The University RecordVolume XI JULY 1 925 Number 3EDITORIAL NOTEThe present issue of the University Record takes the fbrm of a me±morial edition devoted, for the most part, to the purpose of presenting to themembers and friends of the University an adequate account of the illnessand death of its third president, Ernest DeWitt Burton, and the texts of thepublic tributes that were paid him.So far as the tragic event itself is concerned, it will be sufficient to publish here the official statement which was issued to the press on the morningof May 26, when President Burton died. It follows:"President Burton underwent his first operation at the PresbyterianHospital April 24 for the relief of an intestinal obstruction. At that timethere was discovered an inflammation which was diagnosed as carcinoma ofthe bowel."As soon as he was able to be moved, following this operation, he wastaken to his home on Fifty-ninth Street, where he rested and was able todo some work. It was decided to perform an operation for removal of thecarcinoma growth, and this operation was performed on Wednesday, May 20."President Burton faced this second operation with the courageous andcheerful attitude characteristic of him. The operation was successful as regards removal of the growth, and at first it seemed that the president's extraordinary powers of recuperation would enable him to survive. However, itsoon became evident that the shock to his system, especially in view- of hisage, was very grave. Although he brought to bear upon his battle for life allthe will-power and faith that such a sufferer could muster, he steadily loststrength, and with the development of peritonitis last night it was seen thatno hope for Ms recovery could be maintained. Death ended his suffering atq: 41 today. (May 26.)167i68 THE UNIVERSITY RECORD"The carcinoma, it was declared by the president's physicians, had evidently been developed during some months past. No symptoms of the diseasehad manifested themselves, nor was a suspicion of its nature entertained untilthere occurred the closure of the bowel which made necessary the first operation."The funeral services were held in Leon Mandel Assembly Hall the afternoon of May 28, preceded by a commemorate chapel service for members of theUniversity. Addresses delivered on both of these occasions will be found in thisissue, beginning on page 174. Preceding them, there is presented, as emphasizing certain aspects of President Burton's personality and career, anarticle by Professor Edgar J. Goodspeed, one of those who worked mostintimately with the President.Reports of the June Convocation and other material usually forming themore prominent features of the Record are, in this issue, subordinated tothe contents of a memorial nature.Editor, University RecordPRESIDENT BURTONBy EDGAR J. GOODSPEEDI climb the hill; from end to endOf all the landscape underneath,There is no spot that does not breatheSome gracious memory of my friend.President Burton was born on February 4, 1856, in Granville, Ohio,where his father, Dr. Nathan S. Burton, was pastor of the Baptist Church.It is significant that Dr. N. S. Burton and his wife began to give classesfor young women in some rooms in the church, and this work was the beginning of Shepardson College for Women, now a part of Denison University. Dr. N. S. Burton was at one time Acting President of Denison,and he and Mrs. Burton are commemorated on the Shepardson campusby a residence hall which bears their name.Ernest DeWitt Burton passed his boyhood in Ann Arbor, Michigan,and Davenport, Iowa, and was graduated from Denison University in1876. After some teaching in academies and public schools, he completedhis theological course at Rochester Theological Seminary in 1882. Therehe studied under William Arnold Stevens, and a lasting attachment grewup between them. In the following autumn, as Dr. Stevens was to beabsent in Palestine, Mr. Burton was appointed instructor in New Testament for the year. His relation with Professor Stevens was later signalized by their publication together of a Harmony of the Gospels for HistoricalStudy, which appeared in 1893, and has had an extraordinary circulationand influence.In 1883 Mr. Burton was called to Newton Theological Institution,at Newton Center, Massachusetts, as associate professor of New Testament interpretation, and in December of that year he married FrancesMary Townson, of Rochester, New York. At Newton Mr. Burton rapidlydeveloped as a New Testament scholar. In 1886 he was made professor,and in 1887 he went abroad and studied for a time in the University ofLeipzig. When Professor William R. Harper came to Yale in 1886, Professor Burton soon found in him a kindred spirit. They were both youngmen, indeed they were of almost exactly the same age, Professor Burtonbeing six months Professor Harper's senior. They were both Baptists,and both teachers of the Bible. In his friendship with Dr. Harper, Pro-169170 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDfessor Burton formed the second of those friendships which so largelyshaped his life and career. When in 1891 Dr. Harper accepted the presidency of the University of Chicago, his mind immediately fixed upon Professor Burton for the New Testament chair. He had great difficulty however in persuading him to accept the appointment, and it was only Professor Burton's ultimate conviction that a university would give opportunity for a broader and more normal development of New Testamentstudies that brought him to Chicago in 1892.Professor Burton came to Chicago as head professor of New Testament literature and interpretation, and he remained head of the department in both Graduate School and Divinity School, for thirty-three years.His work was several times seriously interrupted by illness, but duringthis one full generation he exercised through his classroom, his department, his public lectures, his articles and editorials, and his frequentbooks, an influence upon biblical study that was prodigious. From thebeginning he was very close to President Harper, with whom he worked inthe closest harmony on the Biblical World and later on the AmericanJournal of Theology. Together they projected the " Constructive BibleStudies," which now numbers nearly thirty volumes, and to it each contributed a number of books. Indeed Professor Burton's last act beforeaccepting the presidency of the University in 1923 was to turn over to theUniversity of Chicago Press the manuscript of A Source Book for the Studyof the Teaching of Jesus, to appear in the companion series of "Handbooksof Ethics and Religion." So persistent was his determination to popularizethe results of the historical study of the New Testament.Dr. Burton's extraordinary powers were of course soon felt beyondthe limits of his department and his special field of study. He possessedin a remarkable degree that kind of genius which has been describedas an infinite capacity for taking pains. He became a member of theCommission on Library Building and Policy appointed upon PresidentHarper's recommendation in 1902. Dr. Burton was made chairman ofthis Commission, and led in shaping the great plan for the development ofthe Harper Library group in which its work resulted. The grasp oflibrary problems and policies which he showed in this work led to his appointment as Director of University Libraries, in 1910, and the experience he had gained in planning University buildings was to stand him ingood stead when he became President.In 1908-9 Professor Burton and Professor Thomas C. Chamberlinwere sent to China by the University, as a commission to investigate theeducational condition and needs of the Orient. Previous visits to EuropePRESIDENT BURTON 171had been made the occasion of a careful inquiry into English and continental educational methods, and Dr. Burton returned from China in 1909with an educational outlook which few men could equal. As Chairman ofthe Board of Education of the Northern Baptist Convention (191 1-) hebecame more and more interested in specific educational problems andbroad educational policies in America. This interest in denominationalaffairs culminated when in 1918-19 he organized the Board of Promotionof the Northern Baptist Convention, in the effort to give greater unity andeffectiveness to denominational missionary and educational effort.In the course of this period Professor Burton served more than once asActing President of the University. A few years later Professor Burton wasagain called upon to visit China as head of a Commission on ChristianEducation in China, which was sent out by the Foreign Missions Conference of North America in 1921-22. On this visit to China as on his earlierone, he was accompanied by Mrs. Burton and their daughter, Margaret,although they did not share his laborious journey up the Yangtsze-Kiangin 1909. From their visit to China in 1908-9, Miss Burton brought backthe materials which afterwards went into her book on The Education ofWomen in China. Professor Burton's report on his second Chinese missionwas welcomed by those who had sent him, as a work of epoch-makingsignificance, and this response to his work and the policies to which itled gave him great satisfaction.He had hardly returned from this mission and completed his report onit when President Judson announced his intention of retiring from thepresidency of the University. The committees appointed to nominate hissuccessor proposed Professor Burton, and on January 9, 1923, he waselected Acting President. Six months later he was made President.Probably no one connected with the University at the time will everforget the thrill of new life that ran through the University as soon ashe took command. He at once threw himself into the work of the presidency with all his characteristic intellectual energy. Although he wasnearly sixty-seven years old when he was made Acting President, hismental faculties were in their prime. He welcomed the manifold and intricate problems of organization and finance which awaited him, andattacked them with the utmost zest. He at once carried through theNorthern Baptist Convention the long-desired change of that clause inthe University's charter which had required that the President should bea Baptist. At the same time the Board of Trustees was increased fromeighteen to twenty-five members, the proportion of Baptist trusteesbeing changed from two-thirds to three-fifths. He greatly strengthened172 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDthe work of the colleges by doubling the number of deans and enablingthem to give much more time to consultation, so that under the leadership of Dean Ernest H. Wilkins the morale of the colleges soon showeda marked improvement.Dr. Burton had long been a leading member of the Hyde ParkBaptist Church, and he now took an active part in the Sunday services inMandel Hall, accompanying the preacher to the platform and opening theservices himself. He accepted many invitations to speak, especially inChicago, and for all these occasions he made careful preparation, oftenactually writing what he wished to say. In his desire to bring the city andthe University together, he instituted public lectures by distinguishedprofessors from the University at Orchestra Hall, and formally invitedthe people of the city to attend. These lectures proved remarkably successful in interesting the people of Chicago afresh in the University andits work.He carried through the organization of the University's medical work,consolidating the Rush Medical College with the University, and securing Dr. Franklin H. MacLean as professor of Medicine and Dr. Dallas B.Phemister as professor of Surgery. He completely revised the plans forthe Medical School and the Billings Hospital, fixing on a new site of twoblocks for them on the north side of the Midway, and securing the vacation of Ingleside Avenue so as to throw the two blocks into one.The President took up the University's building campaign with thegreatest energy. He found in the treasury great funds for definite building projects, but in no case were these sufficient for the buildings required.It was his task to bring the funds up or the costs down to a point whereeach building could be erected. The first structure to be begun was theTheology Building, for which ground had been formally broken in 1916.President Burton presided and made the address at the laying of thecorner stone on November 6, 1924. On November 17, he presided at thecorner-stone laying of the Rawson Laboratory of Medicine and Surgery,on the site of the Rush Medical College building.The corner stone of the Joseph Bond Chapel was laid on April 30,1925, but the President was not able to be present. He had been taken tothe hospital the week before for a serious intestinal operation. He was ofcourse unable to be present when on May 7 ground was broken on Fifty-eighth Street for the great medical group in which his hopes and effortshad been so greatly engaged. About the same time work was begun atFifty-seventh Street and Ingleside Avenue, on the Whitman Laboratoryof Experimental Biology, the gift of Professor and Mrs. F. R. Lillie. ThePRESIDENT BURTON 1 73President was thus stricken down in the very midst of the first great results of his labors. He had also been actively engaged upon the plans forthe University Chapel, and hoped soon to see that building begun.Almost immediately after becoming President, Dr. Burton hadgreatly expanded his administrative staff by the appointment of vice-presidents and of assistants to the president, and with these and otherofficers of administration he began a survey of the needs of the University, with a view to a great campaign of development. The result was theplan to seek to add seventeen and a half million to the University's resources in 1925, with the further aim of doubling its present resources by1940. The movement began most successfully among the trustees, andwas continued with similar success among the alumni. Other friends immediately came forward with large gifts. The Wieboldt Foundation undertook to provide the much needed Modern Language Building, and Mr.Douglas Smith with whom the President had conferred in the winter inCalifornia, gave a million dollars for medical research. The public announcement of this great gift appeared in the morning papers of May 20,and the President had the satisfaction of seeing it before he went into the3second operation, from which he did not recover. He died on the morning of Tuesday, May 26, at the age of sixty-nine.Upon the news of his death, nearly five hundred letters and telegramscame to Mrs. Burton and Miss Burton, from people far and near who hadcome to value his friendship. The great task he had set himself was onlyhalf done, but that half is a magnificent monument. He fell, like his greatkinsman, Stonewall Jackson, at the height of his powers and in front of hislines.THE COMMEMORATIVE CHAPELSERVICEThe commemorative chapel service, held May 28 at noon, in LeonMandel Assembly Hall, gave a very large representation of the studentbody an opportunity to honor the memory of the late President, and tolisten to addresses by three members of the Faculty who had been closelyin association with him. The service was opened with prayer by Rev.Charles W. Gilkey, pastor of the Hyde Park Baptist Church and Trusteeof the University. Addresses were then made by Professor John M.Coulter, Head of the Department of Botany, representing the GraduateSchools; Dean Ernest H. Wilkins, of the Colleges of Arts, Literature, andScience; and Professor Theodore G. Soares, the University Chaplain.These addresses are here published in the order of their delivery.PROFESSOR COULTER'S ADDRESSIt would seem natural for the Faculty and students to emphasize atthis time their great loss. It is not helpful, however, to brood over losses.Our effective attitude is to recognize our gain in having come into contact with such a man as our great leader, to realize what we have securedfrom him in the way of inspiration and to feel that our best monumentto him is to respond to this inspiration in our own lives.In my long contact with President Burton I recognized that he mighthave been likened to a power-house, ready to connect up with anyworthy enterprise and suffuse it with his dynamic spirit. This culminated,as we know, in the greatest of his enterprises, the development of thisUniversity, so that it may represent the best results in education, bothin quality of research and in quality of student output. Research meansexploration of unknown territory. Student output means a continuationof explorers and cultivators, carrying on the spirit that they received.He was a man surcharged with ideals, but he was not an idealist.Combined with his visions, there was a wonderfully practical side to hisnature, which was both interested and competent in working out the necessary details. Many of us have ideals, but either they may be unpractical, or we may be unable to formulate the practical details. One of theoutstanding qualities of our leader was this possession of what may becalled "practical idealism"; and he seemed to be fully as much interested174THE COMMEMORATIVE CHAPEL SERVICE 175in working out the details as in formulating the ideals. Some leaders haveideals, but are not practical, and therefore get nowhere. Other leaders arevery practical, but with no ideals, and therefore they settle down intomere routine. But President Burton combined the two qualities to a veryremarkable degree.Another notable quality was the breadth of his interest. He was adistinguished specialist in research and publication in a particular field,but his interest was far broader than his specialty. Instead of digging himself into a pit in the development of one subject, he always stood on amountain top, so that his perspective included all the activities and interests that are visible. This was really a world-vision, for it included notmerely the varied activities and interests of this University, or even ofthis country, but also extended most effectively into other countries, notably the Orient.Such a man could not fail to be an inspiration to all with whom hecame into contact; and our duty, as well as our best memorial, is to carryforward this spirit in our own lives— to develop a breadth of vision andinterest that will make us cosmopolitan rather than provincial.Another notable quality was his personal interest in young people.He was not content to limit his personal interest to friendly contactswith his colleagues or with the scholar class in general. He was intenselyinterested in the student group, in their activities and their many problems, and ready at all times to use his training and influence to help themdevelop into well-equipped men and women, both intellectually andsocially. He was a real student friend, and had the student interest atheart. He knew that the various departments of the University wouldtake care of formal education, but he recognized that the personal equipment developed by social contacts is no less important, making for successor failure in life. I remember an illustration he once used to me as abotanist. He said, "Our departments are sowing the seed and cultivatingthe soil, but a good crop needs also a proper atmosphere." In other words,he was intensely interested in the university atmosphere in which students must live and work.I have indicated in very general terms some of the personal equipmentof President Burton, which resulted in making him so effective in hisvaried interests and contacts. A sketch of his fife, from boyhood to itsculmination, shows that his stimulating equipment was an initial equipment rather than an acquired one.Equipped with this stimulating nature, President Burton started onhis life-journey. Like a compass, this stimulus directed that journey176 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDtoward the pole star of success. Too many people stop with what may becalled "material success," or the success of position, and do not recognizethe fact that such success is only a basis for spiritual development. Material success is like laying a foundation upon which a spiritual temple isto be erected. Too may so-called successful men are merely foundationswith no temple. His life is a challenge to us. How many of us, in addition to our daily material tasks, are building our lives into such a temple? We must make not only a living, but also a life.President Burton will always be with us in the form of his enduringspirit, which should propagate itself through us in every direction. Thisthought always suggests to me what may be called the "parable of theTree."The tree is a very enduring structure, through many years puttingout its foliage and flowers and fruits. Most people probably think thatthe persistent framework of a tree is built up from the solid materialsobtained from the soil — visible material that can be handled. This is farfrom true. The solid, abiding framework of the tree, the framework thatenables it to stand firmly, that endures when everything else in its bodyhas disappeared, is not built up from visible soil materials, but from aninvisible gas that permeates the air. The tree, therefore, teaches us thatthe visible things disappear while the invisible things endure. The lessonis that it is our spiritual development that endures when our material development disappears. The spiritual things of life are enduring; the material things are transient.This parable certainly applies to our friend and leader. It is his spiritthat counts and it is enduring. Our thought today, therefore, is not oneof disappointment, but of triumph that such a spirit has been infused intoour organization, expressing itself in relatively temporal things, but bestof all carrying us forward spiritually, so that our lives will stand for something permanent in influence, rather than something that vanishes.DEAN WILKINS' ADDRESSWe have gathered here to begin remembering together. That it mustbe a "remembering" is a tragedy for us — a tragedy of overshadowingdarkness. And yet the very cause of our gathering is this : The man whomwe have lost was such that we have turned to him, and shall still turn tohim, for light.We shall remember what he did. Where will you find a life more richin action — and in action that was always serviceable, ever seeking andever creating a greater fulness of life for his fellow-men? Action that tookTHE COMMEMORATIVE CHAPEL SERVICE 177him as minister into the heights and depths of human experience; thatsent him as devoted traveler across the continents of human need; thatbrought him as discoverer into the fuller knowledge and the fuller revelation of the central life of all history. And then, his own work done, andnobly done, an eventide of beneficent tranquillity before him, there cameto him a new day, a day of sunlit, windswept energy, a day for the fullstriving of reborn, vigorous youth. What he achieved in that day of twobrief years we already know in some measure. Yet we shall enter into thefulness of that achievement only as the years bring the fruition of all thathe had planned. Did ever life of service have so dramatic, so splendid,a final phase? It is a challenge to every one of us to believe, with mindand will, that indeedThe best is yet to be,The last of life for which the first was made.We shall remember what he said: words of truth and encouragementspoken in prized companionship; words of ripe wisdom spoken in council;words of vision spoken in public address and recorded for our continuingguidance and inspiration. Listen again to some of these words :The central business of a college is, I believe, to develop .... personalitiescapable of a large participation in life and of a large contribution to life But if this is the central business of the college, what are the specific things thatit ought to do for all its students? Three things, as I see it. First, a college ought toenable all its students to place themselves in the world, to recognize where they are.It ought to help each student to acquire such a knowledge of the physical universe, ofthe history of the race, of the structure of society, and of the nature of the individual,that, taking his stand at the center of his own being, he may have a sense of wherehe is The second thing that a college ought to do for its students is to teach them tothink, not to follow precepts, not to practice an art according to fixed methods, or toplay a game according to the rules of the game, but to observe facts, to set them inrelation to one another, to view them dispassionately, to draw conclusions from them.The impulse to do this is ... . inborn; but it needs encouragement, development,practice, intensification. The thinker, dispassionate but acute, is one of the world'sgreat needs.The third thing that is necessary to the achievement of the business of the collegeis the development of character. If once we thought that an education that consistedin the acquisition of facts was all that was needed to make democracy safe for itselfand the world, we have surely been thoroughly