The University RecordVolume IV O CTO B E R I Q I 8 Number 4THE FRANCO-AMERICAN ALLIANCEBy THE HONORABLE FRANCIS WARNER PARKER, A.M., LL.D.1In the fall, winter, and spring of 191 7 and 19 18 1 saw France in all thephases of her life, military and civil, from the front trenches to the sea.The people had converted their universities and colleges into hospitals,their homes into soldiers' billets, their factories into shops for the production of war materials. Their daily life was measured in terms of war.Their motto was, "War business as usual." Their accumulations wereexhausted, their hopes dissipated, they had drained the bitter cup ofmany a defeat. Their land was full of refugees. Darkness broodedover it. The gay and brilliant life of the cities was gone. A flashlightwas often necessary in the streets of Paris. They had suspended theirjoys. They had suffered terribly. Death had embraced their brightestand best. They do not have service flags in France, only memorialtablets. Every house could have its golden star. They had adjournedtheir sorrows. For nearly four years they have been under fire — in thedanger zone. The long-range guns by day and air bombs by nightassail them. They walk calmly amid the ruins of their homes, churches,and hospitals. Long lines of their wounded are always filing past.They operate perhaps five thousand hospitals. The cemeteries haveevery morning their rows of new-made graves waiting for the dead, whonever disappoint the gravedigger. They are dignified, resolute, withoutpessimism. They are a people of indestructible morale.-The government functions without a tremor. It is democratic,flexible, responsive. It changed hands virtually in the midst of a greatbattle, when the cannon could almost be heard in the streets of Paris,1 An address delivered in Leon Mandel Assembly Hall, August 30, 191 8, on theoccasion of the One Hundred and Eighth Convocation.167i68 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDwithout a moment of lost motion. Justice is not afraid. She reachesout her hand and takes traitors from the highest positions. They aretried publicly, under all the forms of law, released, convicted, exiled, orexecuted without a political crisis. What other nation has done thisduring this war ?The army is the surprise of the war. It moves along the highwaysinto and out of the trenches, into and out of battle, like a splendid pieceof machinery, mechanically perfect but pulsating with inner life. Itsseveral parts move like the elements of a great machine shop, withoutexcitement, confusion, or interference. It is more than a machine — itis an organism. It has learned how to win with a minimum of loss.Now it stands like a mountain of granite, now it bends like a forestbefore a storm, now it moves forward like a force of nature. I wouldliken it to one of those five-legged colossal godlike bulls of Nineveh,so fashioned that from the front it seems immovable in defense andfrom the side invincible in attack.Honor to all who have fought in this Great War! But history willhave to say that France alone had an army ready, that that army foughton its own devastated fields, a witness of the suffering of its women andchildren and the ruin of its homes and monuments, that for nearly fourlong years in defeat and discouragement it held the greater part of theline, that it was the instructor of all other armies, and that a Frenchmarshal when given the entire command organized the victory which wehope is the beginning of the end.France seems greater than ever before. She has reached moralheights never attained under Henry IV, Louis XIV, or Napoleon I.Her prestige has been restored. She has had her night and now movestoward her day. Adversity is a stimulus toward inspiration. France isa nation inspired. There is religion but no cant. She relies upon notribal pagan god but upon her people and the righteousness of hercause. She walks erect because she carries no burden of a great crimecommitted, but is rather lifted up by the inspiration of a great wrongsuffered. The world lives because France refused to die at the behest ofGermany. You have heard the story of that officer who, in a criticalmoment in the trenches, cried: "Arise, ye dead." France cries, " Arise,ye living" and the world hears and answers. Yesterday France wasknown as the defender of the faith. Tomorrow she will be known as thedefender of civilization.To better know what this France really is let me contrast it with theFrance of 1870. Then she seemed to have sunk into the position of aTHE FRANCO-AMERICAN ALLIANCE 169second-rate power. Her prestige in the world was gone. Another hadusurped her place at the council board of European nations. She hadlost provinces and a large share of her mineral wealth. Vast areas of herterritory had been devastated. Many of her people had been robbed,abused, murdered. She was left with a debt greater than that of anyother nation. She had no undeveloped West from whose inexhaustibleresources to restore her fortunes. She had no hope of immigration tobuild up her man-power. Internally she was divided. Externally shestood alone, for even America seemed cold and indifferent. You willnot easily find such a desolation, such a terrible isolation, as was Francewhen the full consequences of the German victory declared themselves.On the other hand, you will not easily find such a prompt and splendidrecovery. In that recovery there is something very notable. In thismarch from 1870 to 191 8, from defeat to victory, she threw away noneof her moral possessions. Every high spiritual asset was carried forwardand developed during this period of self-restoration. She surrenderedto no false doctrines. She exhibited all those powers and characteristicswhich have made her great in every emergency for a thousand yearsShe moved on as ever in her history, true to her high ideals, binding heiwounds as she went. If you ask me what has made this great changeI answer, "Nothing." She is not changed. We have changed. Whereaswe were blind, now we see.The progress from 1870 to 191 8 is due to those marvelous powers ofself -restoration which made France a great nation within one generationafter the Hundred Years' War; which gave her the glories of the age ofLouis XIV, after the wars of religion and in spite of the loss of theHuguenots; which enabled her to develop the world's greatest revolutionary awakening in an incredibly short time at the end of a very longparalyzing despotism; which in one decade substituted for the miseriesof the revolutionary excesses the splendor of the empire; and whichenabled her after the loss of a great colonial empire, due to the incompetency of her leaders, to build up a second colonial empire, and that tooin part in the midst of this period of self-restoration. It was the quickbeginning of this process of self-restoration which astonished the world,disconcerted Germany, and should have shown all that there was nodecadence in France.Nations seem frequently to follow a uniform curve, first of ascentand then of descent, toward decadence. The course of France is ratherto be diagrammed by a sinuous line, each peak a little higher than anyof its predecessors and the descent always followed by an instant170 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDexhibition of this inexhaustible power of self-restoration. There isnothing in history finer than the upward sweep of France from Sedanto the Marne.At a time when war is the business of the world and may long remainso, when France is so distinguishing herself as a military power, it iswell to remember that the French have always been great soldiers andsuperior creators of military practice. Happily for mankind they didnot lose these characteristics during this period of self -restoration. Longago the Hun and the Saracen were finally defeated in France.At the end of the Hundred Years' War, France, under Charles VII,established for the first time in Europe a national standing army.Charles VIII by his descent into Italy with that army swept awayboth the system and the practice of the Italian Renaissance armies.Louvois created the modern standing army with which Conde atRocroi defeated the long famous and supposedly invincible Spanishinfantry and forever broke the reputation of that form of organization.At a time when the Germans have boasted so much of their powerto take fortresses, we recall with interest that Vauban showed the worldhow to build, how to defend, and then how to take modern fortresses.He conducted forty sieges without a single failure.The French Revolution showed Europe for the first time how to puta nation in arms — how to mobilize the man-power and the resources of apeople. After the complete collapse of the Bourbon standing army andsystem, a civilian committee headed by the mathematician Carnot andsupported by the lawyer revolutionist Dan ton raised and organizedan enormous civilian army and devised a system of strategy and tacticswhich immediately crushed the standing armies of the Central Powers.Napoleon was certainly the greatest commander of modern times andthe present Kaiser of Germany tries to copy him.After 1870 the new French army was built on a static population byusing the money which in" other lands was being used for industrialdevelopment and municipal improvement. This may explain any possible retardation of industry in France. That army they built so welland on principles so original that French cannon and French militarysystem won against those of Germany in the late Balkan war. Themilitary nomenclature of most of the nations of Europe is still largelyFrench.The French army knows the value of morale. It has furnished to theAmerican Y.M.C.A. for service, to.be given to the French soldiers, aboutnine hundred huts and their necessary equipment of tables, benches,THE FRANCO-AMERICAN ALLIANCE 171stoves, and lamps and it has supplied their needs of coal, wood, and oil.It maintains many moving-picture shows, theatrical companies, andbands for the free service of its soldiers. In short, no army has furnishedso much Y.M.C.A. equipment and entertainment for its soldiers as theFrench army.Do you realize that France alone was ready with her army for thiswar? Not indeed for a treacherous war, made by the violation ofneutral territory and the disregard of sacred obligations, not for a dishonorable war fought with new, cruel, and monstrous weapons, but shewas ready for an honorable, chivalric war.The French have taught us, during this period of their self -restoration,that a democratic, idealistic, peace-loving people can when necessarycreate and maintain an army equal to the best, for after all a soldier is aman and an army is an organism, and the deathless fire of a high purposeburning in every man and the dignity of independence and self-respectmake better soldiers and a better army than mere brutalizing, rigiddiscipline.At this time when all the world is fixing its hope of political salvationon democracy, it is well to remember that France is the most democraticnation in the world and that during this period of self-restoration sheremained so. She has come nearer than any other nation to a realization of those principles of the French Revolution which still remain thegolden rule of internal political relations, universal suffrage, responsivegovernment, a sense of equality and fraternity; and since 1870 she hasabated not one jot or tittle in her devotion to democracy, although therewas every inducement and many opportunities so to do.Bourbon and Boneparte princes, whose ancestors had shed so muchglory on France, each with a powerful political party at his back, struggledfor the re-establishment of monarchical institutions. An arbitrarygovernment planted on her flank and openly engaged in an effort tocreate a great military force to assail her offered France the alluringspectacle of the military value of such a government. The teachings ofhistory invited her to meet the impending crisis by a return to autocracy.France resisted every such call.By so doing she has made the last needed demonstration of democracy. In the hour of her humiliation she threw off despotic government.During the long years which followed, in the face of that ever-present,ever-growing threat of an adjacent arbitrary power, she preserved herdemocracy. During the terrible strain of the present war she has proceeded witn less departure from democratic principles than any other172 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDnation in the world. Thus she has demonstrated that a democraticform of government can overcome internal dissensions and externalshocks and endure even under the most alarming conditions.We know now that it needs no dictator, no prince, no arbitrary formof government, no violation of the citizen's rights to organize the entireresources of a nation and hurl them effectively at an aggressor. Thisis one of the great lessons the world is being taught by France and wewould do well to remember it. Moreover, France has ever been theforemost leader in democratic propaganda. It was her eighteenth-century philosophers who taught the doctrines of modern democracy.French soldiers and sailors made their establishment in America possible.The French Revolution established them in France and then its armycreated the Italian, the Helvetian, and the Batavian republics, gavethe last blow to feudalism in Europe, and emancipated man wherever its influence extended. Beethoven's Eroica Symphony was writtenin honor of Napoleon as the liberator of Europe before he had substitutedhis own mad ambitions for those generous aspirations of the Frenchpeople. It was French propaganda which in 1830 and in 1848 sentsuccessive waves of democratic enthusiasm throughout Europe. Atevery emergency where the French people have had a chance to speakand act, for one hundred and fifty years, they have declared that sentiment toward which all now turn with hope, "The world must be democratic."In the presence of that welter of perfidy, treachery, and atrocitydelivered to the world as war, marked with the brand "Made in Germany," it is well to remember that chivalry is another word for France.That great outburst of generous sentiment and heroic action called theCrusades began with a French pope and a French preacher and endedwith a French king. Its support came largely from the French peopleand it resulted in the establishment of French principalities in Asia.The two great orders of chivalry which grew out of it, the Templarsand the Knights of St. John, the latter the Y.M.C.A. or Red Crosssociety of that period, were French. This was so true that Philip IVof France once determined to consolidate them and to provide that thegrand master should ever be a member of the house of France. Whenthey were suppressed, the one by Philip IV, the other during the FrenchRevolution, it was done by the French and each at the time had a Frenchgrand master. Such was the value to civilization of the Templars thatof their suppression Dollinger said, "October 13, 1307, was one of theblackest days of history."THE FRANCO-AMERICAN ALLIANCE 173The French have carried on more disinterested chivalrous wars thanany other nation. They have no civilized conquered nations under theirdominion. They show no disposition to wage war in any quarter of theglobe against any civilized people. Both the people and the army todayexhibit all those high qualities of chivalry and courtesy for which theyhave been traditionally celebrated. You will hear little of vindictivenessin France. They sing no hymn of hate. There is no threat of devastation for Germany when she is invaded. They are uniformly kind to theirGerman prisoners, all of whom are well fed, well housed, and far fromoverworked. It was not the French who invented or first used thosehorrid instruments of warfare which have offended the conscience ofmankind. The cathedrals, art and monuments, the women and children,the hospitals and cemeteries of Germany, will be safe in the hands of theFrench army and people.At a time when the world seems so materialistic and so ready tominimize the value of the aesthetic in life, it is well to remember thatFrance has long been and still remains the recognized art center ofEurope.There Norman architecture was developed and reached its apogee.There Gothic architecture originated and reached its most splendiddevelopment in those cathedrals, some of which, though they were thepriceless possessions of the whole race, have been ruthlessly destroyed.There Renaissance architecture, particularly that of chateau and palace,attained its highest development outside of Italy. Even today it is theEcole des Beaux Arts of Paris whence flows architectural inspirationto all the world.Ever since the return of Charles VIII from Italy the fine arts havebeen cultivated as a function of government in France and we cannotforget that even during the hard period of self-restoration France hasgiven to the world its greatest modern artist, the sculptor Rodin. InFrance there is a passion for beauty in form and color which pervadesthe entire population, and it is not without reason that she sets thefashions for the world.Is it not interesting that in France in the Dordogne and the souththere was developed by paleolithic man perhaps fifty thousand yearsago an art expressed in painting and carvings on stone and ivory whichhas not been surpassed elsewhere prior to the period of historic man ?It is fortunate for America that not only do her soldiers find splendidart and architecture in the great cities but even in or near the obscurecountry towns of France where they are quartered they generally find174 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDa cathedral or church, a chateau and a town hall each an artistic triumphand many containing art treasures of no mean value. We shall receivea great blessing when the millions of men soon to be in France come backand are distributed all over America enlightened and inspired by theircontact with French art and architecture.At a time when a tired world is looking for relief from a too intensematerialism, it is well to remember that for a thousand years throughdefeat and victory, under king, emperor, and republic, France hasalways been one of the great leaders in each succeeding movementtoward the higher intellectual development of the race.That great effort of the human mind to restore the classical processesof intellectual activity in defiance of the numbing .effect of dogma, knownas mediaeval scholasticism, found its chief center in the University ofParis.When this system had served its purpose, Descartes cast it asideand became the practical founder of that rationalism from whichpractically all modern philosophies have sprung.The philosophy of the enlightenment so far as it d rected rationalismtoward the control of social and political action was chiefly developedby the French philosophers and encyclopedists of the eighteenthcentury.France during this period of her self-restoration has given to theworld Henri Bergson, probably the greatest philosopher of the present day.Evidence of high intellectual pressure amongst the French is abundant. It is shown in their versatility, their wide range and intensityof interest, their insistence upon logical processes, their great conversational ability.Nor has France ever been a laggard in the development of the sciences. That great book, Science and Learning in France, proves thatin every age since the beginning of modern culture and in every line ofactivity, the French have produced men of the highest type, frequentlymasters and supreme leaders. During the period of her self-restorationFrance gave to science the great names of Pasteur and Curie.I do not forget that Germany, too, has produced some great thinkers.For the latter part of the eighteenth and the early part of the nineteenthcentury, she was well-nigh the leader in philosophical thought. Curiously enough, that period coincides with a period of German politicalimpotence. A comparison of the great German thinkers and writers ofthat period with those of the present might lead one to say that whenTHE FRANCO-AMERICAN ALLIANCE 175Germany is impotent she thinks, but when she is politically powerfulshe ceases to think. French thought has never been impeded by despotism or forced into any particular channel by arbitrary command. InFrance greatness of thought and greatness of act march together in sharpcontrast with what appears to be the procedure in Germany.At a time when we are taking stock of the nations, their characteristics, ideals, and aspirations, with a view to our future alliances, we maybetter understand France by comparing her with Germany.The one is a shameless and insolent autocracy — the other a joyousand confident democracy.The one believes that society is built from the top down — the otherfrom the bottom up.The one has for its national motto, "The will to power" — the other,"Liberty, equality, and fraternity."The one establishes between officer and soldier the relation ofmaster and man — the other the relation of father and son.The one rules with a rod of iron millions of highly cultured peopleswho long to escape that tyranny — the other can proudly boast, "Iam the only great nation under whose flag no civilized man reluctantlyremains."The one impudently asserts the right and boldly boasts the intention of subjugating the world — the other threatens no civilized people.The one has misruled such colonies as she once had — the other hasgiven to Northern Africa the best government it has had since the landing of Dido.The one makes woman a house frau — the other the companion andfull equivalent of man.The one trains the child to shrink from the blow he expects to receivefrom parent or teacher— the other to requite the kindness he has receivedfrom his elders by the love which he constantly shows them.The one offers the world the monuments of the Zieges Allee and thenaked giant with the eagle on his shoulder of Lincoln Park— the othercontributes to art the "Burgers of Calais" and the "Penseur" of Rodin.The one has a passion for size — the other for beauty.The one makes education an instrument whereby class distinctionsare maintained and accentuated — the other a means of suppressing orbridging the gap between classes.The one gives to those who are up the added support of the highereducation and denies to those who are down its inspiration — the otherbestows the higher education on all who claim it.176 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDThe one makes scholarship consist in the laborious accumulation ofinformation important or otherwise — the other in creative process ofgeneralization.The one denounces both the Christian dogma and rules of conduct— the other, indifferent it may be to dogma, clings tenaciously to the rulesof conduct.The one celebrates annually a day of blood and foreign conquest,September 2, Sedan day — the other a day of liberation for the Frenchand of blessing for all mankind, July 14, Bastille day.Before this France of 1918 the world stands amazed. We standhumiliated that we should have failed so utterly to understand her, thatwe should have so readily forgotten the debt we owed her, that weshould have been so blindly beguiled into exchanging our former moralalliance with her for a new one with Germany. France was ourfriend when we had no other. Because her people loved liberty anddelighted in helping the oppressed, she aided us to achieve independence, though she knew that our colonial history and English propagandahad made us suspicious of everything French. This might have createdthat moral alliance which France then expressly desired, but this movement was greatly aided by the French blood and sentiment in America.The Huguenots came here, not merely to get their daily bread or enjoythe benefits of a finished civilization, but of the best blood in France,schooled by adversity and inspired by faith, they came to help create thefabric of civilization. There was hardly an important town in the colonies which did not, before the Revolution, have its group of valued Huguenot citizens. Mr. Cabot Lodge said: "I believe that in proportion totheir numbers, the Huguenots produced and gave to the American publicmore men of ability than any other race."When Napoleon in 1803 gave us the empire of Louisiana, with itcame a new and large infusion of French blood. It would make a greatgap in American history should we erase the names of Hamilton, Jay,Marion, Fanneuil, Gerard, Vasser, Robert, Bowdoin, Gallaudet, Longfellow, Whittier, Winthrop, Bayard, Olney, and Garfield.But we have more than French blood. The eighteenth-centuryFrench philosophers were teachers of American patriots. During ourRevolution an ever-increasing stream of polished, adventurous, liberty-loving Frenchmen, radiant with the glories of the great ages of Frenchachievement and palpitating with the aspirations which soon drew theminto their own grand revolution, flowed along all the highways of American life, strewing French principles, ideas, and ideals. Our people andTHE FRANCO-AMERICAN ALLIANCE 177our statesmen were inspired by and in sympathy with the French, andso they remained even long after France had reverted to an arbitraryform of government. This is shown by that unparalleled reception ofLafayette in 1825, participated in by the entire people, when Websterapologetically declared that the settled policy of America prevented usfrom interfering with the institutions of Europe, and Jefferson predictedthat Lafayette would yet be at the head of a free government in France.Among our great men who were thus confessedly influenced by Frenchsympathies and friendships were Franklin, Washington, Madison,Monroe, Jefferson, and many others.This moral alliance continued until the Civil War, when NapoleonIII, by his ill-advised interference in Mexico, struck a heavy blow atFrench influence, and the splendid participation of the German politicalrefugees of 1848 in our struggle for human liberty gave a great impulse toGerman influence in America. The German success in 1870 preparedus for a change of moral alliance, and with the flow of emigrants fromGermany the star of France declined and the meteor of Germany flamedforth before the American people.We admired Germany for her military success, the expansion of hercommerce, the development of her industry, and the care she bestowed onher laboring classes. In education we took her university method. Inreligion we accepted her higher criticism. In civic government werecognized her superiority. Some began to think that possibly a stronggovernment like hers might better than ours withstand the strains ofexpanding population, territory, and wealth.We had no apprehension of her, no impending conflict with her,because we thought we were protected by the Monroe doctrine and thewidth of the seas which surround us. In short, we were dazzled by sizeand success and forgot the sinister content of those expressions ever onthe German tongue, "master and man," "will to power," "superman,""world-empire," "divine right of kings," "blood and iron," "Deutsch-land iiber Alles."So it happened, possibly now under German propaganda, that theFrench lost their moral alliance with us. Some accepted the Germanideas of inferior and superior races, of world-power, and the right andduty of might in international affairs. Some thought a trinity of theso-called superior peoples, American, English, and German, ought perhaps somehow to control the destinies of all the other and inferior races.I have pointed out these great characteristics of the French with nodesire to suggest invidious comparisons and with a full understanding178 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDthat France, like all other nations, has her full measure of weaknessesand her vices.France has taught us some salutary lessons and now I wish to notethat Germany too has taught us great lessons.Germany has taught us that an autocratic government can induceits intellectuals to so distort facts and pervert principles as to betrayan entire people into acceptance of false and dangerous ideals; Germanyhas taught us that the labor-saving machinery and transportation systems of a highly developed industrialism can be so used that a substantialpercentage of the man-power of a nation may be kept permanently onthe firing line, reinforced with men and supplied with munitions; .Germany has taught us that a great nation in the full light of moderncivilization can conceive, steadily develop, and forcefully put into execution an international program based wholly on the right of mightagainst other civilized nations; Germany has taught us that a greatnation does exist which can openly and unblushingly disregard andrepudiate the most solemn treaty obligations; Germany has taught usthat German ideals and German aims threaten the foundation of ourcivilization.To cope with such threats and dangers some substantial reorganization of international relations must be effected. Hitherto,such questions have been largely settled by diplomatic negotiations,treaties, and alliances directed chiefly to the particular matters in dispute. Such settlements are therefore necessarily temporary. It is plainthat