Volume XII Number 1THEUniversity RecordJuly, 1907THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESSCHICAGO AND NEW YORKTHE UNIVERSITY RECORDOFTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOISSUED IN THE MONTHS OF JANUARY, APRIL, JULY, AND OCTOBERVolume XII TlJJLY IQ07 Number iCONTENTSPAGEFrontispiece: James Bryce, British Ambassador to the United States, Convocation OratorConvocation Address: What University Instruction May Do to Provide Intellectual Pleasures for LaterLife, by the Right Hon. James Bryce, D.G.L., LL.D., British Ambassador to the United States - iThe President's Quarterly Statement on the Condition of the University 7Address at the Eighty-fifth Commencement of Rush Medical College: The Psychic Side of Medicine,by Lewellys Franklin Barker, M.D., Professor of Medicine in Johns Hopkins University - - 12Mitchell Tower and Hutchinson Hall (full-page illustration), facing page 12Exercises Connected with the Sixty-third Convocation - - - - - - - - - -19Degrees Conferred at the Sixty-third Convocation - - - - - - - - - -19The Annual Meeting of the Alumni Association - - ----19The Convocation Luncheon of the Doctors of Philosophy 20A Banquet to Retiring Professors - - - - 21A New Volume on Physiography --- - - 22The Interpretation of Italy During the Last Two Centuries 23A New Anthology of English Poetry - - - 23The Church and the Changing Order - - - - " --24The Identification of a Nubian Temple by James Henry Breasted 24A Botanical Expedition to the Far Northwest - ----..----25The Palestine Travel-Study Class - - - - 25Geological Research in Alaska - - - - - - - - - 25Instructors for the Summer Quarter, 1907 ~- -- 26Shaksperean Comedy in Scammon Gardens - ----*.--.--- 26Recent Improvements on the University Campus - 27The Hull Gateway from Hull Court (full-page illustration), facing page 29The Faculties - - 29The Association of Doctors of Philosophy - -_-._. 39The Librarian's Accession Report for the Spring Quarter, 1907 '- - 42General Index of the University Record, Vol. XI, July, i9o6-April,i907The University Record is published quarterly. \ The subscription price is $1.00 per year; the price of single copiesis 25 cents. \ Postage is prepaid by the publishers on all orders from the United States, Mexico, Cuba, Porto Rico, PanamaCanal Zone, Republic of Panama, Hawaiian Islands, Philippine Islands, Guam, Tutuila (Samoa), Shanghai. \ Postage ischarged extra as follows : For Canada, 8 cents on annual subscriptions (total $1.08), on single copies, 2 cents (total 27 cents) ;for all other countries in the Postal Union, 16 cents on annual subscriptions (total $1.16), on single copies, 4 cents (total 29cents). \ Remittances should be made payable to The University of Chicago Press, and should be in Chicago or NewYork exchange, postal or. express money order. If local check is used, 10 cents must be added for collection.Claims for missing numbers should be made within the month following the regular month of publication. Thepublishers expect to supply missing numbers free only when they have been lost in transit.Business correspondence should be addressed to The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 111.Communications for the editor should be addressed to the Recorder of The University of Chicago, .Chicago, 111.Entered as second-class matter, August i, 1905, at the Past-Office at Chicago, 111., under the Act of Congress of July 16, 1894..JAMES BRYCEBritish Ambassador to the United StatesConvocation Orator, June it, 1907VOLUME XII NUMBER 1THEUniversity RecordJULY, iqo7WHAT UNIVERSITY INSTRUCTION MAY DO TO PROVIDE INTELLECTUAL PLEASURES FORLATER LIFE1BY THE RIGHT HONORABLE JAMES BRYCE, D.C.L, LL.D.British Ambassador to the United StatesYour University is placed in a wonderfulcity. In the rapidity of its growth, in the expansion of its trade and population, it hasno parallel in the modern world, not even inthis western world which has shown so manynew and startling phenomena. It owes itsprosperity, and it will owe that marvelousfuture to which it looks forward, to two things.One is the eager, ardent, restless spirit, keenlyperceptive and unweariedly active, of yourpeople. The other is modern science, whichhas made you the business center of the greatNorthwest and has enabled vast industrialenterprises to be started all round the commercial heart of your city. James Watt andthe other famous inventors who have followedhim are the men who have made Chicagopossible. Your people have turned the possibility into a reality. Two great departments ofhuman activity, production and transportation,have been all over the world transformed byscience, and the effect of the change is felt inevery other department.It must needs be felt in education also.1 Delivered on the occasion of the Sixty-third Convocation of the University, held in the Frank DickinsonBartlett Gymnasium, June n, 1907. Sixty years ago applied science was hardlytaught at all in schools and universities, andtheoretic science, except mathematics, not atall in schools and but little in universities. Nowscience has come to dominate the field of education, and in some countries is avenging herself for the contumely with which the old-fashioned curriculum used to treat her by nowherself trying to relegate the study of languageand literature to a secondary place. Nothingcould have been more foolish than the way inwhich some old-fashioned classical scholarsused to look down upon chemistry and physiology as vulgar subjects. But any men ofscience who wish to treat literature or historywith a like arrogance will make just as greata mistake.In England there are some signs of this arrogance, and it is becoming necessary to insistupon the importance of the human as opposedto the natural or scientific subjects. I hadthought that this might be the case here also.But I am assured that at least as respects theuniversities of America there is no suchdanger, and that you make ample provision forand give all due encouragement to the humanistic and literary subjects. Assuming this tobe so, assuming that for the purposes of a2 UNIVERSITY RECORDgeneral liberal education and also for the purpose of special preparation for the variousprofessions and occupations, all lines of studyare alike recognized and efficiently taught, Ipass to another aspect of what university education may accomplish.That which I ask you to join me in considering is the value and helpfulness to the individual man of scientific studies and of literarystudies respectively, not for success in any occupation or profession, nor for any other gainful purpose, but for what may be called theenjoyment of life after university educationhas ended.All education has two sides. It is meant toimpart the knowledge, the skill, the habits ofdiligence and concentration which are neededto secure practical success. It is also meantto form the character, to implant taste, to cultivate the imagination and the emotions, to prepare a man to enjoy those delights which belong to hours of leisure and to the inner lifewhich goes on, or ought to go on, all the timewithin his own breast.All studies contain the pleasure of puttingforth our powers, of mastering difficulties, ofacquiring new aptitudes, of making one's mental faculties quick and deft like one's fingers.It is a pleasure to see the intellect gleam andcut like a well-tempered and keen-edged sword.This kind of pleasure can be derived from allstudies, though not from all equally. Somegive a better intellectual training than others;some are better fitted for one particular type ofmind than for other types. But with these differences I don't propose to deal today. I amthinking of the training of the mind, not forwork but for enjoyment.Everyone of us ought to have a second orinner life, over and above that life which heleads among others for the purposes of his avocation, be it to gain money or power or fame,or be it to serve his country or his neighbors. He ought to have some pursuit, some taste1 — ifyou like, even some fad or hobby — to which hecan turn from the daily routine of his work forrest and for that change of occupation whichis the best kind of rest — something round whichhis thoughts can play when he is alone and inwhich he can realize his independence, his freedom from external demands and external restrictions. Whatever the taste or pursuit be,whether of a higher or of a commoner type,this is good for him. But of course the morewholesome and stimulating and elevating thetaste or pursuit is, so much the better for him.Now the question I ask you to consider isthis: What can instruction in natural sciencedo, and what can instruction in the humanor literary subjects do, to instil such tastes, tosuggest such pursuits? What sort of teachingand training can a university give to its student fit for him to carry away from the university as a permanent possession for his ownprivate use and pleasure, to be added to by hisexertions as he finds time and opportunity, notthat he may be richer or more famous, butthat he may be if possible wiser, and at anyrate happier ?The study of any branch of natural sciencehas one great charm in the fact that it openspossibilities of discovering new truth. Thereis hardly a branch of physics or chemistry, orbiology or natural history, in which the patientenquirer may not hope to enlarge the boundariesof knowledge. This is what makes science, asa professional occupation, so attractive. Thework is in itself interesting, perhaps even exciting, quite apart from any profit to one's self.But such work requires in most departmentsan elaborate provision of laboratories and apparatus, and in nearly all departments anamount of time constantly devoted to observation and experiment which practically restrictsit to those who make it the business of theirlife, and puts it out of the reach of personsUNIVERSITY RECORD 3actually engaged in some other occupation.Discoveries have been made by scientific amateurs. Benjamin Franklin and his contemporaries Cavendish and Priestly, are cases inpoint. But this is increasingly difficult. Fewlawyers or merchants or engineers or practising physicians can hope for time to enjoy thispleasure. The best that a scientific educationcan do for them is to start them with enoughknowledge to enable them to follow intelligently the onward march of scientific investigation.There is also a pleasure in meditating uponthe ultimate problems of matter, force, andlife, even if one cannot do anything towardsolving them. The unknown appeals to ourimagination, especially if we have imaginationenough to feel it all around us and to realizethe grandeur and solemnity of nature. Youall remember the majestic lines in which thegreat Roman poet declares his passionate desire that the divine mistresses of knowledgeshould explain to him the secrets of nature:Me vero primum dulces ante omnia Musae,Quarum sacra fero ingenti perculsus amore,Accipiant, coelique vias et sidera monstrent;Defectus solis varios, lunaeque labores ;Unde tremor terris ; qua vi maria alta tumescant,Objicibus ruptis, rursusque in se ipsa residant.The mysteries which chiefly excited Virgil'scuriosity were the movements of the heavenlybodies, the eclipses of the sun and moon, thecause of earthquakes, and the theory of the tides.Of these the two first and the last have so longago been explained that they no longer greatlyengage our thoughts, while the forces that produce earthquakes are at any rate partiallyknown. It is now that borderland of physics,chemistry, and metaphysics in which lie questions relating to the nature of matter itselfand the persistence of force under diverseforms which chiefly rouses our wonder, andmakes us speculate as to whether light may bethrown from that side upon the relations of what is called Matter to what is called Life andMind. Whoever possesses even a slight acquaintance with chemistry and physics is morecapable of following the course of investigation in this direction, than are persons altogether without scientific training; and theseproblems are even better fitted to touch a susceptible imagination than were those whichVirgil vainly sought to comprehend.In these ways natural science may appealeven to those whose daily course of life debarsthem from continuing to study it; and this isone of the reasons which suggests that someknowledge at least of the method and thefundamental conceptions of science, mathematical and physical, is a necessary part of aliberal education.What we call natural history (i. e., geology,botany, and zoology) stands on a somewhatdifferent footing. No pursuits give morepleasure, or a purer kind of pleasure, than thatgiven by these forms of enquiry. They takeone into nature, make one familiar with her,and generally involve active exertion of bodyas well as mind. The only drawback is thatit is difficult for the dweller in cities to enjoythem, except for a few holiday weeks in summer.If, however, we revert to the question ofhow much science can do to enrich and refineand give joy to that inner life whereof I havespoken, in the case of those whose occupationsforbid them to prosecute systematic scientificstudy, we shall find that the range of its influence is limited. It is only in certain pointsthat it appeals to the imagination, nor doesevery imagination respond. To the emotions,other than those of wonder and admiration, itdoes not directly appeal. It is remote from thehopes, the fears, the needs, the aspirations ofhuman life. While you are at work on thehydrocarbons in the college laboratory, yourcuriosity and interest is roused by the remark-4 UNIVERSITY RECORDable phenomena they present. But they do nothelp you to order your life and conversationaright. Euclid's geometry is interesting as amodel of exact deductive reasoning. One remembers it with pleasure. If one has time,one enjoys in later life the effort of solvingmathematical problems. But no one at a supreme moment of some moral struggle wasever able to find help and stimulus in thethought that the square described upon thehypotenuse of a right-angled triangle is equalto the squares described on the two other sidesthereof.By far the larger part of the life of everyman as a being who thinks and feels is thatwhich puts him into contact with human life,either with the lives of those whom he meetsor with the lives of those who in the past havedone memorable acts or left written wordsround which his own mind plays. Man himself is the principal thing on this globe as weknow it, and that which explains him has afterall the deepest interest for us.Accordingly when we consider the inner orpersonal or non-business life, it is the humansubjects which are best fitted to nourish it andillumine it. Under the human subjects I include history, philosophy and imaginative literature. History (of which biography is apart) covers all that man has thought and feltand planned and achieved. It is the best mirror of human nature, for it describes things inthe concrete, human nature not as we fancyit but as it is. It reveals to us not only whathas been, but how that which is has come tobe what it is. It explains our own generation— indeed it explains ourselves. Rightly understood, it does this better than all the dissertations and exhortations, perhaps better eventhan the sermons. That there are many doubtful questions in history does not materially reduce its value. The trained historian laughsat those who say that history is false because some things are uncertain; though no one willbe and ought to be more severe toward thosewho recklessly neglect or wilfully pervert thefacts so far as ascertainable.Psychology and ethics, though they are moreand more seeking, like history, to follow scientific methods, approach the study of humannature in a more abstract and general way thanhistory does. They have the great interest ofappealing directly to consciousness, and whoever has formed a taste for them will find thathe has an infinite field open for observationof the phenomena which he himself and thosearound him present. He may even experiment, but experiments, unless carefully conducted, may be as dangerous as those whichchemistry euphemistically describes as attendedby a sudden evolution of sound, light, andheat.Of literature, as apart from history andphilosophy, there are many branches, but thatwThich I seek to dwell upon for our presentpurpose is poetry and the imaginative treatment, whether in verse or in prose, of humanthemes. *Epic and dramatic poems present pictures of life as the highest constructive mindshave seen it. Reflective and lyric poems give thefinest expression to human emotion. In theirseveral ways they give voice to what in our bestmoments of vision or at our highest momentsof exaltation, we ordinary mortals are abledimly to feel but not to express. In this waythey both do instruct and stimulate us morethan anything else can do; and they also givepleasure by the perfection of their form. Inurging on you what universities may do to implant a love of literature which shall lastthrough life, let me lay especial stress upon theliterature of periods remote from our own.The narratives