The University RecordVolume X JULY I924 Number 3THE PROBLEMS OF A GREAT CITY1BY THE HONORABLE WILLIAM E. DEVERMayor of ChicagoI am sure that, speaking on behalf of the people of Chicago, in that Iam for the moment its official representative, I cannot help congratulating this wonderful institution — perhaps the most wonderful in Chicago—on this occasion.The University of Chicago is an institution that we are all intenselyproud of. So I feel rather keenly the honor that has been conferred uponme today in that for the moment I am permitted to represent the cityat these impressive and significant exercises.The theme that has been given to me might seem to be a somewhatnarrow one, in view of the fact that so many of the graduating class andof the Faculty and perhaps others who are present come from all overthis great nation. But, after all, upon deliberation I believe you willagree that the problems that are present with us in Chicago are not ,peculiar to Chicago, in the main.We have had a transformation going on during and since the greatworld-war that sometimes I think has not been sufficiently noted, evenby the great schools and universities. In the old days the student wastaught that the United States was divided into two great departments ofgovernment — the national and the state government— aiid for more thanone hundred years a conflict of opinion has gone on concerning thegovernmental limitations of these two departments.Recently a new and somewhat disturbing element has appeared inour governmental organizations. Within the last twenty-five years there1 Delivered at the One Hundred Thirty-third Convocation of the University,held in Hutchinson Court, June 10, 1924.189190 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDhave grown up in America great municipalities the government and thecontrol of which, if not more important, have become in a large measuremore difficult than those of the state government. And I think it maybe said at this moment that our state governments in this new development are becoming somewhat blurred. We have today two other greatgovernmental organizations performing in the main the service that wasintended to be performed by the state government in accordance withfundamental principles of our Federal Constitution.I do not know, and no one can tell at this moment, whether this newdevelopment in our governmental affairs is fraught with danger orwith benefit to the country.In Chicago, the things with which the city government has to do,the work that is imposed upon the mayor and upon the board of aldermen,are generally of more importance to this community than any publicbenefits usually sought by legislation in Springfield.So I want to speak to you just a moment about some of the problemsthat confront us at this time in Chicago, bearing in mind this onethought, that what we have to endure here and what we have to providefor in Chicago are simply expressive of conditions that exist in a greateror less degree in all of the great cities of this nation.In the first place, we have great physical problems — the promotionof great physical improvements, providing for not only the needs of thepresent generation but those of the generations that are to come.Some twenty-five years ago a great architect whose name is writtenindelibly into the history of this community — Mr. Daniel Burnham —created what is known as the "Chicago Plan." These plans are nowbeing worked out, and the construction provided for by them is beingdone under the advice of an organization officially named the ChicagoPlan Commission.Upward of sixty million dollars have been spent in Chicago in construction work recommended by the Commission, and we are in immediate need of something like fifty million dollars more to complete workalready begun.Those plans include the completion of Ogden Avenue, a great boulevard which runs from Lincoln Park to Union Park; they provide for thestraightening of two great boulevards on the West Side of the city —Western Avenue and Ashland Avenue — both beginning at the extremenorthern limits of the city and extending to its extreme southern limits.That work is approximately half completed now. To complete it willcall for the expenditure of something like twelve million dollars more.THE PROBLEMS OF A GREAT CITY 191We are about to begin the reconstruction of South Water Street.This project will be one of the most impressive things that Chicago hasso far attempted. The plans provide for a double-deck street on SouthWater Street, -the lower level of the street to be used for heavy- trafficpurposes, and the upper level, which will be about on a level with thesouthern approach to the Michigan Avenue bridge, will be used forlight-traffic purposes.We have already adjusted all our differences with the property ownersalong the right of way. The other day $10,000,000 was voted to completethis work. We are going to begin the work immediately, and whencompleted it will cause a very significant transformation in the physicalconditions along the Chicago River. It will relieve Loop congestion,which is another one of our very emergent problems, by 41 per cent, andit will open up, for the first time in Chicago, a great highway leading andradiating into the great northwest, west, and southwest sections of thecity.We have another problem in Chicago known as the "railway terminalproblem." That problem is difficult enough to try the abilities of anyman, however technically trained. Chicago has a unique condition onthe South Side. We have but one light-traffic street leading out of theLoop to the great South Side; only one highway for automobile trafficthat is really useful for that purpose, and that is Michigan Avenue —not a very impressive street at that. That street brings in all ourlight traffic from the Indiana border line and beyond. Four otherimportant north and south streets extending between the Chicago Riverand the lake are entirely closed to traffic. This is true of many of theeast and west streets extending between Roosevelt R'oad and Van BurenStreet and between the river and Dearborn Street.When Chicago was younger, several great railway systems whoselines radiate all over the United States into Canada, to the easternseaboard, the gulf, and the Pacific Coast fixed their terminal stations ata point just south of Van Buren Street where the Chicago River deflectstoward the east, thereby closing or preventing the opening of the streetsI have referred to, causing conditions, which, because of the greatgrowth of the city and the development in the business district, havebecome intolerable.We have already spent approximately half a million dollars for thepurpose of determining whether the railway companies would or couldagree with us on some plan for the removal of those terminal stations,permitting thereby opening of the streets.192 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDWhen this administration went into office, we were compelled toadopt other tactics, if this problem was to be solved. We called thepresidents of the railways into the mayor's office; fourteen of themcame, and we informed them that if these railways would not undertaketo solve the problem by building a great union station to house comfortably these passenger terminals, the city would go ahead and condemntheir property and open up those important streets. I believe theythought we meant it. At least, they have now provided for a union-station organization, made up of the presidents of all the great railroadsthat have their terminals at this point. They have appointed legal,finance, and engineering committees to prepare preliminary plans, andonly last Friday the United States Senate passed and the President hassigned a bill permitting the city to straighten the Chicago River at thatpoint, making 4! acres of new land, high-priced land that will be worth,when this improvement is completed, many millions of dollars. Ourhope is that the final solution of this most troublesome and in all perhapsthe most important physical problem with which the city has to do maybe arrived at during the term of the present administration. Theproblems of a great city like Chicago are intricate, complex, and theirsolution is frequently extremely difficult.This administration went into office, after a somewhat lengthypolitical experience, and it knew something of the way in which thepopulation and the opinion of Chicago are made up. Sometimes it isthought that we are moving too slowly; some of these problems do lookrather simple on paper, and yet when you consider that we have to dealwith a city council made up of fifty men, that we have to deal with greatdepartments and department heads, you will, I think, conclude that toget an organization so constituted to agree on definite plans, howeversimple and however wise, cannot be done in a few moments' time.Our Police Department in its operations is a constantly recurringsource of trouble for us; not every day but every hour in the workingday, certain police problems are presented in the mayor's office. Thereagain we have to deal with prejudices and opinions of a population thatare not easy to understand by one who has lived here only a short periodof time.Our most difficult police problem has been in connection with ourefforts to bring about enforcement of our laws. During my term ofoffice we have obtained some publicity because of certain efforts thatwe have made to enforce our laws. And this fact alone, that is, that apublic official is commended and is heralded with high praise in theTHE PROBLEMS OF A GREAT CITY 193newspapers and magazines of the country merely because he has performed his plain and unavoidable duty, is a most disturbing symptom.It is quite true that following the world-war there seemed to developthroughout the country a widespread disrespect for law and order. WeAmericans have some reason to be humiliated by the manner in whichthis disregard for law finds expression in our large municipalities; ascompared with the chaos and suffering brought to the other great civilizednations the war touched us but lightly. We lost, indeed, in the struggle,too many of our fine young men, but this experience and the spectacleof the unspeakable agony inflicted upon other nations should have hada sobering influence upon the American mind and conscience.Disrespect for law so prevalent throughout the nation was especiallyacute in Chicago, and when I assumed the office of mayor, I becameearly impressed with the fact that the problem of restoring respect forlaw in Chicago rested squarely upon my shoulders. Stating the matterquite bluntly, organized gangs of beer-runners and bootleggers, who didnot hesitate to murder, threatened the existence of government itself inChicago, so that they might be permitted to carry on an extremely profitable and illegal traffic in liquor in spite of, and in some instances with theaid of, officers whose sworn duty it was to enforce the law. And so anissue was created surpassing in importance any question touching thewisdom or the justice of our prohibition laws. We have taken andpropose to maintain the position that as law-enforcing officers, as officialswho have taken an oath of office to enforce all the laws, we have no rightto question the wisdom of the laws we were called upon to enforce. Themayor of Chicago is an executive and not a legislative or a judicial official.His business is to execute the laws. Officially he has no other power orduty in the premises. It is my belief, then, that this question of lawenforcement is the most important domestic question with which, atthe moment, we have to deal, and I am quite confident that the clear-minded, clear-thinking, God-fearing men and women of this nationare of one mind on this subject.I do not assume that either I or any other man can drive theseunpleasant things entirely out of the life of a great community such asChicago is, but we can at least prevent them from creeping into ourofficial life, from taking charge of our police force or our sheriff's officeor our state's attorney's office or the federal law-enforcing offices or themayor's office. Those things should not be permitted. The questionhas been asked me, on frequent occasions, whether these laws are en-forcible. My duty is to enforce the law just as I find it written on our194 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDstatute books. But I do not wish for a moment to be regarded as sidestepping — if I may use that term — a discussion of certain phases of thisquestion that I think should be discussed quite frankly. Law officials,while they are not officially concerned with the question I have alludedto, still have some means of knowing what they can do when their motivesare what they should be. I wish to go on record in your presence today —and I say it quite sincerely and quite temperately — that if the state'sattorney of Cook County, if the sheriff of Cook County, and if thefederal law-enforcing officers and the mayor of Chicago should allhonestly co-operate their efforts, they can compel obedience to this orany other law that is written into our statutes.The federal, state, county, and municipal governments are spendingannually in Cook County not much less than $40,000,000 for the suppression and correction of crime. I wonder whether if one-fifth of this sumwere set aside to provide preventive measures in the way of parks, playgrounds, and organized athletics such constructive policy might not,aside from its social and human value, provide for an even more efficientpolice service.To one who has had a somewhat extensive experience in the professional and political life of a great city and who has had much contactwith many things of social importance, this occasion has an unusualsignificance. When we contemplate the fact that during this season ofthe year somewhat similar exercises are being held in hundreds, perhapsthousands, of schools, colleges, and universities throughout the nation,we cannot but be inspired by the belief that, notwithstanding manydisturbing experiences, all is well with our country; that the large bodyof well-educated and well-trained young men and women, who in increasing numbers are annually graduated from our great schools and colleges,will be able and willing to provide for the preservation of our governmentand our institutions, for it has become quite evident in the complex socialand political necessities of our time that orderly and progressive government is only possible through the efforts and frequently the self-sacrificeof specially and technically trained men and women. This is why I amso pleased, as the official head of our city government, to be here today toexpress to President Burton, the Board of Trustees, and the Faculty ofthe University of Chicago the city's appreciation of the vitally necessaryservice being rendered, by the University to the community and thenation. The preservation of the high reputation and usefulness of theUniversity of Chicago is a matter of deep concern to Chicago.THE PROBLEMS OF A GREAT CITY 195Since the days of Thomas Jefferson we have recognized that educationis the foundation of true democracy. The strongest nations are thosethat have the strongest schools. It is impossible to emphasize toomuch the importance to America and to our city of developing andmaintaining educational institutions of the very highest type. TheChicago Plan should include provision for the greatest school systemin the world, reaching from the lowest grades to the most difficult kindsof research.It is especially important that our schools should provide trainingfor the privileges and duties of American citizenship. Our democracycan be destroyed only by the indifference of our own citizens. We fearno nation, but we may be alarmed at times by the failure of citizens touse their franchise to protect their interests and advance the publicwelfare. America is not in danger from slackers in war as much as fromcivic slackers in time of peace. The problems of government, local andnational, are growing more and more difficult, and it is therefore increasingly important that our schools and universities lay greater stress upontraining for civic duties.In 1892 the University of Chicago opened its doors to 510 students,serving them with a material equipment of slightly over three milliondollars. That was only a generation ago. Today it stands among thethree or four great research institutions of the world. Its services inother fields have been equally significant. From Canada to Mexico andfrom the Alleghanies to the Pacific there is probably not a single college oruniversity without a goodly share of Chicago-trained men and women onits faculty.In business, in law, in literature, in medicine — in all worthy humanendeavor — the representatives of this institution are rendering distinguished service. Its student attendance and its material resourceshave increased seventeen-fold since its foundation. Take it all in all,its record has not been surpassed in educational annals. Its history doeshonor to the history of the city whose name it bears, and this great pastis and must be only a promise of a greater future.There is, these days, a special reason for turning to our universities.We have quite come to understand that if our civilization is to maintainits advance, there must be a steady increase of scientific knowledge,along with earnest ideals of service on the part of an educated citizenship.It is, accordingly,' entirely appropriate that our great state universityshould be expending annually, for operating expenses and capital account,196 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDan amount equal to the interest on $120,000,000. It is equally appropriate that the University of Chicago should look forward confidently toenriching its service to this community and to the nation. And thecommunity itself cannot but feel the challenge to develop, on the siteof that wonderful "City White" of a generation ago, an even greaterUniversity of Chicago — one worthy of an even greater city of Chicago.I have had personal opportunity to know something of the personnelof the Faculty — Professor Freund, who has in unlimited measure aidedus with his advice at the City Hall during many years of my service therein other capacities. We know of Professor Breasted; we know of thetolerant and able Dean of the Divinity School, Dean Shailer Mathews;and in passing may I say there is one man in this organization, one member of its Faculty, who has done as much, possibly more, for the advancement of good government in Chicago than perhaps any other man inthis community. I do not wish to state it too strongly, but I say itadvisedly, there is no man in Chicago who has done more for efficient,progressive government for Chicago than Professor Charles E. Merriam.We are prone sometimes to boast to others — particularly does thishappen after a visit to Europe — that, after all, this is God's country.Maybe that is true; I am quite inclined to believe it is true, but if it is tocontinue to be God's country, the responsibility of keeping it such restsupon the fine-spirited, the clear-thinking, the clean-minded, the Godfearing men and women who have received their training in such institutions as this. That is almost approaching the emotional, I know, but,after all, it is so entirely true that I have seen fit to speak in this ratherserious way.Politics is inherently an interesting sort of employment. The menand women taking part in politics in Chicago compare fairly well inevery respect with that of the average person of the community. Butwhether they do so or not, whatever their characteristics may be, inwishing you good luck and Godspeed and success in life, I urge that youshould remember that you are citizens of this great nation and that it isyour duty to take active part in public service that lies ahead of all of us.THE PRESIDENT'S CONVOCATIONSTATEMENT1The outstanding fact of the Quarter which is just closing is theincorporation of Rush Medical College as an integral part of the University of Chicago. The first steps in this direction were taken in 1898.A contract looking directly to this consummation was made in 191 7.When in 1923 the execution of this contract was recognized by bothparties to it to be impracticable, a new contract was prepared. Thiscontract was agreed to in October, 1923; it was approved by the CircuitCourt January 4, 1924, and by the Supreme Court of Illinois in a decisionhanded down April 14, 1924. It was signed by Rush Medical CollegeMay 7, 1924, and by the University of Chicago May 8, 1924. Under thiscontract Rush Medical College will continue to exist as a corporation,but, except for the administration of some $35,000 chiefly in scholarshipfunds, which could not be legally transferred to any other corporation,it will cease to function as an educational institution. The class of 1924will receive their degrees from Rush Medical College June 15, but on themorning of the next day its Faculty of some 220 members will becomemembers of the Faculty of the University of Chicago, and its studentbody will become members of the University of Chicago in the samesense in which the students of the Law School or the Ogden GraduateSchool of Science are such. On behalf of the University I extend to allthese— professors and students — a hearty welcome into our communityand fellowship. We believe that this long-desired consummation of thehopes of many years will bear rich fruit for the cause of medical education.In rendering its opinion in approval of the decision of the lower court,the Supreme Court of Illinois took occasion to praise the wisdom andbroadmindedness of those who were responsible for thus bringing intothe University itself a work carried on so long and so successfully firstin independence and later in affiliation with the University. We confidently believe that posterity will reaffirm this judgment, and theUniversity will