Germany longs for such a procedure now. The Entente Powers,on the other hand, are searching for a method which will lead to somemore permanent settlement, although perhaps no one of them reallyhopes for that early abolition of war so devoutly desired by all.We shall probably hear less in the future about "splendid isolation"and "freedom from entangling alliances," for alliances are necessary anduseful. But the peace of the world requires something more than diplomatic alliances between individual nations. Such are always founded onmaterial interests, and it is because material interests cannot be staticthat such alliances contain the seeds of their own decay.A league of nations pledged to maintain peace by making war isonly a magnified alliance subject in a large degree to the same disease.It will be powerful for both good and evil in proportion as its membershave yielded up their rights of sovereignty. It is not easy to get nationsto yield up sovereign rights. In short, a league of many nations foundedon material interest is in a sense an untried experiment, difficult to create,THE FRANCO-AMERICAN ALLIANCE 179powerful for evil as well as good, and subject to certain decay. If therebe one such league of nations, there will soon be two or more, either insideor outside the original league. A league of nations without a limitedconstitution stating its principle and defining its duties would have theweakness of our own federation or the vices of the Athenian Empire orpossibly the strength of the Roman Empire. No more dazzling prizewas ever placed before the world than the headship of such a league ofnations. It is, in effect, reviving in a new and more alluring form thedangerous dream of the restoration of the Roman Empire.Back of any scheme for the settlement of the world's difficulties liecertain fundamental salutary principles which must first be made thecommon law of nations. They are such as are founded on experienceand sanctioned by the sound judgment of mankind, and they must besustained in whatever way occasion may require. A league of nationspledged to enforce them might perhaps be useful, but their recognitionis a condition precedent. There are at least four such great principlesor policies.1. Every nation exercising, or at any time hereafter shown to becapable of exercising, the powers of self-government should be requiredto establish and be guaranteed, just as the states of our Union are guaranteed by our Constitution, a democratic form of government. Democracies are not breeders of international war. Had Germany respondedto any one of the French invitations toward democracy of 1789, 1830,or 1848, or had she by her own action been democratic in 19 14, this warnever would have occurred.2. Every considerable homogeneous group of people, capable ofexercising the powers of self-government where a given race is dominant,should be guaranteed the right at any time to dissolve the political bondsunder which it may be held by another race and be assured the opportunity to determine for itself whether it shall form a separate nation orwith what other it shall voluntarily unite. Universal peace ought notbe desired and cannot be attained as long as any such group of highlycultivated peoples, such as the Czechs, the Poles, or the Slovaks, unitedby race, language, or common aspirations, remains subject to the hatedmastery of some other race like the German or the Hungarian. Such anorganization is not a government but a crime, a crime of coercion dailyre-enacted as their histories abundantly and painfully set forth. Suchgroups never will give up the fight and the rest of the world nevershould permit them so to do. The spectacle of a civilized peoplereluctantly held in subjection by another race is and ever will be ai8o THE UNIVERSITY RECORDconstant incitement to war. If no such group had been so held byany of the great European powers, this war never would have occurred.3. Every self-governing civilized nation should be guaranteed againstthe usurpation of its rights of sovereignty over any part of its territoryby any other nation as long as those rights are exercised in accordancewith the foregoing principles. There should be no more conquest ofcivilized peoples or their colonies. The Central Powers boldly boast thattheirs is a policy of conquest and subjugation. This war began with theeffort of one nation to usurp the sovereignty of another and in theabsence of any such purpose or policy on the part of any Europeannation it never would have occurred.4. The nations of Europe must be guaranteed against the dominanceof any one of them. The salutary principle of the balance of power inEurope is still essential to the peace of the world. Most of the greatwars in Europe have grown out of an effort to disturb that balance ofpower, and from these wars have sprung most of the other great warswhich for the last few centuries have devastated the remainder of theworld. This Great War never would have occurred had it not been forthe ambition of Germany to become supreme in Europe.These four principles of public policy if accepted and enforced wouldsuppress well-nigh all the familiar causes of war. They are principlesto which the Central Powers stand bitterly opposed, which the EntentePowers well-nigh unanimously support, and which France both supportsand is in a peculiar position to enforce.France as the most democratic nation in the world can be trustedin the movement for universal democracy; as the one civilized nationwhich holds no civilized people in subjugation she can be trusted inthe movement for universal self-determination of peoples; as a nationwhich threatens no other and is a cause of apprehension to no other shecan be trusted in the movement to prohibit future wars of conquest or toestablish a world-wide Monroe doctrine; and whatever may have beenher fault when led by Napoleon against the true principles and policiesof the people no one can now believe that she desires to conquer any partof Europe, even the French parts of Switzerland and Belgium, and,therefore, she can be trusted to support the principle of the balance ofpower in Europe. Moreover, and because of her military power andplace on the map of Europe, she must ever be the center of the Europeanorganization which is destined to prevent the disturbance of the balanceof power by the Central Empires.THE FRANCO-AMERICAN ALLIANCE 181France may well be able to restore herself as she has so often done,but the world owes it to France to speed that restoration by every possiblemeans. She should be reimbursed for her losses and furnished withmeans for further rapid advancement. Her territory should be restoredand if possible extended, so far as may be consistent with justice and thewill of other peoples, to help make her secure against the Central Powersand free her from the paralyzing influence of the poison gas of Germanthreat to which she has been subjected for the last fifty years.America ought to aid in this work by freely giving to France allthose great properties which have been created in France for the purposesof this war. This will help develop the industries of France. We oughtalso to make her an open gift of some vast sum of money, perhaps in* tardy recognition of the inestimable financial benefits which she long agobestowed on us. We ought to encourage emigration toward France,so far as the French may desire it, for by the infusion of American bloodwe can supply her wasted man-power, fortify her in those principles whichwe share with her, and facilitate the transmission to America of thosethings better than material possessions which she has.In this presence, it is perhaps permissible to suggest that the problemsof the world cannot be settled in terms of industry and commerce alone.You, I am sure, will deny that industrialism is a god, efficiency a religion,and economic questions the all of international relations. Bring theworld to substitute in part the pursuit of things higher and better,things spiritual, for the pursuit of mere material prosperity and businesssuccess and we shall have advanced the cause of universal peace by uplifting civilization.France has been of all modern nations the most active in pursuit ofsuch a policy. She has been one of the most solid bridges betweenwhat was best in the old Roman Empire and the modern world. Shehas been one of the most conspicuous channels through which theRenaissance flowed from Italy to the other nations of Europe. Shehas been one of the first to find the best in great movements and oneof the quickest to respond to the best stimuli. May she not becomeone of the most significant and successful interpreters to mankind of thiswar and its meaning?I have not discussed Great Britain because hers is a different category, but our relations with her show what is meant by a moral alliance.If not enthusiastic for diplomatic alliances standing alone, it is becauseI have so much more faith in moral alliances such as we have withGreat Britain and once had with France. Bring France, England, and182 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDthe United States into a firm moral alliance, including the acceptanceof those four principles which have been discussed, and we shall secure atonce the peace of the world and a forward swing of civilization equalto any the world has ever seen.I am for a diplomatic but above all a moral alliance with Francebecause she is not in the slightest degree decadent and has wonderfulpowers of self -restoration; because she is the greatest creative militarypower in Europe, or will be when the Central Powers have been shrunkto their true proportions; because she is perfectly safe for democracy,for the self-determination of nations, for a world Monroe doctrine, andfor the balance of power in Europe; because she is a supreme leader inall that makes for the highest intellectual and artistic development andis the only great power on the continent of Europe of whom these thingscan be said; and because she was our friend when we knocked in vainat every other great door in Europe.THE VICE-PRESIDENT'S QUARTERLYSTATEMENTAlthough we are incessantly put under fresh obligations to the distinguished group of men who serve as Trustees of the University, it hasbeen only on the rarest occasions that we have succeeded in enticing amember of that body onto this platform to speak to us. We trust thatthe precedent established this afternoon may be frequently followed inthe future. I am sure that I voice the sincere sentiment of every personin this assembly when I express to Senator Parker our gratitude for hisaddress, which has taught us to appreciate more vividly and more intelligently than ever before the glorious nation whose beautiful flag shareswith our own the place of honor in this hall.It will be a source of gratification to you all to know that we haveword from President Judson reporting his safe arrival at Port Said, andthat he is enjoying good health. He reports the prospects of the expedition as highly promising.I greatly regret to have to announce the sudden death yesterday ofProfessor Samuel W. Williston. A memorial service will be held duringthe Autumn Quarter, at which time we may record our appreciation of hissimple and beautiful character and of his eminent services to science andto education.I regret that it is impossible at this time to make a full and authoritative statement of the plans of the War Department for the utilization ofthe resources of the colleges and the universities as training schoolsfor the army. Unfortunately the plans have not quite reached thatpoint at which publicity may properly be given to them. Suffice it tosay that with the opening of the Autumn Quarter the University willenter upon a new chapter in its history, and that its principal businessfor the duration of the war will be the training of young men for suchservice in the United States Army as can be rendered only by highlyeducated soldiers. All else will be made subservient to this majorobligation.*183THE BOARD OF TRUSTEESBy J. SPENCER DICKERSON, SecretaryTHE LA VERNE NOYES FOUNDATIONAt the meeting of the Board of Trustees held July 5, 191 8, Mr.La Verne Noyes, donor of Ida Noyes Hall, presented to the Universityproperty consisting of real estate and leasehold interests valued at$2 , 500,000. This munificent gift endows the La Verne Noyes Foundationupon the following conditions:The net income received by the University from the La Verne Noyes Foundationshall be used under the direction of the Board of Trustees for the following purposesand for no other, viz. :To pay tuition at not to exceed the ordinary rate in the University of Chicago,whether in its colleges or in its graduate or professional schools, for deserving students »without regard to differences in sex, race, religion, or political party, who shall becitizens of the United States and who eitherFirst: Shall themselves have served in the Army or Navy of the United Statesin the war for liberty into which our Republic entered on the sixth day of April, 191 7,provided that such service was terminated by an honorable discharge; orSecond : Shall be descendants by blood of anyone in service in the Army or Navyof the United States, who served in said war; orThird : Shall be descendants by blood of anyone who served in the Army or Navyof the United States in said war, provided that such service was terminated by anhonorable death or an honorable discharge.It is declared to be the purpose of the donor in establishing this Foundation at thesame time to express his gratitude to those who ventured the supreme sacrifice of lifefor their country and for the freedom of mankind in this war, and also by giving themhonor, to aid in keeping alive through the generations to come the spirit of unselfish,patriotic devotion without which no free government can long endure or will deserveto endure.And the grantor hereby grants to the said University of Chicago, and to theTrustees thereof, the right and power, in aid of said purposes, to use 20 per cent of thewhole of the net income of the above conveyed property for the purpose of payingsalaries of members of the University Staff who are engaged in teaching AmericanHistory or the public duties of citizenship, including courses offered by the Departments of Political Economy, Political Science, and Sociology.The amount and character of evidence of qualification of applicants and selectionfrom the applicants is left to the discretion and decision of the Board of Trustees of theUniversity. Whenever the number of qualified applicants shall from lapse of time orother cause become insufficient to exhaust the income, it may be used so far as practicable in the judgment of the Board of Trustees of the University for the purpose aboveset forth, and the remainder thereof for the tuition of other students as the Board ofTrustees may determine.184THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 185The gift was gratefully accepted by the Trustees, and the followingacknowledgment, suitably engrossed, was sent to Mr. Noyes:To La Verne W. NoyesChicagoThe Board of Trustees of the University of Chicago, on July 5, 191 8, accepted thegift of certain property conveyed by you to the University for purposes set forth in theconveyance.The liberality of this contribution to education is discovered in its great pecuniaryvalue. The loyal ends you seek to serve are discernible in the purposes you have sowell stated in a document which cannot but become inspirational our country over.This second gift to the University expresses your regard for an educational institutionwhich strives to implant in young lives the high impulses of learning and patriotism.The Board of Trustees, recognizing your noble liberality, your intense love ofcountry, your twice-manifested confidence in the University, in this formal but mostsincere manner extend to you the expression of their deep gratitude.On behalf of the Board of Trustees,Martin A. Ryerson, PresidentJ. Spencer Dickerson, SecretaryChicagoJuly 5, 1918To this communication Mr. Noyes replied as follows:1450 Lake Shore DriveMr. I. Spencer Dickerson, SecretaryThe University of ChicagoMy dear Mr. Dickerson:I am very glad to receive the beautiful, engrossed vote of thanks and your appreciative letter. Both will be carefully preserved and treasured.La Verne NoyesAugust 13, 1918STUDENT ARMY TRAINING CORPSAt the meeting of the Board of Trustees held August 13, 1918, apreliminary communication from the Vice-President of the Universityannounced the establishment by the War Department of a unit of theStudent Army Training Corps at the University of Chicago.At the meeting held September 10, 1918, a report was submitted bythe Vice-President, portions of which follow:1. The purpose of the War Department in establishing the new corps is to use theresources of the colleges, both in equipment and personnel, to help in training foreffective army service, especially as officers, the largest practicable number of the best-qualified men in the shortest possible time.2. To this end it offers to every physically fit boy, eighteen years of age or over,who is a registrant under the Selective Service Act and who is a graduate of a standardfour-year high-school course, opportunity to attend a college of his choice, to enlistin the Student Army Training Corps, and to receive military and academic instruction.i86 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDAfter induction into the corps the student becomes a private in the Army of theUnited States, subject to the Articles of War, receiving the pay of a private and allmilitary equipment. He is fed, housed, and given medical care by the government.Students under eighteen years of age, and probably students over eighteen and underforty-five who are in deferred classes under the Selective Service regulations, may beenrolled, but not enlisted, in the corps and receive the privileges of military training.Such men will meet their own expenses.3. Enlisted men of the corps will remain in college until their draft numbers arecalled, whereupon, as the needs of the army require and the authorities of the WarDepartment direct, they will be transferred:a) to a central officers' training camp; orb) to a noncommissioned officers' school; orc) to a cantonment for duty with troops as privates; ord) be assigned to the school where they are enlisted for further intensive work inspecified lines for a limited time; ore) be assigned to the vocational-training section of the corps for techniciantraining.Each man's personal attainments and the momentary needs of the army willdetermine the disposition made of him.A certain percentage of the abler men enrolled in the work of the Technical StaffCorps, e.g., medicine, engineering, and chemistry, may expect to complete the usualcourse for professional training, although it is intended to employ substantially lesstime than usual to finish the course. Men who are intending to enter the service of theline, if they give promise of making satisfactory officers, and if they are not overeighteen years of age, may probably expect to remain in college one or two years atthe outside. Older men and those giving less promise will presumably remain ashorter time. Here again the momentary needs of the army will determine the policy.4. The government contracts with each institution to feed, house, and instructthe men. The student himself has no financial relations with the college. Thegovernment does not wish to exploit the colleges to its own advantage. On the otherhand it does not mean to administer the plan in a way to encourage profiteering.5. We are hoping to be able to care for a corps of 1,500 men. Available housingfacilities will hardly permit us to exceed this number for the Autumn Quarter The men can be fed in the Hutchinson Commons and in Lexington Hall. The oldgymnasium in this latter building is to be used as a mess hall, together with the formerdining-room in the north half of the building. The rearrangements will permit us tocare for the 250 technicians to be trained in the high-school shops and also for the newS.A.T.C. at the maximum proposed strength of 1,500.6. The men will have eleven to fourteen hours of military drill and instructionper week and forty-two hours of academic work, of which at least fourteen hours willbe recitation or lectures, and the rest supervised study or laboratory work. This issomewhat over nine hours a day.7. It will be realized at once that this program means that save in the technicalbranches the Graduate Schools, including Law, and the two upper years of the undergraduate Colleges, with probably much of the second year, are substantially gone sofar as concerns able-bodied boys. Girls and physically defective men, or men in thedeferred classes of the draft, will make up the constituency in the classes of theseportions of the University.THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 187The problems which this situation presents are extremely complex and difficult.It involves the most radical rearrangement of our instructional program, our methods,and distribution of our teaching force. Some departments which formerly weregenerously patronized will now be all but destitute of students. The members of thefaculty have already evinced a very fine spirit in their voluntary offers to readjusttheir own teaching time and energies in any way which may be required by the exigencies of the case. It has been a great surprise to find how much unsuspected talentwe have to draw upon, and it seems entirely probable that we shall be able to supplya great deal of the elementary instruction required in the subjects listed in a previousparagraph by the assistance of members of the faculty whose connection is primarilywith quite different departments. During the autumn months the strain on all of usis going to be very severe, but it is clear that the army really needs our aid, and weshall throw ourselves into the work heart and soul. We know that we can count atevery point upon your unlimited encouragement and support.The Trustees promptly voted to approve the general plan for theestablishment of the unit and to provide funds for the alterations ofthe Grand Stand and Lexington Hall, for the adaptation of buildingsfor hospital purposes, and for the leasing of fraternity houses andUniversity dormitories as barracks.The three buildings at 5822, 5826, and 5828 Ingleside Avenue havebeen vacated to be used as hospitals for the Student Army TrainingCorps.Hitchcock and Snell halls and North, Middle, and South Divinityhalls have been turned over to the Student Army Training Corps asbarracks.The houses of the following fraternities have been leased by theUniversity to accommodate the members of the corps: Chi Psi, 5735University Avenue; Phi Kappa Sigma, 5733 University Avenue; PsiUpsilon, 5639 University Avenue; Phi Kappa Psi, 5635 UniversityAvenue; Delta Tau Delta, 5607 University Avenue; Delta KappaEpsilon, 5754 Woodlawn Avenue.For the use of the army mechanician group the following buildingshave been leased: Former Hyde Park Telephone Exchange, 5723Dorchester Avenue; Delta Upsilon Fraternity House,|5747 BlackstoneAvenue; 5727 Dorchester Avenue; 5729 Dorchester Avenue; 5731Blackstone Avenue; 5817 Kenwood Avenue.THE UNIVERSITY CHAPELBertram G. Goodhue, of New York City, has been appointedarchitect of the University Chapel, the site of which is the block boundedby University and Woodlawn avenues and Fifty-eighth and Fifty-ninthstreets. Mr. Goodhue is the well-known architect whose work isi88 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDobservable in some of the most notable buildings of recent constructionin the United States, especially buildings of an ecclesiastical character.At a recent Board meeting the Business Manager reported that aquitclaim deed to the alleys in the block set aside for the UniversityChapel has been signed by Admiral David Beatty and Mrs. Beatty,which deed completes the number of deeds necessary to the use of theentire block for University purposes.DEATH OF JUDGE J. OTIS HUMPHREYJ. Otis Humphrey, judge of the United States District Court forSouthern Illinois, a Trustee of the University since February 14, 1914,died in Springfield, Illinois, June 14, 1918. In a memorial of JudgeHumphrey, prepared by Judge Jesse A. Baldwin, adopted by the Boardof Trustees, September 10, 191 8, it is said of him:In February, 1914, Judge Humphrey became a member of this Board. Although his continued residence in Springfield prevented his frequent attendance atmeetings of the Board, nevertheless he kept closely in touch with its work, in whichhe was greatly interested. Judge Humphrey possessed a very alert and discriminatingmind. His wide experience in his profession and upon the bench, together with his intellectual activity, his indefatigable energy, and his high ideals, made him an exceedingly valuable man to the community and a useful Trustee. All who came incontact with him were impressed with his unswerving loyalty to principle, hismoral courage, his gentlemanly manners, and his fine personality.DEATH OF PROFESSOR GALUSHA ANDERSONProfessor Galusha Anderson died in Wenham, Massachusetts,July 20, 1918. He was professor of homiletics in the University from1892 until 1904, when he was retired. In a memorial of Professor Anderson prepared by the Secretary by request of the Board appears thefollowing:It was as an educator that Dr. Anderson will be longest remembered. He wasprofessor of homiletics in Newton (Mass.) Theological Institution for seven years.In 1878 he was elected president of the old University of Chicago and there remaineduntil 1885. The period of his presidency was one environed by difficulties. Theinstitution was hopelessly involved in debts, debts which at length caused its collapse.Chicago had not recovered from the financial losses and social upheavals of two greatfires, nor from the commercial disaster of the panic of the seventies. The counselsof the University's friends were divided. The student body was gradually disintegrating. Dr. Anderson's heroic struggle on behalf of the University provedunavailing, but it is not too much to say that his efforts to keep it alive had reward inthe firmly established conviction that in the imperial city of Chicago there ought tobe a great university. Subsequent to the passing of the old University he becameTHE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 189president of Denison University at Granville, Ohio, and later professor of homileticsin the Baptist Union Theological Seminary at Morgan Park, which in due time becamethe Divinity School of the University of Chicago, in which he occupied the same chair.STANDING COMMITTEESThe President of the Board, Mr. Ryerson, has appointed the following standing committees for the current year:Committee on Finance and Investment: A. C. Bartlett, chairman;Howard G. Grey, vice-chairman; C. L. Hutchinson; Jesse A. Baldwin;Julius Rosenwald.Committee on Buildings and Grounds: C. L. Hutchinson, chairman;Jesse A. Baldwin, vice-chairman; Harold F. McCormick; Howard G.Grey; T. E. Donnelley.Committee on Instruction and Equipment: F. A. Smith, chairman;Charles R. Holden, vice-chairman; H. H. Swift; A. C. Bartlett; F. W.Parker.Committee on Press and Extension: T. E. Donnelley, chairman;F. W. Parker, vice-chairman; Willard A. Smith; E. B. Felsenthal;R. L. Scott.Committee on Audit and Securities: Robert L. Scott, chairman;E. B. Felsenthal, vice-chairman; W. A. Smith; F. A. Smith; C. R.Holden.APPOINTMENTSIn addition to reappointments the following appointments havebeen made:Frank L. DeBeukelaer, professor of chemistry at Washburn College,Topeka, Kansas, to an instructorship in the department of chemistry,from October 1, 1918.Grace Bradshaw, teacher in the Elementary School, from October 1,1918.Marjorie Hardy, teacher in the Elementary School, from October 1,1918.