The University RecordVolume II JULY I916 Number 3CONVOCATION ADDRESSES1ON BEHALF OF STUDENTS IN RESIDENCEBy JAMES OLIVER MURDOCKPresident of Undergraduate CouncilMr. President, Friends, and Members of the University:An old professor once said, "A university would be a splendid placeto live, if it were not for the students." Here today among all thisacademic splendor, it is the student in the plain black gown who givesmeaning to this mighty University. It is only fitting, therefore, that heshould be represented at this Quarter-Centennial Celebration. It is thisthought that gives me, a mere student, the courage to raise my humblevoice among such distinguished speakers on so august an occasion.For the student can say a word that no one else can say quite asappropriately. The Founder of the University may express his opinionas to the degree of success attained by the institution, the Faculty members may tell us of their hopes and plans for the future of the University,the citizens of Chicago may express their pride in the institution, but itremains for the student more than anyone else to speak of love andgratitude.When Daniel Webster was trying the Dartmouth case, it is said thatthere was not a dry eye in the house when he uttered the words, " Gentlemen of the jury, I know Dartmouth is a small college, and yet there arethose who love her." It is as difficult for a man to tell why he loves hisAlma Mater as it is for him to explain why he loves his mother. A manloves his mother for the long days and nights of tender and watchful careshe gives him, but he loves her most of all because of the ideals which1 Delivered on the occasion of the Ninety-ninth Convocation of the University ofChicago, held in Frank Dickinson Bartlett Gymnasium, June 6, 1916.109no THE UNIVERSITY RECORDshe implants in his breast. We love our University because she hastrained us and taught us, we love her for her unmixed unselfishness, butwe love her most of all because of the ideals, hopes, and aspirations shehas filled us with.The ideal situation is present in every part of our University. We areinspired by the instruction and achievements of great scholars on theFaculty, who are leaders in their respective branches of study. We arealso inspired by the presence of great personalities who have given andare giving their whole lives to the University. With such examples ofmanhood and womanhood as we have before us on the Faculty, we areever fired with greater ambition to live lives of real service.Our very surroundings are inspiring. There is Harper MemorialLibrary with its two splendid towers rising into "the hope-filled westernskies." Just to contemplate the beautifully proportioned building fromthe Midway causes us to thrill, throw back our shoulders, and take afirmer grip on the best that is in us. The Mitchell Tower Group is oneof the most impressive structures of academic architecture in this country.The fine lines of Ida Noyes Hall and its wonderful interior are inimitablein their beauty. These structures and many others bring to the studentthe best examples of the best in architecture.But in contemplating the future, we are even more deeply inspiredby the comprehensive scope of the plans of the University. Ground wasbroken only today at noon for the new theological building, a magnificentchapel will soon rise from the center of the block on which the President'shouse now stands. And then, the day will come when both sides of theMidway will be lined with massive gray structures, which will be thebuildings of the greatest university in the world.It is the ideal environment and the comprehensive plan of the University that give us as students broader concepts and greater perspective.We have an ideal situation right before our eyes. The impulse to followthe great example is so strong that we naturally take over this idealisminto the mapping out of our own careers. We rejoice as students thatwe are here today, for we shall go out stronger men and women withwider visions. For countless blessings, but mostly for the ideals andhopes she has inspired us with, we express our deepest love and gratitudeto the University of Chicago.THE CONVOCATION ADDRESSES IIION BEHALF OF THE ALUMNI OF THECOLLEGESBy WILLIAM SCOTT BOND, PH.B,Chicago, 1897It is my privilege to endeavor to voice the sympathy and interestand the congratulations of the Alumni of the Colleges at this time, whichmarks the completion of twenty-five years of the life of our University,We feel that we have an essential part in the felicity of this occasion —the part of members in a family reunion which gives us opportunity fora renewed expression of our unfailing interest and loyalty and of ourpride in the success and prosperity of our foster-mother.There are many within the sound of my voice who, twenty years agoat this season, were here celebrating the visit of the Founder of theUniversity. Those of us who were then undergraduates have a vividmemory of this campus as it was then and of the few buildings andvacant spaces of that time. The years have mellowed our memoriessince the "Autumn of 1893." Even the old Gymnasium and the Commons under North Divinity are now the sources of pleasant remembrance, so kindly is speeding time. In these twenty-five years beautyhas come upon this land left waste by the great exposition, and now wemay look around us upon the gray and green of our own city dedicatedto the spirit of which its form is so beautiful and appropriate an expression. Here just on the edge of the clamor and strife of the great cityin a quiet haven of Gothic beauty, refreshing and stimulating in theatmosphere it creates and yet growing with the vigor of life that characterizes the larger community of which it is a part, is a great university —the youngest of the great universities of this country.It was at first no more than an idea possessing the mind of the greatman who with enlightened wisdom and irresistible energy planned theliberal outlines of its growth, who laid the broad foundations for itsstructural progress, and directed the wonderful development made possible by the unprecedented confidence and beneficence of the Founder.That leader who gave his life and strength without reserve and, afterfourteen years of unceasing labor and constant inspiration to those abouthim, died in the midst of his accomplishment, holding the light of his highpurpose upward and forward to the end. No anniversary meeting suchas this today would be complete without our reverent acknowledgmentof the life and service and accomplishment of William Rainey Harper.112 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDWe congratulate ourselves that when he was taken, the leadershipwas given into the sure and experienced hands of the man who has carriedthe great work forward ever since, until now the University is recognizedas one of the great active educational forces in this country — preparingthousands of men and women for their part in the life of the community,equipping them with the intellectual resource for raising that life higher,laying the sure foundation for effective service and accomplishment inthe professional vocations, and veritably extending its influence andenterprises into the most remote parts of the world.With the passing years, too, the great city which is about the University has come to have a deep pride in the dignity of its purpose andthe success of its accomplishment, and constantly offers co-operationand substantial support.I speak, Mr. President, for the Alumni of the Colleges, the men andwomen who, after the usual course of four years' residence here, haveentered the various vocations of our citizenship or have followed thespecialized education of the professions. There are now more than sixthousand of us besides several thousand who share with us our filialattachment to our Alma Mater but who were obliged to end their residence here before completing the requirements for a Bachelor's degree.It is this division of the Alumni who are most strongly attached andmost loyal to their Alma Mater. Our University life has been at a timewhen associations and friendships are eagerly sought and generouslygiven, when social expansion is inevitable — a time when hopes are highand there is zest in life, when kindly and pleasant memories are madewhich are with us the rest of the way we have to go. Of such are thereasons for our unfailing loyalty to our University. She has given us,beside an intellectual equipment, a treasure of memories pricelesslyprecious because they are not measurable by material standards —memories that are kept with increasing affection as we grow older andbecome more and more possessed by the life of the world.We live in the greatest industrial community in the world. Nowhereis the population more mixed in its elements. Nowhere does the efficiency and sufficiency of the government so depend upon the reactionof the individual citizen to the call of a social conscience. The community rightly expects a special service from the college graduate, andcollegiate alumni have a special responsibility to the community. Theyowe a public service of unselfish and intelligent activity, and if they failof this service, by so much they fall short of making a just return forwhat has been given to them.THE CONVOCATION ADDRESSES "3May I say that this University may well find satisfaction in theaccomplishment of its Alumni, in the positions they have taken in theirseveral communities, and in the promise of their further advancement.This anniversary finds them distributed in all parts of the world. Thelist of their activities is too varied to review here, but their work andtheir positions are a credit to their Alma Mater, and there are many casesof especial distinction of which she may well be proud.Of those things recently accomplished by Alumni organization andmost nearly connected with the University I have in mind especiallythe loyal work of the Alumni Council, the placing of the Alumni Magazineon a sound financial basis, and the establishment by the Chicago AlumniClub of its student loan fund.The Alumni constitute the greatest potential asset of this or anyother university. It is to them that she may always turn for assuredinterest and assistance — they are a large number of active men andwomen bound to the University by an interest and loyalty which isentirely unselfish, by an affection which endures with their lives. Otherthan a university, what business enterprise (and a university on one sidemust be a great business enterprise if it is to grow and prosper), whatother business enterprise has such a body of disinterested supporters,unfailing in loyalty with no thought of recompense? There is noneother. If there were such a business and such a body of men and womenaffiliated with it, in the wisdom of its management no expense of timeand effort would be spared to "grapple" those by "their adoption tried"to itself "with hoops of steel."Mr. President, on behalf of the Collegiate Alumni, I congratulatethe University upon this occasion and express our pleasure in having apart in it. Twenty-five years have passed — a third or possibly a half ofthe lives of most of us, and yet only the infancy of the life of a greatuniversity. In that infancy has come this marvelous transformation.Now, we are in the atmosphere of a great institution of learning, and thereal spirit of a university broods over the life of this campus. Thesegray walls and towers speak clearly of the life within them, and as wereturn, as is our pleasant privilege, year after year to this serene graybeauty, to these green lawns and sweet chimes, these "gardens spreadto the moonlight," in the words of that lover of Oxford who so beautifully expressed her spirit, we proudly greet our "sweet city with herdreaming spires — she needs not June for beauty's heightening."H4 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDON BEHALF OF THE ALUMNI OF THEGRADUATE AND PROFESSIONALSCHOOLSBy EDWIN HERBERT LEWIS, PH.D.Chicago, 1894Mr. President: I have the honor to bring you the most cordialcongratulations of your graduate and professional alumni. I bring alsothe expression of their lasting gratitude, of which the fuller body andtissue is recorded in their letters and their conferences.The first conference of this memorable week was that of your Divinitymen. So widely scattered are their churches that on some the morningstar is even now shining. But to them the passing of five and twentyyears brings no dismay, for here they learned that an eternal qualitymay be given to every moment of time. From all their hearts therecomes to you the salutation in Christ, in whom to be enriched is to beenriched in all utterance and all knowledge. And from all their churchesarises the prayer that God may bless the University.Next your Physicians salute you, and the very word carries thewish for health. Twenty-five years ago the physican was still regarded,rightly or wrongly, as a master of anatomy and mystery. Today heis obviously a physiologist and an educator. But for such changes,your graduates could not have beheld the mastery of those obscure andchronic infections which yielded to no magic and no medicament; orof those acute infections which have been brought under control byserum therapy; or of those tropic infections the prevention of whichrenders the Panama Canal a greater triumph for medicine than forengineering. May heaven grant your medical alumni such devotionas lived in that young physician whose memory you have recentlyhonored. And may you, Sir, speedily be granted the righteous wishexpressed in your last report — full provision for clinical medicine,hospitals, and laboratories.From a conference with their colleagues in philosophy, physiology,education, political economy, political science, history, sociology, andanthropology — a conference to consider problems of national progress —come now your Bachelors of Law and Doctors of Jurisprudence. Inall the annals of the bar, had ever counsel such counsel! The eventseemed to your lawyers big with promise, for here they long ago learnedto recognize something larger in its operation than any legal institution,a movement vast and humane which is slowly making for the equityTHE CONVOCATION ADDRESSES "5of the individual in human achievement. It proceeds against obstaclesof inertia and passion, and at cross-purposes, without due organization,but here your lawyers learned the true nature of their own task — notto delay but to advance that completer social consciousness which is theguaranty of every right.Their debt is shared by the alumni of your School of Commerce andAdministration. Though business communication now passes roundthe earth through barriers of race and religion, it is still checked bybarriers of misunderstanding. And yet, in the words of an Americancapitalist, "Must it not be that an age which can bridge the Atlanticwith the wireless telephone can devise some sort of social X-ray whichshall enable the vision of men to penetrate the barriers which havegrown up between men in our machine-burdened civilization?" Yourgraduates return after experience in affairs to acknowledge the help theyhere received toward the understanding, not merely of industrial relations, but of human beings in industrial relations.And now, Mr. President, your Teachers present themselves oncemore before their masters. You sent them out in the morning of life,and they have not forgotten their morning wishes. They include thegraduates of your School of Education, thousands of your Masters ofArts and of Science, the majority of your nine hundred Doctors of Philosophy, and many a graduate student who took no degree, but whosemanhood or womanhood we delight to honor. Once, Sir, they praisedtheir masters, for praise befits the audacious lips of youth. But nowthey hesitate. Now they understand the words of Goethe: "Againstthe superiority of another there is no defense but love."As they reflect upon their own troubles, it dawns upon them thatso far as you prevailed with them, it was probably by indirection, stealth,main strength, or the grace of God. They find youth less malleablethan they had thought. But your Teachers waste no time in blamingthe ancestors. They will blame only themselves if they fail to heat,mold, and temper the iron of irresponsible individualism into an irondevotion to social ends.For research, in the rigorous and productive sense of the word, someof your Doctors of Philosophy never showed a native endowment. Butthat was not true of some who long since ceased to hope to enlarge theuniversitas of knowledge. Is it safe, Sir, to speak of self-made men ofscience ? Should we have had ought but silence from Charles Darwinhad he been compelled, in the caustic words of Descartes, to make abusiness of science ? For one Broca, fighting his way up through povertyu6 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDto eminence, we have many a Spencer enabled by modest furniture offortune, and many a James Watt saved as if by fire. I like to think,Sir, of that first steam laboratory in the world, the little room grantedby the college in Glasgow to the young instrument maker. I like tothink of the good lift given him by Joseph Black, the obscure discovererof latent heat. And it is a satisfaction to report to you that some ofyour defeated investigators have still been able to encourage investigation, and will live in their pupils.But it is a greater satisfaction to all your Doctors of Philosophy tonote so many of their own number, here in the University itself, engagedin research and the direction of research. Drawn here by your nuclearmen, they are themselves becoming nuclear men. It is possible to read,in your annual reports, the record of the important investigations inprogress. It is not possible, however strong may be the tendency ofthe sciences to seek unity and a common curve of direction, for anyliving man to grasp the sum total. We cannot even truly watch yourexplorations within the incredibly intellectual structure of what is stillcalled matter and the audacious ideals of what is still called mind.Crescat scientia, vita excolatur — it becomes with us a matter of faithin you. We rest assured that here are exercised the most humaneardor and the most perfect impartiality that may coexist in humanbeings.Long ago, Sir, we ceased to magnify distinctions between useful anduseless research. One of our number — and I make the allusion merelyto illustrate the point — has succeeded in isolating the electron andmeasuring it. He did so in the passion of pure research, with no thoughtthat those about him would be able, by electronic devices, to render thehuman voice sharply audible at a distance of five thousand miles. Butfor them the practical problem was the pure problem. And by all thatwork, whether nobly disinterested or nobly interested, every alumnusis nobly benefited.Mention of the electron suggests other units with which your graduates have pursued their labors. They range from the imponderableatomic propositions of modern logic to the ponderable atom; from theatom to the gaseous star; from the cell to the person, the family, thestate. Few, perhaps, of these individuations are true invariants.They are multiplied beyond ideal necessity. They are disparate, separated by gulfs over which the light wings of analogy may flutter, butwhich are not likely to be closed save by centuries of hard thinking.And yet — from out the electromagnetic tissue of things — we have seenTHE CONVOCATION ADDRESSES 117emerge the star-drift, the spiral nebula, the planet, and at last thecellular bloom which flushes the rock with life and then engraves it withdeath. Precarious within that film of life, threatened with annihilationthe moment we lapse into reverie, we nevertheless perceive and useinfinities. At any point between the electron and the inconceivablewhole, some science, equipped with its own working unit, can arrestthe vision, stain some bit of the connective tissue, draw the abstractionnear, and apply it to the enrichment of life.It is true that the feat is never perfect. The connective tissue of theuniverse does not stain well in all its parts. And the calm which is soessential to achromatic vision is often shattered, beholding the tragicmisuse of knowledge, and life enriched only to be destroyed. Indeed,our habitual sense of the waste of life is so keen that no war — even ondays of peculiar disaster — can much increase it. But in spite of all —though vision should prove only the vision of an awful beauty, andthough enrichment should prove only renunciation — nothing can persuade your scientists and humanists that vision is in vain. An unmoved faith still moves us. At the close of your quarter-century ofirreversible and irrevocable progress, and at the opening of your secondquarter-century, while yet the beloved voices of the heroic dead linger inour ears, we salute you with one voice: Crescat scientia, vita excolatur!ON BEHALF OF THE FACULTIES OF THEUNIVERSITYBy THOMAS CHROWDER CHAMBERLIN, PH.D., SC.D., LL.D.Professor of Geology and Head of the Department of Geology and PaleontologyWhen the University of Chicago was founded, a quarter-centuryago, the higher educational institutions of America were rather assemblages of colleges and professional schools than true universities. Thecollege idea — training in determinate knowledge, long tested and fullyapproved — dominated even those institutions that assumed the nameuniversity. The true university idea — training in the power of independent inquiry, had, indeed, an initial foothold, but institutionsdominated by research were rather fond dreams than actual realizations.Even these dreams were fashioned largely along the lines of the greatuniversities of Europe. These universities, as we realize today morekeenly than we did then, inculcate points of view that are national orracial, rather than those highest ideals that spring from the broadestoutlook on the interests of humanity.u8 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDThe evolution of a true American university, with scholastic sympathies as broad as the limits of inquiry, with altruistic devotion asbroad as humanity, was then no more than a hope of the future.Yet the germ of this high ideal had found lodgment in the fertilebrains and the large hearts of those who laid the foundations of thisUniversity. The realization, however, was a task of the future, a tasknot only of years, but of decades. Almost of necessity, at the outset,this University, like other universities of America, was dominantlycollegiate. The college factor took precedence; the university factorwas rather an embryo than a complete organism. But from the veryoutset, the collegiate training in things determinate was given a trendtoward a later training in research and in creative work. The ideal ofthe true university was ever present, shaping the collegiate substructureto serve as a secure foundation for the university superstructure thatwas to rise upon it.To the task of organizing the new University, the faculty cametogether from the four quarters of the earth. Rarely, if ever, at theinauguration of an institution of learning, have there gathered from somany lands such varied academic experiences and such diverse pointsof view. Not only from the east and west, the north and south of ourown continent, but from the Old World and from far away lands, menand women rich in experience, serious in purpose, came together tocounsel and to construct. There were indeed antagonistic views andsharp challenges of the educational worth of both the old and the new.With apologies to Kipling, it may be said that the East was East and theWest was West, but the twain did meet and fuse into an alloy strongand fit.Our great first President, as a skilled metallurgist, summoned eachand all to cast into the melting-pot his contribution to the issues inhand. With masterly skill, he stirred the heterogeneous ingredientsand watched with obvious delight the fusing process as the fires grewhot. There were seethings and vaporings, but when these had passedoff, there remained the goodly residue sought. Tried thus in the crucibleof conflict, the seasoned product was cast into the molds which wereto give shape to the policies and practices, the statutes and regulationsof the young institution.Not infrequently, the first castings ill fitted the places for whichthey were devised, but they were promptly thrown again into the furnaceand recast in better molds. And so the mechanism of the youngUniversity, planned in the main by our great leader, but bearing, inTHE CONVOCATION ADDRESSES 119large degree, the impress of each and all, grew rapidly into an organization of unusual efficiency.The first period of the University was necessarily constructive.There were no cloistered retreats, there were no classic shades on thiscampus during that era. There was only the sound of the hammer andthe hurrying feet of the builders, whether the building were material,or intellectual, or spiritual.Then came the second period of the University, an epoch of annealing, of strengthening of fiber, of more deliberate crystallization of ideas,of closer adjustment to working conditions, of perfection of educationaltechnique. During this period, the collegiate organization departedgradually, considerately, step by step, from the old ideal in which training in inherited thought was an end in itself, toward the new ideal,which centered on training in what has been achieved as a basis forpersonal achievement in what has not yet been won. The collegiatework, losing nothing