leave no stone unturned to see that this is in fact the case.The gifts to the University made in the fiscal year now closing,including the property of Rush Medical College acquired by the contractreferred to above, amount approximately to $2,650,000. Of this amount1 Read at the One Hundred Thirty-third Convocation of the University, held inHutchinson Court, June 10, 1924.197198 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDthe sum $2,000,000 consists of the payments of the General EducationBoard and the Rockefeller Foundation in fulfilment of pledges made in1916.Besides these gifts the University has received promises of gifts tothe amount of $528,550.It has always been a part of the policy of the University to be apath-breaker in the work of education. It has aimed not simply tocontinue to impart the kind of education that has become traditional, notsimply to do in a new place what many others are doing in other places,but to add something that needed to be added, or to introduce some newelement by which education would be made more effective. This attitudeand ambition was markedly characteristic of the first President of theUniversity. By the addition to the school year of a Summer Quarter —in which the University offered regular work, and especially advancedcourses in the Graduate School — he introduced into American educationa factor which has probably done more to lift the level of the educationalwork in the western half of the country than any other single fact of thelast forty years. As a consequence of it thousands of teachers, who wouldnever have dreamed, or would have dreamed hopelessly, of the possibilityof a year of study in a European university, have been able to add totheir college training successive quarters of real graduate work whichhave immensely increased their value as teachers. What was a noveltyin 1893 is now the general practice of universities both east and west,and the opportunities which the University of Chicago offers are multiplied many fold in other institutions.The ideal of rendering the largest possible service, which underlaythis plan for a Summer Quarter, found expression also in the developmentof the University Extension Department and the establishment of thePress, which has had a great influence in stimulating research and inextending the sphere of the University's service and influence.Incidental to this extension of the University's service beyond its ownwalls, and in a measure reciprocal to it, has been the calling into theservice of the University, especially in the Summer Quarter, of largenumbers of men belonging to the faculties of other universities or engagedin various forms of public service. The teaching staff for the SummerQuarter which is about to begin will include 116 persons who are notpermanent members of our Faculty. Of these 3 come from Europe,5 from Canada, 108 from the United States.This ambition to contribute to education not simply by giving atraining of a traditional type to a certain number of students, but bysetting forward education itself, improving its methods or quality, orTHE PRESIDENTS CONVOCATION STATEMENT 199broadening its outlook or scope, is still ardently cherished by us. Welike to believe also that, while these things are the common duty of alluniversities, there is some part of the task that is peculiarly ours or forwhich we have a special responsibility, that it is our destiny not toduplicate the work of some other institution, to make one more institution of an established pattern, but to add what otherwise might not becontributed to the total educational forces of the country.With this ambition and thought in our minds, the year just closinghas been one of self-examination and of experimentation.We have considered anew and very carefully the matter of militarytraining in the University. In the midst of the war, the University ofChicago, in common with many other colleges of the country, respondedto the call of the government and established a division of the StudentsArmy Training Corps. After the close of the war, in 1919, in response toa request of the War Department, arrangements were made to establishat the University a Department of Military Science and Tactics, conducting a field artillery unit of the Reserved Officers Training Corps, with astaff of four instructors. The process of adjustment of such a unit,brought into the University from the outside with somewhat differentideals and methods of instruction from those which prevailed in theUniversity, naturally consumed some time. As a consequence of thisfact and of the agitation which has gone on in the country at large respecting the policy which the country should pursue in reference to militarypreparation gave rise to serious consideration of the question, What isthe duty and what should be the attitude of the University in referenceto this whole matter ?After much thought and many conferences both among the officersof the University and between them and the representatives of the WarDepartment of the United States government, the following statement ofthe policy and attitude of the University has been formulated and hasreceived the approval of officers of administration and of the Committeeof the Board of Trustees on Instruction and Equipment.1. The government, presumably and at least officially, representing the mind ofthe people, has decided on a policy of moderate preparedness. This policy is neithermilitaristic nor anti-militaristic, in the sense that it represents a determination not togo to war even for purely defensive purposes, but distinctly precautionary. Under itthe country is hoping to avert war, but is prepared not to be taken wholly at a disadvantage if war should come. It also takes account of the necessity for a certainamount of police duty even in time of peace.2. On the whole, there is much to be said for this attitude of the government.We do not want war; we hope, and will do all in our power, to avert it, even submitting to great loss if necessary, and using every possible effort to settle differencesdomestic or international without resort to force; yet we cannot shut our eyes to the200 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDfact that we may sometime be forced to defend ourselves against aggression, and thatit is necessary for that reason to have a few men who have knowledge enough of militaryaffairs to be fairly quickly convertible into officers capable of training and leading others.3. The government has appealed to the universities of the country and to theUniversity of Chicago in particular, to co-operate with it in raising up a limited numberof such men. This fact itself creates a strong presumption in favor of our complyingwith this request. Unless the policy of the government is clearly wrong, so that it isour duty to resist it, its request in accordance with the policy which has been officiallyand nationally adopted has a strong claim upon us.4. If the University responds to this request, it has a right to demand that thework shall be (a) in all respects of high quality educationally, (b) conducted in thespirit and with the aims above stated — as a means of preventing rather than encouraging war.5. Properly conducted, such work as the Military Department offers has realeducational value, and is on that ground educationally defensible.6. If the work is put on a sound educational basis, and conducted in the spiritabove indicated, and if on this ground and those previously stated it is included in theplans of the University, it ought to have the unequivocal indorsement of the Universityand there should be such a declaration of the University's attitude as would leave thestudents in no doubt that if they choose this work they have the full approval of theUniversity in doing so.It is very satisfactory to add that as the result of further conferencesbetween the representatives of the University and of the War Department, the University is now fully assured that the work of the Department is being conducted in accordance with the ideals hereinbefore setforth, and the War Department gives assurance of its entire satisfactionwith the co-operation which it is receiving from the University.A second matter on which we have been led to reaffirm with freshemphasis an old-established judgment has to do with the purposes ofthat portion of education which belongs to undergraduate days. Wehave renewed our conviction that to achieve its purpose the educationof our youth must be vastly more than a process of impartation andacquisition of knowledge. It can hardly be said too often or too emphatically that the college must concern itself with the development ofpersonalities of men and women who to knowledge have added somethingworthy to be called culture, and to culture high ideals and strong character. It is true that the University is not the only factor in this development. Heredity plays a prominent part. Society outside of collegewalls is a powerful force. The church has its large measure of responsibility, and most of all, the home. Yet the University must takeits share, and that share is not limited to the impartation of knowledge or even to training in methods of acquiring knowledge. It is amany-sided life that the college student lives even when viewed simplyas a college student. It has its companionships, its amusements, itsTHE PRESIDENTS CONVOCATION STATEMENT 201activities of various kinds, its perplexities, and its temptations. Oftenby reason of absence from home, or by the limitations of the home, thereis open to the University an opportunity, and there is laid upon it aresponsibility, for guidance which under other conditions might belongto parent or pastor. Nor dare we take refuge in any narrow definition orconception of education to excuse ourselves from doing our utmost tomeet these responsibilities. The task of making for this Republic citizenswho will maintain its best traditions and meet its new responsibilities andopportunities is a vast and serious one, and none of us who face the opportunity of making a valuable contribution to the achievement of that taskdare shirk it.Nor can it be doubted that the University, and especially our CollegeFaculties, have this opportunity. Few of us who look back on collegedays of our own will fail to recall some powerful influence exerted, notonly on mind but on heart and character, by some personality, not onlywithin college years, but from within the college itself.In these days of classes numbered not by scores but by hundreds andeven thousands, there is grave danger that these things shall be lostsight of. I am sure I reflect the conviction of most of those who havebeen giving thought to the subject when I affirm that we must give alldiligence to see that we do our utmost to create an atmosphere anddevelop relationships and influences that will, as far as is humanly possible,insure the development of strong personalities, not only equipped withknowledge and the means of gaining knowledge, but with clear vision andright purposes and powers of achievement.Not a little has been accomplished in this direction within this year.The College Deans under the direction of Deans Wilkins, Spencer, and Grayhave set themselves with diligence and devotion to establishing personalrelations with their students which will enable them not only to knowwhether those students are attaining the minimum passing mark, but todiscover the special problems and difficulties of these students and in nosmall measure to help them to meet them. These efforts have met withcordial response on the part of the students and have already producedimportant results.But we have in my judgment made only a beginning in the advancethat must be made in this direction. We have far too many studentsliving in lodgings, under conditions that mean that they are gaining buta fraction — an important fraction, but after all only a fraction — of whatcollege life ought to do for them. We must provide residence halls forthese students as fast as possible, and, when we provide them, so construct and so conduct them that they shall be far more than dormitories,202 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDwhich means a place to sleep, or boarding-houses, which means a placeto eat. They should be in effect colleges, fraternities, in which there is aconstant and healthful interchange of thought and development offriendships. Perhaps we shall have to develop officers of a new type tobe the heads and elder brothers of such houses — and though I use masculine terms I am thinking of our women as well as of our men. Theseare not all the things that need to be done. But it must suffice for thepresent to mention these and to reiterate the general proposition that aUniversity which undertakes to conduct colleges, as we do and expectto continue to do, must take its responsibility very seriously, and defineits task in terms of life rather than merely in those of learning.A third conviction which we have always held at the University ofChicago, and which our study for the past year has led us to reaffirm withincreased earnestness, is that for us at least, whatever others may decidefor themselves, the spirit of research must permeate all our work, andthat we must in every way encourage and prosecute the search for newfacts and new truth, and the pressing forward of the frontier of humanknowledge. This conviction carries with it a strong emphasis upon thework of our graduate and professional schools. The days in whichthe task of the University could be conceived to be the passing on tothe new generation of a body of accepted and accredited knowledgehave forever passed. The experience of the centuries, and especially ofthe last half-century, has demonstrated the absolute boundlessness ofthe field of knowledge that is possible to human minds, and has shownboth the tremendous exhilaration that comes in the process of extendingthe boundaries of our knowledge and the immense advantages thatcome to the race from the new knowledge thus gained. Not physicsand chemistry only, not medicine and surgery alone, but history andsociology and education and theology furnish illustrations of what Iam saying.This new task of educated men is almost the dominant note intellectually of our age. Everywhere men are seeking out new facts, discovering new principles, inventing new machines. Commercial corporationshave their research staffs, and research institutes are multiplying almostfrom day to day. All this is desirable. In some respects no doubt thecommercial corporation can further research in its own line more effectively than the endowed research institute, as the latter has someadvantages over the University. One of our colleagues, some years agodeceased, once remarked that the University would be a jolly place towork in if it were not for the students and the necessity of conductingclasses for them.THE PRESIDENTS CONVOCATION STATEMENT 203Yet we cherish here the conviction that in the promotion of researcha University has its own task to perform which cannot be accomplishedby either the commercial organization or the special research institute orfoundation. I must not take time to speak of these at length. It mustsuffice briefly to point out that, to an extent that neither of these othersdoes, the University represents the whole circle of knowledge, and therefore the interrelations of department with department, of biologywith medicine and with sociology, of law with political science, and ofhistory and philosophy with theology. It brings together in daily contactthe workers of these various fields and helps to protect them from thenkrrowness of vision into which extreme specialism tends to lead. Butespecially by that very inconvenience of which our deceased colleaguemade humorous complaint, it tends continually to replenish the race ofinvestigators, and guarantees that the work will go on. It is probablysafe to say that over 90 per cent of the men who man, not only ourUniversity laboratories, but also those of the research institutes and thecommercial organizations, are themselves the product of the universities.To this general conviction that there is a task in the field of researchwhich the universities alone can discharge, we add the strong convictionthat the University of Chicago has here its great opportunity of serviceand as a consequence here also its greatest responsibility.We are situated in the center of our great country, in the midst ofthat Middle West which is today sending more students to college thanany other region east or west. We are in a great city which houses morepeople than the combined population of several states by no means small inarea or in population. Here are to be found the representatives of almostevery type of industry and of every race and color of mankind whichenters into the composite population of our country. By virtue of thesefacts, the city itself is adapted to become a great laboratory for the studyof almost all the great subjects which it is the business of a university toinvestigate, and the very location of the University in such a city both stimulates and facilitates research of every type. We must indeed locate ourgreat telescope for the study of the problems of astronomy in the clearer airof Wisconsin. We must indeed assemble books for the study of historyand languages ancient and modern from all parts of- the world. Butthese are in part minor incidents, in part the necessities that belong to anylocation, and it remains that we possess the very real and substantialadvantage over many other locations that we are in immediate andconstant touch with a vast laboratory for the study of the physical andthe human sciences.204 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDOur freedom of action is limited neither by ecclesiastical nor by civilauthority. The articles of incorporation originally drawn up by theAmerican Baptist Education Society, to which the University owes itsbirth, and recorded at Springfield in accordance with the laws of the stateof Illinois, explicitly accord to the University that freedom, and theprinciple has again and again been explicitly affirmed and recognized bythe University. There is no restraint of bishop or assembly, of politicalautocracy or democracy, upon the freedom of our search for truth in anyfield of knowledge, physical or social, philosophical or theological. Wefreely acknowledge the authority of facts, and the seriousness of the taskof the scholar who searches for facts and by the study of them seeks tofind out truth. We deprecate all hasty and rash judgments and premature announcement of tentative conclusions. But other constraintupon our freedom of research we neither know nor recognize.We are free also to choose the field in which it seems to us that wecan render the largest service. If, as is the fact, we are practically unanimous in our opinion that it is a part of our task to maintain our colleges,and by rational and cautious experimentation to make our contribution to the betterment of college education, and if we recognize it alsoas a service which we are glad to render to the city of Chicago that weoffer to the youth of this city and vicinity opportunities for collegeeducation, then we shall certainly continue this work and shall aim togive at the University the best type of college education which it ispossible for us to develop. And if, as is also the case, we are equallyunanimous in the conviction that it is our duty to make the Universitya center of graduate and professional work, such as does not today existin the United States, then we shall give to this part of our work, andespecially to the prosecution of research in every realm, the emphasiswhich its importance demands. And if we are convinced that we canmake our largest contribution to education and civilization, by givingfirst consideration to the quality of our work and relying upon this toproduce its natural effect on our numbers, then here also we are free to setourselves to attain the highest possible excellence in every departmentof our work.But in making these decisions we have chosen a very large task andone in which progress is exceptionally expensive. Besides the Colleges,we have already our Graduate School of Arts and Literature, our OgdenGraduate School of Science, our Divinity School, our Oriental Institute, ourYerkes Observatory at Williams Bay, Wisconsin, our School of Education,our Law School, our School of Commerce and Administration, our SchoolTHE PRESIDENTS CONVOCATION STATEMENT 205of Social Service Administration. All of these require their laboratoriesand their libraries, their staff of scholars expert in research and in teaching the art of research. In almost every department there is a dearthof first-rate men to fill the various positions in the University and inothers, and this fact and the high cost of living make the maintenanceof a competent faculty a matter of heavy expense. Single departmentscost today what not long ago we should have thought ample to supporta whole institution. But other things than men cost money. Ourbuildings are crowded almost beyond belief or endurance. Our greatHarper Memorial Library was opened twelve years ago, and Classicsand Rosenwald, each with large space devoted to library, in 191 5.Yet today we are desperately pressed for space for books and readers,and our work of research is seriously hampered by these conditions.Physics and Chemistry, the Social Science Group, Education, Theology,and the Colleges are all calling loudly for increased space, and their needis real and urgent. As soon as our new buildings for the Medical Schoolare completed, and indeed before they are finished, we shall need a largesum for the endowment of the research and instruction which will beundertaken in connection with our several schools of medicine.In view of all these considerations, and others that there is not timeto set forth, the University recognizes