disillusioned. Breadth of knowledge,power to think, are indispensable prerequisites to large participation in life or largecontributions to life. But apart from high moral character they are not only inadequatebut positively dangerous. And because this is so, no institution that undertakes togive these former things can escape the obligation to concern itself for the latter also.And if that is the business of the college, of his college, surely it is the178 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDbusiness of the college student", and most of all of you, his students, tomeet him halfway in this great endeavor: to win this dominant centrality,not as a point of rest but as a point of departure for new conquest; to trainto the utmost the power of your needed thought; to use your leadership,as he used his, for the enrichment of human life.We shall remember what he was — his simplicity, his dignity, his uttergenuineness; his trust, his loyalty; his vision, his courage, his faith. Howmuch he has given to the thousands whom he has touched! And howmuch of what they in turn shall give to others, and they to others still,through the generations, is born of the noble life of his spirit! Oh, for athrong of men, for a college of men, for a city of men, for a world of men,in whom that spirit shall prevail!We shall remember what he was, and what he said, and what he did.And when that triple memory may shine through grief it shall be luminousin its beauty, and joyous in its power.ADDRESS OE CHAPLAIN SCARESAll great lives are simple. It is the lesser men whose motives are complex and whose character is difficult to understand. The interpretation ofPresident Burton is to be found in a noble statement in that letter of Paulto which he devoted twenty-five years of exacting study: "Ye were calledfor freedom, only use not your freedom for an occasion to the flesh."Because we are free we must do right.He was a passionate advocate of liberty. Any attempt to curtail freedom of thought and of utterance excited his indignation. Against thosewho would exact conformity from others he stood valiantly and withoutflinching. And he was as much concerned for freedom for men whoseviews differed from his own as he was for those who agreed with him. Butfreedom to him was not a luxury to be enjoyed, it was an obligation to bedischarged. If you are free you must find out what is right and you mustdo what is right.That gave him what was central in his character — the sense of right.I have never known a man more single-minded. He was sometimes uncertain of the course to pursue, for he would never make up his mind tillhe had all the facts; but the determination of conduct was always thesense of right.From this came his great religious faith.Right is right, since God is God,And right the day must win.To doubt would be disloyalty,To falter would be sin.THE COMMEMORATIVE CHAPEL SERVICE 179He believed that we live in the universe of a righteous God, an EternalGoodness. Therefore it must always be right to be right.I remember an incident that revealed his horror of insincerity. Itwas in a great convention. The man who was speaking was carrying hisaudience with him. I did not myself like the address, but I could not tellwhy. Mr. Burton, who was sitting next to me, was distinctly disturbed.At last he could bear it no longer. I shall never forget the sternness of hisface as he said, "That man does not believe what he is saying." His ownutter sincerity detected the false note. He was not a harsh critic, but hehated untruth. He had read that man aright, for in a year he crumbledinto ruin.The sense of right was no mere academic propriety. It was a passionfor human righteousness. I remember a terrible sentence that fell from hislips. I have often quoted it but never before with Mr. Burton's nameattached. It was when the report of the Vice Commission was published.We learned for the first time some of the frightful conditions that prevailed in Chicago. We, living in security, suddenly found that a hideouscommerce in virtue was carried on almost before our eyes. The vilestpassions were exploited under protection of the authorities. Conscienceless men were buying and selling human souls. I saw Mr. Burton justafter he had read the report. He said, "I ought not to be teaching Greek;I ought to be killing somebody." He was the kindliest of men. He had nopersonal enemies. He had no sentiment of revenge. But he had the hothatred of wrong against the weak. It was an echo of the words of Jesus,"Woe unto him that causeth one of these little ones to stumble. It hadbeen better for that man that he had never been born; better for him thata millstone had been hanged about his neck, and that he had been drownedin the depths of the sea."Long before the duties of the presidency made him peculiarly responsible for the moral life of the University, he was greatly concerned aboutall that could help young men and women to live pure and noble lives.Hours of earnest conference regarding the conditions of student life; careful study of the results of experiment in other institutions; personal endeavors on his own part, for which he was never too busy — all this whenmany thought of him only as a New Testament scholar. I remember amoment of great sadness. It was one of those occasions that sometimeswe have seen here when flagrant immorality had occurred. He heard of itwith heavy heart and said: "Of what use is all that we can do in researchand scholarship if conditions like this prevail?" Purity of character wasalways to him the highest human value.It was his wide interest in the development of conditions of justice andi8o THE UNIVERSITY RECORDenlightenment among men that led him into many important fields outside of his own specialty. One of his eminent colleagues, realizing theextraordinary keenness of his scholarly ability, remonstrated with him,insisting that he should leave church affairs, denominational leadership,missionary development to other men. But nothing human was foreignto him, and he refused to lose touch with the great spiritual movementsof the day.And all this right that he sought for others he lived himself. In everysituation there must be some right thing that ought to be done; that thinghe sought and that thing he executed. Perhaps a large gift of moneystraining his resources, perhaps some personal kindness requiring time andthought, perhaps a visit to a friend when obligations were pressing heavilyupon him, perhaps an interview with a student whose special interestsmust be considered, perhaps a denial of some request which he would liketo have granted, perhaps a heavy task levying upon all his powers, perhaps some difficult explanation to one who had misunderstood his conduct,often the right thing to be done was some happy comradeship with thosehe loved; ever there was a present duty, a certain definite right, until hemet the last, unflinching, unafraid — "The cup that the Father hath givenme, shall I not drink it?"He was not a cold legalist, doing his duty because he must. He hatedlegalism. It was utterly opposed to the great Galatian epistle, to which hehad given such extraordinary study. Not a legalist, but an ardent, loving,free soul, seeking ever the thing that was right.PUBLIC FUNERAL SERVICESThe public funeral services for President Burton, which were heldbeginning at 2 : 30 p.m., May 28, took the form of a simple but impressivetribute of grief from the colleagues of the late President on the Facultiesand the Board of Trustees, and also of manifestations of sympathy by thegeneral public.Trustees and members of the Faculties, academically robed, accompanied the casket from the President's house to Leon Mandel AssemblyHall. The pallbearers were Nathaniel Butler, Assistant to the President;Professor James H. Breasted; Professor Edgar J. Goodspeed; ProfessorHenry G. Gale; J. C. M. Hanson, Associate Director of the Libraries;Dean Ernest E. Irons; Director Charles H. Judd; and Director A. A.Stagg. University Avenue, from Fifty-ninth to Fifty-seventh streets,was lined on both sides by members of the student body, who joined insilent tribute as the funeral procession passed. During its progress hymnswere played on the University chimes.Within Leon Mandel Assembly Hall the stage and a large part of themain floor were filled by members of the Faculties. With them weregathered a number of specially invited guests, including Senator CharlesS. Deneen, Mayor William E. Dever, heads of educational institutionsin Chicago, and directors of libraries. A large assemblage of other friendsof the University, many of whom had known President Burton personally, filled the boxes and other parts of the hall.Vice-President James H. Tufts was to have presided, but owing to theserious illness of his wife he was unable to be present, and PresidentEmeritus Harry Pratt Judson introduced the speakers, first presentinghis own public tribute.The addresses are here given in the order of their delivery, and inaddition there is published the address which Vice-President Tufts prepared for the occasion, but which he was unable to deliver.Rev. Theodore G. Soares, University Chaplain, opened the ceremonieswith Scripture reading, as follows:Fear thou not, for I am with thee; be not dismayed, for I am thy God. I willstrengthen thee, yea, I will help thee, yea, I will uphold thee with the right hand of myrighteousness.Our light affliction which is but for a moment worketh for us a far more exceeding181182 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDand eternal weight of glory, while we look not at the things which are seen but at thethings which are not seen. For the things which are seen are temporal, but the thingswhich are not seen are eternal.I have fought a good fight; I have finished my course; I have kept the faith.Henceforth there is laid up for me a crown of righteousness which the Lord shall giveme at that day.President Emeritus Judson then delivered his address.ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT EMERITUS JUDSONIt is difficult, impossible, to put into words adequately the suddenand overwhelming sorrow which has at this time come to the Universityof Chicago. We shall try only to express in some measure our appreciation of our lost leader as concerns a few phases of his many-sidedcharacter.It was my privilege to know him as a colleague in the Faculty fromthe first days of the new institution, from 1892. For many years we wereclosely associated in the administration. In a few words, I wish to bepermitted to speak on two points only that seem to me to have peculiarsignificance.He was always absolutely loyal to his duties. He never avoided anytask, no matter of what minor importance it seemed, if it was his duty.He felt that whatever fell to him to do he must do as well as in him lay.His work seemed in his eyes to have a certain personality. His was aconscience sensitive and imperative. This was why his industry was sotireless.Again, he had the rarest intellectual integrity. With lucid understanding he saw clearly the import of facts, and as he laboriously gathered themhe reached his conclusion, and when reached, he never shrank from veryfrank expression. In his scholarly work he had no reservation or evertried to deceive himself. There are some scholars who try to avoid theseresults in their own minds; they fear to break with the past because theyfear the future. With him there was but one practical thought and thatwas truth. This, again, in his case was conscience, all-dominating. As ascholar, as a thinker, as an educational leader, he was simply and whollya true man.I will introduce as the first of our speakers the President of the Boardof Trustees of the University, Harold H. Swift.MR. SWIFT'S ADDRESSIt has been a glorious two years. Called from the study and the realmof his books to the responsibility of administrative head of this greatPUBLIC FUNERAL SERVICES 183institution at a period in its development demanding hard and grindingwork which might have caused the strongest heart to quiver, he acceptedthe task with unflinching courage and eagerness and gave himself to hisduties unsparingly.As Director of Libraries he had been in a particularly good positionto secure an insight into all the educational activities of the University,and during the recent years his extensive travels in China and elsewherehad given him time and opportunity to consider carefully the University,its possibilities, its strengths, and its weaknesses. Moreover, the fact thathe was accustomed to being called into conference with President Harperand President Judson developed in him the habit of thinking of Universityproblems in a practical, active way, so that even though he had no ideathat he would be called upon to take the leading part in instituting hisideas, yet they were in his mind in a concise, clear fashion, in a way readyfor immediate development. He brought to the presidency a thoroughlydisciplined and open mind, eager to know and to disseminate the truth.His courage and vision and great enthusiasm have been a source of inspiration to all of us who had the privilege of working with him.When in January, 1923, he was asked to take the acting presidency,which became the presidency in July of that year, he asked franklywhether the acting presidency meant simply marking time, an interregnum, or whether they wanted an active, energetic administration. Mr.Ryerson promptly replied, "An active rather than an acting presidency,"and, while he made no answer at that time, his face lighted up and hiseyes kindled, probably at the thought of some of his cherished dreams.He had planned to devote his later years to complete long-contemplated literary tasks, but when he assumed the new and heavy responsibilities he turned to the work as though he saw his career before him.In our early conferences he sometimes referred to the time of his retirement when he should return to literary work, but in our more recent conferences he seldom referred to that, and one time, when he was especiallyenthusiastic over a project we were discussing in which we had high hopes,he said he wondered whether he could ever again settle down to the quietand inaction of the study.He was a part of the fine dreams and splendid achievements of President Harper and of the comprehensive and constructive accomplishmentsof President Judson. He brought to the presidency broad knowledge ofthe University, permitting him to take hold with a firm hand; definiteopinions as to its strengths, or weaknesses; thorough conviction as to whatthe University's place in the city and the nation should be; and a strong,courageous spirit to accomplish such ends.184 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDHis outstanding characteristics seem to me to have been his fine spiritof co-operation and his vision, coupled with unbounded enthusiasm forthe University and abiding faith in its future. Although he was a frailman, his strength was prodigious, and he faced his task with convictionand unflinching courage. Once when I remonstrated with him for working too hard, his quick reply was, "Only union hours, although at timesdouble-shift."He was one of the kindest men I ever knew. The human aspect, thesweet spirit of friendliness, was in everything he did, but he had a judicialmind, and allowed no preferences to deflect his action from the way ofduty. On two different occasions he said to me, "I hate awfully to do thatthing; it will seem unkind or unappreciative. But I see no other way."During the many years prior to his assumption of the presidency, hedemonstrated that he was a great scholar and a great teacher, and in theeve of his life he demonstrated no less ability as an executive and adminis-strator — a fitting climax to a worth-while career, and a fine ending for auseful life.It seems a calamity that he should be cut off after so short a time inthe midst of his power, but he has charted a course, has pointed a way,has given us precept and example. His influence and activities will befelt for years to come, and his efforts will continue to be an influence inthe high accomplishment of the University. He dreamed dreams and sawthe University as it should be, in the very foreground of education andservice for mankind. He inaugurated a plan and accomplished muchtoward fulfilment. If one hundred years from now posterity looks backon the history of the University and speaks of the Harper and Judsonregimes, each of a decade, and if historically speaking and from the pointof view of time this incumbency must be considered an interregnum, itcan only be thought of as an interregnum summa utilitate et perpetuo bono.To know him was to love him, to work with him was to be inspired.It has been a glorious two years.Dr. Judson: At this time it had been my expectation to call as thenext speaker Professor James H. Tufts, Head of the Department ofPhilosophy and one of the Vice-Presidents of the University, but owingto the very distressing and very serious illness of Mrs. Tufts he is obligedto be at the hospital and not with us.Dr. Tufts' appreciation of Dr. Burton will appear in the UniversityRecord, but I know that everyone here present will join in sending to himour most sincere and affectionate sympathy in this his time of great trouble.I will call now on Dr. Shailer Mathews, Dean of the Divinity School.PUBLIC FUNERAL SERVICES 185ADDRESS OF DEAN MATHEWSFor more than forty years Ernest DeWitt Burton lived the life of thescholar in a highly specialized field of research. During this period, biblical scholarship has passed through a succession of changes in methodand in points of view in which he shared and to which he made acknowledged contribution. Trained in the conventional type of biblical studywhich sought to arrive at doctrines already acknowledged, he early displayed an intellectual independence which led him repeatedly into newfields of research. The studies of the textual critics of the third quarterof the nineteenth century had reached results which subsequent studieshave modified only in detail. In no field of literature has there been a development of critical method comparable with that which reproduced theGreek text of the New Testament as it circulated in the second century.When as a young man of twenty-six President Burton devoted himself to his life-work, German scholars, from the days of Strauss, had soughtto estimate the historicity of the various New Testament books. Theinterest of American scholars when not apologetic was centered largelyupon exegesis, philology, grammar, and archaeology. It was these fieldsthat President Burton first entered. Especially did he make grammar andphilology his immediate interest. He set himself at once upon the independent study of the moods and tenses of the Greek verbs. In this fieldhe made his first noteworthy contribution to scholarship, and his treatiseupon the subject was a piece of work which the later studies, based uponnewly discovered fragments of colloquial non-literary Greek, have notdisplaced. He never lost his interest in grammar, but he did not becomemerely a grammarian. Even in those early days he began that painstaking study of words which gave him a leading position among the philologians. In his elaborate and exhaustive study, Pneuma, Psyche, andSarx, a study that extended across years and touched every occurrenceof these terms in the entire range of Greek literature, he produced atreatise which is all but unique in American scholarship. Among the earliest co-operative undertakings of the Department of New TestamentLiterature of the University of Chicago, of which for more than thirtyyears he was Head, was the preparation of an English dictionary of Greekterms. The work was never completed, but President Burton looked forward to the years of leisure which would follow his retirement from teaching as furnishing opportunity for the production of a work which, so faras I know, no American scholar at the present time contemplates, or,I suspect, would think of undertaking.It was with this highly specialized interest in the severe grammaticali86 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDand philological study of the New Testament that he began his work inthe Divinity School of our University. He became easily a leader of research, and for a generation he trained a large proportion if not the greatmajority of the teachers of the New Testament of America. He was askedto prepare a commentary on Paul's Letter to the Galatians for the International Critical Commentary, the same series to which President Harpercontributed a volume on Amos. The book was not finished for somethinglike twenty-five years, but, when it appeared, it was without a rival. Itsdetailed study of words and grammatical forms covers the entire rangeof biblical, classical, and later Greek literature. Every passage he examined personally.While he was carrying on this type of investigation, he was also pressing forward in the more adventurous methods of the historical student.Since the later decade of the nineteenth century, exegesis, grammar, andphilology have not sufficed for men who were unwilling to stop with thetext of the second century, and who wished to discover its history.Particularly have scholars sought to discover the origin of the SynopticGospels. It is a problem which has taxed the ingenuity and patience ofsome of the brightest minds of Europe and America. In the "DecennialPublications of the University," President Burton published an essayupon the origin of the Synoptic Gospels which has gained an almostclassical position in the literature of the subject. Here again his masteryof detail was extraordinary, and the results of his study transformed hisentire method of treating the New Testament. During his early years,in co-operation with the honored teacher, W. A. Stevens, he had produced a Harmony of the Gospels which has long held a standing position,but now in co-operation with Professor E. J. Goodspeed, he produced awork setting forth the results of his critical study of the structure of thefirst three gospels.But again the momentum of his interest carried him forward into newfields, and he devoted himself to an elaborate study of the Jewish literature and thought of the first century, with the aim of making a comparative study of the teaching of Jesus and his contemporaries. This was hislast published volume. It is marked by the severe research of his earlierworks, but also illustrates how his interests had passed from words toideas, from grammar to history.Such works as these would have given him a secure position amongspecialists, but he was never content to have only a single piece of workon hand. He regarded the needs of the church as far wider than those ofthe technical student. With characteristic eagerness, he produced booksPUBLIC FUNERAL SERVICES 187for general use in church and college. In co-operation with various members of the Divinity Faculty, he produced works on The Life of Christ,the biblical doctrine of the Atonement, and the reorganization ofSunday-school instruction. He wrote textbooks for Bible classes, a Lifeof Paul, a Commentary on Mark, an Introduction to the Gospels. He editedthe American Journal of Theology and the Biblical World. After PresidentHarper's death he assumed the chairmanship of the American Instituteof Sacred Literature, which reached thousands of students of the Biblein the churches.It would be hard to name a man in America who has had a largerand more healthful influence in the biblical study.But the man was greater than the scholar, and his contribution toliterature, great as it was, was less than the contribution of himself tohis students. Scholarship, by the very intensity of its demands, temptsits devotees to detach themselves from human interests. But PresidentBurton withstood this temptation. Possessing an astonishing capacity toinstitutionalize himself in organizations he was all but unique in hispower to impart himself to his students. His devotion to research wascontagious. His classes caught from him method and enthusiasm whichhave meant so much for the advancement of New Testament scholarship.His scholarship exhausted only a fraction of his indomitable activity.Because of his capacity to detach himself from personal interests and lookon reality of many sorts with level eyes, his former students found him aconstant source of sane and farsighted counsel. Men who barely knewhim were constantly appealing to him for advice. Those of us whom hehonored with his friendship found in him a trusted counselor. He possessed the lucid honesty of the scholar which at times was almost appalling.He estimated himself as impartially as he judged others. If he had anyweakness it was his belief that other men were as honest as he. He wasalways pressing up against the horizon of his knowledge and his faith.Repeatedly he has told me of his decision that in theological matterswhere he knew that he differed with less daring souls he would never intentionally shock the belief of others, but if pressed for an opinion hecould never compromise with his own integrity. And