Ga.; the former lecturing on the philosophy of religion andthe latter on English church history.In connection with the presentation of"Wychwood," the Charles L. Hutchinsonestate at Lake Geneva, to the state ofWisconsin as a permanent sanctuary fornative plants, birds, and small animallife, his widow, Mrs. Frances KinsleyHutchinson, announced the appointmentof a self-perpetuating board of threetrustees, one an authority on plant life,one eminent in bird knowledge, and thethird a business man. Dr. Henry Chandler Cowles, Head of the Department ofBotany at the University of Chicago, hasthe honor of being appointed the firstchairman of the board.Mr. Hutchinson for over thirty yearswas Trustee and Treasurer of the University of Chicago and was also the donor of Hutchinson Hall and the Hutchinson fountain.Mr. Hutchinson was especially interested in flowers and bird life, and Mrs.Hutchinson was for many years president of the Wild Flower PreservationSociety. During her presidency a fundwas established at the University of Chicago for the study of the germination ofseeds of wild flowers.Official announcement is made thatBRIEF RECORDS OF THE QUARTER 45Professor Anton J. Carlson, chairman ofthe Department of Physiology, has-beenelected foreign member of the Royal Society of the Natural Sciences in Upsala,Sweden. Dr. Carlson, who has been connected with the Department ,of Physiology in the University of Chicago foroyer twenty years, is a Fellow of theAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science and a member of theNational Academy of Sciences. He hasalso been president of the American Physiological Society, and is widely knownfor his scientific contributions to American and German journals of physiology,especially for his researches on the nature of hunger, gastric secretion, and metabolism. Among his publications is thewell-known volume on Control of Hunger in Health and Disease, published bythe University of Chicago Press.Associate Professor Emery T. Filbey,of the College of Education, Universityof Chicago, who for three years has beenthe successful Dean of University College(downtown), has been released from instructional duties for a year and will represent the University in its relations withthe Alumni. The results of the efforts ofthe Alumni in securing their notable partof the Development Fund are indicationof their devotion and willingness to servethe University ; and Mr. Filbey will conserve this spirit of co-operation. As apart of the proposed effort he will organize and supervise a vocational bureaufor ex-students and graduates.Dean Filbey was graduated ten yearsago from the University, with the degreeof Bachelor of Philosophy in Education.In 1919 he was appointed Assistant Professor of Industrial Education, and thefollowing year received the degree ofMaster of Arts. In 1923 he was madeAssociate Professor and Dean of University College."Milton : Poet of a Changing Age" wasthe subject of a public lecture on "Creative Personalities," December 7, at theArt Institute, in the series designed bythe University of Chicago to give citizens of Chicago the latest results of scholarship and research. The lecturer wasProfessor David H. Stevens, of the Department of English. December 14, DeanShailer Mathews, of the Divinity School,lectured at the same place on "Paul andthe Life of the Spirit."In the second series of public lectures, on "Problems of the Average Investor,"which the University gave at the ArtInstitute, the lecture on December 9 discussed "Building and Loan and Miscellaneous Investments." The speaker wasLloyd W. Mints, of the Department ofEconomics. December 16 Samuel H. Ner-love, of the School of Commerce and Administration, spoke on "Life Insuranceas an Investment"; and December 23,Francis Knight, assistant manager of thebond department of the Illinois Merchants Bank, gave "Analysis of TypicalInvestment Accounts."In the third series, on "The Nature ofthe World and of Man," given in Fuller-ton Hall of the Art Institute, December3, Professor Harvey Brace Lemon, of theDepartment of Physics, had for his subject "The Dance of Molecules and Flightof Electrons"; and in the two closinglectures of the course, December 10 and17, Professor Julius Stieglitz, chairmanof the Department of Chemistry, discussed "The Nature of Chemical Processes."The sporadic flaming of gang warfarein Chicago starts the question of whatconditions lie back of these spectacularoutbreaks of crime. How are they possible in a civilized community ? Such questions as these are answered specifically ina new book issued by the University ofChicago Press under the title of TheGang.Its author, Professor Frederic M.Thrasher, spent six years in the study ofgangland — the poverty belt which surrounds Chicago's loop district. He livedwith gangsters, interviewed their leaders,and became intimately acquainted withgang life "from the inside." He foundin investigating over thirteen hundredgangs of all ages and types the factswhich explain many of the sensationalfeatures of gang life flaunted in the headlines,Many startling facts uncovered by theinvestigation are offered in the book,which contains a remarkable descriptionof gang life and explains the psychologyof the gangster. It traces also the widespread ramifications of gangdom in organized crime, politics, and bootlegging,and suggests a remedy.In making the announcement of agreat gift of $3,385,000 from the General Education Board for the new Medical School at the University of Chicago,46 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDPresident Max Mason called attention tothe magnitude of the medical programwhich the University is about to inaugurate with the opening of its beautifulGothic medical buildings covering twosquare blocks on the Midway. The newMedical School, one of the most modernand