that it faces an urgent demand fora great development of its work of education and research, and that thisin turn calls for a large increase of financial resources. Thanks to thegenerous gifts of our eastern friends and of the citizens of Chicago, theUniversity's total resources today amount to about $54,000,000. Thestudies of the last year make it unmistakably clear that to enable theUniversity of Chicago to make its contribution to the work of researchand education which the universities of the country must undertake, to theresources which we now possess there ought to be added within the nextten or fifteen years at least an equal amount, and that no small fractionof it should come to us within the next two years.For this great sum we must look largely to Chicago. When inDecember, 19 10, Mr. John D. Rockefeller promised a certain sum ofmoney to be paid in ten annual payments, he accompanied this pledgewith a statement that this was his final gift to the University, and commended the University to the friendly citizens of Chicago as those towhom it should look for the means with which to insure its futuredevelopment. In pursuance of this statement and policy, Mr. Rockefeller discontinued his gifts with the final instalment in 1920 of thesum promised in 1910. In respect to the great foundations created206 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDby Mr. Rockefeller, Mr. Carnegie, and others, the University of Chicago is on the same footing as all other American universities, but ithas no claim on them other than that which is based on the character of its work and its plans for the future, and it has no right ofapproach to the founders as individuals. There is, moreover, the lessreason for the University of Chicago to make such approach to Mr.Rockefeller because he has already given to the University, and throughit to Chicago, $35,000,000, a sum almost or quite without parallel in thewhole history of education. It is but reasonable that he should feel thatthe city whose name it bears and whose citizens have already showntheir interest in it by many generous gifts, both of buildings and endowments, should adopt the University as their own, and make it in fact aswell as in name the University of Chicago. No one who has even animperfect knowledge of the wealth of Chicago can doubt the ability ofits citizens to add to the nearly $16,000,000 which they have given inpast years a sum sufficient to put the University of Chicago in the veryfront rank of the universities of the world.If the sum which I have named seems to any of you a large one, mayI remind you that the universities of Illinois and Michigan and doubtless others also, each has an annual budget of $6,000,000 and that thissum is nearly twice that which the University of Chicago is spending,and represents the income on a capitalization considerably larger thanI have set as the goal which we hope to reach in ten or fifteen years. Imust remind you also that the extent to which the University of Chicagoplans to carry on graduate and research work involves its undertakingthe most expensive part of the whole educational task. The cost ofeducation rises with startling rapidity as one passes upward from schoolto college, and from college to graduate and professional school. If Iowe Chicago any apology it is not for putting the figures too high, butfor underestimating its ability and generosity by setting them too low.To his honor, the mayor, I am very grateful for his large-hearted andbroad-minded appreciation of the achievements and the plans of theUniversity, and for his indorsement in advance of the statements whichI have been making. We can but hope and believe that other citizens ofChicago will share his views, and that when we come to them, as we shallbe coming soon, to present our needs and to offer them the opportunityfor investment in an enterprise which will contribute as very few otherspossibly can to the future greatness of Chicago and the future welfare ofmankind, we shall meet a generous response to our proposals.THE BOARD OF TRUSTEESBy J. Spencer Dickerson, SecretaryAt the annual meeting of the Board of Trustees, held June 12, 1924,the following officers and Trustees were re-elected: Harold H. Swift,President; Howard G. Grey, First Vice-President; Thomas E. Donnelley, Second Vice-President; Robert L. Scott, Third Vice-President;Charles L. Hutchinson, Treasurer; J. Spencer Dickerson, Secretary;John F. Moulds, Assistant Secretary; Thomas W. Goodspeed, Corresponding Secretary. Trustees: William Scott Bond, Ernest D. Burton,J. Spencer Dickerson, Charles W. Gilkey, Howard G. Grey, Charles R.Holden, Charles L. Hutchinson, and Robert P. Lamont. At the samemeeting Mr. Harry B. Gear, of Chicago, was elected a Trustee of theUniversity to succeed Mr. Andrew MacLeish, resigned. Mr. Gear is anelectrical engineer connected with the Commonwealth Edison Company.Trevor Arnett was reappointed Business Manager; Nathan C. Plimpton,Auditor; and William A. Sills, Assistant Auditor.UNION OF RUSH MEDICAL COLLEGE WITH THE UNIVERSITYAt the May meeting of the Board it was announced that the SupremeCourt of Illinois had approved the decision of the Circuit Court, thus permitting the Trustees of Rush Medical College to execute the proposedcontract between the College and the University. This contract wasformally executed under date of May 7, 1924, and the union of the twoinstitutions, first proposed in 1898, was consummated.The formal transfer of the assets of Rush Medical College to the University took place on June 16, 1924, at the opening of the Summer Quarter.Plans have been adopted for alterations of Senn Hall and its eventual connection with Rawson Laboratory, soon to be built. Meanwhile,the Board of Trustees has made an appropriation for repairs of RushMedical College laboratory building in order that some of the worknow being done in the old Rush Medical College building, which is to berazed, may be continued without interruption. Plans and specificationsfor the Rawson Laboratory have been approved by the Committee onBuildings and Grounds.Practically the entire teaching staff of Rush Medical College, numbering over two hundred, has been appointed by the Board of Trustees of207208 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDthe University as members of the Faculty of Rush Medical College of theUniversity of Chicago.Made possible by the union of Rush Medical College and the University the following fellowships and scholarships are offered by the University to students in the Medical Schools upon prescribed conditions:The E. Fletcher Ingals, Jr., Scholarship in Laryngology and Otology,$250; the Thomson-Bevan Fellowship, $500; the Dane BillingsFellowship; $500; the D. R. Brower Fellowship, $250.THE ORGANIZATION OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF MEDICINECoincidently with the incorporation of Rush Medical College in theUniversity, the medical work on the Quadrangles has been organizedunder the name of the Graduate School of Medicine. To emphasizeand guarantee the scientific character of this School, it is organized notseparately from the Ogden Graduate School of Science, but within thatSchool as a part of it. Its Faculty will consist of the President of theUniversity, the Dean of the Faculties, the Dean of the Ogden GraduateSchool of Science, the Dean of Medical Students, the Director of University Hospitals, and members of the Faculty of the Ogden GraduateSchool of Science, substantially half of whose work is in the GraduateSchool of Medicine.ADDITIONAL ASSISTANTS TO* PRESIDENT BURTONThe plans for the development of the University call for additions tothe administrative staff. Dr. John Y. Aitchison, for five years Directorof the Board of Promotion of the Northern Baptist Convention, andMr. Henry Justin Smith, a graduate of the class of 1898, formerly connected with the Standard, and for a number of years news editor of theChicago Daily News, have been appointed assistants to the President.Mr. Nathaniel Butler has been appointed Secretary to the President,succeeding Mr. Edgar J. Goodspeed, who desired to surrender the dutiesof that position in order that he might give greater attention to his workin the Department of New Testament and Patristic Greek.POLICY FOR MILITARY INSTRUCTIONThe Board of Trustees has adopted as the policy for the Departmentof Military Science and Tactics the statement read by President Burtonat the June Convocation, as follows:1. The government, presumably and at least officially, representing the mind ofthe people, has decided on a policy of moderate preparedness. This policy is neithermilitaristic nor anti-militaristic, in the sense that it represents a determination not toTHE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 209go to war even for purely defensive purposes, but distinctly precautionary. Under itthe country is hoping to avert war, but is prepared not to be taken wholly at a disadvantage if war should come. It also takes account of the necessity for a certainamount of police duty even in time of peace.2. On the whole, there is much to be said for this attitude of the government.We do not want war; we hope, and will do all in our power, to avert it, even submittingto great loss if necessary, and using every possible effort to settle differences domesticor international without resort to force; yet we cannot shut our eyes to the fact thatwe may sometime be forced to defend ourselves against aggression, and that it isnecessary for that reason to have a few men who have knowledge enough of militaryaffairs to be fairly quickly convertible into officers capable of training and leadingothers.3. The government has appealed to the universities of the country and to theUniversity of Chicago in particular, to co-operate with it in raising up a limited numberof such men. This fact itself creates a strong presumption in favor of our complyingwith this request. Unless the policy of the government is clearly wrong, so that it isour duty to resist it, its request in accordance with the policy which has been officiallyand nationally adopted has a strong claim upon us.4. If the University responds to this request, it has a right to demand that thework shall be (a) in all respects of high quality educationally, (b) conducted in thespirit and with the aims above stated — as a means of preventing rather than encouraging war.5. Properly conducted, such work as the Military Department offers has realeducational value, and is on that ground educationally defensible.6. If the work is put on a sound educational basis, and conducted in the spiritabove indicated, and if on this ground and those previously stated it is included in theplans of the University, it ought to have the unequivocal indorsement of the Universityand there should be such a declaration of the University's attitude as would leave thestudents in no doubt that if they choose this work they have the full approval of theUniversity in doing so.THE BARROWS LECTURESHIPThe Board of Trustees, with the concurrence of the Committee onthe Barrows Lectureship, has appointed Rev. Charles W. Gilkey, pastorof the Hyde Park Baptist Church, Chicago, and a Trustee of the University since 1919, as the Barrows Lecturer for the year 1924-25. TheBarrows Lectureship on Comparative Religion was founded by the giftof $20,000 made by Mrs. Caroline E. Haskell in 1894. Mr. Gilkeyexpects to sail for India by way of England in July of this year.GIFTSAn anonymous donor has given funds for the maintenance of aresearch fellowship in Preventive Medicine for two years.The North American Indian, Inc., has given to the UniversityLibraries a copy of Curtis' The North American Indian. This gift ismade possible by the generosity of the late J. Pierpont Morgan and thepresent Mr. Morgan.2IO THE UNIVERSITY RECORDThe Co-operative Nursery Association has offered to give to theUniversity the building located at 5750 Woodlawn Avenue, to be usedby the Nursery. The building and grounds are valued at $45,000.The Young Women's Christian Association of the University hastransferred to the University of Chicago the Margaret Green MemorialFund, amounting approximately to $1,600, the fund to be loaned tostudents.The Law School Alumni have given to the University a portraitof Professor F. R. Mechem painted by Leopold Seyffert.The Class of 1924 as its class gift has presented to the University aclock to be erected over the east door of Cobb Hall.The Pi Lambda Theta Fraternity has given $600 to be used as thenucleus of a fund to be devoted to research work conducted by graduatestudents in the Department of Education.The Score Club has given $75 as a scholarship in the Autumn Quarter,1924, for the benefit of a member of the present Freshman Class.Mr. W. S. Richardson, secretary of Mr. John D. Rockefeller, Jr.,has given certain valuable Javenese manuscripts to the University.An anonymous giver has generously added sufficient funds to theamount already provided so that the construction of the TheologyBuilding may begin in the near future. The Board has authorized themaking of contracts for the erection of the building.Miss Marion Talbot, Dean of Women at the University since 1892,and Professor of Household Administration since 1905, has given to theUniversity securities of market value of $15,000 as an endowment fundto be called the Marion Talbot Foundation. The income from thistrust fund is to be paid to certain beneficiaries during the life of MissTalbot and after her death to Miss Sophonisba P. Breckenridge. Afterthe death of the latter the income is to be used by the University forthe advancement of the education of women, in defraying the expensesof lectures, publications, and research, or in similar ways, but preferably not in scholarships.APPOINTMENTSThe following appointments to the Faculties in addition to reappointments were made during the Spring Quarter by the Board:Oskar Bolza, Non-Resident Professor of Mathematics.Karl Taylor Compton, Professor of Physics.Alan H. Gardiner, Research Professor of Egyptology, on the staffof the Oriental Institute.Ralph R. Lillie, Professor in the Department of Physiology.THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 211Oliver S. Rundell, Acting Professor of Law.G. K. K. Link, Associate Professor in Plant Pathology in the Department of Botany.Edith Rickert, Associate Professor in the Department of English.Frank E. Ross, Associate Professor of Astronomy at YerkesObservatory.Wiliam Taliaferro, Associate Professor in the Department of Hygieneand Bacteriology.Fay-Cooper Cole, Assistant Professor in Anthropology.H. B. VanDyke, Assistant Professor in the Department of Physiological Chemistry.R. P. Angier, Professorial Lecturer in the Department of Psychology.Samuel Erasmus Becket, Lecturer in the Department of PoliticalEconomy.Louis L. Mann, Professorial Lecturer in the Department of OrientalLanguages and Literature.Wellington D. Jones, Associate Dean of the Colleges of Arts, Literature, and Science.Forrest A. Kingsbury, Dean in the Colleges, to succeed J. A. Field.Walter Sargent, Chairman of the Department of Art.Emerson Swift, Acting Chairman of the Department of Art duringMr. Sargent's absence.Harold H. Nelson, Field Director of the Epigraphic Expedition atLuxor on the staff of the Oriental Institute.Alfred Bollacher, Draughtsman of the Epigraphic Expedition atLuxor, on the staff of the Oriental Institute.Bernadotte Schmidt, Professorial Lecturer in History.Paul Roberts Cannon, Instructor in the Department of Hygieneand Bacteriology.L. H. Grinstead, Instructor in the School of Commerce and Administration.H. D. Lasswell, Instructor in the Department of Political Science.Clemmy Olin Miller, Instructor in Chemistry and Curator.W. N. Mitchell, Instructor in the Laboratory Schools of the Schoolof Education.E. L. Rhoades, Instructor in the Laboratory Schools of the Schoolof Education.Douglas E. Scates, Instructor in the Department of Education.Clark H. Slover, Instructor in the Laboratory Schools of the Schoolof Education.William Weldon Watson, Instructor in Physics.212 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDHarold R. Willoughby, Instructor in the Department of New Testament and Early Christian Literature.Helen Zesbaugh, Instructor in the School of Education.Helen Hammerstrom, Teacher in the University High School.Laura Lucas, Teacher in the Elementary School.Hans Gottlieb Billroth, Fellow in Chemistry.Whitley P. McCoy, Teaching Fellow in the Law School.Phillip Mechem, Teaching Fellow in the Law School.John C. Rogers, Fellow in Preventive Medicine.The following appointments have been made to the Faculty ofRush Medical College of the University of Chicago:Dr. Ernest E. Irons, Dean.James H. Harper, Registrar.In the Department of Pathology:Ludvig Hektoen, Professor and Chairman of Department.Edwin Raymond LeCount, Professor.George Howitt Weaver, Professor.Carl Wesley Apfelbach, Clinical Instructor.Edwin Frederick Hirsch, Clinical Instructor.Celestin B. Semerak, Fellow.In the Department of Medicine:Frank Billings, Professor Emeritus.Norman Bridge, Professor Emeritus.John Milton Dodson, Professor Emeritus.James Bryan Herrick, Clinical Professor and Chairman ofDepartment.Peter Bassoe, Clinical Professor (Neurology).Ralph C. Brown, Clinical Professor.Joseph Almarin Capps, Clinical Professor.Ernest Edward Irons, Clinical Professor.Joseph Leggett Miller, Clinical Professor.Wilber E. Post, Clinical Professor.Thor Rothstein, Clinical Professor (Neurology).Bertram Welton Sippy, Clinical Professor.Samuel Robert Slaymaker, Clinical Professor.Theodore Tieken, Clinical Professor.Rollin Turner Woodyatt, Clinical Professor.George Frederick Dick, Associate Clinical Professor.Bernard Fantus, Associate Clinical Professor (Therapeutics).THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 213James Cornelius Gill, Associate Clinical Professor (Neurology).George Washington Hall, Associate Clinical Professor (Neurology).Sydney Kuh, Associate Clinical Professor (Neurology).Bird McPherson Linnell, Associate Clinical Professor.Ralph Waldo Webster, Associate Clinical Professor (MedicalJurisprudence).Donald P. Abbott, Assistant Clinical Professor.Leon Bloch, Assistant Clinical Professor.Arthur Byfield, Assistant Clinical Professor.George Howell Coleman, Assistant Clinical Professor.John Favill, Assistant Clinical Professor.Lee Connell Gatewood, Assistant Clinical Professor.James Richard Greer, Assistant Clinical Professor.John L. Jacques, Assistant Clinical Professor.Ellis Kirk Kerr, Assistant Clinical Professor.Karl K. Koessler, Assistant Clinical Professor.Ludwig Mannheimer Loeb, Assistant Clinical Professor.William Duncan McNally, Assistant Clinical Professor (MateriaMedica).Homer King Nicoll, Assistant Clinical Professor.Burrell Otto Raulston, Assistant Clinical Professor.John Ritter, Assistant Clinical Professor.Fred M. Smith, Assistant Clinical Professor.Alexander Francis Stevenson, Assistant Clinical Professor.James Murray Washburn, Assistant Clinical Professor.Josephine Estabrook Young, Assistant Clinical Professor (Neurology).Frederick W. Burcky, Clinical Instructor.Frank Chapman, Clinical Instructor.John Stanley Coulter, Clinical Instructor.Fred M. Drennan, Clinical Instructor.John D. Ellis, Clinical Instructor.Frederick Olaf Frederickson, Clinical Instructor.Harry G. Hardt, Clinical Instructor.Yale N. Levinson, Clinical Instructor.Will Ferson Lyon, Clinical Instructor.John Hancock McClellan, Clinical Instructor.Marie G. Ortmayer, Clinical Instructor.Abraham Rimmerman, Clinical Instructor.Carl O. Rinder, Clinical Instructor.Leland Charles Shafer, Clinical Instructor.214 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDAsher F. Sippy, Clinical Instructor.Lowell Delford Snorf , Clinical Instructor.William A. Thomas, Clinical Instructor.Clarence L. ,Wheaton, Clinical Instructor.Stephen Pantelis Anthony, Clinical Associate.Loren William Avery, Clinical Associate.Maurice Braude, Clinical Associate.Charles Otto Carlstrom, Clinical Associate.George Morris Curtis, Clinical Associate.Ethel Mildred Davis, Clinical Associate.Francis Leo Foran, Clinical Associate.Nicholas I. Fox, Clinical Associate.Harry R. Hoffman, Clinical Associate.Harry J. Isaacs, Clinical Associate.Russell C. Johnson, Clinical Associate.Robert Wood Keeton, Clinical Associate.Frank Brazzil Kelly, Clinical Associate.William Balmer Knox, Clinical Associate.Grant Harrison Laing, Clinical Associate.Mabel M. Matthies, Clinical Associate.Lynn Rogers, Clinical Associate.Kamil Schulhof , Clinical Associate.Howard Martin Sheaff, Clinical Associate.LeRoy H. Sloan, Clinical Associate.George Oliver Solem, Clinical Associate.Edward Julius Stieglitz, Clinical Associate.Eugene Fagan Traut, Clinical Associate.Ralph W. Trimmer, Clinical Associate.Emil George Vrtiak, Clinical Associate.Margaret Howard Austin, Clinical Assistant.Emmet Blackburn Bay, Clinical Assistant.Faris Franklin Chesley, Clinical Assistant.Marion Ousley Cole, Clinical Assistant.Arthur Ralph Colwell, Clinical Assistant.Garland Ward Ellis, Clinical Assistant.James Bryan Eyerly, Clinical Assistant.Harry Lee Huber, Clinical Assistant.Sigfried Maurer, Clinical Assistant.Sidney Alexander Portis, Clinical Assistant.Mary Gritzner Schroeder, Clinical Assistant (Neurology).Harry Albert Singer, Clinical Assistant.THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 215James Lisle Williams, Clinical Assistant.Maude Hall Winnett, Clinical Assistant.In the Department of Pediatrics:Clifford G. Grulee, Clinical Professor and Chairman of Department.Frank Wesley Allen, Assistant Clinical Professor.Archibald Hoyne, Associate Clinical Professor.Oscar Ellis Chase, Clinical Instructor.John Alexander Gardiner, Clinical Instructor.Cecil Theodore Heidel, Clinical Instructor.Arthur H. Parmelee, Clinical Instructor.August Strauch, Clinical Instructor.Charles K. Stulik, Clinical Instructor.Evelina W. Ehrmann, Clinical Associate.Robert W. Graham, Clinical