he was true to hisdeepest convictions. He was no conventional thinker, but neither was heone of those radicals who believe that they tell the truth only when theymake some hearer angry. As some men carry diseases, he carried honesty.He thought of practical affairs as severely and as impartially as he thoughtof grammar and word-studies. But behind his honesty with its inabilityto compromise, and his reserve that sometimes seemed coolness, was ai88 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDwarmth of kindliness and friendship which I do not trust myself to describe. His will was driven by strong emotions, and I have seen him angrybut never vindictive. That which stirred him most was insincerity. Hecould work with men who differed from him, but he could not honorsuccess purchased at the expense of honesty.His power of friendship was a veritable gift. He won men to him notonly because of his inherent lovableness, but because they trusted him.Like every strong man, he was ambitious, but his was an ambition formore service rather than mere honor. So he undertook the humblesttasks, to an extent which his friends believed was all but the theft oftime and physical strength that always seemed to be overtaxed.For forty years I have known him as teacher, colleague, and intimate friend. I do not expect ever to see his like again. The greatness whichhe has shown in the last few years we who loved him knew was his, andwe rejoiced that it could find opportunity for expression. A scholar andan administrator, an indomitable will to righteousness, a tender andsympathetic friend, a great soul that never sought its own advancementexcept in the service of others, he passed from us on a rising curve, withmuch work accomplished, but full of zest for larger service. In the church,in the University, in the wide world of education, but most of all in thehearts of those who knew and loved him, he will abide an undying force.He scarce had need to doff his pride or slough the dross of Earth —E'en as he trod that day to God, so walked he from his birthIn simpleness and gentleness and honor and clean mirth —He sits with those that praise our God for that they served His world.Dr. Judson: I will now call on Rev. Charles W. Gilkey.ADDRESS OF MR. GILKEYOn that dark Friday when the sudden word came that PresidentBurton was ill and had been taken to the hospital for an operation, therechanced to be here among us a man who, for the last two years, has beenmaking a special study of certain educational problems in twenty-fourrepresentative American institutions of higher learning. For twenty yearsbefore that he had lived and worked in at least three of our great universities. As we walked through Fifty-seventh Street that afternoon, I toldhim that Dr. Burton had gone to the hospital for an operation. His onlycomment was: "Well, I have spent the last two years in studying typicalAmerican colleges and universities. I have seen much of their presidentspersonally, and before that I had known rather intimately the presidentsof three or four other leading universities. Among them all, Ernest D.Burton is the king."PUBLIC FUNERAL SERVICES 189When I asked him why he thought so, he went on: "There are tworeasons. Other men also can think straight, though none straighter thanhe; and the other men also can plan wisely and see far, though nonefarther than he. But he has two distinctive qualities that are rare evenamong great educators. One is a certain spiritual quality that shinesthrough everything that he does. The other is his lovability. You simplycannot help loving him."Death, with its dark shadows and its long perspectives, has a strangepower to reveal suddenly and sharply things that in the light of commonday have passed unnoticed or only half -realized. All through what was sotruly said of Dr. Burton in the memorable chapel service this noon, andall through what has been said so truly here this afternoon, there runsthat same sense of a sudden revealing, in the light of which he stands forthnow before us more significant and greater than even we, who thought weknew him, realized him to be. But after all, what is thus true of him indeath was characteristic of him all through his life: he was continuallysurprising us with something more and better than we quite dared toexpect.Has it not been your experience, as it certainly has been mine, thattime and again when you went to him for counsel, expecting much, youfound yourself receiving even more than you looked for? We went to himwith a task, hoping for help and support, and what he gave was more eventhan we came seeking. He said once to a member of his family that henever dared refuse a hard job, for fear it might mean that he was losing orwould lose his power to master hard jobs. Because he has never stoppedgrowing, he has always had more and more to give. At the very crest of acareer of steady climbing, he has passed suddenly beyond our sight — at analtitude higher than we realize, until we stop to reckon how far he hastaken us, and where we are left without his guidance.It is appropriate for me to speak today of certain aspects and activities of Dr. Burton's life that have lain outside the academic field; of whichmany of his nearest neighbors have known little; without which no account, and still less any estimate, of him would be at all adequate.When he came to Chicago thirty-two years ago, he became a memberof what was then a little suburban church. Not only his heritage, but hispersonal interests and loyalties brought him there. And through theyears since he has served that church with equal devotion in matters greatand small. No task has ever been too humble to command his amazingcapacity for detail; into the very bricks of our building, as well as into thedignity of its decoration, his personal attention has gone. Within less than190 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDthree years of the time when he became President of this University, heagain assumed, as he had nearly thirty years before, the superintendencyof our Sunday school in an emergency, because of his continuing concernfor the religious training of young people.Over and over again he has said to me, "The thing that we have neverhad and must never have in this community or this church" — and howlike him this was — "is any feeling of distinction between town and gown.We are all neighbors together here." He was equally concerned that ourchurch life should prove that liberal theology and vital religion can gotogether. And there have been few who have done so much, and none thathas done more, to turn these two ideals of his into reality in the life of thechurch to which he always gave his best.His constant habit of giving his best to one task after another, asopportunities for larger service opened out before him, made him at lastone of the great servants and leaders of the Christian Church Universal.His own fellow-Baptists, whose heritage of spiritual liberty he prizedhighly, did not always fully understand him, but learned to turn to himcontinually for help on their hardest problems. With characteristic magnanimity he would forget or ignore his theological critics, while he thoughtout solutions for practical problems the urgency of which they did notalways realize. His was the constructive mind behind the reorganizationof our entire denominational machinery a few years ago. He had servedas vice-chairman and chairman of the American Baptist Foreign MissionSociety. His chairmanship for ten years of our Baptist Board of Education would alone have been a memorable contribution to the progress ofAmerican education. Twice he went to China, in answer to a still largersummons, to apply his developed powers of analysis and construction tothe educational problems of the new China which he loved; and to embodythe results in a report which for decades if not generations to come willinfluence the whole course of education in China. No wonder that inBritain, even more than in America, he has been looked upon as one of thefew great missionary statesmen of his generation.I well remember the day when he outlined to me the pros and cons ofhis last trip to China, with all the costs that it would involve for him — andthe costs proved greater than even he feared. He balanced the questionthus: "I think I ought to go. Does it seem to you that I am right?"Needless to say, he went; being the man he was, he could not have doneotherwise. Not less characteristic was his remark when I found him, lateone summer afternoon, just beginning his office hours as Director of theLibrary: "What golf gives other men in rest and change, I find in turningfrom the New Testament to Library administration."PUBLIC FUNERAL SERVICES 191So his life-history became a series of concentric circles of wideningrelationship and responsibility, each of which prepared him in somemeasure to step out into the next. So in larger measure than any of usknew, he had prepared himself for his last and greatest achievement.When at the age of sixty-seven he became President of this University, hemade a characteristic remark: "Other men have twenty years to do thiskind of thing, I have only three." As a matter of fact, he has had buttwo; but what he has done in those two brief years for this University andfor American education has already been indicated today, and will become plainer with the passage of the years. He met his last and greatestresponsibility with all the vigor and enthusiasm of youth, and yet with allthe ripe wisdom and balanced judgment of age. That extraordinary combination was characteristic of him to the very last. No man ever facedmore clearly or courageously the various possibilities of life and death, withwhich these last weeks have so suddenly confronted him. Twice duringthe critical days after his second operation the doctors said to him, "Nowyou must help us fight this thing through"; and twice he replied, simplyand characteristically, "I will."Inexorable as has been the fate of his embattled flesh, some of us cannot think of a spirit such as his has always been, except in terms of furthergrowth, larger tasks, new achievements, and more abundant life.It would not be right to close this service without some word about hisreligion; it would not be Ernest DeWitt Burton's funeral service, unlessthe triumphant note of vital religion were central and dominant in it. Noone knows better than I that any words about his religion must be inadequate, for the simple and the best of reasons, that he himself talked solittle about it, and lived so much. The best and the only adequate commentary on his religion was his own life.One aspect of it, however, is so significant for a community like oursthat it deserves our special recognition. It was his extraordinary capacityto hold together within the living unity of his own personal religion all thatsense of fact, that objectivity, that almost ruthless honesty that were socharacteristic of his scholarship; and along with these, the spiritual insight and enthusiasm and radiance that shone more and more brightlythrough and over all that he did. Some of us have felt strongly that thislatter spiritual quality has grown more and more evident and dominantduring his later years — though never at the cost of his sheer intellectualintegrity.Last July we crossed the Atlantic together, he on his way to Britainto study the great cathedrals for suggestions for our own new chapel, andI on my way to India to give the Barrows Lectures. My subject lay within192 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDhis own professional field, and we talked long hours about it as we walkedthe swaying deck. I never shall forget the way in which this characteristiccombination of sheer objectivity with spiritual insight was constantlyillustrated in those conversations. One moment we would be talking ofhistorical problems, on which his own critical views were very thoroughgoing and fearless — and the next moment he would be speaking personallyof some such religious matter as faith in God. One day he gave me his ownreasons for believing in God, and not believing in the devil; and they weresuch a refreshing combination of utter intellectual sincerity with religiousconviction that I shall always cherish the memory of that talk as one ofthe largest among my many great debts to him.Shortly after he became President of the University, he sent for me(partly, he said, because I was a member of the Board, and partly becauseI was his minister) to discuss one of the most intricate and difficult problems with which he was faced in his early administration. He began bymarshaling and analyzing the facts with that revealing clarity of which hewas such a master; and then suddenly he enunciated a principle in thelight of which these facts must be viewed, with the significant remark,"I got that principle straight from my study of the New Testament."The last talk that I ever had with him, shortly before his secondoperation, began in characteristic fashion: "I have three things that Iwanted to say to you" — and they were stated with all his definitenessand precision of mind. The first two were quite personal; but the lastbelongs now to all of us who love this University. He pointed to somenotes lying on the table before him, and said, "In the last two weeks Ihave seen more clearly than ever before in thirty years, what this University ought to be and may become; and I have been trying^ not verysuccessfully, to get it on paper. How I wish that I could dare hope that Imight be able to give it as an address at the June Convocation! What Iwant to say to you is, that in that future and for its realization, the moraland religious life of the University is more central and important than Ihave ever before realized it to be." That is the last thing he ever said tome; and I share it with you as a message which this University must neverforget.We who live in a community like this one find it easy to argue, andnot difficult to differ, as to whether these two contrasting characteristicsof Dr. Burton's personal religion can really be held together. In the lifeof the University, and in our own fives perhaps, they often appear as adilemma, between the horns of which we must choose. Heritage or temperament or habit inclines some of us to choose one way, and some thePUBLIC FUNERAL SERVICES 193other. So it becomes easy to specialize in intellectuality at the risk ofspirituality; or, in search of the latter, to run the risk of sentimentality.Among all the great things which Ernest DeWitt Burton has done for andgiven to this University, is not one of the most valuable this evidence ofhis own life that we need not face these two aspects of human experienceas alternatives between which we must choose, but rather as complementary parts of life, each of which may supplement and enrich the other?This University is dedicated to both: "Crescat scientia, vita excolatur."President Burton has given us not so much new arguments as betweenthe two, and not simply new evidence that they can be united; but evenmore fresh inspiration and faith for the perennial task of uniting them, notonly in our own personal experience, but also in the life of this University,which at least as much as any other American institution is dedicated totheir mutual "liberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable."One other of his last words comes with even deeper meaning to all ofus who are gathered here today. We have surely brought with us to thisservice a keen and a deepening sense of the difficulties and responsibilitiesand problems suddenly laid upon all of us, whatever our part or place inthe life of this University, by his calamitous death, at just this momentin the University's development when we seemed most in need of his continuing leadership. Only last week he said to his daughter, "Two thingssurprise me a little: one is that, looking backward, I have so few regrets;the other that, looking forward, what concerns me most now is to meetthis situation in the way in which it ought to be met."To all those of us who loved him and would have wished to see himspared all possible suffering, his own remark that he had few regrets hastaken on deeper and deeper meaning these last days, as we have learnedhow inexorable was the disease from which he suffered. But it is the otherword that comes to us here today like a personal message to every member and graduate and friend of the University of Chicago. "What concerns us most now is that we should meet this situation in the way inwhich it ought to be met."PRAYER BY CHAPLAIN SOARESPrayer and benediction was pronounced by the University Chaplainas follows:Our Father, we stretch out our hands, we lift up our hearts, we tryto see. Is there a hand that can take hold of ours? Is there one who cananswer our longings? Are there things that are not seen that are eternal?We know, we poor human folk, that we love one another; is love from thee,194 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDour God? Hast thou bound us together in families with this beautifullove, so tender and so strong that it never dies? Hast thou given us thesefriendships that are so true and so good? Hast thou bound the scholarto the master with that affection and loyalty that makes life rich andglorious? If thou hast given us these things that are so good, we can trustthee; we can dare to believe that what God giveth he giveth forever.We thank thee for the love. If we loved not so well, we should notsorrow so much; but we do not ask to be saved from the pain if so weshould lose the love.Gathered here today, O God, we thank thee for these dear ties, forthese close and wonderful sympathies; and as we sorrow for him that isgone, we remember those that are here. We remember our dear friend whois at the bedside of his wife. God give him courage and give her courage,and may we not be afflicted again. May thy grace and thy goodness helpus. For others in our University passing through difficulties and troubleswe pray. God bind us all together and help us in these sympathies tohelp one another. And do thou help us.Now with deep gratitude we would, O God, dry our tears and remember that we have had two glorious years, and thirty glorious years; andthat this was a glorious life.We thank thee for the crowning of the scholar, that what he has donemay enter into the riches of the world. We thank thee for the crowningof the teacher, that his students round the earth who remember and thankGod for him may carry out in their own patient tasks what he taughtthem to do. May they all be faithful.We thank thee for the crowning of the leader, the great leader. Hiswork could not be finished, no matter how long he stayed with us. Wethank thee for him. Help us to be true, help us to be faithful, and toenshrine that great memory in our hearts, a memory that shall belong toall of us, that shall belong to this great institution that we love, a memorythat must never die.O God, lift up our hearts; be thou with those who need thee most inthis heavy hour. Be with us all, and may the grace of our Lord JesusChrist, and the love of God, and the fellowship of his Holy Spirit abidewith us now and forever more. Amen.The University Choir rendered the hymns, "Fight the Good Fight,"by Boyd, and "For All the Saints," by Barnby. During the recessional,Robert W. Stevens, organist, played "Ten Thousand Times Ten Thousand," by Dykes, and "Pilgrims' Chorus," by Wagner.PUBLIC FUNERAL SERVICES 195TRIBUTE OF VICE-PRESIDENT JAMES H. TUFTS1To voice the feeling of the University at this hour is simple. It hasone note. There are no differences in the quality of our feeling, althoughsome of us knew President Burton better than others. Older and youngerscholars, searchers of nature, and students of man — those whose zest isfor discovery of cosmic laws and those who prize especially the teacher'sopportunity in the formation of life and character — we all of us felt thekindling of his ardent spirit and found him sympathetic with our enthusiasms. We felt the respect and admiration which his breadth of vision andhis quenchless, eager energy compelled. We felt the affection called outby his gentle, humane, and friendly heart.We are not, however, quite content with this simple note of commonfeeling. We wish to dwell for a moment upon certain of the traits whichcalled out admiration and affection from us all.When Dr. Burton was selected as Acting President of the University,he was well known to a few of his colleagues, but it is perhaps not too muchto say that to the majority of his colleagues he was almost a stranger.Although his work in other educational enterprises of his own religiousorganization had gained him recognition as an educational statesman,his administrative work in the University had not brought him into closecontact with a large number of us, and his field of scholarship in which hispublication had been constant is not one that is so generally familiar as aremany others. It was, therefore, a University disposed to be friendly, butnevertheless by no means sure of what the future might bring, whichwelcomed Dr. Burton two years ago. It did not take long for the University to recognize that it had found the man for the hour. Changes inour Faculties, in our student bodies, in the educational world, and in theworld of affairs, had been slowly going on which in cumulative effect werebound then or soon to cause a critical condition for the University. Themedical development and the Building Program had both been delayedby the Great War, but could not longer be delayed without serious loss.The development of the Library, of undergraduate life, and of our supreme task of advancement of knowledge presented difficult problems.President Burton did not have a ready answer for all these difficult tasks,but he showed his genuine scientific spirit by the methods with which hesought to meet them. He set men to work in a dozen fields to survey andfind out what the University needed in men, buildings, and equipment,and how these needs could be met. A large number of the buildings now1 This address was prepared by Vice-President James H. Tufts but he was unableto deliver it.196 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDstanding upon our campus bear the names of citizens of Chicago who gavegenerously in the early years to make possible the housing of the University that was to be. A new generation had come to carry on the commerce and industries of the city, however, and this new generation was notso well acquainted with the scope and the work of the University as thosewhose interest had been enlisted in the first flash of enthusiasm which itsbeginnings had evoked. The final gift of Mr. Rockefeller, designed toplace upon a firm basis those departments of work which had been alreadyestablished, had been made long before the war. To maintain even thesame scientific and educational work at an equal level since the war hasrequired much larger resources than would have been deemed essentialby anyone twenty years ago.To discover the University's needs, to plan greatly for the Universityof 1940 and beyond, to make a beginning at least toward finding resourceswith which to translate the vision into men and buildings — these were thetasks which confronted the new President. They were great, because hehimself had the mind and will to conceive and attempt them. They mightwell challenge the courage and resourcefulness of a young man, who couldlook forward to several decades of constructive planning and organization.President Burton did not hesitate to adventure upon them all.The Medical Buildings, whose foundations are now preparing, theTheology Building and the Bond Chapel, now rising on the Quadrangles,are witnesses of two great achievements within two crowded years.Inquiries as to the best plans for the development of the Library wereset on foot, and in these inquiries the President contributed generously ofhis own time and intimate knowledge.He loved young people and was anxious that our colleges should giveevery aid to intellectual life, to physical growth and wholesome joys, andto the building of character.He was keenly sensitive to the great city life toward which the University, along with other kindred institutions, should be bringing constantcontributions. Universities, libraries, museums, music, art — all should be,in his view, not alien to the commercial and industrial activities, butrather should help to enable all these to find their proper place in a free andgenerous life. He believed that the University should place its resourcesand scholarship at the service of better government, better business,better homes, and better schools, and thus along with all the moral andspiritual agencies of the city make it in very truth a "place where menmay not merely live but live nobly and well.He felt profoundly his responsibilities as a citizen of Chicago, of thePUBLIC FUNERAL SERVICES 197state, of the nation, and of the world. Of all the great projects which hecherished, I have never heard him speak so strongly of any as of the Schoolfor Politics, which