of the old vitality, has taken on the new vitalitythat springs from the spirit of research, from aspiration toward creativescholarship. More and more have these noble aspirations come to bethe goal of all from the youngest student to the most venerable instructor.We fondly hope the true American university will never lose the essenceof collegiate training founded on the vital truths garnered in the longpast, but rather will make the solid attainments of the past the stepping-stone for a firmer tread toward the attainments yet to be won. Thegrowth of this higher scholarly spirit is the greatest of the attainmentsof the University thus far. There is nothing upon which the friends ofthe University may congratulate themselves more unreservedly thanon the rising quality and the laudable attitude of the student body; thegrowing dominance of faithfulness, of serious purpose, and of decorum,has been rarely equaled and never surpassed.The easement of the constructive stress of the first period, madepossible, during this second period, a degree of devotion to originalresearch and creative scholarship not previously possible. It is perhapsnot too much to claim that, during this period, our institution has fairlyentered upon a creative epoch. The publications of the Universitybear to every continent the products of inquiries pursued in these halls.These products are already finding their way into the very web andwoof of the higher thought of the thinking world.This higher work of the University invites further organization andfuller endowment. The work of research must indeed be spontaneousand free; large room for personal initiative and un trammeled freedom120 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDin the sincere pursuit of truth are indispensable prerequisites, but, lessthan in any other enterprise, is there room for license or erraticism.New truth, in precise determinate form, is the fruitage of well-directedpersistent toil. This is perhaps true in a fuller and more specific sensethan attaches to fruitfulness in any other industry. One may, indeed,sometimes find apples in the woods and diamonds in the gravels, but towander in the woods or to play with pebbles is as truly a productiveindustry as a haphazard hunt for truth under the illusion that it is a giftof the gods to a favored few. And so, the organization of research notonly, but the very special co-ordination of workers — where the field isintricate — is an indispensable condition of the fullest realization ofthe great opportunities that lie before the rising generation.During this second period, there have been spontaneous advances,here and there, toward such helpful co-operation, with fruitful results.This is a ground for a growing confidence that such co-ordination willbecome a declared feature of the higher organization of research underthe auspices of the University that we hope lies in the near future.We bear our portion of the responsibility for delay in such higher organization. Two prerequisites inevitably rest with the faculty: (i) ademonstration of a productive capacity that shall give good warrantto generous friends that investments in mining for truth offer fair hopesof adequate returns; (2) spontaneous evidence of such aptitude forcombination as shall give assurance of the co-operation of the talent andthe toil necessary to solve the intricate intertanglements of cause andeffect that underlie the great problems of life and of the world thatenvelops and conditions it. Given these two demonstrations on ourpart and the burden of responsibility passes from the toilers of thefaculty to those who have the power to give completeness to theendeavor.If these demonstrations are not yet adequate, we must toil on inpatience and hope until the degree of working efficiency and of productiveness among ourselves shall be so declared as to command theconfidence of those who sincerely desire to place their wealth where thereturns will be, at once, greatest and most lasting. We may trust thatthey know, as well as we, that vital truth is a wealth that never dies, thatworks unceasingly, that gains by use, that multiplies its values in proportion as it is dispersed.Rejoicing in the past, modestly proud of the two fruitful periodsthat have already passed, grateful for the aid to larger and larger usefulness that has come to us as the years have gone by, we look withTHE CONVOCATION ADDRESSES 121hope and confidence to the coming third period of the University, whosemost signal feature, we trust, will be the higher organization and thefuller endowment of original research and creative scholarship.ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEESBy MARTIN A. RYERSONPresident of the BoardFifteen years ago, on the 18th of June, under a great tent pitchednear the center of the main Quadrangle, were held the ConvocationExercises in which culminated the Decennial Celebration of the University of Chicago.The brief period which had then elapsed has now lengthened to aquarter of a century, and we have again come together to review thepast, take account of the present, and interrogate the future.The first decade of our history had in many respects an interestand a significance which no other period could attain, for within it fellthe foundation of the University and the eventful, formative years ofits youth.At that first celebration we stood near to the stirring events of theearly days. We had come safely through all perils; we had questionedthe community and the times and the answer had come — unmistakable.Our efforts had met with generous encouragement. We had foundthat there was a great work for us to perform. We were about to continue that work under the most favorable auspices and could look forward with confidence to an ample measure of usefulness.But the fifteen years which have followed have so far surpassed ourexpectations, have been so unexpectedly fruitful of growth and accomplishment, and have assumed such importance in the development of theUniversity that we approach this Quarter-Centennial Celebration with anenthusiasm and a gratitude no less than those inspired by the Decennial.We do not, of course, on this occasion, limit the retrospect to thelater period, but it is interesting to detach it for a moment and considerhow far it has carried us beyond the point attained in 1901. An adequate description of the progress made is not within the competence of thisbrief address; only a few of the elements involved can be touched upon.In the choice which I must make, speaking on behalf of the Board ofTrustees I shall dwell upon the great material development of the University not because we think that the record of achievement finds thereits most significant expression, but because as essential means to an122 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDend questions of finance, of building, of equipment must awaken thesolicitude of the Board and because the recital of the generosity withwhich these material needs have been met discloses a public sympathyand support which could have been inspired only by the greatest confidence in the ultimate value of our work.At the time of the Decennial Celebration, the endowment of theUniversity was, in round figures, $6,500,000. At the present time, theendowment in hand exceeds $22,000,000, and a further sum of $4,000,000is pledged, a large portion of which will be added to endowment.The budget expenditures for the year 1900-1901 were $775,000,toward which Mr. John D. Rockefeller contributed $225,000. Thebudget of the present year calls for an expenditure of $1,800,000, all ofwhich will be met from the income of the University.In June, 1901, the University occupied twenty-two buildings;during the Decennial Celebration there were laid the cornerstones offour more. These have been completed and to them eighteen havebeen added. Among the buildings completed since 1901 we have:Hitchcock Hall; Mandel Hall; The Reynolds Club; The MitchellTower; Hutchinson Hall; Emmons Blaine Hall; The Bartlett Gymnasium; Belfield Hall; The Law School; The Harper MemorialLibrary; The Grand Stand on Stagg Field; The Kelly Memorial(Classics Building); Rosenwald Hall; Ida Noyes Hall. In additionfunds have been provided for the erection of a University chapel anda building for theology.The value of the scientific equipment has increased from $390,000to over $700,000, and the number of volumes in the libraries has attainednearly 600,000.To the campus have been added by purchase and gift fifty acres.The total assets of the University have more than trebled. Furthermore, the Board has been enabled to establish a system of RetiringAllowances and provide for its anticipated requirements.I must leave to others the presentation of the gratifying statisticsrelating to the growth of our educational work and pass to some furtherconsiderations which suggest themselves today.We are impressed by the fact that twenty-five years, though fewin the life of a university, are many in the lives of men, when we contemplate the changes they have brought about in the Faculties and theBoard of Trustees.A decade has passed since the great first President of our Universitywas taken from us, and each year bears testimony to the wisdom andTHE CONVOCATION ADDRESSES 123foresight with which William Rainey Harper conceived and organized,and for fifteen years directed, the work whose success we celebratetoday. His memory is treasured and his fame is secure.Fortunate it is that the task thus relinquished devolved upon oneeminently qualified to carry it on. To the success of President Judson'sable and constructive administration the record of the last ten yearsbears ample testimony. In facing the future, he has our entire confidence and our warmest personal regard.We pay tribute here today to other members of the Faculty whomdeath has called — men who built into this edifice the accomplishmentof lives devoted to scholarship and to humanity.Of the twenty-one members of the Board of Trustees in office in1901, eleven still serve in that capacity. We have to mourn the loss bydeath of George C. Walker, Edward Goodman, Henry A. Rust, DavidG. Hamilton, and Enos M. Barton, all able and faithful workers whosenames will always be associated with the upbuilding of the University.Of the first Board of Trustees, but five are still members.Among members we have lost by resignation, mention should bemade of Mr. Frederick T. Gates. Mr. Gates, as secretary of the American Baptist Education Society and as one of the incorporators of theUniversity, rendered services in connection with the founding of thisinstitution which cannot be overestimated. He served as member ofthe Board of Trustees from 1896 to 19 10, and his interest in the University has never flagged.In 191 2, Dr. Thomas W. Goodspeed retired on account of age fromthe office of Secretary of the Board, which he had held since the firstorganization. Dr. Goodspeed was also an incorporator of the University, and for several terms a Trustee. The great part he took in itsfoundation, together with his long and valuable services, make it fittingthat I should express here the esteem in which he is held by the membersof the Board and their gratification that in other capacities he is stilldevoting himself to the University's welfare.The Decennial Celebration was made memorable by the presenceof the Founder of the University, Mr. John D. Rockefeller. To thedebt of gratitude which we acknowledged at that time, succeeding yearshave greatly added. To him we owe more than to all others combinedthe wonderful increase in resources I have described, and in him we havealways found the most perfect understanding and sympathy. Weregret that Mr. Rockefeller could not be with us today. We like tobelieve he would find here assurance that his benefactions have been124 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDwell placed and that the benevolent objects he had in view are beingattained.Fortunately his son is here as his representative, and we welcomeMr. John D. Rockefeller, Jr., not only in that capacity but for his ownsake, as a former member of our Board and one who has always takenthe deepest interest in our work.When all the elements of growth and progress, material and intellectual, which have marked these fifteen years have been enumerated,there remains the fact that this enumeration alone does not completelydefine what has taken place. Between the University of ten years ofage and the institution of today there is a difference which quantitativeterms cannot express, and for which terms of quality hardly suffice.It is not only that the University has become larger, nor, as we trust,that it has become better: it is that it has taken more definite form.It is a. question of attainment, the attainment of an educational as wellas a corporate entity. During the first years the University was ina formative state, endeavoring to adjust itself to the various forcesacting upon it, forces derived from the experience of older institutions,forces originating within itself, forces of tradition, forces of innovation.Today, it has come to the full consciousness of its own form and substance, and before the world its name evokes a clear conception.To these ends: growth, progress, individualization, have contributedabove all the scholarship, the teaching ability and the scientific andliterary productiveness of the members of our Faculty, but to them havealso contributed not only the achievements of our alumni but theirdevotion and solidarity.Upon our alumni, who are showing so well during this celebrationtheir interest and enthusiasm, must rest more and more, as the yearsgo by, responsibility for the welfare and usefulness of the University ofChicago. They share now in the keeping of many of the refining influences of student life, traditions which make for the amenities of existence,ideals which carry one beyond utilitarian conceptions of the aim ofstudent endeavor. Experience has taught them how much of the beautyand happiness of life we owe to things enfranchised from the limitationsof practical service.In looking to the future, we feel that with increase of prestige andinfluence there rest upon us the greater responsibilities which prestigeand influence bring. We must be prepared to meet them.While the individuality we have attained should remain clear andwell defined, it should not become rigid; it must ever shape itself toTHE CONVOCATION ADDRESSES 125meet the changing times. Only thus can the influence of the Universitybe maintained and its great purpose be served.The spirit of educational pioneering which marked the rapid expansion of our earlier years must remain with us in our more deliberateprogress. Slow to cast aside the tried for the unknown, we must remainreceptive to new ideas and new methods and react to them as theystand the test of examination and experiment.Above all must we strive to be among the leaders in the path American universities are so brilliantly following, the path of investigationand research.A university is to be likened, not to a fountain whose borrowedwaters suffice only to slake the thirst of those who seek them, but toa living source o'erflowing to swell the great stream of learning. Therefore our endeavor must be not only that here the thirst for learning besatisfied and men and women be trained in accordance with the highestintellectual and moral ideals, but that the University of Chicago remainever true to its motto and through its contributions to the increase ofknowledge aid in the enrichment of life.ON BEHALF OF THE CITIZENS OF CHICAGOBy HARRY A. WHEELERTo be permitted to represent the citizens of Chicago in extendingcongratulations to the University of Chicago upon the occasion of itsQuarter-Centennial Celebration is a high privilege, but to attempt adequately to acknowledge the debt of this community and of its citizensto this institution is a task wholly beyond my powers.If you will not think meanly of my conception of the constructiverelationship existing between this great University and the city in whichit is located; I am sure that I can more quickly make my point if I reducethe elements of its usefulness to the material standards by which we areaccustomed to judge other contributing agencies.In the development of a city we measure its progress by industrialgrowth, commercial distribution, banking resources, increase in population, and the creation and maintenance of cordial relations with theoutside world. That industry which yearly multiplies its productivecapacity, whose product is regarded with increasing favor in the marketsof the world, and whose payroll provides a livelihood for thousands ofpeople, is given a high place in considering the factors that make for126 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDthe upbuilding of a city; but among all of the splendid industries inChicago, can you name one whose plant can compare with this plant inphysical value or physical beauty, or whose product reflects more ofcredit upon the community than the finished and efficient humanproduct which yearly passes from these halls ?That great commercial house which distributes its commodities farand wide, whose open stocks make Chicago a great market, and whosepolicies in trade uphold the good name of a great commercial city, isapplauded as a constructive force. Yet of our great commercial houses,which can compare with this University in the breadth of territory overwhich its product is distributed; or whose policies, no matter how creditable, can compare with the influences which flow forth in an unbrokenstream from this institution to all parts of the world ?What increase in banking resources is comparable to the wealth-creating power of the University as it multiplies the earning capacity ofthousands of men and women through bringing well-trained and well-filled minds to a hundred professions and vocations ?What agency operating for increased population can compare withthe drawing power of opportunity here offered, or induce, either permanently or temporarily, such an influx of new blood of the highestcharacter into our city's life ?And in the field of creating a cordial regard for Chicago, whatinfluence can compare with the long procession of men and women whocome to dwell with us for a while to absorb something of the spirit ofthis city, to know her ideals, to understand her ambitions, to becomeacquainted with her institutions, and then go forth into the world, holdinga great love for Alma Mater, the by-product of which must be representedin good will toward the city itself ?Besides these persistent and far-reaching influences exerted on thepart of the University, there are innumerable others, only two of whichmay here be mentioned, and that because they are direct in their effect.The Department of Chemistry, of which this University has goodreason to be very proud, has contributed enormously to the industrialwelfare and to the wealth of Chicago. It has shown us in many wayshow the waste of yesterday may be made the wealth of today. It hasgiven us the choice of the best trained men for the chemical laboratoriesof our industries, and has brought us into immediate touch with thelatest developments in the science of chemistry, a factor of incalculablevalue in a great city like Chicago.THE CONVOCATION ADDRESSES 127And then I would mention your Department of Political Economy.At the head of this department for many years you have had a manwhose work in and out of the University is better known and appreciatedby the commercial and financial interests than that of any other singleman in the institution. This year, I understand, he terminates hisactive relation to this department and retires to a well-earned rest andan opportunity to satisfy some of his ambitions in leaving to the worldin permanent form the results of his research and experience.A few years ago, when it became evident that a great campaignmust be carried on in behalf of monetary legislation, we all turned involuntarily to the University of Chicago and asked you to give us the Headof your Department of Political Economy, J. Laurence Laughlin, as theleader in this important campaign. You made the sacrifice and thenation was profited by it, for the result of his leadership is well known,and the enactment of the Federal Reserve law was, in a large measure,the result of his untiring energy, as the law itself bears the stamp of hisindividual genius and thought more than it does the impress of any othersingle mind that had to do with furthering this most constructive pieceof legislation.So, if I interpret the spirit of Chicago's citizenship aright, itwould dictate a word of grateful appreciation to the Founder of theUniversity, who, with his representative here today, typifies more perfectly than any other personality in the nation that sense of stewardshipwhich is so much preached and so little lived — to the Founder would beexpressed a thankfulness that success in the field of commerce madegreat benefactions possible, and that a passion to benefit mankindinduced the distribution of a part of the fruits of such success into thefield of education through the medium of this institution.Grateful recognition would also be expressed to the Trustees of thisUniversity, who have so wisely directed its affairs, and to those friendswhose gifts, individually and collectively, are in evidence upon everyhand and have so greatly added to the efficiency of this plant.Nor would the citizens of Chicago forget to voice their thanks tothe Faculty of the University, whose service and personal sacrifice haveadded so much to the intellectual, spiritual, and material wealth of thiscity and of the nation at large.Last, but not least, the spirit of Chicago's citizenship would dictatethanks to the class of 1916. It has been a privilege to have such a bodyof young men and women resident here during the period in which you128 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDwere becoming better fitted for life's work. You have made your sacrifices, and you have won this first goal toward which you have set yourfaces. If you remain with us, we shall be delighted to have your activeand intelligent service in the community. If you go from here to otherparts of the world to take up your work, we shall hope that our interestin you, which unconsciously will follow you wherever you go, will bereciprocated by a continued interest in this city and its affairs anda loyalty to Chicago that will lead you always to look upon it with pleasureand with favor.To the Founder and other generous friends the dividends of suchan investment may seem intangible, but to the city, and, in fact, to thenation, the dividend upon the investment is a concrete thing to beexpressed in terms of gratitude, and almost to be expressed in terms ofmaterial wealth.Now, while the city of Chicago is under a great debt to the University, there is also an obligation on the other side which should notbe forgotten.No university has a more wonderful laboratory in which to workthan that which is provided by this great city, so cosmopolitan in itspopulation, so far-reaching in its influences, and so sympathetic in itssensibilities.The needs of the hour are many, but more than any other is theneed for careful, scientific research into the commercial conditions thatare likely to obtain after the close of the war, and the University ofChicago can do a great constructive thing if, out of its generous endowment, funds can be provided to create the greatest Graduate School ofCommerce to be found in any part of this country. Such a school,centered in such a laboratory, having for its purpose intensive researchinto the complex phases of our commercial life, would contribute notonly infinite value to the community, but, through the community, tothe world at large.Chicago rejoices in the great success and in the achievements of theUniversity, just as the University rejoices in the great development ofthis city. Our interests are common and our dependence upon eachother will be increasingly a matter of delight as we strive together, on theone side to create a community worthy of such a great institution, andon the other to give to the community highly intelligent co-operationin every phase of its development.THE CONVOCATION ADDRESSES 129ON BEHALF OF THE FOUNDERBy JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER, Jr.Mr. President and Friends:I have the honor to be here today as the representative of theFounder. I recall as though it were yesterday his conferences regardingthe inception and organization of the University with its first President,Dr. Harper, who may well be called the father of the University — a manof marvelous vision, boundless ambition for his child, and tireless energy.Later it was my privilege for some years to serve on the Board of Trustees as one of the Founder's representatives. Thus I came to know andesteem my fellow-members and to acquire the highest regard and admiration for the President of the Board, Mr. Ryerson, whose broad culture,great wisdom, sound judgment, and untiring devotion have played a mostimportant part in the successful development of the University. Subsequently also I came to know and to value as my warm friend yoursecond President, Dr. Judson, an efficient administrator with conservative judgment, good business ability, and a judicial temperament,under whose wise leadership the University has solidified its foundations,strengthened its organization, and extended its boundaries.I am the bearer of a letter from the Founder, which, with