and the poetry of primitive peoples such as the ancient Hebrews, and theancient Greeks, and our own far-off Teutonicand Celtic forefathers have the incomparableUNIVERSITY RECORD 5merit of presenting thought and passion intheir simplest form. Among what has reachedus from those times we find some unsurpassedmodels of style. But apart from that merit,these early writings do us an immense servicein illuminating the annals of mankind as awhole, by making us feel our own identitywith the earlier phases of human society.They give a sense of the growth and development of the human spirit which carries us outof our own narrow horizon, which makes allthe movements of the world seem to be part ofone great drama, which saves us from fancyingourselves to be better or wiser than those whowent before, which ennobles life itself by theample prospect which it opens.Most — though not all — of the literature I amspeaking of can be properly enjoyed only inthe languages in which it was written. Theseare vulgarly called "dead languages." Let noone be afraid of that name. No language isdead which perfectly conveys thoughts that arealive and as full of energy now as they everwere. An idea or a feeling grandly expressedlives forever, and gives immortality to thewords that enshrine it.Let me add that it is in large measurethrough literature that we have been able toenjoy the pleasures of nature and those of art.Whoever possesses a sense for form and colormay appreciate a fine picture without anyknowledge of the technique of painting. Buthe will see comparatively little in it if hismind has not received the cultivation whichletters and history give. So one need not haveread the poets to be able to find delight in abeautiful landscape. But he will enjoy it farmore if he knows what Thomson, Cowper,Burns, Shelley, Ruskin, and above all Wordsworth have written. How much have theydone to increase the feeling for the charm ofnature in all who use our tongue ?What are the practical conclusions which I desire to submit to you as the result of theseremarks? They are two.The ardor with which the study of the physical sciences is now pursued for practical purposes, must not make us forget that educationhas to do a great deal more than turn out aman to succeed in business. It has got to givehim a power of enjoying the best pleasures.Science does open such pleasures, but they arenot so easily obtained and neither so wellfitted to stimulate and polish most minds, norso calculated to strengthen and refine the character, as those which can be drawn from thehuman or literary subjects.Secondly, in the study of such liteiary subjects as languages and history, we must beware of giving exclusive attention to thetechnical philological work and to purely critical enquiries. There is some risk that in theeagerness to apply exact methods, to secure accuracy and a mastery of detail, the literaryquality of the books read and the dramatic andpersonal aspect of the events and personsstudied may be toe little regarded. Exactmethods are excellent for the purposes oftraining in university years, but in afteryears it is the thoughts and style of the writers,the permanent significance or the romanticquality of the events that ought to dwell in themind. There is certainly in England a tendency, perhaps due to German influences, tohold that history ought in becoming scientific,to welcome dulness and dryness. It is said,I know not with what truth, that the sametendency is felt here. The ethical side and theromantic side may have been overdone in pasttime, but it must never be forgotten that oneof the aims of history is to illustrate humannature. We need throughout life to ha\e allthe light thrown upon human nature that history and philosophy can throw ; to have all thehelp and inspiration for our own lives thatpoetry can give. Much of everyone's work is6 UNIVERSITY RECORDdull and depressing, and that escape from dul-ness which the strain of fierce competition orbold speculation gives is a dangerous resource.It is better to feed what I have ventured to callthe inner life. Not all can succeed in life; nonecan escape its sorrows. He who under disappointments or sorrows has no resources withinhis own command beyond his business life,nothing to which he can turn to cheer or refresh his mind, wants a precious spring ofstrength and consolation.Nowhere in the world does there seem to be so large a part of the people that receive a university education as here in America. The effects of this will no doubt be felt in the cominggeneration. Let us hope they will be felt notonly in the complete equipment of your citizensfor public life and their warmer zeal for civicprogress, but also in a true perception of theessential elements of happiness, a larger capacity for enjoying those simple pleasureswhich the cultivation of taste and imaginationopens to us all.THE PRESIDENT'S QUARTERLY STATEMENTTHE BRITISH AMBASSADORFew things have given more genuine pleasureto the people of the United States than theappointment as British Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to this country of Mr.James Bryce. We recognize his close study andthorough comprehension of American institutions and character as far transcending that ofany other European writer or statesman.While thoroughly British in the best sense, weregard him as especially American also in thebest sense. We welcome him, therefore, as hiscountry's representative, not to our governmentalone from his king, but from the British nationto the American nation. We appreciate theprivilege of today receiving a message fromhim and of having him for our guest at theUniversity of Chicago. We feel it an honor tohave bestowed on him our own highest honorand we tender him our cordial thanks.INCREASE OF RESOURCESThe year just closing has been marked byvery interesting additions to the resources ofthe University. A large gift by the founder inJanuary of about three million dollars for endowment and for other purposes, not merelyresulted in cutting down largely the deficit inthe University budget, but also, as was announced at the Spring Convocation, made itpossible to increase the expenditures by aboutforty thousand dollars a year. This enabledthe University to make a considerable numberof much needed advances in salaries, upward1 Presented on the occasion of the Sixty-third Convocation of the University, held in the Frank DickinsonBartlett Gymnasium, June n, 1907. ON THE CONDITION OF THE UNIVERSITY1of eighty members of the faculty being included. In this way a beginning was made towardwhat I believe to be one of the first necessitiesof the institution. During the Spring Quarteranother large and very interesting gift by thefounder has added greatly to our resources.Those of us who can look back to the foundingof the University and remember the grave debates as to whether two blocks of land wouldbe enough for all future expansion and whetherfour blocks would not really be excessive andextravagant can but smile as we realize todaythe area included in the University campus..In lieu of the four blocks of the originalquadrangles bounded by Lexington and Ellis;Avenues on the east and west and by Fifty-Seventh and Fifty-Ninth Streets on the northand south, the University has gradually acquired contiguous properties until three monthsago its lands covered the Midway frontage onthe north side of the parkway from MadisonAvenue on the east to Cottage Grove Avenueon the west. The growth of a university isvery difficult to forecast. What seems unlikelyin one generation another makes reality. Whatseems a large area at one time, within a fewdecades is in fact sufficient simply to cramp theentire institution and prevent its due development. Looking ahead to the far future itseemed that the acquisition of this magnificentproperty on the north side of the Midwaywould afford an outlet for the upbuilding of aninstitution beyond the dreams of its originalfounders. Still the situation is such that eventhe possibility of being embarrassed by thelack of land in the distant future seems fromthe present point of view imperative to prevent.With that end in view, the founder has during8 UNIVERSITY RECORDthe Spring Quarter presented the Universityanother great tract of land, comprising the entire Midway frontage on the south side of theparkway from Madison Avenue to CottageGrove Avenue. This makes the entire acreageto be devoted to the University quadrangles alittle more than one hundred acres. In thelight of this gift, the dream of the Midwaylined on both sides with great, gray buildings,topped with red roofs and lofty towers and pinnacles, is hardly visionary. In the light of thelast fifteen years' experience such dreams wemay expect to see ultimately transmuted intosolid stone. If the plan of the park commissioners for lagoons extending from Washington to Jackson Parks, connecting with the newlagoons which will extend from Grant Parkto Jackson Park, is carried out, and if inconnection with that the lagoon should be extended so as to touch the University grounds,thus enabling us to have immediate access tothis congeries of waterways, the Universitywill have a unique and beautiful site beyond thepower of words adequately to describe. Ourguests will realize that we in this westernworld are much given to discussing the future.It is because the future has meant so much tothe West that the West has been able to create-in so solid a form its present massive civilization. In projecting these dreams into tomorrow we feel that we are not visionaries; weare simply making prosaic plans toward whatwe confidently believe to be a substantial andmagnificent reality. The total value of thisnew addition to our grounds is estimated todayat about two million dollars; thus the entirebenefactions to the University by the founderin 1907 to date is about five million dollars.May I add that this great expanse of empty landfacing the Midway on both sides suggests a tempting opportunity for those in our city whomay wish to perpetuate their names by therearing of great buildings to carry out the purposes of the constantly growing Universitywork ? I do not know of an opportunity of thekind more inviting; and may we not sincerelytrust that many will realize it and avail themselves of it in the days not far to come.The Auditor's report indicates that thetotal gifts paid into the University treasury from March 19, 1907, to June 8, 1907,amount to $1,678,223.98. This includes additional lands for the campus, cash received fromthe Ogden endowment, cash paid on pledgesalready made for current expenses for thepure-water system which will shortly be completely installed, for expenses of UniversityCollege in past years, and for sundry lesserpurposes. May I mention in this connection agift of four hundred dollars from a friend ofthe University in Chicago made for zoologicalresearch and two hundred dollars for a specialfellowship in Political Economy.NEW APPOINTMENTSThe following new appointments have beenmade during the quarter:** Charles Scofield Blair, to a Research Assistantship inGeology.4 J. Claude Jones, to a Research Assistantship in, Geology.«$ Arthur Carleton Trowbridge, to a Laboratory Assistantship in Geology.\ Frank Adolph St. Sure, to an Assistantship in Anato-my** Stephen Walter Ransom, to an Assistantship in Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Physiology.^ Hermann Irving Schlesinger, to an Associateship inChemistry.** Otis William Caldwell, to an Associate-Professorshipin Botany and Supervisorship of Nature Study in theSchool of Education.UNIVERSITY RECORD 9PROMOTIONSThe following promotions have been madeduring1 the quarter:J Storrs Barrows Barrett, Associate in Astronomy, to,an Instructorship.•J Philip Fox, Associate in Astrophysics, to an Instructorship.4 Robert James Wallace, Associate in Photophysics inthe Department of Astronomy, to an Instructorship.4 Clyde Weber Votaw, Assistant Professor in the Department of New Testament Literature, to an AssociateProfessorship.| Robert Morss Lovett, Dean in the Junior Colleges, tobe Dean of the Junior Colleges.4 George Edgar Vincent, Dean of the Junior Colleges, tobe Dean of the Faculties of Arts, Literature, andScience.THE SCHOOL OF EDUCATIONWith the close of the current quarter theSchool of Education ceases to be carried onunder contract with the trustees of the Chicago Institute, and becomes an integral part ofthe University. The task of developing andupbuilding this interesting and valuable institution lies immediately before us. Plans willnecessarily be made for the extension of itswork as well as for placing that work on asecure and permanent basis. The spirit of theschool has been and is admirable, andthe University confidently expects to reara college of education, with its secondaryand elementary schools, which shall be of greatvalue to the science of teaching, and whichshall be in the future more than in the pastan honor to the University.UNIVERSITY COLLEGEThe past year witnessed the transfer of University College, hereto fore conducted in the FineArts Building, to Emmons Blaine Hall in theUniversity quadrangles. It was of courseexpected that the change would result in alarge falling off in attendance, as the quadrangles are not in all respects so conveniently accessible as the center of the city. In point offact, there have been 166 students in attendance through the year. Work has been givenin some ten to a dozen different departments,and the classes have been carried on with entiresuccess. The University is not as difficult ofaccess as is commonly believed. The rooms inEmmons Blaine Hall are so commodious ascompared with those in an office building thatin point of fact there has been on that side avery considerable gain in the efficiency of thework. There is reason to believe that theseclasses will continue during the coming yearon a larger basis and with larger success. TheUniversity would welcome a special gift whichmight enable that work to be made even moreuseful for the teachers of the city.THE LECTURE-STUDY DEPARTMENTThe work of the Lecture-Study Departmentof the University Extension Division for theyear has been marked by few departures eitherin method or results. During the year thetotal number of courses, of six lectures each,was 191, with a total attendance of 51,772. Inconnection with 91 of these courses, classeswith an aggregate attendance of 14,192 wereconducted by the lecturers. Thirty-four lecturers, the largest number in the history of theDepartment, participated in the work of theyear.There has been a noticeable and healthfulgrowth in the work in teachers' institutes andChautauqua assemblies authorized by the University Extension Board two years ago. Thetime of one instructor has been employed almost exclusively during the summer and autumn in the delivery of courses of lectures inteachers' institutes — ten lectures, two each day,being delivered in each institute. A number ofother men have been engaged in the same workless regularly. This is a fruitful and legitimate10 UNIVERSITY RECORDfield for the work of the Department and onecapable of great expansion if the Universitycan supply instructors adapted to the work.THE CORRESPONDENCE-STUDY DEPARTMENTThis Spring Quarter brings to a close themost successful year in the history of the Correspondence-study Department. The total receipts from matriculation and tuition amount tomore than $25,000, which is a 24 per cent, increase over the income for last year. Whileaccurate figures are not yet available, we mayinfer from this increase in receipts that thetotal number of active students during 1906-7approximated 2,000. Of these, 469 matriculated in the University through the Correspondence-study Department. This is 19.3 percent, of the whole number who matriculated inthe University during the twelve months.Keeping pace with this external growth hasbeen the internal development. Upward of 125members of the University staff have been engaged in directing the work of the non-residentstudents. A large number of new courses havebeen provided and old ones rewritten. Variousmethods tending to systematize and expediteboth the work of the instructors and the workof the central office have been adopted, withresulting increase in total efficiency and in theaverage amount of work accomplished by eachstudent.The beginning of a series of courses for railway employees is one of the prominent andpromising features of the year's work. Fourcourses, "Railway Conditions," "Freight Operation," "Track and Track Maintenance," and"Railway Auditing," corresponding to coursesthat have been given during past years in University College to local railroaders, are nowmade available to those less favorably situated.This is in accordance with the plan of theAdvisory Board on Railway Education to placein the hands of railway employees substantialopportunities of increasing personal efficiencyand thereby qualifying themselves for more re sponsible duties as well as for the better discharge of present duties.The hearty co-operation of the chief executives of most of the large railway systemsentering Chicago in bringing