Associate.Henry Clay Niblack, Clinical Associate.George F. Sutherland, Clinical Associate.Proctor Cook Waldo, Clinical Associate.Charles M. Bacon, Clinical Assistant.Toney Taylor Crooks, Clinical Assistant.Alice McNeal, Clinical Assistant.Gilbert Schwartz, Clinical Assistant.Ralph Thomas Van Tuyl, Clinical Assistant.In the Department of Surgery:William Thomas Belfield, Professor Emeritus.Arthur Dean Bevan, Clinical Professor and Chairman of Department.Dean DeWitt Lewis, Clinical Professor.Carl Braden Davis, Associate Clinical Professor.Charles Aubrey Parker, Associate Clinical Professor (OrthopedicSurgery).Dallas B. Phemister, Associate Clinical Professor.Vernon Cyrenius David, Assistant Clinical Professor.George Gilbert Davis, Assistant Clinical Professor.Daniel N. Eisendrath, Assistant Clinical Professor (Genito-urinary).Gatewood Gatewood, Assistant Clinical Professor.Isabella Herb, Assistant Clinical Professor (Anaesthetics).Robert Harry Herbst, Assistant Clinical Professor (Genito-urinary).Herman Louis Kretschmer, Assistant Clinical Professor (Genitourinary).Edward James Lewis, Assistant Clinical Professor.2l6 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDHugh McKenna, Assistant Clinical Professor.Golder L. McWhorter; Assistant Clinical Professor.Edwin Morton Miller, Assistant Clinical Professor.Albert Horr Montgomery, Assistant Clinical Professor.Frederick Brown Moorehead, Assistant Clinical Professor (Oraland Dental).Paul Oliver, Assistant Clinical Professor.Cassie Bell Rose, Assistant Clinical Professor (Radiology),Kellogg Speed, Assistant Clinical Professor.David C. Straus, Assistant Clinical Professor.Roger Throop Vaughan, Assistant Clinical Professor.Elvin J. Berkheiser, Clinical Instructor (Orthopedics).Frances Haines, Clinical Instructor (Anaesthetics).Mary Lyons, Clinical Instructor (Anaesthetics).Jacob Myers, Clinical Instructor (Orthopedics).Hugh J. Polkey, Clinical Instructor (Genito-urinary).Melbourne Clements, Clinical Associate (Genito-urinary).Thomas Cottrell, Clinical Associate (Genito-urinary).Walter Thomas Venn, Clinical Associate (Genito-urinary).Hillier L. Baker, Clinical Assistant.Roy Herndon Cox, Clinical Assistant (Genito-urinary).George W. Curtis, Clinical Assistant.Raul de la Garza, Clinical Assistant (Genito-urinary).Jay Ireland, Clinical Assistant.Ernest Charles McGill, Clinical Assistant.Harry Alvin Oberhelman, Clinical Assistant.Francis Howe Straus, Clinical Assistant.George Henry Jackson, Jr., Nicholas Senn Fellow.Bernard Parker Mullen, Thompson-Bevan Fellow, Assistant HouseSurgeon, Presbyterian Hospital.Harold Theodore Pederson, Francis A. Hardy Fellow, AssistantHouse Surgeon, Presbyterian Hospital.In the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology:John Clarence Webster, Professor Emeritus.Noble Sproat Heaney, Associate Clinical Professor and Chairmanof Department.Rudolph Wieser Holmes, Associate Clinical Professor.Joseph L. Baer, Assistant Clinical Professor.Carey Culbertson, Assistant Clinical Professor.William Francis Hewitt, Assistant Clinical Professor.THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 217W. George Lee, Assistant Clinical Professor.Aaron Elias Kanter, Clinical Instructor.Julius Ernest Lackner, Clinical Instructor.Frederick William Rohr, Clinical Instructor.Kathleen Regan Harrington, Clinical Associate.George Fielding Hibbert, Clinical Associate.L. Wade Martin, Clinical Associate.Edward Dudley Allen, Clinical Assistant.Gerritt Cotts, Clinical Assistant.George Howard Irwin, Clinical Assistant.Fiske Jones, Clinical Assistant.In the Department of Laryngology and Otology:John Edwin Rhodes, Professor Emeritus.George Elmer Shambaugh, Clinical Professor and Chairman ofDepartment.David Fiske, Assistant Clinical Professor.Daniel Bernard Hayden, Assistant Clinical Professor.Elmer Lawton Kenyon, Assistant Clinical Professor.Thomas Williams Lewis, Assistant Clinical Professor.Robert Sonnenschein, Assistant Clinical Professor.George Abraham Torrison, Assistant Clinical Professor.Henry H. Everett, Clinical Instructor.Linn Frederick McBride, Clinical Instructor.Edwin McGinnis, Clinical Instructor.Arthur Churchill Strong, Clinical Instructor.Alice Kassie Hall, Clinical Associate.Elmer William Hagens, Clinical Assistant, Stanton Abels FriedbergFellow (Administered by University).Jacob William Holderman, Resident in Laryngology and Otology,Presbyterian Hospital.In the Department of Ophthalmology:William Hamlin Wilder, Clinical Professor and Chairman ofDepartment.Charles Gilchrist Darling, Assistant Clinical Professor.John Bernard Ellis, Assistant Clinical Professor.William George Reeder, Assistant Clinical Professor.Thomas Dyer Allen, Clinical Instructor*Earle B. Fowler, Clinical Instructor.Georgiana Dvorak Theobald, Clinical Instructor.Herman Porter Davidson, Clinical Associate.2l8 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDJames P. Fitzgerald, Clinical Associate.Richard Cotter Gamble, Clinical Assistant.Vernon Mayne Leech, Clinical Assistant.Aristoph Spare, Clinical Assistant.Alfred L. Van Dellen, Clinical Assistant.In the Department of Dermatology:Oliver Samuel Ormsby, Clinical Professor and Chairman ofDepartment.Ernest Lewis McEwen, Associate Clinical Professor.James Herbert Mitchell, Assistant Clinical Professor.Edward Allen Oliver, Assistant Clinical Professor.Clarke Wylie Finnerud, Clinical Instructor.John F. Waugh, Clinical Instructor.Michael Higgins Ebert, Clinical Assistant.Dean Loller Rider, Clinical Assistant.RESIGNATIONSThe resignations of the following members of the Faculties have beenaccepted by the Board of Trustees:Albert S. Keister, Assistant Professor in the School of Commerceand Administration.David A. Robertson, Associate Professor in the Department ofEnglish.PROMOTIONSThe following members of the Faculties have been promoted in rank:W. D. MacMillan to a professorship in Astronomy.George Van Biesbroeck to a professorship in Practical Astronomy.A. E. Haydon to an associate professorship in the Departmentof Comparative Religion!A. C. Noe to an associate professorship in Paleobotany.Ernest W. Puttkammer to an associate professorship in theLaw School.J. F. Rippy to an associate professorship in History.A. L. Tatum to an associate professorship in Pharmacology.E. A. Burtt to an assistant professorship in Philosophy.Marion H. Loeb to an assistant professorship in the Departmentof Anatomy.Edith P. Parker to an assistant professorship in the College ofEducation.Thomas Vernor Smith to an assistant professorship in Philosophy.B. H. Willier to an assistant professorship in the Department ofZoology.THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 219LEAVES OF ABSENCELeaves of absence have been granted by the Board of Trustees tothe following members of the Faculties:Paul M. Atkins, in the School of Commerce and Administration,for one year from October 1, 1924.Paul H. Douglas, Associate Professor in the School of Commerceand Administration, for one year from July 1, 1924.Bertram G. Nelson, Associate Professor in the Department of English,for the Autumn Quarter, 1924, in order to accompany the baseballteam to Japan.MISCELLANEOUSBy co-operation of the University of Chicago with NorthwesternUniversity and the University of Illinois, there has been established alaw journal to be called the Illinois Law Review.The name of the Correspondence Study Department has been changedto the Home-Study Department.The Graduate School of Medicine of the Ogden Graduate Schoolof Science has been organized, carrying with it the establishment of theDepartment of Medicine of the Ogden Graduate School of Science.Bertram G. Goodhue, the eminent architect by whom the originalplans for the University Chapel were drawn, died in April. It wassubsequently reported that his revised plans for the building had proceeded so far toward completion before his death that it was possibleto make use of them.The Board appointed a committee to prepare a tribute to the longtime service of Mr. Andrew MacLeish, who was one of the originalTrustees of the University elected in 1890. This recognition of his workand character will be presented at the July meeting of the Board.The Board of Trustees has authorized arrangements for admissionto courses in the University of students in the Dramatic Department ofthe Art Institute, provided they reach University standards of admission.Admission to the Department in the Institute is to be upon the basisof admission to the University, the latter serving as an office of admission.The Mr. and Mrs. Jesse L. Rosenberger Medal, awarded by theTrustees of the University upon recommendation of the Senate for notableservices for the benefit of humanity, was conferred for the first time at theConvocation held June 10, 1924. Professor A. J. Carlson, of the Department of Physiology, received the medal for Frederick Grant Banting,of the University of Toronto, the discoverer of insulin, who was unableto be present. This medal was cast in gold from the design modeledby Mr. Fred Torrey of Chicago.THE MEDICAL PROGRAM OF THEUNIVERSITYWith the signing of the new contract between the Rush MedicalCollege and the University, the consolidation of Rush with the Universityis finally effected and the way opened to the immediate realization oftheir enlarged medical program. President Ernest D. Burton of theUniversity states that the reorganization of medical work made possibleby the signing of this contract will enable the University to take thefullest advantage of recent progress in medical science. The workwill be organized under three schools.i. The Rush Medical College of the University, which will continueto prepare students for the M.D . degree. It will retain its present locationon the West Side until the Graduate School of Medicine of the Universityis fully organized on the Midway.2. The Rush Postgraduate School of Medicine, to be housed with theRush Medical College in the new Rawson Laboratory on the West Side,which will train persons already holding the M.D. degree in medicalresearch arid the various fields of medical practice.3. The Graduate School of Medicine of the University, to be housed inthe new Medical Buildings on the Midway, and to prepare students for theM.D. degree. The School is now being organized by Dr. Franklin C.McLean, Professor of Medicine, and Dr. Dean D. Lewis, Professorof Surgery, in conference with other medical authorities. When thisSchool is in full operation, it is expected that it will absorb the workof the Rush Medical College described above, and the two permanentinstitutions will be the Rush Postgraduate School of Medicine on theWest Side and the Graduate School of Medicine at the University.The University will proceed at once with the erection of the necessarybuildings. For the Rush Medical College and the Rush PostgraduateSchool of Medicine there will be erected on the site of the Rush MedicalCollege at Harrison and Wood Streets a $500,000 laboratory to be knownas the Rawson Clinical Laboratory.The building was originally made possible through the generousgift of $300,000 by Mr. Frederick H. Rawson, president of the Union220., j. - v 1111,, MBEM fcatf fc9BS | EMj' Es£ K £?*sec s:== team 'satlJs£ szs: s.-s ptt>-^.'.'5ssr;.,.jfBsg ,ssrrl. ."nai^j .¦ k::» isi 4t£S »ai= fc£,7. iBSSF' >K?i E«MS jura aSSBi RJfs?* *«? 'iriss jes-s *a...'.! gn>;Ban, ¥=£¦ e^rrw. i HtgGfe^THE MEDICAL PROGRAM OF THE UNIVERSITY 221Trust Company. It is to be erected at the northwestern corner of SouthWood and Harrison streets on the ground now occupied by the old RushMedical College building. It will cover an area approximately 90X100feet and will be five stories in height. Connections will be made withSenn Hall on all floors, and with the Presbyterian Hospital. Thebuilding will house the administration offices of the College and thelarge medical library and special Faculty rooms on the first floor. TheDepartments of Occupational Therapy, Hydrotherapy, locker rooms andrestrooms, and the library workroom will be in the basement.It is planned that the Department of Occupational Therapy will %establish contact with the industries of Chicago and vicinity for thepurpose of training "and placing in positions of employment personssuffering from various physical handicaps.The second, third, and fourth floors will be devoted to variousdepartments of the Central Free Dispensary, classrooms, and laboratories.On the fifth floor will be the Department of Pathology, which willbe called the Norman Bridge Laboratories of Pathology. Dr. and Mrs.Norman Bridge, of Los Angeles, contributed $100,000 in order to enablethe University to build the fifth story of this building.The building will be so constructed that seven stories may eventuallybe added to it to meet the increasing needs of the Rush PostgraduateSchool.The West Side medical plant will then include the Rawson ClinicalLaboratory, Senn Hall, a five-story laboratory building for researchworkers, and the affiliated institutions: the Presbyterian Hospital, theJohn McCormick Memorial Institute for Infectious Diseases, the Homefor Destitute Crippled Children, and also teaching facilities at CookCounty Hospital.While the undergraduate work of Rush Medical College will continuehere for several years, there will be developed the postgraduate program.This will emphasize three lines of work: investigation in special subjectsby both students, and staff; clinics and bedside studies in specialfields of medical or surgical practice in conjunction with the laboratorystudies pertaining to those fields for practitioners who wish to devotea year or more in preparation for practice in a specialty or in generalmedicine; short terms of intensive clinics for practitioners who candevote less time, but who will thus be enabled to keep informed of important advances in medical practice.The buildings to be erected at once will include the entire Fifty-eighthStreet front and the central part of the Midway front, the latter to be222 THE UNIVERSITY RECORD254 feet in length. The wings will each eventually add 155 feet to thisMidway facade, making the total Midway frontage 564 feet.This magnificent equipment opens before the University an almostunparalleled opportunity for service in the field of medicine and willbe expanded as rapidly as the generosity of the University's friends inChicago permits.Rush Medical College has been in existence for three-quarters of acentury and has had a long and honorable career in the teaching ofmedicine and surgery. The great advance in medical science, a corresponding increase in the interest of medical education, and the desire ofthe Trustees and Faculty of Rush Medical College to achieve in thefullest possible measure the purpose for which the College was originallyfounded, have led to this new arrangement. Its amalgamation with theUniversity means in reality a career of still greater usefulness for RushMedical College.The new Medical Buildings for the Graduate School of Medicineon the Midway will occupy the two blocks directly west of Cobb Halland the Classics Building, and will cost more than $3,000,000, towardwhich the Billings family has given $1,000,000 for the Albert MerrittBillings Hospital, and Mr. and Mrs. Max Epstein $100,000 for theEpstein Dispensary.The first units of the new School of Medicine will be erected by theUniversity in the area bounded by 58th and 59th streets and by Ellis andDrexel avenues. It is hoped that construction of these units may bebegun by the end of the summer.The units projected for immediate construction are comprised intwo groups. The Albert Merritt Billings Memorial Hospital with200 beds, which will face south on the Midway between Ellis and Drexelavenues, includes the following units: the Administration Building;a medical clinic for internal medicine and the medical specialties, including wards, out-patient departments, and laboratories, to be occupied bythe Department of Medicine; a similar surgical clinic for general surgeryand the surgical specialties, to be occupied by the Department of Pathology. This group will also house the Billings Library, a gift from Dr.Frank Billings to the University.The Physiological group will include two units to be occupied by theDepartment of Physiology and the Department of Physiological Chemistry and Pharmacology. These buildings will be erected on the southside of 58th Street between Ellis and Drexel avenues, and will connectwith the Hospital group.THE MEDICAL PROGRAM OF THE UNIVERSITY 223The buildings as projected, while designed especially for the purposewhich they are to serve, will be in Gothic architecture to harmonize withthe other buildings of the University.These buildings together with the projected future units will housethe various departments concerned with the teaching of medicine andinvestigation of disease on the University campus, and as integral partsof the University. The conception underlying the plans is that of theinclusion of the so-called Medical Sciences as University subjects, tobe recognized as such from the point of view of their broad scientificaspects. This conception has been in effect at the University for someyears with respect to the departments of Anatomy, Physiology, Physiological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Bacteriology, and Pathology,but will now be expanded to include the departments of Medicine andSurgery. It is believed that this conception, together with the advantageof physical inclusion in the University, will serve to increase the usefulness of the departments, both as to their function in educating physiciansand investigators, and as to their contributing to the increase of knowledge of disease.PROGRESS IN RESEARCH IN THEREALM OF PHYSICS ATTHE UNIVERSITYDistinct progress has been achieved in numerous investigations ofhigh importance in the Department of Physics during the present year.These efforts and their results, so far as complete, are here described interms which, it is hoped, will be found not only helpful to the scientistbut clear to the general reader.Of the investigations in progress at the present time, ProfessorMichelson's redetermination of the velocity of light, and the experimentbeing carried out by Professors Michelson and Gale on the effect ofthe earth's rotation on the velocity of light, are perhaps the two whichembody the most elaborate technique and the highest degree of skillin that line of experimental work for which Ryerson Laboratory has beenparticularly famous.Light travels at a speed of 186,000 miles per second, and the difficultiesof the former of these experiments may be surmised when it is statedthe plan is to determine this comparatively short time taken by the lightto travel over a measured distance of 20 miles and back to an accuracyof one part in three hundred thousand. On account of the clearness ofthe air in California, Professor Michelson is making the actual measurements in the vicinity of Mount Wilson Observatory, where he has thecollaboration of the Pasadena staff. The velocity of light is perhaps themost fundamental constant in all nature, and it is eminently fitting thatto the determination of this king of magnitudes be given that rare perfection of skill which the experience of a lifetime has placed in the handsof Professor Michelson. This is the second of the three great problemswhich Professor Michelson has set himself as the task of the last few years,the first, the measurement of the diameter of a star, a feat equivalentto the measurement of a penny at a distance of 1,000 miles, having beenaccomplished. The third problem, the effect of the earth's rotation onthe velocity of light, which he is conducting in collaboration with Professor Gale, is of very great importance as a test of the consistency ofthose ideas which the theory of relativity has engraved on our minds.The object of this experiment is to ascertain whether a beam of light,traveling in a closed circuit on the earth's surface, experiences a drag on224PROGRESS IN RESEARCH IN REALM OF PHYSICS 225account of the earth's rotation. Two beams of light travel in oppositedirections around a square a quarter of a mile on each side, and meetagain at their common source. On account of the earth's rotation, onebeam will travel a distance slightly greater than that traveled by theother. The difference in the two mile paths amounts to only about theone hundred- thousandth part of an inch; yet preliminary experiments ona small scale have justified the belief that it will be possible to measurethis difference to the one five-millionth part of an inch, and preparationsfor the final experiments are now in progress.The following is a list of other researches in progress in the RyersonLaboratory at the present time or during the last year. The researchesare listed under three heads: those by members of the Faculty, those byNational Research Fellows, and those by graduate students. In eachcase the names of the investigators are arranged in alphabetical order,except where the closeness of the interrelation of the work of severalinvestigators makes it desirable to adopt another grouping.I. INVESTIGATIONS BY MEMBERS OP THE FACULTYProfessor Arthur H. Compton, in conjunction with certain of hispupils, is engaged in a series of experiments designed to test a theoryof the scattering of X-rays which he has recently proposed. Accordingto this theory, X-rays consist of small bundles of energy of a wavelikeform called "quanta" shot at high speed from the target of the X-raytube; and it is these quanta which, after bouncing from the electronswhich they strike, constitute the scattered X-rays. Two consequences ofthis theory are open to experimental test. In the first place, the electronswith which the quanta collide should rebound from the impact of thequanta, and it should be possible to observe and measure the resultingmotion of the electrons. In the second place, because of the energyspent in setting these recoil electrons in motion, a quantum which bouncesfrom an