your permission, Mr. President, I will read at this time.New York, May 24, 1916The President, Trustees, and Faculties ofthe University of Chicago:Gentlemen: It is to me a matter of sincere regret that after careful considerationI have been forced to the conclusion that it would be inexpedient for me to attempt tobe present in person at the celebration of the Quarter-Centennial of the University.I cannot refrain, however, from sending you a word of greeting, and expressing myprofound admiration for the great work which you and your predecessors have accomplished in so short a period. Under the marvelous constructive genius of your greatfirst president, William Rainey Harper, and the wise and helpful control of theTrustees, the physical, intellectual, and spiritual foundations were laid with a breadthand depth which none of us would have ventured to hope for at the beginning. Afterhis lamented death the University was singularly fortunate in finding, as his successor,President Harry Pratt Judson, under whose conservative leadership the work hasbeen solidified and wisely extended. The faithful and painstaking care of the Trusteeshas been beyond all praise, and that it has approved itself to the citizens of Chicagoand the nation is evidenced by their generous and continued financial support, ofwhich the splendid gift of Mr. Hobart W. Williams is a recent and most gratifyingexample.The unselfish and devoted work of the members of the various faculties in theinstruction of youth has already had a profound and far-reaching influence on the130 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDintellectual and moral life of the nation; and the achievements of those engaged inresearch have widened the boundaries of knowledge and spread the fame of the University throughout the world.With confident belief in the ever-increasing usefulness of the University, andwith affectionate regards for you all, I remain, Sincerely yours,John D. RockefellerIn the few moments remaining at my disposal, I desire to addressmyself to the young men and young women who are graduating today.The years of your preparation are now ended. You are going forth toengage in life's struggle, to cross swords with the world. Today belongsto the men and women of the present; tomorrow is yours, to make ofit what you will. Never were men and women of trained mind, highpurpose, unimpeachable honor, and dauntless courage more needed inevery walk of fife the world over. Opportunity knocks at your door andthrows down her challenge at your feet. As you consider and respondto the call, there are three things which you will do well to keep ever inmind.First, that life does not consist in being, but in doing. This thoughthas been expressed in the following somewhat homely but forcefulmanner: "Humanity is divided into two classes — the 'leaners' and the'holders-up.' There are fifteen 'leaners' to one 'holder-up.' " Theworld is already too full of parasites. May no member of this graduating class ever be found among the overcrowded ranks of the "leaners."There is an organization in this city which seeks to render assistance tomen who have served their time in prison. The purpose of the organization is set forth in language something like this: "We do not try tomake men just good, but good for something, for we believe thatunless a man is good for something he is good for nothing." It is foryou young men and women to prove yourselves good for something, todo something that is worth doing, that needs to be done, and to do itjust as well as it can be done.Again, you will do well to remember that success consists not ingetting but in giving. In this somewhat materialistic age, emphasis istoo often laid on getting. The value of getting knowledge, power,possessions, influence, is only that they may be used in some useful wayfor others. Who does not remember Silas Marner, the solitary weaver,whose one joy in life was to count over his slowly increasing pile of goldcoins, which he kept hidden under the hearthstone? Returning oneday to his lonely home, he found his treasure gone, and with it all of theTHE CONVOCATION ADDRESSES 131purpose and meaning of life had departed. Some time later as he enteredhis dreary abode, his dazed eyes seemed to see again the pile of gold coinsupon the hearthstone, which on closer view proved to be the golden curlsof a little girl who had strayed in through the open door and had laidherself down to sleep by the fire. Day by day as he strove to do everything in his power for the little stranger, it became clear to Silas Marnerthat the real value of the gold coins which he was again beginning toaccumulate was to enable him to supply the needs and wants of his newfound treasure and to add to her happiness in life. Getting is justifiedonly as a means, never as an end. He who seeks to acquire for the sakeof acquiring but dwarfs and stifles all that is best and highest in himself.It has been well said that "We possess what we share and lose what wekeep," or, in the words of the epitaph of the Duke of Devonshire,What I gave, I have;What I spent, I had;What I kept, I lost.Finally, will you remember that that man alone is truly great whorenders great service to his fellow-men ? Let service, then, be the keynote of your fives. If you have got anything from the University,let it be transformed into service for humanity along that line in whichyou are best equipped. In this way will you pay the debt which youowe to your Alma Mater; in this way will you raise on high her fairname; in this way will you fulfil the supreme purpose of life.THE PRESIDENT'S CONVOCATIONSTATEMENTTHE HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITYA quarter of a century is a small period in the lifetime of the nation.In the history of an institution in these stirring days it is a long period.Time is measured not by duration so much as by events, and thesetwenty-five years have been filled with active life beyond perhaps whatmight occur in a century under other conditions. It will be interestingto all friends of the University to know that a history of these twenty-five years has been prepared and published in connection with the presentoccasion. The author, Dr. T. W. Goodspeed, for many years Secretaryof the Board of Trustees and one of those actively concerned in the stepsleading to the founding of the University, has given three years of histime to this labor of love. The result will be of permanent value forgenerations to come, and I am sure the volume will be held precious byall the alumni.THE UNIVERSITY FACULTIESWhen the University opened its doors for instruction on the first dayof October, 1892, there were 88 resident members of the Faculties, including Professors, Associate Professors, Assistant Professors, and Instructors. Of course there were other officers of various ranks below that ofInstructor, including numbers of Assistants. At the time of the Decennial Celebration fifteen years ago members of the faculties of the sameranks as those previously stated amounted to 152. At the present timethe number of the same ranks amounts to 297. Of course the entireteaching staff of the University includes many others whom it is sometimes difficult to classify, as not a few Assistants are at the same timegraduate students and candidates for degrees. Altogether there areapproximately 400 engaged in this service at the present time.The quarter of a century has taken from the University not a fewmembers of its Faculties, and among them some most eminent men. Wehave lost the first President of the University, William Rainey Harper;the first Head of the Department of History, Hermann Eduard vonHoist; the original Professor of Christian Ethics, Dr. Ezekiel GilmanRobinson; the first Dean of the Divinity School, Eri Baker Hulbert;132THE PRESIDENTS CONVOCATION STATEMENT 133the eminent Professor of Sacred Theology, George Washington North-rup; the first University Chaplain and Professor of EcclesiasticalSociology, Charles Richmond Henderson; the first Professor of Comparative Religion, George Stephen Goodspeed; the first Head of theDepartment of Zoology, Charles Otis Whitman; the first Dean ofWomen, Alice Freeman Palmer; the first Head of the Department ofChemistry, John Ulric Nef ; the brilliant Professor of Botany, CharlesReid Barnes; and Howard Taylor Ricketts, one of our younger but mostdevoted and able investigators in pathology and bacteriology. Thesenames are among many which are enshrined for all time in the history ofthe University of Chicago.Research and publication have always been an essential feature inour Faculty life. The President's Report from year to year contains listsof publications. The time here is so short as to make it impossible todiscuss this subject adequately. I may say merely that nearly everymember of the staff is engaged in the active prosecution of his field, andthe number of articles in scientific periodicals and of books annually produced is very large. The twelve departmental journals afford oneavenue of publication, and I can only add that the lack is not of activeproductivity on the part of the Faculty, but of the means of putting theresults before the learned world in proper form.It has from the first been the policy of the University to consider thescientific attainments of the members of the Faculty as subject to call forrendering such service as might be needed to the community at large,whether in Chicago, in Illinois, or in the nation. For some two years theHead of our Department of Political Economy, Professor J. LaurenceLaughlin, was granted leave of absence by the Board of Trustees in orderthat he might serve as Chairman of the National Citizens' League for thePromotion of a Sound Banking System, an organization which rendered agreat service in connection with the reconstruction of our national banking system. The Head of our Department of Greek, Professor PaulShorey, was Roosevelt Professor of American History at Berlin in1913-14. Professor Charles R. Henderson, Head of the Department ofEcclesiastical Sociology in the Divinity School, who himself was one ofthe leading experts on criminology, held many important positions in theprison congresses both of the United States and of the world at large.The President of the University was given leave of absence for the greaterpart of a year in order to act as Chairman of a commission which investigated the needs of medical instruction and of hospitals in China for theRockefeller Foundation. The University Auditor, Mr. Trevor Arnett,134 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDwho is undoubtedly the foremost expert on university finance in theUnited States, has been able to give advice to numerous colleges anduniversities for the organization of their accounting systems — advicewhich I may say in every case has been accepted, and has been of greatvalue in this important field of educational work.These are but a few by way of illustration of many which might bementioned in detail. The increase in endowment during the last fewyears has made two important departures possible in connection with theFaculty. The Board of Trustees in 1908 adopted a new salary scale,by which it has been possible to provide salaries more nearly commensurate with the general social conditions, and especially with the cost ofliving, than was before the case. In 191 2 provision was made for asystem of retiring allowances for those who reach a certain age, forwidows, and in cases of special disability. This important provision, itis needless to say, is a great source of relief to those who are giving theirlives to a service which from the necessity of the case precludes amassingproperty to any considerable extent.STUDENTSIn the first quarter of instruction in the autumn of 1892 there were594 students in residence. Of these 170 were graduate students in theGraduate Schools, and 84 were graduate students in the Divinity School—a total of 254. In the Autumn Quarter of the current University yearthere were 4,378 students in residence, of whom 792 were graduatestudents in the Graduate Schools, 123 were graduate students in theDivinity School, and 135 were graduate students in the Law School —a total of 1,050 graduate students. The total number of different students in residence in the year 1892-93 was 742. The total number ofdifferent students for the year 1915-16 is approximately 8,500.INSTRUCTION IN MILITARY SCIENCEDuring the past winter a petition signed by upward of five hundredstudents was received, asking for the organization of military science inthe college curriculum. The matter was duly considered by a committeeof the Faculty, and at a meeting held within the last week the Facultyvoted to approve the petition, and to recommend to the Board of Trustees the organization of the courses in question. The plan recommendedwill follow essentially that adopted in Harvard University, and willinvolve the co-ordination of instruction now given in the various depart-THE PRESIDENTS CONVOCA TION ST A TEMENT 135ments which may be applicable, and the provisions of new courses aswell. Provision for drill, whether infantry, artillery, or cavalry, can bemade in connection with organizations outside the University for thepresent.THE ALUMNIWithin the last twenty-five years the University has acquired endowments, buildings, equipment, and students. It has also acquired alumni,and the latter in no mean proportions. The total number of differentdegrees conferred by the University is 10,009, given to 8,821 differentpersons. Of these, 6,650 are Bachelor's degrees given to graduates ofthe Colleges. The remainder are the higher degrees given to those whohave finished the work of the graduate and professional schools ; 962 havebeen Doctors of Philosophy. The total number who had received degreesat the time of the Decennial Celebration, June 30, 1901, was 1,498.The years have passed now since the opening, so that not a few of ouralumni are reaching positions of large usefulness in life. I make noattempt to give long lists. I illustrate what I mean by the fact that, forinstance, Lawrence De Graf, a Bachelor of Philosophy of the Class of1898, has been assistant attorney-general of Iowa, and is now judge ofthe District Court of Des Moines in that state. Henry T. Clarke, aBachelor of Philosophy of the Class of 1896, has long been a member ofthe State Railway Commission of Nebraska, and is now chairman of thatbody. Perhaps a more distinguished position than any is held byHarold H. Swift, of the Class of 1907, who is a Trustee of the Universityof Chicago. It may be added that as time passes and circumstanceswarrant, it is the confident expectation of the Board of Trustees to extendits membership from our alumni. Among those who have taken thedegree of Doctor of Philosophy in our Graduate Schools the greaternumber have devoted themselves to teaching and research, and I findthat among these full professors and heads of departments are to be foundin the University of Kansas, Northwestern University, the WesternUniversity of Canada, the University of Pittsburgh, the University ofMinnesota, McGill University in Montreal, Ohio State University, theUniversity of Illinois, the University of Wisconsin, Clark University, theUniversity of Texas, Johns Hopkins University, the University of Sydneyin Australia, Princeton University, the University of Idaho, HarvardUniversity, the University of Missouri, the University of Iowa, theMellon Institute of Pittsburgh, Columbia University of New York, andin many other institutions.136 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDGIFTS TO THE UNIVERSITY DURING THE LAST YEAR OF THEQUARTER-CENTURYThe first fund obtained for the University, and the fund on which thisfoundation was based, was that of one million dollars, of which Mr.Rockefeller gave $600,000, the remaining $400,000 being subscribed bymany people, in Chicago and elsewhere. The canvass for that $400,000was very strenuous work, which occupied the energies of Mr. F. T. Gatesand Dr. T. W. Goodspeed for nearly a full year. During the year endingJune 30, 1916, many gifts have been received by the University.The College Class of 19 15 gave the University the bronze lamps whichhave been placed in Hutchinson Court.Mrs. George Morris Eckels presented to the University the admirablecollection of Cromwelliana which had been collected by her husband, thelate George Morris Eckels. This gift, valued at about $10,000, is a distinct addition to the resources of the Department of History.Mrs. Charles R. Henderson has given the University the librarycollected by her husband, the late Professor Charles R. Henderson, ofthe Department of Ecclesiastical Sociology in the Divinity School. Thiscollection is strong in the special fields in which Dr. Henderson was amaster.Dr. Frank Wakeley Gunsaulus has given the University valuableincunabula and manuscripts which will constitute a foundation for a veryimportant collection. Perhaps the most interesting of these is theBoccaccio Manuscript, "The Genealogia." This manuscript copy wasprepared in Florence between 1370 and 1406 for the Chancellor of theFlorentine Republic. On the elaborately illuminated first page is a portrait of Boccaccio, very possibly the earliest one extanjt. Time fails inwhich to discuss the rarity and' the beauty of this very interestingdocument.A series of gifts has been made recently by Mr. and Mrs. Jesse L.Rosenberger, both former students of the Old University of Chicago.Mrs. Rosenberger was a graduate in the Class of 1882. These gifts consist of securities and real estate in the city of Chicago, and will ultimatelyprovide funds for lectures, fellowships, and scholarships.A friend of the University gave $2,500 to be used by the Departmentof Geography for scientific study in Asia.Some years ago the late Mr. Haiman Lowy gave the University$3,000 to establish a scholarship. Mr. Lowy died during the last spring,and in his will bequeathed to the University another sum of $3,000 toestablish another scholarship, to be known also by his name.THE PRESIDENTS CONVOCATION STATEMENT 137Mrs. Vandelia Varnum Thomas gave to the University real estatevalued at approximately $2,500 as a foundation for a lecture fund, "TheHiram W. Thomas Lectures." These courses will commemorate the lifeand character of the late Reverend Dr. Thomas, so long a strong influencein the life of the city.The Ida Noyes Hall was erected from a gift by Mr. La Verne Noyes,of Chicago, as a memorial to his wife, Mrs. Ida S. Noyes. The giftwhich was announced at the June Convocation of 1913, was $300,000.It was first contemplated to erect the building on the southwest cornerof Woodlawn Avenue and Fifty-eighth Street. Subsequent studies ofthe situation made it clear that the Midway site where the completedbuilding now stands was in every way preferable, and in order to meetthe many needs of the University women the original plan was greatlyexpanded and improved. The result was that the building itself in theend cost $490,000, including the landscape gardening which will add somuch to the beauty of the entire block. Mr. Noyes was in no way whatever under obligation to provide the additional funds. Nevertheless,heartily approving the change in site and the change in plans, and desiringthat the building should be in every respect his own gift to the Universityfor the memorial purposes above noted, Mr. Noyes on his own initiativehas now given the University the additional sum of $190,000. His com-*plete gift, therefore, little less than half a million dollars, represents thelargest single gift for a complete building which the University has everreceived from any one donor. It represents a building than which inmany ways none in the quadrangles is more beautiful or better adaptedto its purpose, a building which will stand "for decades and for centuries" for the continued use of succeeding generations of Universitywomen, as a perpetual memorial of the name of Ida Noyes, and of thegenerosity and loyal devotion of the donor.During the winter a gift of $200,000 was announced for the purposeof erecting a building to provide adequately for theological instruction.This building by the terms of the gift is not limited to any sectarian use.The Divinity School of the University, and such affiliated schools, ofwhatever religious faith, as the University may have connected with it,will all be housed in this new structure. It will be erected immediatelynorth of Haskell Oriental Museum, thus balancing Rosenwald Hall andcompleting the Harper Court. The name of the donor I am reluctantlyobliged to withhold at the present time.Publicity has already been given to the fact that the University haswithin the last few weeks received a gift of valuable real estate in the138 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDheart of the business section of the city, to establish a fund as a memorialto Eli B. and Harriet B. Williams. This gift was made by Mr. HobartW. Williams, their son. The value of the property is conservativelyestimated at two millions of dollars. A major part of the income willduring Mr. Williams' lifetime be paid to him as an annuity. The remainder during his life and the entire income after his death will be used bythe University for the purposes of the foundation. These purposes are,to aid by means of fellowships, scholarships, or in other ways, and alsoby means of providing suitable instruction, the work of the School ofCommerce and Administration. The School of Commerce and Administration was first organized by the University in 1898. It was impossible,however, at that time or for many years later to provide adequate fundsfor its maintenance. In recent years under the efficient administrationof Dean Leon Carroll Marshall the School has developed in a very interesting and important way. Successive budgets have made possiblethe addition year by year of such funds as have greatly strengthened theinstruction, and as have proved plainly that the School has a great future.Under the magnificent gift of Mr. Williams this future is now assured,and thus one more great branch of the University which heretofore hasbeen in part one of our dreams and in part an inadequately maintainedreality becomes a permanent and substantial thing.The last gift received before these exercises consists in a scholarshipfund amounting to $800 contributed by the members of the College Classwho receive their degrees today. The income will be used under thedirection of the President of the University in awarding a scholarshipunder certain conditions named in the gift, preferably to a member ofthe graduating class. This gift the University cordially welcomes, andwill use for many years in a way most beneficial to the recipient andcreditable to the class which gave it.PLANS AND HOPESWith all that has been accomplished in the last twenty-five years,still it must not be forgotten that the organization and equipment of theUniversity are still incomplete. In the way of equipment the departments already organized need further buildings. The School of Education needs a building for its very interesting secondary school, which itmust be remembered is one of the laboratories of the Department ofEducation. It certainly needs a gymnasium. In the Departments ofArts, Literature, and Science there is need of a building for the modernlanguages, a building for the historical and social science group of depart-THE PRESIDENTS CONVOCATION STATEMENT 139ments, a building in the quadrangles for the Department of Astronomy;there is need also of more residence halls, both for men and for women.In the way of special endowments a particular need is that of a fundor funds, the income of which might provide for the publication of theresults of research in the various departments. These cannot be published on a commercial basis, but many of them are of large scientificvalue, and various funds of this kind would perform a service not merelyto the University but to the whole field of human knowledge.In the way of providing further for the organization of the Universitymay I speak in particular of three suggestions ?The School of Commerce and Administration has been built upslowly, but I think very efficiently. The splendid gift today insures thefuture of this important work. We may regard this therefore as sufficiently provided, and may turn to other needs.The most pressing of these is provision for a school of medicine. TheUniversity has no complete medical school. The two years in the basalsciences are provided in the quadrangles, and provided excellently, inthe laboratories and with the staff of the departments concerned.Indeed, the University is using the income of approximately $2,000,000in these fundamental medical sciences. What is needed to complete theschool is provision for clinical work and a clinical staff at the Midway.The first need of course is for a hospital wholly under the control of theUniversity for medical teaching and for medical research. The secondneed is the provisions of adequate endowment in order that the hospitalitself may be beyond the need of being financed by income from itspatients, and in order that the medical faculty may be free from thepressing need of personal practice. It is not the ambition of the University to plan for a large medical school, or to turn into the medical profession a large number of practitioners. I speak for myself and not byany official action of the Board of Trustees in saying that I believe theUniversity's1 function is to provide rigorous training for a small numberof the best men, and simultaneously