these courses tothe knowledge of their men is fully appreciated, for it makes it possible, not only to helpindividuals here and there, but to acquaint tensof thousands, to whom university ideals andaims are little known, with the practical aspectof these ideals and aims. This is no small partof the fruitful influence of the Correspondence-study Department.GIFTS TO THE LAW SCHOOLSome years ago Mr. Charles B. Pike, of Chicago, made a large collection of engravings andetchings of English and American judges andlawyers. During the past quarter he has verygenerously framed the pictures in a suitablemanner and loaned the entire collection, comprising nearly 250 portraits, to the Law School.Most of these are pictures of English judges,many of them engraved from famous paintingsupon large plates. A series of signed artist'sproof etchings of all the judges of the UnitedStates Supreme Court is a feature of the collection. The lecture-rooms in the Law Buildinghave been greatly adorned and dignified by thehanging of these pictures.ATTENDANCEThe attendance in the quarter just closed isabout the same as in the corresponding quarterof 1906. During the year 1906-7 the JuniorCollege students have been held quite rigidlyto a high standard of work, and those foundout of place in the Colleges have been dismissed. In this way the number in attendance hasbeen lessened, to the considerable advantageof the morale of the College. This policy thefaculty will continue. Numbers are less important than quality.UNIVERSITY RECORD 11ATTENDANCE, SPRING QUARTER, 1907 ATTENDANCE, SPRING QUARTER, 1907— ContinuedM W Total1907 Total1906 Gain LossI. The Departments ofArts, Literature, andScience1. The GraduateSchools —Arts and Literature 99(idup)145 92(idup)23 191168 201162 6 10Total 24422233546 1x524726849 35946960395 36345365692 163 42. The Colleges —48Unclassified Total 603847 5^4679 1,1671,526 1,196i,559 2933Total Arts, Literatureand Science II. The ProfessionalSchools —1. The DivinitySchool —96(3 dup)122542 67 1021942 95272936Unclassified Dano-Norwegian. . .Swedish English TheologicalTotal 175 13 188 187 1 M W Total1907 Total1906 Gain Loss2. Them Courses inMedicine —*Graduate 57499312 12 58519312 624210719*Senior ?Unclassified Total 130823126 31 133833126 140 73. The Law School —|L Candidate for LL.B.Unclassified Total 4. The College of Education?Duplicates in Other[Schools 13971 11769 14018310 129176632k,l9i140 111722Total Professional. . . .Total University 84521,299157 18521288132 1936542,180189 11Duplicates 49Net Totals 1,142 849 1,991 2,05lf 60?Deduct for duplication.tOwing to the change in the method of conducting University Collegecomparison is made with these registrations omitted.THE PSYCHIC SIDE OF MEDICINE1BY LEWELLYS FRANKLIN BARKER, M.D.Professor of Medicine in Johns Hopkins UniversityIt was matter of much gratification to mewhen I received from Dr. Hyde the cordial invitation of the Faculty of Rush MedicalCollege to give the commencement address thisyear. For as one of the members of thisFaculty I spent five of the happiest years ofmy life, and during that time the interests ofthis College were my interests, its studentswere my students, its professors, I am happyand proud to believe, my friends. An intimacyof relations is established during such a periodthat is not easily dissolved. For my part andwith your consent the union of interests willnot be disjoined; I trust that you will permitme permanently to regard myself a memberof this flourishing Rush family; sharing inyour hopes; helping to bear burdens, if needbe; rejoicing in your success.Let me preface what I have to say furtherby a word of congratulation to the graduatingclass. As professor of anatomy it was myprivilege to welcome the majority of you to theschool at the beginning of your studies, at atime when medicine was full of deep mysteries which you were eager to have revealedto you. During the last four years you havehad wonder after wonder unveiled before you,secret after secret disclosed. Doubtless, likethe student of Faust, yon have felt that theperiod of medical study has been eine kurze Zeit,Und, Gott! das Feld ist gar zu weit.Still you have had opportunity to appropriatethe best that hospital wards, medical men,medical laboratories, and medical books had togive you, and you are now prepared to go1 Delivered on the occasion of the Eigthy-fifth Commencement of Rush Medical College, held in the LeonMandel Assembly Hall, June 12, 1907. to the people and to use that best as your own.Paraphrasing Kipling, you are now ready towink at Billings down the road "an' Vll winkback — the same as us."All success to . you in your work ! Knowas you go out to it that the eyes of this Facultyfollow you with maternal solicitude, jealousfor your welfare, very desirous of your success, proudly expectant that you will reflecthonor upon the College responsible for yourmedical birth.THE PSYCHIC SIDE OF LIFENo commencement occasion is completewithout its pretended word of wisdom. Inthe few minutes assigned to me I desire tospeak briefly of the psychic side of medicine,because, in the first place, I fear that in ourenthusiasm for utilizing the results of thephysical sciences for advancing knowledge wesometimes lose sight of the great importanceof mental and moral relations for medicine;and, in the second place, I believe that if youwill pay attention from the beginning of yourpractice to this psychic side, as well as to thephysical side of disease, you will not onlycontribute powerfully to your personal success, but you will be of far greater service toyour patients and to the communities in whichyou practice than you could possibly be wereyou to be ignorant of its significance or to neglect it.There is a good deal of evidence availableto indicate that the mental and moral sciencesare before long to have their innings. Thephysical sciences have been doughty players,and we have been willing to allow them a longtenure of the wicket, but there is a general impression that it does no harm now and then to12MITCHELL TOWER AND HUTCHINSON HALLUNIVERSITY RECORD 13send them out into the field, and to let psychology, sociology, and ethics go to bat. Indeedpublic interest has already been actively drawntoward psychology, and the science of mentallife, with its investigations into the world ofour inner experiences, into the domain of conscious personality, has come to occupy a central position in contemporary thought. Nowit influences all occupations, and, more or less,it modifies and colors the conceptions of all theother sciences. During the year 1903 alonethere were published, according to Thorndike,over two thousand books and articles on psychology or allied topics, written by recognizedscientific workers. The subjects ranged fromthe "psychology of advertising" to the "psychology of religion," and from "habit formation in the crawfish" to the "aesthetics of unequal division." As Miinsterberg puts it, psychology, though it started in the narrow circles of philosophers,is now at home wherever mental life is touched. Thehistorian strives today for psychological explanation,the economist for psychological laws ; jurisprudence lookson the criminal from a psychological standpoint; medicine emphasizes the psychological value of its assistance ; the realistic artist and poet fight for psychologicaltruth ; the biologist mixes psychology in his theories ofevolution ; the philologist explains the languages psychologically ; and while aesthetical criticism systematicallycoquets with psychology, pedagogy seems ready even tomarry her.As a matter of fact, medicine has always paidmuch attention to the psychic side of disease;she has been forced to consider the psychicfactor, not only in coming to her diagnosis, but also in planning her treatment. Theconversation with the patient at the bedside,or the taking of what, in medical slang, wecall the anamnesis, is an instance in which themental factor has been definitely valued;furthermore, consciously or unconsciously,physicians have from time immemorial utilizedthe minds of their patients, directly or indirectly,to combat their ills*. What constitutes the more recent development in this field is themore extended and more precise application ofpsychic methods of inquiry and the elaborationand more conscious utilization of the methodsof mind-cure. x\voiding the illusions of psy-chologism on the one hand and the illusions ofmysticism on the other, modern medicine isstriving toward rational psychic diagnosis andrational psychotherapy.THE PSYCHIC INQUIRY AND PSYCHO-DIAGNOSISThe inquiry into the psychic state of apatient is often more important than the somatic inquiry. And yet how seldom does thephysician invest'gate systematically the mentalcondition. The technique of eliciting mentalsymptoms has to be learned and practised justas one has to learn and practise the techniqueof physical diagnosis. The old clinical conversation has to be modified and extended ifwe are to obtain results that are free fromsubjectivity and so accurate and precise thatthe records of one observer may be fairlycomparable with those of another. Psychiatryhas always suffered seriously from subjectivity; it is only since the exact methods of thepsychophysical laboratory have influenced psy-chopathological investigations that' it has beenpossible to gather case- Histories which are independent of the accidental subject of theobserver. I need only point to the "principleof uniform stimulus" and the "principle of thereaction-time" to illustrate the improvementbrought about by the inauguration of clinicalpsychopathic laboratorier. If you will takethe trouble to examine Sommer's Text-book ofPsychopathological Methods of Examination,you will be pleased to see how accurate presentmethods are, contrasted with those our forefathers used, for testing the perceptive faculty, for investigating sense deceptions, for studying the orientation of the patient, for tryingthe memory, for examining the powers ofwork, and especially for inquiring into the14 UNIVERSITY RECORDcharacter of the associative processes. And ifyou will study the writings of Pierre Janet,especially his books on The Mental States ofHystericals and on Obsessions and Psychasthenia, you will be interested to find how intimately such studies are related to the problems ofeveryday life and how much they may help youin the understanding and practical management of the nervous patients who apply to youfor relief. For to help the nervous patient youmust show him that you understand him, thatyou sympathize with him without deridinghim, and that you will help him to get well.It rarely does any good to a nervous patient totell him that there is nothing wrong with him,that his troubles are imaginary, and that heshould go home and go to work. He knowsthat he is ill and that his trouble is real, and ifyou do not recognize this he cannot believe thatyou understand him.Let us look, for example, at that interestingmental state which we now call psychasthenia,characterized as it is by doubts, fears, anxieties, indecisions, interrogations, and feelingsof insufficiency and incompleteness. Unlessyou have studied cases of psychasthenia andanalyzed the symptoms in several cases thoroughly, you will overlook the condition frequently; for let me tell you that among everyten patients entering your office door therewill be at least one typical psychasthenic, Ifeel sure.The severer types with outspoken obsessionsare of course rarer, but you will meet some ofthem every year — people with scruples or imperative ideas. One young man was broughtto me by his father because he spent hoursin the bathroom scrubbing out the bath-tubafter his bath, tormented with the idea that hepolluted everything with which he came incontact. Another was convinced that his handswere permanently unclean, and this despitehourly cleansings with castile soap and brush. Another had difficulty in getting out of bedin the morning; he had the idea that he mustget out with his right foot first, but on placingthe right foot on the floor he would be overwhelmed with the fear that it might possiblybe his left foot and would be compelled to getback into bed and make a fresh start.The mental agitation and vacillation thatsome of these patients present is painful towitness. The manias of interrogation, of hesitation, and of deliberation will occur to youall. "Why are things so and so?" "Why dowe call scissors 'scissors'?" "Did I lock thedoor before I went upstairs ?" are typical questions which such patients pathologically put tothemselves. Others have a mania of precision— everything must be "just so;" some of youmay have had to live with sufferers from thisdistressing mania. Still others have troubleswith numbers, must touch objects, must always take certain precautions, or are continually having premonitions. In some psychasthenics the agitation takes a motor form, andthey exhibit movements which have no relationto the external circumstances or to the desiresof the subject. If these movements are systematized they take the form of the well-known tics, but often they are diffuse andvague crises of agitation. Fear is a kind ofemotional agitation very common among thesepatients. I am sure you will be surprised whenyou engage in practice to find how manypeople are afraid of something. Some areafraid that they have an incurable disease orthat they will go insane. Others fear they cannot digest certain kinds of food. Still othersfear certain objects or certain animals; morecommon is the fear of situations, the fear ofcrossing an open square or of being in aclosed room or narrow passage-way. One ofmy patients has difficulty in traveling at nightin a sleeping-car, for during the night he maysuddenly be overcome with great anxiety andUNIVERSITY RECORD 15an appalling "sense of closeness" which compel him to leap from his berth; he thereforealways reserves two sections, has one madeup and the other left open as a place of refugeshould he be subject to his nocturnal terror.I could give you many examples of psychasthenic fear. An amusing instance is related byDr. Worcester who is seeing many nervouspeople at Emmanuel Church in Boston, wherehe and his colleague Dr. McComb, with the aidand control of several Boston neurologists, aretrying the effect of mental and moral treatment. He tells of a man who applied forhelp there recently on the ground that he hadactually grown afraid to say grace at table.In order to get the courage to say it he had,before application, got into the habit of takingtwo or three drinks of whiskey shortly beforethe meal!Characteristic, too, of psychasthenic statesis the abnormal prevalence of various feelingsof insufficiency and incompleteness, feelingsto which all of us, even the mentally mosthealthy, are occasionally subject. These feelingsof incompleteness may be connected with thepatient's actions, with his intellectual work, withhis emotions, or with his personality. Thusthe insufficiency may present itself to the mindin the form of an increasing difficulty in action, or there are feelings of the uselessness ofeffort, of incapacity, of indecision, of doubt,of discontent, of over-humility, or of revolt.Many are troubled with an indifference towhat they realize they should be deeply interested in. Some have a continual sense of boredom, others of indefinable disquiet. Some feelconstantly the need of some form of diversionor excitement.While these are the abnormal feelings ofwhich the psychasthenics complain, those whoobserve these patients, especially observerswho have had their eyes educated to recognizepsychic insufficiencies, often notice in them various disturbances of the will, of the intellect, and of the emotions. Thus the indolence,the lack of resolution, the feebleness of effort,the fatigability, the dislike for new situationsand ideas, the social timidity, the inertia, thecrises of exhaustion are obviously indicationsof troubles of the will. The forgetfulness,the sluggish memory, the faulty attention, andthe reveries which such patients present areindications of greater or less disturbances inthe realm of the intellect proper. The indifference they show, their depression and melancholy, their emotivity, their desire of dominating or being dominated, their inordinate desireto love or to be loved are symptoms whichpoint to disturbance in the emotional sphere.Another general character presented bynervous patients of this type, and one especiallyemphasized by Janet, the Parisian, to whomwe are indebted for the most careful description of these psychasthenic states, is disturbance of the sense of reality. Often things donot seem natural to these people. Objects lookstrange to them. One patient told me thatthere seemed to be a haze or a veil between herand everything she saw. Another lady asserted that things looked to her "as though theywere in a picture." To another group of patients things outside look natural, but theyfeel that they themselves have changed. "Iam different from what I used to be," "I feelas though I had lost myself," "I feel onlyhalf alive," "I feel like a dead person," "Mybody is alive, but