should contribute not merely to the better citizenship ofthose immediately touched by it, but also to a better understanding of ourgovernment and the social forces at work beneath it and of our relationships to other peoples. His travels and studies in other lands had madehim more alive than most scholars to international problems, and he hadtaken keen interest in international relations. He dreamed of a more intelligent political life to which the University might contribute as one of thegreat agencies of the commonwealth.Every department of investigation found in him a generous and sympathetic ally. He glowed with enthusiasm as keenly in describing thework of departments in the field of natural science as in those which hisown studies had made more familiar. He believed as thoroughly in thepossibilities of scientific method when applied to business, to law, toeducation of young people, as when followed in the fields which the nineteenth century opened. He was no less eagerly alert to the mission ofart, of music, of letters, and to the more profound problems of religionand philosophy.Men of the city as well as his colleagues in the University felt thefineness of his mind and the nobility of his spirit. As one Alumna of theUniversity expressed it: "When he speaks to men, he does not need tosay very much about the purpose and meaning of the University; hehimself embodies these so genuinely that men see what he could not tellthem."OFFICIAL BODIES HONORPRESIDENT BURTONTributes to the late President Burton in the form of resolutions andother memorials have been adopted by the City Council of Chicago, byvarious educational institutions, and by other bodies. Those in hand arehere published; others, as received, will appear in later issues of the University Record. In addition to official expressions, hundreds of letters andtelegrams of a more personal nature were received by Mrs. Burton, whodesires through these columns to offer her renewed acknowledgments.CHICAGO CITY COUNCILThe Chicago City Council on May 27 suspended its proceedings whilethe aldermen bowed their heads in silent tribute to the memory of President Burton. The following resolution, introduced by Alderman CharlesS. Eaton, of the Sixth Ward, was adopted:"Whereas, in the death of Ernest DeWitt Burton, president of theUniversity of Chicago, on Tuesday, May 26, 1925, not only the University of Chicago but the whole community has reason for sorrow andregret; and"Whereas, the life and work of President Burton as one of the foremost students of the New Testament, writer on religious subjects, teacher,and as a great educational administrator have ever been marked by inspiring vision and clear and practical grasp of the major problems ofeducation and keen appreciation of the possibilities of helpful contactsbetween the University of Chicago and the city, therefore, be it"Resolved, that the City of Chicago hereby expresses its deep sorrowin the death of President Burton and extends its heartfelt sympathy tothe members of the bereaved family, the University of Chicago, and theeducational world at large, and be it further"Resolved, that a copy of this resolution, suitably engrossed, be forwarded to his family, and a copy to the University of Chicago."NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITYFrom James F. Oatis, secretary of the Board of Trustees of Northwestern University, came the following:"By formal action, the Board of Trustees of Northwestern University,authorized the sending to the Board of Trustees of the University of Chi-198OFFICIAL BODIES HONOR PRESIDENT BURTON 199cago the following tribute to the memory of President Ernest DeWittBurton:"The Trustees of Northwestern University desire to express to theTrustees of the University of Chicago their profound sympathy in theirreparable loss sustained in the death of President Ernest DeWitt Burton."President Burton, in the capacity of President of the University ofChicago, has won the confidence and admiration of the entire community.With a modesty so characteristic of the truly great, he strove alwaysearnestly, kindly, and unsparingly, for the accomplishment of all thatpromotes public welfare, and his success was manifest."He was at once a great scholar and a great administrator. He recognized the importance of the achievements of the past, of recent discoveries, and of future progress. For him learning and culture were not thingsapart, but were forces intended in the providence of God to promote theKingdom of God on earth."You and we unite in mourning the loss of one who was a greatleader in the work which we share in common."NEWTON THEOLOGICAL INSTITUTIONDr. George Edwin Horr, president of the Newton Theological Institution, sent the following letter to Nathaniel Butler, assistant to thepresident of the University:"My dear Dr. Butler:"The Faculty of the Newton Theological Institution wishes me toexpress to the Trustees and Faculties of the University of Chicago ourdeep appreciation of the loss you have sustained in the death of PresidentErnest D. Burton."The first nine years of his professional career were spent in the department of New Testament Interpretation in this Seminary. He greatlyendeared himself to the friends of Newton and to the New Englandchurches, not only by his devotion to his tasks and his fine scholarship,but by the Christian temper he manifested in every relation and situation."We earnestly desire to be numbered in the great company of thosewho mourn your loss and honor his memory."Faithfully yours,"George Edwin Horr"bethel instituteThe following resolution was passed at St. Paul, Minnesota, by BethelInstitute of the Swedish Baptist General Conference of America:200 THE UNIVERSITY RECORD"Whereas, God in His Divine Providence has seen fit to call homeErnest D. Burton, president of the University of Chicago; and"Whereas, the whole Christian world has lost a devout Bible scholarand teacher, one who has taught and helped thousands of young peopleto prepare for Christian service; and"Whereas, the theological school of the Swedish Baptist GeneralConference of America has for many years enjoyed help, counsel, and direction from this noble man of God; therefore be it"Resolved, that the Theological Seminary of Bethel Institute of theSwedish Baptist General Conference of America, assembled at the Commencement Exercises at the First Swedish Baptist Church, Minneapolis,Minnesota, May twenty-seventh, Nineteen Hundred Twenty-five, express to the family of Dr. Burton our sincere sympathy, praying thatGod may comfort and strengthen in this time of bereavement; and to theUniversity of Chicago our keen sense of the loss that they in common withthe entire Christian world have suffered, praying that God may guide inthis time of crisis and raise a leader after His own heart to fill this vacancy."(Signed) G. Arvid Hagstrom, President"(Signed) Arvid Gondii, Dean"CHARLES HENRY MARKHAMTRANSPORTATION IN MODERNLIFE1By CHARLES HENRY MARKHAMPresident of the Illinois Central RailroadThe University of Chicago is a recognized leader among the greateducational institutions of the country in co-ordinating its activities withthe demands of modern life. It endeavors to equip its students not onlywith a knowledge of the past but also with a viewpoint and an understanding that will enable them to cope with the problems of their owngeneration. Under the leadership of that able scholar and far-seeing executive, Doctor Burton, who has so lately passed from among you, theUniversity of Chicago attained an enviable position by reason of its abilityto perform a highly useful service to the community, state, and nation. Ifeel sure this development will continue. The problems of modern life arecertainly the problems of the university, whose function it is to fit its students for a fuller participation in life. That is why I am here today— totalk upon a subject that is full of meaning in modern life.When you leave this institution you go, as the saying is, out into theworld. The world that is waiting to receive you is today highly complex,highly organized, highly perplexing. Modern life demands specialization.You will go out as doctors, teachers, ministers, lawyers, business men andwomen, homemakers — each of you to his or her particular career. Nomatter what specialized line of work you engage in, however, each of youwill serve one lifetime as a citizen of this great nation, and as such you willbe called upon from time to time to register decisions as to public policy.You will find yourself dealing, occasionally in general, often in detail,with the great forces that have worked together to make our nation whatit is today. In so doing, you will help — perhaps more than you realize atthe time — to determine the future of this country.An essential part of our modern life with which you will have much todo is that progress-compelling force called transportation. I am to talkupon "Transportation in Modern Life," not because I am particularlyqualified to direct the impending activities of university graduates but1 Address delivered on the occasion of the One Hundred and Thirty-seventh Convocation of the University, held in Hutchinson Court, June 16, 1925.201202 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDsimply because, after a lifetime devoted to transportation, I may be ableto give you some idea of a subject which touches us all and which increasingly demands intelligent study and wise decision for the future needs ofour people.AN IMPORTANT DIFFERENCEIt may be that comparatively few of you who are being graduatedfrom this institution are likely to engage in transportation as your life-work, and to most of you the subject of transportation may seem to meanlittle; but I take it that all of you are interested in the essential problemsof modern life, in which you soon are to assume your various responsibilities, and modern life would differ but little from ancient life if we todaydid not enjoy a greater facility than our forefathers enjoyed in our abilityto move ourselves and our goods from place to place safely, cheaply, andexpeditiously. The difference between ancient times and modern times ischiefly a difference in character of transportation.By means of transportation life is broadened. The traveler gainsknowledge of strange localities and the peoples residing therein. Transportation of commodities brings about a general improvement in standards of living, not only because strange products are thereby brought intocommon use, but also because outer markets are opened to local productsand local prosperity is increased. Transportation develops and widensthe community of interest. It brings about national unity, because itknits together in common understanding and common trade many diverseinterests scattered over a wide expanse od territory.Modern transportation really had its beginning with the rolling wheel,a development worked out ages ago as the best method of overcomingfriction, the arch enemy of transportation by land. By transferring thearea of friction to the axle and hub, where it could be more easily lubricated, some early benefactor of mankind made transportation by land afeasible and practicable thing, placing it on a parity with transportationby water, which preceded it, and giving it the added advantage of accessibility to all regions, not merely to those provided by nature or by manwith water routes.The wheel by itself, however, is not sufficient for transportation. Itmust have power to move it, and it must have a way or road or track toroll upon. On the sea, in primitive times, oarsmen and the wind in thesail provided the power for locomotion; on the land, man and beast, veryoften pulling side by side, caused the wheels to roll and transportation, ina crude way, to become a reality. For centuries the roughness of roads andTRANSPORTATION IN MODERN LIFE 203limitations of power held back the progress of humankind. Then came,by a fortunate coincidence, the application of the new giant power ofsteam to the rolling wheel upon a permanent way or road made smooth inadvance, and we had the railroad, in all its essential particulars, as weknow it today.BORN OF NECESSITYYou are undoubtedly well informed as to the industrial revolutionwhich began something more than a century ago, when machinery firstmade appreciable inroads upon manual labor. Production increased, anddistribution became more than ever a pressing problem. Just when theneed for improved distribution came to be felt the most, the machinery oftransportation made a vast lead ahead by the introduction of the railroad,and the impulse of progress then let loose has continued ever since, culminating in the co-ordination of production, manufacture, and distribution that we recognize as typical of modern life.This year is the centennial of the railroads. It was on September 27,1825, that the Stockton & Darlington Railway in England was thrownopen to operation under an act that provided for the hauling of wagonsand other carriages upon the line "with men or horses or otherwise.""Otherwise" was the loophole which allowed George Stephenson, engineerof the road and an experimenter with steam engines, to persuade his company to use a steam locomotive to haul its first train. That train, with itsprophetic load of coal, flour, and passengers, moved at an average rate ofeight miles an hour.OURS THE RAILWAY ERAOnly a few years after the opening of the world's first railroad, in England, our own nation took up the novelty, with what result you all canrecognize today. Railroads, it seemed, were exactly what the vast landareas of this country needed. The United States today is, above all others,a railroading nation. The people of our country owe more to the railroadsthan the people of most countries do, because the greater part of ourexistence and growth as an independent nation has been coincident withthe railway era. Today, with only about one-sixteenth of the world's landarea, we possess in this country approximately one-third of the total railway mileage of the world, and our railroads lead those of all other nationsin the high quality and low cost of their service.A century ago, when our first railroads were established, the population of the United States comprised approximately ten million persons204 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDliving for the most part in isolated towns and villages on the Atlantic seaboard and along a few navigable waterways. Nine-tenths of the countrywas uninhabited by the white race, and the vast region west of the Mississippi was largely unexplored. Today the population of our countrycomprises more than no million persons. Our three million square milesof area are studded from ocean to ocean with flourishing cities and busyfactories, mills, and mines. Great expanses of corn, wheat, and cottonand countless herds of cattle, hogs, and sheep cover our prairies. Collegesand universities, schools and churches are everywhere.Our nation today is the richest and most advanced nation of theworld. It has become so largely because it has enjoyed for nearly a century a form of transportation excellently adapted to its great distancesand its wide variety of products. Because of cheap and efficient railwaytransportation, available in all parts of the country, the products of allregions today are to be obtained in every region. The products of everyregion can be and are marketed in all regions. Passengers are moved longdistances with great rapidity. It is nothing unusual for us today to go tobed on a train and arise at our destination the next morning, hundreds ofmiles from where we started, after covering comfortably a distance thatwould have required a trip of days or weeks full of hardships for ourancestors of a century ago.The extent to which transportation enters into our modern life isproperly understood by but few. Approximately ten tons of freight areshipped by railroad every year for every man, woman, and child in thecountry. Transportation by rail enters into practically everything weuse. It is present in many ways we do not recognize. More than half of thetonnage of the railroads, for example, ordinarily consists of the productsof mines, in which it may seem that most of us have little direct interest.One mine product, however, which provides heavy tonnage for the railroads, is coal — and coal is represented indirectly in nearly everything thatthe individual has use for, whether it be food, clothing, light, heat, orshelter. Nearly every manufactured product has something to do withcoal, for coal is our greatest present-day source of power. If the transportation of coal is inefficient or unduly expensive, there will be shortagesof supply in the many things we need, and the cost of them will go up,infinitesimally perhaps on single items, but largely in the aggregate. It isby the accumulated effect of many items such as coal that we find ten tonsof commodities being moved on behalf of each of us every year. Incidentally, for each mile these ten tons were moved last year, the railroadsreceived, on an average, a total of slightly more than n cents.TRANSPORTATION IN MODERN LIFE 205WHERE FOOD COMES FROMIn order to realize what transportation means in our modern life, it ishighly illuminating to take a map of the world and to mark thereon thesources from which are brought the commodities which are common to usall — the food we eat, the clothing we wear, the fuel that heats our homes,the materials from which our homes are built, and so on. Recently I hadoccasion to work out the transportation involved in assembling the itemsfor a single meal. Aside from the importations— pepper from the EastIndies and coffee from Brazil — the salt and the peas came from Michigan,the beef from Iowa, the butter and potatoes from Wisconsin, the wheatfrom North Dakota, the strawberries and sugar from Louisiana, and thesalmon from the far Pacific Coast. Incidentally, the railway freight chargefor bringing these eleven items of a meal together at a central point inIllinois from two seaports and six producing states was slightly more than1 cent 1 mill.Consider the clothing we have on. Where are our silk, our cotton andour wool produced and where are they manufactured into cloth? Thenwhere are they made into garments? How far has the leather traveledthat is represented in our shoes? If we have jewels, precious metals, precious stones about us, where did they come from?Our fuel, we all know, comes for the most part from the great coalfields of the country, perhaps hundreds of miles from where we may happen to live. Our building materials are seldom produced within easy reachof the places where they are utilized. The things which are consumed today chiefly at their sources of production can be counted almost upon thefingers of a single hand. Our dependence upon transportation has madeus, more than ever before, dependent upon one another. It was not solong ago that the farmer, for example, was fairly independent of the restof the world; he was producer, middleman, manufacturer, and distributor,all rolled into one, as well as the consumer, to a very large extent, of thatwhich he produced. Horizons were limited. There was comparativelylittle interchange of goods. That which came from a distance was prohibitive in price because of the hardships and great costs involved in transporting it. That which was produced near at hand was a drug upon themarket, because the market necessarily had to be somewhere in the immediate vicinity. Tastes were few and simple — they had to be — there wasno virtue in that.Then came cheap, widespread, adaptable transportation, and everything was changed. Specialization was increased; progress was made.When we compare conditions a century ago with conditions today, we are206 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDforced to realize how much our nation and our modern life owe to therailroads and to efficient railway transportation.SPENDING VAST SUMSService, incidentally, is not the only contribution the railroads maketo prosperity. They are vast business enterprises in themselves, spendinggreat sums of money in the operation of their plants. The railroads employ directly nearly two million persons — about one wage earner out ofevery twenty in the country — and indirectly furnish employment tomillions in allied industries. The principal railroads spend approximatelyfive billion dollars a year for labor and materials and pay taxes of close to amillion dollars a day. The tremendous volume of their purchases of materials has a stimulating effect upon industry in general.Transportation has become a gigantic business, one that touches usall intimately. It is important to us all because it is the factor, more thananything else, that has made our modern life what it is today. You whoare leaving the University to take your places in the complexity of modern life will do well to keep informed as to its governing principles, andadequate transportation is one of them. It is too much to expect you toknow all the details relating to transportation, for many of us who havegiven our lives to its study have not mastered them all, but you can andshould apply to your new relationships that reasoning faculty, that abilityto grasp principles and to separate the false from the true, which is thegreatest accomplishment a university course can give.Hitherto your practical interest in transportation has had to do withsuch things as passenger service to and from school, at vacations and forfootball games, the moving of baggage, the carrying of mail, and so on.Your practical interest hereafter must cover, to a greater or less degree,all phases of transportation. You will become acquainted, for example,with freight service, which usually provides the railroads with nearlythree-fourths of their operating revenues. The lowly and frequently unlovely freight car will in time become a symbol to you of the part thattransportation of goods plays in human progress.In modern life the participant, generally speaking, has a twofoldinterest in transportation: first, the interest of the individual in the relationship of transportation to the particular economic activity in which heis engaged; second, the interest of a citizen in the relationship of transportation to society as a whole. You will need to study transportationboth as it affects your business or profession and as it affects the well-being of our nation. The increased and expanded interest in transporta-TRANSPORTATION IN MODERN LIFE 207tion which is imposed upon participants in the affairs of modern life requires of university men and women a greater knowledge of transportation than it has heretofore been necessary for them to possess. They needto know more of its historical background, its practical workings, the significant phases of its relationship to modern life. That is why I havesought to outline to you how transportation has developed and how important it is to us today.SOME RAILWAY NEEDSThe development of railway transportation needs to be better understood by our people in its two most significant aspects: first, the development in physical properties and operating methods; second, the causesand effects of changing public policy toward the railroads. Present-dayproblems of railway administration partake of both these phases. Concerning the first-named phase, physical development, there is need ofconstant expansion of railway facilities to meet the transportationrequirements of our growing population; there is also need of constantimprovements and betterments to make it possible for the service oftransportation to be produced more cheaply. Concerning the second-named phase, public policy toward the railroads, there is need of an intelligent, constructive public opinion that will hold railway regulationin the path of progress and make secure the future of our country, so dependent upon the essential service the railroads perform.Most of the physical developments made by our railroads in the lastone hundred years have been refinements and enlargements, improvements in safety, comfort, and capacity, not revolutionary changes inkind. The trains still run on metal wheels, but the material is now steelinstead of iron. For the most part, they still use steam directly for theirpower. The primitive plates of iron laid on stone have given way to carefully wrought and tested steel rails, well secured to one another and tospecially treated wooden ties. While their fundamental principle is unchanged, the railroads mechanically have made wonderful advances.When the railroad with which I am connected and which extendspast your very doorstep was projected, about three-quarters of a centuryago, freight cars had a capacity of about twelve tons. The track wasbuilt of iron rail and small crossties, and in many cases it was laid on thebare earth, without ballast or other foundation. Couplings were madewith link and pin, and brakes were set by hand. Passenger trains consistedof small, uncomfortable coaches, lighted by oil lamps, heated by stoves anddrawn by small locomotives. Schedules were departed from