to train men as medical teachers andexperts in medical research. Nothing more important could be done,not merely for the University of Chicago, but for the city of Chicagoitself, than to equip such a medical school as I have indicated.The question has often been asked as to the policy of the Universityin regard to a school of technology. Such a school from the first has beenin the contemplation of the University. Again I speak not from anyofficial action of the Board of Trustees but for myself in saying that inmy opinion it is not a function of the University at the present time to140 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDenter the field of undergraduate technological work. Such work is doneadequately in the city of Chicago and in the state of Illinois. A greatfield, however, in which the University could render an important serviceto technology is that of graduate work, and in my opinion the proper planfor beginning and carrying on such work is to take it up department bydepartment. For instance, the great Department of Chemistry, if supplemented by a proper building, equipment, and staff, could provide atonce for research in applied chemistry in a way which could not fail torender a service not merely in training research students, but also inobtaining results of value in all applications of chemistry to the multitudinous needs of the country. Other departments in like manner mayfrom time to time be provided, I trust, with opportunities for researchin the applications of science. In that way there would in the end begrouped together a graduate school of technology in the true sense, inwhich the connections might be made at every point between purescience as now conducted in the University and the various arts ofcivilized life which depend on pure science for their development.Mr. Charles Burrall Pike, of Chicago, has given the University forthe Law School about two hundred and fifty engravings of English andAmerican judges, constituting a very valuable and interesting collection.The engravings are framed, and form a very attractive gallery for thebenefit of our law students.HONORARY DEGREESL.H.D.Maurice Bloomiteld, Professor of Sanskrit and Comparative Philology in theJohns Hopkins University; author of a Vedic Concordance (a monumental work inthe history of Vedic studies); translator of the Atharva Veda in the "Sacred Booksof the East"; editor of various important Sanskrit texts; author of numerous articlesin the fields of Indie Philology and of Comparative Philology; a scholar of rare acumen,whose productivity is distinguished in quality as in amount and range, and whoseinspiring influence, both as writer and as teacher, is conspicuous in the ranks of classicalscholars also; upon nomination of the University Senate, by authority of the Board ofTrustees of the University of Chicago, I confer upon you the degree of Doctor ofHumane Letters of this University, with ail the rights and privileges appertainingthereto.L.H.D.Hermann Collitz, Professor of Germanic Philology in Johns Hopkins University; editor of Bauer's Waldeck Dialect Dictionary and of various philologicaljournals; master of linguistic science and inspirer of scholarly work in others; authorof important works on Greek dialects; original investigator in Indo-European comparative philology; for these services, and especially for your illuminating discoveriesin Germanic philology, upon nomination of the University Senate, by authority of theBoard of Trustees of the University of Chicago, I confer upon you the degree of Doctorof Humane Letters of this University, with all the rights and privileges appertainingthereto.L.H.D.Charles Hall Grandgent, Professor of Romance Languages in HarvardUniversity; an early and leading contributor to the science of phonetics; author ofimportant textbooks on Vulgar Latin, Old Provencal, Italian, and Modern French;resuscitator of the text of the Divine Comedy buried with the commentary of the ages;upholder of scholarly ideals in the domain of teaching; light and example in what youonce termed our Dark Ages; upon nomination of the University Senate, by authorityof the Board of Trustees of the University of Chicago, I confer upon you the degreeof Doctor of Humane Letters of this University, with all the rights and privilegesappertaining thereto.Sc.D.John Casper Branner, Geologist; President Emeritus, Leland Stanford JuniorUniversity; able investigator in varied fields; comprehensive student of earth science;distinguished for masterly direction of state geological work; author of notable geologictreatises on various regions; accomplished educator and executive; for these services,and especially for your promotion of high ideals in scientific inquiry and for yourcourageous ethical attitude in official administration, upon nomination of the University Senate, by authority of the Board of Trustees of the University of Chicago,I confer upon you the degree of Doctor of Science of this University, with all the rightsand privileges appertaining thereto.141142 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDSc.D.John Joseph Carty, Chief Engineer of the American Telegraph and TelephoneCompany; engineer, scientist, inventor, and administrator; significant figure in thedevelopment of the art of telephony; leader and investigator of the difficult undertaking of conveying the human voice by wire across the full breadth of the Americancontinent; director and inspirer of the group of engineers who have recently broughtcredit to American science by the marvelous achievement of the transmission withoutwires of undistorted speech a third of the way around the earth; for these eminentservices in science, especially for the last named, upon nomination of the UniversitySenate, by authority of the Board of Trustees of the University of Chicago, I conferupon you the degree of Doctor of Science of this University, with all the rights andprivileges appertaining thereto.ScD.John Mason Clarke, State Geologist and Paleontologist of New York; Directorof the State Museum and of the Science Division of the Education Bureau; profoundstudent of paleontology; keen interpreter of the significance of paleontology in itsbearing both on the large problems of earth history and of modern life; author ofmany significant memoirs, especially on the early Devonian faunas of two continents;able administrator of the efficient Bureau of Science of the great State of New York;for these services, and especially for the large meaning which you have given to thescience of paleontology, upon nomination of the University Senate, by authority ofthe Board of Trustees of the University of Chicago, I confer upon you the degree ofDoctor of Science of this University, with all the rights and privileges appertainingthereto.ScD.Otto Knut Olof Folin, Hamilton Kuhn Professor of Biochemistry in theHarvard Medical School; Doctor of Philosophy of the University of Chicago; chemistand worker in the field of biochemistry; teacher and leader in the development ofstandard methods of biochemical analysis; investigator of fundamental laws of metabolism; author of extensive and authoritative researches on constituents of humanand animal secretions and tissues in health and disease; for these eminent services inscience, and especially for the work last named, upon nomination of the UniversitySenate, by authority of the Board of Trustees of the University of Chicago, I conferupon you the degree of Doctor of Science of this University, with all the rights andprivileges appertaining thereto.Sc.D.George Ellery Hale, Director of the Mount Wilson Solar Observatory of theCarnegie Institution of Washington; first Director of the Yerkes Observatory of theUniversity of Chicago; student of astrophysics; expert in spectroscopy; inventorof new methods and designer of new apparatus for research; organizer of two largeobservatories; discoverer of many important facts in solar and sidereal physics;founder of the Astrophysical Journal; leader in enlarging the usefulness and activityof scientific societies, national and international; generous contributor to the needsof education and science; upon nomination of the University Senate, by authority ofthe Board of Trustees of the University of Chicago, I confer upon you the degree ofDoctor of Science of this University, with all the rights and privileges appertainingthereto.HONORARY DEGREES 143ScD.Edward Burr Van Vleck, Professor of Mathematics in the University of Wisconsin; of the American Mathematical Society sometime president, and editorof the Transactions; always wise counselor and leader; creative mathematician andsuccessful investigator in the theory of functions, and in the theories of differentialand difference equations and of functional equations; for these eminent services inmathematics, and especially for your important researches concerning functionalequations and analytic continued fractions, upon nomination of the University Senate,by authority of the Board of Trustees of the University of Chicago, I confer upon youthe degree of Doctor of Science of this University, with all the rights and privilegesappertaining thereto.Sc.D.William Morton Wheeler, Professor of Economic Entomology and Dean ofthe Faculty of the Bussey Institution for Research in Applied Biology of HarvardUniversity; indefatigable and productive investigator in the broad field of animalbiology; author of numerous essays and memoirs in embryology, general zoology, andmore especially entomology; philosopher as well as scientist; teacher of many younginvestigators; now devoting the fruits of the broadest biological culture to servicein the important field of economic entomology; for these eminent services in science,upon nomination of the University Senate, by authority of the Board of Trustees ofthe University of Chicago, I confer upon you the degree of Doctor of Science of thisUniversity, with all the rights and privileges appertaining thereto.D.D.William Coleman Bitting, pastor of notable churches; preacher of power;champion of the modern spirit in religious education; interpreter of the sacred scripturesin the spirit of our modern world; for these services, and in particular for your servicein the reorganization and administration of a great religious body, upon nominationof the University Senate, by authority of the Board of Trustees of the University ofChicago, I confer upon you the degree of Doctor of Divinity of this University, withall the rights and privileges appertaining thereto.D.D.Henry Churchill King, President of Oberlin College and Professor of Theology;preacher, administrator, and theologian; philosophic expositor of the social andspiritual values in education; valued counselor and leader in great religious and humanitarian enterprises; author of scholarly works interpretative of religion to the thoughtof the modern world; for these, and in particular for your notable contribution to theadaptation of theological training to the changing needs of the Christian church, uponnomination of the University Senate, by authority of the Board of Trustees of theUniversity of Chicago, I confer upon you the degree of Doctor of Divinity of thisUniversity, with all the rights and privileges appertaining thereto.LL.D.Roscoe Pound, Carter Professor of General Jurisprudence and Dean of the LawSchool of Harvard University in earlier years a pioneer and notable investigator in144 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDplant ecology; inspiring teacher of Roman and Continental law as well as of our ownlegal system; sane and experienced advocate of the reform and simplification of legalprocedure; brilliant writer and analyst in sociological jurisprudence, and constructiveleader in the task of reshaping some of the older doctrines of the common law; fordistinguished services in the fields of legal education and scholarship and of proceduralreform, upon nomination of the University Senate, by authority of the Board ofTrustees of the University of Chicago, I confer upon you the degree of Doctor of Lawsof this University, with all the rights and privileges appertaining thereto.LL.D.William Henry Welch, Professor in the Johns Hopkins University; Pathologist to the Johns Hopkins Hospital; President of the Maryland State Board ofHealth; President of the Board of Directors of the Rockefeller Institute for MedicalResearch; pre-eminent among the medical teachers of your generation for rare successin training physicians, teachers, and investigators; author of classical researches inpathology and bacteriology; national leader in medical education and investigation;for these distinguished services, upon nomination of the University Senate, by authority of the Board of Trustees of the University of Chicago, I confer upon you the degreeof Doctor of Laws of this University, with all the rights and privileges appertainingthereto.ODE1By HOWARD MUMFORD JONES, A.M. 1015Recited before the Beta of Illinois Chapter of Phi Beta Kappa inconnection with the Celebration of the Twenty-Fifth Anniversary of the Founding of the University of ChicagoCrescat scientia, vita excolaturIThis is our festival of learning; this,The confident, calm triumph of the mind;Today we leave behindOur five-and-twenty labors nobly done,And prayerfully and with a solemn blissOf love and praiseGive thanks for the embattled daysWhose conquest is our university,And for that promise shaped ideallyWhose fairer truth the patient hours have won.IIBlow, then, your choral trumpets, blow!And in procession goExulting, while the feet of music climbTower on tower of majestic praise,On those high tops to raiseEnsigns of flame and fiery flags of rime!And while your triumph flowsIn slow magnificence and moving filesInto this court past aislesOf summer sun like broken Paradise,Mutely a pageant goesThrough archways dim to spiritual hallsIn every heart where riseThe vaster buildings of the soul whose wallsFashion our nobler university.1 Copyright, 1916, by Howard Mumford Jones. All rights reserved.145THE UNIVERSITY RECORDThat pomp no less I see:Reverent ye bendIn transepts of the spirit rich and wideBefore an inner shrineWhose tapers shineIn joy and solemn pride.Darkly as in a glassRank upon rank of chanting priesthoods pass,Thoughts and Ideals and Dreams exultantly!Their organ voices blendIn words I hear and know:Let knowledge grow,Let knowledge grow,That life may richer be!IllYet is your pageant incompleteUnless another comes —A spirit beautiful and sweet,With lyric feetBrushing like butterflies the shaken grass.Now small winds passAcross the lakeAnd into sudden darkness breakThe silver ripples like a shadow-fleet —'Tisshe! 'Tis she!Oh, hark! Oh, see!The leaping drumsOf morning beat!With golden feetThe sun's triumphal army scalesThe bridges of the skies;Out of their silver chairs that burn,Where all night long in counsellor-wiseThey sat against the day's return,The serried stars arise!The darkness rides before her!THE CONVOCATION ODEThe jeweled day is o'er her!Her jonquil feet have kissed the crestOf litten waves that leap and shakeThe bosom of the matin lake;Rose-petal winds are on her breast,The morning winds that bore her!Behold!She cometh where the air is gold!She cometh, and the dawnThat kissed the lawn,Leaving a pearl of fire for every kiss,Stoops from the skiesUpon her forehead and her eyesTo set the lips whose touch made all the worldTremble in rosy bliss!Make way, make way, 'tis meetThe high muse have her seatIn this great coronal no less than ye!Her pathReddens across the curledHyaline furrows of our inland sea!Make way! My mistress comes! She standsReady to join your hymnal praise. Oh, beJoyous to welcome lest her hyacinth handsCrumble your turrets into drifted sands,Break down your walls like lath,And where time never whirled,Cast out your pillared law eternally!IVO true and tried and strong,Greatly American!Scholars whose sagely pondered planHath built for Truth a fortress and a house!Today our mother lifts upon her browsThe twisted laurel of your deeds, and turnsBidding my mistress shape your toil to song !THE UNIVERSITY RECORDThe many peer and guess,Grouping around the hearth where Half-Truth burns,In dusty closets where the moth abidesHappy to find Truth's long abandoned dress.Your work is otherwhere!Ye seek the ampler airOf those high valleys where she hides;Ye know the deserts and the windy places,The shipless oceans hidden to the moon,The star-cold peaks whose lifting height no tracesYields if another climbed them late or soon.Along a trackForever scantier, ye clamber backWhere Birth sits hooded by her ancient streams,Or pierce the fabulous dreamsThat make Death horrible.And even God ye see and yet escape,And with you all is well!No easy rapeIs yours, as many fainOf summer flowers from a roadside rock:The mind hath its own painWith sorrow implicate and stark distress,Hath its own shockOf wintry billows breaking on the sea,Its desperate ways and coasts of weariness.Still, still, O pioneers,Your courage grows not cold!Your joys are known to me:Diviner ends are yours to havfeThan any gain of gold.The words of Truth are torches for the years,Gracious to bear and powerful to save;Her banners have a virtue manifold,O captains of the mind, O pioneers !And while this hour in all his summer stateSits on a rosy throne,THE CONVOCATION ODEAnew I pledge, anew I consecrateYour search eternal, your eternal toil,Incessantly construingThe grandeur in the stone,Incessantly pursuingThe glory in the soil!From fragmentary alphabets of earth,Old books of the field, elusive gleamsWhere the brown birds have birth,Still read immortal things and great,Ye pioneers of man's immortal dreams!VAlas! Not all are hereWho, to achieve this end,Toiled and endured and sacrificed. I turn,Bowing before an urnThat holds a precious dust to us more dearThan any hall we own,And sadder strains will blendWith each more jubilant tone.Not all our learning can redeem their loss,Nor any science bring them back again;The little that we know is wholly vainTo lift life's terrible crossOf time and change and death. Ah, we mistakeOur ignorance for knowledge! More than weIs the last dying billow on the lake,The last leaf clinging to the autumn tree.O God, forgive our pride!What profiteth our wisdom to the dead ?Hide, hide, Oh, hideThe splendor of thy head!Thy terrible glory shines in grass and sky,In squirrel and sparrow on the campus walk.The green leaves talkWhispers whose mighty meaning we put by!With peering eyesIS© THE UNIVERSITY RECORDWe number up the sand, or fix a dateWhen shadows moved, less palpable than these,Our own few dead, to acts that could not wait,And us the morning sky for shadows sees.Oh, how shall we be wiseTo shape the citizen,Forming from human clayFair pillars for the state ?We cannot stayThe ticking of Time's clock of doom for men,The shutting-to of Death's ironic gate!VIKnowledge is nobly great,Learning a king's estate,But these are ashen bread and bitter meat,Save joy with wisdom stand,Beauty take learning's hand,And reverence the finished work complete!/Let all your wisest grope among their dead,Guessing a date from some old lover's ring,Computing sagely of the tributes paidIn mouldered silk to Pharaoh, the king;Let learning count the flutes were playedWhen Lalage was yet a maid,And science peering in its glassSee life's elusive pageants passIn water-drop and yeasty bread —Here fails your scheme!That even as ye grasp her, wisdom flies —We are not brains and eyes,But towers of pillared dream,Inheritors of some remembered shoreBeat by no terrene sea!Put by your loreOf name and fact and date —Too much we have of peddled fact,THE CONVOCATION ODE IS IToo little of life's mastery!The pedantry that digs and delvesPut by with half -men — be yourselves !He seeks for life and does not liveWho has no other gift to giveThan mathematic mind to act!Lord God, behold the weightOf useless learning that we keepSince books are cheap and youth is cheap!Oh, break the pedant and his pen,Since even as we sow we reap,And who sows parchment gains as much!Lord, give us wisdom, but give more —Fingers to touch,A soul to quicken and grow sore,A heart to trust!Put by the half-men and their dust,Lord God, Oh, grant us men!VIINow at your gates impatiently, behold,Youth's terrible feetBeat, beat, incessantly they beat,Demanding transports to the age of gold!There young men stand most beautiful in pride,Dreamers of dreams and emulous for strife,And rosy maidens, wise and eager-eyed,On tiptoe for the coronals of life !And hark! Across that gateA rain of laughter — hear it toss and swirlIn silver bubbles where they wait!And yesterday a drabbled State Street girl,Loitering a while,Thrilled to the sunset o'er the ugly town,And in her tawdry life laughed joyously!What place hath sheOn wisdom's safe and ordered isle?How much do sunsets weight, and is her smileCompounded in your patient chemistry ?THE UNIVERSITY RECORDCome down, come downOut of the dusty hostels of the dead!The past hath mouldy breadAnd desperate wine to offer in her inns;There host and guests indifferently are dust —Her binsAre stuffed with dead men's bones unprofitable,Dust and a smell of mustRising to say,"It is not good to dwellAs we, so deeply hidden from the day!"Life looks not back but forward, moving onBorne like a banner on the brows of youth;Not facts we need but truthTo live our lives by in tomorrow's dawn!O skilled and sage, the crownOf many wisdoms is too hard for these!I charge you, weigh not downTheir radiant eyes with any dead man's coin,Milled in the mints of Babylon or Rome —Truth has her homeNo less with April face and untried loin,Than here with Newton and Empedocles!VIIIWhere, then, is wisdom foundAnd where hath understanding place ?Not peering up time's vacant faceIn sunless tunnels underground —Not so we crave !But deeper life, a fuller senseOf beauty and of reverence;The whole of being to employUnder new dawns the spirit knows;To sense a comrade in the roseAnd greet the sun and moon with joy;Bravely to live as one in love with lifeThat yet with courage hails the dark for friend;To love and to renounce, to gain and spendTHE CONVOCATION ODEGreatly at noon what morning won with strife —This is that life which knowledge must increase!O servants of our common mother, seeThat all your wisdoms beAs living water and as paths of peaceFor the fair ways and richer food of life!IXOf old, men saw the GrailShine through the spray of unadventured seas,Or lifted high in old-world sanctuaries,A mystic rose in their disastrous gloom;And as from contemplation of that bloomOf passionate fire, now paleWith silver light, now alternately red,They felt a strange effulgence shedOf pride and shame,Pride for deeds done a hundred knightly ways,And for their pettinesses, blame,So I, communing with our dead,Have dared to mix my censure with my praise.And if presumptuous the weak words seem,Then think how frail against the storm of timeSounds the thin voice, and frail and thin the rimeThat passes as the shadow of a dream!Oh, not to me but to the muse eternal,To your rich dead give ear;We blindly steer,But they most surely sail; their lives are vernalWith buds that flower not in our wintry year.They stand beside our mother's lips that speakWhispers unknown to us,And one with eyelids luminousAnd face more fair than childhood's very own,Whose winged feet were lately in our ways,Whose singing voice but even now grew weak!His is the port our mother bids us seek,He knew her deeper word, her hidden tone!THE UNIVERSITY RECORDTo them and him wisdom gave rarer daysThan knowledge knew to give —Dear hours fugitiveWorn as a diadem,Noons rich with mystic joys; and nights like wineTasted from cups divine!Oh, life to themWas greatly to be lived, a trumpet shoutO'er a rich water, was a galley blownBy windy capes into a sunrise sea,A bird aloft in blue transparency,A banner shaken out,A song, a crown, triumph and victory!XJoy, joy that through the storm of spearsWhile nations rise, each from her mighty seatTo frown above the embattled half of the globe,Still with unsullied honor dare we meetAs in more temperate years,And still with calm, eternal lightOur Alma Mater's face is brightAs over us she draws her stainless robe !Secure she standsWith quiet hands,A light, a goal, a promise, and a boon;And not in all time's fluxes shall she change,Nor any shadows of the sun and moon!Out of gold cups on hall and laboratoryThe dawn spills wine diurnal from the skyAnd every night in white and naked gloryThe lonely stars ascend their porches high;Spring flees along the meadows like a seaBreaking at sunset in a surf of flowers,Then summer rises, mystical and strange,With fervid lips impassioning the hours;And autumn planets and the winter burnYear upon year in slow and sure return —Still, still across these courts with star-dust blindTHE CONVOCATION ODE 155Harper to Ryerson speaks, and all your towersMysteriously answer to the spell:"All is well,All is well!We guard the eternal mind!The heart of man retains its ancient powers,And with the eternal spirit all is well!"THE BOARD OF TRUSTEESBy J. SPENCER DICKERSON, SecretaryAPPOINTMENTSIn addition to reappointments of officers of instruction and ofadministration, the following appointments have been made:Dr. Karl K. Koessler, of the staff of Sprague Memorial Institute, asAssistant Professor of Experimental Medicine, from April i, 1916.Dr. Julius Maria Retinger, of the staff of Sprague Memorial Institute,as Associate, from April 1, 1916.Sidney M. Cadwell, of the staff of Sprague Memorial Institute, asAssociate, from April 1, 1916.Dr. W. B. Sharp