* Howard M. Sheaff to an associateship in the department of physiological chemistry, from October 1, 1918.Anna Isham Robinson, M.D., medical adviser for women, fromOctober 1, 191 8.Albert E. Hennings to an assistant professorship in the departmentof physics, from July 1, 191 8.Antoinette Palmer, teacher in the Elementary School, from October1, 1918.190 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDClarice Evans, teacher in the Elementary School, from October 1,1918.Lawrence H. Willson to an instructorship in physics, from October 1,1918.Mary M. Rising to an associateship in chemistry, from October 1,1918.Frank M. Webster to an instructorship in the department ofEnglish, from October 1, 19 18.Fabian M. Kannenstine to an instructorship in the department ofphysics, from October 1, 1918.Charles F. Hagenow to an instructorship in the department ofphysics, from October 1, 19 18.Harold H. Sheldon to a research associateship in physics, fromOctober 1, 1918.PROMOTIONSInstructor Shiro Tashiro, of the department of physiological chemistry, to an assistant professorship, from October 1, 191 8.LEAVES OF ABSENCEThe Board of Trustees has renewed most of the leaves of absencegranted to members of the faculties, the great proportion of which werefor service more or less intimately connected with the war. Additionalleaves have been granted to :Professor Charles H. Beeson, from July 1, 1918. He is serving inthe Intelligence Branch of the War Department at Washington.Assistant Professor Thomas A. Knott, from July 1,1918. He isserving in the Intelligence Branch of the War Department at Washington.Professor A. A. Michelson, of the department of physics, fromJuly 1, 1 918. He has been appointed lieutenant commander in theUnited States Navy and has been assigned to service in connection withthe production of a range finder which he has devised and which theDepartment of the Navy has adopted.Associate Professor Elizabeth Wallace, for the Autumn Quarter,1918, and the Winter Quarter, 1919, for continuation of the work oflast year in France.Assistant Professor Elbert Clark, of the department of anatomy,from October 1, 1918. He is now a captain in the United States Army.Assistant Professor Gerald L. Wendt, of the department of chemistry,from July 1, 1918. He is captain in the United States chemical warfareservice at Washington.THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 191Assistant Professor Rudolph Altrocchi, of the department ofRomance, from October 1,1918. He is in the service of the UnitedStates, stationed in Italy.Associate Professor Conyers Read, of the department of history,from January 1, 1919. He has entered administrative work for theRed Cross in England.Earl N. Manchester, head of the readers' department of the University Libraries, from October 1, 191 8. He is assisting the AmericanLibrary Association in its work in army camps.Professor Ernest H. Wilkins, of the department of Romance, fromOctober 1, 19 18. He assumes an important position in the directionof the educational work of the Y.M.C.A. on behalf of soldiers.RESIGNATIONSThe Board of Trustees has accepted the resignations of the followingmembers of the faculties :Professor Albert P. Mathews, of the department of physiologicalchemistry, to enter the service of the United States Army, effectiveJuly 1, 1918.Associate Professor Herman C. Stevens, of the College of Education,effective October 1, 191 8.Assistant Professor Gertrude Van Hoesen, to accept a position inthe Department of Agriculture at Washington, effective July 1, 1918.Assistant Professor Harvey B. Lemon, to accept a captaincy in theUnited States Army for service as expert at the Army Proving Grounds,Aberdeen, Maryland, effective October 1, 1918.Instructor George S. Lasher, of the department of English, University High School, effective October 1, 19 18. He has accepted a commission in France with the Y.M.C.A.STATUTES OF THE UNIVERSITYThe Board of Trustees has amended the Statutes of the University.Statute 2 now reads as follows:2. The Schools and Colleges include:a) The Divinity School, the Graduate School of Arts and Literature, the OgdenGraduate School of Science, the School of Education, the Law School, the School ofCommerce and Administration, already organized; the School of Medicine, partlyorganized.b) The College of Arts, the College of Literature,. the College of Philosophy, theCollege of Science, the College of Education, and University College. Each of thesecolleges (with respect to its work) is divided into a Junior College and a Senior College.192 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDThe former includes the first year of the curriculum, ordinarily known as the work ofthe Freshman class, and the latter the three remaining years, ordinarily known as thework of the Sophomore, Junior, and Senior classes.Statute 24 now reads:24. Certificates. — The two years' certificate fo the College of Education is conferredupon students who complete that amount of work according to the regulations of theFaculty of the College of Education.The following new statute has been adopted :THE FACULTY OF THE SCHOOL OF COMMERCE AND ADMINISTRATIONSection i. Constitution. — The Faculty shall consist of:a) The President.b) The Dean of the School.c) Officers of instruction in the School of Commerce and Administration asdefined under Art. II, sec. 1, a).Sec 2. Jurisdiction and Powers. — The Faculty shall have control of -the workin the School of Commerce and Administration and of recommending candidates forthe Bachelor's degree with the jurisdiction and powers defined in Art. II, sees. 2 and 3.At the meeting of the Board held August 13, 191 8, it was voted thatthe effect of the amendment of the Statutes of the University adoptedJuly 5, 1918, be suspended so far as to permit the granting of the titleof Associate to such students as have already matriculated, have met allrequirements, and shall make formal application for it.MISCELLANEOUSMrs. Charles Hitchcock has given to the University for HitchcockHall a number of pictures and ornaments which were bequeathed to herfor this purpose by the late Mrs. Charles P. Lawrence, of Chicago.At the meeting held July 9, 19 18, the Board of Trustees appointedDean James R. Angell vice-president of the University during theabsence of President Judson in Persia.Courses for the training of nurses in connection with the Children'sMemorial Hospital, now affiliated with Rush Medical College, have beenestablished by authority of the Board of Trustees. The courses areopen for registration as a group of three majors for college women, asfar as the capacity of the class permits.As a result of voluntary work performed during the Summer Quarterby members of the department of mathematics, instruction was givento 550 men of the Ensign School at the Municipal Pier, Chicago. Thedepartment has now made the work permanent during the need for iton the part of the navy.THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES , 193Professor Samual W. Williston, of the department of paleontologyand director of Walker Museum, died August 30, 191 8. ProfessorWilliston came to the University from the University of Kansas in 1902.Previous to his service in the latter institution he had been a member ofthe faculty of Yale University and assistant paleontologist of the UnitedStates Geological Survey. He was one of the leading teachers in hisparticular field. His skill and learning were internationally recognizedby scientists. Some of the fossil remains discovered by him and mountedunder his supervision are unique. To his rare scholarship, alwaysmodestly exemplified, he added a delightful personality.The Board of Trustees has given permission to the Red Cross Training Corps to use the land at Sixtieth Street and Cottage Grove Avenue.Mr. and Mrs. J. L. Rosenberger have given to the University a$1,000 Liberty Loan bond to add to the endowment of the RosenbergerMedal. This endowment provides for an honor medal or a cash prizeto be awarded "in recognition of achievement through research, inauthorship, in invention, for discovery, for unusual public service, orfor anything deemed of great benefit to humanity."LA VERNE NOYESBy THOMAS W. GOODSPEEDLa Verne Noyes is one of the fortunate men who can look back to anancestry belonging to that royal line that laid the foundations of bothreligion and education in the United States. The first of the family toreach the New World was James Noyes, who migrated from Choulderton,Wiltshire, England, in 1634, and became pastor of the CongregationalChurch in Newbury, Massachusetts. His son James also became aclergyman and had the distinction of serving the church in Stonington,Connecticut, for fifty-five years, ^from 1664 till his death in 17 19, at theage of eighty. But he had the still greater distinction of being one ofthat illustrious body of ten Congregational ministers who, in 1701,founded the institution which has developed into Yale University. Hisname stood first among the ten appointed by the legislature as trustees.He was the senior member of the board and as often as he attended thesessions was made chairman of the meeting. This was the regularprocedure for eighteen years, until his death in 17 19. His brother Moseswas also a member of the Board of Trustees for many years after hisappointment in 1703. James Noyes was one of the ministers whocontributed what he designates, in a letter of December, 1701, as his"full proportion of books" for the library of the new institution.Is it a reversion to type that, in the seventh generation, has led hisdescendant, La Verne Noyes, to make to the University of Chicago oneof the great contributions in the history of education ?When Mr. Noyes was born, January 7, 1849, his parents, Leonard R.and Jane Jessup, were living in Genoa, Cayuga County, New York.He was named and is now called La Verne, not La Verne W.In the middle of the last century the Central West was the landof a sort of romantic attraction for adventurous spirits of the olderstates. The possibilities and promise of this new world led them toabandon established callings and often good business prospects for theuncertain but alluring promise of the Mississippi Valley. LeonardNoyes was one of the men who, having heard the call of the West, madea tour of inspection, and the prairies of Iowa so enchanted him that onthem he sought his future home. In the fall of 1854, therefore, with hiswife and four children he made the journey in a covered wagon from194Portrait by Louis SettsIDA E. S. NOYESLA VERNE NOYES 195Genoa, New York, to Springville,Linn County, Iowa. He was a pioneer,but belonged to the most progressive type of pioneers. The followingstatement by his son, La Verne, reveals the pioneering difficulties andgives in brief the story of a highly intelligent farmer. The coveredwagon in which the family arrived at Springville, Iowa, on October 20,1854, in the boy's fifth year,served for their shelter for some weeks, for the reason that they could find no home tolive in. Leonard succeeded in buying an empty log schoolhouse in Springville, oneof the four houses which the town contained at that time, and sold it the next day, withthe privilege of living in it until his house should be completed. With his home thusestablished he began building an 18 X 24, story and a half, log house on his farm. Thiswas completed so that the family moved into it on the nth day of January, 1855, hehaving got out all the logs with little or no help, loading them onto the wagon, threeat a time, assisted only by the horses. The house was the best of its kind and generousin appearance. It sheltered the family well for nearly twenty-two years, when it gaveplace to the present residence. Mr. Noyes lived on his farm nearly thirty-seven years,during which time the face of the country changed from a wild, houseless, treelessprairie to one of the richest and best farming sections in this or any other state, andbecame covered with artificial groves not equaled anywhere in number, beauty, orsize. In this great work of tree planting he was the first and most active, and hisinfluence contributed very largely to what has been done by others.The family consisted of four children: a sister, the eldest, who diedjust before reaching womanhood, another sister, still living, a brother,who enlisted in the Civil War and fell in the charge at Champion Hillin the Vicksburg campaign, and La Verne, five years younger than hisbrother.The family home was not far from a creek which furnished thebrothers much of the fun of their early years. In it was a fine swimminghole where they learned to swim, and it was full of fish. La Verne wasnot expected to fish on Sunday, but he sometimes forgot the parentalinjunctions. He recalls a memorable Sunday on which, having hadgreat luck, he returned home hoping to get his fine string into the houseby the back door, unobserved. As he approached the door, congratulating himself that the way was clear, his father suddenly stepped out andconfronted him. Surveying the boy and the fine string of fish, hesternly asked how it happened that he had been fishing on Sunday.The boy tremblingly answered that he had been walking along the creekand happened to see a big school of fish and thought he would catch some." Where did you get your pole ? " "I cut a willow I happened to find.""What did you do for a fish line?" "I happened to have one in mypocket." "Where did you get your bait?" "I happened to have mybait box and worms in my pocket too." The father looked at the boyig6 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDvery sternly for what seemed to the culprit half an hour, but was probablya few seconds, and then said, "Well, my son, don't let all these thingshappen on the same Sunday again" and turned away. The fish,however, were not wasted.The Iowa farms of that early day were few and far between. Thewild grass in the open grew nearly as tall as a man, and Mr. Noyesremembers the terrifying fires which swept across the open prairiesaround the farm. The district schoolhouse stood at the corner of thefarm, and there he and his brother went to school together. One of thememories of his early boyhood is that of being overtaken, with hisbrother, distant from any shelter, by a terrific and destructive hailstorm. The brother, five years older, covered La Verne securely withhis own body, himself suffering many bruises and having his clothes torninto shreds. The farm lay midway between the Wapsipinicon andCedar rivers, each six miles distant. These rivers were the places wherethe farmers and their families held their annual pidnics. But it may bedoubted whether Mr. Noyes had, in his boyhood, all the opportunitiesfor play and fun every boy ought to enjoy. He was a farmer's son, in anew country, developing a piece of wild prairie land into a highly cultivated farm, and time was lacking for play, as well as opportunities, in sosparsely settled a country. The life was hard. More than forty yearslater, in an address at the opening of the Illinois Farmers' Hall of Fame,in referring to his boyhood and the gradual introduction of farm machinery, he made the following autobiographical statement:My recollections go back to hand planting, hand sowing, cultivating with a singleshovel plow; to the appearance of the harvester, the mower, the drill, the horse rake,the horse fork and other machinery for handling hay; to the planter and all the implements that now make life on the farm endurable. I have swung the scythe and thecradle, handled hay in the most laborious way, followed the old reaper and kept upmy station, cut fields of corn by hand and done every job on an Iowa farm in theprimitive way, and in nearly all of the modern ways. The farm was a good one andthe house was supplied with the best farm as well as other literature of the day, including the New York Tribune, the Atlantic Monthly, and the Country Gentleman. To mymind the greatest effect of farm machinery is not in the saving of labor and increasingof profits and enhancing of values, but in the effect on the mind of the boy on the farm.To get up at four or five o'clock in the morning — winter as well as summer — get outand do the chores and be ready for a six o'clock breakfast is heroic treatment for a smallboy. The effect it had on me was to inspire me with an ambition to get away from thefarm which nothing on earth could have stemmed, and which nothing under heavencould have inspired so strongly as did my experience there. It was the ruling passionin life and the only goal which I had in view.The sixties were pioneer days on an Iowa farm, and the boy experiencedsome primitive conditions.LA VERNE NOYES 197He had, however, peculiar advantages. In addition to an intelligentand progressive father he had a mother of whom he says :To the good judgment, serene life and perfect helpfulness of his wife my fatherowed much of the success of his long life She dealt gently with all, and wasnever heard to speak an unkind word of anyone, while her influence over her childrenwas such that they would not quarrel in her presence. One might call her an apostleof peace; yet to her country she bravely gave up her eldest son. She was extremelyfond of good reading, took a deep interest in the world's progress, in history and theaffairs of the day, and always had the happy faculty of making and keeping friends.The boy was further fortunate in having a sister, seven years olderthan himself, who was ambitious for mental improvement and who,securing an education and becoming a very successful teacher, becamean inspiration to her brother and awoke and encouraged in him thepurpose to secure a college training. This sister, Mrs. Frances A.Giff en, still lives to rejoice in her brother's successful and useful life.The difficulties in her brother's way were great, but he managed toget one winter in Cornell College, Mount Vernon, Iowa, and one winterin Parsons Seminary, now Coe College, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, giving therest of the year to work on the farm. Finally in* March, 1868, whennineteen years old, he was able to enter Ames Agricultural College, nowIowa State College, at Ames, Iowa, for a continuous four years' courseof study. The institution was then in its first year and Mr. Noyesgraduated with the first class.It was the rule at that time that each student at Ames must givethe institution three hours a day of service. The president, Dr. A. S.Welch, was a man of taste, and having made a plan for beautifyingthe grounds employed a number of the students in carrying it out.On young Noyes' arrival he was assigned to this work. It was nowthat the training he had received under that most expert transplanterof trees, his father, brought him to the front. The student group hadbeen placed under a hired foreman. He set Noyes to transplantingtrees, having first carefully instructed him how to do it. PresidentWelch having come out to see how well the boys were doing their work,the foreman confided to him that young Noyes knew a great deal moreabout setting out trees than he did. The young man was thereuponhimself made foreman and continued in charge of the improvement ofthe grounds throughout his college course. The president "buildedbetter than he knew." It was the interest that these four years of workin improving the grounds awakened in his mind that led Mr. Noyes,many years later, to take Mr. O. C. Simonds, the landscape architect ofiq8 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDChicago, to Ames to study the college campus with a view to its harmonious and artistic development. Under Mr. Simonds' supervisionMr. Noyes has since expended many thousands of dollars in beautifying the college grounds. The work has involved the production ofa beautiful lake, which is appropriately known as Lake La Verne. Thecollege farm contains about thirteen hundred acres and the campus ahundred and twenty-five acres. So intelligently have the laws of landscape gardening been followed and so well have the buildings beengrouped that the campus is now a large and beautiful park.A few years ago Mr. Noyes made an address before the students ofLewis Institute, of which he is a trustee. The makers of the programassigned him the topic, "The Impudence of Young Persons." For thisaddress we are indebted to the following incident of his college life:I profited once by a piece of impudence I perpetrated, because it turned out well.When I entered the Iowa State College the first year it opened and went into the bigdormitory building that held several hundred students, we were placed under strictrules. We had been there but a few days when the mail was delivered late. One ofthe rules was that the lights should be out at ten o'clock. But the mail had beendelivered just before ten o'clock and many of us kept the lights burning to read ourletters. The president of the institution, a very dignified man who had been a memberof the United States Senate and college president for years elsewhere, read off a listof thirty or more room numbers, the occupants of which were requested to call at hisoffice immediately after chapel. Being in the front row I filed in close to the augustgentleman, but without having the proper sense of his great dignity. The room wasfilled and those who could not get in looked in from the doorways. The presidentdrew himself up in austere dignity and said in a very serious tone, "I wonder what thisinstitution is coming to." I, a boy recently from a farm, responded that it seemed tobe coming to his office. This struck him as funny, attracted his attention to me andI was indebted to him for much consideration in later years.During his college course Mr. Noyes was drawn by the bent of hismind to specialize in the study of physics. For a year before his graduation he acted as assistant to the professor in that department. Theyhad almost no apparatus, and the necessities of the situation compelledthe professor and his young assistant to devise and construct much thatwas used in the classroom and in their own research work. Once morethe young student found his home training helpful. As a part of theequipment of the farm his father had provided a shop in which the sonlearned carpentry, the repairing of machinery and tools, and, whennecessity required, their construction. The father's shop awoke, andthe assistantship in physics stimulated, the young man's genius forinvention. This creative instinct had resulted before his graduation inmore than one invention.LA VERNE NOYES 199This urge toward invention was given a new impulse by the businessopportunity that opened before the young man soon after his graduationin 1872. It was at this time that the Grange movement swept overIowa, and a dealer in farm implements in Marion, a nearby village, whodoubted his own ability to deal with this new development among hiscustomers, prevailed on the young graduate to assume, on quite advantageous terms in case of success, entire charge of the business for theensuing year.Mr/Noyes was by nature an inventor. But he belongs to that verysmall class of men who combine great inventive and equally great business genius. It was not only true that he could not be robbed of hisinventions, as so many inventors are, but equally true that he couldput them on the market and manage with wisdom and success anybusiness, however extended and profitable, their value to the worlddeserved and created. He was gifted with a sort of intuitive comprehension of machinery. He could go over a great manufacturing plantand leave it with an almost unequaled recollection and understandingof the many and complicated machines he had inspected. And he hadthe same unique gift for organizing and conducting business.It was this unusual combination of gifts that led him, while yet avery young man, almost without capital, to start out in business forhimself, manufacturing and selling his own inventions. He was twenty-five years old when, in 1874, he established a business in improved hayingtools at Batavia, Illinois. Among the things he then invented, manufactured, and sold were hayforks, haystacking frames and carriers, andgate hangers. The business was not a large one but was carried on withsuccess for about five years and finally disposed of only because largeropportunities opened before him.Meantime these years had brought him something more interestingand important than his business. Two years after he entered college ayoung woman wrote to the president asking for admission to the institution. She wrote a charming letter in clear and beautiful penmanship.The president at once wrote her to come, and as her form of service,service being required from all, made her his private secretary. In thisresponsible post she continued till her graduation. She was a verybright student, learning with extraordinary facility and attaining aprominent place in the activities of the students. This young lady wasMiss Ida E. Smith, of Charles City, Iowa. Her father was a physician, aleading citizen of his town, much interested throughout his life in mattersof reform. Miss Smith was four years younger than Mr. Noyes, havingbeen born April 16, 1853.200 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDShe was not quite four years old when her family moved fromDelaware County, New York, to the new home at Charles City, Iowa.At that time the railroads had not reached that section of Iowa, and itwas, in fact, the real frontier. There were still Indians in the neighborhood and bears and wolves were also found. The family of necessityendured many hardships and missed the conveniences to which they hadbeen accustomed in their old home. Her brother, two years older, washer constant playmate, and together they enjoyed the great freedom andunusual experiences of the new life. No doubt the active outdoor lifewas responsible in large part for the rather striking red cheeks for whichshe was notable throughout her girlhood. In those early days doctorswere few and far between, so that her father's practice took him to considerable distances in all directions. Nothing pleased his young daughtermore than to be allowed to accompany her father on these long tripsinto the country.She was exceptionally bright and at eleven years of age was in classeswith girls of fourteen and fifteen. At first the public schools did notdiffer greatly from ordinary country schools, but her father was active inestablishing graded schools and while president of the school boardsucceeded in building a large stone schoolhouse that, for the time, wasconsidered wonderful. The daughter progressed rapidly and at seventeen had completed the course of study. She then went to the newlyorganized State College at Ames, from which she was graduated in 1874.After completing her college work she returned to Charles City and fortwo years taught in the high school, where she was both popular andsuccessful.During the two years in which they were in college together the youngpeople were mutually attracted, as well they might have been, for theywere evidently made for each other. The attraction resulted in anengagement, and as soon as Mr. Noyes began to see his way in businessthey were married. The wedding took place in Charles City, May 24,1877, Mr. Noyes being then twenty-eight years old. It was an exceptionally happy marriage through all the more than thirty-five yearsthat followed.The newly married couple were students and readers and always hadat hand for ready reference Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. Mrs.Noyes was rather small and slightly built and found the big dictionaryheavy and hard to handle. She suggested one day that Mr. Noyesshould devise and construct something to hold it for her so that it wouldbe always at hand and she would only have to turn the leaves. HeLA VERNE NOYES 201responded that if she would take over his correspondence and otherwriting he would devote two or three weeks to the job she had suggestedand see what he could do. She readily undertook work which was easyand natural for her and he set his wits to work on the device she wanted.The result of his efforts was the invention, of the wire dictionary-holder.It seemed to him so good and so delighted his wife that he made half adozen and presented them to friends. They elicited such enthusiasticappreciation from all who received them that Mr. Noyes concluded thathe had invented something that would meet a real need and would sell.He therefore patented the dictionary-holder and began to manufactureand put it on the market. The result was surprisingly successful. Thedemand was not only almost immediate, but was increasingly large.He constantly improved and finally completely redesigned the holder.The business soon became so promising as to convince him that he musttransfer it to Chicago. He therefore sold his old business and moved toChicago, establishing a factory for making the dictionary-holder onSouth Market Street. This was in 1879, and being the only manufacturer of wire book-holders he did a large business, the sales reachingnearly or quite thirty thousand in a single year. The dictionary-holderwas a money-maker and laid the foundation of Mr. Noyes' fortune.Meanwhile he was all the time working out new inventions andselling them to manufacturers of farm machinery. During the twentyyears following his graduation from college he devised and sold a scoreor more of improvements in haying and harvesting tools and machines.These activities brought him into an enduring acquaintance and friendship with William Deering, the founder of the great house of that name,which is now a part of the International Harvester Company. His mindduring the eighties was continually and inventively active with thingsoutside his manufacturing business, and the prosperity resulting fromthese manifold activities provided the means for the real and greatbusiness of his life. This was the aermotor.It was perhaps in 1886 that Mr. Noyes' attention was called seriouslyto the possibility of improving and making a great business out of avery old and widely used device for generating power — the windmill.Improvements had, indeed, been made in the windmill of ancient days,but it was still constructed of wood and was large, heavy, and cumbersome. Iron and steel construction had been suggested to manufacturers,but they were slow to change from the old methods. The thing thatdistinguishes Mr. Noyes is that when the suggestion came to him herecognized its importance and began to suspect that its adoption might202 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDtransform the business and make it a great, highly useful, and profitableenterprise. He entered, therefore, on a serious study of the wholequestion. He instituted tests and experiments. He and his assistantsdevised changes and improvements. The old windmill was transformed.It was no longer merely a mill. It was a new creation and needed a newname. What should it be called? Mr. Noyes said to a friend, "Whatshall I call it ? It is not a mill. It's a motor. It derives its power fromthe air." At that both men exclaimed "air motor," and the name wasfound. For business purposes it became the aermotor and the concernmanufacturing it the Aermotor Company. Mr. Noyes has had verycapable associates, but from the beginning the Aermotor Company hasbeen La Verne Noyes.When perfected the aermotor was constructed entirely of iron andsteel. Compared with the old ungainly windmill it looked like a mechanical toy. The way in which it gained very wide attention was throughusing at the outset an eight-foot wheel and asking that it be comparedwith the big wheels of the old windmill. The aermotor runs in a lightwind, is self-regulating in a strong wind, and stands the severest storms.It lubricates itself perfectly. One improvement has been added toanother until perfection has well-nigh been reached.Mr. Noyes entered on the business of manufacturing aermotors in1888, at 42 and 44 West Monroe Street. It was successful from the start.Speaking to his agents in 1893 he said, "I commenced the manufactureof the aermotor in '^] really got at it in '89, and since then have lessenedthe cost of wind power to the consumer to one-sixth of what it was at thattime and have enormously increased its use." The business grew sorapidly that in 1890 it was moved far west to the corner of Twelfth andRockwell streets, where ten acres of ground were eventually purchasedand largely covered wTith buildings. The business has graduallyexpanded to include other things, one of the most important being themaking of steel towers which are used for supporting aermotors, forcarrying the cables of electric transmission lines from the hydro- orsteam-generating plants to the places where the power is distributed,for wireless stations, for forest observation posts, and for supportingbatteries of powerful electric lights for flood lighting. In thirty yearsthe business of the company has increased several thousand per cent.Mr. Noyes was asked the other day what the field of the aermotor was.Without hesitation he answered, "The world." The sale of aermotorshas been established in forty countries in addition to all the territoriesof the United States.LA VERNE NOYES 203For some years Mr. Noyes has been at work on an extension of theuses of the aermotor which will make the world its field even morecertainly than it is now. He is proposing to transform the winds ofheaven into electrical power and to make electricity do for the owners ofaermotors anywhere in the world whatever they want it to do. Usefulas the aermotor is it can now produce power only when the wind blows.Mr. Noyes proposes to attach it to storage batteries and thus produce andstore electricity when the wind blows to furnish power when it does notblow. The aermotor has, long been used to produce electricity for lighting purposes. In 1895 Mrs. Noyes, in passing through New York City,wrote to her husband: "You will be delighted to know that the NewYork office is enjoying the finest of electric light, the power for which isfurnished by the aermotor" on the roof of the building. Mr. Noyesand his assistants have developed ingenious devices by which theelectricity generated when the wind blows is transferred more successfully than ever before to storage batteries whence it can be drawnupon in windless weather for all sorts of services. The batteries ofthe electrical automobile can be charged. The house or shop can belighted at all times. The farmer can pump his water regardless of thewind. The farmer's wife can heat her electric irons, run the washingmachine, and iron the clothes. She can renovate the house with vacuumcleaners, make her ice-cream, toast her bread, make her coffee, ring thebell, and call her husband from the barn, or the maid from the kitchenby the electric current. By the same current her husband can grindfood for his stock, sharpen his tools, saw his wood, operate the creamseparator, and do a score of other things and thus transform farm lifefrom a terror to his growing boys to an attraction from which nothingcan draw them away. The electric current will be on tap in allweathers. Rain or snow, cold or hot, wind or no wind, it will be alwaysavailable.It will be the cheapest power and, perhaps, capable of wider application than any hitherto produced by the ingenuity of man. As theselines are written the final steps are being taken in perfecting the aermotoraero-electric outfit. Where it has served hundreds in the past it isconfidently expected to serve thousands in the future. With how muchmore reason than ever before may Mr. Noyes now begin to say, " Myfield? It is the World!" It is by no means impossible that in thefuture, the distant future, when the last oil well has failed and the coalfields are exhausted, the electric aermotor will supply for all the world anabundance of heat, light, and power.204 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDBut a man's life does not consist in the things he possesses nor in theactivities by which he gains them. The normal man spends many morehours of the day in his home and in outside activities than in his office.Mr. Noyes is a normal man and this has been eminently true of him.His home life was exceptionally happy. The husband and wife were,from the beginning to the end, devoted to each other. They weresufficiently alike and unlike to make the attraction strong and enduring.Both were college graduates and had literary tastes in common. Mr.Noyes was devoted to business and invention, Mrs. Noyes had a naturaltaste for art. Wishing to obtain excellence in painting she became astudent in the Art Institute in Chicago. Her interest increasing shedecided to go abroad for more serious study in the art schools of Paris.She left Chicago in November, 1886, and did not return till the end ofJune, 1888. She wrote during this absence, as she did in all her absencesfrom home, a series of most interesting letters to her husband, whichhave been carefully preserved. Her penmanship was perfect and shewrote with great care. She did not sit down and write as things occurredto her at the moment, but thought out and arranged in advance thecontents of her letters and then wrote in a natural, simple, and charmingstyle. A reader of her letters finds no difficulty in believing what shesays in one of these letters, that rhetoric and Karnes's Elements ofCriticism were the most enjoyable studies of her college course. Shebegan to write on the steamer, and her letters gave a detailed story ofevery day, from that on which she sailed to her arrival in port on, herreturn. She did this on all her journeys (and these were not infrequent)to give pleasure to her husband. She wrote twice and sometimes threetimes a week, and Mr. Noyes wrote just as often. Apropos of currentevents she wrote on this first voyage that her seat at the table was next tothe chief engineer of the North German Lloyd, and added, "He is a veryinteresting man for a German." After spending a month in Heidelbergwith a friend, she went on to Paris, passing through Coblenz, which shewas assured was "impregnably fortified." Most of the nineteen monthsshe remained abroad at this time she spent in Paris studying French,drawing, and painting. In March, 1888, she writes of her daily routineas follows:In the morning I rise soon after daylight, which is not too early at this season,make my toilet, take the coffee and rolls, and get to work at the art school at half-pasteight. Dejeuner occupies the noon hour, after which comes painting again till four orfive o'clock. The time between this and getting ready for dinner is usually occupiedwith a walk for fresh air and exercise and doing little errands or making calls. Youknow all about the length of the dinner hour [Mr. Noyes had run over and visited her]LA VERNE NOYES 205and how easy it is to sit down afterward and talk with friends and acquaintances, orgo somewhere in the evening. Still, my evenings are not all spent this way, as youknow I write an occasional letter, go to dancing school one evening each week, and upto this time have prepared French exercises for a class which I attended two afternoonseach week.While I am quoting from this interesting series of letters I cannot resistthe temptation to use the following passage, so full of significance andinterest at this moment:One incident of the national fete day which I witnessed deserved to be recorded.It was early morning and I was standing in the Place de la Concorde quite enrapturedwith the fairy-like appearance given to it by the garlands of white globes which, likefestoons of flowers, were carried in all directions from lamp post to lamp post where theordinary burners and lanterns were replaced by an immense cluster of globes like agreat spray of white flowers. Suddenly a solemn procession appeared at the northwestcorner of the Place, marched slowly across the Place and paused in front of the statuewhich symbolized the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine. From the gravity of theprocession, which consisted of men and youths, as well as the dirgelike music to whichtheir steps were timed, I had at first supposed it must be a funeral and had wonderedthat any French person, even in death, could be so inconsiderate of the feelings ofothers, or perhaps it were better to say, of the eternal fitness of things, as to intrudeobsequies upon that festal day. But I was mistaken. There was no hearse, althoughthe other symbols of grief, sad music, the mournful visage, the step which showed theheart bowed down and the wreaths of immortelles were all there. The latter they hadcome to lay at the shrine of their loved and lost provinces. What could be morepatriotic or more fitting the nation's day ? And they tell me the people ail say thisshrine shall never be without flowers until their own is restored to them again.This letter was written July 24, 1887. Mr. Noyes was about to joinher and had asked her to continue her letters as usual up to the day ofhis arrival. He came on July 25, and they spent a month together inParis, in Switzerland, on the Rhine, in Belgium, and in England; thenMr. Noyes returned to his business in Chicago and she to her studies inParis. A few months later he wrote to her:Many people have said to me that they did not see how we could stand it to beseparated so long. I assure such people that it would be much pleasanter for us to betogether, but that happiness in life for us is made up of many elements; that we caneach read, write, think and do many things that give enjoyment in the absence of theother; and that even when alone and thousands of miles apart we find life well worththe living and that we hope by being separated for a time to make it better worth theliving.Both were young in 1887. Mrs. Noyes was only thirty-four. Thougha college woman she was eager for a broader culture, and her husbandsympathized with her ambitions. Her desire for improvement and excellence appears in this extract from a letter of October, 1887: "When206 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDone looks at the lovely Venus de Milo chiseled by human hands beforethe time of Christ and contemplates how its beauty has endured, is itnot a wonderful incentive to do well that which we do ?" In April andMay of 1888 she made a trip through Italy, visiting Rome, Naples,Venice, Milan, and Florence, returning to Chicago at the end of June.Continuing her studies she added a knowledge of Spanish to heracquaintance with French.Mrs. Noyes was a good traveler and conceived a great fondness fortravel. As her husband's business prosperity continually increased shewas able to indulge very fully her desire to see the world. Her love forher home was very great, however, and she was never again absent fromit for any long period. But she made many longer or shorter journeys;several of them abroad, one of them being a voyage around the world.In the spring of 1892 she visited the Pacific coast and extended herjourney to Hawaii. In the winter of 1894 she again went abroad, visitingBelgium, England, and France; Mr. Noyes joined her in the spring forthe later weeks of the trip. The following year, 1895, she spent threemonths in making a voyage which carried her to Portugal, Spain, Italy,Greece, Egypt, Palestine, France, and England. The trip round theworld took place in the winter of 1897-98. Short trips were made toParis in the summer of 1899 and the autumn of 1900, and in 1902 Mr. andMrs. Noyes went abroad together, visiting Germany, Switzerland, Belgium, France, and England. They spent July and August of 1905 inmaking a tour of Ireland, Scotland, England, and Wales. In September, 1 9 10, Mrs. Noyes made a trip to London and return on the"Campania" and contributed an appeal in verse for the seamen at aconcert given in their behalf. Husband and wife went together toAlaska and to Panama.It will be apparent from the above that Mrs. Noyes was very fondof travel. It gave her the liveliest satisfaction that she was never seasick. She was proud to be able to write to her husband that in the wildestand most long continued storms she never missed a meal and was oftenthe only woman that appeared in the dining-room. Everything in herjourneys seemed enjoyable; even while her fellow-passengers weremiserable she was happy. She possessed great good-will and liked thepeople she met on trains and shipboard. Amiable and sociable, she mademany delightful acquaintances. Everywhere she found friends. Shehad an unusual capacity for enjoyment and led a happy life. When shewent tovHawaii in 1892 Mr. Noyes wrote:I was sure your trip would be one of unalloyed pleasure and enjoyment, partlybecause you always travel rather to enjoy yourself than to be miserable and uncom-* LA VERNE NOYES 207fortable, and one is likely to find what he hunts for; partly because you are a goodtraveler and know how to look for and find the good things, and partly because peoplelike to help one enjoy who is a good enjoyer, which you are.Mrs. Noyes, it has been said by one who knew her, would have beenconspicuous in any company by her inconspicuousness. She was petitein figure to an extreme, being about five feet, one inch in height, but shemade up in animation what she lacked in bulk. Her vivacity wasspontaneously temperamental. She was physically and mentally alertand represented the type of woman the old New England academiesprided themselves on producing. She carried the spirit of the well-brought-up girl into the sphere that was open to her in Chicago. Playfuland serious, she was a decidedly wholesome woman, devoted to thosegood causes that appealed to her.She was very much interested in the activities of women. She wasa director of the Twentieth Century Club and of the Women's AthleticClub. She was president of the North Side Art Club and was activein the Woman's Club. But the later years of her life were devotedlargely to the Daughters of the American Revolution. The story of herceaseless activities in the interest of this organization of patriotic womenis worthy of a volume. She was regent of the Chicago Chapter, thefirst organized in the country and the largest, having over eight hundred members. She became vice-president general of the nationalorganization and wielded a potent and beneficent influence in thisgreat organization.In the latter years of her life Mrs. Noyes developed a facility inwriting occasional verse. One of her early attempts was written forher husband for a meeting of the Forty Club in December, 1906, wheneach member was required to introduce himself in verse. The two versesquoted will serve an evident purpose:In far-away New EnglandWhere words and speech are choice,My earliest ancestorsWere always known as "Noyce."But in the "wild and woolly west"Among the Forty boys,To make a pun or turn a jestThey always call me "Noise"!It came to be quite the thing for Mrs. Noyes to be called on to writeverses for birthdays, social gatherings, club meetings, and other occasions.Once she wrote for herself during her last illness in 191 2 and the resultwas received with great applause by the D.A.R. Congress in Washington208 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDafter her re-election as vice-president general. The seven verses are allgood. The following are the first two:No matter how electionsMay really terminate,My heart will be contented,My spirits still elate.For if we win we're happy.And if we lose, we're gladTo give to some one betterThe honors that we had.At the eighteenth D.A.R. Congress held in Washington in 1909 sheread a response in verse to the president general's address of welcome,which awakened great enthusiasm.Mrs. Noyes' interest in art did not cease with her studies in Paris.She did much painting thereafter, for the most part studies in heads andfaces. On all her journeys her camera was her constant companion indaily use. On the trip around the world she took 2,000 photographs,and from another shorter journey she brought back 681. She tookmany thousands of pictures which she arranged with great care andpreserved. This she did to satisfy her own artistic craving and thather husband might go over her travels with her. Her work with thecamera was so perfect that the use of her photographs was sought bypublishers to illustrate their books.In 1907 Mr. Noyes purchased one of the most attractive homes inChicago at 1450 Lake Shore Drive. It was one of the joys of the closingyears of Mrs. Noyes' life to furnish and adorn this beautiful home.They had lived temporarily in different parts of the West, South, andNorth sides. In going into the house on Lake Shore Drive they wereentering their permanent home, where they hoped to spend many happyyears. They made it a hospitable house. They were fond of theirfriends and had hosts of them whom it was their happiness to entertain.Mrs. Noyes had always enjoyed perfect health, and it was a grievousshock to both husband and wife when she was overtaken by sickness.The last year of her life she passed as an invalid, but in her husband'spresence she maintained her cheerfulness to the end. She died onDecember 5, 191 2, at the age of fifty-nine. The president general ofthe D.A.R. said of her:I am stunned as to why this bright, beautiful woman, so radiant with gloriousvitality, bubbling over with wit and humor, so feminine in charm and personality, sostrong in intellect, should have been taken from those who so loved and leaned uponher. Never again shall we hear from her smiling lips the sparkling, yet stinglessinWgwCO «<& s< 2P&4owoWKHLA VERNE NOYES 209raillery and pleasantry that have charmed and convulsed great assemblies; nor nobleaddresses that are stamped as classics — with their ring of truth and sincerity; matchless in thought and utterance.It is not surprising that her husband welcomed the opportunity tocommemorate her life and perpetuate her memory in that beautifulbuilding for the women students of the University of Chicago, the IdaNoyes Hall. It was less than six months after the death of Mrs. Noyeswhen he announced to the Trustees his readiness to erect this hall "asa social center and gymnasium for the women of the University." Theproffer was accepted, the plans for the building were made, and thecornerstone was laid on April 17, 19 15. Since April 16 was Mrs. Noyes'birthday her husband chose to regard that ceremony as a celebrationof the day. Firmly believing in the future life in which she was consciousand active he addressed to her a very full letter saying among otherthings:I am writing a letter to you this morning, to be sealed in the box in the cornerstoneof Ida Noyes Hall, . . . . as if I knew that you would consciously receive it and getinformation from it and be pleased with its contents, as I know you would have beenbefore your departure. If it does not come to your conscious mind, it may come tothe hands of some living persons a thousand years hence I have given, in yourname, to the University of Chicago, a very beautiful building — Ida Noyes Hall — asa home for the social activities of the young women at the University. It will containa beautiful gymnasium, natatorium, and many other special, novel and useful features.It will be an ideal Gothic structure, unsurpassed, probably, by anything in this countryfor beauty of design, perfection, and durability of architectural construction, andadaptation to the varied activities (social and otherwise) of the women student body.In accepting this gift, the Board of Trustees of the University declared in formalresolution its "especial gratification that there is to be commemorated in the quadrangles of the University the name of a gracious and gifted woman whose rare qualitiesare well worthy of admiration and emulation by successive generations of our youngwomen."Are souls straight so happy, that, dizzy with heaven,They forget earth's affections — ?Mrs. Noyes had visited many countries and her husband hadfollowed her, with his letters, to them all. Now, she was to him onlyin another country and had not forgotten " earth's affections," and hewrote to her, a little more seriously indeed, but as naturally as when shehad been in Paris. It was the result of the reaction of a healthy mindwhose " thoughts and beliefs regarding the next transition have beencomforting."The dedication of the building formed a part of the celebration of theUniversity's twenty-fifth anniversary, in June, 19 16. Ida Noyes Hallinvolved a contribution from Mr. Noyes to the University of half a2IO THE UNIVERSITY RECORDmillion dollars, and it has added in an extraordinary degree to the welfareand enjoyment of the students of the University, men and women alike.Indeed the life of the entire University has been enriched. To hiscontribution Mr. Noyes has added a personal interest that leads him toinvite the women of the Senior class each year to a luncheon at his houseon the Lake Shore Drive, where they are encouraged to examine themany objects of interest the house contains.Mr. Noyes does not belong to that large class of men who have nointerests outside their offices and their homes. He once said to hisagents:My real occupation is that of "Dealer in People. ".... There is not an ofhce inChicago that has a more capable, enthusiastic and pleasanter corps of workers, ....nor is there a factory in Chicago that has a better satisfied and more efficient corps ofworkers than the hundreds and hundreds of men in the aermotor works.Perfect understanding and accord have bound the company and theworking force together.In politics Mr. Noyes has always been a Republican. He was activein the party for many years, a substantial financial supporter, andinfluential in its councils. He was, however, one of that large numberwho felt that the National Convention of 19 12 had misrepresented andbetrayed the party in preventing the nomination of Mr. Roosevelt.He therefore joined with enthusiasm in the organization of the Progressive Party and served on the Executive Committee and labored earnestlyfor Mr. Roosevelt's election to the presidency.Mr. Noyes' devotion to business has been very absorbing, and it is adistinct surprise to discover how much time and attention he has givento public affairs. He would not have accepted any political office, butthrough many years, in connection with other public-spirited citizens,he made the most strenuous efforts to rid his party of a boss who broughtonly disgrace on the party and the state.He has been engaged in many great enterprises for the public good.In 1900 he was president of the National Business League of Americaand worked influentially in securing the organization of the Departmentof Commerce and Labor, writing to and appearing before the Congressional Committee and speaking in advocacy of the bill for organizing thisimportant department of the government.He was one of the earliest advocates of the creation of the InterstateCommerce Commission and took part in the preliminary conferenceswhich largely determined its functions. He later appeared before theSenate Committee on Interstate Commerce to advocate changes in theLA VERNE NOYES 211Interstate Commerce Law. Before another Committee of Congress headvocated those reforms in the Consular Service of our country thathave done so much to improve it. For this important measure he spokebefore influential organizations in different parts of the country. Helabored in the same way in behalf of a deep waterway connectingChicago with the Gulf of Mexico.For some years Mr. Noyes was president of the Civic Federation ofChicago and was long .prominent in its councils. He was particularlyactive in doing away with the division of Chicago into several townships,each of which was a separate taxing body supporting a lot of utterlyuseless officials. To reform this abuse required many arduous campaigns. At the end of his presidency of the Civic Federation in 1902Mr. Noyes was able to say in his annual report: "The most importantachievement of the Federation during the present administration is theemancipation of Chicago from its township evils against which therehad been a vain struggle for more than a quarter of a century." He wasable at the same time to report that the Federation had been mainlyinstrumental in the passage of the Illinois Primary Election Law.Mr. Noyes was less successful in the efforts he made, in connectionwith others, to unite the various boards of park commissioners in Chicagointo one body.In 1902 President McKinley appointed Mr. Noyes a delegate to theInternational Congress of Commerce and Industry, which met atOstend, Belgium, in August of that year. He not only undertook theservice without remuneration, but insisted also on paying his ownexpenses. On this visit abroad he took Mrs. Noyes with him. He wasalso at this time a delegate of the International Olympian Games whichit was proposed to hold in Chicago in 1904. The Commission of whichhe was a member went abroad to secure the participation of the Europeannations in the games.In 1903 he was president of the National Reciprocity League andlabored, though an advocate of the protective tariff, for such a revisionof the tariff as would reform its inequalities and render it just andequitable to all interests.For two years Mr. Noyes was president of the Illinois Manufacturers' Association. In connection with members of the Association hevisited the West and South. In the winter of 1911-12 he went with theAssociation on a trip of inspection of the Panama Canal. The trip wasmade on the "Fuerst Bismarck" pf the Hamburg line and was markedby one festivity which will never be repeated by an American group of212 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDtourists. They had a dinner on January 27, 1912, in celebration of theKaiser's birthday, and verses composed by Mrs. Noyes for the occasionwere read with great acclaim. Two years before this trip, in December,1909, the ceremony of the opening of the Illinois Farmers' Hall of Famein Urbana and the installation of the name of Cyrus H. McCormick tookplace. Mr. Noyes, representing the Illinois Manufacturers' Association,made one of the addresses, speaking on "The Manufacturer and theFarmer," and Mrs. Noyes contributed a poem. The following are thelast four lines of this tribute to the tillers of the soil:Peace sounds the knell of Armed power,And now is the triumphal hourOf Nature's conservation, whenAre raised to fame her husbandmen.Mr. Noyes' interest in the Art Institute of Chicago began very soonafter he made the city his home. His wife's interest, which first madeher a student in the Institute, continued to the end of her life, and Mr.Noyes himself has long been a governing life-member. Mrs. Noyes hadsome very handsome pieces of jewelry which together made a valuableand unique collection. This collection after her death Mr. Noyes gaveto the Institute. It was later stolen and has hot yet been recovered.For some years Mr. Noyes has been a trustee of the Lewis Instituteof Chicago. In 19 10 an arrangement was made between the ChicagoBranch of the National Metal Trades Association and the school wherebyboys learning trades could study one week and work in a shop one week —two boys holding the one job and alternating at school and in the shop.This was known as the Co-operative Course for Shop Apprentices. Theboys were paid by the manufacturers for both the week they spent in theshop and the week they spent in school. This enabled many boys toattend school who otherwise could not have done so. Mr. Noyesbecame so interested in the experiment that he offered to pay the tuitionat the Lewis Institute of all the boys who entered this course, and thishe did for seven years, from 1910 to 1916. The experiment came to anend in 19 16 because the demand for boys became so great and the wagesoffered them so high that many gave up school for