frequently.208 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDBETTER SERVICE TODAYHow greatly improved is the picture today. Invention, supplementedby vast increases in investment, has enabled the railroads to keep pacewith the demands of the nation. Freight cars now carry upward of fiftytons, and a modern freight locomotive is capable of pulling eighty or moreloaded freight cars with ease. Heavy steel rail and stone ballast havetaken the place of the "two streaks of rust" which marked the early railroads. Automatic signals protect travelers and employes. Air-brakes puttrains under absolute control. A modern passenger train can be as complete as a fine house or a hotel on wheels — with a porch to sit out on, aparlor and library, a bedroom, a dining room, a kitchen, perhaps a bathroom, a barber shop and a clothes-pressing establishment, the wholeassembly of conveniences pulled along, electrically lighted and steamheated by a modern power plant of its own. Schedules are maintainedwith remarkable exactness.MORE EFFICIENT NOWIn capacity and comfort our railroads have made wonderful advances.At the same time they have become vastly more efficient than they were.It is good business for the public when the railroads enlarge theircapacity and improve their operation. In almost any line of business alarger volume of trade brings about economies, if properly handled, andthe railroads are no exception to that rule. Railway patrons have benefited and can expect to benefit further by the very fact that the railroadshave become capable of handling more and more business all the time.Continued investment, moreover, makes our railroads not only biggerbut better, not only capable of handling more business but capable ofhandling all business more cheaply. Considering present-day levels ofprices, they now carry more traffic at a smaller expense per unit thanever before. Better machinery, handled by men better trained in theirduties, has made great savings possible, to the lasting credit of the railway business as a whole. This improvement in railway efficiency mustcontinue. The railroads must be enabled to use the most modern types oftools of all kinds that are available in the market; they must keep themselves supplied with facilities that will increase the output of transportation per man and per dollar employed. They must be allowed and encouraged to spend money in order to save money for both their patronsand themselves.Undoubtedly we are well off today by having available freight andpassenger services of the sort to which I have referred, illustrating theTRANSPORTATION IN MODERN LIFE 209vast improvements which have been made in the past. But what must therailroads be doing about the future? What capacities and what comfortswill those who live in our world a generation hence demand that wedo not have available today? Freight traffic alone has increased 800per cent in the last forty years and has more than doubled in the lasttwenty. If we apply our knowledge of the past to our prophecies for thefuture, we must envision remarkable improvements and enlargements asyet uncomtemplated if our railroads are to repeat in the next century theprogress they have made in the last.As I suggested a few moments ago, it was increased investment thatmade possible the utilization by the railroads of the inventions and increases in capacity that the men of yesterday's world worked out. Greatlyincreased investment will be required to work out the problems that confront railway transportation in the future. Whether or not the railroadsare to obtain the investment they need to keep pace with the country willdepend largely on how intelligently public opinion functions on transportation problems in the decades to come.LEADERSHIP DEMANDEDRight here is where public opinion comes to the fore and where theuniversity graduate can make his undoubted leadership most effective forthe public good. University graduates should be far-sighted on publicquestions; they should be able to look ahead of the immediate advantageto be gained by some temporarily attractive public policy and to comprehend the ultimate and widespread damage that may follow in itswake. Lack of leadership of this sort is what has made the attitude ofour public toward transportation problems in the past such a vacillatingthing. The lack of a sustained policy of transportation development inthe past has hurt the railroads and, through them, the public itself almostimmeasurably.The late President Harding most aptly expressed the situation whenhe said he could not understand the spirit which acclaimed the railroadsin the building and then turned to hamper them in the operation. It cannot be denied that the railroads received a wonderful reception amongthe early American public. It likewise cannot be denied that, after thefirst flush of exploration, expansion and colonization had worn off, thesame public — or its immediate descendants — turned just as sharplyagainst the railroads and sought to hold them back. There were abusesin railway operation; no human organization that I ever heard of wasperfect; but instead of wreaking vengeance upon the individuals con-2IO THE UNIVERSITY RECORDcerned, our earlier law-makers and law-enforcers took it out upon therailroads themselves, under the guise of protection to the public, and incalculable damage was done thereby to the rightful progress of our nation.We think we are well off today, but I wonder sometimes how much betteroff we would be if our transportation development had not been so greatlyhampered as it was in the thirty-five or forty years preceding the entry ofour nation into the world-war.All that, however, is water under the bridge and over the dam. Asmost of you undoubtedly know, the railroads emerged from the world-warand government control with a promise for their future contained in theTransportation Act, under the terms of which they are at present operating. That act is not perfect, and it may become necessary to amend itfrom time to time, but as it stands it represents just about the first reallyconstructive thought given to our railway problems in half a century. Itis the first effort in a long time to encourage the development of the railroads in the belief that the development of trade will flow therefrom, instead of holding back the railroads by restrictive regulation in the hopethat business will forge ahead by itself , as an earlier public so mistakenlyassumed it might.A FORWARD-LOOKING POLICYThis new policy of looking ahead is, I believe, the hope of our railroads and our nation. To the extent that we turn our attention from thepresent and focus it upon the future do we make progress in our materialas well as our spiritual affairs. The policy of universities is forward-looking. Transportation is the very essence of modern life. Because of thenatural increment of our population, our advance in science and invention, and our increased participation in foreign trade, our dependenceupon transportation is becoming more and more impressive every day.The university graduate can help the nation greatly by giving evidence ofunderstanding this situation. He should apply calm judgment to transportation problems as they arise from year to year. Above all, he shouldinsist upon adherence by the public to that transportation policy whichpromises the greatest good for the greatest number the longest time.THE CONVOCATION STATEMENT1I. THE CONVOCATION ORATORThe University has been exceedingly fortunate in enjoying the friendly co-operation of men of leadership in the industrial, commercial, andprofessional life of the city. Never in the history of the University hasthis been more strikingly true nor more gratefully appreciated than during the short period of the administration of President Burton. And noone has been more sensitively grateful for it than he. The service whichPresident Markham has rendered us today is the latest expression of thiscordiality. On behalf of the Trustees, Faculties, students, and friends ofthe University, I wish to extend to him cordial thanks for the broad-minded and significant treatment of the important subject of transportation in its relation to modern life.II. DECEASED MEMBERS OF THE FACULTYMiss Martha Fleming, Associate Professor Emeritus of the teachingof Speech, Oral Reading, and Dramatic Art in the School of Education ofthe University, died at her home, 5445 University Avenue, April 29, 1925,at the age of seventy-four. Miss Fleming was a graduate of the StateNormal School at Normal, Illinois, and was for many years associatedwith the late Colonel Francis Parker in the Cook County Normal School.She also directed the work of her department in the Francis W. ParkerSchool on Webster Avenue. She had an unusually sympathetic understanding of children. The many who knew her as a friend and teacher willremember her with affection and will carry with them her influence andinspiration.Ernest DeWitt Burton, member of the original Faculty of the University, colleague of thirty-three years, productive scholar, stimulatingteacher, president, educational statesman, died May 26. In his thoroughscholarship, his far-reaching vision, his initiative, his eagerness in translating ideas into deeds, his devotion to truth, his openness of mind, hisbroad sympathies with all races and peoples, his sensitiveness to the, idealmeanings and values, he embodied the very spirit of the true University.Our flag is yet at half-mast. We have but just listened to apprecia-1 Delivered by Vice-President James Hayden Tufts at the One Hundred Thirty-seventh Convocation of the University.211212 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDtions of his character and work; we honor him by carrying on what hegreatly planned.Let us stand in memory of these two colleagues.III. STATISTICS OF ATTENDANCEThe attendance of the University during the Spring Quarter as reported by the University Recorder, May 16, 1925, with comparativefigures for 1924, is as follows:1925 1924On the Quadrangles of the University:Graduates 1,562 1,391Undergraduates 3 ,079 3 ,084Total 4,641 4,475University College:Graduates 35° 353Undergraduates 1 , 369 1 , 363Total 1,719 1,7*6Duplicates 88 51Net Total 6,272 6,140Rush Medical College (not included in 1924) 234 .Total of Resident Students 6, 506 6, 140Home-Study Department 4, 836 Grand Total n ,342IV. APPOINTMENTSDuring the present quarter there have been appointed to the Facultiestwo professors, one acting professor, one visiting professor, two associateprofessors, and several instructors of various other ranks. A large number of reappointments necessarily occur in the Spring Quarter, which thisyear amounted to three hundred and eighty-seven, including teachers inthe laboratory schools and members of the library staff. Despite thefact that only a small addition to the budget could be made, we have beenable in a few cases to make promotions.V. DEVELOPMENT CAMPAIGNA year ago at this time President Burton made public announcementof the plans of the University for a great development of its work of education and research with its necessary implication of a large increase inour financial resources. It is appropriate that a report of progress shouldbe made at this time. As you have often heard during the past year,THE CONVOCATION STATEMENT 213our first step was to raise $6,000,000 for endowment. To this we wishedto add $11,500,000 for buildings.The General Education Board generously offered $2,000,000 towardthe $6,000,000 fund, leaving $4,000,000 to be raised for this specific purpose. Of the required $4,000,000 nearly $3,000,000 in funds applicableto the purpose have been subscribed, leaving a balance of $1,084,440.74still to be raised. Of the subscriptions to this fund, $671,800 has comefrom the Trustees, $1,388,665.59 from Alumni, and $855,093.67 from various donors, most of whom are citizens of Chicago.In addition to the foregoing $3,000,000 for unrestricted endowment,there have been received $1,500,000 for other items in the program of theCommittee, making total gifts to the program of $4,415,559.26.The Committee further reports gifts of $1,126,250 more or less as aresult of the campaign, but for purposes other than those enumerated inthe Development Program.The Committee, therefore, reports a total of $5,541,809.26 new giftsor pledges to the University in the present fiscal year in addition to theconditional pledge of the General Education Board gift of $2,000,000.There still remains slightly more than $600,000 to be raised to complete the Alumni quota of $2,000,000. It will be the first object of theCommittee to complete this amount and to add to it at least $400,000 inorder to obtain the $2,000,000 conditional gift from the General Education Board.Plans have already been laid for a city campaign for at least $11,000,-000 in November, 1925, to cover the Building Program. Of this Programone building — that for modern languages — has been donated; namely,Wieboldt Hall, which will be located between Harper Library andClassics, facing south on the Midway.The Committee feels that the total of $1,355,000 received from thepublic prior to any general appeal is an auspicious start on the largercampaign to be launched in the autumn.While much has been accomplished in the first year, only a beginninghas been made on President Burton's great plans for the development ofthe University of Chicago. We are confident that the citizens of Chicagowill rally to the support of their University when the larger campaign islaunched next autumn.VI. GIFTSThe past year has been remarkable for the number and amount ofgifts that have come to the University. In no other year save one do I214 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDrecall so large an amount given to the University, and certainly there hasnever before been anything like the number of contributors in any oneyear. In connection with our Development Campaign, more than sixthousand Alumni have sent contributions — ranging from the smallergifts of those who are giving from very meager resources, to show theirlove for their University and their devotion to its work, to the largergifts of those who with like affection have been able to contribute greatersums.One of the most interesting groups in the six thousand is that of thestudents who are today receiving their degrees, and who have undertakento raise an Ernest DeWitt Burton Memorial Fund. Eleven thousanddollars have already been pledged by two hundred of the students, and itseems probable that they may reach the generous amount which they haveset for their goal.From the other gifts and bequests that have been received, I may mention the gift of Mrs. Parkhurst, widow of the late Professor Parkhurst,of Yerkes Observatory, of the telescope and mounting which belonged toProfessor Parkhurst; the gift of C. T. B. Goodspeed of approximately$5,000 preferably to be devoted to the work of the Department of NewTestament and Early Christian Literature; a bequest of Frederic IvesCarpenter of $10,000 for the purchase of books in the Department ofEnglish; the gifts of Mrs. Frederic I. Carpenter and Mr. Frederic I.Carpenter, son of the former colleague, of $25,000 each; a bequest of Mr.Charles L. Hutchinson, for many years treasurer of the University, of$50,000; the gift of the Wyvern Club of $2,500 for a perpetual scholarship; the gift from Mabel Abbott to establish a scholarship to be knownas the "Abbott Scholarship" for worthy and needy students; the gift of arare manuscript from Mr. Ricketts, who for many years has preparedand engrossed the diplomas of our graduates; the gift of Mr. Charles H.Swift of $15,000 for the purchase of a collection of American plays; abequest from Dr. Norman Bridge of what is expected to be a large sumfor medical work; and the following individual gifts made in connectionwith our Development Campaign: Edward E. Ayer, $100,000; William N.Eisendrath, $100,000; A. E. Norman, $100,000; Max Epstein, $100,000;Henry L. Frank, $25,000; Morton D. Hull, $53,000; Mrs. EmanuelMandel, $25,000; Mr. and Mrs. Frank Lillie, $90,000; Charles H. Swift,$200,000; Wieboldt Foundation, $500,000; Douglas Smith, $1,000,000.VII. BUILDINGSSince the famous Convocation of 1902, when ten cornerstones of newbuildings were laid, the University has seen no building enterprises of suchTHE CONVOCATION STATEMENT 215magnitude as are in progress at this moment. The Rawson MemorialLaboratory Building, which includes also the Norman Bridge PathologicalLaboratories, will be ready for use for the Autumn Quarter if not before;upon the Quadrangles, the stately Theology Building is receiving itsroof; the beauty of the Bond Chapel is already appearing; the WhitmanLaboratory of Experimental Zoology is rapidly approaching completion;the excavations for the group of medical buildings already enable us toanticipate in some degree this great addition to our structures. Architects are in conference with officers of the University upon the plans forthe Wieboldt Hall, which is to house the Modern Language Departmentsand give the opportunity for advanced work of the character which thestrength and ambition of these Departments so well merit.Buildings are necessary and endowments are necessary; but, on thisoccasion above all others, we are not likely to forget that the pricelessand precious part of the University is the men who have wrought theirwork within its walls as Faculty or Trustees or students or in othercapacities. Some of them, who for more than thirty years have beenassociated with us, are leaving its active service; in company with thosewho have finished their work on earth, they have built themselves intothe very structure of the institution and are its foundation stones, as enduring as those that support the walls about us.THE BOARD OF TRUSTEESBy J. SPENCER DICKERSON, SecretaryTHE DOUGLAS SMITH FOUNDATION FOR MEDICAL RESEARCHAt the Board meeting held June n, 1925, Vice-President Arnett presented a letter from Mr. Douglas Smith, of Chicago, in which he conveysto the University securities which eventually will be augmented and willbecome a trust fund of $1,000,000. The letter further states:These securities are for the establishment of a fund to be held in perpetuity by theUniversity of Chicago as an endowment of its school or schools of medical science for theinvestigation of the causes, nature, prevention, and treatment of disease. Only the netincome of the fund is to be used. It is to be expended exclusively in payment of theresearch stipends or salaries of the members of the staff or fellows of the University ofChicago engaged in medical research, and of expenses directly incident to such research,and in no part for the erection of buildings or for general administrative expenses. Ifany question arises as to what is income and what is principal from this fund, it is to bedetermined in the sole and uncontolled discretion of the University. ....I would have preferred that my name be not attached to this gift, but at yourrequest, I have agreed that the fund may be known as the Douglas Smith Foundationfor Medical Research.(Signed) Douglas SmithThe Trustees voted to accept this noble gift upon the conditionsstated, and the Secretary was instructed to convey to Mr. Smith thethanks of the Board for this most useful addition to the University's fundsfor the extension of medical science.A NEW UNIVERSITY STATUTEThe Board of Trustees has adopted the following as an amendment toStatute 15:b) Four-quarter appointments. When certain types of continuous service arerequired, a person may be appointed a member of a faculty to serve during the fourquarters (or the equivalent thereof) of the academic year. For a member of a facultyappointed on this basis, the provisions of Section a) of this Statute with reference tovacations and vacation credit, shall not apply. Members of a faculty who accept appointment under these conditions, and who have served thereunder eleven quartersin the rank of Assistant Professor or higher shall be entitled for each such eleven quarters' service, to one quarter's vacation with full pay at the salary in force when suchvacation is taken, except under no circumstances may a member of a faculty accumulatemore than two quarters' vacation credit. A member of a faculty under appointment216THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 217under these provisions may, when approved by the President, be absent without pay.For the first quarter's absence, one-fifth of the annual salary in force shall be deducted,and four-fifteenths of the annual salary for each additional quarter's absence duringhis appointive year."RUSH POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL OF MEDICINEThe following plan for the organization of the Rush PostgraduateSchool of Medicine has been adopted by the Trustees:Objects: To advance medical knowledge and scholarship. To afford opportunityfor advanced training of physicians.Types of work: The central idea of the school to be to offer opportunity for studyand investigation by graduate physicians who are willing to spend from one to threeyears preparing themselves either for practice or teaching or to continue investigation,or combinations of these. The grade of work to be equivalent to that in other graduatedepartments of the University. In addition to the above, it will be desirable to offer alimited number of shorter courses for physicians who wish to improve their equipmentfor practice. These shorter courses will be undertaken as soon as opportunity presents,but it is understood that this work will not interfere with the main object of the postgraduate school in the training of men over longer periods.Degrees: Further discussion of degrees to be had with the Ogden Graduate School.Departmental programs: Graduate study is already being prosecuted in some ofthe special departments such as Otolaryngology, Ophthalmology, and Dermatology.It is proposed to develop graduate work of the type above outlined in other departments, including Medicine, Surgery, and Pediatrics. In view of the special type oftraining to be offered, opportunity is to be afforded for the more special branches ofsurgery, including genito-urinary surgery, and it is recommended that such specialbranches of surgery be given representation on the faculty of the postgraduate school,and that opportunity be given for the development of subdepartments with a suitablenumber of beds in the Presbyterian Hospital so that patients studied in the Dispensarymay be followed by instructors through all periods of necessary treatments.Space: (a) Adequate laboratory space to be set aside in the Rawson Building inconnection with the departments concerned. Specifically this would mean desk roomfor two to four men in each department, (b) The development of laboratories in theLaboratory Building south of Harrison Street.Equipment: The gradual accumulation of equipment as needed and as funds areavailable. It seems impractical to outline specific requests for equipment, pending themore specific requests of chairmen of departments.Fellowships: It is recommended that fellowships be established of from $600 to$750 for the present with the hope ultimately of increasing the size of these fellowships.The number of these fellowships to be determined later as is warranted by the work ofthe several departments, these fellowships to carry with them remission of tuition fees.Fees: For the present to be the same as those in Rush Medical College.Organization: The faculty of the postgraduate school. It is recommended that theofficers of the postgraduate school be the President of the University, Dean of theFaculties, Dean of the School and the Chairmen or Acting Chairmen of departmentsand subdepartments, and other persons substantially half of whose work is in the graduate school.2l8 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDIn addition it is recommended that a full-time man trained in preclinical branchessuch as physiology, physiologic chemistry, or chemistry be secured to form a nucleusfor the development of research laboratories, in which students or members of any orall of the departments may carry on such of their work as requires this type of facilities.It is recommended that the organization of the postgraduate school be effected atas early a date as possible.BUILDINGS UNDER CONSTRUCTIONAt a special meeting of the Board of Trustees held April 20, contractswere let for the construction of the medical buildings, including the Billings Hospital, the Epstein Dispensary, and the building to house theDepartments of Physiology, Physiological Chemistry, and Pharmacology.The cubic contents of these buildings will be 6,660,600 feet.At the May 14 meeting of the Board it was voted to place the fieldhouse (previously planned for the site north of Bartlett Gymnasium) onthe property owned by the University at the northeast corner of Fifty-sixth Street and Greenwood Avenue.The Board voted, at its May 14 meeting, to move the house at 5828Woodlawn Avenue to a location south of the French House at 5810 Wood-lawn Avenue and north of the Woodlawn Houses. This removal is occasioned