to an instructorship in the Department of Hygieneand Bacteriology, from October 1, 19 16.W. E. Cary to an instructorship in the Department of Hygiene andBacteriology, from October 1, 1916.Jean Piccard, Professor in the University of Lausanne, Switzerland,to an assistant professorship in the Department of Chemistry, from October 1, 1916.Charles J. Pieper, of the High School of the University of Minnesota,and formerly of the staff of the University of Chicago High School, asTeacher of Science and Chairman of the Department of Science in theUniversity High School, from October 1, 1916.Ernest Watson Burgess, Assistant Professor of Sociology in the OhioState University, to an assistant professorship in the Department ofSociology, from July 1, 1916.H. M. Buerckholtz as Instructor in the machine shop in the Schoolof Education, from October 1, 1916.William S. Gray, Instructor in the College of Education, to an assistant deanship in the College of Education, from July 1, 1916.Professor Samuel W. Williston as Director of Walker Museum.PROMOTIONSAssociate Professor Anton J. Carlson, of the Department of Physiology, to a professorship, from October 1, 19 16.Instructor Lee Irving Knight, of the Department of Botany, to anassistant professorship, from October 1, 1916.156THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 157Associate George T. Caldwell, of the Department of Pathology,to an instructorship, from October 1, 1916.Instructor Fred Merrifield, of the Divinity School, to an assistantprofessorship, from July 1, 1916.Associate Professor Charles M. Child, of the Department of Zoology,to a professorship, from October 1, 1916.RESIGNATIONSThe resignations of Walter W. Cook, Professor in the Law School,who becomes Professor in the newly organized Yale Law School; Underbill Moore, Professor in the Law School, who becomes Professor of Law.in Columbia Law School; William L. Eikenberry, Instructor in theUniversity High School; Agnes R. Wayman, of the Department orPhysical Culture; Harold S. Adams, Instructor in Physiological Chemistry; Bertha Henderson, Instructor in Physiography and Zoology inthe University High School, have been accepted.Professor Thomas C. Chamberlin resigns as Director of Museums.LEAVE OF ABSENCELeave of absence has been granted to Assistant Professor NormanMacLeod Harris, for one year, from October 1, 1916. He has enteredthe Canadian Army Medical Corps.RETIREMENTAt his own request, J. Laurence Laughlin, Professor and Head of theDepartment of Political Economy since 1891, was retired, in accordancewith the Statutes of the University ,* June 30, 19 16.ATTENDANCEThe attendance at the University during the Spring Quarter was asfollows: In the Graduate Schools, 590; in the Colleges, 1,831; in theDivinity School (including the Chicago Theological Seminary), 188; inthe Medical Courses, 194; in the Law School, 205; in the School ofEducation, 345 — a total, deducting duplicates, of 3,119, and a gain of317 over the Spring Quarter of 1915.MILITARY SCIENCEThe Board of Trustees has approved the following plan for offeringinstruction in Military Science, to begin October 1, 1916, under thefollowing general principles:1. The work to be elective.2. Voluntary infantry drill under the direction of a member of theFaculty.158 THE UNIVERSITY RECORD3. Organization of such instruction as may be advantageous forvarious forms of military service.4. Addition of special instruction in military science not now providedunder direction of an officer detailed by the War Department.TUITION FEES — ANNOUNCEMENTThe Board of Trustees, at the meeting held May 9, 1916, acting uponthe recommendation of the University Senate, voted that beginning withthe Summer Quarter, 1917, the tuition fee in the Colleges be changedfrom $40 to $50 per quarter; that this change be announced a year beforeit shall go into effect; and that when it goes into effect it shall notapply to students already registered.GIFTSIn addition to gifts of which mention is made in the President'sQuarterly Statement the following contributions have been acceptedby the Board of Trustees:A fund to create the Edith Barnard Memorial Fellowship in Chemistry. The fellowship is to be awarded by the University, on nomination of the Department of Chemistry, to some deserving graduate studenton the same conditions of award as hold for other fellowship appointments, except that no University service shall be required of this fellowship.The Class of 1916 has raised a fund of $800, the income of which isto be used as a scholarship for some deserving student, preferably aSenior. The award is to be based primarily on financial need, scholarship and class activities to receive secondary consideration.MISCELLANEOUSMr. Enos M. Barton, a trustee of the University since 1898, diedat Biloxi, Mississippi, May 3, 19 16. A suitable memorial of Mr. Bartonhas been adopted by the Board of Trustees.The name of the Department of Sanskrit and Indo-European Comparative Philology has been changed to "Department of ComparativePhilology, General Linguistics, and Indo-Iranian Philology."The Board of Trustees has voted to locate the proposed UniversityChapel on the block bounded by Woodlawn and University avenuesand Fifty-eighth and Fifty-ninth streets, facing the Midway Plaisance.The entire block is to be devoted to the Chapel and buildings appertaining to it.THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 159The Statutes of the University have been so amended that the honorary degrees of Doctor of Humane Letters and of Doctor of Science areconferred in addition to the honorary degrees of Doctor of Divinity,Doctor of Music, and Doctor of Laws.Equipment for Walker Museum is to be installed.Fire-escapes have been ordered installed upon the Physiology andBotany buildings.An appropriation has been made for purchase of equipment and foralterations in the Physiology Building. Electrically controlled elevatorsare to be installed in the Physiology and Anatomy buildings.THE DEDICATION OF IDA NOYESHALLOn the occasion of the dedication of Ida Noyes Hall, Monday,June 5, 1916, a masque, The Gift, was presented in the Woman's Quadrangle. Around the quadrangle on the north, east, and south, tiers ofseats were arranged accommodating three thousand spectators Thetrees of the quadrangle, and the Law Building formed a most effectivebackground for the masque. The exercises began with a procession ofwomen students and alumnae which came into the quadrangle from theentrance between the Law Building and Rosenwald Hall. The womenmarched by classes, the graduating students in cap and gown, and theothers with hair bound with ribbons denoting classes — the Freshmen,green, the Sophomores, yellow, and the Juniors, blue. The alumnae woremaroon ribbons. This procession of nine hundred women formed oneof the most impressive and inspiring features of the occasion. Standingin rows four deep in front of the audience, they sang "Alma Mater" andthen seated themselves upon the ground in front of the spectators.The masque was created and directed by Miss Lucine Finch, aformer student of the University. It was entitled The Gift and represented Youth receiving gifts from Alma Mater, culminating in the giftof Service. Over two hundred persons took part. The most strikingcharacter was that of Alma Mater impersonated by Mrs. Edith FosterFlint. The beauty of the costuming was commented on by all as mostnoteworthy, and especial praise is due Miss Lillian Cushman, Miss EthelWebb, and Miss Helen C. Reed for the generous way in which theydevoted their taste and skill to the undertaking. The performance wasthe most elaborate of the kind that has ever taken place at the Universityand was received with much commendation.The allegory, as presented in the program, was as follows:In comes Youth, joyous in unawakened power. To her the past is but a voicelong stilled, the present her possession, and the future a place whither her dreams mayfly. Guided by her angels she comes to Alma Mater seated on her Gothic throne,surrounded by the perfection of nature — the Lake, the pageant of the Sky with' thehealth-giving Sun, the pale beauty of the Moon, the Clouds and the reviving Rain—the low-lying Fields with their wholesome workers Youth throws herself at AlmaMater's feet, eager for a test of her young strength. nd o Alma Mater summons her160THE DEDICATION OF IDA NOYES HALL l6lideals, as a challenge to Youth's spirit. In answer come, in their turn, the Olympicgames, for the perfection of her body's growth, and that she may learn to take victorysimply and defeat with courage; the Romance of Literature, that her imaginationmay be stirred and her dreams take form; the Spirit of Worship, that this earth-lovingchild may lift her eyes to the enduring sky. Then Knowledge places her lamp inYouth's hands. And now indeed is Youth rich with gifts. Then comes the City seeking aid from Alma Mater, and the wise mother, knowing that her child must spend herstrength for others before it shall be truly hers, bestows on Youth the Gift of Service.The order of the masque was given thus:i. The Spirit of Gothic Architecture2. The Gothic Characters3. Alma Mater and the Persons of the Masque4. Youth5. The Lake6. The Cloud and Rain7. The Sun Chariot8. The Moon9. The Harvesters10. The Treaders11. The Contestants of the Olympic Games12. The Dancers of a Persian RomanceThere once lived in Persia a young king who, dwelling in power and splendor,should have been the happiest of men. He was deeply beloved by his people, whom heserved loyally and well, but among whom he walked apart, held remote by the unconscious sorrowing of his heart for a woman's love. On a festal occasion his people tryto bring to him, sad in the midst of the flashing gaiety of his court, the joy that hisyouth and state should know. His boy pages and his gallant swordsmen dance forhim, hoping by their vigor and warlike prowess to move him to delight. At lastthe beauteous slave-maidens of the court are brought before him. Careless, he choosesone to dance. It so happens, as in tales it may, that the one he chooses is a princess,whose kingdom has been conquered by the young king. Since the first day of hercoming to his court her tender heart has loved him. So when she is chosen to dance forhim, all the innocent love that she has kept silent within her leaps out and awakens thewondering love of the young king, and it is like the awakening of spring in the darkforest. But alas! he is summoned to war, and the princess bids him go, sinking sadlyamong her maidens. While the maidens are mourning his departure, a messengerbrings tidings that the king is slain. But, as in tales it may happen, the tidings arefalse, and swift on the heels of them the young king, glad with victory, rushes to hislove. He finds her desolate, mourning for his death. With deep tenderness he liftsher, and when she sees that it is her beloved her happiness is indeed great. He takesher to the palace, where their marriage is solemnized with great pomp and ceremonyand where they live happy ever after.13. The Spirit of Worship14. Knowledgel62 THE UNIVERSITY RECORD15. The City16. The Cycle of YouthAnd the Endless Cycle of Youth, with its dreams and its demands, comes to claimits share of the ever-giving Alma Mater as it will come again — and ever again — keepingthe earth green and fresh and young.At the conclusion of the masque at about seven o'clock departmentaland other dinners occupied the time until half-past eight, when thewomen assembled again in groups (alumnae, graduate students, andcollege students) and formed a double line from the President's Houseto Ida Noyes Hall, where a large crowd had gathered before the as yetunlighted building. Led by the President of the Woman's Administrative Council, the Vice-President of the Senior Class carrying the greatbrass candelabrum of the Senior Class with the taper lighted, and tworepresentatives of each of the lower classes, the President's party marchedbetween the rows of students to the Hall. There followed a very briefand simple ceremony of dedication.The donor of the building, Mr. La Verne Noyes, said:President Judson, Mr. Rockefeller, Members of the Board of Trustees, Ladies and Gentlemen:It is with unalloyed pleasure that I stand on the threshold of this building,which is more beautiful, complete, and ideal, and is destined to be more far-reaching inits purpose than any of us could have foreseen in its inception.It has seemed long in reaching completion, but the delay was fortunate, as itpermitted growth and expansion of the original plans and resulted in a change oflocation to this favored spot. Everything seems to have combined to make its locationand architectural design ideal for its purpose, and to increase its usefulness to therapidly growing number of women at this great institution.The officers of the University and women of the faculty are to be congratulatedupon having so well worked out and adapted every detail of this building to its futurerequirements.Today there is but one regret to mar the universal rejoicing at the dedication ofIda Noyes Hall — the absence of the woman whose name it bears. Were it possible forher to be here, how she would enjoy the good fellowship of the young women whosephysical training, pleasures, pastimes, and joys it will house!Mr. President, I take more pleasure than I can express in turning over the keys ofIda Noyes Hall to the University of Chicago.The President of the University responded :Mr. Noyes,On behalf of the Board of Trustees, faculties, alumni, and students of the University of Chicago, I receive these keys in token of the completion of the superb buildingwhich you have given and established as a memorial to Mrs. Ida S. Noyes. It isbeautiful as a memorial; it is still more beautiful in the service which it will renderTHE DEDICATION OF IDA NOYES HALL 163many generations of University women. The beauty and comfort of this buildingI believe will enter permanently into the lives and characters of those who will heremake their college home. It will enable them, I believe and trust, to have higherstandards of life, which, wherever they may go and however simple the conditions oftheir lives, will give them ideals. It is not luxury, it is not cost, which constitute thebeauty of homes; it is the good taste, the power to make the most from the least,which make homes worthy of the dignity, the love, and the earnestness without whichan American home is not a home at all. I thank you on behalf of the University,and especially of all its women, and I hope that through many years to come you willfind constant joy in witnessing the happiness which you have been the means of creating here. In the name, then, of the Board of Trustees I declare this Hall dedicatedfor all time to the use of the Women of the University of Chicago; and that its namethrough the ages yet to come shall be "Ida Noyes Hall."The representative students with their lighted taper then enteredthe dark building and turned on all at one time the lights over the entirebuilding. Led by the Woman's Choir and the Glee Club, the studentprocession entered the building singing "Alma Mater," thus typifyingthe spirit of loyalty with which they took possession of their new home.Meanwhile the President's party took its position on the platformat the north end of the gymnasium, which had been decorated with theUniversity arms and American flags, and received the women studentsas the first guests of the Convocation reception. Those in the receivingparty were President and Mrs. Judson, Mr. and Mrs. John D. Rockefeller,Jr., Mr. La Verne Noyes, Mr. and Mrs. Martin A. Ryerson, Dean andMrs. James Rowland Angell, Dean Marion Talbot, and Mrs. Florence M.Goodspeed, Director of Ida Noyes Hall.To reach the receiving party, guests were led from the entrance hallto the checking-rooms improvised in the basement game-room andlocker-room, thence north through the dressing-rooms and shower-rooms,upstairs to the natatorium, and through the cloister to the gymnasiumentrance in the main hall. On leaving the gymnasium, guests inspectedthe refectory and other rooms on the first floor, ascending then the mainstairway past the portraits of Mr. and Mrs. Noyes by Louis Betts.Floor plans and a fine description of the Hall, published in the January,191 5, Record, were reprinted for the guidance of guests, of whom more thanfive thousand inspected the building.DEPARTMENTAL CONFERENCESThe departmental conferences were unexpectedly successful in thematter of attendance, each group reporting a larger number of Doctorsof the University and other alumni than had been anticipated. In fact,it has been feared by many that the change of date for the celebrationwould result in a meager showing of alumni, and especially of the Doctors,most of whom are in colleges and universities. The guests of the University included not only the Doctors, but also the Masters and such graduate students as were engaged in research work.On Monday afternoon there were eight conferences, many of thedepartments meeting together in natural groups. At these conferencesthe program consisted either of addresses by Doctors of the Universityand by other guests, or of informal conferences upon some general topic.The eight conferences were as follows:The largest group was the Conference of the Philosophical and SocialScience groups, including seven departments, to which the Law Schoolwas added. The general subject was "Problems of National Progress,"the addresses being by Irving Fisher, professor of political economy inYale University, and Roscoe Pound, dean of the Harvard Law School.The Conferences of the Department of Household Administrationhad for its subject "The Significance of the Home," the speaker beingMrs. Mary Willcox Glenn of New York City, former president of theNational Conference of Charities and Corrections. Over two hundredpersons attended the Conference, the first formal meeting in the AssemblyRoom of Ida Noyes Hall.The Conference of the Philological Group included six departments,the addresses being given by Kirby F. Smith, professor of Latin in JohnsHopkins University, and Irving Babbitt, professor of French literaturein Harvard University.The Conference of the Departments of Mathematics, Astronomy,and Physics, attended by about one hundred and seventy-five persons,was addressed by George E. Hale, director of Mount Wilson Observatory;John J. Carty, chief engineer of the American Telegraph and TelephoneCompany; and Edward B. Van Vleck, professor of mathematics in theUniversity of Wisconsin.164DEPARTMENTAL CONFERENCES 165The Conference of the Department of Chemistry, at which thirty-nine Doctors of the Department were present, as well as about onehundred others, was addressed by five of its own Doctors, as follows:Bernard C. Hesse, consulting chemist, New York City; Lauder W. Jones,professor of chemistry in the University of Cincinnati; Otto Knute Folin,professor of biology and chemistry in Harvard University; Eugene P.Schoch, professor of physical chemistry in the University of Texas; andWilliam D. Richardson, chief chemist of Swift & Company, Chicago. Anotable feature of this conference was the presentation of a portrait of thelate Professor Nef, and of a plan for a Nef memorial volume. A reportof the Edith Barnard Memorial Fellowship was made. At the Tuesdaymorning meeting the resident and non-resident Doctors of the Department presented to Dr. Stieglitz a silver loving-cup.The Conference of the Departments of Geology and Paleontology,and Geography, attended by sixteen Doctors of the Departments andsome thirty-five University members, was addressed by J. C. Branner,President Emeritus of Leland Stanford Junior University, and John M.Clarke, state geologist of New York.The Conference of the Biological Group included four departments,and was addressed by William M. Wheeler, dean of the Bussey Institutionof Harvard University, and George H. Shull, a Doctor of the Departmentof Botany, and professor of botany and genetics in Princeton University.The Conference of the Experimental Medicine Group included twodepartments, and was addressed by William H. Welch, professor ofpathology in Johns Hopkins University; Ernest E. Irons, assistantprofessor of medicine in Rush Medical College; and David J. Davis,professor of experimental medicine in the University of Illinois, the lasttwo being Doctors of the University.Monday evening there were nine departmental dinners, largely socialin nature, at which addresses and statements of experience were given bynumerous visiting Doctors of the University. For the most part thedinners were held in the neighborhood of the University, but two of thegroups dined downtown. About eighty-five Doctors and members ofthe Faculty of the Ryerson Laboratory attended the dinner at the Hoteldel Prado. In many respects these social dinners developed the reunionmotive of the celebration more effectively than did the more formalprograms of the conferences.At the dinner of the Social Science Group a feature of special interestwas the presentation of the volume Twenty-five Years of the Department ofPolitical Economy to Professor J. Laurence Laughlin. The volumei66 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDcontains in addition to the names of members of the staff the namesof all Doctors and graduate students of the Department in attendanceduring the twenty-five years that Professor Laughlin has been Headof the Department.On Tuesday forenoon several of the larger groups broke up intosmaller conferences, some with formal programs, and others with informaldiscussions. Nine such conferences were held, five of them with formalprograms. .The Conference of the Classical Group was addressed by five Doctorsof the University, as follows: Alice F. Braunlich, instructor in FrancesShimer School; Frederick William Shipley, professor of Latin in Washington University; Berthold L. Ullman, professor of Latin in the University of Pittsburgh ; William A. Heidel, professor of Greek in WesleyanUniversity; and George Norlin, professor of Greek in the University ofColorado.The Conference of Romance Languages and Literatures was addressedby three Doctors of the University, as follows: George T. North-rup, professor of French in the University of Toronto; Isabella Bronk,professor of French in Swarthmore College; and Earle B. Babcock,professor of French in New York University.The Conference of Germanic Languages and Literatures wasaddressed by two Doctors of the University, as follows: Otto Heller,professor of German in Washington University, and Leonard Bloomfield,assistant professor of comparative philology and German in the University of Illinois.The Conference of Zoology, Anatomy, and Physiology was addressedby four Doctors of the University, as follows: William A. Locy, professor of zoology in Northwestern University; Charles C. Guthrie, professor of physiology in the University of Pittsburgh; Michael F. Guyer,professor of zoology in the University of Wisconsin; Robert K. Nabours,professor of zoology in the Kansas State Agricultural College.The Conference of Botany was addressed by two Doctors of theUniversity, Burton E. Livingston, professor of plant physiology in JohnsHopkins University, and Frank L. Stevens, professor of plant pathologyin the University of Illinois, and also by E. N. Transeau, a former graduate student of the University, and professor of ecology in Ohio StateUniversity.The Conference of Mathematics, Astronomy, and Physics was alsoaddressed by five Doctors of the University, as follows: Gordon F. Hull,ofessor of physics in Dartmouth College; Frank B. Jewett, assistanDEPARTMENTAL CONFERENCES 167chief engineer of the Western Electric Company, New York; WilliamR. Blair, director of the government observatory, Mt. Weather, Virginia;Oswald Veblen, professor of mathematics in Princeton University; andArnold Dresden, assistant professor of mathematics in the Universityof Wisconsin.It was the general verdict of the visiting Doctors and Masters thatthe pleasure of reunion made possible by the conferences and dinnersfar exceeded their anticipation. The mutual esteem of the Universityand the men and women it has trained was so obvious that the wholeatmosphere of the occasion was that of a genuine home-coming.THE QUARTER-CENTENNIALEXHIBITSThe Committee on Exhibits as originally appointed consisted of thefollowing persons: Dr. J. S. Dickerson, Mr. J. O. Murdock, and Mr.Ernest D. Burton, who associated with themselves, as members of theCommittee, Mr. Maurice Block, Mr. J. B. Canning, Professor H. C.Cowles, Professor J. Paul Goode, Miss Helen C. Gunsaulus, AssistantProfessor N. M. Harris, Mr. E. A. Henry, Principal F. W. Johnson,Miss Helen Johnston, Associate Professor R. L. Lyman, Mr. EdwardH. Miller, Mr. Newman Miller, Dr. W. J. Monilaw, Mr. J. F. Moulds,Assistant Professor H. G. Moulton, Mr. W. A. Payne, Mr. N. C. Plimpton, Mr. E. E. Quantrell, Miss Marian J. Reynolds, Professor F. W.Shepardson, Mr. Denton H. Sparks, Mr. Henry D. Sulcer, and MissAgnes R. Wayman.The Committee was divided into the following subcommittees:Books Published by Members of the University, The University Press,Statistics, Photographs, Building Development, The Libraries, Athletics,Finances, Student and Alumni Activities, Departmental Exhibits,Installation.With the cordial consent of the Department of Physical Culture andAthletics, the main floor of the Bartlett Gymnasium was selected as theplace for the principal exhibit. Temporary movable partitions wereerected on the north, east, and south sides of this room and on therunning-track, making