electron should have less energy than it had before collision;and our knowledge of X-rays teaches us that, under these conditions, thelengths of the "scattered" X-ray waves should be longer than those ofthe original X-rays which fell upon the electron.About two years ago, Professor Compton discovered a change ofwave-length of the kind predicted by the theory in the case of scatteringby carbon. Observers in other laboratories have obtained conflictingresults, some having observed the effect, while others have failed tofind it when substances other than carbon were used. For this reasonProfessor Compton, in conjunction with Mr. Yui H. Woo, has extended226 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDthe experiments to elements ranging in atomic weight from that of lithiumto that of aluminium, while Mr. Woo is carrying on the work for otherscattering materials and for X-rays of different wave-lengths. Sofar, all of the experiments have been in agreement with the theoryproposed.The motion of the electrons which recoil from the deflected X-rayquanta has been observed by other experimenters in England, Germany,and this country. Quantitative study of the motion is being made inRyerson Laboratory by Professor Compton and Mr. Alfred W. Simon, whoare using a method of photographing the tracks of the recoiling electrons;by Mr. Ralph D. Bennett, who uses an electrical method for counting theparticles which proceed in different directions; and by Mr. Arthur A. Bless,who is measuring the velocities of the particles by a magnetic method. Itis hoped by these methods to secure a definite answer to the questionwhether an X-ray proceeds in a definite direction or simultaneously in alldirections, a question of fundamental importance in our understandingnot only of the nature of X-rays but of the processes going on in the atomsin which they are produced. On the theoretical side, Professor Comptonhas given a complete solution of the problem of the diffraction of lightaccording to the quantum theory for the special case of waves traversingan infinite grating. This was the first diffraction problem to receive acomplete solution on the basis of the quantum theory. He has alsoextended his quantum theory of the scattering of X-rays to the generalcase of scattering of any wave-length by any type of matter.Dr. Arthur J. Dempster is continuing his investigations on positive-ray analysis. Owing to the fact that the weights of the atoms areapproximately in the ratios of simple whole numbers with the weightof the atom of hydrogen as unit, it had been surmised more than a hundredyears ago that all of the atoms might be built up from hydrogen. However, careful measurements of the atomic weights of the elements failedto substantiate this view, since, in many cases, they gave values whichwould not fit in with such a plan. One of the most striking advancesin our knowledge of atomic structure made in recent years has resultedfrom the discovery by Dr. Aston, in England, and Dr. Dempster, inChicago, of the fact that those elements which do not obey the law arereally mixtures of different kinds of atoms of such similarity that theycould not be separated by chemical means, and that, when they areseparated by the methods of positive-ray analysis and their true weightsare determined, the atomic weights of all the pure elements turn out to bevery accurately integer multiples of a single unit, which is approximatelyPROGRESS IN RESEARCH IN REALM OF PHYSICS 227the atomic weight of hydrogen. This result gives us the strongestevidence that the constituents of the hydrogen atom form the bricks outof which all matter is built.Professor Henry G. Gale, in addition to his investigation in collaboration with Professor Michelson, already cited, and as a result of hisdevelopment of the methods of handling active gases in spectroscopicmeasurements, has now been able to attack the problem of investigatingthe band spectra of fluorine and fluorine compounds. He is also investigating the band spectra of oxygen. Our knowledge of the origin ofband spectra enables us to obtain from such measurements much information as to the sizes and dynamical characteristics of the molecules whichgive rise to the spectra. In collaboration with Dr. George Spencer Monk,Professor Gale is also attacking the problem of extending standard wavelength measurements into the region of the extreme ultra-violet where, onaccount of the absorption of such waves by the apparatus used in themeasurements, it has heretofore been impossible to secure satisfactorydata.Dr. Fabian Miller Kannenstine is carrying on further investigationsof metastable helium. The process of electronic bombardment ofatoms occurs when an electric arc is generated in helium, and some ofthe atoms have been found to be thrown into an abnormal (or metastable)state which persists for a time of the order of one one-hundredth of asecond. This phenomenon is of fundamental importance in connectionwith our notion of atomic structure. One of the great mysteries ofphysics has always been the characteristic features shown by the lightemitted by glowing gases — in other words, the light emitted in thespectrum of the gas. This matter has received great clarification duringthe last fifteen years; and one of the fundamental hypotheses uponwhich the modern theory of spectra rests is the hypothesis that the atommay exist in several different states, these states being characterizedby the particular orbits which the electrons in the atom happen todescribe. It is during the passage from one state to another that lightis emitted. It is obviously of primary importance to learn all that canbe learned about these states, and Dr. Kannenstine has determined thetime during which the helium atom can remain in one of these states.The one-hundredth part of a second is not a very long time; but whenone remembers that, during this time, the electron whose orbit characterizes the state makes about one thousand million million revolutionsabout its center of revolution, we see that the stability is something likethat which we should attribute to our earth in its orbit if, going around228 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDthe sun once per year, it should succeed in traveling for ten million millionyears before a catastrophe overtook it. Mr. Milton Marshall, a graduatestudent in the Ryerson Laboratory, following the line of Dr. Kannenstine'swork, has succeeded in demonstrating the existence of two metastablestates in mercury vapor, these states corresponding to lives of one-twentieth of a second and one one-hundredth of a second respectively.Dr. Harvey Brace Lemon has three investigations in progress:i. By subjecting a tube containing helium gas to a bombardment ofelectrons of high density a spectrum has been obtained which is identicalwith that obtained by Merton by the use of carbon electrodes in thedischarge tube, and thought by him to be due to carbon. The fact thatthis type of spectrum has now been obtained under conditions in whichno large quantity of carbon could possibly be present shows that its originmay be sought in other causes. The importance of this investigationlies in the fact that the spectrum obtained corresponds to that obtainedin the light from comets' tails, so that accurate knowledge of its originis of primary interest in affording information on the nature of cometarymaterial.In line with these investigations Mr. Francis A. Blackburn, a graduate student in the Department, is making a detailed study of thefine structure of the lines obtained in comets' tails. He is also studyingan important region of the. spectrum which, while absent in the spectraof the comets' tails, is present in those spectra obtained in the laboratoryin such a way as to exhibit the comet-tail fines. Another graduatestudent, Mr. Frank C. MacDonald, is working on the problem of ascertaining as precisely as possible the gases which are necessary to the production of the lines in question, and the electrical conditions which aremost important in the development of the fines.2. Dr. Lemon has also found a new type of spectrum in a tubecontaining pure hydrogen. The peculiar feature of the spectrum isthat it is continuous. Father Charles Scharf, a graduate student inthe Ryerson Laboratory, has been engaged in making a study of thedistribution of energy in this spectrum, a matter of importance in ourunderstanding of its origin.3. A careful examination of nebular spectra has been made from thetheoretical standpoint, and it has been found that the spectrum linesmay be grouped in such a way as to indicate a close relation betweentheir origin and the origin of the so-called "band spectra" of well-knownsubstances. Since we have fairly definite ideas as to the origin of bandPROGRESS IN RESEARCH IN REALM OF PHYSICS 229spectra, this investigation provides us with certain clues as to the kindof the materials in the nebulae and the nature of the processes by whichthe nebular light is excited. In pursuance of the ideas suggested by histheoretical investigation, Dr^ Lemon is endeavoring to produce in thelaboratory the conditions necessary to give rise to the nebular spectra.Professor Albert A. Michelson, in addition to his larger investigationscited at the beginning of this article, has been engaged on certain otherresearches of a smaller nature. He has devised and is perfecting anapparatus for the rapid measurement of the force of the earth's gravitation. The problem is of fundamental importance to the geodesist, since hemust make a very large number of observations of the earth's gravitation,covering large regions of the earth's surface, and at present a singleobservation takes many hours. Professor Michelson's apparatus, whichis an optical device, is almost instantaneous in its action, and it furtherpossesses the advantage that it is better adapted for use at sea thanare the older methods.On the theoretical side Professor Michelson has recently developedan explanation of the optical features shown by the floating specks whichare frequently seen in the eye, particularly when one looks at the skythrough a small hole. It appears that the phenomena observed canreadily be accounted for on the assumption that they are optical diffraction effects produced by minute particles in the immediate proximity ofthe retina of the eye.Dr. George Spencer Monk, in addition to the work already referred to,and carried on in collaboration with Professor Gale, is undertaking aredetermination of the standard waVe-lengths in the iron spectrum.The matter is of fundamental importance, since the iron spectrumis our standard, and accurate knowledge of the wave-length of itslines is essential in all matters pertaining to atomic structure. Threeorganizations, the United States Bureau of Standards, Mount WilsonObservatory, and the Ryerson Laboratory have been requested to makeindependent redetermination of these wave-lengths.Professor William F. G. Swann has been engaged upon threeresearches:1. An investigation of the variation of the residual ionization ingases with altitude, by means of an apparatus of weight sufficiently smallto be carried by small balloons to altitudes of from 15 to 20 kilometers.Although the electrical conductivity of the air at the earth's surfaceis almost insignificant, we have reason to believe that at altitudes of230 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDthe order of 150 kilometers it may attain a value more than a hundredthousand million times the value at sea level. This supposed highconductivity of the upper atmosphere has a very important bearing onthe reflection of wireless waves around the earth, and on the origin ofthe diurnal and annual variations in terrestrial magnetism and atmospheric electricity. It is customary to attribute this high conductivityto the action of radiations of a corpuscular nature, and possibly to raysof a very hard X-ray nature, shot out from the sun. These radiationshave also been invoked for the explanation of the aurora, magneticstorms, and the like. The whole study of the origin of conductivityin the upper atmosphere is consequently one having many importantbearings. Certain former observers have found a very marked increasein the activity of the agencies responsible for conductivity in changes ofaltitude of the order of 10 kilometers, and the rate of increase of the effectwith altitude found at such altitudes was such as to suggest that atslightly greater altitudes very great increases might be found; butothers have failed to substantiate these conclusions, and the presentexperiments are being made with an improved form of apparatus withthe object of attaining as great a certainty as possible.2. A new type of electroscope has been perfected. This instrumentis so sensitive that, without any amplification, it will detect the powerto conduct electricity (ionization) imparted to air by a single alphaparticle, a single atom of helium, and yet it is so rapid in its action whenworking at this sensitivity that it will attain its reading in less than onesecond. Several features such as constancy of zero, proportionalitybetween applied voltage and micropscope reading, small size, etc.,render the instrument particularly suitable for several types of investigation in modern physics.3. Professor Swann has also been conducting a theoretical investigation with the object of producing a very slight modification of thelaws of the electrodynamics which, while inappreciable as regardsordinary measurements, will yet yield explanations of the origins ofterrestrial magnetism, of the earth's electric charge, and of gravitation.The indications are that it will be possible to include these phenomenaunder one scheme in such a way as to fit in with the theory of relativity.Moreover, the forms of the expressions obtained are such as to predictthe correct ratio between the magnetic fields of the earth and sun.Dr. Lloyd W. Taylor has been engaged upon an attempt to determinewhether the light emitted in a magnetic field by incandescent iron ispolarized. The interest of this investigation lies in the fact that suchPROGRESS IN RESEARCH IN REALM OF PHYSICS 231a state of affairs would be bound up intimately with, and would leadto definite conclusions regarding, the electronic motions occurring inthe iron atom. The iron atom is of peculiar interest in view of its verymarked magnetic characteristics. Dr. Taylor has also collaborated withthe Department of Geology in the development of a new type of apparatusfor crystalographic analysis.Dr. William W. Watson has just completed an investigation on theband spectrum of water vapor, and he is now studying the band spectraof magnesium hydride, and calcium hydride. The theory of the originof band spectra is so intimately bound up with the structure of themolecule that differences in molecular structure reflect themselvesin the corresponding band spectra even when they fail to show up inany other way.II. INVESTIGATIONS BY NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL PELLOWSDr. Melvin Mooney is pursuing an investigation on electrophoresis;i.e., the motion of small particles in a liquid under the influence of anelectric field. The broader features of the motion of the particles areaccounted for on the known basis that a solid, when immersed in aliquid, acquires a charge. The nature of the charging process becomescomplicated considerably by the electric field and the motion of theparticles through the fluid, and Dr. Mooney is endeavoring to disentanglethese influences with the object of putting the matter on a sound physicalbasis. Important aspects of this subject are to be found in connectionwith the origin of the behavior of certain microscopic plants and animalsunder the influence of an electric field, and with the origin of the propertiesof fluids occurring in plant and animal tissues. The question of how farthe behavior of these protoplasmic organisms and tissues can be accountedfor on purely physical bases is one of primary interest.Mr. Jared K. Morse is continuing his investigations on crystalstructure by means of X-rays, particularly in relation to the structureof organic compounds. The importance of this work lies in the factthat the method gives an actual picture of the relations of the moleculesto each other, and points the way to a more thorough understanding ofthose processes of organic chemistry which the chemist has discovered.Mr. Morse has already succeeded in elucidating the structure for benzenecrystals, and his work forms a convenient basis for the attack on thecrystal structures of napthalene and anthracene. Mr. Morse has alsodevoted attention to the band spectrum of hydrogen, and has developeda very interesting theory of the origin of the bands.232 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDDr. Harry S. Read is engaged upon a theoretical investigation inwhich he is seeking to account for certain experimental results formerlyobtained by him, to the effect that the absorption of X-rays by metalsis a function of the temperature of the metal. Such an effect of temperature is very surprising when considered in the light of our present ideasas to the nature of X-rays, and a satisfactory explanation of the resultscannot fail to clarify our knowledge of the interaction of X-rays andmatter.Dr. Tracy Y. Thomas is working on the mathematical aspects of thegeneral theory of relativity. In collaboration with Professor Veblen,of Princeton, he had formerly developed a very beautiful generalizationof the mathematical aspects of the subject known as the "geometry ofpaths," and he is at present tracing some of the consequences of thisgeneralization.Dr. Herman Zanstra is engaged on an investigation in mathematicalphysics in which he has sought to bring about a greater harmonybetween the laws of electromagnetism and gravitation. Among themore startling conclusions of his work is one to the effect that, undercertain conditions, with sufficiently large distributions of matter, portionsof the matter may act as though they had a negative mass. In otherwords, they would be repelled instead of attracted by other matter.The consequences of these views have an important bearing in accounting for certain motions shown by the nebulae, which cannot satisfactorilybe accounted for on the simple Newtonian law.III. RESEARCH BY GRADUATE STUDENTS(Other than those already referred to in the foregoing)Mr. William Henry Abbitt is starting a careful determination ofthe number of electrons emitted per unit area per second from metalsof different kinds when illuminated by light of various wave-lengthsand known intensities. Definite information on this matter is veryessential in our understanding of the phenomena of photo-electricity;and the measurements which at present exist are few in number, and weremade at a time when our knowledge of the places where extreme care isnecessary was less complete than it is now.Mr. Edward S. Akley is testing the effects of occluded gases in controlling the photo-electric emission from surfaces of sodium and potassium. A complete understanding of the conditions which determinethe ease with which electrons can escape from a metal through its surfaceis very important, and such definite modification of those conditions as isPROGRESS IN RESEARCH IN REALM OF PHYSICS 233afforded by the occlusion of gases of known nature is likely to providevaluable information on the subject.Mr. Howard Briggs is investigating the peculiarities of the photoelectric effect of metallic films which are so thin that the phenomena maybe regarded as intermediate between those which hold for matter inbulk and those to be obtained for the individual atom.Mr. Ernest Orlando Lawrence is conducting an investigation onthe photo-electric effect in potassium vapor. He has made a redetermination of the wave-length at which photo-electric effect commences in thevapor, and is planning to extend his observations to sodium. His program also includes a determination of how the photo-electric currentdepends upon the wave-length of the light for a given intensity of fight.The investigation has a very important bearing on the theory of thephoto-electric effect, particularly inks relation to the quantum theoryof atomic structure.Mr. Halstead C. Terry is examining the causes responsible for thedecrease of fluorescent activity exhibited by zinc sulphide after prolongedstimulus by light. Considerable discussion has formerly taken place as towhether this phenomenon is the result of chemical change, or whether itscause is to be sought on other grounds. Mr. Terry's experiments seem toshow that those crystals which have suffered any fatigue on account ofthe light have suffered a complete loss of power to fluoresce. The questions at issue in this investigation have an indirect bearing upon thetheory of photographic action.Mr. Albert E. Woodruff has just concluded an investigation on thecauses of the apparent disappearance of the photo-electric effect found byother observers in the case of specimens which have been subjected toprolonged heating. One of the main results of his investigation has beento show that the effect of the heating is merely to shift the range of wavelengths for which the surface is sensitive to light to that region of thespectrum which is unable to pass through the quartz window of the apparatus. Mr. Woodruff has also observed a number of interesting phenomena concerned with the deposition of gas layers on the surface of thespecimen, and having an intimate bearing on the very important question of the mechanism of escape of electrons from metal surfaces.A number of investigations relating to atmospheric electricity arein progress. In this connection it will be recalled that the surface ofour earth carries a negative charge which gives rise to such a large electricfield in the atmosphere that there is a change of electrical potential ofabout 150 volts for each meter that we ascend. This change of