my mind is no more thesame," "I feel strange to myself," "I feel asthough I were two persons" — these are someof the expressions which describe the feelingsof those whose sense of reality is abnormal.Besides the tolerably well-characterizedtypes of nervous diseases, types to whichspecial names have been attached by neurologists, the physician often meets with slightnervous manifestations which are very diffi-16 UNIVERSITY RECORDcult to classify. Only one symptom may beobvious such as a tendency to hurry, worry,or irritability, a nervous fear, a morbid self-consciousness, an abnormal personal sensitiveness, a habit of contradiction, an uncontrollablestate of apprehension, or, say, a resentful disposition. As a matter of fact, when one suchsymptom is complained of, a careful study willoften reveal the existence of other abnormalnervous manifestations, and the skilful physician recognizes, in symptoms such as thosementioned, danger signals which lead him totry to find out the cause, to remove it, and tocorrect the life.I should like to call your attention to a modeof psychic investigation which is now beingpracticed abroad and which is beginning tofind a place in American clinics. I refer to theso-called psycho-analytic method as practicedby Freud, Jung, and others. It has been foundthat in hysteria and certain other forms ofmental disturbance the patients have at sometime or another in their lives gone throughsome painful mental experience. Following theexperience and the distressing emotion, unbearable to their consciousness, they have tried tosuppress it. By certain tests of the associationit is possible to find this hidden psychic complex and, by disintegrating it, to do much torestore the patient to health.PSYCHIC TREATMENTI shall not take time to dwell in detail uponpsychic methods of treatment, and I scarcelyneed to remind you that from the earliest timespsychotherapy has in the hands of physicians,of priests, and of quacks been a powerfullever in restoring patients, especially nervouspatients, to health. Medical men on accountof the fear of quackery have sometimes refrained from psychotherapy in cases where itwould have been most useful. This, it seemsto me, is a mistake. It is the duty of medicalmen, in my opinion, to utilize legitimate psy chic methods in the treatment of disease andthus to protect patients from the mistakes andthe extortions of the quack, the charlatan, thepseudo-scientist, and the false religionist.To American medicine belongs the credit ofhaving introduced one of the best methods ofpsychotherapeutic treatment. I refer to the restand isolation cure of Weir Mitchell. As practiced by Weir Mitchell this cure consisted inlarge part of psychotherapy, but, unfortunately, in the hands of many of his imitators toomuch stress has been laid upon the rest and themassage, and there has been insufficient recognition of the great importance of the psychicside of the management of cases. Recentlythere has been a marked revival of interestamong European medical men in connectionwith psychotherapy, and those of you whofollow the subject will be interested, I feelsure, in reading the writings of Bernheim, ofJanet, of Forel, of Dubois, of Camus et Pag-niez, of Levy, of Lowenfeld, and of others.Dubois' book entitled The Psychic Treatmentof Nervous Disorders has, I am glad to say,been translated into English, and, while thereis much that I would have different in it, it, isundoubtedly a valuable book. If you will readit and keep your critical sense alert I can recommend it to you heartily as an aid in thetreatment of your nervous patients.I have been much interested personally during the past two years in applying the methodsof psychotherapy and re-education, and cantestify to the value of these methods of treatment in selected cases. It must not be forgotten, however, that the first and most importantpoint in the consideration of functional nervous diseases is the making of an accuratediagnosis. Every physician is surprised at thenumber of times some form of incipient organic disease exists in people who are supposed tobe simply nervous. No one who is not skilledin all the modern refinements of diagnosisUNIVERSITY RECORD 17should undertake the practice of psychotherapyunless his work is controlled by a diagnostician.who exhausts the best methods in the study ofhis case before beginning the therapy.Among the psychic methods of treatmentwhich medical men today find useful may bementioned explanation, avowal, persuasion, medical obedience, psychic stimulation and education,and finally suggestion. If one takes a patientinto his confidence and tells him frankly whichof his symptoms are due to organic disease andwhich are functional, and what one's opinionis as to possible cure, a good start has beenmade. The fears of the patient must be allayed, and a true insight into the mental state, ifpossible, taught. Encouragement and reassurance is in mild cases often all that is necessary.In severer cases it gives only temporary relief,and repeated encouragement and prolongedefforts at re-education are necessary.Open confession or avowal on the part ofthe patient of any nervous shock or painful experience which he has passed through is important. Those of us who are well know thegreat relief experienced by occasionally talking-out a serious trouble with an intimatefriend. The psycho-analytic method of Freudabove referred to may be regarded as a specialmodification of the method of avowal.Persuasion is more popular as a psychotherapeutic agent with medical men at presentthan is suggestion, for it seems more rational toappeal to the higher functions of the mind bypersuasion than to win the mind over by utilization of its subconscious stratum. Wherethe neurosis is profound and patients have losttheir self-control it is necessary, at first, toestablish medical obedience, requiring thepatient to obey directions implicitly for a time.In order to carry this out effectually it isusually necessary in such cases to isolate thepatient completely from his or her friends,engaging the services of a special trained nurse in order to maintain the regime. Later on, thisperiod of medical absolutism should be followed by gradual training in self-direction. Andhere the physician skilled in psychotherapy resorts to various methods of psychic stimulationand re-education. The treatment must be individualized and correspond to the needs of thesingle patient. A rigid routine in these casesis harmful. Active training of the emotions,the attention, and the will must be undertakenif we are to hope for permanent cures, and justhere the modern occupation-therapy is destinedto play a large part. We have to educate ourpatients to work mentally and physically.There is no better method for raising the psychologic tension and for restoring the mentalequilibrium. As soon as possible the patientsmust be encouraged to live as though theyfelt as they would like to feel, for, as Janetpoints out, the nervous individual must betaught to do his act and to believe his belief.Many nervous patients are very susceptibleto suggestion, but their susceptibility is veryvariable. One must take advantage of theperiods of greater susceptibility in order toutilize them for the instillation of healthy suggestions. Hypnotism will rarely be foundnecessary, but in selected cases it is undoubtedlyof value. It appears to be nothing but apsycho-physical state of increased "suggestibility"; that is, a state in which the suggestedideas find less resistance than in normal life.All physicians use the methods of suggestion,though more of them apply it in thewaking than in the sleeping state, and thesuccess of quacks depends upon their utilization of the condition of "suggestibility". Someuse the active and talkative method, directing the patients' attention to the desiredpoint by positive statements. Others proceedmore passively and silently, in the hope thata quiet mind may pave the way for the establishment of a new balance of impulses, and18 UNIVERSITY RECORDthat the desire to get well may act as a powerful lever in the regaining of self-control.THE NEED OF PSYCHIATRIC CLINICS IN OUR UNIVERSITY MEDICAL SCHOOLSI have said enough, perhaps, to emphasizethe importance of psychic methods of diagnosis and psychic influences in bringing aboutcure. Permit me to use this occasion to enlist your interest in the establishment of certaininstitutions which are most urgently needed inAmerica today. I refer to the establishmentof so-called psychiatric clinics along with theother hospitals which form a part of university medical schools. America, so far ahead inmany subjects of medical instruction, is no lessthan fifty years behind Europe in this particular. Since Griesinger in the middle of the lastcentury pointed out the necessity of psychiatricclinics in the German universities, and emphasized the importance of obligatory instruction in psychic methods of diagnosis and treatment for every medical student and obligatoryexamination in these subjects at the end of hiscourse enormous advances have been made inthat country in neurology and psychiatry.There is scarcely a German university todaywhich has not its own special neurological andpsychiatric clinic installed beside the otherclinics of the university hospital. These clinicsneed not necessarily provide for a large numberof patients but should receive acute cases ofmental disease and should care for those borderline cases between sanity and insanity. Insuch a clinic the professor of psychiatry shouldinstruct students in the methods of psychicinquiry, teaching them how to recognizeand treat mental disease. Half the moneyused in Boston to erect a Christian Sciencetemple would be sufficient to endow a first-rate psychiatric clinic in one of our Americanuniversities, and how infinitely better for theAmerican people would be the results of theexpenditure! The great vogue of ChristianScience and of mental healing in this country shows without doubt the existence of psychicneeds which are not being met adequately bythe regular medical profession or by the religious orthodoxies of our land. We shouldprofit by the lesson and should see to it thatAmerican medical students no longer go outinto practice without having had the advantageof the thorough training in psychiatry whichthe modern psychiatric clinic can afford.THE PERSONALITY OF THE PSYCHOTHERAPEUTISTAnd now, in closing, just a word as tothe character of the physician who is to employpsychic methods of diagnosis and treatment.He who is to be successful must be an honestman himself and an expert clinician. He mustbe interested in functional disturbances, andnot simply in anatomical lesions, and he mustunderstand that neurasthenia, hysteria, andpsychasthenia are just as much diseases as arepneumonia or gout, and that they often incapacitate the sufferer for longer periods oftime. He must by his knowledge and characterbe able to win the confidence of his patient andhold it. He must be a man who shows no indecision himself and who will by his personalitybe able to give the patient the courage and thetrust which he so much needs in his struggleto regain healthy-mindedness. Nowhere elsein medicine are character and personal qualities of greater importance than in the treatment of nervous ills. You who graduate heretoday are fortunate in having had before youin your teachers notable examples of the kindof men best suited for the work.But, in addition to the emulation of goodexample, each of us can do much in other waysto ripen his character and to enrich his personality. We must take the trouble to cultivateour imaginations and to school our emotions.Travel, association with men and women of thebetter sort, and the reading of history, biography, and especially of poetry are necessaryto the medical man as well as laboratories andmedical books.UNIVERSITY RECORD 19EXERCISES CONNECTED WITH THE SIXTY-THIRDCONVOCATIONRight Honorable James Bryce, D.C.L., LL.D.,British Ambassador to the United States, wasthe Convocation Orator on June n, 1907, hisaddress, which was given in the Bartlett Gymnasium before an audience of two thousand,being entitled "What University InstructionMay Do to Provide Intellectual Pleasures forLater Life." Preceding the address the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws was conferredupon the Ambassador by the President of theUniversity. President Judson presented in partthe regular Quarterly Statement on the condition of the University. The Convocation Address and the President's Quarterly Statementappear elsewhere in full in this issue of theUniversity Record.The Convocation Reception, which was heldin Hutchinson Hall on the evening of June 10,had an especially large attendance. PresidentHarry Pratt Judson and Mrs Judson ; the Convocation Orator, Right Hon. James Bryce, theBritish Ambassador; the Vice-President of theUniversity Board of Trustees, Mr. AndrewMacLeish, and Mrs. MacLeish; and the Treasurer of the University, Mr. Charles L. Hutchinson, were in the receiving line. The music ofthe evening was provided by the University ofChicago Military Band.At the University Luncheon, which was givenin Hutchinson Hall on June 11, immediatelyfollowing the Convocation exercises, the speakers were Ambassador James Bryce; UnitedStates Senator Albert J. Hopkins; Congressman James R. Mann; Professor CharlesZueblin, of the Department of Sociology; Mr.Donald S. Trumbull, of the class of 1897; Mr.Frederick D. Bramhall, of the class of 1902;Mr. Harold H. Swift, president of the class of1907; and Dr. Sophonisba P. Breckinridge,Assistant Dean of Women, who received theDoctor's degree from the University in 1901,and the degree of J.D. in 1904. President Harry Pratt Judson introduced the speakers atthe luncheon, at which about five hundred werein attendance.DEGREES CONFERRED AT THE SIXTY-THIRDCONVOCATIONAt the sixty-third Convocation of the University, held in the Frank Dickinson BartlettGymnasium on June 11, 1907, the honorarydegree of Doctor ,of Laws was conferred bythe University upon Right Hon. James Bryce,British Ambassador to the United States.Sixteen students were elected to membershipin the Beta of Illinois chapter of Phi BetaKappa. Sixty students received the title ofAssociate; twenty-three, the certificate of theCollege of Education; seventeen, the degree ofBachelor of Education; twenty-seven, the degree of Bachelor of Arts ; one hundred and ten,the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy; andtwenty-nine, the degree of Bachelor of Science.In the Divinity School one student receivedthe diploma of the English Theological Seminary; fourteen, the degree of Bachelor ofDivinity ; and two, the degree of Master of Arts.In the Law School three students receivedthe degree of Bachelor of Law, and nineteen,the degree of Doctor of Law.In the Graduate Schools of Arts, Literature,and Science nine students were given the degreeof Master of Arts; four, that of Master ofPhilosophy; eight, that of Master of Science;and fifteen, that of Doctor of Philosophy-making a total of two hundred and fifty-sevendegrees (not including titles and certificates)conferred by the University at the SummerConvocation.THE ANNUAL MEETING OF THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATIONAlumni Day officially opened Saturday afternoon, June 8, at 2:30 o'clock, when PresidentPercy B. Eckhart, '99, called the annual business meeting to order. Over one hundred mem-20 UNIVERSITY RECORDbers of the Association were present. Presirdent Eckhart reviewed the work of the Executive Committee during the year just ending,and called especial attention to the establishment of the Chicago Alumni Magazine. Theaction of the Executive Committee was ratifiedby the meeting. Mr. Burt Brown Barker, '97,introduced a resolution that the power to nominate the alumni representative on the Boardof Physical Culture and Athletics be given permanently to the Chicago Alumni Club, whichwas carried. Owing to the lateness of the Mayissue of the magazine, containing the annualballot for the election of officers, no report as tothe result of the election could be made, and thesecretary of the Association was authorized toreceive ballots for two weeks longer and thento report to the Board of Control of the magazine which holds its present office until January,1908. President Eckhart then gave an addressof welcome to the class of 1907, to which President Harold Higgins Swift of the class responded.After the adjournment of the meeting various class reunions were held in Mandel Assembly Hall and the Reynolds Club, but most ofthe alumni gathered in "Sleepy Hollow" forthe alumni baseball game. Later in the afternoon the University Band gave a concert at the"C" bench, which was to have been followedby the alumni sing on Haskell steps, but thislatter exercise was not held on account of thecoolness of the early evening.One hundred and seventy members of thealumni body gathered in the Reynolds Club at6:45 and led by President Eckhart, followedby the alumni of the Law School, who hadorganized themselves during the afternoon, theclasses proceeded in order from 