approximately twenty booths. In these boothsthe following exhibits were placed:Books written by members of the Faculties, Doctors of the University, and otheralumniThe University PressThe University LibrariesThe history of the University, illustrated by photographsUndergraduate and alumni activitiesDepartmental exhibits, representing the following departments and divisionsof the University: Education, Household Administration, Oriental Languages andLiteratures, Latin, Astronomy, Physics, Chemistry, Geography, Zoology, Anatomy,Botany, Pathology, Hygiene and Bacteriology, Correspondence-Study, PhysicalCulture and Athletics.The collection of books published by members of the Universityincluded about 3,300 volumes, that of the University Press about 697168THE QUARTER-CENTENNIAL EXHIBITS 169volumes. The exhibit of the Department of Oriental Languages consistedof pictures and transparencies illustrating the explorations of the Department in Egypt and Babylonia. The Department of Astronomy showedtwo cases of transparencies illustrating the work of Yerkes Observatory.The Department of Pathology showed a very extensive series of chartsillustrating the research work of the department in the development ofcancer. Other departments illustrated the character of their work bycharts and apparatus.A notable feature of the exhibits was a series of twelve large mounteddiagrams or graphs illustrating the following aspects of the University'sdevelopment:I. Finance1. Endowment (by years)2. Gifts received (by years)3. Investments in buildings and grounds (by years)4. Budget: Income, ExpenditureII. Library1. Library Staff (by years)2. Acquisition of books (by years)3. Books accessioned (by years)4. Growth in circulation (by years)III. General, University of Chicago1. Registrants; (a) students, (b) three-quarter basis (by years)2. Course registration, three-quarter basis (by years)3. Growth of curriculum (by years)4. Faculty, by years and classes, three-quarter basis (by years)5. Degrees conferred, three-quarter basis (by years)6. Map of the United States: Source of students7. Map of the United States: Distribution of graduates8. Map of the World: Source of students; Distribution of graduatesThese graphs were hung upon the railing of the running-track andthe spaces between them were filled with University flags and shields.The material for these graphs was furnished by various University officesnotably those of the Auditor and Examiner. The graphs themselveswere constructed under the direction of Professor J. Paul Goode.The installation of the exhibits involved a large amount of labor,in which the various members of the Committee cheerfully took theirseveral parts. The main exhibit was open to the public on Saturday,June 3. As the room in which it was installed was used on Sunday forthe Convocation Religious Service, and because of the rain on Tuesday,for the Convocation Service, portions of the exhibit were observed inconnection with these exercises by the large audiences attending them.170 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDThe attendance at the exhibit was continued until Friday, June 30.,An exact record of attendance was kept from June 8 to 30, showing anaverage attendance of fifty persons per day.Through the co-operation of various departments of the University,the following temporary exhibits were also held simultaneously withthat in the Bartlett Gymnasium:I. Harper Memorial Library1. Incunabula owned by the University2. Manuscripts from the Durrett Collection3. The Butler-Gunsaulus autographs4. The Gunsaulus manuscripts and incunabula5. The Emma B. Hodge Collection of Melanchthoniana and Erasmiana6. Letters of Mr. Rockefeller, Mr. Gates, and President HarperII. Classics Building1. Paintings of the French Impressionist SchoolIn co-operation with the Renaissance Society of the University,one aim of which is to arrange for exhibitions of paintings and otherworks of art, this Committee secured for exhibition in the ClassicsBuilding a collection of modern paintings, chiefly of the Impressionist School. These were loaned by the Art Institute, Mr. MartinA. Ryerson, Dr. Frank W. Gunsaulus, and others. These paintingswere seen and studied by hundreds of persons and the success ofthe effort led the Department of the History of Art to follow it witha collection of similar and possibly more valuable paintings, whichhave remained on view during the Summer Quarter.2. Early Latin and Greek printed texts3. Illustrated books on classical archaeology4. Facsimiles of manuscripts in the Bastard CollectionIII. Haskell Library, Room 321. A collection of Bibles owned by the UniversityIV. School of Education Library1. A collection of illustrated juvenile booksIn addition, the following permanent collections of the Universitywere advertised by bulletins or otherwise:I. Harper Memorial Library1. An exhibit of rare books2. The George Morris Eckels Collection of Cromwelliana3. Manuscripts owned by the University4. The Erskine M. Phelps Collection of Napoleana5. The Ebenezer S. Lane Collection of rare and illustrated booksII. Haskell Oriental Museum1. The Egyptian and Assyrian museumsIII. Julius Rosenwald Hall1. The museum of Geology and GeographyIV. Walker Museum1. The museum of PaleontologyTHE QUARTER-CENTENNIAL EXHIBITS 171No record was kept of the visitors to the exhibits outside of BartlettGymnasium, but the total number was undoubtedly large.The sum appropriated for the work of this Committee was $2,400.The total expense incurred was about $2,200. A considerable portionof this amount was spent for things which will be of permanent valueto the University.The exhibit of the Department of Oriental Languages will be permanently placed in Haskell Oriental Museum, and the exhibit of theDepartment of Astronomy in Rosenwald Hall. The charts showing thedevelopment of the University will be transferred to the corridors ofthe East Tower of Harper Memorial Library and continued on exhibitionfor a time. The photographs showing the process of acquiring, cataloguing, and shelving books and the process of delivering books to readerswill be continued on exhibition in the Harper Memorial Library forpurposes of inspection. The photographs of the various reading-roomswill also be continued on exhibition in the Harper Memorial Library.The Committee is impressed with the eminent desirability of apermanent exhibit, resembling in some respects that which has justbeen held. Partly in consequence of the exhibits, the Libraries proposeat once to inaugurate an effort to secure and preserve permanentlyphotographs of all members of the Board of Trustees and of the Faculties,of all administrative officers of the University, and of all students whotake degrees at the University, also of University buildings and eventsof University history. But while this preservation of photographs willhave a certain historical value, in many cases the photographs thusobtained, or copies of them, should be permanently exhibited in buildingsof the University.Similarly, many of the charts showing the development of the University, perhaps on a reduced scale, might well be maintained and keptalways on view, being annually corrected up to date. Especially interesting and instructive would be a series of photographs of buildings,events, and persons, which would present to the eye the history of theUniversity year by year.It is to be hoped, and the Committee recommends, that in theerection of further buildings the possibility of wall space for permanentexhibit purposes may be kept in mind and plans gradually matured for apermanent exhibit, especially of objects which will tell the story of theUniversity's life.THE UNIVERSITY DINNERThe celebration of the Quarter-Centennial closed on Tuesdayevening, June 6, with the University Dinner in the new Ida Noyes Hall.To this had been invited many official guests, representative men andwomen of Chicago, sharing the honor with University department headsand with the relatively small group of pioneers who were members ofthe Faculty at the beginning. The company was so large that it wasnecessary to use both the dining-room and the spacious gymnasium, thelatter being selected for the after-dinner festivities. This first rathersevere test of the facilities of the new Hall only served to increase thehappiness of members of the University in the possession of such asplendidly equipped building."The program of brief addresses was opened by a felicitous speechby President Judson, who introduced Professor Coulter as the toast-master. The latter, in graceful words, welcomed each one of the speakers,who, together, represented all phases of the University life. The home-celebration idea of the week was adhered to, the "Chicago" thoughtbeing everywhere dominant. Mr. Arthur E. Bestor, '01, who was onthe Convocation program of the Decennial Celebration in 1901 asrepresentative of the student body, now spoke for the alumni of thecolleges. Miss Mary E. Courtenay, '09, expressed the gratitude of thewomen students because of their new home, her topic, "Echoes ofLexington" suggesting as great a revolution in student life as thatlarger political one which began on the famous Massachusetts green.Mr. Clifford W. Barnes, '93, the first Master of the University, was theappropriate representative of the graduate schools' alumni, sharing thisposition with Dr. Katherine B. Davis of the Doctors and with ProfessorGoodspeed of the Divinity School. The new honorary alumni foundopportunity to express their feelings through Dr. John M. Clarke andDr. George E. Hale, the latter's presence being particularly gratifyingbecause of his former connection with the University as a member ofthe Faculty. Dean Angell was the natural spokesman for the Faculties,whom he represented with his accustomed skill.It was a late hour when Mr. John D. Rockefeller, Jr., was called uponto speak on behalf of the Founder of the University. President Judson'sprediction that it would be morning before the last song was sung was172THE UNIVERSITY DINNER 173nearing realization. Despite such a handicap, however, Mr. Rockefelleragain proved his ability as an extremely interesting and forceful speakerand gave to the final program of the celebration a fitting ending.As the guests left the Hall, with its rich decorations, its insistentcharm, and its promise of great usefulness in days to come, the memoriesof the University Dinner seemed certain to abide, as marking the endof a notable commemoration with a social event of exceptional importanceand significance.THE CONVOCATION SERMON1By ALBERT PARKER FITCH, D.D.Esther 4:14: "Who knoweth whether thou art not come to the kingdom for such atime as this?"There may be still some among us who recall the once highly valued,but now largely forgotten, book from which these words are taken.Esther, a beautiful Jewish girl, has suddenly been elevated to vast andirresponsible power by being made the favorite in the harem of thePersian monarch. And, at the very moment when power is thus putinto her hands, a great disaster threatens to overwhelm her people.Through the machinations of their political enemies, the Jews throughout the kingdom are to be destroyed. So Mordecai, Esther's formerguardian, comes and begs her to plead for their lives before the king.When Esther demurs at undertaking so difficult, not to say dangerous,an office, Mordecai turns upon her with the rebuke of our text. Greatopportunities, he declares, bring with them corresponding obligations.Power is given for the precise purpose of its application to critical situations. "Who knoweth whether thou art not come to the kingdom forsuch a time as this?"Now the young men and women being graduated this month fromthe American universities stand where Esther did. By virtue of youryouth and your education, extraordinary power is put into your hands.By virtue of the critical situation which civilization is confronting, theobligation to use that power in the interests of the democracy is intensified. It is a mad world into which we send you out today; it is onlybecause so few of us possess imagination that we fail to realize theinsanity of the hour. If you had been told two years ago that the mostenlightened nations of Europe would deliberately set themselves todestroy the fertility of the land, the chief source of their sustenance —if you had been told that they were about to dig up, to a depth of twentyfeet over an area anywhere from twenty to thirty miles in width andnearly a thousand miles in extent, the barren subsoils, throwing themout upon the tillable soil, rendering great sections of the most fertileland of Europe unproductive for years to come — would you not have1 Delivered before the University of Chicago, June 4, 1916.174THE CONVOCATION SERMON 175said that they were mad ? Yet this is the very thing that we are witnessing today! If you had been told that these nations would not onlythrow away vast sums of money in the making of munitions and enginesof destruction but in so doing would also waste vast sums of capital, thebasis of an industrial civilization — throw away not merely wealth butthe means of producing wealth as literally as though they were dumpinggold by the bagful into the depths of the unplumbed sea, wasting capitaljust as water is wasted when it is poured upon the hot and thirsty sandsof the desert — would you not say that they had gone mad ? Yet thisvery thing the nations of Europe, who still represent the source and centerof Western civilization, are at this moment doing ! And what would youhave said had you been told that these same nations would deliberatelythrow away their youths, the young men who should be the begetters ofthe coming generation, upon whom civilization with all its complicatedstructure must depend for the boys and girls of the next generation?Would you not then have said that such nations must be mad ? Andours is a mad world, my masters, for at this very moment civilizationis thus committing suicide, and Europe is plunging the sword into herown heart. And finally, had you been told that the carefully built-up,insecure ethical idealism of our modern world, the slowly growing lawsand customs of justice and mercy and national good-will, respect forrighteousness, protection of the helpless, would by common consent berepudiated and thrown aside, would you not have said that the soul ofthe world had lost its bearings? Yet at this very moment we see ourboasted civilization more effective in its savagery and no less ruthlessin its practices than those primitive communities out of which it hasslowly and faithfully issued. Yes, ours is a mad world and we have aright to expect that clear thinking and ethically developed youth willrealize that sinister fact and inquire as to their obligation to the democracy in such a time as this.Now, if we are at all to understand the content of that obligation,we must try to get at something of the nature of the forces which are nowoperating about us and to forecast their probable effects upon the newworld in which we are about to play our part. And, first, it is clear thatout of this far-flung madness will come large and significant changes inthe social and economic order. Two facts of first-rate importance inviteyour attention. The first is the ever-intensifying strain and bitternessborn of the social and economic injustice which represents one of thecharacteristic problems of our hour. Two apparently exclusive theoriesof the state, the capitalistic and the socialistic theory, are struggling for176 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDthe social and political mastery of our democracy. I suppose that noone who has read and pondered the history of human movements believesthat one of these theories will by violent and spectacular means suddenlyovercome and crush out the other, or that either of them can be ignoredand suppressed and scorned and forced to remain permanently unheard.Rather, I suppose that we expect a new state slowly and painfully toemerge out of the present democracy, in which in some way shall bemerged many of the ideas and claims found in both of these opposingcamps. And then we expect this new state to become the field of anotherbattleground of conflicting ideas as, through the dust and turmoil of suchsuccessive conflicts, the political and social expression of a democracygrows. The other fact of first-rate importance is this. For eight millionmen the sword of war has cut the Gordian knot of an extreme andartificial civilization. These men have been removed from those habits,routines, conventions, those influences of home and church and state,which are the chief means of inhibiting radical and independent action.They have left behind all that unconscious pressure of local publicopinion which keeps men inert, respectable, and dull. They have goneto live in the almost indecent simplicity of the trenches, where they havelearned with what independence of those multiform luxuries which theyhad become to believe were necessities their days may be spent — wherethey have learned how easy it is for men, if they will, to exert their personal force and use their own initiative. Some of these men have notleft behind luxuries, but have come to them. Peasants, accustomed towooden shoon, now wear custom-made boots, with another pair readyfor instant use dangling from their cartridge belts; men who go cold andshivering through the winters of Central Europe now have their corduroyand sheepskin jackets; men who have never known more than onehearty meal a day are now receiving three. Most of all, the masters ofthese men are now impressing upon them by every device of exhortation,example, and command that there is only one way to settle importantdisputes and that the way of violence. It is impossible to estimate thepsychological change which this fact is going to make in the civilizationof Europe. Did I not say that it was a mad world, my masters 1For soon the war will end, and these eight million men, lean of body,iron of nerve, steel of will, will be returning — to what ? Some of themto ruined homes, to devastated industries, to industrial chaos; most ofthem to war taxes, already amounting to millions of pounds sterling,imposed upon those under which they already staggered before the warwas begun. And they will be returning to find a great multitude of theTHE CONVOCATION SERMON 177halt, the maim, the idiot, and the blind, the terrible victims of theirown strife, who must be accepted as charges upon their several communities. Now, what, think you, will these eight millions of men do ?Will they sullenly accept the intolerable conditions of their life, endeavoring to repair their ruined industries by selling goods for less than it costto make them in order to open new markets for their trade ? Will theybend docile necks to the crushing financial burdens, paying out highwages in still higher taxes, eking out with their wives and families astarved and miserable existence? Will they come flooding into thiscountry, which now has free trade in the most important of all commodities, the commodity of labor? Will they depress our inflatedwages, will they make our strike-breakers, our restless and irresponsiblearmy of the unemployed ? No man can say, but any one of us can saythat with this new element of vast and sinister potentiality, added to thevexed and strained situation of this democracy, the rate of the solutionof our social and industrial problems will be markedly accelerated. You,young men and women, will be called upon for clear thinking and quickaction in the business and industrial world to which you go; you willneed everything which this University has given you of sound sociologicaland economic theory. Most of all you will need that which it is theprecise office of a true university to have given you — power to see thingsclearly and to see them whole. For you have come to the kingdom forsuch a time as this.Again it is quite clear that there is now being fought out on thosetragic battlefields of Europe a strife between two quite hostile conceptionsof human government, the autocratic-socialistic on the one hand, thedemocratic-individualistic on the other. It is part of the fatuous complacency of this republic that we are still, on the whole, serenely surethat the forces of democracy will win the day. Yet there is very littleground for such shallow optimism. We base it on our complacent beliefthat the government of these United States is of course Deity's lastword in the inspired control of peoples, and that all men, when they seehow admirably our democracy works, in municipal, in legislative life,for instance, will hasten to accept its ways! But, as a matter of fact,there is no real ground for any such unthinking hope. Autocraticgovernments are still the most popular and by all odds the most potentand effective upon the face of the earth, because they look to the present;they are based upon things as they are; supporting the autocracy is theindubitable if humiliating fact of the terrible inequality of endowmentof human nature. Most men are not fit to govern themselves; many178 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDmen who might be fit do not wish to govern themselves. They wouldavoid the strenuous joys and difficult obligations of self-decision; theyprefer immediate efficiency to individual development; they choose thecomparative ease of the present as against the uncertain glories of thefuture. And as for the democracy, it represents precisely the oppositeview, and the chief ground for its justification in the present is itsunconquerable idealism. A democracy may be truly called a religiousstate because it is built, not upon things as they are, but upon things asin a far distant future we believe they are going to be. What is thegovernment of this republic at this moment ? It may well be called thepermitting, by the few and the fit, of their misgovernment by the manyand unfit for the sake of the great-grandchildren of them all. Can anyone claim, who has followed the municipal politics of Chicago, or scrutinized the actions of our state legislature, or watched the doings of thefederal Congress of this year of grace, that as a nation we are fit for self-government? No! To believe in the American democracy because ofits achievements is as unintelligent as it is futile. To be complacent overit is lamentable. To believe in it as the early expression of a sublimefaith in the future of the race, a determination to act the present in thelight of that future, this is sublime. It is glorious to be an Americanbecause America says, "We know that men are not fit for freedom now,but we believe freedom to be their inalienable right and their eventualdestiny, and, therefore, they shall be given the chance to understand it.We know that universal suffrage is a lamentable failure, and yet wepropose to multiply it by two and to give it to all, both the men and thewomen of this democracy, because we say that the only way to makecitizens is to make them in action, give them the chance to experimentwith the opportunities and obligations of citizenship." But such idealism as this is perilous because sublime, and who can say whether the dayhas yet come when mankind can accept and maintain it ? It is then adubious struggle, being fought out on the sodden fields of Flanders andthe bloody plains of Galicia. And what its outcome no man can foresee !Yet, in any event, it means new sets of political influences, significantchanges both in domestic and in foreign policies within this democracy.The war has brought us into the family of the nations; what place arewe to take there ? If the central powers win this strife, then an immenseimpetus toward further experiments in the socializing of industry, andthe centering of the control of public utilities in the state will be felt here.If the "entente" are found victorious, then those radical experimentsin pure democracy, such as the primaries, the referendum, the recall,THE CONVOCATION SERMON 179with which, without conspicuous success, we have been engaged, will befollowed by others, more radical in content and more far-reaching inextent. The next twenty years are going to see the American democracychange and develop for weal or woe as it has not done in all its previoushistory. The solemn obligation lies upon the educated youth, both menand women, who go out today from school to life, to devote themselvesto unselfish, intelligent, and persistent interest in the politics of thisrepublic. The nation has a right to demand of every educated youththat he despise alike the indifferentist and the self-seeker and dedicatethe learning given him by the state to its honorable, political service.For you are come to the kingdom for such a time as this.Again, it is quite clear that, most significant of all, we are seeingtoday in Europe a spiritual renaissance of humanity, and this obviouslyfor two reasons. Europe is drowned in blood and tears; the cry of heragony ascends even unto heaven. All the things of this world are beingstripped from her; that which man sets his heart upon has gone up insmoke and flame or down into the bloody dust. And Europe, deprivedof her material world, is discovering what Job in the ancient dramafound, what in every age of storm and stress men have discovered, thatbehind the sham and misery of the material world, beneath its cruelty,its injustice, its delusions, is another world untouched by all the madnessand the tears. It is to this world that the ancient home of our civilization is turning back! One cry ascends from the ruined homes and