work.But it was in the Chicago Academy of Sciences in Lincoln Park thatMr. Noyes found one of his greatest opportunities for the exhibition ofpublic spirit and the play of his unusual powers of initiative, imagination,and invention. In 191 1 he was elected president of the Board ofTrustees. Being given a free hand by the directors he at once proceeded" to install in the Museum a series of Natural History exhibits based onLA VERNE NOYES 213the study of the Chicago region, and to make the institution an effectiveeducational center in the Community." Dr. Wallace Atwood, for manyyears secretary of the Academy, was associated with him in this work.Together they worked into practical form Dr. Atwood's idea of a celestialsphere for the study of astronomy. Mr. Noyes worked out the difficultengineering problem of installing the sphere in a remarkable and practicalway, making the sphere unbelievably light and yet of sufficient strengthfor its purpose. It is fifteen feet in diameter and has a seating capacityfor fifteen students. Under Mr. Noyes' direction new and extensivegroups of exhibits are constantly being added to the museum, the planbeing to show the environs of Chicago, with their birds, mammals, andplant life from the dunes on the south to the Skokie Valley and lakeregion on the north. The result is indescribably illuminating andattractive. To be at all appreciated the exhibits must be seen. Theyare attracting multitudes of visitors, who, as they view them, wonderand admire. Mr. Noyes' administration has seen the renascence ofthe Academy, a rebirth to a new life. This has cost him much time andmuch money and made Chicago very greatly his debtor.Mr. Noyes is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, a member of the Chicago Historical Society, and connected with many other associations, educational, financial, and patriotic.He is a member of the Executive Committee of the League to EnforcePeace and profoundly interested in all measures to win the Great Warand win it in such a way as to make its recurrence impossible.In 1896 he joined the Union League and the Illinois Club. Later hebecame a member of many of the leading clubs of Chicago — the Commercial, the Bankers', the Hamilton, the Chicago Athletic, the Press, theUniversity, the Chicago Literary, and others. The Forty Club has beena favorite. It was at a meeting of this club that W. D. Nesbit, thetoastmaster, in introducing Mr. Noyes, on the spur of the momentperpetrated the following:Rockefeller, Gould and Morgan,Noyes has them all skinned.They do theirs on water,But he does his on wind.In the speech which followed this introduction Mr. Noyes soberlytraced the origin of the Forty Club back to the forty thieves of theArabian Nights.He did not begin golf early enough to become a winner of the nationalchampionship, at least up to this date. He is, however, only sixty-nine214 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDand is still improving his game. His love for the great game has madehim a member of several golf clubs. Midlothian was his first love andthere he built an attractive summer home. But no real golfer can content himself with a single course, and he later entered the South, ShoreCountry, Chicago, and Edgewater. He once for a brief period indulgedin a yacht and is a member of the Chicago Yacht Club, but golf is the realrecreation of his later years, and he can show trophies of his skill.It must not be forgotten, however, that during all this time the mostdifficult scientific and mechanical problems were occupying his time andattention and in particular the aero-electrical problem, the solution ofwhich has vast significance for the future. It is not surprising, therefore,that in 19 15 his Alma Mater, Iowa State College, conferred on him thehonorary degree of Doctor of Engineering, "in recognition of his eminentsuccess in the field of engineering and his interest in the promotion ofhigher education."The Greeks said grandly in their tragic phrase,Call no man happy till his death.As Mr. Noyes is still very much alive the final balance sheet of hislife cannot yet be drawn up. But some things can be said of him whichwill be just as true for any later biographer as they are now.His friends find him one of the most companionable of men. Without affectations, he is cordial, genial, friendly. A lover of friends, he isa hospitable host and a delightful guest.He loves the open. He has traveled much. Four or five times hehas been abroad and is as good a sailor as Mrs. Noyes was. The rifle,the shotgun, and the rod have taken him to many parts of the South andWest and North. He has hunted over many a mountain and prairieand fished in many waters.He is a man of marked originality. An inventor by nature hecannot look at things just as other men do. The beaten path does notappeal to him. He seeks a better one. He does not take his opinionssecond hand; he thinks out his views and makes them his own. He doesnot reject the old because it is old nor accept the new because it is new.He is neither a radical nor a conservative. He has the open mind, butdoes his own thinking.He is therefore naturally a man of independence. This has beenillustrated by his entire business career. He organized his businesshimself and has himself conducted it. He has rejected all overturesfor making connections or agreements with competitors, preferring toconduct his own business in his own way.¦HHRMRS. NOYESAt Her Summer Home, MidlothianLA VERNE NOYES 215His extraordinary faculty of persistence is evidenced by his buildingup an immense business from very small beginnings, with insufficientcapital at the outset and against great odds. An inventor must bepersistent. Mr. Noyes has had this quality in such a degree that hewould continue his experiments through all difficulties and discouragements till the device being worked upon was perfected. And he hasshown this same endowment in all the varied activities of his busy life.It has been a fortunate thing for Mr. Noyes that his strenuous lifehas been relieved by a refreshing sense of humor. And it is not themanufactured, but the spontaneous, variety. It doesn't have to bepumped up, but is always on tap. It appears continually in his correspondence. He writes his wife that she will be grieved to learn that aserious financial disaster has overtaken him. Mr. has failedin business owing him $4 . 85. When Mrs. Noyes, on her trip around theworld, had arrived in India, he wrote her: "When asked by any of yourthousand friends as to where you are, I point downward, .... in thedirection of Bombay." In the same letter he says: "The D — s gave mea cordial invitation to take Christmas dinner with them, and I prepared,with great care, what I think a fairly good letter, setting forth, in dramatic terms, my deep regret at having two invitations and but onecapacity for Christmas dinner. It was fortunate that I prepared theletter, because I had three other chances to use it on the same occasion.I am through with it now, however, and would rent it out on moderateterms." In another letter, referring to her photographing activity, hepresumes "that the Orient is being put on films for transportation to theOccident. As for me, I am hustling round in the usual way and piningaway and growing thin. It pains me to say that I was weighed theother day and weighed only 198 pounds." This was in 1898. TheSpanish- American War was coming on but still quite uncertain. MrsNoyes was in Japan. He wrote: " Should there be trouble between theUnited States and Spain (which I doubt) you may not find it safe to comeon an American steamer from Japan: it may be preferable for you towalk. In that case you will lose the use of that ticket which you purchased." These are only samples of the dry humor that filled his correspondence as it also abounds in his conversation. His humor is notthe noisy but the quiet kind. He sees the humorous side of things aswell as the serious.Mr. Noyes has always been a man of great liberality. He is agenerous giver. He had this characteristic, among others, of the idealhusband — he was a good provider. During his wife's absences in2X6 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDEurope she never asked for money. He always provided it in advanceand in abundance. But his liberality did not stop at home. He hasloved to be generous to persons whom he knew to be in need, oftenseeking the privilege of helping them. He believes in organized charities,however, and has given regularly and liberally to the United Charitiesof Chicago and assisted substantially the Park Ridge School for Girls(building an $18,000 cottage), the Country Home for ConvalescentChildren, the Chicago Nursery and Half-Orphan Asylum. It has beensaid of him that he "has given annually large sums to establishedcharities and to movements for civic betterment and public good. Areview of the subscription lists for civic betterment in this city duringthe past twenty-five years will disclose his name on practically everyone of them." He was one of the large subscribers for the Y.M.C.A.Hotel. He gave $25,000 to the Fourth Presbyterian Church to build,in Mrs. Noyes' name, the Cloister which connects the church buildingwith the manse. He has liberally assisted Cornell College and CoeCollege, Iowa, the two institutions in each of which he spent a winterwhen, as a boy, he was preparing for college more than fifty years ago.I am not attempting to give anything like a list of his benefactions.He could not himself make such a list. He gives and forgets about it.The thing he never forgets is a machine he has once seen.Since the building of Ida Noyes Hall he has thought much about theUniversity of Chicago, its students, and its future. One of the things towhich he has given most liberal and enlightened consideration is theimprovement of the Midway Plaisance. The Midway is a part of thegreat South Park System. A mile long and, including the streets oneither side which form a part of it, about seven hundred and fiftyfeet wide, it runs through the center of the site of the University. Awide, deep ditch in the middle is, sometime, to be made much deeper andis to connect as a waterway the lagoons of Washington and Jacksonparks. No satisfactory solution of the problems of the waterway andthe general improvement of the Midway having been found, Mr. Noyesset himself to their study. He engaged Mr. O. C. Simonds, the landscape architect, to assist him and together they worked out a strikinglycomplete and attractive plan for the waterway and the entire Midwayfrom Washington to Jackson parks. Instead of a narrow canal runningstraight through the middle, so far below the surface that it could beseen only from the top of its banks, the plan provides for a lake fromtwo hundred to four hundred feet wide. From Fifty-ninth Street onthe north and Sixtieth Street on the south the ground descends gently tothe water's edge so that the lake is in full view from both streets. TheLA VERNE NOYES 217shores nowhere show straight lines, but wind about in curves, formingbays and headlands like any woodland lake. Bridges, each aboutseventy-five feet wide, cross the lake at Ellis, Woodlawn, and Dorchesteravenues, and at these points the lake narrows — at Dorchester to aboutone hundred and twenty-five feet and at the other crossings to twohundred or two hundred and fifty feet. On both sides of the lake thereare driveways fifty feet wide following more or less closely the lake'sshore and running under the bridges. Trees and shrubs everywhereabound among which the paths find their way. There is a waterwayconnection with the basernent of Ida Noyes Hall through which thecanoes and boats of the young women would find access to the lake.The plan is one of extraordinary attractiveness and is likely to influencestrongly the final improvement of the Midway Plaisance.The crowning philanthropy of Mr. Noyes' life is one of which it isimpossible to write with reserve. It is one of the noblest benefactionsin the history of education. He has been profoundly stirred by theGreat War, regarding it as a life-and-death struggle to save and safeguardthe liberties of the world. All that we hold dear as Americans and asmen has been at stake. Mr. Noyes looked with intense interest on thespectacle of the men of fighting age in America responding cheerfully, in aspirit of utter self-sacrifice, to the call to arms, ready to pay "the lastfull measure of devotion" for their country and mankind. Ponderingall these things he began finally to ask himself, "How can I, a man farbeyond the military age, show my appreciation of my fellow-countrymenwho have uncomplainingly laid their all on the altar and set an exampleof patriotism, heroism, and idealism for all coming generations?" Heknew that many of them were boys and young men who had interruptedtheir studies in high school and college to enter the service, that in manythe experience of war would awaken a new ambition for an education,that thousands would return disabled for life to mourn that they couldnot give opportunities to their children, and that other thousands whohad hoped to do great things for their children would give up their livesand leave their sons and daughters fatherless. Mr. Noyes concludedthat the greatest benefaction he could make for all these classes wouldbe to open before those who desired them the opportunities of a liberaleducation.Being already closely connected with the University of Chicago henaturally decided to propose to that institution that it should unitewith him in this great benefaction to our soldiers and sailors and theirchildren and children's children. He then laid his plan before PresidentJudson, who was his intimate friend. The President welcomed the2l8 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDproposal, and thus it came about that Mr. Noyes made over to theUniversity property valued at $2,500,000 or more, the contract and deedof gift being executed on July 5, 19 18, the fund to bear the name of the"La Verne Noyes Foundation." In this great donation Mr. Noyesconveyed "all real estate and interests in real estate" he owned inChicago, including the manufacturing plant and the home on the LakeShore Drive. The purpose of the foundation is set forth as follows :To pay tuition at not to exceed the ordinary rate in the University of Chicago,whether in its colleges or in its graduate or professional schools, for deserving studentswithout regard to differences in sex, race, religion, or political party, who shall becitizens of the United States and who eitherFirst: Shall themselves have served in the Army or Navy of the United Statesin the war for liberty into which our Republic entered on the sixth day of April, 191 7,provided that such service was terminated by an honorable discharge; orSecond: Shall be descendants by blood of anyone in service in the Army or Navyof the United States, who served in said war; orThird : Shall be descendants by blood of anyone who served in the Army or Navyof the United States in said war, provided that such service was terminated by anhonorable death or an honorable discharge.It is declared to be the purpose of the donor in establishing this Foundation at thesame time to express his gratitude to those who ventured the supreme sacrifice of lifefor their country and for the freedom of mankind in this war, and also by giving themhonor, to aid in keeping alive through the generations to come the spirit of unselfish,patriotic devotion without which no free government can long endure or will deserveto endure.Such was the origin and such is the purpose of the La Verne NoyesFoundation. Although four months have not passed since the Universityreceived the fund and established the Noyes scholarships, applicationsfor them have already been received from the United States, France, thePhilippine Islands, and wherever there are American soldiers andsailors. Sons and daughters of men in the service are already enjoyingthem. The news of the establishment of the Foundation was welcomedwith enthusiasm in the Army and Navy and throughout our country.Mr. Noyes received many letters of appreciation and thanks and congratulation. The newspapers of the country greeted this great act ofbeneficence with editorials approving and commending it in the highestterms.May we not, after all, though he is still living, call Mr. Noyes happy ?It has been given to him to help uncounted thousands of young peoplethrough succeeding centuries to enter into life with every advantage aliberal education can give them, to enrich their lives and, through them,the life of the world and, as he has himself so nobly expressed it, "toaid in keeping alive through the generations to come the spirit of unselfish,patriotic devotion without which no free government can long endure orwill deserve to endure."THE STUDENT ARMY TRAININGCORPSTHE ORGANIZATIONi. Organization. — The Student Army Training Corps has twodivisions: A, the Collegiate Section; and B, the Vocational Section.Both sections are represented at the University of Chicago. Units ofSection B have been undergoing training in the High School shops sinceearly summer. The unit of Section A, numbering fifteen hundred, wasestablished October first.Both sections have a number of subdivisions. In Section A menmay be trained for the line, including Infantry, Field Artillery, andHeavy Artillery; or for the Technical Corps, in such branches as engineering, chemistry, and medicine; or for other branches of the service,such as Aviation, Ordnance, Signal Corps, and Quartermaster Corps.The unit at the University of Chicago will train primarily for the lineand for chemistry and medicine, including psychology; but many of thecourses are directly available for training in the other branches of theservice mentioned above.2. Administration. — The corps is at present administered by acommittee of army officers, on which are represented the General Staff(Colonel Rees, chairman), the Provost Marshal General, the AdjutantGeneral of the army, and the Training Section of the War College. AnAdvisory Board of civilians assists this committee. The vice-presidentof the University of Chicago represents universities and colleges on thisBoard.Section A (Collegiate) is administered in its civilian educationalrelations by a director— President R. C. Maclaurin, of the MassachusettsInstitute of Technology. The country is divided into districts, with alocal educational director in each. President A. Ross Hill, of the University of Missouri, is the director for this district.3. Curricula. — To meet the requirements of the amended SelectiveService Act, students in training for the line will be given courses determined by their ages. Students over twenty will probably be called tothe colors after three months and are accordingly required to pursue acurriculum judged to be of most value for those entering immediately2192 20 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDon such service. Students nineteen years of age are likely to be incollege for six or more months. For them the curriculum is more flexible.Younger boys have still greater latitude. But in each case the attemptis to confine the training to lines of work most likely to have directvalue in a soldier's life.In addition to daily drill the student must carry at least fourteenhours of academic work per week, for which twenty-eight hours ofpreparatory work are required. The following departments are acceptedas "allied" to the military courses: French, German, Mathematics,Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Geography, Geology, Topography, Map-Making, Meteorology, Astronomy, Hygiene, Sanitation, DescriptiveGeometry, Mechanical and Freehand Drawing, Surveying, Economics,Accounting, History, Psychology, International Law, Military Law, andPolitical Science.An elective in subjects outside this list of not to exceed three hoursper week is permitted.4. Vocational Section. — Men who are in the technical divisions,such as chemistry and medicine, pursue curricula in the main prescribedby the academic authorities and are held to a somewhat smaller amountof drill than those preparing for the line. Only men who make excellentrecords are allowed to remain in the technical division.5. Eligibility for the S.A.T.C. — All physically fit boys between theages of eighteen and twenty-one who have been graduated from a standard four-year high school are eligible for induction into the corps. Allmen between thirty-one and forty-five who can qualify under the educational and physical requirements are eligible. Men in deferred classes ofthe draft prior to September 12 are eligible, but men in Class iA of theoriginal draft are not eligible. Boys under eighteen, otherwise qualified,may enrol but not enlist. They pay their own way but may share theprivileges of drill, mess, and quarters. Owing to limited facilities itmay be impossible to allow any boys to enrol at present.6. Conditions after Induction. — After induction into the corps thestudent becomes a private in the Army of the United States, subjectto the Articles of War, and with the pay, equipment, and duties of thesoldier. He is housed, fed, clothed, and given medical attention by thegovernment. Provided his academic and military record is satisfactory,he remains in the college until his draft number is called, when he maybe transferred or assigned in any one of the following ways, depending in part on his record and in part on the momentary needs of thearmy:THE STUDENT ARMY TRAINING CORPS 221a) to a central officers' training camp ; or.b) to a noncommissioned officers' school; orc) to a cantonment for duty with troops as private; ord) be assigned to the school where he will be enlisted for furtherintensive work in specified lines for a limited time ; ore) be assigned to the Vocational Training Section of the corps fortechnician training.7. Responsibility of the Instructor. — As the treatment accordedeach soldier depends in considerable degree on his academic record,instructors are required to keep the most exact account possible of thedaily work of every soldier. Devices must be employed to assureconstant and accurate information on this matter.The army authorities request "that members of the S.A.T.C. whenreciting in the classroom shall stand at attention and shall speak withclearness and decision. Instructors should require that enunciation bedistinct and the pronunciation of words clear. The possession of thesequalities of speech is regarded as of military importance."It may be added in this connection that the commanding officer isdirected to have the men marched to and from their classrooms andstudy-rooms under military surveillance.The men will be in the recitation rooms ready for work promptly atthe beginning of the period. Instructors are expected to co-operate inemphasizing punctuality.8. Housing and Messing. — The University of Chicago unit of theS.A.T.C. (Collegiate Section) will be housed in the University dormitories, the University Grandstand, and certain residences leased for thepurpose in the immediate vicinity of the University grounds. Eachof these buildings has been prepared to meet the conditions of armybarracks, in accordance with government instructions. HutchinsonCommons and Lexington Hall are converted into army mess halls.9. The Military Staff. — The present military personnel consistsof Major Henry S. Wygant, commanding officer, and the followingstaff:Captain Robert P. Boardman Post Adjutant and Summary Court OfficerLieutenant Claud D. Manary Battalion CommanderLieutenant Mark T. Vornholt. Chief Medical OfficerLieutenant George H. Manosevitch Dental OfficerLieutenant Earl T. Crawford Post Quartermaster and Supply OfficerLieutenant Earl L. Thurstensen Commanding Officer, Vocational SectionSecond Lieutenant Robert L. Rewey Personnel AdjutantSecond Lieutenant Hugh M. Meriwether CO. "A" Co.222 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDSecond Lieutenant Mark J. O'Malley CO. "B" Co.Second Lieutenant W. L. Oliver CO. "C" Co.Second Lieutenant Terrence F. Ogden CO. "D" Co.Second Lieutenant Elisha L. Osborne CO. "E" Co.Second Lieutenant Paul W. Mengert CO. "F" Co.Second Lieutenant M. H. Johnson CO. " G" Co.Second Lieutenant G. L. O'Keefe CO. "H" Co.Second Lieutenant H. R. Ogden CO. " J" Co.Second Lieutenant Fred C Oliver CO. "K" Co.Military headquarters are established in the Reynolds Club.10. The Young Men's Christian Association. — The Army Y.M.C.A.has been given quarters in the Reynolds Club and, with the approvalof the commanding officer, will be in general charge of the recreationalfacilities in that building and will also serve the several functions assumedby the Y.M.C.A. in the army camps. The Army Y.M.C.A. Secretaryat the University of Chicago is Professor Edgar J. Goodspeed. He isassisted by Mr. Elbert Stevens and Mr. Clarence Brown.THE INAUGURATIONAt the flagpole in the central quadrangle the Student Army TrainingCorps assembled for the first time on October i, 1918, at eleven o'clock.On the platform were: Vice-President Angell, Major Henry S. Wygant,commanding officer of the corps, and his adjutant, Captain Robert P.Boardman. Before them were the eighteen officers assigned for duty atthe University of Chicago, the enlisted men in the Vocational Sectionof the Student Army Training Corps, and the prospective members ofthe Collegiate Section. On either side of the military group were othermembers of the University, including members of the Faculties in capand gown.Precisely at eleven o'clock, while a bugler sounded "To the Colors,"the National Color was slowly raised to the top of the mast. Therefollowed an impressive pledge of allegiance. The adjutant, phrase byphrase, led the assemblage: "I pledge allegiance to my Flag, and theRepublic for which it stands; one nation, indivisible, with liberty andjustice for all."The adjutant then read the following order of the day:War DepartmentWashington, D.COctober 1, 1918General Orders of the Day1. This day has a peculiar significance for more than five hundred colleges anduniversities throughout the United States. It is witnessing the organization of a newand powerful instrument for the winning of the war— the Student Army TrainingTHE STUDENT ARMY TRAINING CORPS 223Corps. The patriotism of American educational institutions is demonstrated to theworld by the effective and convincing manner in which they are supporting this far-reaching plan to hasten the mobilization and training of the armies of the UnitedStates.2. It is most fitting that this day, which will be remembered in American history,should be observed in a manner appropriate to its significance and to the importantaims and purposes of the Student Army Training Corps. Each commanding officerof a unit of the Student Army Training Corps will therefore, with the co-operation ofthe President and Faculty of the institution where his command is stationed, arrangea program for the proper observance of this day, when more than one hundred andfifty thousand American college students offer themselves for induction in the StudentArmy Training Corps, pledging themselves to the honor and defense of their country.3. This corps is organized by direction of the President of the United States underauthority of the following General Orders:War DepartmentWashington, August 24, 1918General Orders )No. /p j>Under the authority conferred by Sections 1, 2, 8, and 9 of the Act of Congress,"authorizing the President to increase temporarily the military establishment of theUnited States, " approved May 18, 191 7, the President directs that for the period of theexisting emergency there shall be raised and maintained by voluntary induction anddraft, a Student Army Training Corps. Units of this corps will be authorized by theSecretary of War at educational institutions that meet the requirements laid down inSpecial Regulations.4. The United States Army Training Detachments established at educationalinstitutions by the Committee on Education and Special Training are this day mergedwith the Student Army Training Corps. For purposes of administration only thecorps has been divided into the Collegiate Section and the Vocational Section. Thereis no distinction between soldiers of these sections. All are soldiers, and their identityis merged in the United States Army. All have equal opportunities to win promotion,each soldier's progress depending entirely upon his own individual industry andability.5. Orders have been issued whereby assemblies of all units of the corps are beingheld simultaneously at more than five hundred colleges and universities. At thismoment over one hundred and fifty thousand of your comrades throughout the nationare standing at attention in recognition of their new duties as soldiers of the UnitedStates.6. Soldiers of the Student Army Training Corps: All of the forces of the nationare now being concentrated on the winning of the war. In this great task you are nowcalled to take your proper place. The part which you will play as members of thiscorps will contribute definitely and in a vital manner to the triumph of our~cause.Your opportunities are exceptional and your responsibilities correspondingly great.Honor and the privilege of national service lie before