1907 down to1862 to Hutchinson Hall. About fifty members of the graduating class were in the procession and '02 and '97, who were enjoyingtheir fifth and tenth anniversaries respectively, were also well represented and the rear wasbrought up by two out of the three membersof the oldest living class, Messrs. Thomas andGoodman of '62. After the invocation by Rev.James Goodman the various class demonstrations began. In a short time the Commons wasfilled with the noise of rival singing and calls.A feature of the evening was the appearanceof the '02 Evening Wah-Hoo, a four page newspaper containing many interesting commentson alumni who were present. During the evening several numbers from the vaudeville inprogress in Mandell Hall were introduced.The toast list was as follows:Toastmaster, Ex-President Percy B. EckhartThe Law School Alumni, Henry Porter Chandler, J. D. '06The Old University Rev. James Goodman, '62The Class of '97 L. Brent Vaughan, '97The Class of '02 Bertram G. Nelson, '02The Class of '07 John Fryer Moulds, '07The University of Chicago, President Harry Pratt JudsonDirector Stagg was brought in from the in-terscholastic celebration in Mandel Hall tosay a few words to the alumni.With the singing of "Alma Mater" the largest and most enthusiastic celebration the AlumniAssociation has seen for several years, if not inits history, was brought to a close.THE CONVOCATION LUNCHEON OF THE DOCTORS OFPHILOSOPHYThe Doctors of Philosophy of the Universitywere for the third time given a complimentaryluncheon by the University on the occasion oftheir annual meeting in connection with theSummer Convocation on June 11, 1907. Aboutforty were able to be present, and many otherssent personal regrets, being detained, as is thecase with most of those who are teachers, bycommencement exercises in their own institutions.The occasion was marked by much interestand enthusiasm, notwithstanding the absence ofPresident Judson, who was bccupied as host toUNIVERSITY RECORD 21the Convocation orator, and of ProfessorCapps, who was to have been the special guestof the Doctors on this occasion but was unexpectedly called from the city.The University was represented by Professor Albion W. Small, Dean of the GraduateSchool of Arts and Literature ; Professor RollinD. Salisbury, Dean of the Ogden GraduateSchool of Science; and Professor George E.Vincent, Dean of the Junior Colleges, who wasone of the earlier Doctors of the Department ofSociology. These three, together with ProfessorEdwin H. Lewis, president of the Association,led the discussions on the topic : "What Relation Should the Doctorate Bear to the Doctor'sSubsequent Work as a Teacher?" Questionssuch as the following were suggested : Is therea tendency toward over-specialization ? Shouldthe thesis subject be chosen more directly in theline of later usefulness? Should the Doctor'scurriculum be directed toward securing abroader culture as well as an exhaustive knowledge along some one line? Should the trainingof men who can teach be given a more prominent place along with the training of men whoare research specialists? Does our present system of fellowships and scholarships foster acommercial spirit among graduate students, tothe detriment of the spirit of scholarship ? Doesthe giving of grades on Doctor's examinationsserve any good purpose, and does the systemrest on any uniform standard either in thevarious departments or in any one department?These and other questions it was resolved tosubmit to all of the Doctors for an expressionof opinion by means of a questionnaire to besent out during the coming year.Another important matter was suggestedthrough • a communication from one of theabsent members. The Doctor who goes to teachin one of the smaller institutions finds himselfcircumscribed through lack of books andjournals in his field of work, and often feels isolated, and sometimes discouraged, in attempting to keep alive in scholarship and research.The question was raised whether journal clubscould not profitably be formed among theDoctors of the various departments, and somake it possible to circulate the current journalsamong the members. It was also suggestedthat brief bibliographies might be made up eachmonth by assistants in the libraries and sent outto the Doctors in the departments concerned.In recognition of the University's hospitalityit was unanimously resolved that the Association, through the secretary, express to PresidentJudson hearty appreciation of the excellentluncheon provided and sincere regret for hisabsence from the meeting, and that the Doctorspledge to him their loyal support as -the newhead of the University.The following officers were elected for theensuing year : Edwin H. Lewis, '99, president ;Mary B. Harris, '00, vice-president; HerbertE. Slaught, '98, secretary-treasurer; EleanorP. Hammond, '98, corresponding secretary;Mary Hefferan, '03, and John C. Hessler, '99,members of the executive committee.A BANQUET TO RETIRING PROFESSORSOn the evening of May 28 a farewell dinnerwas given at the Auditorium Hotel to Professors Edward Capps, of the Department ofGreek, and George Lincoln Hendrickson,of theDepartment of Latin, who are leaving the University of Chicago to go, the former to Princeton, and the latter to Yale. Professor JamesRowland Angell, Head of the Department ofPsychology, acted as toastmaster, and addresses were made by Professor Frank BigelowTarbell, of the Department of the History ofArt, in behalf of the colleagues of ProfessorsCapps and Hendrickson; by Mr. David B.Jones, alumni trustee of Princeton University,and Mr. Edward J. Phelps, Yale 1886, ir^ be-22 UNIVERSITY RECORDhalf of their respective universities; and byProfessors Capps and Hendrickson. Lettersof regret were read from President HarryPratt Judson, President Edmund J. James ofthe University of Illinois, President C. H. Ram-melkamp, of Illinois College, and from otherswho were unable to come. Although it wasso late in the college year the attendance at thebanquet was about ninety.Professor Edward Capps has been connectedwith the University since 1892, when he became Assistant Professor of Greek. For threeyears (1896-9) he was Dean of the JuniorColleges. In 1896 he was made Associate Professor of Greek, and the past seven years hehas had the rank of full professor. In 1905-6Mr. Capps served as Dean of the Junior College of Arts (Men). Since the establishmentof Classical Philology in January, 1906, Mr.Capps has been the managing editor, and he hasalso been actively associated with the University Press as chairman of the Editorial Board.Professor George Lincoln Hendrickson wascalled from the University of Wisconsin in1896 to become Professor of Latin in the University of Chicago. In 1902 he was given thedegree of L.H.D. by Western Reserve University. Mr. Hendrickson has been an associate editor of Classical Philology since itsfounding and a frequent contributor to otherclassical journals. His term of service at theUniversity of Chicago does not end till January, 1908.A NEW VOLUME ON PHYSIOGRAPHYHenry Holt & Co. of New York have recentlypublished a new college textbook entitledPhysiography, by Professor Rollin D. Salisbury, Head of the Department of Geographyand Dean of the Ogden (Graduate) School ofScience. The book, which appears in the"American Science Series," contains about 770 pages, 26 plates and more than 700 figures inthe text.In Part I — The Lithosphere — are chapters onrelief features and the work of the atmosphere,ground-water, running water, and snow andice, with additional chapters on "Lakes andShores," "Vulcanism," "Crustal Movements,""Origin and History of Physiographic Features," and "Terrestrial Magnetism." Part IIdiscusses "Earth Relations." Part III — TheAtmosphere — considers the general conceptionof the atmosphere, the constitution of the atmosphere, the temperature and moisture of the air,atmospheric pressure, general circulation of theatmosphere, weather maps, and climate. Theocean is the general subject of Part IV, thechapter headings being as follows: "GeneralConception," "Composition of Sea-Water,""The Temperature of the Sea," "The Movements of Sea- Water," "The Life of the Sea,""Materials of the Sea Bottom," and "Relationof the Sea to the Rest of the Earth." Theabundant illustrations are particularly successful and of great help in interpreting the text.The volume ends with an index of eleven pages.In the preface the author says that thevolume is intended for students of early college ornormal-school grade, who have no purpose of pursuingthe study of physical geography beyond its elements, butwho are yet mature enough for work beyond the gradeappropriate for the early years of the secondaryschools No book heretofore prepared has beenintended especially for this class of students. The workoutlined here is essentially the work covered in theUniversity of Chicago in a twelve weeks' course, takenmost largely by students who have but recently enteredcollege. The work might appropriately be expanded toa half-year course, where so much time is available.The author also says that in the preparationof the text the effort has been to shape it soas to lead the student into the subject underdiscussion, rather than to tell him the conclusions which have been reached by those whohave made the subject their special study. Thewriter expresses his special indebtedness to Mr.UNIVERSITY RECORD 23Harland H. Barrows and Dr. Wallace W.Atwood, of the Department of Geology, forassistance and suggestions.THE INTERPRETATION OF ITALY DURING THE LASTTWO CENTURIES"The seventeenth volume in the second seriesof Decennial Publications of the University,recently issued by the University Press underthe title given above, is a contribution to thestudy of Goethe's Italienische Reise, by Camillovon Klenze, formerly associate professor ofGerman literature in the University of Chicago,now professor of German literature in BrownUniversity. The chapter headings are the following : "The Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries," "Rationalism," "Transition from Rationalism to Romanticism," "Sicily," "Goethe'sTagebucher'," "Romanticism," "Goethe's 'Italienische Reise/" and "Modern Times."The volume, of 170 pages, also contains anintroduction, an appendix on "Americans inItaly," and an index of six pages.In the introducton the writer says thatPerhaps no one of Goethe's works has called outmore contradictory opinions than has the ItalienischeReise. To many it is, even today, the best record ofItalian travel which we possess ; to others it seems insufficient and one-sided All possible shades ofopinion exist between these two extremes. Hence itseems not unprofitable to contribute to the study ofGoethe's Italienische Reise by a comparison of this workwith the travels of his predecessors of the eighteenthcentury. To round out this background, it will be advisable further to take into account some of the most important nineteenth-century records of Italian travel;for thus only can we determine both in how far Goethewas original, and to what degree, if any, he has beensupplemented.A NEW ANTHOLOGY OF ENGLISH POETRYGinn & Co. have recently issued a newanthology of English poetry, the selectionbeing made by Professor John M. Manly, Head of the Department of English. The selectionsrepresent the period from 1170 to 1892, andare classified under the following divisions:"The Middle English Period," "The Age ofChaucer," "The Followers of Chaucer," "TheEnd of the Middle Ages," "The Beginning ofthe Renaissance," "The Renaissance," "TheEnd of the Renaissance," "Puritan and Cavalier," "The Restoration," "The Age of Classicism," "Classicists and Romanticists," "TheAge of Romanticism," and "The VictorianAge." In the last-named division are includedrepresentative poems of several living poets,among them George Meredith and Swinburne.In the preface Professor Manly expresseshis hope that the bookwill be of service to teachers who believe, with me,that the love of reading and the habit of it are bestawakened by treating pieces of literature as living,organic wholes and by subordinating all other considerations to this during the student's first introductionto the study of literature. It may also be useful to thatlarge group of teachers who believe, as I do, that however small may be the number of poems that time permits one to read with his class, they should be chosenby the teacher himself with special reference to the tasteand mental development of the pupils he actually has todeal with in each class.Two principles have determined the choice of authors and poems: none has been omitted that seemed ofreal importance for the main features of the history ofEnglish literature; to these none has been added thathad not a clear title to intrinsic beauty and value. It hasof course been impossible to include all the poems ofthis character that exist in English literature, but it ishoped that no teacher will miss any old favorite whoseplace is not filled by a poem equally deserving of hisfavor.Dramatic selections were excluded from thecollection on the ground that every deservingplay should be read as a whole, and no singlevolume could contain all the good ones.The book, of about 600 pages, contains anintroduction of twelve pages, an index ofauthors, and a fourteen-page index of titles andfirst lines.24 UNIVERSITY RECORD" THE CHURCH AND THE CHANGING ORDER "Under the title given above the MacmillanCompany published recently a volume of 250pages, by Shailer Mathews, Professor of Historical and Comparative Theology in the Divinity School.The opening 'chapter discusses "The Crisisof the Church." Chapter ii considers "TheChurch and Scholarship." Among other chapter headings are the following: "The Churchand the Gospel of Brotherhood," "The Churchand Social Discontent," "The Church and theSocial Movement," and "The Church and Materialism." The final chapter discusses, amongother topics, the new social conscience, thecall to heroic leadership, the decrease in thenumber of students for the ministry, the theological seminary and social leadership, the subsidizing of students for the ministry, the problem of a theological education, and the churchas a social leader.THE IDENTIFICATION OF A NUBIAN TEMPLE BYJAMES HENRY BREASTEDFor the forthcoming Old Testament andSemitic Studies in memory of William RaineyHarper, Professor James Henry Breasted, ofthe Department of Semitic Languages andLiteratures, furnishes a contribution under thetitle of "A New Temple and Town of Ikhnatonin Nubia." The following extracts from thecontribution are of general interest: "TheTemple of Sesibi, to which the above titlerefers, has long been known It is situated at the foot of the third cataract Itwas built of sandstone and its ground-plan wasabout 40 meters in length by 20 meters inwidth It is quite evident that we havehere a colonnaded temple hall of which theoriginal author was the great revolutionaryIkhnaton. His reliefs show every characteris tic of his monotheistic period, and it cannot bedoubted that the building was a sun-templebuilt by him, the only one from this remarkableman's reign, of which any portion is still standing At the fall of Ikhnaton the Aton-temple at Amarna, as well as all the otherAton-sanctuaries throughout Egypt, weredestroyed. In distant Nubia, however, thetemple of Gem-Aton was at a safe removefrom the wrath of Ikhnaton's enemies Fifty years after the death of Ikhnaton, theofficials of Seti I found it, still bearing itsheretical reliefs and inscriptions Butthey did not destroy it, as in Egypt They hacked out the hated sculptures of theheretics, and covering up all trace of them withstucco, they wrought new sculptures on thecolumns and walls, depicting Seti I worshipingAmon. The place then became a temple ofAton's rival Amon The people still continued to call it Gem-Aton, and seven hundredyears after Ikhnaton's revolution we find thetown still mentioned, and its god was then officially called 'Amon of Gem-Aton.' . . . .Thus the only surviving temple of Ikhnatonhas been reduced to three columns, and thesebattered and weathered columns are all thatwe possess to give us a hint of the uniqueorigin of the place."Professor Breasted was recently elected to theGerman Academy of Sciences, in recognition ofhis distinguished services as an Egyptologist.For two winters Mr. Breasted has been inEgypt as director of the University of ChicagoEgyptian Expedition, and previously to thattime he had been a collaborator on the greatEgyptian Dictionary endowed by the Germanemperor. Mr. Breasted arrived in Berlin earlyin June, having spent the past season in connection with a complete survey of the Nubianmonuments in the cataract region of the Nile.UNIVERSITY RECORD 25A BOTANICAL EXPEDITION TO THE FAR NORTHWESTOn June 20 a party of twenty-five membersunder the direction of Assistant ProfessorHenry C. Cowles of the Department of Botany, started for Vancouver, British Columbia,for botanical investigations in Washington andAlaska. On the way through Canada stopswill be made at Banff, Glacier, and other points.Friday Harbor on San Juan Island, the shoresof Puget Sound, and