thestark battlefields of Europe: "If in this world only we have hope, weare of all men the most miserable"; and since it is the precise characteristic of religion that it offers most to men when they need most, it is nowto religion that men turn. And the other reason, infinitely moving, isthis. These thousands of soldiers who are marching day by day to theirdeath were, in the beginning, impelled thereto by a great wave of spiritualidealism, and in every sacrifice of life that idealism is regenerated andmaintained. What do you suppose is making all these lads, many ofthem no older than you who sit before me, lay down their lives likesheep on the slaughter fields of the western and eastern fronts ? Theyare not fighting for trade considerations, or commercial rivalries. Thesemotives may well actuate the men sitting in the easy chairs in thechancelleries. But young men do not die for a tariff! Nor are theyfighting for houses or lands or goods, for none of these things, alas, shallthey ever see. But all these men march singing to their death, theybreast it as the sobbing runner breasts the rope, they go down scornfulbefore many spears because they are giving up their lives for love, theiri8o THE UNIVERSITY RECORDvery breath for an idea. As the German lads charge up those one-timepleasant slopes of France about Verdun, they see before them Germania,guardian of their sacred Rhine. They sing "Deutschland iiber Alles,'1thinking of that Fatherland, all compounded of romance and legend andheroic deed, and for Germany the invisible entity, the real, becausespiritual, fact they gladly die. And the nonchalant English Tommy,cool and imperturbable amid shot and shell, running laughing to thefray — what does he fight for? Why, England! The Empire of theSeven Seas on which the sun never sets, that unique Anglo-Saxon civilization, incomparable for all its defects and blunders, the corporate spirit ofa race which produced Nelson and Drake, Tennyson and Kitchener andBrooke. Why does the English Tommy die so well ? Because his lifehas been given to something invisible, intangible, enduring from generation to generation — the spiritual ideal which fadeth not away. And sowith the French lad fighting so sublimely for la Ripublique, and theTurkish boy for Mahomet and the Crescent, and the Moujik for holyRussia — they are all laying down their lives for love, their breath foran idea.Now, out of such an immeasurable wealth of sacrifice, out of suchheight of vision and extremity of anguish, out of this love and these tearsof a continent, is certain to issue by the inexorable law of the universea profound spiritual change. It is not likely, I fear, to have any closeconnection with the organized expressions of religion; it is more likelyindeed to shake them to their very foundations, and perhaps beneficentlyto remake them. But the renaissance itself is already begun, and if thisnation, complacent and indifferent, removed from this titanic struggle,receives nothing from the conflict but economic gain, then when exhausted Europe sheathes the sword, she will indeed be crippled in allthose material means of civilization which we so egregiously overestimate,but she will be far, far beyond us in those things which make the realstrength of nations and are the conditions of their endurance — moralcourage, spiritual consecration, national visions and ideals. How solemnthen is the time as you come into your kingdom. Is there any word tobe said to the American youth more urgent than this, that unless yourgeneration shall be able to restore to this democracy its old vision ofmoral and spiritual values, unless it shall be able to say, We will have noaristocracy here except the aristocracy of character, no wisdom herewhich is not founded upon the fear of the Lord, no laws and practiceshere which are not based upon righteousness and justice, no materialTHE CONVOCATION SERMON 181means divorced from spiritual ends — unless it is able to say these things,the democracy is doomed.Finally, then, may I speak of the personal qualifications which youshould possess who are come to the kingdom for such a time as this ?If you are to meet the problems and the crises that are coming thick uponyou, then see to it first that you are men and women of intellectual integrity. Most American citizens are not conscious obscurantists, we do notmean to be mental evaders or cowards, yet the lack of mental character,the flabbiness of the American mind through lack of comprehensivethinking, is one of the most dangerous portents of this hour. These areno days to borrow one's opinions solely from editorials of a partisannewspaper; no days to hold one's ideas largely on aesthetic, sentimental,or traditional considerations. Yet the lack of real intellectual sanctionfor the average citizen's opinion is notorious, and nowhere more so thanamong the undergraduates of the American colleges. Children live byemotion, but the men and women of the coming generation must live byintelligence empowered by emotion. The war has revealed nothing morestartling than the spiritual disunion, the inchoate mind of this democracy.We find ourselves a loose aggregation of local and often conflictinginterests, semi-related traditions, vague and unrealized ideals. It isnot, first of all, military preparedness that America needs, but intellectualpreparedness. We cannot make the nation one by proceeding from without in. Compulsory military service in and of itself can accomplishlittle. Unity is not accomplished by uniforms. To make the nationone, we must give it one will; and to give it one will it must have acommon mind. It is to the absence of clear thinking that we owe ourlack of any vigorous and persistent foreign policy. The most seriousthing which now confronts us is our lack of mental adjustment to theproblems and responsibilities which the war has brought us. No, whatAmerica needs first of all for such a time as this is a mind, and where isshe to look for it if not here ?Secondly, you must see to it that you cultivate that rarest of modernvirtues, moral courage. For we must do more in these coming days thanthink inclusively and clearly. We must be both willing and able toapply our principle to action. Indeed, is there anything that Americaneeds more than this moral quality which divorces men from the baserpolicies of expediency, lifts them above the motives of immediate self-interest, enables them to judge questions candidly and fearlessly on theirown merits? Had we this moral courage today in this democracy,182 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDshould we have taken this question of national preparedness, more far-reaching in its implications than any that has come before us in fiftyyears, and have made a party issue of it ? If we were not moral cowards,should we play politics with it ? It is not to be forgotten that youngmen and young women of your age, nearly always distinguished forphysical courage, are most likely to be the slaves of the public opinionof their peers. Is there any more illuminating test for youth to makethan to inquire of its own soul if what it dares to dream of it dares to do ?Moral courage will be terribly needed if we are to face the future. Thecauses of this present conflict, as distinguished from its occasions, arecommon to all our Western civilization; if those causes are not removed,then a worse conflict will inevitably follow; yet to remove them calls noless for courage than for intelligence. For beneath all our modern life asits dominating motive lies that ruthless and pagan philosophy which, forthe moment, we popularly associate with the name of Nietzsche. Couldanything be more pharisaical or unjust than to suppose that any one ofthe modern nations of Europe has a monopoly of this ancient and brutalcreed, or is exclusively moved by it ? We see one expression of thisdestructive force in Prussian militarism and the invasion of the lowcountries. We see others in the Belgian brutalities of the Congo, inEngland's punitive expeditions, her ruthless exploitation of commercially desirable lands, in Russia's bureaucracy. We see othersin those scraps of paper known as our treaties with the North AmericanIndians, in our conquest of Texas and New Mexico, most of all in oursocial and economic and industrial life. No, the world-disaster, like allother world-phenomena, has world-causes behind it, and the responsibility for them is common to us all. Most of all in trade and commercialrelations must we set our face against this brutal philosophy in the futureif the world is to be saved from another and worse disaster. Will youhave the moral courage to oppose the raising high again of the walls ofa preferential tariff ? Will you have the courage to insist that there canbe no just and enlightened policy for one nation which can be maintained only at the cost of others ? For you are come to the kingdom toshow this kind of moral courage in a time like this.Finally, you must be possessed of infinite patience. May the collegesend you out today, having taught you within her walls collectedness ofpurpose, power to keep everlastingly at it. If the war has taught usanything it is this, that it is only in devious ways, with slow detours likea much-tacking ship upon the sea, that humanity moves onward. Youcan do little with the generation into which you are coming unless youTEE CONVOCATION SERMON 183have learned how to have patience with yourselves, infinite patience withmen, unless you have achieved faith in the ultimate triumph of truth sothat you can endure as seeing that which is invisible. But if you haveintellectual integrity and moral courage and this truly sublime qualityof patience, and if you will work in your little moment of time and spacefor the freedom and the brotherhood of the race, for trade co-operation,for just and inclusive commercial policies, if you will oppose all war ofaggression and be willing to die for the defense of the moral and spiritualachievements of mankind, then you may be able to push forward, on thewave of this new spiritual life, which the sacrifice and suffering of thehour have created, our blind and pitiable humanity. Then your brothersperhaps will not have died in vain although they received not the promise, God having provided some better thing for you, so that the fulfilmentof their lives is in your hands! Then, perhaps, from those one-timepleasant slopes of France, from the fields of Flanders, and the plains ofGalicia, and the dreadful mountains of Armenia, there may come a soundlike the stirring of a mighty wind, and out of the myriad graves of thosesodden battlegrounds a voice shall issue, the voice of slaughteredEurope, the far-off call of the sacrificed youth— "We see, we see of thetravail of our souls and are satisfied!"MOBILIZATION1By JOHN HUSTON FINLEY, LL.D.President of the University of the State of New YorkIn the now historic summer of 19 14, 1 visited Oxford University twoor three weeks before the war came on, and Cambridge Univeristy asmany weeks after it had begun. At Oxford I found the calm of thecloister. There were memorials of poets, scholars, statesmen, princes,and soldiers, dim with years, which make our quarter of a century seembut a day, and there were ancient academic conventions that paid noheed to the passing customs of the world outside. But at Cambridge —Cambridge which but a month or six weeks before had been as Oxford —the town was filled with men in khaki. Thirty thousand "territorials"were encamped there. They marched through the streets. They rowedon the river Cam. They washed the dust from their faces in its waters.One of the colleges, Trinity, which I most wished to see, was closed inpreparation for use as a hospital. Here and there I saw a don in learnedcostume, and at the inn I heard a few students discussing matters ofphilosophy or science. But for the rest the glory of the school of Newtonand of Milton was forgotten in the rough preparation for the grim gameof war in the "sodden fields of Flanders."I have, however, one clear Cambridge memory that was not of thispreparedness. In St. John's College, through which I wandered alone,I found on the walls of the dining-hall, where it could look out into thestreet, the portrait of one of her sons who has written what AugustineBirrell has called the greatest satire on modern life since GulliversTravels — a portrait which the author had painted of himself before hewent off to the sheep ranches of Australia. It was a portrait of SamuelButler, whose book Erewhon described a land where there were " Collegesof Unreason," colleges in which students were promoted for excellencein vagueness and were plucked for insufficient trust in printed matter,colleges in which the principal professorships were those of inconsistencyand evasion, and the principal courses those in hypothetics, conductedin a hypothetical language; colleges in which mediocrity was fostered andintellectual overindulgence was looked upon as one of the most insidious1 Delivered before the Beta of Illinois Chapter of Phi Beta Kappa, on June 5, 1916.184MOBILIZATION 185and disgraceful forms of excess; colleges whose graduates almost invariably suffered from atrophy of individual opinions, and eventually became"stone dead to everything except the more superficial aspects of thematerial objects with which they came in contact."I wondered why the Cambridge mother let this portrait of thehandsome, dreamful young man, who became in age the bitter satiristof heavy figure, hang on her college walls, to mock her classical disciplinesand her unpractical courses, her cloistered ways, her worship of the past.Many a New World university might covet his presence to countenanceits practicality, its modernity, its academic freedom, its adventurousscholarship, and its fearlessness of mind.But today the youthful portrait is hanging in a hall almost deserted.The students of courses which he called "hypothetical" and "atrophying "have gone forth to prove the valor of their cloistered and unpracticallearning.At this season of the year, twelve months ago, there was publishedin the London Times a summary of the enlistments of the men of theseveral Cambridge colleges who had entered the war. Their namesfilled a book of seventy pages and showed a known total of 8,850 men,236 of whom had been killed and 423 wounded — an appalling mortality,due, it is claimed, to the exposed position which many of these men asplatoon commanders assumed. Ninety were mentioned in dispatches forbravery, 18 won the military cross, and 18 more won still higher distinction. Since then the enlistments have grown and the mortality hasmaintained its heroic percentage.And there are as brave figures to put beside these from Oxford —Oxford, who, as one has said, "hardly dares to count her dead": inNovember, 8,500 in the army, 600 killed, 75 missing. Add to this therecord of the smaller colleges: University of London, which has furnished over 2,000 officers; Manchester, 680 officers and a very largenumber of men in the ranks; Sheffield, 550; Leeds, almost 1,000 officersand men, including 415 officers; Bristol, 330 officers, with 500 more intraining; Edinburgh, 3,769 officers and men; Glasgow, 2,300, between300 and 400 working in munition plants and over 100 women in, orpreparing for, medical service; University College of Wales, 365;Dublin University, 1,500 officers and men from Trinity alone, and the85 public "schools," such as Eton, Winchester, Harrow, nearly half ahundred thousand officers and men.But even more significant of the spirit of learning in its ancient seatsis a paragraph accompanying the record in the Times of valorous servicei86 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDof learning's volunteers in the field, a paragraph which tells that a complete list of the members of Cambridge University has recently beencompiled, stating the service which each resident member feels he canmost usefully offer, and that the numerous laboratories at Cambridgehave been placed at the disposal of the government, with a clear andsuccinct statement of the work each laboratory can do best to promotethat end for which the armies are fighting in the trenches. "Cambridgehas mobilized herself," says the announcement, and in this has she setthe example, not of supreme, unquestioning self-abnegation, but ofsupreme, purposeful self-oblation.And so has an old and technical military word leaped to a universaland an exalted use in the world's vocabulary. Between the Oxford andthe Cambridge visits, in the first days of August, mobilization, in onelanguage or another, in this substantive form, or its verb relative, camesuddenly to be the first word in Europe's speech. It was on every lip,in the awed whispers of women and children or the hurrying preparationsof men. "In France," one has reported, "the days of the week and ofthe month do not exist. A new calendar is created." It takes its datesfrom the first day of "mobilization." And "mobilization" has evencome into the vocabulary of our people, most of whom had never heardthe word except in its Wall Street use, connoting the putting of wealthinto circulation.In the evening of the day that war was declared in England Itraveled from London to Folkstone in a compartment with men whowere units in that great European mobilization — six or seven Frenchmenand a Russian who had lived in England going back to their own colors.With them and hundreds more I crossed the Channel to Boulogne in thenight. Next morning I saw a thousand men in uniform along the quay,quietly, seriously standing there, with their glinting guns at parade rest,awaiting orders. It could not have been more than a half-hour laterthat I came again to the quay, but found it empty save for the fish wives.The soldiers had disappeared as if by magic. At Abbeville I saw athousand more, and the railroad station was already strewn with strawfor the wounded that might be borne back. As I walked to Dieppe inthe night, I stopped to ask the way at a peasant's cottage, and thefather and mother were, so I suspected, sitting up to make ready fortheir son's going. In the early morning I saw a young officer leaving aroadside cafe, and when I entered both mother and wife were still intears. In Dieppe the peasants were there before me with their commandeered horses and carts; and, already, seemingly heartless inspectorsMOBILIZATION 187were assigning them to this or that service. In Paris it was the same,except that the horses were motors, and one, whose limousine was taken,said: "I've given three sons to France. It is little enough to add that."And when I got back to England and Scotland it was the same. Isaw the Cameronians following their pipes one day, their sporrans showing; the next day they were off, no one knew where. The pipes weresilent and khaki covered their sporrans to protect them when they hadto crawl in the fields.This mobilization was a sudden transformation from a peace footingto a war footing, as we say it technically, but it was something far moresignificant. It was a mobilization of spirit, the sudden forgetting ofone's self-concerns and private belongings for a selfless service. In manyinstances, I am told, men did not even go to their homes from theiroffices, shops, or factories when the call came. They went straight tothe places of rendezvous and let their returned peace garments bearwitness of their going. It was because of this sudden going that I sawon the morning of the fifth of August only old men and women andchildren in the harvest fields of France.The mobilization was swift, complete, self-denying, heroic. It wasas if a spirit had swept across fields, through factory and street, from theUrals to the ocean, and cried: "If any man forsake not father or mother,wife and child, and follow me, he is none of mine."But the essence of mobilization is not mere mobility; it is mobilitywith a clear, common, selfless purpose and destination.A few years ago in a Phi Beta Kappa address I followed man throughhis development from a lower to a higher state of mobility, from feet towings (even as Maeterlinck traces the struggle in the plant to escapefrom immobility to mobility, from roots to feet), traced him from thepere-Nikian into a tele- Victorian age, in which the far has been conquered, and I found in that higher mobility the opportunity for the higherdevelopment of man's spirit.But mere mobility is only the opportunity. It may mean, after all,only vagrancy. Mobilization is purposeful, organized, destinatedmobility. It means the liberation and effective use of every latentforce — natural, economic, social, spiritual — that the nation has. It meansthe elimination of every waste: the "conspicuous waste" of the rich,the wastes of national vices, the wastes of inefficient government, thewastes of class struggle, and the supreme waste of unutilized talent andgenius. The two words "mobilization" and "mob" are the same inorigin. The mob was the mobile vulgus. Mobilization is the process byi88 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDwhich the mob becomes transfigured into something which is beyond thesum of its individuals, into a fleshless thing, as when all the members ofa human body become spirit in the utterance of some divine word or thedoing of some heroic deed.The whole problem of society, generically, is to determine to whatdegree the mobility of the individual shall be restrained, predestinated,by the collectivity.When a boy, out on these prairies, I used to hear the farmers, at thechurch door after Sunday service, discuss free moral agency and predestination by an omniscient God. We hear no more of that. Ourdiscussions now have narrower horizons and relate for the most part tofree financial agency and occupational predestination or vocationalguidance under a finite terrestrial government, which cannot predictaccurately always even tomorrow's weather.And the great question on the other side seems objectively to bewhether a highly organized, imperiously directed system of individualpredestination shall prevail in the earth; or whether there shall be asocial system under which individuals shall enjoy mobility, personalliberty in a great state, where personal activities have social value tothe commonwealth, but where at times all are called to practice certaincivic avocations in which the idea of service to the state is supreme overselfish considerations — where the mobile individual may, at any momentof need, become "mobilized."One of my companions on the night of August 4 was a French makerof meerschaum pipes who lived in London — and proud he was of hisoccupation, for he did not make ordinary pipes. He had closed hisshop in London and was going to find his uniform and outfit at Rouen.He was most courteous and helpful to me, serious and quiet in conversation, making no complaint of sacrifice, making no boast of patriotism;he even admitted a bit of fear in expressing the hope that whateverhappened it would not with him come to bayonets. This gives concreteillustration of what I mean by the "practical alternative" of personalfreedom coexistent with civic responsibility.I translate this experience into the terms of our everyday life, and Imake it graphic to myself by thinking that every man has an imaginaryuniform (as every German soldier and French soldier had his gray orhis blue and red uniform) of his own measurements always in readinessin home or shop or office or in some public locker, that he may don atcall of his community, state, or nation, or perhaps at some world-call:when under compulsion he goes to vote, to pay his taxes, to fight againstMOBILIZATION 189dishonesty, inefficiency, or waste, to inform himself upon public questions, or his public duties as one studies tactics, or goes to schools as analien to learn the language and institutions of a new land, or joins hisneighbors in promoting the health of his community, in conservingresources, in promoting means of healthful recreation for children andyouth, in improving the highways — when he performs any one of ahundred offices that are required of him as an efficient unit in an organized society. I am today a maker of meerschaum pipes, a peasantgathering my harvest, a college professor (as young Boutroux), a surgeon(as Carrel) ; tomorrow I slip on this invisible garment and I am a selfless,nameless, numbered patriot. And the next day I am working at mydelicate pipes again, back in my field, or at my desk, or in my privatelaboratory — that is, if I am not killed or wounded in battle or suffocated in the trenches.I think it vital that we should keep personal mobility — I mean, ofcourse, mobility of mind, of enterprise, of struggle. That is in itself aprecious thing. But there must be with it a frequent mobilization bythe common ideals, the needs, the purposes of a community, a state, anation, in which the individual community forgets itself.There must be the magic garment in every man's wardrobe whichwill take him outside of himself and his selfish interests, however worthythey may be.For I am thinking that what Maeterlinck said of the plants must betrue of human beings : the genius of the species, that indefinable, ineffablelonging, will somehow save us from the stupidity, the failure, the errorof the individual.The Scotch used to have a custom which they called "beating themarches." Yearly the inhabitants of a borough (or whatever the territorial division was) used to assemble and follow its boundaries, thatthey might keep them in mind and accurately know what they had toto defend. If we could but do that for every community, and with asserious