by the prospect of beginning the construction of the UniversityChapel in the not distant future.The Divinity School Chapel has been named the "JosePn BondChapel" in honor of the late husband of Mrs. Mary Adelia Bond, thedonor of the original fund which made possible its erection. The cornerstone of the chapel was laid with appropriate exercises on Thursday,April 30, 1925.A committee has been appointed to recommend plans for dedicatoryexercises for the four soon-to-be-completed buildings — the TheologyBuilding, the Joseph Bond Chapel, the Whitman and Rawson Laboratories., APPOINTMENTSThe following appointments to the faculties in addition to reappointments were made during the Spring Quarter by the Board of Trustees:A. A. Michelson, Distinguished Service Professor.George Gleason Bogert, Acting Professor in the Law School. Mr.Bogert is now Dean of the Cornell University Law School.Benjamin O. Foster, Visiting Professor in the Department of Latin.Katharine Blunt, Chairman of the Department of Home Economicsand Household Administration.H. C. Cowles, Chairman of the Department of Botany.Dr. George M. Curtis, Associate Professor of Surgery.THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 219Lester R. Dragstedt, Associate Professor of Surgery.Hazel Kyrk, Associate Professor in the Department of Home Economics and Household Administration.Edward Sapir, at present chief of the Division of Anthropology of theCanadian Geological Survey at Ottawa, Associate Professor in the Department of Sociology.Junius C. Gregory, Assistant Clinical Professor (Military Medicine)in Rush Medical College.Raymond B. Harriman, Visiting Assistant Professor in the Department of Latin.Floyd House, Assistant Professor in the Department of Sociology.Dr. C. Philip Miller, of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Assistant Prof essor of Medicine.Chester M. Van Allen, Assistant Professor of Surgery.Eugene N. Anderson, Instructor in the Department of History.Raymond W. Barnard, Instructor in the Department of Mathematics.G. M. Dack, Instructor in the Department of Hygiene and Bacteriology.Alfred Paul Dorjahn, Instructor in the Department of Greek.Paul Christopher Fox, Clinical Instructor in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Rush Medical College.William Thomas Hutchinson, Instructor in the Department of History.Ida Kraus, Instructor in the Department of Physiological Chemistry.Edward F. Rothschild, Instructor in the Department of Art.W. B. Sanders, Instructor in the School of Social Service Administration.W. H. Sheldon, Instructor in the Department of Psychology.James R. Jackson, Lecturer in the Department of Political Economy.Harry Eugene Kelly, Lecturer on Medical Jurisprudence in RushMedical College.B. M. Squires, Lecturer in the Department of Political Economy.W. C. Allee, Dean in the College of Science for the Spring Quarter,1925.Chauncey S. Boucher, Dean in the Colleges.Adaline Link, Dean in the Colleges.Paul MacClintock, Dean in the Colleges.R. L. Mott, Dean in the Colleges for the Summer Quarter, 1925.G. V. Cox, Assistant to the Dean of the School of Commerce andD. A. Pomeroy, Assistant to the Dean of the School of Commerce andAdministration.220 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDCharles R. Rorem, Assistant to the Dean of the School of Commerceand Administration.Goldie Lou Belcher, Teacher in the Elementary School of the Schoolof Education.Howard Wilson, Teacher in the High School of the School of Education.C. S. Palmer, Research Associate in the Department of Chemistry.R. S. Vose, Research Associate in the Department of Chemistry.Edward Buckman, Clinical Associate in the Department of Surgery(Genito-urinary) in Rush Medical College.Kenneth H. Collins, Associate in the Department of Pharmacology.Lloyd B. Jensen, Associate in the Department of Hygiene and Bacteriology.Leo Clifford Clowes, Clinical Assistant in the Department of Medicine in Rush Medical College.William John Gallagher, Clinical Assistant in the Department ofSurgery in Rush Medical College.Jay McKinley Garner, Clinical Assistant in the Department of Medicine in Rush Medical College.John Jacob Hesser, Clinical Assistant in the Department of Medicinein Rush Medical College.Beatrice Russell Lovett, Clinical Assistant in the Department ofPediatrics in Rush Medical College.Earl Roach McCarthy, Clinical Assistant in* the Department ofSurgery (Genito-urinary) in Rush Medical College.Clifford Porter McCullough, Clinical Assistant in the Department ofObstetrics and Gynecology in Rush Medical College.Bernard Parker Mullen, Clinical Assistant in the Department ofSurgery in Rush Medical College.Evans William Pernokis, Clinical Assistant in the Department ofMedicine in Rush Medical College.Arthur Sophus Juul Peterson, Clinical Assistant in the Departmentof Medicine in Rush Medical College.Earl Alfred Zaus, Clinical Assistant in the Department of Medicine inRush Medical College.John Joseph Zavertnik, Clinical Assistant in the Department of Pediatrics in Rush Medical College.A. M. Holmquist, National Research Fellow in the Biological Sciences.THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 221Nathaniel Kleitman, National Research Fellow in the Departmentof Physiology.Mack Evans, formerly of Knox College, Organist and Choir Leader.PROMOTIONSThe following persons were promoted to the ranks named during theSpring Quarter, 1925:Edith Abbott to a professorship in the School of Social Service Administration.Katharine Blunt to a professorship in the Department of Home Economics and Household Administration.Sophonisba P. Breckinridge to a professorship in the School of SocialService Administration.C. C. Colby to a professorship in the Department of Geography.Ronald S. Crane to a professorship in the Department of English.George Frederick Dick to a clinical professorship in the Departmentof Medicine in Rush Medical College.P. H. Douglas to a professorship in the School of Commerce and Administration.James Cornelius Gill to a clinical professorship in the Department ofNeurology in Rush Medical College.George Washington Hall to a clinical professorship in the Departmentof Neurology in Rush Medical College.Noble Sproat Heaney to a clinical professorship in the Department ofObstetrics and Gynecology in Rush Medical College.Wellington D. Jones to a professorship in the Department of Geography.Sydney Kuh to a clinical professorship in the Department of Neurology in Rush Medical College.J. O. McKinsey to a professorship in the School of Commerce andAdministration.E. W. Puttkammer to a professorship in the Law School.Charles A. Shull to a professorship in the Department of Botany.David H. Stevens to a professorship in the Department of English.Jacob Viner to a professorship in the Department of Political Economy.L. D. White to a professorship in the Department of PoliticalScience.Donald Putnam Abbott to an associate clinical professorship in theDepartment of Medicine in Rush Medical College.222 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDO. F. Bond to an associate professorship in the University High Schoolof the School of Education.Carey Culbertson to an associate clinical professorship in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Rush Medical College.Vernon Cyrenius David to an associate clinical professorship in theDepartment of Surgery in Rush Medical College.I. N. Edwards to an associate professorship in the School of Education.John Bernard Ellis to an associate clinical professorship in the Department of Ophthalmology in Rush Medical College.Robert Harry Herbst to an associate clinical professorship in the Department of Surgery (Genito-urinary) in Rush Medical College.K. J. Holzinger to an associate professorship in the School of Education.Herman Louis Kretschmer to an associate clinical professorship inthe Department of Surgery (Genito-urinary) in Rush Medical College.Frederick Brown Moorehead to an associate clinical professorship(Oral and Dental) in the Department of Surgery in Rush Medical College.Kellogg Speed to an associate clinical professorship in the Departmentof Surgery in Rush Medical College.Alice Temple to an associate professorship in the School of Education.W. G. Whitford, to an associate professorship in the School of Education.Oscar Ellis Chase to an assistant clinical professorship in the Department of Pediatrics in Rush Medical College.J. F. Christ, to an assistant professorship in the School of Commerceand Administration.G. V. Cox to an assistant professorship in the School of Commerceand Administration.J. C. Dinsmore to an assistant professorship in the School of Commerce and Administration.S. V. Eaton to an assistant professorship in the Department ofBotany.Morris Fishbein to an assistant clinical professorship in the Department of Medicine in Rush Medical College.M. C. E. Hanke to an assistant professorship in the Department ofPhysiological Chemistry.Aaron Elias Kanter to an assistant clinical professorship in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Rush Medical College.A. W. Kornhauser to an assistant professorship in the School of Commerce and Administration.THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 223Julius Ernest Lackner to an assistant clinical professorship in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Rush Medical College.Mayme I. Logsdon to an assistant professorship in the Departmentof Mathematics.Katherine Martin to an assistant professorship in the School of Education.S. P. Meech to an assistant professorship in the School of Commerceand Administration.Robert V. Merrill to an assistant professorship in the Department ofRomance.Arthur H. Parmelee to an assistant clinical professorship in the Department of Pediatrics in Rush Medical College.Gertrude E. Smith to an assistant professorship in the Department ofGreek.P. F. Smith, Jr., to an assistant professorship in the Department ofRomance. vLoren William Avery to a clinical instructorship in the Departmentof Neurology in Rush Medical College.Melbourne Clements to a clinical instructorship in the Departmentof Surgery (Genito-urinary) in Rush Medical College.Francis Leo Foran to a clinical instructorship in the Department ofMedicine in Rush Medical College.Harry R. Hoffman to a clinical instructorship in the Department ofNeurology in Rush Medical College.Robert Wood Keeton to a clinical instructorship in the Departmentof Medicine in Rush Medical College.R. E. Montgomery to an instructorship in the School of Commerceand Administration.Ka/mil Schulhof to a clinical instructorship in the Department ofMedicine in Rush Medical College.Joseph Allegretti to a clinical associateship in the Department ofMedicine in Rush Medical College.Edward Dudley Allen to a clinical associateship in the Departmentof Obstetrics and Gynecology in Rush Medical College.Margaret Howard Austin to a clinical associateship in the Department of Medicine in Rush Medical College.Charles M. Bacon to a clinical associateship in the Department ofMedicine in Rush Medical College.Hillier L. Baker to a clinical associateship in the Department ofSurgery in Rush Medical College.224 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDEmmett Blackburn Bay to a clinical associateship in the Departmentof Medicine in Rush Medical College.Faris Franklin Chesley to a clinical associateship in the Departmentof Medicine in Rush Medical College.Marion Ousley Cole to a clinical associateship in the Department ofMedicine in Rush Medical College.Arthur Ralph Colwell to a clinical associateship in the Department ofMedicine in Rush Medical College.Gerritt Cotts to a clinical associateship in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Rush Medical College.Garland Ward Ellis to a clinical associateship in the Department ofMedicine in Rush Medical College.James Bryan Eyerly to a clinical associateship in the Department ofMedicine in Rush Medical College.Benjamin P. Graber to a clinical associateship in the Department ofMedicine in Rush Medical College.William George Hibbs to a clinical associateship in the Departmentof Medicine in Rush Medical College.Harry Lee Huber to a clinical associateship in the Department ofMedicine in Rush Medical College.Fiske Jones to a clinical associateship in the Department of Obstetricsand Gynecology in Rush Medical College.Will Ferson Lyon to a clinical associateship in the Department ofMedicine in Rush Medical College.Siegfried Maurer to a clinical associateship in the Department ofMedicine in Rush Medical College.Sidney Alexander Portis to a clinical associateship in the Departmentof Medicine in Rush Medical College.Harry Albert Singer to a clinical associateship in the Department ofMedicine in Rush Medical College.Francis Howe Straus to a clinical associateship in the Department ofSurgery in Rush Medical College.Thomas Gervase Walsh to a clinical associateship in the Departmentof Medicine in Rush Medical College.James Lisle Williams to a clinical associateship in the Department ofMedicine in Rush Medical College.Maude Hall Winnett to a clinical associateship in the Department ofMedicine in Rush Medical College.THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 225LEAVES OF ABSENCEThe following leaves of absence have been granted during the SpringQuarter:Margaret Burns, Assistant Professor in the Department of PhysicalCulture, for either the Winter or Spring Quarter, 1926.Mayme I. Logsdon, Assistant Professor in the Department of Mathematics, for the year 1925-26, to study on a foreign fellowship.RETIREMENTSDuring the current year a number of members of the faculties,who have long and faithfully served the University, are retiring fromits active service. The following are those who have recently retired, orwho in the near future, will cease actively to present courses in the University:John M. Coulter, Albion W. Small, C. F. Castle, T. L. Neff, MarionTalbot, F. J. Miller, B. S. Terry, W. D. MacClintock, A. H. Tolman, IraM. Price, D. J. Lingle, Karl Pietsch.DEATHSMr. Charles F. Grey, for many years a sympathetic friend of the University and on many occasions a liberal donor to its funds, died on May10, 1925.The death of President Burton, on May 26, 1925, was announced atthe meeting of the Board on June n, 1925. A committee to prepare amemorial for preservation in the minutes of the Board was appointed.GIFTSThere has been received from Mr. C. L. Ricketts the manuscript ofComes tor (Petrus) Historia Scholastica. Mr. Ricketts describes it as "anold manuscript on vellum that has been knocking around this world forseven hundred years or more."At the special meeting of the Board held April 20, 1925, the gift of theWieboldt Foundation of $500,000, for the construction of a building tohouse the Departments of Modern Languages, to be known as "WieboldtHall," was accepted.At the May 14 meeting of the Board the gift of $15,000 from Mr.Charles H. Swift for the purchase of a collection of American plays wasreceived. The collection is to be known as "The Charles H. Swift Collection of American Plays."There was received at the May 14, 1925, meeting of the Board of226 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDTrustees the gift of the estate of LaVerne Noyes of fifty LaVerne NoyesScholarships for students at Rush Medical College for the year 1925-26.A grant from the Carnegie Corporation through the American Association of Museums of $2,500 for investigation of "museum fatigue" byAssociate Professor E. S. Robinson, of the Department of Psychology, wasreceived at the May 14 meeting.A grant of the Medical Research Committee of the National Tuberculosis Association of $3,000 to Dr. Esmond R. Long for the continuationof his study of the "Nutrition of the Tubercle Bacillus" has been received.A gift of the telescope and mounting belonging to the late ProfessorParkhurst, now located in the Snow Building at Yerkes Observatory, hasbeen received from his widow, Mrs. Anna G. Parkhurst, by the Board ofTrustees.A grant of the National Research Council of $10,300 for the supportof the work under Professor Lillie and Dr. Moore on the biology of sexhas been received.Under the will of Frederick Ives Carpenter, deceased, the Universityis to receive $10,000 under certain conditions. The will directs that theprincipal of this sum and all accumulations thereon shall be used to purchase books for the English Department of the University.Under the will of Charles L. Hutchinson, deceased, the Universityis to receive $50,000 upon the death of Mrs. Hutchinson.As his contribution to the Development Campaign of the University,Mr. A. E. Norman, of New York City, has given $100,000.The Wyvern Club has presented approximately $2,500 for the continuation of the scholarship known as "The Wyvern Scholarship." Thescholarships are preferably for the aid of members of the Wyvern Club.At the meeting of the Board of Trustees held June n, 1925, three portraits of members of the Faculties were presented to the University:The portrait of Professor Stuart Weller, of the Department of Geology, painted by Roy H. Collins, and presented by former students andassociates on the staff of the Departments of Geology and Paleontology.The portrait has been hung in Walker Museum.The portrait of Albion W. Small, retiring head of the Department ofSociology, painted by Ralph Clarkson, presented by Mrs. Lina SmallHarris, Professor Small's daughter. It will be placed temporarily inHarper Library reading-room, where portraits of Professors Michelsonand Coulter and of Dean Angell now hang.The portrait of Professor Emeritus William Gardner Hale, Head ofthe Department of Latin from 1892 until his retirement in 1919. TheTHE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 227portrait is the work of Professor Hale's daughter, Miss Virginia Hale, andis presented by former students of Dr. Hale. The painting has been hungin the Classics Building.A gift of $150 has been received from Professor Delzie Demaree, ofHendrix College, to be used as a loan fund for worthy students, eithergraduate or undergraduate, of the Department of Botany.Under the will of the late President Ernest DeWitt Burton, the residueof the estate is given to the University as an endowment fund with certain limitations. The net value of the residuary estate is estimated atapproximately $40,000. It was President Burton's wish that the income"shall be employed by the University for the promotion of the study ofthe Bible and of religion in the United States and foreign countries."The Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial has made grants to theUniversity in the sums of $18,000 and $13,500 for a study of the methodsof civic education employed in various countries and for the purpose ofstrengthening the Department of Anthropology through the appointment of an additional associate professor respectively.The Carnegie Corporation has placed at the disposal of the Universitythe sum of $3,500 for experimentation in art education.MISCELLANEOUSAt the annual meeting of the Board of Trustees, held June n, 1925,the following were elected officers of the Board for one year: Harold H.Swift, President; Howard G. Grey, First Vice-President; Thomas E.Donnelley, Second Vice-President; Robert L. Scott, Third Vice-President;Albert W. Sherer, Acting Treasurer; J. Spencer Dickerson, Secretary;John F. Moulds, Assistant Secretary; and Thomas W. Goodspeed, Corresponding Secretary. The following were also re-elected Trustees for threeyears: Eli B. Felsenthal, Samuel C. Jennings, Frank H. Lindsay, HaroldF. McCormick, Julius Rosenwald, Martin A. Ryerson, and Harold H.Swift. At the same meeting Trevor Arnett was reappointed BusinessManager; N. C. Plimpton, Auditor; and George O. Fairweather, Assistant Business Manager.It has been voted to increase the tuition fees in the Law School from$75 to $80 per quarter and in Rush Medical College from $80 to $90 perquarter, in each instance beginning with the Autumn Quarter.At the June 1 1 meeting report was made that the total receipts of theDevelopment Campaign up to June 10, 1925, had reached $7,513,548.56,including the conditional pledge of $2,000,000 of the General EducationBoard. Five thousand two hundred and sixty-two subscriptions had been228 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDreceived. It will be necessary, it was reported, to secure $1,112,701.44in order to meet the conditional pledge of $2,000,000 of the GeneralEducation Board.It has been voted to name the northern portion of the block boundedby Fifty-eighth and Fifty-ninth streets and Woodlawn and KimbarkAvenues "Dudley Field."The Department of Physical Culture and Athletics has been grantedfor an intramural athletic field the use of the south one-half of the blocklocated between Fifty-eighth and Fifty-ninth streets and Cottage Groveand Maryland avenues.The Board has voted to authorize the use of six additional apartmentsin the building at n 26 East Fifty-sixth Street by married graduate students as a dormitory. The apartments will be furnished and ready foroccupancy at the opening of the Autumn Quarter, 1925.At the May 14 meeting of the Board, Statute 25 of the UniversityStatutes was amended in order to provide for the degree of Th.D. Thisdegree will be a professional degree with emphasis rather on preparationfor vocational religious work than on research and teaching.The following committee to recommend a new President of the University to the Board of Trustees has been appointed: Charles W. Gilkey,chairman, William Scott Bond, vice-chairman, Thomas E. Donnelley,Martin A. Ryerson, Robert L. Scott, Albert W. Sherer, and Harold H.Swift. At the request of the Board the University Senate appointed a cooperating committee consisting of Professors Tufts, Manly, Gale, Woodward, and Dr. Frank Billings, with the following as alternates: ProfessorsCoulter, Laing, and Merriam.PROGRESS OF NEW BUILDINGSInspiring to all members of the University is the steady progressmade toward the completion of new buildings now under construction andthe taking of final steps that must precede the breaking of ground forothers. Two definite events are recorded: The laying of the cornerstoneof the Joseph Bond Chapel of the Divinity School and the beginning ofwork on the buildings for the School of Medicine. Meantime, construction proceeds rapidly toward its final stages in the case of the RawsonLaboratory of Medicine and Surgery, and that of the Whitman Laboratory of Experimental Zoology, provided by Professor and Mrs. FrankR. Lillie. Plans for the University Chapel, for Wieboldt Hall (the buildingto house Departments of Modern Languages), and for the fieldhouse forindoor sports and intramural athletics have reached a point giving hopethat before long all these buildings may be under construction.THE JOSEPH BOND CHAPELThe cornerstone of the Joseph Bond Chapel was laid on the afternoon of April 30. The address of the occasion was delivered by DeanShailer Mathews, of the Divinity School, and the stone was laid by Mrs.Joseph Bond, who gave the funds for the building in memory of her latehusband. Dean Mathews' address follows:"A memorial building is more than a monument. A monument is areminder; a memorial is a symbol. Out from the mass of deeds that makeup a man's character, we select those of which we wish particularly to bereminded by the very form and purpose of the building we erect. Formany of us, and for me personally, the Joseph Bond Chapel thus possessessomething of an almost sacramental quality. It will not only commemorate a noble life, but it will permanently associate that life with thenoblest aspirations of successive generations of youth. A great commercial building could properly symbolize Joseph Bond's business sagacityand vision; this Chapel will typify his faith in God and his confidence inthe mission of the church."A layman's religion is subject to different tests from that of a clergyman. Do the best he can, the minister can hardly divest himself of aninterest in the technique of his vocation. Yet he is more than a meretheorist. Freed from the storm and stress of business, he must constantly229230 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDface the moral problems which business raises. Whatever may be Jbisisolation from the economic struggle, he must be able to understand andminister to the sorrows and joys which come from the world of affairs.He is led from question to question until at last, if he be really a man ofthought, he is able to organize general principles of morality and arouseChristian motives for noble living. The layman is less concerned withtheological processes and more with actual tasks; less with finding truththan with using the truth he possesses. And so it has come to pass thatunder the more or less direct influence of the church, the practical moralsof the world are being made by laymen. The minister finds the ultimatetest of his theology in the morality of the economic world."A chapel testifies to this vital aspect of religion. The Joseph BondChapel will complete the architectural expression of the ideals of ourDivinity School. The noble new building just to the north of us, and Haskell