potential234 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDper meter, or potential gradient, as it is called, goes through fairlyregular variations throughout the day and throughout the year. Theorigin of these variations is very closely bound up with the theory of theorigin of atmospheric electricity, and the variations show close relationswith the variations of terrestrial magnetism and with the tides.Sister Bertrand Rockwell, working under direction from the RyersonLaboratory at the College of Saint Teresa, at Winona, Minnesota, hasestablished a small observatory, and fitted up a photographic apparatusfor automatically and continuously recording the potential gradient. Veryinteresting results have been obtained, and it is planned to extend thework to the measurement of other atmospheric electric quantities suchas atmospheric conductivity. As there is, at the present time, onlyone other atmospheric electric observatory in the United States (anobservatory at Washington), the results of these measurements atWinona are of special value.Mr. Errol N. Coade is trying out an improved apparatus for measuringthe potential gradient. One of the principal sources of error in suchmeasurements arises from electrical leakage, which may become veryserious in damp weather. It is a little difficult to give a description of theplan without the use of technical language, but a general idea may beobtained from the statement that two similar apparatuses are employed.They are arranged, however, in such a manner that the full effects of theleakage fall upon only one of the instruments, and this instrument almostcompletely protects the other from the leakage error. It is the indications of the second instrument which are, of course, recorded.Mr. Charles H. Dwight is carrying on an investigation with the objectof ascertaining whether, during apparently calm weather, the potentialgradient may change suddenly by small amounts. Any photographicrecord of the potential-gradient variations will show continual erraticchanges, caused probably by the motion of charged clouds; but suddenchanges occurring in times of the order of a second or less could not beattributed to the motion of charged air, and would suggest somethingmore like an electrical discharge in the upper atmosphere. Duringthunderstorms we of course obtain rapid changes of the potential gradientas a result of the lightning flashes; but the object of the present investigation is to see whether anything of this kind is going on to a small extentat all times.Mr. William W. Merrymon is investigating the residual ionization ingases. If a vessel be filled with pure air from which all known sourcesPROGRESS IN RESEARCH IN REALM OF PHYSICS 235responsible for atmospheric conductivity have been removed, we yetfind that the air in the vessel conducts electricity. The origin of thisresidual conductivity is one of the most interesting problems of atmospheric electricity. It has been customary to attribute it in part to radiations coming from regions external to our atmosphere (the sun, forexample). On the other hand, there is certain evidence to substantiatethe belief that it owes its origin to a radioactive action arising from thewalls of the containing vessel. If this is the case, and if the effects ofmetals are greater than that of glass, we should find that the residualconductivity is reduced by using, instead of a metal vessel, a glass vesselcoated inside with a very thin film of metal. Mr. Merrymon is consequently using glass vessels coated with films of different metals rangingin thickness down to layers of metal only a few molecules thick.In addition to the investigations in X-rays already cited a numberof others are in progress.Mr. Joyce A. Bearden has completed a careful search for possible phosphorescence of X-rays, a persistence of the emission of secondary X-raysby a body after the primary source has been removed. He has found thatneither iron nor aluminium continued to emit secondary X-rays for aslong as the one hundred-thousandth part of a second after exposure to theX-rays. Mr. Bearden is now starting work on the intensity of the X-rayspectrum lines when reflected from crystals of light elements. By thisstudy it is hoped to obtain definite information as to the arrangement ofthe electrons in the atoms of these elements.Mr. H. M. Beets, using a method of X^ray goniometry, has measuredthe angle between the cleavage faces of calcite; and, as a result, he hasbeen able to calculate more accurately than was before possible the distance between the atoms in a calcite crystal. This fundamentalmeasurement gives correspondingly increased precision to all measurements of X-ray wave-lengths for which calcite crystals are used asdiffraction gratings.Mr. William M. Leigh and Mr. Harry M. Sharp are photographingthe spectra of scattered X-rays with the double object of extending thestudy to different scattering materials, and of determining with precisionthe value of the quantity known as "Planck's constant," which is one ofthe fundamental constants of the quantum theory.Mr. Isaac E. Rabinov has studied the diffraction of X-rays due topassage through a narrow slit. If X-rays are a type of wave-motionanalogous to light, they should bend around corners to a very slight236 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDextent, and should consequently fail to produce absolutely sharp shadows.The amount of the bending depends on the wave-length, and is much lessfor X-rays than for light. Using X-rays of definite wave-length, asdetermined by other means, Mr. Rabinov has obtained undoubteddiffraction effects.Mr. Arthur W. Simon has solved the problem of securing the bestdimensions for insulating bushings and has made an important contribution to the theory of the "static machine." These matters are of valuein connection with X-ray technique and the design of instruments forX-ray measurements.Mr. Yui H. Woo has made an accurate measurement of the absorptionin copper of a beam of X-rays before and after reflection from a calcitecrystal. If there were any change of wave-length on reflection, we should,from our knowledge of the properties of X-rays, anticipate a change ofthe absorption after reflection. Mr. Woo found no change of absorptionafter reflection, indicating that reflection caused no change of wave-length,and no change of any other property which would affect the absorption.A few investigations in mathematical physics are in progress, inaddition to those by members of the Faculty and National ResearchCouncil.Mr. Charles Marvin Blackburn, in addition to the spectroscopicwork cited in connection with Dr. Lemon's researches, has devoted someattention to the theoretical problem of the distribution of electric fieldsin an atmosphere whose conductivity varies rapidly with the altitude,and in which there exists a charged cloud. This problem is of considerable interest in connection with the distribution of potential gradientover the earth's surface in so far as it is determined by charged rain.Mr. Kuang C. Fang is working on a mathematical theory of the specificheats of solids in relation to the quantum theory, the object being to remove certain objections inherent in the logical aspects of former theories.Mr. Samuel J. Jacobsohn is engaged on certain problems in electrodynamics. He has made a careful examination of the theory of theemission of radiation from an electron when it is stopped with extremesuddenness. He has brought to light an important matter in the theoryof the motion of electrons, a matter which materially affects certaincustomary conclusions with regard to the conservation of energy inelectrodynamics, and he has elucidated certain other matters of importance in the theory of the subject, but difficult to express in non-technicallanguage.PROGRESS IN RESEARCH IN REALM OF PHYSICS 237Mr. L. E. McCarty is engaged in developing the mathematical theoryof the three-electrode thermionic amplifier from a standpoint morefundamental than has been employed before.Mr. J. L. Bowman has successfully completed an investigation on amethod of producing a " square wave " of radio frequency. The necessityof having a method for producing such waves has been felt strongly inconnection with certain important measurement of the velocities whichelectrons attain in gases under the influence of an electric field. Mr.Bowman's investigation now provides a means for making suchmeasurements.Mr. G. H. Carragan is conducting an investigation on the Zeemaneffect in fluorine, i.e., the effect of a magnetic field on the spectrum line ofthe light emitted by the gas. The Zeeman effect gives important information as to how these lines are produced.Mr. Philip A. Constantinides is investigating the electrical conductivity of so-called "active nitrogen." If a silent electron discharge bepassed through nitrogen, the gas is put into a condition in which itglows for some time after the stoppage of the discharge. Moreover, itbecomes a conductor of electricity, and the question of the length ofduration of the conductivity is of great interest in our understanding themechanism of processes involved.Mr. Horace Van Norman Hilberry is making a redetermination ofthe Newtonian constant of gravitation, with the object of attaining aprecision unattained heretofore. In this work he is employing theprinciples of Professor Michelson's optical interferometer for observingthe attraction between two masses.Mr. Barton Hoag is investigating the series lines of hydrogen,helium, neon, oxygen, and carbon in the extreme ultra-violet spectrum.The literature on the subject is inconsistent in that some list for carbonlines which others list in the spectra of these gases. Definite conclusionson the question would have an important bearing upon the nature ofthe matter in comets' tails.Mr. Vincent Pagliarulo has just completed an investigation on theorigin of the electromagnetic waves of length about 1 meter produced incertain circuits containing thermionic amplifiers. Various theories havebeen given as to the origin of these waves, but they do not agree veryclosely with the experimental facts. Mr. Pagliarulo has made a carefulinvestigation of the experimental facts, and an agreement with the factshas been proposed.238 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDMr. R. D. Rusk is investigating the conditions which govern the combination of hydrogen arid potassium in a potassium electric arc of lowvoltage. The interest of this problem lies in its bearing on the conditionsnecessary to initiate chemical combination.Mr. James S. Thompson is investigating the absorption by differentsubstances of /3-rays emitted from radioactive substances with velocitiesvery nearly equal to that of light. He is also investigating the velocitiesof electrons emitted from different substances by 7-rays. These experiments have an interesting bearing upon the interaction between atomsand electrons when the latter are traveling with very high energy.THE ONE HUNDRED THIRTY-THIRDCONVOCATIONThe One Hundred Thirty-third Convocation of the University washeld in Hutchinson Court at four o'clock on the afternoon of June 10.The whole Court was sheltered from the sun by a tent and awnings,and the candidates for degrees, numbering 678, were placed directlyin front of the platform. The Convocation Address was delivered bythe Honorable William E. Dever, Mayor of Chicago. The President presented his Convocation Statement. Both the Address and the Statementappear in this number of the Record.The award of honors was as follows: Honorable Mention for excellence in the work of the Junior Colleges: Milton Seecombe Agnew,Abraham Adrian Albert, Ruth Gaynor Aley, Adelaide Ames, EdwardCarder Ames, Elizabeth Sarah Anderson, Leopold Howard Arnstein,Frieda Bachman, Josephine Antoinette Bedford, Peter Benda, Beryl VetaBeringer, George Frederick Betts, John Francis Blackburn, BrooksKepler Blossom, Ralph Steele Boggs, John Frederick Russell Christian-son, Adeline Beatrice Cohen, Hardin Cohen, Hymen Ezra Cohen,Charles Boston Coxe, Edwin Jay Decosta, Alexander Elson, LesliePaul Fisher, Esther Fritz, David Manus Gans, Harry Meyer Geisman,Lois Gillanders, George Andrew Graham, Samuel William Halperin,Mildred Lillian Hoerr, Eleanor Ruth Holmes, George Lloyd Irgang,Victor Johnson, Ernest Kohler, Jr., Henry Mitchell Kraus, WiltonMarion Krogman, Lucy Elizabeth Lamon, Elizabeth LeMay, RobertCharles Levy, Mabel Justine Luecke, Arne Walfred Makela, RalphHenry Meyer, Hugh Allen Miller, Arnold Henry Moecker, Anna CarolineMojonnier, Effie Melissa Morse, Willard Munzer, Evan William McChes-ney, Marjorie Olson, Alfred Musgrave Paisley, Maureen Cecil Perrizo,Hazel Margaret Phillips, Theodore Roosevelt Ray, Marie Anna HermineRemmert, Norinne Edith Rieder, Margaret Ellen Roberts, MyrtleRugen, Donald Joseph Sabath, Ralph Grafton Sanger, Louis Scala,Daniel Warren Stanger, Alta Frances Stone, Helen Strickler, AddisonWhite Wilson, Carl Victor Wisner, Albert Meyer Wolf, Helen AliceWooding, Florence Wunderlich, Maude Yeoman, Sarah Zinder. TheJoseph Triner Scholarship in Chemistry: Lincoln Stulik. Scholarshipsin the Senior Colleges for excellence in the work of the Junior Colleges:239240 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDAbraham Adrian Albert, Mathematics; Wallace Richard Atwood,Geology; Brooks Kepler Blossom, Greek; Ralph Steele Boggs, Spanish;Robert Samuel Campbell, Botany; Charles Boston Coxe, Astronomy;David Manus Gans, Chemistry; Samuel William Halperm,ffisfory; JensenMeredith Hedegarde, Political Science; Victor Johnson, Philosophy;Anna Mojonnier, French; John Alexander Morrison, Geography; Margaret Josephine Novak, Latin; Marjorie Olson, English; Marie AnnaHermine Remmert, Germanic; Maude Larimore Rupel, Education;Irving Stenn, Sociology; James Theodore Tselos, Art. Scholarshipsin the Senior Colleges for excellence in the work of the first three yearsof the College Course: Annie Florence Brown, Botany; Virginia Carlson,Greek; Ira Freeman, Physics; William Nelson Fuqua, French; MarthaAgnes Gose, Germanic; William Yerbury Gillespie, English; SpencerJohnson, Anatomy; John Kenneth Laird, Latin; Dorothy Lingle, Art;Myrtle Adeline Meyers, Household Administration; Herbert EliMcDaniels, Hygiene, and Bacteriology; Robert Noleman McMurry,Psychology; Paul Jeremiah Patchen, Mathematics; Laura Oftedal,Education; Carl Johan Sands trom, Zoology; Helen Josephine Stein-hauser, Spanish; Belle Strunk, Geography; Max Swiren, PoliticalScience; Margaret Walker, Sociology; Edward White Wilson, History;Otto Windt, Chemistry. The Bachelor's Degree was conferred withHonors: Margaret Bassett Abraham, John Jacob Abt, ThaddeusHoward Baker, Winifred Elma Bain, Ruth Margaret Bartlett, MildredHarriet Benson, Jean Winifred Brand, Claire Sylvia Brereton, Paul JeanBreslich, Eugene Breyer, Earl Eustace Bright, Margaret Helen Cain,Eugenia Campbell, Russell Cowgill Carrell, Catherina Meyrick Clarke,Maurine Cobb, Helen Carol Coyle, George Russell Crisler, DorothyAntoinette D'Andrea, Margaret Lewis Davis, Orladay Paul Decker,Emma Virginia DeLaney, Elizabeth Elson, Catherine Jean Falconer,Gladys Louise Finn, Irwin LeRoy Fischer, Rose Fishman, MauriceHarold Friedman, Billy Earl Goetz, Samuel Louis Goldberg,, Ela MaurineGore, Russell Greenacre, Frederick Max Haase, Helen Eleanor Hammer-strom, Laura Marie Hauta, Dorothy Hipp, Yun Hsuan Ho, Harry JamesHunt, Bernice Mary Hyman, Bertha Ten Eyck James, Lester LeonardJohnson, Solomon Katz, Herman Christof Kluever, Peter George Korn,Edna Genevieve Lake, Barnabas Hai-Tsung Lei, Elizabeth GatewoodJohnson Levinson, Arnold Leo Lieberman, Helen Ethel Line, Laura Lucas,Ralph Lester Mahon, Savilla Story Schoff Millis, Harry Gould Mitchell,Glenna Frances Mode, Myron Isidor Myers, Stella Clorinne McCulloch,Katherine Elizabeth MacKay, Helen McPike, Fredrik VickstromNyquist, Pearl Bell Odom, Priscilla Anna Ouda, Raymond HaroldTHE ONE HUNDRED THIRTY-THIRD CONVOCATION 241Palmer, Ruth Elizabeth Parker, Meyer Aaron Perls tein, Earle LeRoyRauber, Celia Maude Regnier, Stanley John Rezabek, Julia CrancerRhodus, Helen Gertrude Robbins, Forrest Rosaire, Joseph Rosenbaum,Philip Rudnick, Dorothy East Sage, Mary Isabel Schell, CatherineJosephine Leonard Schnitzer, Fred Lewis Schuman, Glenn ErwinShackelford, Phillip Fogelson Shapiro, Pearce Shepherd, GertrudeRlizabeth Shippen, Maud Lamberson Sippy, Mabel Katharine Stau-dinger, Florence Caroline Stellar, Arthur Stenn, Leah Ida Stevens, RuthMargaret Hilda Swanson, Lucy Lucile Tasher, Donald Hugh Taylor,Helen Chapman Tieken, Ida Morcom Tregellas, Vinnette Rose Waska,Lillian Ruth Watkins, Louis Isaac Weinberg, Helen Canfield Wells,Mary Belle Wilcox, Frances Ethel Wood, Pearl Elizabeth Yost. •Honors for excellence in particular departments of the Senior Colleges:Margaret Bassett Abraham, English; John Jacob Abt, English; ReedWarner Bailey, Geology; Winifred Elma Bain, Kindergarten PrimaryEducation; Ruth Margaret Bartlett, Political Economy; Harriet IreneBassett, French; George William Becker, Law; Mildred Harriet Benson,Bacteriology; Paul Jean Breslich, Anatomy; Margaret Helen Cain,History; Eugenia Campbell, English; Eugenia Campbell, Latin; CarrollLaurence Christenson, Political Economy; Catherina Meyrick Clarke,French; Catherina Meyrick Clarke, History; Maurine Cobb, English;Orladay Paul Decker, Political Economy; Emma Virginia DeLaney,Philosophy; Elizabeth Elson, History; Gladys Louise Finn, English;Irwin LeRoy Fischer, English; Irwin LeRoy Fischer, French; RoseFishman, Spanish; Richard Mason Fraps, Zoology; Maurice HaroldFriedman, Anatomy; Samuel Arthur Ginsburg, Anatomy; Phoebe LouiseGoe, Botany; Mary May Gorringe, Political Economy; Frederick MaxHaase, Jr., Geology; Helen Eleanor Hammerstrom, Romance; MargaretThora Hancke, Mathematics; Laura Marie Hauta, Romance; KathrynElsine Henricksen, Botany; Dorothy Hipp, French; Yun Hsuan Ho,Psychology; Harry James Hunt, Political Economy; Bernice MaryHyman, Botany; Bertha Ten Eyck James, Romance; Bertha Ten EyckJames, English; William Robert Jenkins, Psychology; Roy WilliamJohns, Law; Solomon Katz, Chemistry; Peter George Korn, PoliticalEconomy; Edna Genevieve Lake, Botany; Clara Lautenslager, Botany;Barnabas Hai-Tsung Lei, History; Elizabeth Gatewood Johnson Levin-son, Greek; Arnold Leo Lieberman, Chemistry; Laura Lucas, Education;Laura Lucas, Kindergarten-Primary Education; Ralph Lester Mahon,English; Dorothy Sohm Metz, English; Savilla Story Schoff Millis,French; Edna Marguerite McCarty, Romance; Stella Clorinne McCul-loch, Political Science; Katherine Elizabeth MacKay, Botany; Helen242 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDMcPike, French; Helen McPike, History; Fredrik Vickstrom Nyquist,Art Education; Pearl* Bell Odom, Botany; Dollie Esther Olson, ArtEducation; Ruth Elizabeth Parker, French; William Joseph Quick,Zoology; Celia Maude Regnier, Education; Julia Crancer Rhodus,Romance; Helen Gertrude Robbins, French; Forrest Rosaire, English;Margaret Jean Rose, Home Economics; Joseph Rosenbaum, Law;Philip Rudnick, Physics; Mary Isabel Schell, Art Education;Fred Lewis Schuman, History; Fred Lewis Schuman, PoliticalScience; Glenn Erwin Shackelford, History; Pearce Shepherd,Political Economy; Pearce Shepherd, Mathematics; Gertrude ElizabethShippen, French; Gertrude Elizabeth Shippen, English; Mabel KatharineStaudinger, Spanish; Florence Caroline Stellar, German; Arthur Stenn,Anatomy; Ruth Margaret Hilda Swanson, Spanish; Donald HughTaylor, Education; Ida Morcom Tregellas, History; Sherman DayWakefield, Comparative Religion; Vinette Rose Waska, Botany; EuniceWaters, History; Lillian Ruth Watkins, Spanish; Helen Canfield Wells,History; Helen Canfield Wells, English; Mary Belle Wilcox, History;Frances Ethel Wood, Education and Kindergarten-Primary Education;Pearl Elizabeth Yost, History.Scholarships in the Graduate Schools for excellence in the workof the Senior Colleges: Foster King Ballard, Chemistry; Louise Boswell,Geography; Ching-Yueh Chang, Botany; Carroll Laurence Christensen,Political Economy; Annabel Josephine Marie Clark, Latin; Helen ReesClifford, Greek; Richard Mason Fraps, Zoology; Robert Clarke Hether-ington, Anatomy; John Harley Hughes, Geology; Bertha Ten EyckJames, English; Barnabas Hai-Tsung Lei, Philosophy; Paul SidneyMartin, Sociology; Mary Gertrude Mason, History; Louise MarieOhge, Germanic; Philip Rudnick, Physics; Fred Lewis Schuman,Political Science; Frances Ethel Wood, Education.Election to the Chicago Chapter of the Order of the Coif on nominationby the Faculty of the Law School for high distinction in the professionalwork of the Law School: John Potts Barnes, Samuel George Clawson,Margaret Whittlesey Perkins, Maurice A. Riskind, Thane TaylorSwartz, Lowell Curtis Wadmond, Max Joseph Wester.Election as associate members to Sigma Xi on nomination of twoDepartments of Science for evidence of promise of ability in researchwork in Science: Kenneth Boyd Barnes, Herbert Charles Beeskow,John William Chittum, Opal Hart Davis, Edna Ruth Main, ChestineHarold Morgan, Fred Robert Neumann, Eldridge Douglas Phillips,Father Charles Scharf, Edith Anne Smith, Alice Willard, DelbertEdmond Wobbe. Election of members to Sigma Xi: Raymond WalterTHE ONE HUNDRED THIRTY-THIRD CONVOCATION 243Barnard, Norvil Beeman, Margaret Stella Chaney, Mabel Percie Cromp-ton, John Archer Culbertson, Ezda Deviney, Frederick Hazard Frost,Edna Blackburn Gray, William George Guy, James Walter Hedley,Joseph Skean Hicks, Margaret Armstrong Hitch, Mariel Hopkins,Webster Bice Kay, Ernest Baker Keith, Joseph Wayland Morgan,Vincent Pagliarulo, Russell Eugene Palmateer, Emily Marie Puder,Lewis Dillon Roberts, Mabel Katherine Schwartz, Mina Daisy Southard,George Edward Spieth, Samuel Bradford Stone, Albert Earl Woodruff,Percy White Zimmerman.Election of members to the Beta of Illinois Chapter of Phi BetaKappa: Margaret Bassett Abraham, John Jacob Abt, Ruth MargaretBartlett, Eugenia Campbell (June, 1923), Virginia