and solemn a purpose!And war's prize lesson is to teach us, even in the seclusion of ouruniversities, to be mindful of our national marches, and not to be thinking alone of our little patches of literature, our private shooting preserves,of science or art, or even of the cottages which are our homes.There is something, however, even more precious than the geniusof the species; it is the genius of the variety, the soul of a race, the spiritof that complex of ideals, habits, beliefs, and institutions that marks offnation from nation, people from people.190 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDAll those who have watched with seeing eyes the sublime, if terrible,drama enacted in Europe have reported, not that nations are beingdestroyed, but that new and greater nations are being born. Nationafter nation rises to unexampled heights of self-sacrifice, arduous toil,simple living, and uncomplaining dying. The spiritual as well as thematerial life of the nations at war is being changed into somethingdifferent and better. Industry is reorganized on the basis of service tothe state instead of on a basis of profit and loss. Scholarship leaves itsmonastic calm to offer its power to the state. Medicine and science aremobilized. The able-bodied of the nation are in or near the blood-sodden trenches, and with them fight the women, the old men, and thechildren, not on battlefields, it is true, but in factory, grain field, andworkshop in some imperative national service — agriculture, manufacture,transportation, medical work, hospital work.This is no dream of an idealist; it is the calm report of the journalistand the business man and the trained observer. This is modern warwhere nations and not armies alone contend. I believe that in someunconscious way the fact of the divine compensations of the war havebeen felt in America even though we have no Emerson now alive to pointthem out. And I incline to the belief that America is anxiously takingthought of its condition — its inefficiencies of government, its multiformand conspicuous wastes, its crass materialisms, its brag and bluster, itsbad manners, its bad habits, and its inveterate provincialisms — and issearching for the way of salvation.Now the way of salvation here as in Europe is mobilization — thebuilding of a new America, a super-democracy. It is fair to supposethat the super-states of Europe will persist after the war. England willnever revert to that state of mind and heart that was England in 1913.France will never again be popularly described as decadent. And we ofthe United States have reason to dread the new competition of nationsthat will follow the war unless the depth and breadth of our spiritualmobilization measure up to those of the nations at war. We need amobilization of the national life — its industries, its transportationmachine, its churches, its schools, and its citizens — mobilization for thenew peace and the higher rivalry of nations.In peace the connection between learning and the need of the statebecomes obscure and indirect and impersonal, but today one sees illustrated in those venerable institutions the dependence of the state on thatlearning which has been the target of the practical men, but which hasnow come to shame the "slacker" and lead where the need is most peril-MOBILIZATION 191ous. No one doubts that if the same calls come out of the bomb-stainedsky, or the mine-spread sea, or the trench-plowed field to the colleges ofAmerica and their graduates there will be the same mobilization of spirit.I do not have anxiety as to this. But what I am concerned for is thateven without these signals we shall see this connection and shall mobilizeor prepare for mobilization our learning, our thinking, our courage, ourindustry, our skill, our art, our science, in the service of the same statewhich is as needful of defense in peace as ever it is in war. I wrote tothe philosopher William James a little time before his death, when thatdearly lost philosopher had made me see more clearly this connectionand this duty, that I not only wished to enlist myself but that I wouldtry to raise a regiment for my country. And I have been a recruitingsergeant ever since, trying to fill my phantom regiment for James'sinvisible and invincible army of those who are willing to pay a blood-tax in peace as well as in war for the privilege of belonging to a "collectivity" superior to their individual selves.I am wishing that everybody might be conscripted to give someservice to the state under a plan of constructive preparedness, everyselfish luxury and waste and indulgence commandeered, every usefulskill and science and art and industry called to the colors periodically,and a general mobilization for the common defense of our ideals compelled by our vision of an America that has a mission beyond commercialsupremacy.An Oxford professor tells of his supreme humiliation at seeing oneday men crowding one another to find room in a train going to the races,while the Oxford men were almost literally crowding their way into thetrenches, while Oxford halls were filled with wounded Britishers andrefugee Belgians. If we could but see that this is actually going on heretoday, that men, and women too, are crowding one another in runningafter selfish pleasure and wealth and luxury, while others are literallyfighting for them in private shop or public office with as great sacrificeand bravery as those splendid university men have shown on the rededge of the war.I would make "conscript" a noble word by making it synonymouswith "citizen" in a republic with a mission and an ideal worth fightingfor. Till that time comes may every American university man do whatevery Cambridge student has done, conscript himself, and each one offerto his country the best that he has to give. May American universitiesdo what Cambridge has done, not await government mobilization, butmobilize themselves!192 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDI ask you to think of our university fellows on the other side, of whatever name, who have made the supreme offer, who have endured everyconceivable hardship, and have gone to their death without flinching.Hellish as the conflict is, is it yet not to intimate to us how slight is oursacrifice, with what little fortitude we meet our disagreeable public duty,with what indifference we look upon even our most sacred obligations tothe state, and with what neglect we treat the lesser ones ?I have borrowed an incident from the life of the convent of St. Francisat Porziuncula, near Assisi, to make it express my tribute to those university brothers of ours across the seas, and to speak my hope for thePhi Beta Kappa men of America!Brave fellow, who hast died for others' sakeIn some wet, fetid trench or blasted field,I beg of earth thy skull that it may beA deathless symbol of thy fortitude!I'd make of this, thy crown, two porringers,One for my food and one for drink, that ITouching in hunger or in thirst their rimsMight learn to face without complaint my ills,Shun softness, luxury, and paunched ease,Know the close comradeship of fearless menIn such democracy as cheers the fit,Endure misfortune without bitterness,And fight as fiercely for my troubled landAs thou, O valiant one, hast fought for thine.I'd scour all Europe's battlefields to findSuch cups in which to pledge my country's life.THE RENAISSANCE SOCIETYActing upon a suggestion made by the Secretary of the University toDr. Ernest D. Burton, Director of Libraries — a suggestion which metwith the cordial approval of President Judson — a group of men met at theQuadrangle Club on the evening of April 20, 191 5. There were presentMr. E. D. Burton, Mr. J. S. Dickerson, Mr. W. Gardner Hale,Mr. J. C. M. Hanson, Mr. J. Laurence Laughlin, Mr. A. C. McLaughlin,Mr. J. M. Manly, Mr. D. A. Robertson, Mr. Paul Shorey, Mr. JamesWestfall Thompson.As a result of this conference, which considered the desirability offorming an organization as described below, the possible scope of itsactivities, and the outlines of a constitution, it was decided to call ameeting of persons interested in the objects and aims of a society devotedto providing influences that will contribute to the cultivation of the artsand the enrichment of the life of the community. The call for thismeeting was signed by those named above and by Mr. FerdinandSchevill, and read as follows:The undersigned members of the University beg leave to invite their colleaguesto a conference concerning the desirability of forming among friends and members ofthe University of Chicago a society to stimulate love of the beautiful and to enrichthe life of the community through the cultivation of the arts.This conference of those interested in the new movement was heldin Harper Assembly Room on the afternoon of June 3, 191 5. Mr. J.Laurence Laughlin presided. Brief remarks advocating the formationof a society such as had been proposed at the committee meeting of April20 were made by President Judson, Mr. Shiitze, Mr. Manly, Mr. Shorey,Mr. Angell, Mr. Burton, Mr. Michelson, and Mr. Dickerson. As aresult of this conference a committee, consisting of Mr. Laughlin,Mr. Burton, Mr. Angell, Mr. Salisbury, and Mr. Shorey, was appointedto take into consideration the organization of the proposed society and,in co-operation with a similar committee of citizens of Chicago, to presenta preliminary draft of a constitution.Meanwhile President Judson had given the matter of the proposedorganization not a little consideration. A dinner, to which were inviteda number of men of affairs, was given by him at the Chicago Club.These men approved the general idea involved in the proposed society193194 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDand approved the appointment of a committee to co-operate with thecommittee of five named above.The matter of joint action by the two committees having for variousreasons remained in abeyance for some months, it was at length decidedby those most cognizant with the situation (i.e., President Judson, andother gentlemen in the city with whom he consulted) that it was inexpedient to attempt to organize a society in the membership of which alarge number of persons outside the immediate University communitywould enrol themselves. Accordingly the committee of five, of whichMr. Laughlin was chairman, at length called a general meeting toconsider the organization of the new art society. This meeting was heldin the Classics Building on the evening of April 24, 1916. In connectionwith the meeting an exhibition of manuscripts, prints, and similar material was held in the Museum Room. Mr. Shorey, introduced by thepresiding officer, Mr. Laughlin, delivered a characteristically interestingand delightfully appropriate address on "The Service of Art."Mr. Burton presented the following draft of a constitution, whichwas unanimously adopted:1. Name. — The name of this organization shall be the Renaissance Society ofthe University of Chicago.2. Aim. — It shall be the aim of the Society to provide at the University suchmaterial means and personal influences as will contribute to the cultivation of thearts and the enrichment of the life of the community.3. Methods. — For the promotion of these ends the Society shall —a) Hold exhibitions of such objects of art as the University possesses.b) Arrange for loan exhibitions of paintings, sculpture, prints, manuscripts, books,and other objects of beauty or historical interest.c) Encourage gifts to the University of such objects, or of funds for the purchaseof them.d) Secure the delivery of lectures on the arts.e) Issue publications, and adopt such other means in furtherance of the aims ofthe Society as may seem desirable.4. Members. — There shall be three classes of members of the Society, life-members,sustaining members, and annual members. The life-membership fee shall be $100.00;the sustaining-membership fee shall be $10.00 a year; the annual-membership feeshall be $3.00, but in the case of resident students of the University, $1.00.Any member or friend of the University may become a member of the Societyon application for such membership, election by the Executive Committee, andpayment of the fee.5. Officers. — The officers of the Society shall be a president, not to exceed fivevice-presidents, a secretary, and a treasurer. The officers of the Society above named,with the addition of five members elected at large, shall constitute the ExecutiveCommittee of the Society. The officers and the additional members of the ExecutiveTHE RENAISSANCE SOCIETY 195Committee shall be elected at the annual meeting of the Society, and shall hold officefor one year, or until their successors are elected.6. Annual Meeting. — The annual meeting of the Society shall be held in May ofeach year at a date and place named by the Executive Committee. Other meetingsmay be called by the Executive Committee, or by the President (or a Vice-President)and one other member of the Executive Committee.7. Property. — All acquisitions of the Society, except money, shall become theproperty of the University of Chicago.A committee, consisting of Mr. Thompson, Mr. Burton, andMr. Lovett, was appointed to nominate officers under the constitutionadopted. The following, having been nominated as officers of the society,were unanimously elected: President, Mr. James R. Angell; Vice-Presidents, Mr. F. B. Tarbell and Mr. Albert A. Michelson; Secretary,Mr. David A. Robertson; Treasurer, Mr. Charles L. Hutchinson;Executive Committee, Mr. James H. Breasted, Mr. J. Spencer Dickerson,Mr. E. J. Goodspeed, Mr. Walter Sargent, and Mr. Ernest H. Wilkins.At the first meeting of the Executive Committee, held at the Quadrangle Club, Tuesday, May 16, the Committee filled the vacancies inthe list of officers by unanimously electing the following vice-presidents:Mrs. Martin A. Ryerson, Miss Lillian S. Cushman, and Mr. E. D.Burton.The first appropriation made by the Society was for the purpose ofassisting the Department of the History of Art in arranging for a loanexhibit of impressionistic paintings. The catalogue of the exhibit,which was on view during the Quarter-Centennial celebration, follows:SculptureI. Rodin 1 ' The Awakening of Spring ' '(1840—) Lent by Mrs. Chauncey J. BlairPaintings2. Monticelli "Fantasy"(1824-86) Lent by Mrs. Chauncey J. Blair3- Degas "Pastel"(1834—) Lent by Mr. Martin A. Ryerson4. Forain "Dans les Coulisses"(1852-) Lent by Mr. Martin A. Ryerson5. Monet "Portrait Study"(1832-84) Lent by Mr. Martin A. Ryerson6. Renoir "Two Girls"(1841-) Lent by Mr. Martin A. Ryerson7- Picasso "Study"(1881— ) Lent by Mr. Arthur J. Eddyig6 THE UNIVERSITY RECORD8. Puvis de Chavannes "The Fisherman's Family"(1824-98) Lent by the Art Institute of Chicago9- Cazin "Solitude"(1841-1901) Lent by the Art Institute of Chicago10. Cazin "The Repentance of Peter"Lent by Dr. F. W. Gunsaulus11. Whistler "Nocturne"(1834-1903) Lent by the Art Institute of Chicago12. Pissaro "Landscape"(1830—) Lent by Mrs. W. W. Kimball13- Sisley "Landscape"(1839-99) Lent by Mrs. W. W. Kimball14. Monet "Charing Cross Bridge"(1840—) Lent by Mr. Martin A. RyersonIS- Monet "Town on Water-Edge"Lent by Mr. Martin A. Ryerson16. Monet "Cliffs at Pourville"Lent by Mr. Martin A. Ryerson17. Le Sidaner "Venetian Nocturne"(1862—) Lent by Mrs. Chauncey J. Blair18. Andre* "Anduze"(1870-) Lent by Mr. Martin A. Ryerson19. Guillaumin "River Scene"(1841--) Lent by Mr. Martin A. Ryerson20. Erbin "Landscape"(Contemporary) Lent by Mr. Arthur J. EddyAt a meeting of the Executive Committee held June 12 at the Quadrangle Club a committee of three members of the Executive Committeewas appointed to pass on the desirability of accepting such gifts as maybe offered to the Society. Mr. Tarbell, Mr. Wilkins, and Mr. Breastedwill serve as this committee. It was decided also to appoint Mr. E. D.Burton custodian of gifts until they are delivered to the University, or,if not accepted, returned to the donors.At the same meeting steps were taken to emphasize during theSummer Quarter the availability of artistic exhibits both in the University and in other Chicago institutions, and especially to arrange a loanexhibition of paintings generously proffered by Mr. Martin A. Ryerson.About sixty persons have already joined the Society.THE SEMICENTENNIAL CELEBRATION OF THE DIVINITYSCHOOLThe celebration of the semicentennial of the Divinity School includedseveral conferences on themes related to different departments of theschool. Papers were read by former students of the Divinity School.The first conference, presided over by Professor J. M. P. Smith, was heldon Friday morning, June 2. Papers were read by Leroy Waterman,professor of Semitic Languages and Literatures in the University ofMichigan, Rev. J. F. Vichert, dean of the Hamilton Theological Seminary, and Rev. F. O. Erb, pastor of the Free Street Baptist Church,Portland, Maine.On Friday afternoon was held a conference of the Divinity Schoolwith other theological schools of Chicago, the general theme of whichwas "Theological Education in Chicago." Dean Shailer Mathews presided, and addresses were delivered by President J. G. K. McClure ofMcCormick Theological Seminary and President C. M. Stuart ofGarrett Biblical Institute, Northwestern University. In the evening adinner was given to the members of the Theological Faculties Union ofChicago, at which Professor Gerald B. Smith presided. Among thespeakers were President O. S. Davis of the Chicago Theological Seminary,Professor S. A. B. Mercer of the Western Theological Seminary, Chicago,and President A. P. Fitch of the Andover Theological Seminary, Cambridge, Massachusetts.On Monday afternoon Dean Mathews, in the absence of PresidentJudson, presided over the session especially devoted to the recognitionof the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the Divinity School, andgave a brief historical statement covering the beginnings of theologicaleducation in Chicago and the growth of recent years. Two addresseswere given, the first by Professor A. C. McGiffert of the Union Theological Seminary on "The Progress of Theological Thought during the PastFifty Years," and the second by President W. H. P. Faunce of BrownUniversity on "Religious Advance in Fifty Years."The conference on Tuesday morning was presided over by ProfessorT. G. Soares. Papers were read by Professor H. B. Carre of Vanderbilt197198 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDUniversity, Professor D. C. Macintosh of Yale University, and Rev.0. J. Price, pastor of the First Church, Lansing, Michigan.More than one hundred alumni and friends were present at thedinner on Tuesday evening, presided over by Dr. Ernest D. Burton.Professor F. L. Anderson of the Newton Theological Institution gavesome vivid and intensely interesting pictures of Morgan Park days. Hewas followed by President E. A. Hanley of Franklin College and Dr.Allan Hoben of the Divinity School.The most largely attended occasion of the Divinity School jubileewas the conference held on Sunday evening in Leon Mandel AssemblyHall, which was well filled with friends from far and near. The generalsubject was "The Divinity School and the Churches." Dr. JohnGordon, a graduate of the Old University of Chicago, of the class of '8i,and dean of the Divinity School of Temple University, related reminiscences of the early days. Rev. John W. Hoag, pastor of the WoodwardAvenue Church, Detroit, Michigan, and a graduate of Chicago, '05,discussed helpfully the message of the minister to the present age.At the convocation on June 6, the degree of Doctor of Divinity wasconferred upon President Henry Churchill King of Oberlin College, andupon Rev. William Coleman Bitting, pastor of the Second Church,St. Louis, Missouri.EVENTS: PAST AND FUTURETHE NINETY-NINTH CONVOCATIONAt the Ninety-ninth Convocation theAward of Honors included the electionof six students to membership in theChicago Chapter of the Order of theCoif, seventeen students to membershipin Sigma Xi, and thirty-six students tomembership in the Beta of Illinois Chapter of Phi Beta Kappa.Degrees and titles were conferred asfollows: The Colleges: the title of Associate, 83; the certificate of the College ofEducation, 35; the degree of Bachelorof Arts, 14; the degree of Bachelor ofPhilosophy, 197; the degree of Bachelorof Science, 92. The Divinity School:the degree of Master of Arts, 25; thedegree of Bachelor of Divinity, 6. TheLaw School: the degree of Bachelor ofLaws, 6; the degree of Doctor of Law,32. The Graduate Schools of Arts,Literature, and Science: the degreeof Master of Arts, 33; the degree ofMaster of Science, 19; the degree ofDoctor of Philosophy, 34. Fourteenhonorary degrees were conferred. Thetotal number of degrees conferred (notincluding titles and certificates) was 472.During the academic year 1915-16 thefollowing titles, certificates, and degreeshave been conferred by the University.The title of Associate 35*The certificate of the two years' coursein the College of Education 50The degree of Bachelor of Arts, Philosophy, or Science 433The degree of Bachelor of Arts, Philosophy, or Science, in Education 8oThe degree of Bachelor of Laws 6The degree of Master of Arts in theDivinity School 44The degree of Master of Arts or Sciencein the Graduate Schools 141The degree of Bachelor of Divinity 13The degree of Doctor of Law 55The degree of Doctor of Philosophy inthe Divinity School ; • 7The degree of Doctor of Philosophy inthe Graduate Schools 79GENERAL ITEMSMembers of the University Faculties,alumni, and students who have enteredthe federal military service, are as follows: First CavalryMachine Gun TroopHarry BlitzstenSamuel CohnLehman Sanger EttelsonAbba LipmanMayer LipmanAllan M. LoebFowler Beery McConnellCharles F. MayerSergeant A. C. von NoeLieutenant Paul O'DonnellEdward C. ParkSergeant Troy ParkerFrank PreteJohn H. RoserTroop MCharles BrownJohn William ChapmanSergeant A. C. DonovanGeorge DorseyGeorge EckelsHoward Mumford JonesLieutenant Jewett D. MatthewsSergeant Leslie ParkerTroop LSam Lambert AdelsdorfJames Cunnea FitzgibbonsJ. Logan FoxSergeant Orrin A. JohnsonLieutenant HeppelArtilleryRoy B. BaldridgeKent ChandlerTheodore FordDonald HollingsworthJoseph LawlerGeorge MorrisReginald RobinsonMartin StevensHenry TenneyHoward WilkoffInfantryPaul Merchant"William Shakespeare— A MemorialAddress" was the title of a lecture givenon April 26 by Charles Mills Gayley,Litt.D., LL.D., professor of the Englishlanguage and literature in the Universityof Calif ornia. On April 2 7 William AllanNeilson, Ph.D., professor of English inHarvard University, lectured on the subject i ' Shakespeare and Religion. ' ' Theselectures, held in Leon Mandel AssemblyHall, were arranged for by the EnglishDepartment as a part of the celebrationof the Shakespeare tercentenary.199200 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDThe concert given by the choir of theRussian Cathedral of St. Nicholas, NewYork City, on May 2, in Leon MandelAssembly Hall, was an occasion of greatinterest and enthusiasm. The choir consisted of thirty members — men who camefrom Russia, and sons of Russian immigrants — under the leadership of Mr.Ivan T. Gorokofi of Moscow. Theappearance of the choir in Chicago andother western cities was made possiblethrough the courtesy of Mr. Charles R.Crane.M. Maurice Caullery, professor ofevolution in the University of Paris andexchange-professor at Harvard University, lectured in Harper AssemblyRoom on May 26. His subject was"Lamarck."On May 31, in connection withthe Quarter-Centennial Celebration, theEnglish Department presented the fourearly plays Sponsus, Second Shepherd'sPlay, Nice Wanton, and the Wooingof Nan. These plays, representing typesof English drama before the time ofShakespeare, aroused widespread interestwhen they were presented for the firsttime on February 25 as a part of thecelebration of the Shakespeare tercentenary.President Judson received the honorarydegree of Doctor of Laws from Northwestern University at its commencementheld on June 14.The honorary degree of Doctor ofChemistry was conferred upon Dr. JuliusStieglitz, June 14, by the University ofPittsburgh, with which is affiliated theMellon Institute of Industrial ChemicalResearch. Dr. Stieglitz gave the RushMedical College commencement addresson June 10. At the One-hundreth Convocation tobe held Friday, September 1, the Convocation orator will be President SamuelChiles Mitchell, Ph.D., D.D., LL.D.,Delaware College, Newark, Delaware.Of the several Quarter-Centennialevents a motion-picture record was madeincluding 1,875 feet of film. This filmwill be available without charge for meetings of alumni clubs throughout thecountry. Applications for use of the filmshould be made to the President's Office.UNIVERSITY PREACHERSThe University Preachers for theSummer Quarter are as follows:June 25 Rev. Professor George W. Richards, D.D., Theological Seminary of the Reformed Churchin the United States, Lancaster, PennsylvaniaJuly 2 Rev. Professor Lewis BealsFisher, D.D., LL.D." 9 Rev. Professor Herbert Lock-wood Willett, Ph.D." 16 Rev. Ozora Stearns Davis, Ph.D.,D.D., President of the ChicagoTheological Seminary" 23 Professor Shailer Mathews, D.D. ,LL.D., Dean of the DivinitySchool" 30 James A. Macdonald, LL.D.,Editor of the Toronto GlobeiToronto, CanadaAugust 6 David Jones Evans, Th.D.,Dean of William Jewell College, Liberty, Missouri" 13 Rev. Z. B. Phillips, D.D.,St. Peter's Episcopal Church,St. Louis, Missouri" 20 Rev. Professor Gerald BirneySmith, D.D." 27 (Convocation Sunday) PresidentJohn Abner Marquis, D.D.,LL.D., Coe College, CedarRapids, Iowa