you. Grasp your opportunityStrive for the common goal. Win the war.By direction of the Committee on Education and Special Training:R. I. Rees, Chairman,Colonel, General Staff Corps224 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDVice-President Angell spoke as follows :This day will be forever memorable in the history of the University. Alreadyhundreds upon hundreds of our Faculty, alumni, and students have entered the serviceof the nation, and hundreds more are impatiently awaiting an opportunity to go.Hardly a week passes that does not see new golden stars shining in our service flag,and we recall with reverent pride the brave men whose lives they commemorate —friends and companions who stood but yesterday beside us here in the full vigor ofyouth. And now the University herself is called to become an integral part of thegreat mechanism by means of which the nation is struggling to establish justice andpeace in the world. To this call she responds proudly and gratefully, casting into thescales every ounce of her strength and devotion.Here it shall be written for all the centuries to come : A great university, dedicatedto the peaceful pursuit of science, letters, and the arts, in the twinkling of an eyetransformed herself into an armed camp, training her sons in the hour of the nation'sneed for the stern business of war. You, my colleagues, and I may well congratulateourselves that we are privileged to bear some part in this great enterprise.To you, young men, members of the Student Army Training Corps, has come anopportunity wholly unparalleled in the history of our country. The nation has chosenyou for services of peculiar moment, and that you may render them the more efficientlyshe is bestowing upon you freely and without price the best training that she cancommand, amid surroundings designed to call out in you everything that is strong andmanly and fine. On you devolves the duty to be worthy of these opportunities,worthy of your country and of the very best that is in you. We who greet you heretoday, welcoming you to our academic home, have no doubt of the manner in whichyou will meet these obligations. We congratulate you on your good fortune and wishyou Godspeed in your high calling.Major Henry S. Wygant then read telegrams from General March,Chief of Staff, Honorable Benedict Crowell, Acting Secretary of War, andhis Excellency, Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States:The Student Army Training Corps has been organized to assist in training a bodyof men from whom the United States will draw officer material in large numbers.The need for these officers is one of the most imperative connected with our large armyprogram, and patriotic young men will be given an opportunity to acquire this trainingwith the knowledge that they will thus be enabled to better serve their country in thegreat drive which is to come. Superior leadership spells success in war, and it is theduty of every member of the Student Officers' Training Corps to do his utmost toqualify as a leader of men.Peyton C. MarchGeneral, Chief of Staff United States ArmyAs college students you are accustomed to contests of physical force. You arefamiliar with the tedious training and self-sacrificing discipline that are required todevelop a team that can win the game. You know that the contest is won by teamwork, push, enthusiastic co-operation with one another, and co-ordination of everyindividual talent to the single purpose of common success.THE STUDENT ARMY TRAINING CORPS 225In the military struggle in which you are about to enter the same conditionsprevail. In order to succeed, many weeks of thoroughgoing training and drill areessential to achieving the vast and vital end to which the country has pledged itsevery effort. The fighting machine will come into effective working order morerapidly in proportion as each individual in it devotes his full attention to the particularservice for which he is best qualified. In entering upon this training as studentsoldiers you have the opportunity of developing your abilities to the point where theywill be most effective in the common struggle. I am sure that you will do this in thesame spirit and with the same enthusiasm that you have always exhibited in the lesserstruggles to which you have been accustomed to devote your energies. I am sure thatyou will rise to this opportunity and show that America, the home of the pioneer, theinventor, and the master of machines, is ready and able to turn its every energy to theconstruction of an all-powerful military machine, which will prove as effective inliberating men as have the reaper, the aeroplane, and the telephone.Benedict CrowellThe step you have taken is a most significant one. By it you have ceased to bemerely individuals, each seeking to perfect himself to win his own place in the world,and have become comrades in the common cause of making the world a better placeto live in. You have joined yourselves with the entire manhood of the country andpledged, as did your forefathers, "your lives, your fortunes, and your sacred honor"to the freedom of humanity.The enterprise upon which you have embarked is a hazardous and difficult one.This is not a war of words; this is not a scholastic struggle. It is a war of ideals, yetfought with all the devices of science and with the power of machines. To succeedyou must not only be inspired by the ideals for which this country stands, but youmust also be masters of the technique with which the battle is fought. You must notonly be thrilled with zeal for the common welfare, but you must also be masters of theweapons of today.There can be no doubt of the issue. The spirit that is revealed, and the mannerin which America has responded to the call, is indomitable. I have no doubt that youtoo will use your utmost strength to maintain that spirit and to carry it forward to thefinal victory that will certainly be ours.Woodrow WilsonTHE UNIVERSITY AND THE WARTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO WAR SERVICEChairman, the PresidentVice-Chairman, the Vice-PresidentSecretary, Mr. RobertsonChairman of Committee on Intelligence, Mr. RobertsonChairman of Committee on Military Training, Mr. LinnChairman of Committee on Scientific Research and Training, Mr.StieglitzChairman of Committee on General Research and Training, Mr.McLaughlinChairman of Committee on Publicity, Mr. MathewsChairman of Committee on Relief and Social Work, Mr. Small -Chairman of Committee on Woman's War Aid, Mrs. Harry PrattJudsonChairman of Committee on Women Students' Activities, Miss WallaceTHE EMERGENCY COMMITTEEThe Vice-President, Chairman; Major Dodson, Mr. Judd, Mr. Freund,Mr. Lovett, Mr. Mathews, Mr. Robertson, Mr. Stieglitz, Mr.Wright.OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY IN THE SERVICE OF THE NATIONAND ITS ALLIES*Harry Pratt Judson, President of the University. Chairman of theDistrict Exemption Board for Division I of the District of Illinois;Chairman of the Commission on Relief in the Near East.James Rowland Angell, Professor and Head of the Department ofPsychology; Dean of the Faculties of Arts, Literature and Science.Member of Advisory Board, Committee on Education and SpecialTraining, War Department; Member of Committee on Classification ofPersonnel in the Army, Adjutant General's Office.Rudolph Altrocchi, Assistant Professor of Romance Languages.Secretary to Commissioner to Italy, of the Committee on Public Information.Willard E. Atkins, Assistant in Commercial Law. United StatesArmy.1 Additions and corrections may be sent to the chairman of the Committee onIntelligence. 226THE UNIVERSITY AND THE WAR 227L. V. Ballard, Assistant in Political Economy. Emergency FleetCorporation.Harlan H. Barrows, Professor of Geography. War Trade Board,Washington, D.C.Thyrza M. Barton, Head of tjie Housing Bureau. Y.W.C.A.,France.Wilbur L. Beauchamp, Instructor in Chemistry, University HighSchool. Second Lieutenant, United States Army.Charles Henry Beeson, Associate Professor of Latin. Captain,Department of Military Intelligence, United States Army, Washington,D.C.Arthur Dean Bevan, Professorial Lecturer on Surgery. Member ofRotation Surgical Staff, Surgeon General's Office; Surgeon on MedicalAdvisory Board, Number 3E.Frank Billings, Professor of Medicine. Colonel, United StatesArmy; Chairman of Red Cross Mission to Russia, 191 7; Medical Aideto Provost Marshal General in Washington, 191 8; Head of Reconstruction Division, Office of the Surgeon General, 1918.Frederick F. Blicke, Research Associate in the Department ofChemistry. Lieutenant, Chemical Warfare Service, United StatesArmy.Katherine Blunt, Assistant Professor of Food Chemistry, HomeEconomics. Expert on Nutrition, Office of Home Economics, Department of Agriculture; Editor-in-Chief, Collegiate Section, United StatesFood Administration.Albert Gordon Bower, Instructor in Hygiene. First Lieutenant,United States Army.Frederick Dent Bramhall, Instructor in Political Science. SpecialInvestigator in the Bureau of War Trade Intelligence, War Trade Board.Josiah Bridge, Fellow in Geology. First Lieutenant, United StatesArmy.Albert Dudley Brokaw, Assistant Professor of Mineralogy and Economic Geology. United States Shipping Board, Oil Work, Washington,D.C.Ralph L. Brown, Fellow in Department of Chemistry. FirstLieutenant, United States Army.Robert G. Buzzard, Fellow in the Department of Geography.United States Army.John B. Canning, Instructor in Political Economy. Major, Infantry, United States Army.228 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDPaul R. Cannon, Assistant in the Department of Hygiene. UnitedStates Army.Anton Julius Carlson, Professor of Physiology. Major, SanitaryCorps, United States Army, London, England; Member of NationalFood Commission to France.Elbert Clark, Assistant Professor of Anatomy. Major, MedicalCorps, United States Army, Washington, D.C.George L. Clark, Assistant in Chemistry. Lieutenant, TrenchWarfare Section.Solomon H. Clark, Associate Professor of Public Speaking.Y.M.C.A., France.Charles Carlyle Colby, Instructor in Geography. United StatesShipping Board, Washington, D.C.Algernon Coleman, Assistant Professor of French. Executive Secretary, Army Education Commission, National War Work Council,Y.M.C.A., France.John Merle Coulter, Professor and Head of the Department ofBotany. Chairman of Committee on Botany, National ResearchCouncil.Arthur Jeffrey Dempster, Instructor in Physics. Master Electrician, United States Navy.Walter Farleigh Dodd, Associate Professor of Political Science.Major, Quartermaster's Department, Washington, D.C.John Milton Dodson, Dean of Medical Students. Major; MedicalAide to Governor Lowden in connection with the Local Exemption andMedical Advisory Boards of Illinois.R. T. Walter Duke, Assistant, Law Library. First Lieutenant,Infantry, American Expeditionary Force.Carl Samuel Duncan, Assistant Professor of Commercial Organization. War Trade Board.James Alfred Field, Associate Professor of Political Economy.Statistician on American Section, Allied Maritime Transport Council,London, England.Nathan Fine, Fellow in Political Economy. Quartermaster Corps,United States Army.Leo Finkelstein, Instructor in Physical Chemistry. First Lieutenant, Chemical Warfare Service, American Expeditionary Force, France.George Enfield Frazer, Professorial Lecturer in Business Organization. Statistical and Accounting Division, Quartermaster Department, Washington, D.C.THE UNIVERSITY AND THE WAR 229Harry Fultz, Instructor in Manual Training. Second Lieutenant,Field Artillery, American Expeditionary Force.Hans David Gaebler, Assistant in Law Library. Aerial Photography, Rantoul, 111.J. Paul Goode.Henry Gordon Gale, Dean in the Colleges of Science. Major,Signal Corps, United States Army, American Expeditionary Force,France.John Everett Gordon, Assistant in Bacteriology and Hygiene,United States Army.William E. Gouwens, Curator of Kent Chemical Laboratory.United States Public Health Service, Newport News, Va.Marshall Allen Granger, Assistant in School of Commerce andAdministration. Ambulance Company No. 3.H. B. Hager, Former Assistant in Pharmacology. Assistant Surgeonwith the Atlantic FleetGeorge Ellery Hale, Non-Resident Professor of Astrophysics. Chairman, National Research Council, Council of National Defense, Washington, D.C.James Parker Hall, Dean of the Law School. Major, United StatesArmy.William McMicken Hanchett, Assistant in Anatomy. Captain,Medical Corps, Base Hospital Unit No. 13.William Draper Harkins, Professor of Chemistry. Special Expert,National Research Council.Norman MacLeod Harris, Assistant Professor of Bacteriology.Captain, Medical Corps, British Expeditionary Force, France.Andrew Edward Harvey, Instructor in History. Lieutenant,United States Army.Basil Coleman Hyatt Harvey, Associate Professor of Anatomy.Major, Sanitary Corps, United States Army.Joseph Wanton Hayes, Assistant Professor of Psychology. Captain,Medical Corps, United States Army.Leslie Hellerman, Assistant in Chemistry. Sergeant, ChemistryWarfare Service, Washington, D.C.Horner Henry Helmick, Assistant in Chemistry. Sanitary Corps,United States Army.Lawrence M. Henderson, Assistant in Physical Chemistry. American University Experiment Station, Washington, D.C.Charles Judson Herrick, Professor of Neurology. Major, SanitaryCorps, United States Army, Baltimore, Md.230 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDEdwin Frederick Hirsch, Instructor in Pathology. Captain, Medical Corps, United States Army; Chief of Medical Laboratory, CampGrant, 111.Allan Hoben, Associate Professor of Homiletics. Y.M.C.A. Secretary, France.Edwin P. Hubble, Fellow in the Department of Astronomy. Major,United States Army.James Root Hulbert, Assistant Professor of English. Captain,Department of Military Intelligence, Washington, D.C.Jens Peter Jensen, Fellow in Political Economy. United StatesFood Administration, Chicago, 111.Franklin Winslow Johnson, Principal of the University High School.Major, Rehabilitation Department, Walter Reed Hospital, Washington,D.C.Edwin Oakes Jordan, Professor of Bacteriology. Director of theRed Crsss Laboratory Car "Lister."Charles Hubbard Judd, Director of the School of Education. SpecialEditorial Collaborator in Bureau of Education in Co-operation withthe United States Food Administration, Washington, D.C.Morris Kharasch, Assistant in Chemistry. Chemistry WarfareService, Edgewood Arsenal, Edgewood, Md.Carl Kinsley, Associate Professor of Physics. Captain, Department of Military Intelligence, United States Army.Harry Dexter Kitson, Instructor in Psychology. Lieutenant,Field Artillery, United States Army, American Expeditionary Force,France.Thomas Albert Knott, Assistant Professor of English, Captain,Department of Military Intelligence, United States Army, Washington,D.C.Karl Konrad Koessler, Assistant Professor of Experimental Medicine. Assistant Examiner, Local Board, District No. 15.Raymond C. Lamborn, Assistant in the Department of Geology.Meterological Service.James E. Lebensohn, Former Fellow in Physiology. Second Lieutenant, Naval Hospital, Washington, D.C.Oliver Justin Lee, Instructor in Astronomy. Director of the UnitedStates Free Navigation School, Chicago.Harvey Brace Lemon, Instructor in Physics. Captain, OrdnanceDepartment, United States Army.Ralph Gerald Lommen, Fellow in the Department of English.United States Army.THE UNIVERSITY AND THE WAR 231Leverett S. Lyon, Instructor in the School of Commerce and Administration. Ordnance Department, United States Army.Paul MacClintock, Assistant in the Department of Geology. UnitedStates Army.Mary E. McDowell, Special Investigator, Y.W.C.A., France.Julian William Mack, Professor of Law. Member of Board of Arbitration for Labor Disputes, by presidential designation.James Oscar McKinsey, Instructor in the School of Commerce andAdministration. Lieutenant, Ordnance Department, United StatesArmy.Andrew Cunningham McLaughlin, Professor and Head of theDepartment of History. Lecturer delegated to England for AmericanHistorical Board for War Service.William Duncan MacMillan, Assistant Professor of Astronomy.Ordnance Department, Washington, D.C.Kenneth Charles McMurray, Assistant in the Department of Geography. First Lieutenant, United States Army.A. T. McPherson, Assistant in the Department of Chemistry.Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C.Earl Northup Manchester, Head of the Readers' Department of theLibrary. Army Camp Library Service, American Library Association.John Mathews Manly, Professor and Head of the Department ofEnglish. Captain, Department of Military Intelligence, United StatesArmy, Washington, D.C.Leon Carroll Marshall, Professor of Political Economy, Dean of theSenior Colleges. Director of Industrial Relations, United StatesShipping Board, Emergency Fleet Corporation.Albert Prescott Mathews, Professor of Physiological Chemistry.Captain, Quartermaster Department, United States Army.Shailer Mathews, Professor of Historical and Comparative Theology;Dean of the Divinity School. State Secretary, War Savings Committee of Illinois.Siegfried Maurer, Former Assistant in Physiological Chemistry.First Lieutenant, United States Army.Floyd Russell Mechem, Professor of Law. Member of FederalExemption Board, District No. 1, Northern Division of Illinois.Charles Edward Merriam, Professor of Political Science. Captain,United States Army; Commissioner to Italy of Committee on PublicInformation.Albert Abraham Michelson, Professor and Head of the Department ofPhysics. Lieutenant Commander, Ordnance Bureau, United StatesNavy, Washington, D.C.232 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDElizabeth W. Miller, Instructor in Home Economics. EditorialWork, United States Food Administration, Washington, D.C.Fred Benjamin Millett, Fellow in English. Private, United StatesArmy.Robert Andrews Millikan, Professor of Physics. Lieutenant Colonel,United States Army, National Research Council, Washington, D.C.Forest Ray Moulton, Professor of Astronomy. Major, OrdnanceDepartment, United States Army, Washington, D.C.C. H. Mulligan, Fellow in Chemistry. Ambulance Company.Bertram Griffith Nelson, Assistant Professor of Public Speaking.Associate Director, Four-Minute Men, Committee on Public Information.Richard Offner, Instructor in the History of Art. Private, UnitedStates Army.Flerman Oliphant, Associate Professor of Law, United .States Shipping Board, Emergency Fleet Corporation.Francis Warner Parker, Trustee. Y.M.C.A., France.Lucia W. Parker, Instructor in French and Assistant to Principal,University High School. American Red Cross, France.Charles J. Pieper, Instructor in Science, University High School.Private, United States Army.Robert S. Piatt, Assistant in the Department of Geography. FirstLieutenant, United States Army.Conyers Read, Associate Professor of History. Assistant Director,Red Cross, England.Lathrop E. Roberts, Assistant in the Department of Chemistry.Gas Offense Division, Washington, D.C.Julius Rosenwald, Trustee. National Council of Defense.Martin A. Ryerson, Trustee. Director, War Savings Committee ofIllinois.Ralph Sawyer, Instructor in Physics. Signal Corps, United StatesArmy.Franck Louis Schoell, Instructor in Romance Languages. Captain,French Army.George Wiley Sherburn, Instructor in English. Y.M.C.A. Secretary, France.Sumner H. Slichter, Fellow in Political Economy. Coast Artillery,United States Army.Theodore Gerald Soares, Professor of Homiletics and ReligiousEducation; Head of the Department of Practical Theology. Y.M.C.A.,France.THE UNIVERSITY AND THE WAR *33Wilmer Henry Souder, Instructor in Physics. Bureau of Standards,Washington, D.C.William Homer Spencer, Instructor in Business Law. First Lieutenant, Ordnance Department, United States Army.David Harrison Stevens, Instructor in English. Captain, Department of Military Intelligence, United States Army, Washington, D.C.Julius Stieglitz, Professor and Chairman of the Department ofPhysics. Chairman of Committee on Synthetic Drugs, NationalResearch Council; Special Expert, Public Health Service.Pietro Stoppani, Instructor in French. Captain, Italian Army.Arthur B. Streedain, Assistant in Anatomy. Base Hospital UnitNo. 13.Winfield Sweet, Assistant in the Department of Anatomy. FirstLieutenant, United States Army.Harold Higgins Swift, Trustee. Major, American Red Cross Mission to Russia.W. C. Toepelman, Fellow in the Department of Geology. SignalCorps, Aviation Section, Meteorological Service.Walter Sheldon Tower, Professor of Geography. United StatesShipping Board, Washington, D.C.James Hayden Tufts, Professor and Head of Department ofPhilosophy. Home Service Department, American Red Cross. DistrictDirector War Issues Course, Student Army Training Corps.Gertrude Van Hoesen, Assistant Professor of Home Economics.United States Food Administration.Jacob Viner, instructor in Political Economy. Assistant to Chairman, United States Tariff Commissioner.Elizabeth Wallace, Associate Professor of French Literature.American Red Cross and International Health Commission of theRockefeller Foundation in France.Harold B. Ward, Assistant in the Department of Geography.Training for Engineer's Corps, Washington, D.C.Chester C. Wardlaw, Assistant in Philanthropic Service Division,School of Commerce and Administration. Signal Corps, United StatesArmy.Ernest C. Watson, Assistant in Physics. Master Electrician, LocalSubmarine Committee, United States Navy.Harry Gideon Wells, Professor of Pathology. Major, AmericanRed Cross Mission to Roumania. -Gerald Louis Wendt, Instructor in Quantitative Analysis and Radioactivity. Captain, Research Department, Chemical Warfare Service,Washington, D.C.234 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDWilliam Garrison Whitford, Assistant Professor of Aesthetic andIndustrial Education. Lieutenant, United States Army.Ernest Hatch Wilkins, Professor of Romance Languages. Director,Educational Work in United States Army Camps, National War WorkCouncil, Y.M.C.A.Thomas Russell Wilkins, Teacher, University High School. Aviation Section, Signal Corps, United States Army.Fr?deric Campbell Woodward, Professor of Law. Major, Office ofProvost Marshal General, Washington, D.C.WAR SERVICE COMMITTEE REPORTSTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGORIFLE CLUBThe roster of the University of ChicagoRifle Club for the year 191 7-18 shows380 names. Of these more than 150 arenow in the service of the United States,many being overseas.The instruction of the members of theReserve Officers' Training Corps of theUniversity in rifle practice was given bythe Rifle Club. Also all home guardsand all men of the draft who came to theranges received instruction. As long asthe club was organized as a college club,home guards, drafted men, and Americancitizens — although receiving instruction— could not become members of theclub; otherwise the membership wouldbe much larger. The club is now organized both as a college and as a civilianclub, practically two clubs with one setof officers. More than 2,000 men havereceived some instruction in the use ofthe rifle, although less than one-fourth oftheir names appear on the roster. Underthe new dual organization all these mencould have become members of the club.The only question asked is, "Are you anAmerican citizen?"The indoor range is open afternoonsdaily throughout the week and also fiveevenings. More than one-half millionrounds of ammunition have been expended on the indoor range and about15,000 rounds of service ammunition onthe outdoor ranges.One great difficulty is to secure competent range officers, men who are goodshots as well as efficient and sympatheticinstructors, since almost as soon as aman becomes efficient he enlists either inthe navy or in the army.Two teams — a civilian and an undergraduate — were entered in the national indoor competition of 19 18. The undergraduate team stood twelfth among 17entries; the civilian team thirty-secondamong 83 entries. Six members of theteams — Messrs. Moss, Magor, O'Connell,Land, Chamberlain, and Cribbs — wereawarded medals for excellence in marksmanship.Difficulties in securing the use of anoutdoor range have been serious. Permission to use the army range at FortSheridan was withdrawn in May, 191 7.The club was permitted to use this rangeduring the winter of 19 18, but on June 1,19 1 8, this permission was again withdrawn.By the courtesy of Captain Moffettand Major Harllee, U.S.M.C., the clubis not only permitted to use the navalranges at Great Lakes and Camp Logan,but is made to feel that it is really welcome on these ranges. Expert individualinstructors, rifles, and ammunition arefurnished. The United States Navy hasnot been led astray by the theories ofvon Rohne, nor has it any illusions concerning the value of trained riflemen inwar. This unfailing courtesy at thenaval ranges has been the cause of manyof our most expert riflemen and promising young men enlisting in the navy.Had it not been for the interest of Captain Moffett and Major Harllee in thework the club would have had verylittle practice with the service rifle.THE ALUMNI UNIT OF THE ILLINOIS VOLUNTEER TRAININGCORPSThe Alumni Military Affairs Committee has been recruiting for the IllinoisVolunteer Training Corps. The workbegan about November 15 with a pre-THE UNIVERSITY AND THE WAR 235liminary meeting of twenty men. Sincethat time one hundred and thirty-sevenmen have been recruited, and thirty-fiveof them have been dismissed for variousreasons. Over twenty of the thirty-fivehave been dismissed to the various armyservices. Some have gone in the selective draft, others by direct enlistment.Quite a few have registered the usualexperience of securing warrants as noncommissioned and petty officers as aresult of their experience with this corps.The various army and navy services willnot accept our men unless they secure anhonorable dismissal from the unit. Ofthe one hundred and one men now on theactive list, over 40 per cent are in someway identified with the University asemployees, students, or alumni. Itsofficers were selected by election aftercompetitive tests, and are as follows:captain, George O. Fairweather; firstlieutenant, A. C. von Noe; secondlieutenant, Thomas A. Knott.The corps is known as Unit 410 andmeets regularly for a two-hour drill periodThursday evenings in Bartlett Gymnasium or on Stagg Field. It also has acompany mess on Monday at 6:30 P.M.at Hutchinson Commons, followed by anoncommissioned officer's school from7 : 00 to 8 : 00, which is in turn followed bya voluntary drill period of one hour.Six members of the corps are physicaldirectors in the Chicago high schools andhave recently spent two weeks in intensive military training at Camp Steever,Lake Geneva. During the next monththese members of the corps, two of whomare sergeants, will be put in charge of aportion of the drill periods so as toacquaint the company with the advantages received by them at the camp.The obligation of the corps is to enlistin the reserve militia of the state at thecall Of the governor for the period of anyemergency.S.A.T.C. VOCATIONAL SECTIONThe University of Chicago, in cooperation with the Committee on Education and Special Training, has sincelast April trained the following groupsof technicians for the War Department:machinists, 56; woodworkers, 196; blacksmiths, 31; auto mechanics, 65; andmiscellaneous and unclassified, 16. Thismakes a total of 384 men, most ofwhom are already in overseas service.In addition four men were sent out as assistant instructors, and eight have-been sent to officers' training camps.The men of this Vocational Sectionare sent in from draft boards of Chicagoand outlying districts. They have hadeighth-grade school training or its equivalent, some have had high-school training,a few are college graduates, and almostall are skilled or semiskilled in somevocation. Their vocations are, however,in many cases non-technical.The training covers a period of eightweeks, during which time the men arein the shops or classrooms for six hourseach day. In addition they are givenmilitary drill for two and one-half hourseach day. At the close of the trainingperiod the men are rated as apprentices,journeymen, or experts in the lines ofwork for which training has been given.A surprising number of men who enterwithout previous technical training ofany kind earn ratings as journeymenby the end of the eight weeks' course.In addition to the technical courses sofar given gunsmithing and topographicaldrafting have been added for the groupwhich began training on October 16.ORDNANCE AND QUARTERMASTERTRAININGThe course in Ordnance and Quartermaster Supply, or Stores Service, as itwas called, which was organized inthe Spring Quarter, 191 7, at the requestof the Storage Committee of the WarIndustries Board of the Council ofNational Defense, was repeated six timesduring the academic year 191 7-18.Early in May of this year the commandant, instructors, and library of the coursewere transferred to the Ordnance SupplySchool at Camp Hancock, Georgia, wherethe students accepted for the next coursewere ordered to report.Six hundred and thirty men completedthe work of the seven sections given onthe campus. Of these, 170 were alumnior former students of the University.The classes included also