complete in America, will providehospital and clinic as well as facilities formedical study on a large scale in closeproximity to the established scientific departments of the University.The present gift, conditioned on theraising of $2,000,000 more for endowment, makes possible one of the mostsignificant programs of medical education and research ever attempted in theUnited States. This program will be partially supported by assets brought up to$20,000,000 by the present gift."Perhaps the most striking feature ofthe whole program," said President Mason, "is the establishment at the University of clinical departments which areto function in the Graduate School ofScience. This makes the medical sciencesa definite and integral part of the University, tying them up in a very effectiveway with premedical sciences which havebeen highly, developed in University ofChicago laboratories."Buildings rapidly nearing completionwill provide laboratories for physiology,physiological chemistry and pharmacology, medicine, surgery and pathology, forthe Albert Merritt Billings Hospital, andthe Max Epstein clinic. These units, according to Dr. Franklin McLean, of theDepartment of Medicine, will give theUniversity of Chicago facilities for teaching and research in these subjects secondto none in America.As an integral part of the medical program will be conducted the work of theDouglas Smith Foundation for MedicalResearch, supported from the income ofthis $1,000,000 fund. The Convocation Orator at the University of Chicago, December 21, wasHon. Katherine Hancock Goode, a member of the Illinois Legislature from thecity of Chicago, whose subject was"Woman's Stake in Government."In her earlier life Mrs. Goode, who isthe wife of Professor J. Paul Goode, ofthe Department of Geography, and themother of Kenneth Hancock Goode, S.B. '21, S.M. '23, was an instructor in theMinnesota State Teachers College, theFrancis School, Brookline, Massachusetts, and the William Penn CharterSchool, Philadelphia. In the Universityof Chicago community she has servedas president of the University of ChicagoSettlement League and the University ofChicago High-School Parents' Association.Her major interest has been in the civiceducation of women. Working throughthe Woman's City Club, the IllinoisLeague of Women Voters, and local civicorganizations, Mrs. Goode has long beenrecognized as a vital force in local political life. She has served as director ofthe Woman's City Club, as president ofthe Sixth Ward League of Women Voters, as director of the Woodlawn Community Center, and as member of theMunicipal Voters' League of Chicago.In 1924, Mrs. Goode was elected toserve as state representative in the Fifty-fourth General Assembly, where she wasa staunch advocate of economy in publicexpenditures, of the direct primary system of nominations, and of law enforcement. She was elected by her colleaguesin the House as one of four members ofthe State Council of the American Legislators' Association. In November she waselected to the Illinois Legislature by agreatly increased majority.ATTENDANCE IN THE AUTUMN QUARTER, 1926Arts, Literature, and Science:i. Graduate Schools — ¦Arts and Literature 1926 1925GainMen Women Total Men Women Total LossI369468 387122 756590 380443 329108 70955i 4739Science Total 83762090036 50955667441 1,3461,176i,57477 82358985030 43749774548 1,2601,0861,59578 86902. The Colleges-Senior Total i,5562,39311713568 1,2711,78032876 2,8274,173149216314 1,4692 , 29212772Q5 1,2901,727373S 2,7594,01916410345 6815411299Total Arts, Literature, andII Professional Schools:i. Divinity School —15Chicago Theological Seminary —Total. 19417725 S3231 24720026 168149242 45191 213168252 343242. Graduate Schools of Medicine —Ogden Graduate School of Science —Total 184121201452 2411982 208131391534 175n1051294 2011193 195111161487 132235Rush Medical College —Third-Year 3Total 2794612151265924021051 30543 309515229129592 24941517096551 3352841 282467178100• 561 27485i2931Total Medical Schools (Less3. Law School —Post-Graduate \Graduate /Candidates for LL.B Total 1766429 419764710 3221158 13853619 3359641. 27 84""64. College of Education — ¦17Total 16541431903 1171018493 133641612396 24591432203 1401216473 164711592676 2 3175. School of Commerce and Administration —28Total 39061 80591148 470651249 425611 78626107 503687117 526. Graduate School of Social ServiceAdministration —Graduate 371Total 81,4553,848297 824032,18328 901,8586,031325 8i,3553,647262 854122,13928 931,7675,786290 9i24535 3Total Professional Schools . . .Total University (in Quad-Net Total in Quadrangles 3,551 2,155 5,7o6 3,385 2,111 5,496 210[Continued on page 48]48 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDATTENDANCE IN THE AUTUMN QUARTER, 1926— Continued1926 1925Gain LossMen Women Total Men Women TotalUniversity College —Graduate 1919890158 399593216452 59o691306610 226109109232 336607263553 562716372785 28Senior 25Junior 66Unclassified 175Total 537 1,660 2,197 676 1,759 2,435 238Grand Total in the UniversityDeduct for Duplicates 4,08824 3,81525 7,90349 4,06133 3,87030 7,93163 2814Net Total in the University. . 4,064 3,790 7,854 4,028 3,840 7,868 14ATTENDANCE IN AUTUMN QUARTER, 1926Graduate Undergraduate UnclassifiedArts, Literature, and Science Divinity School Graduate Schools of Medicine —Ogden Graduate School of Science Rush Medical College Law School : . .College of Education School of Commerce and Administration Graduate School of Social Service Administration.Total in the Quadrangles.Duplicates Net Total in the Quadrangles.University College . . Grand Total in the University .Duplicates Net Total in the University .Grand Total , , i,3462122003°522964652,4212092,2125902,802142,7 2,75o188123400163,4791283,35i9974,348324,3J67,854 773564210691496143610753375oHERMAN NIELS BUNDESENConvocation Orator