Moclips on the Pacific willeach occupy the attention of the expedition fora week. A week will also be given to the difficult ascent of Mt. Ranier and the study of itsvegetation. On August 24 the party will leaveSeattle for Alaska. With Skagway, Juno, Sitkaand Katchikan as bases the expedition will penetrate the interior and make trips along thecoast. Particular attention will be paid to theflora of the shore, as scientific knowledge concerning the plant life of the northern portionof the Pacific is meager. There are eight statesrepresented in the party, more than half ofwhom are women. The expedition will returnin September.THE PALESTINE TRAVEL-STUDY CLASSThe third class- journey to Palestine for thestudy of the geography, history, and archaeology of Bible lands was made during the Winter Quarter under direction of Assistant Professor Herbert L. Willett, of the Departmentof Semitic Languages and Literatures.Twenty-two members were enrolled in theclass. Regular lectures were given by the instructor, and by resident teachers, missionaries,and officials at the different places visited.Four weeks were spent in Egypt by the largerpart of the class, the remainder, nine in number, making a special visit to the region ofSinai in the peninsula to the east of Suez.This journey into the desert included themines of Wadi Magharah, the Wadi Firan andMt. Serbal, formerly believed to be the Sinaiof the Bible, Jebel Musa.and the convent of St. Catherine, the traditional scene of the Mosaiclegislation, and the ruined temple of Serabit el-Khadem. This trip was made in about threeweeks, traveling by camels.The stay in Palestine was about five weeksin duration. Nearly all the places of biblicalinterest were visited, the class spending threeweeks in camp from Jerusalem to Beirut, byway of Mt. Hermon, Damascus, and Baalbek.On the return the important sites in AsiaMinor and Greece were visited and studied.The class closed its work in Naples May 9,after a course of study covering about onehundred days.GEOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN ALASKADr. Wallace W. Atwood, of the Departmentof Geology, reports that on June 1 he wascamped in White Pass, near the summit of theCoast Range. He has examined two coal fieldsin southeastern Alaska and is now on his wayinto the interior. On June 1 navigation had notyet opened on the Yukon river, and he plannedto spend the available time in continuing aseries of physiographic studies. These studieswere begun on the Pacific side of the range andwill be continued through and over the mountains and down the valley of the Yukon. Theyare intimately connected with the study of thecoal fields and involve the largest problems associated with the physical history of Alaskaand British Columbia.Dr. Atwood is accompanied by Mr. H. M.Eakin, who is expected to be at the Universitynext fall. They will put their canoe into theriver at Dawson and continue down stream forabout sixteen hundred miles. The season'swork will end near Holy Cross on the lowerYukon, and the journey homeward may beeither from Nome by the outside ocean route,or upstream and then southward by the inlandpassage to Seattle. The expedition is underthe auspices of the United States GeologicalSurvey.26 UNIVERSITY RECORDINSTRUCTORS FOR THE SUMMER QUARTER, 1907Among the well-known instructors engagedfor the Summer Quarter are President G. Stanley Hall, Ph.D., LL.D., of Clark University,who gives late in July a series of five lectureson the following subjects : "The Pedagogy ofHistory," "Moral and Religious Education,""The Ideals and Methods of Teaching," "TheClaims of Modern versus Ancient Languages,"and "The Feelings" ; Professor James A. Wood-burn, Ph.D., of Indiana University, who givestwo courses in American history — one on "TheHistory of American Political Parties," andthe other on "The Civil War and the Period ofReconstruction," besides three public lectures inJuly and August, on "The Nickname in Politics," "Lessons from the Early Anti-SlaveryConflict," and "The Monroe Doctrine;" AbbeFelix Klein, of the Catholic Institute, Paris,who delivers two open lectures on the generalsubject of "Political and Religious Crises inFrance," the first being entitled "Last Years ofthe Concordat," and the second, "After theSeparation ;" Daniel Gregory Mason of Columbia University, who gives five illustrated lecture-recitals on "The Classical Composers,"Hayden, Mozart, Beethoven, and Schubertbeing the composers considered; Mr. ArthurDougherty Rees, M.A., who delivers about themiddle of July a series of five lectures on"Russian Civilization ;" and SuperintendentWilliam E. Chancellor, A.M., of Washington,D. C, who gives courses on "School Management" and on "School Administration andSupervision ;" Professor Henry W. Stuart, Ph.D.,of Lake Forest College, who gives courses in"Ethics" and "The Logic of Ethics." ProfessorLindsay T. Damon, A.M., of Brown University, offers courses in Rhetoric and EnglishComposition ; Professor Edwin A. Greenlaw,Ph.D., of Adelphi College, courses in OldEnglish Poetry and the Canterbury Tales ; Professor Aurelio M. Espinosa, of the University of New Mexico, courses in Elementary andIntermediate Spanish; Professor Theodore C.Burgess, Ph.D., of Bradley Polytechnic Insti^tute, and Associate Professor George W. Paschal, Ph.D., of Wake Forest College, NorthCarolina, courses in Greek Literature; Assistant Professor Eliot Blackwelder, of the University of Wisconsin, a course in HistoricalGeology; Mr. Edwin A. Kirkpatrick, of theMassachusetts State Normal School, coursesin Child-Study and Genetic Psychology; andDr. Irving E. Miller, of the Wisconsin StateNormal School, Milwaukee, courses in Ethicsand "The Psychology of Thinking." Professor Samuel C. Schmucker, Ph.D., of theWest Chester (Pa.) State Normal School,delivers a series of six illustrated lectures on"Birds" early in August.In Biblical History and Theology ProfessorHerbert Lee Stetson, D.D., LL.D., of Kalamazoo College, Michigan, gives four lecturesearly in July; and Professor William J. Mc-Glothin, Ph.D., of the Southern TheologicalSeminary, Louisville, Ky., delivers four lectures on "Theological Conflicts of the EarlyChurch," from August 13 to 16.Professor Nathan Abbott, A.B., LL.B., ofColumbia University, Professor Horace L.Wilgus, S.M., of the University of Michigan,and Assistant Professor Edward S. Thurston,A.M., LL.B., of George Washington University, are engaged to give lectures in the LawSchool on various phases of the law, duringthe Summer Quarter.SHAKSPEREAN COMEDY IN SCAMMON GARDENSBeginning with the evening of July 1, theBen Greet company of players presented a seriesof open-air performances of Shakspereancomedies in the Scammon Gardens connectedwith the School of Education. Twelfth Nightwas the opening play, followed on July 2 byAs You Like It. On the evening of the FourthUNIVERSITY RECORD 27of July the company presented A MidsummerNight's Dream, and The Tempest was given onJuly 6, Much Ado About Nothing, on July 8,The Comedy of Errors and The Tempest, onJuly io and n; and The Merry Wives ofWindsor and a repetition of A MidsummerNighfs Dream, on July 12 and 13, completedthe series. The Scammon Gardens were foundespecially suited to the open-air performances.The Ben Greet Company has given interpretations of Shaksperean plays, in the completetext and with the slight stage setting of theElizabethan period, for nineteen consecutiveyears at Oxford and at Cambridge, England,four times at Warwick Castle, three years atYale and the University of Michigan, four yearsat Princeton and the University of Toronto, andalso at Harvard University, Wellesley, Vassar,Smith, Bryn Mawr, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of California, Brown University, the University of Virginia, and the University of the South. More than a thousandShaksperean performances in all have beengiven by the company.RECENT IMPROVEMENTS ON THE UNIVERSITY CAMPUSThe University drinking-water system. —After investigations, covering some three years,into the sources of the best water supply,whether from wells, outlying springs conducted by piping, distillation, boiling, or filtration —investigations conducted very thoroughly andgenerously by committees of the various departments of the University Faculties and by itsbusiness department — the slow sand-filter system has been decided upon and is now practically installed.In arriving at this conclusion the best expertadvice obtainable both in Chicago and NewYork has been used. Other systems and planswere attractive, but upon investigation theywere found to involve — in order to secure efficient service — close attention in maintenance, a possibility of defects not being detected andconsequent failure to insure pure product, orcomplicated mechanism or device untested bylong experience and urged largely upon theoryrather than upon established efficiency.This system as installed has its large filteringtanks in the basement of Cobb Lecture Hall,from which the water is distributed to the various buildings upon the University grounds by asystem of galvanized iron pipes connected withspecially designed fountains throughout thebuildings. The fountains are of bronze —thirty-one in number — and are believed to benot only appropriate but artistically excellent.The locations of these fountains throughout thebuildings have been decided upon by carefulinvestigation on the part of the Superintendentof Buildings and Grounds and the various departments occupying the several buildings. Thetotal number of fountains, of which twenty-two are of porcelain, is fifty-three. The totalcost of this system will be about $32,000. Withthis permanent, adequate, and well distributedsupply of pure water, and with so large anumber of the buildings of the University fireproof or nearly so, the authorities, faculties,and friends of the University have reason tocongratulate themselves that the health andsafety of the students and others connectedwith the University have been so carefullyguarded.The Courts.—- Hutchinson Court and Hitchcock Court, together with the roadways runningeast and west to the south of them, will bepractically finished by the end of the fiscal year,and, together with the tree planting on Ellisand Lexington Avenues and in the north thirdof the campus, will begin to show what theUniversity plan is intended ultimately to be.The details for the central roadway leadingsouth from Hull Court to the center of thecampus, connecting with the east and westroadway just south of Fifty-Eighth Street will28 UNIVERSITY RECORDby the end of the summer still further increasethe finished portion of the campus and bringout its design.Trees. — Up to the present time 298 trees havebeen planted, 78 having been placed the pastyear. As is generally known, the soil of thecampus is almost pure sand, in consequence ofwhich, in order to secure the permanent andnormal growth of the elms, which are the treeschiefly used, it is necessary to excavate in eachinstance a tree pit twenty feet square to a depthof three feet and to fill it with the best virginsoil, secured at some distance from Chicago;so that the first cost of the tree, the excavation,removal of the sand, the placing of the earth,and the planting of the tree, bring the totalcost of each tree to almost $90. This carefulprovision, however, will secure a result notusual under such conditions, and one appropriate to the dignity and character of the buildingsinterspersed between these lines of foliage.School of Education playgrounds. — One ofthe most gratifying improvements connectedwith the University campus during the present year has been that generously made by theParent's Association of the School of Education, by their investment of nearly $2,000 in thereadjustment and ornamentation of the southportion of the block east of the School of Education for children's playgrounds. The plot isseparated by shrubbery into different sectionswhich are intended for children of differentages, and surrounded by a hedge which will become in time an object of beauty as well as ofutility. Help such as this from the parents ofchildren will greatly promote the efficiency ofthe school.Reorganisation of the financial and accounting department. — Up to this time the offices ofthe Registrar, the Press, and the general business department of the University on the campus have been operated as three distinct departments, each maintaining its cashier and accounting departments. These have nowbeen consolidated. The cashiers of theRegistrar, the Press, and the general businessoffices are now in the northeast part of thePress Building, under the direction of theRegistrar's assistant and head cashier. The accounting departments have consolidated andlocated in the northwest part of the PressBuilding, under the supervision of the Auditor.This re-organization will result in considerableeconomy of time and labor and in increasedefficiency and security. The work in thesedepartments has now grown to considerablemagnitude. The financial and accounting department in its present form is the product ofseveral months' careful consideration.Reorganization of the Deans' offices. — Theoffices of the deans have been reorganizedand relocated. The assembly room on the mainfloor of the north wing of Cobb Lecture Hallhas been converted to this use. A hall way hasbeen cut through to the north and the centralwindows changed into an entrance. There arefour rooms to the east of the hallway and nineto the west. This reorganization will bring together in one place the offices of the severaldeans, including that of the Dean of the Faculties, and make possible the constant attendanceof a clerk of the deans, so long deemed desirablefor the giving out of information connectedwith administrative work. It will bring aboutalso a unified systematic organization of thestenographic and other clerical work connectedwith the department, resulting in the economizing of the time and labor of the deans and inthe efficiency of their work as a whole. It isdeemed as important that these offices be keptopen and their information accessible as thatthe business offices of the University should be.So closely is this work connected with the business and accounting departments that a tubeconnection between Cobb Hall and the PressBuilding is under consideration.THE HULL GATEWAY FROM HULL COURTTHE FAIn the registration of the Law School for theyear 1906-7 ninety-six different colleges anduniversities were represented.Fifty students from Kalamazoo College, anaffiliated institution of the University, are inattendance during the Summer Quarter.At the Rockford College commencement onJune 12 Professor Nathaniel Butler, Dean ofthe College of Education, gave the principaladdress.Professor Samuel W. Williston, of the Department of Paleontology, has recently beenmade a corresponding member of the LondonZoological Society.Miss Stella B. Vincent, who has been pursuing graduate studies in Psychology, goes toa position at the - Washington State NormalSchool at Ellensburg.Miss June E. Downey, who is a candidate forthe Doctor's degree at the coming Convocation,will return to her position on the faculty of theUniversity of Wyoming.Mr. Arthur H. Sutherland, a graduate student in Psychology, goes to the University ofWisconsin next year to act as assistant in psychology to Professor Joseph Jastrow.The Avalanche is the title of an illustratedshort story in the June number of Scribner'sMagazine, contributed by Professor RobertHerrick, of the Department of English.Miss Grace M. Fernald, who expects to receive the Doctor's degree in Psychology at theAutumn Convocation, is under appointment toteach her specialty at Bryn Mawr College.Professor Emil G. Hirsch, of the Department of Semitic Languages and Literatures,was elected to the board of governors of theHebrew Union College of Cincinnati on June 2.An open lecture in French on the subject of"The Catholic Church in France, Past andPresent" was given on April 16 in Cobb Lecture Hall, by Le Vicomte d'Avenel, of Paris. Mr. Joseph Peterson, who receives nis Doctor's degree at the Autumn Convocation onAugust 30, has been teaching during part ofthe summer at Drake University, Des Moines,la."Possibilities of Federal Regulation of Business" was the subject of an open lecture givenin the Law Building on the evening of May 15,by Professor James P. Hall, Dean of the LawSchool.Professor A. A. Stagg, Director of the Division of Physical Culture and Athletics, attended the meeting of the national FootballRules Committee held in New York City onMay 18.The election of courses in Psychology duringthe Summer Quarter has been unusually heavy,indicating an increased interest in this subjecton the part of teachers, who constitute so largea part of the summer attendance at the University."Changing Ideals in Education" was thesubject of the address before the graduatingclass of the School of Education in MandelAssembly Hall on May 28, the speaker beingMiss Jane Addams, head of Hull House, Chicago."The Relation of Woman to Public Life"was the subject of an open lecture on May 24in Cobb Lecture Hall, by Professor CharlesZueblin, of