Museum with its wealth of historical material to the south, embodythat spirit of research which is as imperative and sacred to us of the Divinity School as it is to any Faculty of the University. A religion that isafraid of facts, that is ready to compromise with credulity, that rests uponmere tradition, that counts ecclesiastical authority more precious thantruth, has no place in a University like ours. We have no ambition toproduce preachers who merely repeat the message of the past. We believein reality, in a church that is a part of a changing order, in a ministrywhich can publish its faith in that which is more than human, with noterror of investigation or of developing knowledge."But a divinity school is more than a graduate school of research.It is also a laboratory of vital religion. In it men should be taught anever more intelligent confidence in religion, a new practice of prayer, a newpartnership with others in the act of worship, a new sense of reciprocitybetween man and God. A philosophy of religion no more exhausts religion than a treatise on light exhausts the sun. In this Divinity School wesee not only to work together, but to pray together."It is this aspect of the life of a divinity school that this Chapel willserve to express. All of us who knew Joseph Bond feel deeply the beautyand the justice of this union of his memory with the religious life here onthe campus. He had a deep interest in the Divinity School. For years hewas one of its Trustees; he was guide, counselor, and friend to a successionof students who were associated with Immanual Baptist Church and particularly with the great Bible class which he there maintained. Religionto him was more than a convention; it was an uplifting and steadying influence — the power of God in a life beyond most men's lives efficient andPROGRESS OF NEW BUILDINGS 231successful. To us who were his friends, this Chapel typifies his symmetrical character and his regard for young lives consecrated to truth,to the service of man, the church, and the living God. We shall watch thegrowth of its walls with affectionate eagerness. As it finally reaches completion, we shall see in it more than architectural beauty. Through thegenerosity of one who was closer to him than any of us ever dared hopeto be, it will symbolize the contagious courage and virile piety of one whomade the Gospel of Jesus Christ the motive of his daily life. It is morethan a memorial of a human life; it is a symbol of efficient faith and deeployalty to Jesus Christ; a memorial in which through prayer and worshipfuture leaders of the church may be inspired to vicarious Christian livingby the memory of a great Christian."Chaplain Theodore G. Soares offered prayer in the following words:"Giver of every good gift, accept our gratitude for this glad day withall its hope and promise. Here amid the halls of learning, where busythousands seek the knowledge that enriches life, here is a shrine for theheart; here is a place of devotion; here we shall learn to pray and to besilent, listening for thy voice. May the beauty that shall be builded be tous the symbol of the beauty of holiness. May thy young servants calledto be the leaders of the churches here learn to be worshipers in spirit andin truth."We are grateful for the good name that shall be remembered in thisholy place. As the generations of thy young ministers come and go, andhis name becomes familiar on their lips as household words, may theylearn the loyalty of that brave spirit. It will be good for them to think ofhim, the large mind of affairs, the gracious interest in all who worked beside him and under his leadership, the fidelity to the church and devotionto all good enterprise, the reverence toward God, the courage to bearhandicap, to meet hardship, and to struggle through difficulty, the unfaltering trust that nothing could separate him from the love of God,which is in Christ Jesus our Lord."And may she who makes the gift in his name have the rich rewardthat this sanctuary- shall carry on the Christian service of him who toosoon was called away from his great place of usefulness. And in themany years that she may be with us may she know that in this holy placethere is kept alive among us the sacred fire of the prophetic passion, theholy zeal of apostolic fervor, the personal faith of men and women whoseek strength from on high that they may minister to the faith of thepeople who wait upon their ministry."Prosper the undertaking so well begun. May our comrades whowork upon this building be safe from harm. May its holy meaning give232 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDsome glory to their toil. May those who plan and those who labor andall of us who wait in hope come with good success to that great day whenwe shall bring forth the capstone with shoutings of ' Grace, grace unto it.'In Jesus' name. Amen."There were placed in the receptacle within the cornerstone, besidesofficial University publications, pamphlets of the development campaignand student publications; a biographical sketch of Joseph Bond, by Dr.Thomas Goodspeed; The Story of the University of Chicago and The University of Chicago Biographical Sketches, by the same author; and TheNew Testament: an American Translation, by Professor Edgar J. Good-speed. There were deposited also portraits of Joseph Bond; of Mrs.Bond; of Mr. and Mrs. (Elfleda Bond) Edgar J. Goodspeed; of Mr. andMrs. (Louise Bond) Joseph F. Rhodes; of the four children of the latter,Foster, Robert, Kenneth, and David Rhodes; and of William RaineyHarper, Harry Pratt Judson, Ernest DeWitt Burton, Shailer Mathews,and Charles Allerton Coolidge and Charles Hodgdon, the architects.THE SCHOOL OF MEDICINEGround was broken the afternoon of May 7, at Fifty-eighth Streetand Ingleside Avenue, for the buildings for the School of Medicine. Theceremonies were informal, consisting of a brief address by Vice-PresidentTufts, who sketched the history of the University's great project formedical education, and a response by Dr. Frank Billings, one of those whohas worked most arduously for the enterprise and given most generouslyto it. Following the addresses, delivered to an assemblage of membersof the University and particularly members of the Faculties of the Medical Departments and of Rush Medical College, Dr. Billings manipulatedthe lever of the giant steam shovel and the excavation was begun.The buildings now under construction are the Albert Merritt BillingsMemorial Hospital, which is to face south on Fifty-ninth Street betweenEllis and Drexel avenues and to cost about $2,000,000; the Epstein Dispensary, to cost about $200,000; the Medical Building, to be built immediately north of and adjoining the hospital, at a cost of about $450,000;the Surgical Building, to be erected adjoining the hospital, across a courtfrom the Medical Building, at a cost of about $400,000; the PathologyBuilding, to cost about $450,000; and the buildings for physiology andfor physiological chemistry and pharmacology, to cost about $425,000each. The large area of land set aside includes space adequate for theerection, when funds become available, of buildings to be devoted tospecial branches of medical research, such as psychiatry and obstetrics.WHITE SPRINGTHE JOHN BILLINGS FISKE PRIZE POEMBy GEORGE HILL DILLONCommittee of Award: Harry Hansen, of the Chicago Daily News; Witter Bynner;and Professor John Matthews Manly, of the University of Chicago.1. NO QUESTIONSeeing at last how each thing here beneathThe glimmering stars is lawful: having foundBy a wide watch how scrupulously DeathTo keep his tacit promises is bound,How from their vagrance the disbanded dustsResume integrity in blood or bloom,How punctually the sunstruck red rose thrustsIts rigid flame into the golden gloom-Knowing that ultimate prospect where appearsThe accurate ebb and flood of furious water,The undirected wind's clean course, the sphere'sDeliberate strong spinning, I would utterNo question now, nor prosecute in wordsWhy birds must fly, seeing the flight of birds.2. IN TWO MONTHS NOWIn two months now or maybe oneThe sun will be a different sunAnd earth that stretches white as strawWith stony ice will crack and thawAnd run in whistling streams and curveIn still blue-shadowed pools. The nerveOf each pink root will quiver bareAnd orchards in the April airWill show black branches breaking white.Red roses in the green twilightWill glimmer ghostly blue and swellUpon their vines with such a smellAs only floats when the breeze is loudAt dusk from roses in a crowd.I know that there will be these thingsRemembering them from other springs.All these and more shall soon be seen,233234 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDAs beautiful as they have been;But not so beautiful as theySeem now to be, a month away.3. APRIL'S AMAZING MEANINGApril's amazing meaning doubtless liesIn tall, hoarse boys and slipsOf slender girls with suddenly wider eyesAnd parted lips;For girls will wander pensive in the springWhen the green rain is over,Doing some slow, inconsequential thing,Plucking clover;And any boy alone upon a benchWhen his work's done will sitAnd stare at the black ground and break a branchAnd whittle itSlowly; and boys and girls, irresolute,Will curse the dreamy weatherUntil they meet past the pale hedge and putTheir lips together.4. WHITE SPRING WEDDINGOver the last low hill of spring like a starThe bridegroom comes.Virgin, open your door to the pale night —You who dwell eternally in spring,Open your door and search the long pale path.The bridegroom comes; he has come farOver the turbulent valleys and hills of the world,The valleys and hills where the winds and the waters are.He is swept white,He is burned clean. From his terrible bathHe comes: his white limbs shine.Once more the white flowers like dew descend on the world.Once more the round world ^Glimmers like glass with the white moon-blossoms of spring.Virgin, awake: your lover comes to bringWhite presents of clear flame and crystal wine.Now rise; and open now to him who gleams.He comes all white to you. O letHim come, O let him enter very soon.His thoughts are white; his heart holds dreamsThat flash like fishes shimmering in a netUnder the moon.WHITE SPRINGHe is purged to his soul. O he has knownThe flowers and fruits, and every hill and hollow.And now the colored fire of his passion is blownInto the dark, and he comes all alone.No torches follow.At last his lips are cleansed; they are ceased from scoffing.He comes from cities and the cities' nights,The long streets flowingWith long pale burning rivers of lights.He has seen the young lovers goingHuddled and laughing.This thing of all remains; he knows all this.Passion has gone before him where he fared,And he had gladly tossed it anything,And any girl had had his ready kiss.At last he is prepared.He knows of spring for he has dreamed of spring.He hears the white roots stirring.His dreams unfold translucent as a rose.He knows the white flesh of flowers and the smellAnd how it drifts inescapably at dusk. He knowsThe twilights of spring, the far moist slurringOf the dark voices of dim birds uponDark tangled twigs. They have a keen distress.Their cries have floated in the blue oblivion,Their floating cries have cut the hollowness,The stars thronging.He knows the birds, he has heard their call, he knowsThe starry nights of spring and the whiteWinds blowing early and the whiteDays emerging, and twilight.He knows the dawn.And the wild perfume subtly surging, the wild pulse invisibly under,the longing under it all in spring, and the white thunder of spring.At last he comes.O he is drenched with beauty, he is burned cleanWith the white flames that flow in a secret river,Flowing in secret and silence for ever and ever.There is no stopping their flow. Men have not seenThe burning brimming pool that floods his soul:His soul is deep.A well for all the rains and the waters of living,Holy and pure and stored for this ultimate giving,The waters and rains and dew and the tears men weep.THE UNIVERSITY RECORDBeloved; amorous priest,He brings his soul to you. His soul is white:Water or flames or flaming waters or flame like the water,The certain crystal core of the fires that gutterAnd wither in the night.(And flowering in the night, the star:Released.)At last he comes.He has come far.5. ANNIVERSARYForgive, my quiet decaying lady, that IWent back upon that shore we found togetherWhere delicate lithe willows kneel, and whetherOr not you care (being quiet now), try — tryFor my sake — to forgive two breasts that seemedAs strong and white as yours, or more, or less And did I never remember? — never? .... I guessThere may have been a moment when I dreamed.But the waves slapped softly as ever and there was white flameOf many stars in the sky, and the slow moon thereCame drifting over the water, and from whereThe distant dancers were the music cameDrifting over the water, and on the shoreThe willows were as lovely as before.6. THE WORLD GOES TURNINGThe world goes turning,Slowly lunging,Wrapped in churningWinds and plungingRains. The landAnd the waters turn.The mountains standStolid and stern.But the rivers slideGently in valleys;Lithe fishes glideIn their cold alleys.And there are creaturesOf various formsAnd various natures.Rosy wormsWallow at dawnIn pools of dew.Cloud-white uponAmazing blueWHITE SPRINGThe silken billowBellies and fills,A windy pillowFor the heads of hills.Ships fling a flagAnd a golden sailDown seas whose shaggyWaters paleOn a rock-sharp shoreWhere cold weeds swim.In circle and soarAt the water's rimDisconsolate gullsRide the air.Moons convulseA pond's sleek stareTo wave and rippleMinutely bright.Stars stippleThe roof of night.Under that roofWhere thunders areI stand aloof,Watching a star.What am IThat stand and watch?Two yards high.More than a patchOf blood and bones.For a certain space,More than a stone'sSmooth sightless face.For a little time,A little moreThan the waves that climbOn a timeless shore.More than water,And dust, and all,While pulses flutterTheir mystic smallMiraculous hour.More than a birdThat has no powerOf weeping word.More than creeping,Leaping, wingingCreatures, weepingNot nor singing.23% THE UNIVERSITY RECORDMore than treesThat root in clay More than theseFor a little day.In littlenessProud and lonely,I am lessThan God, only.Two yards high,Under a starIn a windy skyWhere thunders are,I watch and sing!And the long-swayingWind-bells ring,And the churning, brayingWaters lash,And a star floats burning,And clouds crash,And the world goes turning.AWARD OF FELLOWSHIPS, 1925-26Hans Holst AndersenA.B., Iowa State Teachers College, 1923Marguerite Caroline Louise AndradeA.B., Ohio Wesleyan University, 1920A.M., Yale University, 1922Ralph George ArchibaldA.B., University of Manitoba, 1922A.M., University of Toronto, 1924John Geldart AstonS.B., University of California, 1923S.M., ibid., 1924Juliet Lita BaneS.B., University of Illinois, 191 2A.M., University of Chicago, 1919Florence Elberta BarnsA.B., University of Chicago, 19 15Miguel Antonio BasocoA.B., University of California, 1924Edward BaumgartnerPh.D., University of FreiburgJoyce Alvtn BeardenA.B., Furman University, 1923Nicholas Theodore BobrovnikoffCertificate, Faculty of Science of the University ofPrague (Austria), 1924Francis Wright BradleyA.B., University of South Carolina, 1907A.M., ibid., 1909George Everette BreeceA.B., University of Missouri, 1913S.B. in Education, ibid., 1913Ramona BressiePh.B., University of Chicago, 1920A.M., ibid., 1925Rachel Fuller BrownA.B., Mount Holyoke College, 1920S.M., University of Chicago, 192 1William Arthur BrownellA.B., Allegheny College, 191 7 EnglishGeneral LiteratureMathematicsChemistryHome Economics and Household AdministrationEnglishMathematicsPhilosophyPhysicsAstronomyGermanicsSociologyEnglishChemistryEducation239240 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDHelen Brown BurtonA.B., Indiana University, 191 1A.M., University of Chicago, 1922Hilda ButtenweiserA.B., Bryn Mawr College, 1920Will Trout ChambersA.B., Indiana State Normal College, 192 1S.M., University of Chicago, 1924Ching-Yueh ChangS.B., University of Chicago, 1923Alice ChanningA.B., Radcliffe College, 191 5Helen Isabel ClarkeA.B., Smith College, 191 7Sarah Embry ColemanA.B., Randolph-Macon Woman's College, 1910A.M., University of Chicago, 1922Frank Dickinson CoopA.B., King's College, Cambridge University (England), 1916A.M., ibid., 1922Albert Everett CooperE.E., University of Texas, 1914A.B., ibid., 1923A.M., ibid., 1924Walter Pace CottamA.B., Brigham Young University, 191 6S.M., ibid., 1919Stephen Fuller CrockerA.B., Northwestern University, 1921A.M., Princeton University, 1923James Bernard CulbertsonA.B., Central College, 19 13S.M., University of Chicago, 191 7Clifford Austin CurtisA.B., University of Toronto, 1922Henry Evert DeweyA.B., Kalamazoo College, 1913A.M., Oberlin College, 191 8Hedley Seldon DimockA.B., University of Saskatchewan, 1920Donald DooleyS.B., Bethany College, 1920Anna Dean DulaneyA.B., University of Missouri, 1913A.M., ibid., 1922 Home EconomicsLatinGeographyBotanySocial Service AdministrationSocial Service AdministrationRomanceSystematic TheologyMathematicsBotanyEnglishChemistry-Political EconomyEducationPractical TheologyPhysicsHygiene and BacteriologyAWARD OF FELLOWSHIPS, 1925-26 241Marion Hiller DunsmoreA.B., Kalamazoo College, 1920A.M., Pacific School of Religion, 1922D.B., ibid., 1923 Old TestamentChristian Thomas ElveyA.B., University of Kansas, 192 1A.M., ibid., 1923 AstronomyMildred Elizabeth FaustA.B., Penn College, 1921S.M., University of Chicago, 1923 BotanyHelen FotosA.B., McGill University, 1924 GreekJohn FotosA.B., McGill University, 1924 RomanceRalph FoxA.B., Oxford University (England), 1922 SociologyRichard Mason FrapsS.B., University of Chicago, 1924 ZoologyHelena Margaret GamerA.B., University of Chicago, 1922 LatinRaymond Joseph GarverA.B., University of Montana, 1922A.M., ibid., 1924 MathematicsPerctval T. GatesS.B., University of Chicago, 1922 BotanyHarriet GeorgeA.B., University of Minnesota, 1923A.M., ibid., 1924 BotanyDonald GlassmanA.B., University of Missouri, 1924A.M., ibid., 1925 GeologyLois Wilfred GriffithsS.B., University of Washington, 192 1S.M., ibid., 1923 MathematicsPaul Luther Karl GrossS.B., University of Chicago, 1922 ChemistryMilton Herschel HadleyA.B., Earlham College, 1920 HistoryHerman Eliot HaywardA.B., University of Minnesota, 191 7 BotanyHelen Fisher HohmanA.B., University of Illinois, 1916 Political EconomyBernard David HolbrookA.B., Stanford University, 1924 Physics242 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDLelia Houghteling Social Service AdministrationA.B., Bryn Mawr College, 191 1Kathleen Louise Hull BotanyA.B., McMaster University, 1924Wyatt Hawkins Ingram PhysicsS.B., University of Chicago, 191 7S.M.. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1922Eric Pearson Jackson GeographyA.B., Brown University, 1920A.M., Clark University, 1923Edgar Nathaniel Johnson HistoryPh.B., University of Chicago, 1922Elbe Herbert Johnson PhysicsA.B., Olivet College, 191 1A.M., ibid., 1913Mary Zelena Johnson Political SciencePh.B., University of Chicago, 1924Spencer Johnson AnatomyS.B (will receive), University of Chicago, 1925Frederic Theodore Jung PhysiologyS.B., University of Wisconsin, 1919Webster Bice Kay ChemistryB.C.E., Ohio State University, 1922Oscar Edward Kiessling SociologyA.B., University of Wisconsin, 1923A.M., ibid., 1925John Gotthold Kunstmann GermanicsReifezeugnis, Gymnasium Zum HL. Kreuz (Dresden, Saxony), 1913Kurt Friedrich Leidecker PhilosophyA.B., Oberlin College, 1924A.M. (will receive), ibid., 1925James Maurice McCallister EducationS.B. in Education, Missouri State Teachers College (Warrensburg), 192 1Selby Vernon McCasland New TestamentA.B., Simmons College, 191 8Th.B., Southern Baptist Theological Seminary,1922A.M., University of Chicago, 1924Andrew Merritt McMahon PhysicsA.B., University of Iowa, 1916S.M., ibid., 191 7Robert Houghton Marquis MathematicsA.B., University of Missouri, 1022AWARD OF FELLOWSHIPS, 1925-26Coyle Ellis Moore Social ServiceS.B., University of North Carolina, 1920S.M. (will receive), ibid., 1925Mary Craig Needler GreekA.B., University of Toronto, 1922A.M., ibid., 1923Ralph Samuel Newcomb EducationA.B., University of Oklahoma, 191 7A.M., ibid., 1918James LeRoy O'Leary AnatomyS.B., University of Chicago, 1925Georgiana Palmer GreekA.B., Smith College, 1921A.M., ibid., 1924Charner Marquis Perry PhilosophyA.B., University of Texas, 1924A.M., ibid., 1925Walburga Anna Petersen ZoologyS.B., University of Chicago, 1923S.M., ibid., 1924Margaret Pitkin RomanceA.B. (will receive), Swarthmore College, 1925Lambert Micolas Polspoel GeographyLicencie en Sciences Commerciales, University deLouvain (Belgium), 1923Licencie du degre" superieur en sciences commerciales et consulaires, ibid., 1924Marion Llewellyn Pool PhysicsS.B., University of Chicago, 1923Anna Maria Theresa Popper HistoryGraduate, University of Hamburg, 1915A.M., University of Chicago, 1925Downing Eubank Proctor SociologyPh.B., Denison University, 1923A.M., Brown University, 1924George Everett Read PhysicsA.B., University of Nebraska, 1924Arthur Edward Remick ChemistryB.Chem., Cornell University, 1922Hilario Atanacio Roxas ZoologyA.B., University of the Philippines, 1920S.B., ibid., 1922Ernest Lyman Sablne EnglishA.B., Queen's University, 191 7A.M., ibid., 1918244 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDAlbert Nelson SayreS.B., Denison University, 1923Marion SchaffnerPh.B., University of Chicago, 191 1Fred Lewis SchumanPh.B., University of Chicago, 1924Elisabeth McKibben ScottA.B., Wellesley College, 191 9A.M., Radclifle College, 1924Chandoo Nanchand ShahS.B., University of Illinois, 1924Winford Lee SharpA.B., Franklin College, 191 5Raymond Thomas StammA.B., Gettysburg College, 1920Harry J. SternbergS.B., College of the City of New York, 1923Marietta StevensonB.E., Illinois State Normal University, 1916A.M., University of Chicago, 1920Joseph TetlieA.B., St. Olaf College, 1909A.B., Oxford University (England), 1913Hakon Adolf WadellDegree received, College of Gothenborg (Sweden),1915Royal Swedish Military College, 1918University of Stockholm (Sweden), 1920 and 192 1Frank Garrett WardA.B., University of Toronto, 1923A.M., ibid., 1924Rolland Hays WatersA.B., Baker University, 1920S.M., Kansas State Agricultural College, 1924David Lawrence WickensA.B., Morningside College, 1913Ortha Leslie WilnerA.B., Mt. Holyoke College, 1916John Albert WilsonA.B., Princeton University, 1920A.M., American University of Beirut, 1923 GeologySocial Service AdministrationPolitical ScienceHistoryChemistryPsychologyNew TestamentMathematicsPolitical ScienceChurch HistoryGeologyOld TestamentPsychologyPolitical EconomyLatinOriental LanguagesEVENTS: PAST AND FUTURETHE ONE HUNDRED THIRTY-SEVENTH CONVOCATIONThe One Hundred Thirty-seventh Convocation of the University was held inHutchinson Court at 3 : 30 o'clock on theafternoon of June 16. A tent and awningswere spread over the Court, and prior tothe program the large audience listened toselections by the University Band. Candidates for degrees were seated in front ofthe speakers' platform. The ConvocationAddress was delivered by Charles HenryMarkham, president of the Illinois Central Railroad. The Convocation Statement was presented by Vice-PresidentJames H. Tufts. Both the Address andthe Statement appear in this number ofthe Record.The award of honors was as follows:Judith Aaron, Ruth Alma Anis, DavidEdward Barker, John William Barnet,Leslie George Bean, Eva Bloom, JamesAllen Bly, Walter Emil Brackman, Dorothy Beryl Bunting, Anton Behme Burg,May Burunjik, Alice Landon Carter,Jeannette Manning Child, Ruth MargaretClemons, Herbert Wesley Conner, Edward Isadore Contorer, Harriet MarjorieCooper, Margaret Agnes Dunaway, ElsieAlfreda Louise Earlandson, Fred RussellEggan, Helen Elise Engel, Irene AnnaErp, Viola Rose Ertz, Gordon Farrell,Mona Louise Flanders, Dorothy ScheerFreund, Stanley Stanton Fried, HannahTheresa Friedberg, Elizabeth Lucille Garrison, Virginia Gartside, Herbert FredGeisler, Arthur Charles Giese, BernardGinsberg, Irving Goodman, Allis ElspethGraham, Elizabeth Graham, John WilsonGray, John Russell Griffiths, Laura MayGrodey, Alice Josephine Hahn, AlmediaHamilton, Blanche Vilhelmina Hedeen,Charles Abraham Hirsch, John EllisHopkins, Thomas Stephen Hoppe, Jr.,Elmer Hruska, Guy Wesley Jordan, JackKahn, Samuel Arthur Karlin, AntoinetteMarie Killen, Harry Kipnis, Milton Harold Kreines, Samuel Levin, James Markham Linley, Jane Addams Linn, MorrisFrank Lipcovitz, Alberta Malone, KatsuMogi, John Anthony Moretti, Anthony E. Narducci, Mary Nixon, Helen Perzik,Jack Theodore Pincus, Alfred Jacob Piatt,Robert Trigg Porter, Marjorie LouisePryor, Jeremiah Quin, Hilda Ailene Raby,Harriet Phila Ray, James Sears Rich,Donald Trabue Robb, Ernest HaroldRobinson, Walter William Romig, GoldieRosenthal, Carolyn Newton Royall, Harry Ruskin, Bernard Harry Sachar, HenryRichmond Sackett, Miriam Rolfe Schoen,Cecil Michener Smith, Doris Smoler,Samuel Spira, Charlotte Telechansky,Vladimir George