Carlson, RussellCowgill Carrell, Catherina Meyrick Clarke (August, 1923), AveryOdelle Craven, Orladay Paul Decker, Elizabeth Elson, Gladys LouiseFinn (June, 1923), Irwin LeRoy Fischer (June, 1923), Hortense LouiseFox, Maurice Harold Friedman, Samuel Louis Goldberg, FrederickMax Haase, Jr., Helen Eleanor Hammerstrom, Harry James Hunt,Bertha Ten Eyck James, John Kenneth Laird, Jr., Maurice TiemannLesemann, Elizabeth Gatewood Johnson Levinson (March, 1923),Arnold Leo Lieberman (June, 1923), Helen Ethel Line, Laura Lucas,Savilla Story Schoff Millis, Evelyn Loretta McLain, Helen McPike,Ruth Elizabeth Parker, Anne Protheroe, Julia Crancer Rhodus, HelenGertrude Robbins (June, 1923), Phillip Rudnick (June, 1923), MaryIsabel Schell, Fred Lewis Schuman (June, 1923), Philip Fogelson Shapiro(August, 1923), Pearce Shepherd (June, 1923), Gertrude ElizabethShippen, Arthur Stenn (June, 1923), Ruth Margaret Hilda Swanson,Lucy Lucile Tasher (June, 1923), Helen Chapman Tieken, GladysMarion Walker, Helen Canfield Wells.The Florence James Adams Prize for excellence in Artistic Reading:Elwin Earl Bartlett, First; Robert Lanyon, Second. The Milo P.Jewett Prize for excellence in Bible Reading: Edward Herman Koster.The David Blair McLaughlin Prize for excellence in the writing ofEnglish Prose: Hyla May Snider. The Wig and Robe Prize for excellence in the work of the first two years in the Law School: Saul HenryWeinberg. The Civil Government Prize: James Louis Watson, First;Irwin Goodman, Second. The Conference Medal for excellence inAthletics and Scholarship: Campbell Dickson. Commissions in FieldArtillery Officers' Reserve Corps, United States Army: Edgar Bibas,Ernest Orlin Bonecutter, George Henry Dougherty, Jr., William LorenzEpple, James Aloysius Key, Crighton MacGaffey, Sidney Andrew Peder-sen, Lloyd Ernest Rohrke, Clarke Munroe Shaw. The Howard Taylor244 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDRicketts Prize for research in Pathology: Sara Elizabeth Branham.The Fellowship in Physiology provided by the Rockefeller Foundation:Robert K. S. Linn, M.B., University of Edinburgh: The , NationalResearch Fellowships in Physiology: Gerald Watson Hamilton, M.D.,Rush Medical College, 1922; Nathaniel Kleitman, Ph.D., Universityof Chicago, 1923; Carlos Isaac Reed, A.B., Ohio State University,191 5. The National Research Fellowships in Physics, provided by theRockefeller Foundation: Frank William Bubb, A.M., WashingtonUniversity, 1917; Melvin Mooney, Ph.D., University of Chicago,1923; H. S. Read, Ph.D., Cornell University, 1924. The Mr. andMrs. Frank G. Logan Research Fellowship in Bacteriology: Casper I.Nelson. The Rosenberger Medal, founded by Mr. and Mrs. Jesse L.Rosenberger, in recognition of his service to humanity in the discoveryof Insulin: Frederick Grant Banting, M.D., LL.D., D.Sc.Degrees were conferred as follows: The Colleges: the degree ofBachelor of Arts, 5; the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy, 249; thedegree of Bachelor of Science, 108; the degree of Bachelor of Philosophyin Education, 57; the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy in Commerce andAdministration, 50; the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy in Social ServiceAdministration, 2 ; the re-enacted degree of Bachelor of Arts conferredby the Old University of Chicago, 1. The Graduate School of Arts andLiterature: the degree of Master of Arts, 70; the degree of Doctor ofPhilosophy, 14; the degree of Master of Arts in Commerce and Administration, 8; the degree of Master of Arts in Social Service Administration, 1. The Ogden Graduate School of Science: the degree of Master ofScience, 21; the degree of Doctor of Divinity, 1; the degree of Masterof Arts, n; the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, 6. The Law School:the degree of Bachelor of Laws, 15; the degree of Doctor of Law, .34.The total number of degrees conferred was 677.During the academic year 1923-24 the following degrees have beenconferred:The Degree of Bachelor of Arts, Philosophy, or Science .... 901The Degree of Bachelor of Laws 24The Degree of Master of Arts or Science 342The Degree of Bachelor of Divinity 6The Degree of Doctor of Law (J.D.) 58The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. 124Total 1 ,455The Convocation Prayer Service was held in Hutchinson Hall onSunday Morning, June 8, at 10:30 a.m. The Convocation ReligiousService was held in Leon Mandel Assembly Hall at n :oo. The sermonTHE ONE HUNDRED THIRTY-THIRD CONVOCATION 245was preached by President Clarence A. Barbour, D.D., Rochester Theological Seminary, Rochester, New York.The Convocation Reception was held on Monday evening, June 9,in Hutchinson Hall. The receiving line consisted of President and Mrs.Burton, the Honorable William E. Dever and Mrs. Dever, Dr. andMrs. Franklin Chambers McLean, and Professor James Hayden Tufts.The Beta of Illinois Chapter of Phi Beta Kappa held its annualmeeting at 6:30 p.m., June 4, at the Quadrangle Club, with AddisionWebster Moore presiding. After dinner an address was made by Professor Gordon Jennings Laing on "Literature and Leisure." Thefollowing officers were elected: president, Mrs. Nott Flint; vice-president,Professor Leonard Dupee White; secretary and treasurer, ProfessorGeorge Linnaeus Marsh.Despite rather unfavorable weather, the 1924 Reunion was a realsuccess. The "C" Dinner opened the festivities on Thursday night,June 5, with the largest gathering of "C" men in the history of thatevent. On the same night the classes of '99 and '09 celebrated theirtwenty-fifth and fifteenth anniversaries respectively.The Sing, on Friday night, surpassed all previous Sings in attendance and general effect. With Hutchinson Court and Mitchell Towerbeautifully illuminated, and the Court crowded to capacity, approximately 2,000 men took part in the fraternity delegations that sang.Following the band concert, which started this event, the Class of1914, coming from their class dinner in the Cafe, entered with someseventy-five members and sang 1914 songs. Then the fraternities filedthrough in the order drawn, as usual, by lot. Then came the "C"men, led by the "Old Man" who, after the singing, distributed the "C"blankets and announced tHb athletic honors for the year. The eventclosed with the chimes, followed by the Alma Mater sung by the entireassembly and a great Chicago yell.The Alumnae Breakfast in Ida Noyes Hall auspiciously opened theevents on Saturday, June 7— Alumni Day. Mrs. Ernest DeWitt Burtonand Mrs. James Hayden Tufts were the special guests. Alice Greenacre,'08, J.D. 'n, president of the Chicago Alumnae Club, presided. DeanMarion Talbot, Grace Coulter, '99, Shirley Farr, '04, Mary E. Courtenay,'09, Mrs. Helene Pollak Gans, '14, Helen Wells, '24— representing thegraduating class— and Miss Frances Gillespie, Head of Kelly Hall,gave very interesting talks to a gathering of alumnae that filled IdaNoyes Hall dining room. The affair was in charge of Lois E. Higgins, '18.During the afternoon a large number of alumni attended the WesternConference Track Meet on Stagg Field.246 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDAt 5 p.m. the crowd gathered around the Shanty and class umbrellason the Circle. In the Shanty' Ceremonies, the class of '03, headed byTom Hair, E. V. L. Brown, and Ralph Merriam, and backed by an '03"jury," read an indictment against '04, on the grounds of voraciousappetites as students, and challenged their admission into the Shanties.Adelbert Stewart, '04 class president, who had come on from Washington,D.C., represented '64, and honorably defended the good name of his class,thereby "winning" the jury's favorable decision and the crowd's laughter.To justify their rightful admission, the class of '04, headed by Leo F.Wormser and William Z. Nourse, presented their play, the "Passions of1904" in Mandel Hall, after the Reunion Supper. The play, a cleversketch by Mrs. Lauretta Octigan White, brought rounds of laughter fromthe alumni audience in dealing with student tribulations under ProfessorStarr and other members of the Faculty in '04 days. Mr. Nourse asProfessor Starr, and Mrs. Frieda Krichoff Brown as Miss Prim, wonspecial distinction in their parts. Unquestionably the class of '04carried on the Shanty tradition with great success.The Alumni Supper, in Bartlett Gymnasium, had an attendance ofover 500. Charles F. Axelson, chairman of the Alumni Council andpresident of the College Alumni Association, presided. In his roll callof delegates from alumni clubs, the following responded: Boston, Mrs.Ann Reed Harwood, '99; Boise, Idaho, Mrs. Pauline Horn Pope, '09;Chicago Alumnae, Helen Norris, '07; Chicago Alumni, Howell W. Murray, '14; Cleveland, Nell C. Henry, '12; Dallas, Texas, Chester A.Hammill, '13, and Mrs. Rhoda Pfeifer Hammill, '14; Davenport, Iowa,Paul Mandeville, '99; Los Angeles, Mrs. and Mrs. Frederick A. Speik,'05, and John Vruwink, '22; Milwaukee, Rudy Matthews, '14; NewYork Alumnae, Mrs. Helen Pollak Gans, '14; New York Alumni, CharlesV. Drew, '99; Sioux City, Iowa, Henry Shull, '14; Sioux Falls, S.D.,Iona J. Rehm, '21; Washington, D.C., Adelbert Stewart, '04.President Burton made the address of welcome, wherein he stressedthe needs of the University and urged the co-operative interest of thealumni in solving some of the pressing problems now confronting theirAlma Mater. Harold H. Swift, president of the Board of Trustees,pointed out that in the new plans of the University the alumni were beinglooked to, to assist in their realization. The class umbrella was thenpresented to the Seniors, who were welcomed into the Alumni Association,and after the class of 1914 gave a musical stunt, the crowd adjourned toattend the '04 play in Mandel Hall. After the play, the remainder ofthe evening was devoted to visiting and dancing in the Reynolds Club —two floors and two orchestras being used.AWARD OF FELLOWSHIPS, 1924-25Jesse May AndersonA.B., Trinity, 1916A.B., University of Colorado, 1916Marjorie AndersonA.B., Smith College, 1913John Geldart AstonS.B., University of California, 1923Lawrence Ferdinand AthyS.B., Denison University, 1919Raymond Walter BarnardA.B., University of Michigan, 19 16S.M., ibid., 1918Adam Daniel BeittelA.B., Findlay College, 1922James Paul BennettS.B., University of Chicago, 1918S.M., ibid., 1922Ralph Decker BennettB.E. in E.E., Union College, 1921M.S. in E.E., ibid., 1923Jean Ingram BrooksA.B., Washington University, 1919A.M., Radcliffe University, 1920S. Clement BrownA.B., Bedford College, University of London,Franklin Ives CarterPh.B., University of Chicago, 1923Mark Anthony ChamberlinS.B., Northwestern University, 1923Margaret ChaneyPh.B., in Educ, University of Chicago, 1914William Charles ClevelandA.B., Beloit College, 1923Frank Dickinson CoopA.M., Cambridge University, England, 1920Andrew Wellington CordierB.A., Manchester College, 1922J. S. CornettA.M., Queen's University, 1913247 1922 EnglishGeneral LiteratureChemistryGeologyMathematicsNew TestamentPhysiological ChemistryPhysicsHistorySocial Service AdministrationHistorySocial Service AdministrationHome EconomicsPolitical EconomySystematic TheologyHistoryChurch History248 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDMarion DarganA.B., Wofford College, 1909A.M., Columbia University, 19 13Frank DickinsonA.B., University of Nebraska, 191 1M.A., ibid., 191 2Hedley Seldon DimockA.B., University of Saskatchewan, 1920Richard Lloyd DoanA.B., Indiana University, 1922Stanley Dalton DodgeS.B., University of Chicago, 1922Wilbur Dwight DunkelA.B., Indiana University, 1922A.M., Harvard University, 1923Marion Hiller DunsmoreA.B., Kalamazoo College, 1920A.M., Pacific School of Religion, 1922D.B., ibid., 1923Francis Marshall DurbinB.S. in Ed., State Teachers College, Kirksville,Missouri, 19 18Lewis Ethan EllisA.B., Syracuse University, 1920Pansy Alice EvansA.B., University of Utah, 191 7S.M., University of Chicago, 1918Carroll Lane FentonS.B., University of Chicago, 192 1Anna Bathsheba FisherA.B., University of California, 1922Vardis FisherA.B., University of Utah, 1920M.A., University of Chicago, 1922Harry Franklin ForeA.B., University of Missouri, 1905S.B. in Educ, ibid., 1906Gladys Hazel FreedA.B., University of Pittsburgh, 1920Otis Willard FreemanA.B., Albion College, 19 10M.S., University of Michigan, 1913Alfred Galpin, Jr.A.B., University of Wisconsin, 1923 HistoryPhilosophyPractical TheologyPhysicsGeographyEnglishOld TestamentPhysicsHistoryBotanyGeologyHygiene and BacteriologyEnglishEnglishLatinGeographyRomanceAWARD OF FELLOWSHIPS, 1924-25 249Raymond Joseph GarverB.A., State University of Montana, 1922Percival Taylor GatesB.S., University of Chicago, 1922Carter Victor GoodA.B., Bridgewater College, Virginia, 1918William George GuyA.B., Oxford University, England, 1920S.B., ibid., 1922Royal Glen HallA.B., Park College, 191 2D.B., Auburn Theological Seminary, 19 16A.M., University of Kansas, 1920Lucy Belle HawkinsB.S., in Ed., University of Missouri, 1920M.A., ibid., 1922Helen Fisher HohmanA.B., University of Illinois, 1916A.M., Columbia University, 1919Diploma, New York School of Social WorkHarold G. O. HolckS.B., University of Chicago, 192 1Elizabeth HooverA.B., University of Richmond, 1922Leila HoughtelingA.B., Bryn Mawr College, 191 1Edwin Ray HunterB.A., Maryville College, 1914Victor Kenneth JohnstonA.B., Queen's University, 1919Barrister-at-Law, Osgoode Hall, 1922Frederic Theodore JungS.B., University of Wisconsin, 19 19Harry Marvin ReninA.B., University of Washington, 192 1 *M.A., ibid., 1923Catherine Doris KingA.B., University of Michigan, 191 1M.A., University of Chicago, 1923Howard Yale McCluskyA.B., Park College, 192 1Thomas Leroy McMeekinS.B., Clemson College, 1921S.M., Tulane University, 1922 MathematicsBotanyEducationChemistrySystematic TheologyHome EconomicsPolitical EconomyPhysiologyHistorySocial Service AdministrationGeneral LiteraturePolitical SciencePhysiologyPolitical ScienceRomanceEducationPhysiological Chemistry25° THE UNIVERSITY RECORDClifford A. Merritt GeologyB.S., University of Manitoba, 1922M.S. (will receive), ibid., 1924Edeltrud Scholze Miller GermanA.B., Seattle Pacific College, 1920Laurens Joseph Mills EnglishA.B., Earlham College, 191 2Joseph Wayland Morgan ChemistryA.B., University of Toronto, 191 7Mattie Beth Morgan BotanyB.A., University of Chicago, 19 16Paul Franklin Morse GeologyA.B., Ohio State University, 1920Virginia Moscrip LatinA.B., University of Rochester, 1919A.M., ibid., 192 1Margaret Ransone Murray ZoologyA.B., Goucher College, 1922M.S. (will receive), Washington University, 1924Ralph W. Nelson PhilosophyB.A., Phillip's University, 191 5, also B. of OratoryA.M., University of Kansas, 1916B.D., Yale University, 1918Dorothy Virginia Nightingale ChemistryA.B., University of Missouri, 1922A.M., ibid., 1923Annie Norrington BotanyS.B., University of Manitoba, 1919Herleif Vagn Olsen Political EconomyS.B., Dartmouth College, 1922Paul Lester Palmer EducationB.A., Northwestern University, 1921M.A., ibid., 1922Echo Dolores Pepper MathematicsS.B., University of Washington, 1920M.S., ibid., 1922Marion Llewellyn Pool PhysicsS.B., University of Chicago, 1923Albert Eugene Porter LatinA.B., Arkansas College, 1903A.M., University of Chicago, 191 7Downing Eubank Proctor SociologyPh.D., Brown University, 1923John Danby Ralph GreekA.B. (will receive), Queen's University, May, 1924AWARD OF FELLOWSHIPS, 1924-25 251Arthur Edward RemickB.Chem., Cornell University, 1922 ChemistryJohn C. RogersA.B., Central University, 191 7 AnatomyMarion Wesley RoperA.B., University of Washington, 192 1 SociologyHilario A. RoxasB.A., University of the Philippines, 1920B.S., ibid., 1922 ZoologyRogers D. RuskB.S., Ohio Wesleyan, 1916M.A., Ohio State University, 191 7 PhysicsWalter Charles RussellB.S., Ohio Wesleyan University, 1914 ChemistryNathaniel Edgar SaxeA.B., University of Dubuque, 191 7M.A., Iowa State University, 1922 RomanceRaymond Thomas StammA.B., Gettysburg College, 1920 New TestamentMarion Elizabeth StarkA.B., Brown University, 19 16A.M., ibid., 191 7 MathematicsMarietta StevensonB.E., Illinois State Normal, 1916M.A., ibid., 1920 Political ScienceSamuel Bradford StoneB.S., Lafayette College, 192 1M.S., ibid., 1923 ChemistryCharles W. StudtA.B., Washington University, 19 16M.S., ibid., 192 1 GeologyJohn Alvin SurerusA.B., University of Toronto, 191 5 GermanHermann H. ThorntonA.B., Wittenberg College, 1918 RomanceCatherine TorranceB.A., University of Chicago, 1898M.A., ibid., 191 2 LatinWilbur Rudolph TweedyA.B., Indiana University, 19 16 Physiological ChemistryAdah Elizabeth VerderS.B., University of Chicago, 1923 Bacteriology252 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDSocial Service AdministrationSociologyGuy Richard Vowles Comparative PhilologyB.A., Fargo College, 1906 ,B.A., Oxford University, England, 1910M.A., ibid., 19 14HlLBERT AMIEL WALDKOENIGPh.B., University of Chicago, 1920LL.B., University of MarylandTsi-Chang WangA.B., Fukien University, 1920A.M., Oberlin, 1922Frank Garrett WardA.B., University of Toronto, 1923A.M., ibid., 1924Rolland Hays WatersA.B., Baker University, 1920John Daniel Wild, Jr.Ph.B., University of Chicago, 1923John Albert WilsonA.B., Princeton University, 1920A.M., American University of Beirut, 1923Mllbourne Otto WilsonB.S. in Ed., State Teachers' College of Missouri, 1919A.M., University of Chicago, 1920Yui-Hsun Woo PhysicsB.S., University of Chicago, 1922Iris Wood Social Service AdministrationA.B., University of Wisconsin, 191 5HOYLANDE DENUNE YOUNG ChemistryS.B., Ohio State University, 1922Roscoe Conkling Young PhysicsA.B. and B.S., College of William and Mary, 1909A.M., ibid., 1910Clifford Maynard Zierer Geography nA.B., Indiana University, 1922A.M., ibid., 1923 Old TestamentPsychologyPhilosophyOriental LanguagesPsychologyEVENTS: PAST AND FUTUREGENERAL ITEMSThe University Preachers for theSpring Quarter were: April 6, Rev.Francis Greenwood Peabody, D.D.,LL.D., Harvard University, Cambridge,Massachusetts; April 13, Rev. CharlesReynolds Brown, D.D., LL.D., dean ofthe Yale Divinity School, New Haven,Connecticut; April 20, Rev. Henryvan Dyke, D.D., LL.D., professor ofEnglish literature, Princeton University,Princeton, New Jersey; April 27, Dr.van Dyke; May 4, Rev. Willard L.Sperry, D.D., dean of the HarvardTheological School, Cambridge, Massachusetts; May n, Dr. Sperry; May 18,Rev. Cornelius Woelfkin, D.D., LL.D.,Litt.D., Park Avenue Baptist Church,New York City; May 25, Dr. Woelfkin;June 1, Rev. Bishop Edwin Holt Hughes,D.D., LL.D., Boston, Massachusetts;June 8, Rev. Clarence A. Barbour,D.D., president, Rochester TheologicalSeminary, Rochester, New York.The Chicago Symphony Orchestra,under the auspices of the UniversityOrchestral Association, gave a concertat the University on the afternoon ofApril 14, in Leon Mandel Assembly Hall.The University baseball team playedtwelve Conference games in the courseof the Spring Quarter, from April 12 toJune 14, as follows: Iowa, 1-3; Wisconsin, 6-8; Northwestern, 1-2; Purdue,5-6; Michigan Agricultural College,8-4; Iowa, 7-9; Purdue, 6-12; Butler,6-8; Northwestern, 4-7; Indiana, 3-12;Ohio State, 2-10; Ohio State, 0-9.The difficulty of Faculty members inmeeting the great increase of house andapartment rentals has been so acute atthe University that a study is being madeto relieve the situation. The problem istwofold: to provide suitable housingaccommodations within the means ofthe man of limited salary and to keepthe Faculty permanently housed in theneighborhood of the University.