the Department oi Sociology andAnthropology.A series of five open lectures on the subjectof "Legal Ethics," beginning with April 17,was given in the Law Building by JusticeHenry V. Freeman, Professorial Lecturer inthe Law School."The Social Problems of the University"was the subject of the Phi Beta Kappa addressat the Ohio State University on May 3, by Professor Albion W. Small, Head of the Department of Sociology.30 UNIVERSITY RECORDMiss Lilian O. Sprague, who received herBachelors degree from the University inMarch, 1907, has been teaching psychology atthe summer session of the Michigan NormalSchool at Mt. Pleasant."Packingtown Today" is the title of a fullyillustrated contribution in the May issue of theWorld To-Day, by Professor Shailer Mathews,of the Department of Systematic Theology,who is editor of the magazine.One of the three speakers in a discussion of"Chicago's New Charter — Pro and Con," beforethe City Club of Chicago on June 14, was Associate Professor Charles E. Merriam, of theDepartment of Political Science.Marten Maartens, the Dutch novelist, was aguest of the University for a short time onMay 1. He made a brief address in CobbLecture Hall, being introuced to the studentsby the President of the University.President Harry Pratt Judson received thehonorary degree of Doctor of Laws at the commencement of the State University of Iowa onJune 13, and also the same degree from Washington University, St. Louis, on June 20.Professor John M. Coulter, Head of the Department of Botany, gave an address before thestudents of Purdue University on June 12.Mr. Coulter also gave the commencement address at the Chicago Normal School on June28.At the meeting of the council of the Bureauof Charities on April 26 at the Eli Bates House,Chicago, Professor Charles R. Henderson,Head of the Department of Ecclesiastical Sociology, discussed "The Outcome of Our Charitable Efforts.""A Question of Poetic Diction in LatinVerse" is the subject of the opening contribution in the June issue of the Classical Journal,by Dr. Tenney Frank, of Bryn Mawr College,who received his Doctor's degree from theUniversity in 1903. Professor Joseph P. Iddings, who receivedthe degree of Bachelor of Philosophy fromYale University in 1877, was given the honorary degree of Doctor of Science by the sameuniversity at its last commencement, held onJune 26.At the meeting in Washington, D. C, onMay 8, of the National Association for theStudy and Prevention of Tuberculosis, Professor Frank Billings, of Rush Medical Collegeand the University, was elected president ofthe association.At the monthly dinner and conference of theSociety for Ethical Culture held at HullHouse, Chicago, on the evening of May 29,Professor George H. Mead, of the Departmentof Philosophy, gave an address on "The Educational Situation."Professor P. Vinogradoff, Oxford University, England, gave two open lectures in HaskellAssembly Room on May 16 and 23, the firstbeing entitled "Two Conquests of England"and the second, "Military Organization ofEngland in the Middle Ages."Lorado Taft, the Chicago sculptor, gave anaddress before a joint meeting of the womenof the Junior Colleges on May 28 in KentTheater. Mr. Taft spoke of the difficulties ofart in Chicago and the development and possibilities of American sculpture.Professor George E. Vincent, of the Department of Sociology, has been made a memberof the American editorial board of the Hih-bert Journal published in England under thegeneral editorship of Professor L. P. Jacks,Dean of Manchester College, Oxford."The Scholar in a Commercial Age" was thesubject of a Phi Beta Kappa address at theUniversity of Texas on June 3, by ProfessorShailer Mathews, of the Divinity School. Mr.Mathews also gave a series of six lectures before the Minister's Institute at Georgetown,Texas, early in June.UNIVERSITY record 31"Life at the University of Chicago" is theopening article in the March (1907) issue ofBeta Theta Pi, contributed by Associate Professor Francis W. Shepardson, Dean of theSenior Colleges. The contribution has nineillustrations, including the frontispiece.On June 5 and 6 Mr. George B. Zug, of theDepartment of the History of Art, gave twoillustrated lectures in Kent Theater, the firston the subject of "Titian, Tintoretto, and Veronese" and the second on "Puvis de Chavannesand Modern French Painting."Professor Frank Frost Abbott, of the Department of Latin, was one of the speakers atthe Yale alumni banquet at the commencementin New Haven on June 25. Mr. Abbott hasthe opening article in the June issue of theArena entitled "The Story of Two Oligarchies."A contribution in the May issue of theJournal of Political Economy entitled "TheTendency of Modern Combination" is the second in a series by Anna P. Youngman, agraduate of the University in the class of 1904and a Fellow in Political Economy for 1907-8."The Authorship of The Flower and theLeaf is the subject of a discussion in theApril issue of the Journal of English and Germanic Philology, by George L. Marsh, whoreceived the Doctor's degree from the University in 1903 for work in the Departments ofEnglish and Romance.On May 9, at the meeting of the GeographicSociety of Chicago, Assistant Professor GeorgeA. Dorsey, of the Department of Sociologyand Anthropology, was made the first vice-president. "Public Support of Scientific Museums," was the subject of an "editorial by thelaity" in the Chicago Tribune of April 28, contributed by Mr. Dorsey.The Vice-President of the University Congregation for the Spring Quarter of 1907 wasAssociate Professor Frank J. Miller, of the Department of Latin; and Professor Edwin O. Jordan, of the Department of Pathology andBacteriology, was elected to the same positionfor the Summer Quarter.In the May-June issue of the Journal ofGeology Mr. Stephen R. Capps, Jr., who received the Doctor's degree from the Universityin June, 1907, has a contribution on the subject of "The Girdles and Hind Limb of Hol-osaurus Abruptus Marsh." The article is illustrated by three figures.On the second anniversary of the Mamon-ides Club, on May 11, , Professor Emil G.Hirsch, of the Department of Semitic Languages and Literatures, gave an address inLexington Hall. Professor Hirsch was theorganizer of the club, which has a membershipof about thirty Jewish students.The General Civil and Military Administration of Noricum and Raetia is the title of adissertation to be published in the autumn by theUniversity of Chicago Press for Mary Bradford Peaks, who received the Doctor's degreefrom the University in June, 1905, for work inthe Departments of Greek and Latin."Notes on Spanish Folklore" is the subjectof a contribution in the July issue of ModernPhilology, by Associate Professor Karl Pietsch,of the Department of Romance Languages andLiteratures. In the same number is a contribution by Professor Paul Shorey, Head of theDepartment of Greek, entitled "A Few Parallelsfrom the Classics."At the banquet of the Society of the Sons ofthe Revolution, held at the City Club, Chicago,on the evening of April 19 to commemoratethe battle of Lexington, Associate ProfessorFrancis W. Shepardson, of the Department ofHistory, was the toastmaster, and AssistantProfessor George C. Howland, of the Department of Romance, was one of the speakers.Mr. Albert D. Henderson, the winner of theSons of the Revolution scholarship in the University, was also a speaker.32 UNIVERSITY RECORDAt St. Andrews University, Scotland, onApril 2 Professor William Gardner Hale, Headof the Department of Latin, received thehonorary degree of Doctor of Laws; and thesame degree was conferred upon him April 9by the University of Aberdeen. ProfessorHale is now in Rome pursuing special investigations in the Vatican Library.The degree of Doctor of Science was conferred upon Associate Professor FrederickStarr, of the Department of Sociology and Anthropology, at the seventy-fifth commencementof Lafayette College, on June 19. ProfessorStarr made the address on June 15 at the fieldmeeting of the Wisconsin Archaeological Society held at Beloit College.At the annual authors' reading held at theUniversity on April 17 under the auspices ofthe Pen Club, Mr. Wilbur D. Nesbit, of theChicago Evening-Post, Mr. S. E. Kizer, of theChicago Record-Herald, and Mr. Opie Read,the novelist, were the guests of the club andgave readings in Mandel Assembly Hall fromtheir published stories and verse.Among the incorporators of the FengerMemorial Association in Chicago, to promoteresearch in bacteriology and surgery, are Professor Frank Billings, of Rush Medical Collegeand the University, who is president of the association, and Professor Ludwig Hektoen,Head of the Department of Pathology andBacteriology, who is the secretary-treasurer.Recent Industrial Progress of Germany, adetailed account of the cause and extent ofGermany's industrial development during thelast two decades, is the title of a recent bookpublished by Houghton, Mifflin & Co. It waswritten by Earl Dean Howard, who receivedhis Doctor's degree from the University in1905, for work in Political Economy and Sociology.The first incumbent of the M. A. Hannachair of political science recently established at Western Reserve University is Mr. Augustus R. Hatton, Ph.B., formerly Fellow in theDepartment of Political Science. Mr. Hattonrecently had charge of the compilation of municipal charters to be used in the conventionthat framed the new charter for the city ofChicago.The Rhodes scholar representing Illinois atOxford University, England, Mr. Robert L.Henry, Jr., of the class of 1902, has recentlyreceived the degree of bachelor of civil law atOxford, having the distinction of rankingthird in a list of eight successful candidates.Mr. Henry will be given the degree of Doctorof Law at the University of Chicago Convocation on August 30.The title of a paper read before the springmeeting of the Classical Association of theMiddle West and South is "Some SpuriousInscriptions and Their Authors," by ProfessorFrank F. Abbott, of the Department of Latin.At the same meeting Associate ProfessorFrank J. Miller, of the same department, presented a paper on "The Topical Method in theStudy of Vergil."Mr. Charles Horace Lorimer, editor of theSaturay Evening Post of Philadelphia, wasrecently a guest at the University, in companywith a delegation from the Commercial Association of Chicago led by President Bernard A.Eckhart, of the West Park Board. ProfessorAlbion W. Small, Dean of the Gradu ' ^ Schoolof Arts and Literature, received the dsitors onbehalf of the University.The University Preachers for trie SpringQuarter were the following: Professor William Wallace Fenn, Dean of the Harvard Divinity School; Rev. Wallace MacMullen, ofNew York City; Professor Ernest " Burton,Head of the Department of New TestamentLiterature and Interpretation; ProfessorShailer Mathews, of the Department of Systematic Theology; Professor Benjamin Terry,UNIVERSITY RECORD 33of the Department of History ; Rev. George H.Ferris, of Philadelphia ; and Right Rev.Charles Palmerston Anderson, Bishop of Chicago, who was the Convocation Preacher."Chicago : A University by Enchantment" isthe subject of an illustrated contribution in theSaturday Evening Post of July 20, by Mr. JohnCorbin. The five illustrations show the Mitchell Tower, the reception room in the ReynoldsClub, the Ryerson Physical Laboratory fromHull Court, Kent Chemical Laboratory andKent Theater, and the Tower from Hull Courtlooking east between the Botany and Zoologybuildings.Dr. Lewellys F. Barker, professor of medicine in Johns Hopkins University and formerlyhead of the Department of Anatomy in theUniversity of Chicago, gave the doctorate address at the eighty-fifth commencement ofRush Medical College, held in Mandel Assembly Hall on June 12. "The Psychic Side ofMedicine" was the subject of the address,which appears elsewhere in full in this issue ofthe University Record.At the eighth annual banquet of the OhioState University alumni association, April 20,at the Victoria Hotel, Chicago, Professor Edwin E. Sparks was among the speakers. Mr.Sparks also gave the annual address at thePennsylvania State College, June 12, on thesubject of "The Industrial Age and Its Call,"and the commencement address at the OhioState University, June 19, his subject being"Rutherford B. Hayes: An Appreciation."An account of the English social worker,Arnold Toynbee, is contributed to the Maynumber of the Chautauquan by Mr. Carl H.Grabo, Assistant in the Department of English. Mr. Grabo is also the contributor to thesame magazine of a recent series of illustratedarticles on the stage of Shakspere's time."President Hadley on Student Constituency"was the title of a discussion by Professor James R. Angell, Head of the Department of Psychology, in the Chicago Tribune of May 2, regarding the cosmopolitan character of thestudent body East and West.Contributions from St. Petersburg with reference to the recent sessions of the Duma appeared in the Chicago Tribune of May 12 and19, and June 9 and 23, and were written byMr. Samuel N. Harper, Associate in the Russian Language and Literature, who graduatedfrom the University in 1902. Mr. Harper alsohad a contribution in the July issue of theWorld To-Day entitled "Russia's SecondDuma."On the evening of May 2 there was held inMandel Assembly Hall a public meeting underthe auspices of the Commonwealth Club, in theinterest of international peace. Professor FloydR. Mechem, of the Law School, presided, andaddresses were given by Professor CharlesZueblin of the Department of Sociology, andMiss Jane Addams, Lecturer in Sociology andhead of Hull House, Chicago. Resolutionswere presented and passed, to be sent to TheHague Conference in June.A college comic opera entitled Sure EnoughSegregation was presented before large audiences on the evenings of May 10 and 1 1 in Man-del Assembly Hall by the student organizationknown as "The Blackfriars." The book, lyrics,and music were jointly written by Mr. HarryA. Hansen and Mr. Floyd A. Klein, of theJunior Colleges, and the music was under thedirection of Mr. Earle S. Smith, also of theJunior Colleges. This is the fourth comicopera presented by "The Blackfriars."James Albert Woodburn, professor ofAmerican history and political science in Indiana University, gave the address in MandelAssembly Hall on July 4, his subject being"The Political Principles of the Declaration ofIndependence." Mr. David A. Robertson, ofthe Department of English, read the Declara-34 UNIVERSITY RECORDtion of Independence, and Mr. Lester B. Jones,Director of Music, gave a solo. Associate Professor Francis W. Shepardson, of the Department of History, was the presiding officer.During the past three months Dr. John B.Watson, of »the Department of Psychology,has been under appointment from the CarnegieInstitution, for which he has been makingobservations and experiments upon certain peculiar varieties of seagulls at the Dry Tortugas,off the coast of Florida. The expedition hasbeen, for the most part, very successful, and itsresults will in due time appear in print.During Dr. Watson's absence Dr. HarveyCarr, of the Pratt Institute, has been in chargeof part of his work.The report of the Reynolds Club for theyear ending March I, 1907, showed the organization to be in a very gratifying condition bothas to finances and membership. On that datethe club had a balance on* hand of $1,678.75,and a membership of 414 — the largest numberin the history of the club. During the yearending March 1 Mr. Earl D. Hostetter, of theclass of 1907, was president of the club; Mr.Edward G. Felsenthal of the class of 1908, wasthe secretary; and Mr. Donald P. Abbott, ofthe class of 1907, the treasurer.At the annual meeting of the Beta of Illinoischapter of Phi Beta Kappa on June 8 Professor Nathaniel Butler, Dean of the Collegeof Education, was elected president for the ensuing year; Dr. Edward B. Krehbiel, of theDepartment of History, vice-president; andAssociate Professor Francis W. Shepardson,Dean of the Senior Colleges, was made secretary-treasurer. Sixteen students were electedto Phi Beta Kappa at the Summer Convocation on Jutie 11 for especial distinction in general scholarship in the University.The ninety-second contribution from theHull Botanical Laboratory entitled "Gravity asa Form-Stimulus in Fungi" appears in theApril issue of the Botanical Gazette, the writer being Dr. Heinrich Hasselbring, of the Department of Botany. In the May number is ajoint contribution on "The Identity of Microcy-cas Calocoma," by Otis W. Caldwell and C. F.Baker. Mr. Caldwell, who received the Doctor's degree from the University in 1898, hasrecently been made Associate Professor of theTeaching of Botany in the School of Education."Sociology and the Other Social Sciences:A Rejoinder" is the subject of the openingcontribution in the May number of the American Journal of Sociology, by Dr. Robert F.Hoxie, of the Department of Sociology. Professor Charles R. Henderson, Head of theDepartment of Ecclesiastical Sociology, discusses Industrial Insurance with referenceto the "Benefit Features of the Trade-Unions." "Progress as a Sociological Concept"is