graduates ofother colleges, especially of schools ofcommerce and departments of businessadministration and business men withexperience in stores work.The men in the first section wereenlisted at the completion of the course,those in later sections at the beginningof the work. The members of the lasttwo sections were inducted by their localboards, sent to military posts for equipment, and furloughed to the University236 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDfor this training. The men of the firstfour groups entered the Ordnance Department or the Quartermaster Corpsas they wished, about three-fifths goinginto^ the first-mentioned branch ofservice. In November the quartermaster schools of the country were consolidated at Jacksonville, Florida, andall students of later campus coursesentered the Ordnance Department. Thecourse at the University was followedby six week's additional training at somearsenal or camp, and the men are nowserving in France and at arsenals andcamps in this country. Many havesince received commissions.The course was begun with Dean Marshall as director and the instructors ofthe School of Commerce and Administration adapting their work in businessadministration, industrial organization,accounting, purchasing, and storagemethods to problems of army supply.When Mr. Marshall went to Washingtonin November, 191 7, to advise concerningthe war-labor problems, W. H. Spencer,instructor in business law, was madecommandant of the course, and inDecember first lieutenant in the OrdnanceDepartment.A group of squad leaders or groupinstructors were developed to handlethe group conferences which formed animportant part of the all-day programand ultimately to handle some of thelectures of the course. These wereFOOD CONSERVATIONThe University of Chicago offered ashort course in canning and drying offoods during the last weeks of the SpringQuarter. This work was offered to thewomen students of the University with mainly graduate students previouslytrained or experienced in supply workand included: H. A. Blankenship,Roger I. Blatter, Leon Cohen, B. W.Cooper, H. R. English, V. E. Gutwillig,George Marks, J. O. McKinsey, T. M.White, and D. S. Whittlesey. Someof these men were detailed to otherschools, and some left to enter theOrdnance Officers' Training School atCamp Meade. Those remaining to theend of the course, together with theenlisted men of the Ordnance Department who had been sent from arsenalsor cantonments to continue the instruction work, were transferred to CampHancock when the local course wasdisbanded. Practically all of this groupof squad leaders have received commissions.During the summer Mr. Marshall andhis assistants worked out a syllabusof the course which was published bythe University of Chicago Press inSeptember as Ordnance and QuartermasterSupply. The book was used in similarcourses given at the University ofMichigan, at the Wharton School,and at various other training schools,depots, arsenals, and cantonments (17,400copies) . So great have been the changesin the organization of the supply serviceof the army during the year, however,that in the last course given on thecampus the book was largely supplantedby new, mimeographed material.the idea of giving them some concreteexperience in the preservation of fruitsand vegetables which should make themcapable of canning and drying foods fortheir own families and of helping them tostimulate increased conservation of foodRegistration by^Sections*Section Date No. of Men No. of University of ChicagoMenA May 18— June 29, 191 7June 18— July 25, 1917July 2 6 — August 31,1917October 1 — November 10, 191 7November 12 — December 21, 191 7January 9 — February 20, 191 8March 18 — April 26, 1918 65779091100103104 57B 29C 24D 19E 8F 20G 13Total 630 170* Only those who have completed the course with at least one major credit are counted.THE UNIVERSITY AND THE WAR 237supplies during the summer in their owncommunities.Each student attended a one-hour lecture on the general principles of canningand drying and a three-hour demonstration of the processes and methods usedin the canning of different vegetables andfruits. In addition, each student spentan entire day, or 7J hours, in the laboratory doing the actual work. The lecturesand demonstrations were given in KentTheater and were open to the public.The laboratory work was done in thelaboratories of the home economicsdepartment. A total of 249 studentsregistered for the. course.The attendance at the lectures anddemonstrations was large, but no attendance records were taken. The lecturewas repeated twice, May 27 and 29, andthe demonstrations three times, May 27,29, and June 3. This was done in orderto enable students to attend withoutinterfering with their regular classes.The laboratory work was taken by 157students during the eleven days fromMay 28 to June 8.The laboratory work in canning required about four hours. In this timeeach student prepared and canned atleast four different varieties of vegetablesand fruits. The class used differenttypes of commercial canners, such assteam-pressure and water-seal canners,as well as the usual household water-sealboiler method. About 750 pint jars offruits and vegetables were canned by thegroups.The laboratory work in drying includedthe drying of several vegetables andfruits and the preparation of vegetablesthat had been dried. This requiredabout 2>2 hours of work.The emphasis in the laboratory wasplaced on the household methods of foodpreservation, but some time was spenton a discussion of the methods used incommunity canning and drying projects.THE SHIPPING BOARD SCHOOL OFNAVIGATIONThe United States Shipping Boardof Navigation, under the direction ofOliver J. Lee, of the department ofastronomy, now has two hundred andthree officers licensed under the Department of Commerce after completing thecourse. These officers are of ail grades,from third mates to masters of oceanvessels of unlimited tonnage. There areat present fifty experienced seamen under instruction. These licensed men are onthe Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, theNorth Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, andthe English Channel. Only two haveso far been torpedoed. When the ship"Maski" was sent to the bottom in theIrish Sea last winter she sank in fourminutes and carried the men down with .her, but fortunately they came up without damage and were rescued. Most ofthe men, of course, desire experience inthe war zone, and the tales they bringback of pursuit by submarine, shootingup mines, dodging other vessels, andnavigating in tight quarters withoutlights make a thrilling story. A man inany class of the draft can be taken intothis service, and several have been takenout of the army after several months atcantonments to train for this work.Almost all the men going into the servicedo so for patriotic reasons. They arealso keenly aware of the tremendouspossibilities for a seafaring career in thecommercial world after the war is over.Men of all grades of training and experience take this course. Almost everyclass has one or two college men in it,sitting side by side with men who havehardly finished the grammar-school work.Day-to-day association with these menmakes it apparent that brains, ability,and human worth are not limited tothose who have had the opportunity tosecure a higher education.WAR SERVICE OF THE UNIVERSITYOF CHICAGO LIBRARIESIn November, 191 7, with the approvalof the President a temporary subdepart-ment for literature connected with thewar was established by the libraries.The purpose of this action was: (1) toprovide the University community withinforming literature for immediate reading on the progress of the war, and thequestions raised by it; (2) to collectmaterial for the future historian of thewar; (3) to begin the important taskof providing the literature by whichAmerican citizens may be prepared tomeet the new political responsibilitieswhich will come upon them in consequence of the war. It was recognizedthat the literature pertaining to the^ warwas so large in amount that the University would be compelled carefully todefine the limits of its effort, to provideonly the material which would be ofmost use for its own constituency, and238 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDto take account of the efforts which otherChicago libraries were making. As aresult of the revision of our previous orderlists the libraries are now receiving (a) acarefully selected list of newspapers,domestic and foreign; (b) the officialrecords of the United States, British, andFrench governments; (c) three of thecurrent records of the war; (d) pamphletsissued by the principal public and semi-public bodies which are issuing war literature in this form, such as the Committeeof Public Information, the Councils ofDefense, the National Security League,the American Rights Committee, theAmerican Defense Society, the VictoriaLeague, and the University of ChicagoPress. Much material has also beenreceived from Professor W. MacNeileDixon, of Edinburgh, Mr. Otto Kahn, ofNew York, Mr. Caspar Whitney, andothers. In many cases forty copies ofcertain of these pamphlets have beenbound in temporary bindings in order toprovide a large number for circulation.Pamphlets deemed of permanent valuehave been bound more substantially,either individually or in volumes. It isexpected that at the close of the war thelibraries will have complete files of themore important pamphlet series.A committee of professors from thehistory group has been co-operating withthe Director and a member of the librarystaff designated to this special work inthe selection and order of a limited part ofthe almost unlimited output of booksrelating to the war. Nine hundred andfifty books have been purchased. by theGeneral Library and the department ofhistory. The orders in all departmentsamount to approximately 1,500 titles.Section maps of the battle fronts havebeen purchased, and a weekly war-mapreview has been subscribed for. Suchwar poetry as has appeared has beenpurchased liberally, but very little fiction has been included. In general theattempt has been to select material eitherneeded for immediate class use or permanently valuable.War posters, both American and foreign, have been collected with a view totheir interest to future generations. Thenumber thus secured to date is about425-For the purpose of calling the attention of the University public to literatureon the war and stimulating its interestin it the following measures have beenused: (1) In the public delivery room ofHarper Library a collection of approxi mately 1,000 books has been maintainedon open shelves for easy consultation.(2) At the same point files of pamphletliterature have been maintained, and anattendant has been at hand to give inf or-formation to inquirers. (3) Of thepamphlets issued by the various committees and publishing houses namedabove, approximately 20,000 have beendistributed gratuitously from the desk atthis point. By the courtesy of the University of Chicago Press cards entitlingthe bearer to receive free copies of the"University of Chicago War Papers"have been given out at the same point.(4) On the first floor of the East Tower ofHarper Library near the delivery desk forreserved books, two bulletin boards havebeen maintained. On the larger oneposters and bulletins announcing thevarious campaigns for raising money forthe prosecution of the war, or otherwiseillustrating its progress, have been posted,with frequent changes of the materialdisplayed; on the smaller one importantannouncements of various character havebeen shown. (5) Near the latter boardhas also been maintained a specialreading-desk where the latest pamphletsand other unbound material pertainingto the war may not only be seen but read.Copies of some of the more importantdaily papers have also been shown at thispoint. (6) A war reading-list revisedfrom week to week has been posted onthe bulletin board near the entrance to thePublic Catalogue Room. (7) During thewinter and spring recommended reading-lists were published daily in the DailyMaroon, and additional material wasfurnished it and other University publications. (8) Posters have been issued atintervals calling attention to the warservice and to war material of unusualinterest. (9) It is believed that thesevarious forms of service have materiallystimulated the reading of war pamphlets.The entire staff of the libraries helpedduring the American Library AssociationCampaign for books for the soldiers andsailors. Approximately 8,700 books werecollected, classified, catalogued, andshipped to the various camps.Mr. Earl N. Manchester, head of thereaders' department, was given leave ofabsence during the Winter Quarter andspent the time organizing the A.L.A.Camp Library at Camp Cody, NewMexico. He has again been grantedleave of absence and has been assignedto the library at Camp Grant, Rockford,Illinois, for one year.THE UNIVERSITY AND THE WAR 239A fund for the care of two war orphansis maintained by the members of thelibrary staff.PUBLICITYDuring the Summer Quarter, becauseevery American student is now chieflyinterested in the Great War, the principalsequence of lectures was related to phasesof this conflict. The lectures arrangedby the director of University publiclectures, Professor David Allan Robertson, were as follows: James RowlandAngell, July 2, " Psychology in the Serviceof the Army"; Clifford Webster Barnes,chairman of the War Recreation Board,August 13, "War Recreation"; EthelBird, director of Work with Foreign-Speaking Men in Training Camps,National Board of the Y.W.C.A.,August 21," The Social Challenge of theInternational Army"; Fredric MasonBlanchard, July 5, "The Battle Line ofDemocracy: Prose and Poetry of theWorld-War"; Robert John Bonner,June 27, "Sea Power"; July 8, "TheConflict of Languages in the RomanWorld"; James Henry Breasted, June21, "The Near East and the Great War";Carl Darling Buck, June 25, "SpeechAffinities of the Warring Nations";Nathaniel Butler, July 22, "GermanEducation in the Light of the War";John Merle Coulter, June 28, "Botanyand the War"; Edna L. Foley, superintendent of the Visiting Nurse Associationof Chicago, July 29, "Public HealthNursing in War Time"; George BurmanFoster, August 20, "Nietzsche and theWar ' ' ; August 21," The War and Christian Ideals"; Kemper Fullerton, A.M.,Professor of Old Testament Languageand Literature, Oberlin Graduate Schoolof Theology, August 14, "Jerusalem —Past and Present" (illustrated); August15, "Jerusalem — The World-City and theWorld-War"; John Paul Goode, July26, "The Prussian Dream of World-Conquest"; Marcus Wilson Jernegan,July 22, "The Historical Background ofthe Great War with Special Reference tothe United States " ; Edwin Oakes Jordan,July 9, "Infectious Diseases and theWar"; Charles Hubbard Judd, August 16,"German Education and Its Responsibility for the War"; J. Laurence Laugh-lin, July 1, "The War and the New SocialOrder"; July 2, "Economic War Lessonsfor the United States"; William EzraLingelbach, July 29, "The Control ofCommerce in Time of War, with Sep- cial Reference to Anglo-American Cooperation"; Shailer Mathews, June 19,"Moral Values of Patriotism"; June 20,"Religion and War"; June 21, "TheService of Religion to Patriotism";George Herbert Mead, July 1, "TheIntellectual Background of the GreatWar"; Joaquin Ortega, June 26, "Spainand the Great War"; Lieutenant GuidoRoselli, July 24, "Italy and the War";Rollin D. Salisbury, July 5, "Contributions of Geology to the War"; ArthurPearson Scott, August 2, "The War asReflected in Current Cartoons"; Theodore Gerald Soares, July 4, "Fight theNext War Now"; Julius Stieglitz, July3, "Chemistry as a Factor in ModernWarfare"; James Westfall Thompson,July 15, "Jeanne Dare"; James Hay-den Tufts, August 19, "Reconstructionand Placement of the Disabled Soldier";Elizabeth Wallace, July 31," Some Phasesof Red Cross Work in France"; HarryGideon Wells, June 24, "Russia andRoumania in War Time " ; Herbert Lock-wood Willett, June 28, "America andthe World-Crisis"; George MackinnonWrong, A.M., Professor of EuropeanHistory, University of Toronto, July 10,"Canada in the War — Why and How."At the request of the Council of Defense, members of the faculty of the University of Chicago were sent to Illinoishigh schools to speak to students of theimportance of continuing their education. This campaign naturally led intothe campaign connected later with theStudent Army Training Corps, the sloganof which was, "Enlist and go to college."James H. Breasted spoke at LemontHigh School May 18; Nathaniel Butlerat Morgan Park High School May 17;J. Paul Goode at the Thornton Township High School, Harvey, Illinois,May 17. Many others assisted.THE WOMAN'S WAR AIDThe officers of this organization are asfollows: president, Mrs. Harry PrattJudson; vice-president, Mrs. FrankHugh Montgomery; second vice-president, Miss Elizabeth Wallace; recordingsecretary, Mrs. James Rowland Angell;corresponding secretary,, Mrs. RichardGreen Moulton; treasurer, Mrs. EliakimHastings Moore.The Woman's War Aid of the University of Chicago was formed throughthe efforts of Mrs. Harry Pratt Judsonand others and includes a body of general240 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDofficers, committees, and groups. Eachgroup of members has its own officers.The purpose of the organization is toco-ordinate the various activities whichmay be carried on by the women of theUniversity faculties in University families, and among students, neighbors, andfriends of the University, in the interestof aiding in various ways our own Armyand Navy or those of our Allies. Eachmember belongs to some one group andthe general officers and the chairmen ofthe groups form an executive committee.During the past year the Woman'sWar Aid received $10,000, which wasused by the following groups : Ida NoyesHall, Central Work Room, AlumnaeClub, Fatherless Children of France,Vocational Scholarship, University ofChicago Settlement League (in IdaNoyes Hall), Hyde Park Center, HydePark Baptist Church, and UniversityCongregational Church. The Ida NoyesGroup, under the direction of Mrs.George S. Goodspeed, made during thepast year 4,113 garments; under thedirection of Mrs. James W. Thompsonthe Alumnae Group made 3,610 garments; and under the direction of Mrs.William G. Hale, the Central WorkRoom made 6,158 garments.About 2,200 students and other womenduring the year prepared 79,336 garments and surgical dressings, which weregiven to the American Red Cross, theAmerican Fund for French Wounded, theItalian Shop, and the University ofChicago Ambulance Company (formerlyAmbulance Company No. 3, now Section 555). For the latter, 600 garmentsand 725 comfort kits were prepared.The Surgical Dressings Group, under thedirection of Mrs. Wilbur E. Post, organized only since the Spring Quarter, hasprovided 56,379 dressings.The Woman's War Aid of the University of Chicago is licensed by theState Council of Defense and has for itsauditor Mr. Trevor Arnett.WAR ACTIVITIES OF WOMENSTUDENTSThe committee consists of ElizabethWallace, Chairman; Edith Foster Flint,1Mrs. George S. Goodspeed, Miss A. E.Taylor, Gertrude Van Hoesen, Ernest W.Burgess, and Edgar Johnson Goodspeed.Though that branch of the Universityof Chicago War Service which is calledthe Committee on War Activities of Women Students would seem, by itstitle, to be in charge of all war work doneby women students, such is not the case.In some activities men and women haveworked together, as in the Y.M.C.A.War Fund, the Third Liberty Loan, andthe Food Conservation campaigns; inknitting no separate records of work doneby students have been kept; and variousorganizations, such as the Y.W.C.L.,the Women's Athletic Association, andthe Women's Administrative Council,have done a considerable amount of warwork. Moreover, of our 1,378 womenstudents, only 20 per cent live within thequadrangles. Many of "the rest live athome, where their war activities areconnected with those of their families,neighborhoods, or churches.The work has been done by the executive committee of a central student committee, sitting with the chairman of thefaculty committee and advised by thefaculty committee. Meetings of the executive committee have been held everyThursday, the faculty committee hasmet on call, and the executive committee has made reports to the facultyand central student committees quarterly.The work of this executive committee hasbeen deserving of much praise in itsintelligence and steady devotion. Themembership for 191 7-18 consisted ofFlorence Kilvary, Matilda Bertrams,Helena Stevens, Lois Hostetter, andHelen Thompson; for 191 8-19, ofKathleen Foster, Helen Moffett, LyssaChalkley, Dorothy Lardner, and HelenThompson.The work has been organized in threefields: Publicity, Red Cross, and SocialService. Publicity (Helena Stevens,1 91 8, chairman of committee) has beensecured through ^posters, talks in chapeland elsewhere, and the Daily Maroon.The Daily Maroon has had a regularweekly "Women's War Work" columnsupplied with local news and with material released by the Committee onPublic Information and has besidesprinted for us other material.The Red Cross Committee (LoisHostetter, 1918, chairman) has had noofficial connection with knitting. It hasaimed to secure workers for (1) Red Crosssewing, whether in the regular workroomsat Ida Noyes, in the Halls, or at home;and (2) surgical-dressings work at Lexington. It has worked both throughcampus organizations and through individuals. The average weekly attend-1 Chairman during absence of Miss Wallace in France, 1917-18.THE UNIVERSITY AND THE WAR 241ance in the sewing-rooms at Ida Noyesworked up in the Winter Quarter to90 (three afternoons a week) , while in thespring it fell off. In the winter the average weekly attendance in surgicaldressings was 20, in the spring 60 (6 daysa week). Reports on workrooms in theHalls do not come to this committee.The committee secured as speakers inthe Halls Mrs. Gordon Wilson and Mrs.Nora Welch Crump, head of the surgical-dressings shop at Marshall Field's.The Social Service Committee (HelenThompson, 1910, chairman), securedon printed blanks a large registrationof women students. The stubs wereclassified and have rendered valuableservice to this committee, to the social-service committee of the League, andto others, such as Mr. Knott in hiswork with the foreign-language newspapers. The social-service work doneunder this committee has included:(1) Christmas work at the Stock YardsDay Nursery, the Burnside Settlementand the Home for Incurables. (2) Regular work at United Charities, Universityof Chicago Settlement, Chase House,Bohemian Settlement, Fellowship House,and Stock Yards Day Nursery. (3) Workon milk survey. (4) Work on a ward survey, involving the making of a warddirectory and a ward map and thefurnishing of certain specified data foreach ward. This work, designed to showthe resources of each ward for war andpeace, was undertaken at the request ofthe Women's Division of the StateCouncil of Defense. Of the 35 wards, 16were surveyed by women secured bythis committee. (5) Work on a food-conservation campaign designed to follow up the rally addressed by the FederalFood Administrator for Illinois. Thisinvolved the placing of government andother posters in the Commons, IdaNoyes Refectory, the Halls, and thefraternity houses, the placing of scientifically prepared food exhibits in thefirst three, and the contribution of specialfood articles, secured from Miss Colby,of Miss Colburn's staff, to the DailyMaroon. (6) Arrangements for sendingthe Daily Maroon in weekly bundles toour men in service. (7) Collecting oftextbooks and other books for the soldiersand sailors. (8) The planning and carrying out of three parties at Ida Noyesfor men of the Great Lakes Station. Atthese parties, after an afternoon ofdancing, dinner was served. The dinner,provided by funds given by the Women'sWar Aid, was cooked and served by women students. (9) Assistance insecuring publicity for the plan of theWoman's Land Army. (10) Work inthe National Child Welfare Campaign.Chapel speakers from the Women'sCommittee of the State Council of Defense spoke on three days; 83 womensigned up as willing to aid in theweighing, measuring, etc., of children,and at a meeting later in Ida Noyes35 were assigned definite work.It should be understood that the workhere touched upon by no means represents all that women students of theUniversity have done for the war duringthe past year. It takes no account, forexample, of the women now working onthe farm at Liberty ville, or of manyother activities.During the Summer Quarter the attention of the committee was directed to astudy of vocational opportunities forwomen. With a view to correlating thefacilities offered by the University forpreparing women to take advantage ofwar opportunities, a pamphlet was prepared and sent to all women students.This eight-page pamphlet described ingeneral terms the positions open, withthe range of salaries, in each case listedthose university courses recommended fortraining, and gave the name of the instructor to be consulted. The preparation of this pamphlet led to a discussion ofthe best method of directing students intheir preparation. The Woman StudentTraining Corps is the result. The corpsis under the direction of the War Activities Committee consisting of a FacultyCommittee and a Student ExecutiveCommittee. The work of the corpscomprises: (a) academic work requiringchoice of an essential occupation andpreparation for it; and (b) social andphilanthropic work including social service, Red Cross work, hostess-house work,and the service of information and publicity. The efficiency of the work of thecorps is secured through (a) militaryorganization, the individuals of which willbe responsible to the officers of theirrespective units for their academic work,social and philanthropic work, andhealth; (b) military drill conductedunder the advisement of the commandingofficer of the S.A.T.C, under the direction of the department of physical cultureand athletics, and with the aim to securethe release of time and energy for theachievement of academic and socialand philanthropic work through simplicity of dress and increased physicalpowers.THE NEW DOCTORATE FOR THERESEARCH STUDENTS AT THEUNIVERSITY OF OXFORD1By REV. E. M. WALKERFellow of Queen's CollegeThose students from American universities who wished to pursuea course of advanced study (a postgraduate course, in American phrase;research work, as it is commonly called at Oxford) have hitherto foundthemselves under certain disabilities. They found it difficult to discoverwhat courses of postgraduate study were offered them, and who theteachers in the different subjects were; if they wished to become membersof the university, they had to matriculate as ordinary undergraduatesand to rank as Freshmen; and the only degrees within their reach werethose of B.Litt. and B.Sc, the value attaching to which seems to havebeen imperfectly appreciated in America. The statute recently passedby the Convocation of the University of Oxford has introduced sweepingchanges in all three respects. It is not too much to say that it is one ofthe most revolutionary statutes ever made by the university.i. A special committee has been constituted to organize courses ofpostgraduate study and to circulate information regarding them. Itis a small, working committee, and it includes among its membersscholars of such eminence as Professor Gilbert Murray, the professor ofGreek; Professor A. C. Clark, the professor of Latin; Professor C. H.Firth, the professor of modern history; and Sir Paul Vinogradoff, the professor of jurisprudence. The program of advanced studies, which is tobe drawn up and circulated among the universities of America, will givethose who are thinking either of taking a postgraduate course at Oxfordor of spending a term or two there in order to do a particular piece of workunder some particular teacher the fullest information as to the opportunities and facilities that the university affords. The program will givean account of the various university institutions (libraries, laboratories,and so forth) ; it will supply a list of all the lectures and courses of instruction that are suitable for advanced students; and it will furnish thenames of all, whether professors or college tutors, who are prepared tosupervise research work in each department of study. The first programwill have to be issued under war conditions. It can, in the nature of1 Reprinted, by permission, from the American Oxonian, Vol. V, No. 2.242NEW DOCTORATE AT OXFORD 243things, afford little more than an indication of what can and will beprovided when more normal times return. At present most of ouryounger teachers are serving in the army and many of the oldergeneration are engaged on work for the government in some departmentof state.2. The postgraduate student will no longer have to enter the university as an ordinary undergraduate. He will still have to matriculateas a member of a college, or as a non-collegiate student; but he will nolonger have to matriculate as a Freshman. A new status, that ofadvanced student, has been instituted, and it is marked out by a gownof its own. The advanced students will not be regarded as ordinaryundergraduates, either by the university or by the colleges. It isprobable, for instance, that in the college halls they will sit at dinnerwith the Bachelors of Arts, or at a separate table of their own.3. The university has instituted a new degree, that of Doctor ofPhilosophy, which will be accessible, under certain conditions, to postgraduate students, a^nd that after three, or in some cases two, years ofresearch work. Hitherto no doctorate has been accessible until approximately ten years after matriculation. What, then, are the conditionsrequired for the new doctorate ?a) The first qualification is that of admission to the status ofadvanced student. To obtain admission to this status there are certainconditions which have to be satisfied:(1) Both the university from which the student comes and the degreewhich he has taken at that university must be approved by the Committee for Advanced Studies. It may safely be assumed that theordinary degrees of any American university of good standing would beaccepted.