^After a survey by a commission composed of Trustees and Faculty members, a tentative plan has just been adoptedfor an apartment building to be constructed and owned by the University,in which the apartments would be leasedto Faculty members at a rental basedon a fair return on the investment pi asoperating costs. It is thus hoped that asubstantial saving in rent can be secured.Messrs. Chatten and Hammond, architects, have been engaged to prepareplans for a twenty-four apartmentbuilding. As soon as these are completedand the cost of construction determinedby bids, the commission will decidewhether or not such a building is to beerected.The prize of $100 offered annuallyby the American Dante Society to collegestudents and recent graduates for anessay on a subject drawn from the lifeor works of Dante has just been awardedto Miss Fredericka V. Blankner, whotook her Bachelor's degree at the University in 1922, and a Master's degree inItalian in 1923, and is now a graduatestudent in the Romance Department.Her essay was on "The Influence ofDante upon Lorenzo de Medici." Thisprize is not awarded unless some one ofthe essays submitted seems to the judgesto be of really notable excellence, andhas been awarded only about once intwo years. This is the first time thatthe prize has been won by a Universitystudent.Harold Elliot Nicely, a graduate ofthe University in 192 1, has been awardedthe New Testament Fellowship fromthe Princeton Theological Seminary,from which he recently graduated, tostudy at Cambridge, England.Coach J. H. White, for more thanfifteen years the Director of the VarsitySwimming Team of, the University,died on April 14 at the Illinois CentralHospital after a ten days' illness. Heartpoisoning was reported as the cause ofhis death. Coach White has been knownin Conference circles for the last fifteenyears as one of the leading water coachesof the Conference, having produced253254 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDchampionship swimming teams in 1909,1916, 1919, and 1920. In addition,he coached winning water basket-ballteams in the three last seasons. CoachWhite was born in Spring Valley, NewYork, in 1867, being fifty-seven yearsold when he died.Edgar J. Goodspeed, Professor ofBiblical and Patristic Greek at theUniversity, and author of The NewTestament: an American Translation,made a three-weeks tour of the West inMay, delivering his lecture on "WhyTranslate the New Testament?" infourteen cities. The lectures were, forthe most part, arranged by the Alumniclubs in the various cities, which includedMilwaukee, Aurora, Minneapolis, CedarFalls, Des Moines, Kansas City, Wichita,Lawrence, Denver, Los Angeles, Pasadena, Berkeley, Palo Alto, and SanFrancisco. The tour was arranged bythe Alumni Council.President Emeritus Harry PrattJudson, of the University, is now inParis on his way to the Scandinaviancountries, where he will visit the universities in the interest of the Scandinavian-American Foundation. Although President Judson has been invited to lectureat the universities in October, he willbe unable to do so, as he sails fromEngland for the JJnited States on September 20.Dr. Judson is president of the Chicagobranch of the Scandinavian-AmericanFoundation, the purpose of which is topromote the exchange of scholars betweenScandinavian and American universities.Edward S. Curtis' The North AmericanIndian, copy 457 of a limited edition offive hundred copies, has just been presented to the University Libraries.The work consists of twelve volumes,each volume accompanied by a largeportfolio of plates, the binding of thevolumes and portfolios being in a finebrown morocco. The estimated valueof the set is $1,800, and because of itscontents, printing, binding, illustrations,and plates is regarded as one of the mostvaluable and artistic acquisitions so farreceived by the University Libraries.The new officers of the RenaissanceSociety of the University, the purpose ofwhich is to promote an interest in various phases of the fine arts, have just beenannounced.Dean Elizabeth Wallace, of the Department of Romance Languages and Literatures, is the new president of the Societyand the vice-presidents are: William G.Whitford, Acting Chairman of theDepartment of Art Education; JuliaCooley Altrocchi; and J. Spencer Dicker-son, Secretary of the Board of Trustees.The secretary of the Society is SusanWade Peabody, who received her Doctor'sdegree from the University; and thetreasurer is Dean William S. Gray, ofthe College of Education.The executive committee for the year1924-25 consists of the following members: Emerson H. Swift, of the Department of Art, chairman; Mrs. LoradoTaft, T. George Allen, Secretary of theOriental Institute, Nellie Walker, Chicago sculptor, and Jared K. Morse,National Research Fellow in Physics.Professor Carl D. Buck, Head of theDepartment of Comparative Philologyat the University, who is the AnnualProfessor in the American School ofClassical Studies at Athens during thepresent academic year, has been givingtwo courses of lectures in the, school — oneon dialect inscriptions and one on modernGreek. The work of the school has alsoconsisted of lectures on prehistoricpottery, topography, and the monuments; and among the lecturers hasbeen Professor R. C. Flickinger, a Doctorof Philosophy of the University in 1904,who expounded to the school the Theaterof Dionysus and its problems.Professor Buck is expected to return tothe University in time for opening ofthe Autumn Quarter.Professor A. A. Michelson, Head ofthe Department of Physics at the University, who is president of the NationalAcademy of Sciences, presided at thededication of the National ScienceBuilding in Washington, D.C., on April28. President Calvin Coolidge was oneof the speakers on the occasion;' Dr.John C. Merriam, president of theCarnegie Institution of Washington,spoke for the National Academy, andDr. Vernon Kellogg, secretary of theNational Research Council, spoke forthe Council. The building, costing$1,500,000, is of general public interestbecause of its artistic design and itsEVENTS: PAST AND FUTURE 255continuous illustration of striking naturalphenomena and recent discoveries inscience.Among other apparatus on exhibitionand in actual operation are four remarkable measuring instruments devised byProfessor Michelson, president of theAcademy of Sciences, who received theNobel Prize for his researches in light.The visitor may himself manipulatethe interferometers which made possiblethe measurement of the wave-length oflight and the diameter of such stars asBetelgeuse. And he can twist with hisown hands a bar of steel of more than aninch in diameter, and measure the torsionby the interferometer.The Board of Education and theSuperintendent of Schools in Chicagoinvited members of the Faculty of theSchool of Education of the University toaddress conferences of Chicago principalson various aspects of the junior highschool movement. Director Charles H.Judd introduced the series of addresseswith a lecture on "The Developmentof the Junior High School Movement"and the various forms of this movementin different parts of the country. OnMay 31 Professor Rolla M. Try on discussed the special importance of socialstudies in the junior high school program;June 3, Charles J. Pieper spoke on naturalscience as adapted to the needs of adolescent pupils; June 4, Principal William C.Reavis discussed educational guidanceand counseling in the junior high school;and June 6, Professor Henry C. Morrisonconsidered the relation of the junior highschool to other divisions of the public-school system.The Phi Delta The ta Fraternity has purchased a new residence at Fifty-seventhStreet and Woodlawn Avenue to be thepermanent home of the Chicago Chapter,which they will occupy beginning withthe Autumn Quarter. The propertyis valued at $85,000, and comprises athree-story face-brick house, a two-story garage, and a lot, which hasfifty-foot frontage on Woodlawn Avenue.The University Chapel Choir, under thedirection of Robert Waterman Stevens,gave a series of Sunday-evening sacredconcerts from the Herald and Examiner-Sears, Roebuck & Company Station,WLS, located at the Hotel Sherman, from 6:30 to 9:00 p.m., on May 18, 20,21, 23, June 3, 6, and 10.A dinner of welcome in honor of theFaculty of Rush Medical College ofthe University was given by PresidentErnest D. Burton and the Faculty ofthe Ogden Graduate School of Science inIda Noyes Hall, June 3, at six-thirtyo'clock. There were approximatelyninety-three people present. ProfessorHenry G. Gale, Dean of the OgdenGraduate School of Science, presided,and after-dinner talks were given byDr. John Merle Coulter "For the Graduate School," Dr. Ernest Edward Irons"For the Rush Medical College," Dr.Frank Billings "For Medicine in Chicago," and President Burton "For theUniversity." This was an occasion ofunusual significance, since it marked theunion of Rush Medical College with theUniversity.A luncheon in honor of William E.Dever, Mayor of Chicago, was givenby President Ernest D. Burton of theUniversity in Ida Noyes Hall, June 10,at half-past one o'clock, at which sixty-seven Faculty members and guests ofthe University were present.The first report to the President of theBoard of Trustees of the Universityhas been made by the local Committee onSocial Research, which is composed ofrepresentatives of the Departments ofHistory, Political Economy, Sociologyand Anthropology, Political Science, andPhilosophy. It contains a digest andexhibits pertaining to 24 subjects, whichwere studied under the direction of thisgroup. The Executive Committee composed of representatives of these differentdepartments were as follows: James H.Tufts, Philosophy; Leon C. MarshallPolitical Economy; Charles E. Merriam,Political Science; Andrew C. McLaughlin, History; and Albion W. Small,Sociology and Anthropology. ProfessorErnest W. Burgess took up the work inplace of Professor Small. The subcommittee composed of ProfessorsMarshall, Merriam, and Burgess were indirect supervision of the investigationperiod. The work was done under thegrant of $21,000 from the Laura SpelmanRockefeller Memorial, and a programcovering three years more has been developed. This will be financed by a further256 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDgrant -from the Memorial of $50,000 ayear for three years, and in addition anamount each year equivalent to contributions up to a maximum of $25,000annually.A life-sized portrait of ProfessorFloyd Russell Mechem, of the UniversityLaw School, which was recently presentedto the University by the Law SchoolAssociation at its annual dinner in theCity Club, was painted by LeopoldSeyffert, who a year ago won thethousand-dollar prize in the ChicagoExhibition of American Artists for hisportrait of Dean James Parker Hall,of the Law School. The presentationof the portrait was made by PresidentHenry F. Tenney, of the Law SchoolAssociation, and was accepted on behalfof the University Board of Trustees byDean Hall. Both speakers spoke ofthe great respect and affection withwhich Mr. Mechem is regarded by thestudents and alumni of the Law School.Professor Mechem, who was the firstmember of the new Law Faculty to bechosen by President William RaineyHarper, was called from the Universityof Michigan law school. He was thefounder and first dean of the DetroitCollege of Law, and recently gave theaddress at its commencement exercises.Professor Mechem, who has been aProfessor of Law at the Universityfor twenty-one years, is an authority inthe field of agency, a two- volume revisionof his original work on that subject beingissued in 1914. He is now preparinga further revision of it for the AmericanLaw Institute.James Rowland Angell, president ofYale University, lectured in Leon MandelAssembly Hall at 8:15 p.m., April 3,under the auspices of the William VaughnMoody Foundation. His subject was,"The Place of Education in a Democracy."C. V. L. Charlier, director of theObservatory at Lund, Sweden, lecturedin Harper Assembly Room on the afternoons of April 3 and 4, at 4:30 p.m.,on "Statistics and Natural Philosophy."Sidney F. Wicks, editor of the Manchester Guardian Weekly, lectured inHarper Assembly Room at 4:30 p.m.,April 8, on "The Labor Party and theLabor Government in England." John Henry Wigmore, dean of theLaw School of Northwestern University,gave an illustrated lecture in HarperAssembly Room, April 8, at 8: 00 p.m., on"The League of Nations: Its Structureand Functions."William Smith Culbertson, vice-chairman of the United States TariffCommission, Washington, D.C., lecturedin Harper Assembly Room at 4:30 p.m.,April n, on "Economic Factors inInternational Relations."Willard Parker, president of theBacon Society of America, lecturedin Harper Assembly Room at 8: 15 p.m.,April 16, on "The Baconian Originof the Shakespere Plays." Being anexpert in this field, and having devotedmany years to this special study, Mr.Parker showed a wealth of knowledgeon Baconian matters.Ben Blessum, a representative in theUnited States and Canada of the Norwegian government railways, deliveredan illustrated lecture in Leon MandelAssembly Hall, April 18, at 8: 15 p.m., on"Glimpses of Norway's Fjords." Mr.Blessum was born in Norway, and haslived in the United States for morethan thirty years. He is by professiona painter and journalist.Dr. Alice Solomon of Berlin lecturedin Harper Assembly Room at 4:30 p.m.,April 22, on "Social and IndustrialConditions in Germany."John Matthews Manly, Professorand Head of the Department of Englishin the University, delivered a series offour illustrated lectures in HarperAssembly Room, at 8:15 p.m., April23, 24, 30, and May 15, on "SomeNew Light on Chaucer."Sir Bernard Pares, professor of Russianlanguage, literature, and history in theUniversity of London, lectured in HarperAssembly Room at 4:30 p.m., April28, on "Present-Day Russia."Professor Bruce M. Djonaldson, ofthe University of Michigan, deliveredan illustrated lecture in Harper AssemblyRoom at 8: 00 p.m., April 29, on "ModernAmerican Architecture." This lecturewas given under the auspices of theRenaissance Society.EVENTS: PAST AND FUTURE 257L. P. Jacks, principal of ManchesterCollege, Oxford, England, lectured , inLeon Mandel Assembly Hall at 8: 15 p.m.,May 19, on "A New Approach to theLeague of Nations."Howard Carter, discoverer of thetomb of Tutenkhamon, delivered anillustrated lecture, for members of theUniversity only, in Leon Mandel Assembly Hall at 8: 15 p.m., May 24, on "Incidents in the Discovery of the Tomb ofTutenkhamon.''Professor Ferdinand Schevill, of theDepartment of History in the University,delivered an illustrated lecture in JIarperAssembly Room at 8:00 p.m., May 27,on "Siena: A Medieval City." Thislecture was under the auspices of theRenaissance Society.The thirty-sixth Educational Conference of the Academies and High Schoolsin co-operation with the University washeld at the University on May 8 and 9.On May 10 also was held the Mid-westConference on Supervision.Among the speakers from the University at the first general session on May8 were Vice-President James HaydenTufts, Dean of the Faculties, whodiscussed " Co-ordination between Collegeand High School." At the second session,devoted to "The Problem of Citizenshipin the High School," Principal WilliamC. Reavis, of the University High School,gave a summary of studies in the field.At the third session "The Quest forCriteria of Citizenship" was discussedby Charles E. Merriam, Chairman ofthe Department of Political Science, and"Citizens in the Making," by HenryPorter Chandler, J.D., 1906, president ofthe City Club, Chicago. Among thespeakers at the fourth session wereFrank N. Freeman, Professor of Educational Psychology, and Edward A.Duddy, Assistant Professor of Commercial Organization.At the Departmental Conferences,May 9, in Art, Biology and Agriculture,Commercial Education, English, Geography, Greek and Latin, History and Civics,Home Economics, Manual Arts, Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry, andRomance, representatives from the University included Arno B. Luckhardt,Professor of Physiology; Henry C.Cowles, Professor of Botany; Leon C. Marshall, Chairman of the Department of Political Economy; HarlanH. Barrows, Chairman of the Departmentof Geography; Frank J. Miller, Professorof Latin; Ferdinand Schevill, Professorof Modern European History; HerbertE. Slaught, Professor of Mathematics;Arthur H. Compton, Professor of Physics;and Carlos Castillo, Assistant Professorof Spanish.Professor John Merle Coulter, Headof the Department of Botany at theUniversity, received the honorary degreeof Doctor of Science at the June commencement of Lake Forest University.Professor Coulter, who recently returnedfrom a six months' absence in Chinaand Japan where he lectured beforecolleges and universities on evolutionand the relation of science and religion,has been president of Indiana and LakeForest universities, as well as presidentof the American Association for theAdvancement of Science, the BotanicalSociety of America, and the AmericanAssociation of University Professors.The new Barrows Lecturer in Indiafor the University, Rev. Charles W.Gilkey, minister of the Hyde ParkBaptist Church, Chicago, will leave inJuly for Scotland and London to spendhis vacation in final preparation of thelectures, the purpose of which is topresent in a friendly and temperate waythe truths of Christianity to the scholarly •and thoughtful people of India. Mr.Gilkey is a Trustee of the University,and his wife, who accompanies him, isa graduate. In October they will goto India, where several weeks will bespent in learning about the presentpolitical and religious conditions beforethe lectures are begun. These willbe delivered in five or six principal citiesof India during December and Januaryand once in Burma in early February.Because of the limited time, Mr.Gilkey will not be able to lecture inChina and Japan, as at first planned,but will return direct from India byway of Egypt, arriving in this countryabout the first of April, 1925.Two volumes of special interest byUniversity professors have recentiy beenannounced by the publishers: WhereEvolution and Religion Meet, by JohnM. Coulter, Head of the Department of258 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDBotany, and Merle C. Coulter, AssistantProfessor of Plant Genetics; and Essaysin Early Christian History, by ElmerTruesdell Merrill, Professor of Latin.The joint authors of the first book arefather and son, the former having justreturned from China and Japan, wherehe lectured before colleges and universities on evolution and the relation ofscience and religion. Among other striking statements in the book are these:"The reason scientific men believe inChristianity is that they find it to bethoroughly scientific." "Since it hasselected our most masterful passion asthe stimulus, Christianity is the finalreligion."In his essays on early Christian historyProfessor Merrill has written a book ofhistorical criticism, not theological. Ithas met with unexpectedly favorablecriticism, among the reviewers beingDean Inge, of London, who says it is " anoriginal and unprejudiced study; hisbook will probably be the standard workon the early persecutions."In June there appeared from theUniversity Press the long-expected illustrated volume on Our Physical World,by Elliot Rowland Downing, AssociateProfessor of Natural Science in the Schoolof Education of the University. It ispublished to meet an insistent demandfor more thorough and comprehensiveinstruction in practical science. Since1900 there has been a greater increasein the percentage of students enrolledin science in the high schools than inany other subject except English.The chief need in science instructiontoday is a more efficient organization ofthe course of study with a view to itssocialization and practical application."The University of Chicago Nature-Study Series" is intended to furnish aunified course in science, and the presentvolume in the series provides the teacherand pupil with the subject-matter ofelementary physical science or physicalnature-study organized about toys andfamiliar home appliances.It is a fascinating book for all boys andgirls, and the special chapter on " RadioCommunication," by Fred G. Anibal,formerly radio officer in the United StatesAir Service, will appeal to the rapidlyincreasing circle of radio users. Amongthe subjects discussed and illustratedare "The Earth's Rock Foundations," "The Conquest of the Air," "Fire andIts Uses," "Steam and Gasoline Engines,""Discoveries in Magnetism and Electricity," "Electrical Inventions," "Devicesfor Seeing Better, Farther, and Longer,""Cameras and Picture-Making," and"The Homemade Orchestra."The book has nearly two hundredillustrations of great interest and beauty.A volume giving the main facts abouttests, test methods, and test accomplishments, in the field of business, has beenissued by the University Press under thetitle of Psychological Tests in Business.The authors, Arthur W. Kornhauser andForrest A. Kingsbury, of the Departmentof Psychology at the University, discussthe actual usefulness of tests in thebusiness world and the possibilities offuture development. It is hoped thatthe material in the book will prove usefulto anyone interested in the problem ofmore adequately adjusting men to jobs.In the preface the authors give a wordof caution against "ready-to-use" tests,on the ground that tests are scientificinstruments and should be supervisedby someone trained in applied psychology.A new publication which appearedin May at the University under thetitle of The Forge is a journal of versepublished by an organization of students,the Poetry Club of the University, whichbelieves that the recent revival of interestin poetry in this country, especially inthe Middle West, justifies a new publication. Older members of the club, nowliving in all parts of the country, havehad contributions in numerous magazinesof distinction such as the AtlanticMonthly, Poetry, The Dial, etc., and theclub has recently issued a highly creditable anthology by its members.The editor-in-chief of the new journalis Gladys Campbell, Instructor in Englishin the University High School, and theassociate editors are Bertha Ten EyckJames, twice winner of the Fiske PoetryPrize, and George H. Dillon. Amongthe contributing editors are MauriceLeseman, Yvor Winters, Jessica NelsonNorth, Marian Manly, Elizabeth MadoxRoberts, Will Ghere, and Robert Redfield.The advisory board for The Forgeconsists of Mrs. William Vaughn Moody,Edith Foster Flint, Robert MorssLovett, and James Weber Linn.ATTENDANCE IN SPRING QUARTER, 19241924 1923 Gain LossMen Women Total Men Women TotalI. Arts, Literature, and Science:i. Graduate Schools —Arts, Literature 286367 266106 552473 280322 203121 483443 6930Total 2. The Colleges-Senior 65359867734 37253947526 1, 0251,1371,15260 60259567643 3245i646935 9261,1111,14578 9926718Total 1,3091,962105235 1,0401,41217 -73 2,3493,374122938 1,3141,916121634 1,0201,3442622 2,3343,260147836 1511412Total Arts, Literature, andII. Professional Schools:i. Divinity School —Graduate 25Total 14210762 272010 16912772 161IOI68 3024II 19112579 2 22*2. Medical Courses —77 7 2 1 3 4Total 1761376077 3041 2061416177 1711167090 36611 2071227191 19 13. Law School —1014Total 27425411491756 5234720203 279259481691959 276204317822015 8214524351 2842344820225516 25 s4. College of Education 5. School of Commerce and Administration —33607Total 37i7 502212 4212912 45646 651525 5211931 10 1006. Graduate School of Social ServiceAdministration —19Total 79952,957240 343801,79234 411,3754,749274 101,0943,010250 403931,73743 5o1,4874,747293 2 9Total Professional 112Net Totals in Quadrangles 2,717 1,758 4,475 2,760 1,694 4,454 21517 1,199 1,716 295 1,028 1,323 393Total 3,23423 2,95728 6,19151 3,o5541 2,72247 5,77788 414Net Total in the University 3,211 2,929 6,140 3,014 2,675 5,689 451259260 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDATTENDANCE IN SPRING QUARTER, 1924Graduate UndergraduateArts, Literature, and Science 1,025159127141 2,34910*Divinity School Medical Courses 79138259Law School College of Education School of Commerce and Administration . . .Graduate School of Social Service Administration 4829 37312Total 1,529138 3,220Duplicates 136Net Total in Quadrangles 1,391353 3,084University College 1,363Total i,7443 4,447Duplicates 48Net Total in the University i,74i 4,399Grand Total 6, C40* Unclassified students.JOHN MERLE COULTER