Urse, Adrian HubertVan Kampen, William Eugene Vaughan,Oliver George Vogel, James Louis Watson, Walter Alois Weber, James RandolphWebster, John Hopkins Wild, WinifredEllen Williams, Edna Marie Wilson,Marion Eileen Woolsey. The JosephTriner Scholarship in Chemistry: OttoErnest Vander Aue. Scholarships in theSenior Colleges for excellence in the workof the Junior Colleges: John WilliamBarnet, Chemistry; Virginius Frank Coe,Political Economy; George Hill Dillon,English; Helen Elise Engel, French; ViolaRose Ertz, Botany; Morris Frank Lipcovitz, Mathematics; Donald Trabue Robb,Physics; Morris Lando Rosenthal, Greek;Alcide Louis Rosi, Geology; Samuel Spira,Germanics; Beatrice Watson, French;Walter Alois Weber, Zoology; MarionEileen Woolsey, Latin. Scholarships inthe Senior Colleges for excellence in thework of the first three years of the CollegeCourse: Abraham Adrian Albert, Mathematics; Esther Altabe, Spanish; SeymourBerkson, Political Science; Henry Ferdinand Boettcher, English; Benedict SenecaEinarson, Greek; Arthur Herbert Frit-schel, Geography; Samuel William Halperin, History; Mildred Lillian Hoerr, Botany;Victor Johnson, Philosophy; Wilton Marion Krogman, Sociology; Margaret Josephine Novak, Latin; Marie Anna Her-mine Remmert, Germanics; May Yeoman,Psychology; Isabelle Ernestine Williams,Art; Albert Meyer Wolf, Chemistry.The Bachelor's Degree was conferredwith honors: Helen Baxter Angus, MariHelene Bachrach, Edward Paul Bezazian,William Theodore Born, Jr., Annie Flor-245246 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDence Brown, Carolyn Maud Campbell,Robert Samuel Campbell, Virginia Carlson, Dorothy Marr Chilton, Bernice Justine Clifford, Samuel M. Cohen, LebelvaConnelly, Frances Mary Cordesman,Margaret Frances Culver, Louise CamilleD 'Andrea, Herbert William Dassee,Walker Bates Davis, Herbert Cornell DeYoung, Charles Vern Dinges, Jr., GeorgeElliot Downing, Dian R. Felsher, Margaret Elizabeth Freshly, Theodore EmilFruehling, May Louise Fulton, WilliamNelson Fuqua, Gertrude Marcelle Gilman,Harry Theodore Glaser, Sara Ruth Goldman, Martha Agnes Gose, Alrik Theodore Gustafson, Henry Nelson Harkins,Ethel Lyda Hollingshead, Lucille EugeneHoover, Anabel Ireland, Spencer Johnson,Maurice Herman Kaminsky, Harvey Kaplan, William Kelso Keir, Charles MiillerKoeper, William Kooistra, Martha The-okla Kralicek, John Kenneth Laird, Jr.,David Lamberg, Freda Jane Lancaster,Meyer Lebovsky, Griffith George Levering, Victor Levine, Everett MordicaiLewy, Mildred Caroline Lindvall, Dorothy Wilma Loewenthal, Frances WeirMallory, Frances Felice Mauck, MaryElizabeth Mead, Laura Mencl, JohnAlexander Morrison, Herbert Eli Mc-Daniels, Evelyn Loretta McLain, CharlesKline McNeil, Malvern Revere Nettle ton,Sarah Mary Newton, Evangelene LovettNine, Elizabeth Harper Noble, RuthMuriel Pallas, Paul Jeremiah Patchen,Jack Irving Rabens, Catharine GroteRawson, Theodore Roosevelt Ray, Virginia Anabel Rice, Amy Claire Root, LisleAbbott Rose, Lucy Ernestine Baker Ross,Justin Erving Russell, John WheatonSargent, Mandel Lawrence Spivek, Samuel Lewis Stern, Max Swiren, Nell SnowTalbot, Charles Thorne, Philip HenryWain, Gladys Marion Walker, LorraineTaft Warner, Bertha Adeline White, William Henry Whitmore, Jr., DorothyRodick Willis, Elizabeth Purnell Wilson.Honors for excellence in particular departments of the Senior Colleges: HelenBaxter Angus, Kindergarten-Primary Education, Mari Helene Bachrach, Art; Edward Paul Bezazian, Geology; Dorothy-Marguerite Blatter, Kindergarten-Primary Education; Annie Florence Brown,Botany and Zoloogy; Virginia Buell, Art;Carolyn Maud Campbell, French; RobertSamuel Campbell, Botany and Zoology;Dorothy Marr Chilton, History; DorothyMarr Chilton, English; Lebelva Connelly,English; Frances Mary Cordesman, Eng lish; Walker Bates Davis, Law; GeorgeElliot Downing, French; Dian R. Felsher,Art; Margaret Elizabeth Freshley, English; May Louise Fulton, Kindergarten-Primary Education; William NelsonFuqua, French; Gwendolyn ElizabethGiltner, Education; Sara Ruth Goldman,French; Sara Ruth Goldman, English;Martha Agnes Gose, Mathematics; AlrikTheodore Gustafson, English; HenryNelson Harkins, Chemistry; Vera Madeleine Hartwell, Art; Lucille Eugene Hoover, History; Ruth Frances Hyman, Botany; Spencer Johnson, Anatomy; MauriceHerman Kaminsky, Political Science;Maurice Herman Kaminsky, Law;Charles Miiller Koeper, Law; WilliamKooistra, History; David Lamberg, Chemistry; Meyer Lebovsky, Law; MildredCaroline Lindvall, Botany; Dorothy Wilma Loewenthal, Romance; Helen TheresaMahin, English; Frances Weir Mallory,English; Frances Felice Mauck, HomeEconomics; Mary Elizabeth Mead, History; John Alexander Morrison, Geography; Mary Elizabeth McClure, French;Herbert Eli McDaniels, Bacteriology;Evelyn Loretta McLain, Spanish andFrench; Charles Kline McNeil, History;Malvern Revere Nettleton, Psychology;Evangelene Lovett Nine, French; Elizabeth Harper Noble, Latin; Virginia Anabel Rice, Botany; Amy Claire Root,French; Kathryn Ann Roschek, History;Lisle Abbott Rose, English; Clarence Conrad Stegomeir, Education; Cecelia Mildred Sweeney, Art; Max Swiren, Law;Max Swiren, Political Science; RuthHaupert Thomas, Mathematics; CharlesThorne, Geology; Theodore Jacob Ticktin,Law; Eleanor Grace Tierney, History;Gladys Marion Walker, Mathematics;Lucille Crystal Wallace, English; Lorraine Taft Warner, Philosophy; DorothyRodick Willis, English; Elizabeth PurnellWilson, Kindergarten-Primary Education; Amy Zoschke, General Literature.Scholarships in the Graduate Schoolsfor excellence in the work of the SeniorColleges: Annie Florence Brown, Botany;Virginia Carlson, Greek; Dorothy MarrChilton, History; Julia Emery, Sociology;Ira Freeman, Physics; William NelsonFuqua, French; Alrik Theodore Gustafson, English; Henry Nelson Harkins,Chemistry; Helen Morgan Harpel, Italian;Trinidad Jaramillo Jaramillo, Mathematics; Edwin Kunst, Political Economy;John Alexander Morrison, Geography;Evelyn Loretta McLain, Spanish.EVENTS: PAST AND PRESENT 247Election to the Chicago Chapter of theOrder of the Coif on nomination by theFaculty of the Law School for high distinction in the professional work of theLaw School: Thomas Carlin, NathanJoshua Harrison, Scott William Hovey,Charles James Merriam, Adolph JosephRadosta, Jr., Maurice Turner, Saul HenryWeinberg.Election to Alpha Omega Alpha Fraternity for excellence in the work of theJunior and Senior Year at Rush MedicalCollege: Ramon Tenefrancia Altura,Nelson Paul Anderson, Clarence BaxterBrown, Paul Roberts Cannon, Ernest H.Clay, Ralph Wennerberg Erikson, IreneTufts Mead, Richard Biddle Richter,Helen Rislow, William Witten Robinson,George Warren Setzer.Election of associate members to SigmaXi on nomination of two Departments ofScience for evidence of promise of abilityin research work in Science: LeonardCardon, Henry Nelson Harkins, JosephKalish, Louis Stevenson Kassel, WiltonMarion Krogman, Yih Tong Ku, DavidLamberg, John Thomas McCormack,Orlando Park, Agnes Graham Sanders,Carl Johan Sandstrom, Albert NelsonSayre, Chuchia Henry Wang. Election ofmembers to Sigma Xi: William HenryAbbitt, Thomas Dyer Allen, Joyce AlvinBearden, Roy Leonard Beckelhymer,Eustace Lincoln Benjamin, Henry FloydBecker, Ralph Decker Bennett, RobertWesley Brown, Kenneth Heath Collins,Albert Everett Cooper, Zella VenusCrews, Ruth Allen Doggett, EdmundHenry Droegemueller, Alice Foster, Raymond Garver, Katherine Brooks Gunn,Onis Harris Horrall, Edmund JosephJurica, Arthur David Kerns, Earl OswelLatimer, Ernest Lloyd Mackie, Yi-LinMei, William Walter Merrymon, ClaraMarie deMilt, Casper Irving Nelson, Dorothy Virginia Nightingale, FrederickStanley Nowlan, Guy Vernon Richey,Jennie Irene Rowntree, Phillip Fogel-sohn Shapiro, Harry Morrison Sharp,Alfred Walter Simon, Ernst FrederickThelin, Norman Louis Thomas, CharlotteTruesdell, Warren Corydon Wade, Ha-kon Adolf Wadell, Margaret Warthin,Jessie Opal Whitacre, Alice CarolineWillard, Herbert Snow Wolfe, Yui HsunWoo, John Demetrius Xanthopoulos, Es-tuo Yuri.Election of members to the Beta ofIllinois Chapter of Phi Beta Kappa: Abraham Adrian Albert, Edward PaulBezazian, Charles Marvin Blackburn,Brooks Kepler Blossom, William Theodore Born, Jr., Ralph Steele Boggs, Melbourne Wells Boynton, Annie FlorenceBrown, Frank William Bubb, RobertSamuel Campbell, Virginia Carlson (June,1924), Herbert Cornell De Young,Charles Vern Dinges, Jr., George ElliotDowning, Richard Foster Flint (June,192 1), William Nelson Fuqua, DavidManus Gans, Henry Meyer Geisman,Sara Ruth Goldman, Martha Agnes Gose(August, 1924), Samuel William Halperin,Eleanor Ruth Holmes, Victor Johnson,Harvey Kaplan, John Kenneth Laird, Jr.(June, 1924), Victor Levine (March,1924), Frances Weir Mallory, Hugh AllenMiller, Evelyn Loretta McLain (June,1924), Evangeline Lovett Nine, Catharine Grote Rawson, Amy Claire Root(March, 1924), Mandel Lawrence Spivek,Edward Boucher Stevens, Max Swiren,Gladys Marion Walker (June, 1924),Albert Meyer Wolf.The Florence James Adams Prizes forexcellence in Artistic Reading: EdithHeal, First; Marjorie Olson, Second. TheMilo P. Jewett Prize for excellence inBible Reading: Adam Daniel Beittel. TheJohn Billings Fiske Prize in Poetry: GeorgeHill Dillon. The Wig and Robe Prize forexcellence in the work of the first twoyears in the Law School: Joseph Rosen-baum. The Civil Government Prizes:Giles Henry Penstone, First; MasajiMasumoto, Second. The Conference Medal for excellence in Athletics and Scholarship: Harry Gay lord Frieda. Commissions in Field Artillery Officers' ReserveCorps, United States Army: Owen Sars-field Jones Albert, Charles Wyllie Allen,Gerald Richard Gorman, Harry MartinHowell, Victor Levine. Certificates ofEligibility which will entitle the holder toa commission in the Field Artillery Officers' Reserve Corps upon reaching the ageof twenty-one years: Everett MordicaiLewy, Charles Thorne. The Howard Taylor Ricketts Prize for research in Pathology: Florence Barbara Seibert. The National Research Fellowships in Physiology: Marie Agnes Heinrich, Ph.D., University of Chicago, 1923; Carlos IsaacReed, A.B., Ohio State University, 1915.The Susan Culver Rosenberger Educational Prize for a dissertation reportingthe results of an original research in thefield of Elementary Education: William248 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDHenry Burton. The Benjamin RushMedal for excellence in Medicine: NelsonPaul Anderson. The Daniel BrainardMedal for the best dissection in SurgicalAnatomy: Arnold Leo Lieberman. TheL. C. Freer Medal and First Prize for thebest dissertation involving investigationon the part of a Freshman or Sophomorestudent in Rush Medical College: LeoKempf Campbell. The De Laskie MillerPrize, founded by Mrs. C. C. Curtiss,for excellence in Obstetrics and Gynecology: Irene Tufts Mead.Degrees were conferred as follows: TheColleges: the degree of Bachelor of Arts,1 1 ; the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy,240; the degree of Bachelor of Science, 86;the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy inEducation, 51; the degree of Bachelor ofScience in Education, 2; the degree ofBachelor of Philosophy in Commerce andAdministration, 44; the degree of Bachelorof Philosophy in Social Service Administration, 2. The Graduate School of Artsand Literature: the degree of Master ofArts, 75; the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, 14; the degree of Master of Artsin Commerce and Administration, 4;the degree of Master of Arts in SocialService Administration, 3; the degree ofDoctor of Philosophy in Social ServiceAdministration, 1. The Ogden GraduateSchool of Science: the degree of Master ofScience, 28; the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, 19. The Divinity School: the degree of Bachelor of Divinity, 4; the degreeof Master of Arts, 1 1 ; the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, 4. The Law School:the degree of Bachelor of Laws, 9; the degree of Doctor of Law, 48. The RushMedical College: the Four- Year Certificate, 42 ; the degree of Doctor of Medicine, 47.During the academic year 1924-25 thefollowing degrees have been conferred:the degree of Bachelor of Arts, Philosophy, or Science, 820; the degree of Bachelor of Laws, 22; the degree of Master ofArts or Science, 370; the degree of Bachelor of Divinity, 10; the degree of Doctor ofLaw (J.D.), 70; the Four-Year Certificatein Medicine, 148; the degree of Doctor ofMedicine, 133; the degree of Doctor ofPhilosophy, 113 — total, 1,686.The Convocation Prayer Service washeld at 10:45 A-M- in Hutchinson Hall.At n :oo a.m., in Leon Mandel AssemblyHall, the Convocation Religious Servicewas held. The preacher was Rev. Theodore G. Soares, the University Chaplain. HONOR TO PROFESSORMICHELSONAt the One Hundred Thirty-seventhConvocation, Professor Albert A. Michelson was appointed to the first of the Distinguished Service Professorships established as an outgrowth of the Universityprogram of development. The professorships are created by contributions of special funds of $200,000, insuring to theappointee salaries of virtually $10,000 ayear. Either men already members of theUniversity Faculty, or men called fromother institutions, may be recipients ofthe honor, which is intended to be both arecognition of eminent scholarship and anencouragement to young men to enter theteaching profession. The presentation atthe convocation was made by Vice-President Tufts, in the following words:"The status and salaries of scholars andteachers signify not only what is necessaryin order to secure the services of eminentmen, or what is required to maintain aproper standard of living. They signify indirectly, but no less surely, the estimateplaced by the community upon the importance of science and education. Andhence, they encourage or discourageyoung men and women in their choices ofthe life and work of scholar and teacher."In accordance with this larger view ofthe meaning of a salary, the Universityat the outset fixed a liberal scale for itsmost eminent members. Changed conditions have brought new requirements,but we must desire to recognize distinguished service in the fields of creativework and in the inspiration and guidanceof future scholars and teachers. It wascharacteristic of the definiteness withwhich our late President translated general purpose into concrete expression,that he accepted the title ' DistinguishedService Professorships' as recognizing thenext forward step in this direction. TheUniversity announces today the inauguration of these distinguished service professorships. We believe that this is signi-cant, not merely as a just recognition andencouragement of the individuals whohave devoted their lives unsparingly tothe pursuit of truth and to the cause ofeducation, but also for the encouragementof young men and women who are deciding upon their life-careers. It would beunfortunate if anyone were to choose thecareer of scholar or teacher chiefly on thebasis of financial returns. It is, however,EVENTS: PAST AND PRESENT 249highly unfortunate if young men of powerand promise turn away from the profession because it is not recognized as important."The University today announces notonly the inauguration of this professorship, but the first appointment thereto.Mr. Martin A. Ryerson, whose service asmember and President of the Board ofTrustees has been of such signal devotion,and whose liberality has not only builtRyerson Laboratory, but aided in numerous of the enterprises which the University has supported, is establishing a Distinguished Service Professorship. In deciding upon the person to fill the first ofthe Distinguished Service Professorshipsthere was fortunately no difficulty. Although our Faculties number many menwho have given distinguished service tothe University and to the world, all havefelt it appropriate that our first choiceshould l?e the 'man who has taught aworld to measure' — Albert A. Michelson."You, Sir, have been a member of theFaculty of the University since its foundation. You have received from institutionsand societies of this and other lands themarks of honor and distinction whichrepresent the estimation of the world ofscience and letters upon the brilliance,the constancy, the single-mindedness ofyour labors."Yet I trust that as representing thehonor, esteem, and affection in whichyou are held by your colleagues, by theTrustees of the University, and by thegenerous friend who has done so much tomake your work here among us possible, this recognition will come to you aspeculiarly welcome. It is the hope of allof us that you will long continue to advance the boundaries of human knowledge."ALUMNI REUNIONThe Alumni Reunion of 1925, becauseof the death of President Ernest DeWittBurton, was lacking in the gay festivitiesof previous years. The University Sing,however, at first canceled because of thedeath of the President, was held as usual,in accordance with the request of Mrs.Burton.Athletes representing nearly everyteam that has fought under Maroon colors attended the annual C Dinner, Thursday, June n, which opened the three-dayprogram of the University's 1925 reunion. These men pledged anew their loyalty tothe Alma Mater.On Friday, June 12, twenty-two members of the class of 1900 attended thetwenty-fifth anniversary of the class atthe Quadrangle Club. At the same timethe classes of 1905 and 191 5 celebratedtheir twentieth and fifteenth anniversaries. The following day the classes of 1916and 19 1 7 held a joint luncheon at theQuadrangle Club.Alumni Day on Saturday opened withthe annual Alumnae Breakfast, held thisyear in honor of Miss Marion Talbot,retiring Dean of Women. Miss Talbotwas the guest of honor and the principalspeaker. The affair was attended byabout 250 women graduates of the University. The afternoon was filled withinformal receptions in the halls, visits tofraternities, and luncheons.More than 300 Alumni attended thedinner at 6:00 p.m. in Ida Noyes hall. Amusical program was given by the Band;the Glee Club; and Fred Wise, 1917,vocal soloist. Earl Hostetter, 1907, Chairman of the Alumni Council, presided. Atthe opening of the dinner, the Alumnistood for a minute in silent tribute toPresident Burton. Harold H. Swift,President of the Board of Trustees, described the loss suffered by the Universityand the Alumni in the death of PresidentBurton. Subsequently the Alumni passeda resolution of appreciation for Mr. Swift'sinterest and loyalty and pledged him byrising vote the continued support of theAlumni in the University's developmentcampaign.The Sing which followed brought nearly1,800 fraternity men into fine as singers,and is said to have been one of the mostimpressive in the history of the University. Coach Stagg again officiated atthe post-Sing ceremonies and awarded"C" blankets to retiring athletes. TheSing and the Reunion ended with thesinging of "Alma Mater," which was accompanied by the chimes from MitchellTower.GENERAL ITEMSThe University Preachers for theSpring Quarter were: April 5, PresidentClarence A. Barbour, Rochester Theological Seminary, Rochester, New York;April 12, Dean Charles R. Brown, YaleDivinity School, New Haven, Connecticut; April 19, President Bernard I. Bell,250 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDSt. Stephens College, Annandale-on-Hudson, New York; April 26, Rev. M.Ashby Jones, Ponce de Leon AvenueChurch, Atlanta, Georgia; May 3, Rev.John R. Ewers, East End ChristianChurch, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; May10, Dr. Ewers; May 17, Dean Willard L.Sperry, Harvard Theological School,Cambridge, Massachusetts; May 24, Dr.Sperry; May 31, Rev. James Moffatt,Editor of the Expositor, Glasgow, Scotland; June 7, Dr. Moffatt; June 14, Convocation Sunday, Rev. Theodore S.Soares, University of Chicago.The twenty-sixth annual meeting anddinner of the Beta of Illinois Chapter ofPhi Beta Kappa was held at the Quadrangle Club June 9. The speaker of theoccasion was President Emeritus CharlesF. Thwing, of Western Reserve University.Rev. Charles W. Gilkey, pastor of theHyde Park Baptist Church and Trustee ofthe University, has returned from India,where he gave the Barrows Lectures during the past winter. He gave lectures inten different colleges, and the total attendance was reported as nearly 40,000. Bombay, Lucknow, Lahore, Calcutta, Rangoon, and Madras were the student centers visited, and lectures were given alsoin Ceylon.Two members of the University Facultyhave received appointment to fellowshipsunder the Simon Guggenheim MemorialFoundation and will leave within a shorttime to pursue investigations in theirfields. Professor Quincy Wright, of theDepartment of Political Science, will visitthe Near East and study the political andeconomic effect of the operation of themandates in Syria, Palestine, and Mesopotamia. Clark Harris Slover, of the Department of General Literature, will goto Ireland and there seek to discoverwhether cultural contacts took place between the Irish and British peoples during the first ten centuries a.d. sufficientto justify the theory that much of theliterature of Britain is of Celtic origin.Professor Paul Shorey, Head of the Department of the Greek Language and Lit erature, has received from the Universityof Liege, Belgium, the diploma of the degree of Doctor of Letters and Philosophyconferred on him in absentia after thecompletion of his lectures on Platonism inFrance and on the evolution of Aristotle.The degree requires the unanimous concurrence of the faculty and has hithertobeen conferred only on Cardinal Mercier.Announcement was recently made thatDean Shailer Mathews, of the DivinitySchool, is to receive the degree of Doctorof Divinity from the University of Glasgow. John Matthews Manly, Head of theDepartment of English, was given the degree of Doctor of Literature at the recentcommencement of Yale University. DeanSophonisba P. Breckinridge was honoredby the University of Kentucky, where shespent her first college days, with the degree of Doctor of Laws.Miss Marion Talbot, who retired thisyear as Dean of Women, has been electedto life-membership in the American HomeEconomics Association. This action wastaken in appreciation of the work of MissTalbot in household administration andhome economics, both at the Universityand throughout the country.Dr. H. Gideon Wells, Professor ofPathology and Director of the Otho S. A.Sprague Memorial Institute, was electedto membership in the National Academyof Sciences at its last meeting.Professor James H. Breasted, who returned in May from inaugurating thework of the University of Chicago Research House at Luxor, Egypt, gave aseries of lectures at Cornell University.Professor Breasted then visited England,organizing study of Egyptian coffin texts.Study of Chaucer will be advanced bythe work of the Department of English,under Professor John Matthews Manly, inobtaining a photostatic copy of one of themost famous manuscripts of the Canterbury Tales, and the completion of arrangements for obtaining photostatic copies ofsixty-five other manuscripts. They willbe used to make a scientific critical textof the classic.ATTENDANCE IN SPRING QUARTER, 1925192S 1924Gain LossMen Women Total Men Women TotalI. Arts, Literature, and Science:i. Graduate Schools —Arts, Literature 37i376 284121 655497 286367 266106 552473 10324Science Total 74761866228 40S52152833 1,1521,1391,19061 65359867734 37253947526 1,0251,1371,15260 12723812. The Colleges —Senior Junior Unclassified Total 1,3082, 055114639 1,0821,4872745 2,3903,5421411044 1,3091,962105235 1,0401,4121773 2,3493,374122938 411681916Total Arts, Literature, andScience II. Professional Schools:i. Divinity School —Graduate Unclassified Chicago Theological Total 15911457 36226 19513663 14210762 2720IO 16912772 269*2. Medical Courses —Graduate Senior 97 7 7 7Total 17810791172 28 8*162 20610871334 176 30 2063. Rush Medical College —10871334Third-Year Total.. 20814668735 2653 23415171735 23497*54. Law School —Graduate 1386380 4I 1426480*Senior Candidates for LL.B 7Total 29217371451831 8180619281 300197431642112 281254114917I 5233720203 286258481691959 14"'16'5. College of Education 6. School of Commerce and Administration —Graduate 615Senior 5Junior Unclassified 7Total 36613 543816 4205116 37i7 5o2212 4212912 .224 17. Graduate School of Social ServiceAdministration —Graduate Undergraduate Total 131,2333,288252 543861,87334 67I,6l95,l6l286 71,0022,964243 343791,79134 41I,38l4,755277 26238406Total Professional Total University Net Totals in Quadrangles . 3,036 1,839 4,875 2,721 1,757 4,478 397 ......University College 432 1,287 1,719 517 1,198 1,715 4Total 3,46850 3,12638 6,59488 3,23839 2,95573 6,193112 401Net Total in the University 3,4l8 3,088 6,506 3,199 2,882 6,081 425 251252 ATTENDANCE IN SPRING QUARTERATTENDANCE IN SPRING QUARTER, 1925Arts, Literature, and Science Divinity School Medical Courses Rush Medical College Law School College of Education School of Commerce and Administration Graduate School of Social Service Administration. .Total..Duplicates .Net Total in Quadrangles.University College . Total. .Duplicates .Total in the University.Grand Total Graduate1,152176136230151435ii,9391471,79235o2,14242,1386,506* Unclassified students.MAX MASON