(2) The course of study at the university in America must haveextended over four years.(3) The student must produce evidence of his fitness to engage inresearch work. This evidence would, as a rule, take the form of testimonials from the professors at his university who are familiar with hiswork.b) The research work must be carried on under supervisors. Assoon as the student has been admitted as an advanced student, supervisors, one or two in number, will be appointed whose duty it will beto direct and supervise his work. The supervisor is not expected togive tuition, in the ordinary sense of the term. The amount of assistancethat the supervisor may be able to give will depend partly on the needsof the student and still more on the nature of the subject of his research.244 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDWhere the research is carried on in some branch of natural science, thestudent will be working in a laboratory, under the eye of the supervisor,with whom he will be in daily intercourse. On the literary side toothere are subjects, such as palaeography and papyrology, in which it isprobable that the student would work in constant touch with his supervisor. Where, again, there were sufficient students in a subject to permitof the formation of a seminar, the student would get all the advantagesof such a system. In many cases, no doubt, all that the supervisor wouldattempt, and all that it would be desirable for him to attempt, wouldbe to direct the student to the best sources of information available;and all that the student would want would be to consult his supervisorwhen in need of advice. Lectures too will play a more important partin some subjects than in others. In subjects such as modern history orEnglish literature, courses of lectures and instruction for advancedstudents, extending over two years, will be organized.c) The student will be required, in ordinary cases, to spend ratherless than three years on his course of research work. If he is admittedas an advanced student in the October term of one year, he cannotobtain the degree of Doctor of Philosophy until the summer term of thethird year following.There are, however, two very important qualifications of this condition to be borne in mind:(i) The whole period of three years, approximately, need not be spentat Oxford. All that is required is that six terms, i.e., two academicalyears, shall have been spent in Oxford as a matriculated member of theuniversity. The remainder of the course may be pursued elsewhere.(2) The period of three years is reduced to two years (and a littlemore) if the student has done satisfactory research work at his formeruniversity. In effect, the University of Oxford will recognize, to theextent of one year, a course of research carried out at an Americanuniversity.d) The last condition for the Doctorate of Philosophy is a dissertation, in which the results of the candidate's course of research is tobe embodied. The dissertation must either have been actually published, or it must have been accepted for publication. Before thedegree can be granted the committee must be satisfied that arrangementshave been made for the publication of the dissertation. The dissertationmust, of course, be approved by the examiners appointed for the purpose,but the degree is not to be granted merely on the strength of the dissertation. The candidate must submit to an examination, not only in thespecial subject of his dissertation, but in matters relevant to it. ANEW DOCTORATE AT OXFORD 245candidate who took, for instance, Richard Cromwell as the subject ofhis dissertation would be expected to give evidence of acquaintance withthe general history of the Commonwealth period.It cannot be too clearly understood in America that the studentsfor whom this new scheme, and the new doctorate, is designed are those,and those only, who are qualified by their previous education to undertake a course of special study or research. We in Oxford are convincedthat for the ordinary student premature specialization is a bad thing.For such students our Honor Schools afford a far better training. Thesort of work that will be required for the degree of Doctor of Philosophyis work of a high order, and work that is presented in literary form. Andit is hoped that many of those who come to Oxford to study for the newdegree will have already done some research work in America.There remain one or two further points to which it may be well tocall attention.It is probable that there will be many students in American universities who might wish to spend two or three terms at Oxford, but whowould not be able to afford the two or three years required for theDoctor's degree. Such students, although they will not be qualifiedfor the Doctor's degree, will be able to make full use of the courses ofadvanced study which will be organized, as well as to take full advantageof all the opportunities for advanced work that Oxford offers in the wayof libraries, collections, institutions, and so forth.Again, it should be remembered that it is one of the peculiarities ofOxford that there are resident in the University many teachers of reputewho are not members of the professoriate. It would be easy to drawup a list of men whose university rank is merely that of a college tutorand yet whose attainments are admittedly on a level with those ofteachers who elsewhere enjoy the title of professor.Finally, it may be pointed out that the new scheme contains thegerm of a principle of the utmost importance — that of mutual recognition. What is really needed is that work done at Oxford shouldcount toward an American doctorate, and that work done in an Americanuniversity should count toward an Oxford doctorate. Nothing could bebetter calculated to promote at once the interests of higher studies anda better understanding between the best intellect of America and thebest intellect of England than a general acceptance of this principle ofmutual recognition. A step has been taken in this direction in the newstatute. It may be only a small step, but it is a step in the right direction. Is it too much to hope that the action taken by the Universityof Oxford may evoke a response on the other side of the Atlantic ?EVENTS: PAST AND FUTURETHE ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTHCONVOCATIONThe One Hundred and Eighth Convocation was held in Leon Mandel AssemblyHall, Friday, August 30, at 4:30 p.m.The Convocation Orator was the Honorable Francis Warner Parker, A.M., LL.D.,who delivered an address on "The Franco-American Alliance."The award of honors included the election of eleven students to membership inthe Beta of Illinois Chapter of Phi BetaKappa.Degrees and titles were conferred asfollows: The Colleges: the certificate ofthe College of Education, 9; the degreeof Bachelor of Arts, 2; the degree ofBachelor of Philosophy, 98; the degreeof Bachelor of Science, 38; The DivinitySchool: the degree of Master of Arts, 10;the degree of Bachelor of Divinity, 2 ; thedegree of Doctor of Philosophy, 4; TheLaw School: the degree of Doctor of Law,5 ; The Graduate School of Arts, Literature,and Science: the degree of Master of Arts,53; the degree of Master of Science, 15;the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, 17.CONVOCATIONSDuring the past year the ConvocationExercises have been governed by theplan outlined herewith and now publishedfor general information:At the end of the Spring Quarter(June) all the customary exercises willbe held including those of Alumni Dayand College Day, the Convocation Religious Service, the Convocation Reception,the Luncheon for the Doctors of Philosophy, and such other exercises as mayfrom time to time seem advisable.At the end of the Summer Quarter(August) the only exercises held will bethe Religious Service, including thesermon, and the Convocation Exercisesat which degrees are granted. Theaddress will usually be given by somemember of the staff in residence for theSummer Quarter only. The Convocation Reception will not be held. Instead,there will be instituted after the war a reception to be held at the beginning ofthe Summer Quarter.At the end of the Autumn Quarter(December) the only exercises will bethe usual exercises on ConvocationSunday and the Convocation Exercisesat which degrees are granted. At thelatter there will be no address. ThePresident's Statement will be somewhatemphasized. After the war it is intendedthat there shall be in October a formalreception for the faculty, trustees, andfriends in the city.At the end of the Winter Quarter(March) the only exercises will be thoseof Convocation Sunday and the Convocation Exercises at which degrees aregranted. An address will be given bysome member of the faculty of theUniversity.THE OPENING OF THE AUTUMNQUARTERThe first assembly of the Student ArmyTraining Corps is described on page 219.Of course this meeting was the most significant one of the early days of theautumn, for toward it and the properconduct of work connected with it allenergies had been bent during manypreceding weeks. The plans of the WarDepartment were dominant in thethoughts of the members of the facultiesat their annual dinner and in the minds ofall at the commemorative chapel service.The Annual Faculty Dinner was heldat the Quadrangle Club (HutchinsonHall having become an army mess hall)on the evening of October 2. Nearlyone hundred and fifty members of theUniversity were present. Major HenryS. Wygant and the officers of the StudentArmy Training Corps were special guests.Vice-President James Rowland Angellwas chairman in the absence of PresidentHarry Pratt Judson. Professor AndrewCunningham McLaughlin spoke impressively of his experiences in Great Britainduring the recent months, dwellingespecially upon the democracy and idealism of Great Britain. Vice-President246EVENTS: PAST AND FUTURE 247Angell, as a member of the War Department Committee on Education andSpecial Training, explained the purposeof the War Department in establishingthe new corps of the army. He extendedon behalf of the University a cordialwelcome to Major Wygant and hisofficers. Major Wygant replied.At the commemorative chapel serviceheld in Leon Mandel Assembly Hall,Friday, October 4, at 11:15 A-M-> tneusual simple exercises were marked bythe addition of a statement by the Vice-President of the University regardingthe Student Army Training Corps andthe national crisis and by the singing of"The Star-Spangled Banner." A cabledmessage from President Judson arrivedtoo late for the service.GENERAL ITEMSYour Business and War Business is thetitle of a war pamphlet issued by theUnion League Club of Chicago, the author of which is Associate ProfessorHarold G. Moulton, of the departmentof political economy.. The Renaissance Society of the University of Chicago conducted an exhibitionof timeliness and artistic quality — JosephPennelFs lithographs of war work, bothBritish and American. The exhibitionwas held in the Museum of the ClassicsBuilding, from August 1 to August 14.The first edition of The University ofChicago: An Official Guide, prepared byAssociate Professor David Allan Robertson, secretary to the President, has beenexhausted, and a second, revised, andenlarged edition has just been issued bythe University of Chicago Press. It givesinformation about the University, including the most recent plans for the newmedical schools, the La Verne NoyesFoundation, and the proposed buildingsfor the various seminaries affiliated withthe University — the Chicago TheologicalSeminary, the Disciples' Divinity House,and the Ryder (Universalist) DivinityHouse.The University preachers for theAutumn Quarter at the University ofChicago are as follows:The first speaker in October wasPresident James Gore King McClure, of the McCormick Theological Seminary,Chicago, who spoke on October 6.October 13 was Settlement Sunday.The November speakers are as follows:Nov. 3, Professor Edward A. Steiner,Grinnell College, Grinnell, Iowa; November 10, Professor Francis GreenwoodPeabody, of the Harvard Divinity School;November 17 and 24, Bishop CharlesDavid Williams, of Detroit, Michigan.In December Bishop Francis JohnMcConnell, of Denver, Colorado, willspeak on the first two Sundays, andDecember 15 will be Convocation Sunday.A group of courses in fundamentalbranches for student nurses will be givenduring the present Autumn Quarter andin the Spring Quarter of 19 19 in cooperation with the Children's MemorialHospital of Chicago, which is now affiliated with the University and whosestudent nurses will take the course.The group is intended primarily to givewomen preparing to be professional nursestheir training in the fundamental sciences— anatomy, physiology, physiologicalchemistry, dietetics, bacteriology, andhygiene.At the same time it is considered thatthe group of courses will offer to collegewomen not specializing in the biologicalsciences an excellent opportunity forsecuring such a knowledge of the humanbody and its organs, and of their functionsand their protection against disease andabuse, as should prove to be most usefulin their home and family life.The unexpected death at the Presbyterian Hospital in Chicago, after a surgical operation for cancer, of Samuel Wendell Williston, Professor of Paleontologyin the University of Chicago, brought tothe scientific world the loss of one of itsablest and most versatile members. Amemorial service will be held during theAutumn Quarter and a memorial statement will appear in the January numberof the University Record.PRESIDENT JUDSONThe latest cable from President HarryPratt Judson, of the University of Chicago, who is en route to Persia as thechairman of the American Commissionfor Relief in the Near East, was sentfrom Bombay, India. His itinerary so248 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDfar has taken him, first, from New Yorkto London, where he remained threeweeks in order that the British government might have time to arrange forthe protection of the party across theMediterranean and in all British ports.From Paris President Judson and othermembers of the Commission went toRome, thence to Taranto, the port ofembarkation for Egypt, and continuedtheir journey from Cairo, by way of PortSaid and the Suez Canal, through theRed Sea to Aden. From the last-namedport they crossed the Arabian Sea andthe Indian Ocean to Bombay. FromIndia they are expected to go by shipand rail to Bagdad, where other members of the Commission will join them;and thence by automobile to Teheran,the capital of Persia. President Judsonwill probably return to the Universityof Chicago about January i, 19 19.GIFTS TO THE LIBRARYEugene Field Collection. — The EugeneField Collection was a notable additionmade during the summer by Dr. Gun-saulus to his previous contributions ofrare books and manuscripts. This timehis gift embraces chiefly books, manuscripts, and letters of Eugene Field.The gift is of particular interest to theUniversity because of the high positionwhich its library already has attained inthe field of American literature, owingchiefly to the generous gifts of Mrs.Francis Neilson. ,The collection just presented by Dr.Gunsaulus numbers 27 volumes (23titles) and 7 letters and manuscripts.Of the latter, the one likely to be ofgreatest interest to students and admirersof the popular poet is the original manuscript of his "Temptation of FriarGonsol."While known to a limited number ofbook lovers and bibliographers, theaverage reader and perhaps even manylibrarians are not aware of the fact thatFriar Gonsol is none other than Dr.Gunsaulus himself. The second friaris Bishop Frank M. Bristol, now ofChattanooga, Tennessee, formerly one ofChicago's most eminent divines. Bothof these reverend gentlemen weremembers of the literary set which frequented the Old Book Shop and Mc-Clurg's famous Saints and Sinners'Corner. Both were, like Eugene Field1 The "Prayer" was written for Dr.when he was in sore need of certain copp himself, keen and persistent collectors,and were numbered among his closepersonal friends.Another manuscript of note is the"Bibliomaniac's Prayer"1 in Field's ownwriting, dated Chicago, 1892, the textbeing as follows:"Keep me, I pray, in wisdom's wayThat I may truths eternal seek;I need protecting care today —My purse is light, my flesh is weak.So banish from my erring heartAll baleful appetites and hintsOf Satan's fascinating arts,Of first editions, and of prints.Direct me in some godly walkWhich leads away from bookishstrife,That I with pious deed and talkMay extra-illustrate my life."But if, O Lord, it pleaseth theeTo keep me in temptation's way,I humbly crave that I may beMost notably beset today.Let my temptation be a bookWhich I shall purchase, hold, andkeep,Whereon when other men shall look,They'll wail to know I got it cheap.Oh, let it such a volume beAs in rare copperplates abounds —Large paper, tall, and fair to see,Uncut, unique, unknown toLowndes.""Echoes from the Sabine Farm" isrepresented by the identical copy, onJapan paper, presented by Francis Wilsonto Dr. Gunsaulus. On the recto of thefirst flyleaf is written the following:"From Francis Wilson to Dr. F. W.Gunsaulus who loved Eugene Field andwhom Eugene Field loved. Chicago,March 5th, 1896." Following this leafand preceding the half-title is an insertwith an autograph poem of Eugene. Field.The University library may consideritself fortunate in having among itsfriends and benefactors a man who combines with an extensive knowledge ofbooks a keen appreciation of the importance of preserving in an institution likethe University of Chicago the collectionhere briefly described. It is hoped thatthe donor will at some future date consentto give some account of his personalrecollections of the poet as well as of hisown experiences as a collector of booksand manuscripts.Gunsaulus and dedicated to him at a timeEVENTS: PAST AND FUTURE 249Reformation manuscripts and books.—Mrs. Emma B. Hodge has recently madethe following important additions to herprevious gifts of books and manuscriptsof interest for the Reformation period :1. The Wittenberg edition of Luther'sworks in the original hogskin binding, intwelve volumes. Several printers havehad to do with the different volumes,which are variously dated from 1556 to1570, among them being Hans Lufft,who has printed Volume 10 and alsoVolume 12. All the volumes seem to becomplete, including title-pages, exceptthe last, which lacks the title-page.2. An original copy of Luther's catechism, the title within woodcut bordersreading: Deudsch//Catechis-//musMart. LutherThe colophon states that it was printedat Wittenberg by Georg Rhaw in 1529.3. An original copy of the AugsburgConfession, printed at Wittenberg andedited by Melanchthon, dated 1531. ALatin quarto, being the editio princepsin the original boards.4. The Augsburg Confession in German, the original quarto edition with theApology. It contains the colophon withdate 1 53 1, and printer's name GeorgRhaw at end on a separate leaf. Thecolophon is lacking in many copies, whichhas given some bibliographers the impression that the Confession was printed in1530.5. Melanchthon's funeral oration onLuther, translated by Caspar Creutziger,dated 1546.6. Official account of Luther's death,prepared immediately upon his decease,by Justus Jonas, Michael Caeiius, andothers who were present, dated 1546.On the verso of the title-page is a bustportrait of Luther with his name encircling it. This copy contains a bookplatewith the legend "Mente Libera. Cham- pel." The design is Calvin preaching,with the towers of Geneva in the background.An early American manuscript. — Dr.William Allen Pusey, of Chicago, hasrecently presented to the UniversityLibraries a manuscript volume of exceptional interest. It includes "WilliamBrown's Journal of His Journeys fromVirginia to Kentucky, by the WildernessRoad in 1782, by Fort Pitt and the OhioRiver in 1 790." There is also bound withit a photographic copy of WilliamBrown's map of Kentucky, probablymade in 1782 at the time of his first tripto Kentucky. The original is in thepossession of Owsley Brown, of Louisville, Kentucky. In addition there isa photograph of Filson's map ofKentucky, which, according to ColonelDurrett's supposition, must have beenmade from two to four years later thanthe one prepared by Brown. A preliminary note, inserted after the title-page, gives the following facts in regardto the author of the manuscript and hisnotebook :"William Brown was born in HanoverCounty, Virginia, in 1758. He obtainedby patent from Virginia in 1784 a tractof one thousand acres of land located nearthe present Hogdenville in La RueCounty, Kentucky. He died at hishome on this farm in 1825 and wasburied in the family burying groundthere. This note book passed from himto his youngest son, Alfred MackenzieBrown, of Elizabethtown, Kentucky, whodied in 1903 at the age of ninety-one. Itwas given by him to his grandson, WilliamAllen Pusey, of Chicago."The latter has had the volume reboundby the Monastery Hill Bindery inmaroon-colored morocco and furnishedwith a case of the same material. It isone of the finest specimens of bindingwhich has come to the UniversityLibraries during recent years.250 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDw t*» H 00 On h O On J> 0 CM 1 ^^ CM to CM t>.CM tr 1>» Tt" Tf cr CM O to On VO t^ 06 CO H CM VO 00 00J 1. vo0 : \CM 00 O ONtJ M M O On w 0 On h r-vo CO MOO lO CO i> Tf lO ON 0 VO TfCO J> VO IONO N. CM 00 VOOO CM tx H VO M C 3 CO 00 M CO c^ CO CO 0 On co^ H 3 C» -^ CM U- > CO 1-^ M CM CM 0^ oq_ CM vO^0 H H H? 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O Tf cot^OC to r- w t- t-» CO O to t- 00 00 Tt" cv 3 VO CO M • 3 to Tf O vOH 00 w 3 CM^ CO CM C ¦) On cn TfH cm" H CO COTf c h co t1- cm vc CM to ON CM 1- O CO CM CM • On vo Tf On00 T 1- CO CM H H to 00 On h to COHtf £ f^ CM H C- to CM^ VO 1> O^ O^vo C VO IOVO 1- CM 00 O vo vc CM CO tO H T f co vo to On • C 00 Tf TfiSi 00 t t" CM to O VC CM Tj- O Th H VO t» Tt" C< -3 to CO 3 lO CM Tf On vO coS lO H M V- Th On ^. " Tf CO Jen" . • 1 i-J « .is :H W 1 * S OOWOCOyAO <utf U en :Q < oi2 a :! ^t: ! a • t: •00'So0'0'. (L 1 > •tr 1 • ° : 1||• 3 §'£' O O fl^ 2^ 13a.2to"ouPw >'30 %15 Ho £, 01 c2 c 55 g g'l-S i £ J.St*3 o,E \ 3 1 1 »¦3 0 1 -6.S3 Hggx CE- 131 130H 1*) ocot^>£ 5 & QOPU ^O0Or^t 3 ^OOOUP HHfi M* *co Tf lOi_; hHINDEXAnnual Audit of the Board of Trustees,20.Appointments, 16, 78, 134, 189.Athletics, Intercollegiate, 13.Attendance: Autumn, 7; Winter, 68, 74;Spring, 129, 166; Summer, 250.Board of Trustees: annual audit, 20; appointments, 16, 78, 134, 189; death of:Judge J. Otis Humphrey, 188; Professor Galusha Anderson, 188; DupontFellowship, 133; Fleischman Fellowship, 81; gifts to the University, 19;honorary degree withdrawn, 77; instruction of enlisted men, 133; LaVerne Noyes Foundation, 184; leavesof absence, 17, 79, 136, 190; LibertyLoan, 19; medical schools, 80; officersof the Board, 134; organization ofmedical work in the University underthe new plan, 137; President Judson'smission to Persia, 133; promotions, 17,78, 135, 190; resignations, 17, 80, 136,191; retirement, 19; Ryder DivinitySchool, 20; school for mechanics fromNational Army, 77; Standing Committees, 189; Statutes of the University, 191; Student Army TrainingCorps, 185; Telegram to PresidentJudson, 133; University Chapel, 187;Woodlawn House, 134.Convocation Addresses:— One Hundred and Sixth Convocation: The Right Hon. and Most Rev.Cosmo Gordon Lang, The Universitiesand the War, 69.— One Hundred and Seventh Convocation: The Very Rev. Sir GeorgeAdam Smith, The Universities and theWar, 119.— One Hundred and Eighth Convocation: The Hon. Francis WarnerParker, The Franco- American Alliance,167.Doctorate, The New, for the ResearchStudents at the University of Oxford(Rev. E. M. Walker), 242.Events: Past and Future: American University Union in Europe, 63; Convoca tions, 246; general items, 57, 109, 159,247; gifts to the Library, 248; Milne-Shaw Seismographs installed in theWeather Bureau Observatory, in;One Hundred and Fifth Convocation,57; One Hundred and Sixth Convocation, 109 (see also 69); One Hundredand Seventh Convocation, 159 (see also119); One Hundred and Eighth Convocation, 246 (see also 167); Openingof the Autumn Quarter, 246; PresidentJudson, 247; University Preachers: forAutumn Quarter, 246; for WinterQuarter, 60; for Spring Quarter, 109;for Summer Quarter, 164.Fellowships, The Award of, 19 18-19, I3:4»Franco-American Alliance, The (TheHonorable Francis Warner Parker),167.German World-Politics, The Threat of(President Harry Pratt Judson), 22.Gifts to the University, 19, 66, 81, 137,192, 193, 248.Goodspeed, Thomas W., La Verne Noyes,194; Mr. and Mrs. Eli Buell Williamsand Hobart W. Willians, 152; WilliamB. Ogden, 83.Helen Culver gold medal, award of, 57.Illustrations: TJie Masque of Youth, preceding p. 1 ; The Right Honorable andMost Reverend Cosmo Gordon Lang,facing p. 69; William Butler Ogden,facing p. 83; The Very Reverend SirGeorge Adam Smith, facing p. iig;Thomas Chrowder ChamberEn, facingp. 140; Eli Buell Williams, facingp. 152; Hobart W. Williams, facingp. 154; The Williams Home, facingp. 156; The Williams Building, facingp. 156; La Verne Noyes, facing p. 167;Ida E. S. Noyes, facing p. 194; TheHome of Mr. and Mrs. La VerneNoyes, facing p. 208; Mrs. Noyes,facing p. 214; To the Colors," facingp. 219.Judson, President Harry Pratt, TheThreat of German World-Politics, 22;253254 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDaddress of welcome to ProfessorThomas G. Masaryk, 161.Lang, The Right Hon. and Most Rev.Cosmo Gordon, The Universities andthe War, 69.Leaves of absence, 17, 79, 136, 190.Liberty Loan, 19, 161.Masque of Youth, The, preceding p. 1.Medical Schools, The, 80, 137.Medical work of the University, Organization of, under the new plan, 137.Milne-Shaw seismographs installed in theWeather Bureau Observatory, in.Noyes, La Verne (Thomas W. Good-speed), 194.Ogden, William B. (Thomas W. Good-speed), 83.Parker, The Honorable Francis Warner,The Franco- American Alliance, 167.Portraits of Eli Buell Williams, HobartW. Williams, Thomas ChrowderChamberlin, Presentation of, 140.President's Convocation Statement, The:at the One Hundred and Fifth Convocation, 7; at the One Hundred andSixth Convocation, 74; at the OneHundred and Seventh Convocation,129.Promotions, 17, 78, 13 5, 190.Quarter-Centennial Publications, 48.Resignations, 17, 80, 136, 191.Retirement, 19.Ryder Divinity House, Plans of the,61.Smith, The Very Reverend Sir GeorgeAdam, The Universities and the War,119.Standing committees, 189.Student Army Training Corps, The, 185,219. Threat of German World-Politics, The(President Harry Pratt Judson), 22.Universities and the War, The (The RightHon. and Most Rev. Cosmo GordonLang), 69.Universities and the War, The (The VeryReverend Sir George Adam Smith), 119.University and the War, The: EmergencyCommittee, 226; general items, 49,105; general research* and training, 53;making of an officer, 55; medical workand training, 51; members of the University Faculties in national service, 7,131; military training, 49; officers ofthe University in the service of thenation and its Allies, 226; PlattsburgTraining Camp, 107; Publicity, 54;Quartermaster and Ordnance servicetraining, 51; relief and social work, 55;scientific research and training, 52;University of Chicago war service, 226;War Service Committee reports, 234.University Faculties, Members of the, innational service, 7, 131, 226.University Preachers: for Winter Quarter, 60; for Spring Quarter, 109; forSummer Quarter, 164; for AutumnQuarter, 247.Vice-President's Quarterly Statement,The, 183.Walker, Rev. E. M., The New Doctoratefor the Research Students at the University of Oxford, 242.War Service Committee reports: alumniunit of the Illinois Volunteer TrainingCorps, 234; food conservation, 236;Ordnance and Quartermaster training,235; publicity, 1239; S.A.T.C. vocational section, 235; Shipping^ Boardschool of navigation, 237; Universityof Chicago Rifle Club, 234; war activities of women students, 240; warservice of the University of ChicagoLibraries, 237; Woman's War Aid, 239.Williams, Mr. and Mrs. Eli Buell andHobart W. Williams (Thomas W.Goodspeed), 152.