contributed by Mr. Erville B. Woods, whoreceived the Doctor's degree from the University in 1906 for work in Sociology and Political Economy.During July the following served as the University Preacher: Dr. Frank W. Gunsaulus,President of the Armour Institute, Chicago;Rev. William J. McCaughan, of the ThirdPresbyterian Church, Chicago; Professor William J. McGlothlin, of the Southern BaptistTheological Seminary, Louisville, Ky. ; Professor Herbert Lee Stetson, of KalamazooCollege, Michigan; Abbe Felix Klein, of theCatholic Institute, Paris; and ProfessorShailer Mathews, Dean of the Divinity School.Dr. John Watson (Ian Maclaren) was to havebeen the University Preacher on July 14, buthis death occurred a few weeks before.Professor Carl D. Buck, Head of the Department of Sanskrit and Indo-European Comparative Philology, opens the July issue ofClassical Philology with a contribution on"The Interrelations of the Greek Dialects."Assistant Professor Edgar J. Goodspeed, ofthe Department of Biblical and Patristic Greek,UNIVERSITY RECORD 35has an illustrated contribution on the "FieldMuseum Inscriptions;" Professor Frank F.Abbott, of the Department of Latin, contributes "Notes upon MSS Containing Persiusand Petrus Diaconus;" and Professor PaulShorey, Head of the Department of Greek,suggests in a note an emendation of PlatoCharmides i6Sb.Hugo R. Meyer, formerly of the Departmentof Political Economy, contributes a note on"The Prussian Railway Department and theMilk Supply of Berlin." "Reciprocity withGermany" is the subject of the opening contribution in the June issue, by H. Parker Willis, professor of finance in George Washington University, who received his Doctor'sdegree from the University of Chicago in 1898.Dr. Robert F. Hoxie, of the Department ofPolitical Economy also has a contribution inthis number, on "The Trade-Union Point ofView;" and Assistant Professor John Cum-mings, of the same department, contributes anote on "Mortality Statistics: 1905."Non-Resident Professor George E. Hale, ofthe Solar Observatory of the Carnegie Institution, Mt. Wilson, Cal., has the opening contribution in the June number of the Astro physical Journal, the subject being "The Heliomi-crometer." The article is illustrated by a halftone of the instrument. "A Photographic Comparison of the Spectra of the Limb and theCenter of the Sun" is the title of a contributionby Professor Hale and Mr. Walter S. Adams,formerly of the Yerkes Observatory. The article is illustrated by three plates. ProfessorHale also contributes a third article, entitled"Some New Applications of the Spectro-helio-graph," which is illustrated. Noazo Ichinohe,Fellow in the Department of Astronomy, has acontribution in the same number of the journalon the "Orbit of the Spectroscopic Binary kCancri."General Kuroki, of Japan, and his staff werethe guests of the University on May 31. They were met at Haskell Oriental Museum byPresident Harry Pratt Judson and taken on atour of inspection of the buildings, GeneralKuroki being particularly interested in thework and apparatus of the Ryerson PhysicalLaboratory, where Professor Albert A. Michelson, Head' of the Department of Physics, explained the uses of diffraction gratings andhis instrument for ruling them. In HutchinsonCourt the general was cheered by several hundred students, whom he briefly thanked.Later in the afternoon a reception wasgiven for the distinguished guest in the Quadrangle Club.On the evening of May 30 a farewell dinnerto Professor George N. Stewart, Head of theDepartment of Physiology, was given at "TheBismarck." About thirty-five were present. Dr.John C. Webster, of Rush Medical College,presided, and among the speakers were Professor Albert P. Mathews and Assistant Professor Anton J. Carlson, of the Department ofPhysiology ; Professor Alexander Smith, of theDepartment of Chemistry; Professor EliakimH. Moore, Head of the Department of Mathematics; and Dr. Joseph A. Capps, of RushMedical College. Professor Stewart, who hasbeen connected with the University of Chicagosince 1903, becomes in the autumn professor ofexperimental medicine in Western ReserveUniversity, from which institution he came toChicago.Dramatic Traditions of the Dark Ages is thetitle of a volume of about 370 pages recentlyissued from the University of Chicago Press,the author being Mr. Joseph S. Tunison. Thebook is dedicated to Associate ProfessorFrancis Wayland Shepardson, of the Department of History, and in the preface recognitionis given to the value of the criticism offered byProfessor John M. Manly, Head of the Department of English. The four chapters in the bookdiscuss the "Traditions Due to the War BetweenChurch and Theater," "Traditions of Dramatic36 UNIVERSITY RECORDImpulses in Religion," "Eastern Traditions andWestern Development," and "Traditions byWay of Ancient and Mediaeval Italy." Thevolume, which concludes with an index of fourteen pages, is attractively bound in buff, withblack lettering on the back and side.The Truth About the Congo is the title of avolume recently issued by Forbes & Co., ofChicago, a study containing the collected contributions of Associate Professor FrederickStarr, of the Department of Sociology andAnthropology, to the Chicago Tribune fromJanuary 20 to February 3, 1907. In the preface the writer says that he is not personallyresponsible for the title of the book, althoughhe believes that all his statements are true. Healso says :I shall be glad if what I here present makes them[the Congo natives] and their cause better known tothoughtful and sympathetic men and women. Mereemotion, however violent, will not help them. Stubbornrefusal to recognize and encourage reforms, which havebeen seriously undertaken for their betterment, will onlyharm them.The volume, of 130 pages, contains fourteenchapters and six full-page illustrations.The Cap and Gown for the year 1907, whichappeared in May, is an elaborately illustratedvolume of 480 pages dedicated to PresidentHarry Pratt Judson. The frontispiece is aphotogravure reproduction of an excellentphotograph of the President, and the title-pageis an artistically printed winter view of theLaw School Building. Associate ProfessorFrancis W. Shepardson, Dean of the SeniorColleges, contributes a sketch and an appreciation of President Judson's career. There aretwenty-nine art contributors and nineteen literary contributors to the volume, which wasunder the general editorial supervision of Mr.Alvin Frederick Kramer and Mr. Bernard Id-dings Bell. At the Reynolds Club smoker onMay 18 the first six copies of the Cap andGown, containing President Judson's autograph, were sold at auction for $46.50, the pro ceeds being donated to the Harper MemorialFund.First Year Mathematics for SecondarySchools, a volume of about 190 pages recentlyissued by the University of Chicago Press, isthe work of George Willam Myers, Professorof the Teaching of Mathematics and Astronomy in the College of Education, and WilliamR. Wickes, Ernst R. Breslich, Harris F. Mac-Neish, and Ernest A. Wreidt, Instructors inMathematics in the University High School.At the close of the preface the authors saythatthis little volume has been used in mimeograph formduring the past year in the entering classes of the University High School and results were good enough tolead the mathematical faculty to desire to use it againin preference to the standard texts. It is herewithprinted, not out of any desire of the authors to publisha book, but simply to get the matter into better form foruse in their own classes, and to hold what it containsin usable form while the second-year work is beingorganized. Criticism, suggestion, or co-operation fromany competent source will be gladly welcomed by theauthors, to the end that the finished form, when it doesappear, may be as largely and widely serviceable aspossible.The May issue of the Biblical World contains the third contribution on "Social Duties,"by Professor Charles R. Henderson, Head ofthe Department of Ecclesiastical Sociology.The series of articles by the late ProfessorGeorge S. Goodspeed on "The Men Who MadeIsrael" is continued in this number, the specialsubject being "Moses and the Beginnings ofIsrael." Professor Theodore G. Soares, of theDepartment of Homiletics, contributes four expository studies on the subject of "Israel inEgypt." In the June number of the journalProfessor Charles R. Henderson continues hisdiscussion of "Social Duties ;" Professor JamesH. Breasted, of the Department of SemiticLanguages and Literatures, has a contributionon "The Message of the Religion of Egypt;"and Professor Ernest D. Burton, editor-in-chiefof the journal, discusses "The Supply of Edu-UNIVERSITY RECORD 37cated Men for the Ministry." "Social Duty toWorkingmen" is the topic of discussion in theJuly number by Professor Charles R. Henderson under the general subject of "SocialDuties."The Investment of Truth is the title of a newvolume, of 290 pages, issued in June by theUniversityf of Chicago Press. Its contentsconsist of sixteen sermons delivered on variousoccasions by Dr. Frederic E. Dewhurst, latepastor of the University Congregational Churchof Chicago. The introduction to the volumeis written by Professor Albion W. Small, Headof the Department of Sociology, who was acollege friend of Dr. Dewhurst. Among thetitles to the sermons are the following: "TheSpirit Within the Wheels," "The SacramentalValue of Material Things," 'cThe Higher Legalism," "Work," "Three Marks of EssentialChristianity," "The Hospitality of Christianityand the Modifications Resulting." The closingsermon, "Rejoicing in Youth," was prepared asan address before the students of PrincetonUniversity, but the death of the writer intervened before it was given.Under the title of Christianity and Its Bible,the University of Chicago Press recently issuedin the Constructive Bible Studies Series a volume of 390 pages, by Mr. Henry F. Waring.The purpose of the book is indicated in thepreface as that of helpfulness to Sabbath-schoolsuperintendents, teachers, and thoughtful readers generally. In the preface also is acknowledgment of valuable suggestions given by Professor Ernest D. Burton, Head of the Department of New Testament Literature and Interpretation, and by his colleagues. In Part I,chapters i and ii discuss "Religious Life andLiterature," and "Interpretation and Inspiration." Part II — The Bible and Its Times- — contains chapters on geography and contemporaneous history; history and literature ofHebrews, Jews, and early Christians; arts,science, and philosophy; and development of beliefs in Bible times. Part III discusses Christianity since Bible times, and includes a chapteron Christian missions. Part IV considers theChristianity of today. There is a full appendixcontaining suggestions to students and a seriesof questions concerning each chapter of thebook.The Development of Western Civilization —a study in ethical, economic, and political evolution — is the. title of a volume of over 400 pagesrecently issued from the University of ChicagoPress. The writer is J. Dorsey Forrest, professor of sociology and economics in ButlerCollege, who received his Doctor's degree fromthe University in 1900 for work in the Departments of Sociology and Philosophy. In thepreface the writer says that the book representsthe expansion of a dissertation offered for theDoctor's degree. The first chapter considers thecontribution of antiquity to modern society.Among the phases of the subject discussed inthe remaining chapters are the following : "TheProblem Set for Mediaeval Society," "TheOrganization of Agriculture," "The Development of Commerce," "The End of the MiddleAges," and "Social Movements of Today." Inthe appendix are discussed the method andscope of inquiry, including the relation offact to interpretation, the complexity of socialphenomena, the interrelations of the varioussocial sciences, the organic nature of society,the genetic study of society, the demands ofsociology upon history, the method and materialof social history, and the relation of the historyof thought to social history. The writer expresses his indebtedness to Professor JohnDewey, formerly head of the Department ofPhilosophy in the University of Chicago; toProfessor George H. Mead, of the Departmentof Philosophy; and especially to Professor Albion W. Small, Head of the Department of Sociology and Anthropology.The first issue of the University of ChicagoWeekly appeared on the 28th of June, being38 UNIVERSITY RECORDthe first publication of its kind during the Summer Quarter since 1902. The frontispiece ofthe number is a reproduction of the officialportrait of the President of the Universitywhich hangs in Hutchinson Hall. The opening contribution is a "Greeting" from President Judson to the editor of the Weekly. Mr.David Allan Robertson, Secretary to the President, gives an account of the purposes andpossibilities of the Summer Quarter, and thereis a description of the University BotanicalExpedition which has gone to Alaska and British Columbia under the conduct of AssistantProfessor Henry C. Cowles, of the Departmentof Botany. There are other contributions concerning "Senior Exercises," "Society," "Athletics," and "Dramatics," besides editorials, andan article on "The Old Child-Labor Law andthe New," by Edgar T. Davies, chief factoryinspector of Illinois. The second issue of theWeekly opens with an account of the important results of Egyptian exploration conductedfor the University by Professor James H.Breasted, of the Department of Semitic Languages and Literatures. Mr. Luther D. Fernald, managing editor of the Daily Maroon,discusses "College Journalism at the University of Chicago," and the address given in Man-del Assembly Hall on the Fourth of July byProfessor James A. Woodburn, of IndianaUniversity, on "The Political Principles of theDeclaration of Independence," is published infull.The April number of the Chicago AlumniMagazine has a striking frontispiece of the reunion of the students and faculty of the oldUniversity of Chicago on February 22, 1907.Edward A. Buzzell, of the class of 1886, has anaccount of "A Washington Supper" whichbrought together "the most enthusiastic company of students in the Old University everassembled." "The Jackman Memorial Service,"by Theodore B. Hinckley, of the class of 1904 ;"Some Oxford Methods in University Educa tion, I," by Mr. Robert L. Henry, Jr., of theclass of 1902, now a Rhodes Scholar at Oxford;"The Hulbert Memorial Service," by WarrenHastings MacLeod, president of the DivinityCouncil; and "The Decline of the Woman'sUnion," by Helen Peck, of the class of 1809,complete the list of contributed articles. Thefrontispiece of the May number is a highlyartistic view of Ryerson Physical Laboratory ¦,showing the shadows in the botanical pond."The Small College and the University" is thesubject of the opening contribution, by GeorgeE. Vincent, Ph.D. 1896, Dean of the JuniorColleges. "Baseball in the Time of the OldUniversity" is contributed by W. A. Gardner,of the class of 1878; "Some Oxford Methodsin University Education, II," by Mr. Robert L.Henry, Jr., of the class of 1902; and a metrical translation of Horace's ode "To Pyrrha," byEugene Parsons, of the class of 1883. A viewof the Law School is the frontispiece for theJune number, which has also an interior viewof Hutchinson Commons. "The University Library," by Associate Librarian Zella Allen Dixson ;"The Summer Farm," an oration which wonfirst place in the Central Oratorical Leaguethis year, by Harriett Grim, of the class of1908; "The Historical Museum," by EdwinErie Sparks, Ph.D. 1900, Professor of American History; "The Life Messages of PresidentHarper, II;" and "Wanted: A Student Exchange," by Harvey B. Fuller, of the class of1908, make up the contributions to this number, which also contains editorials on "FiveYear Classes" and "Class Gifts." Under thehead of "The University" appears a contribution by Professor Alexander Smith, Dean ofthe Junior College of Science, on "Engineeringat the University," and also a discussion byMr. William Scott Bond, '97, of the alumnipoint of view of the present Western Intercollegiate Conference. There is also in this number the usual full news concerning the classesfrom 1862 to 1906.THE ASSOCIATION OF DOCTORS OF PHILOSOPHYFifteen candidates for the Doctorate received their degrees at the Summer Convocation,June n, 1907. The new Doctors are asfollows :George David Birkhoff, A.B., Harvard University 1905 ; Ph.D. in Mathematics and Physics.Donald Elliott Bridgman, A.B., HamlineUniversity, 1903; Ph.D. in Political Economyand Political Science.Stephen Reid Capps, Jr., A.B., University ofChicago, 1903; Ph.D. in General Geology andPaleontology.Rollin Thomas Chamberlin, S.B., Universityof Chicago, 1903 ; Ph.D. in Geology, Petrology,and Paleontology.Gustavus Walker Dyer, A.B., Randolph-Macon College, 1891; Ph.D. in Sociology andPolitical Economy.Charles Claude Guthrie, S.B., WoodlawnInstitute, 1897; M.D., University of Missouri;Ph.D. in Physiology and Pathology.Robert James George McKnight, A.B., Geneva College, 1896; B.D., Princeton University, 1900 ; Ph.D. in Assyrian and Hebrew.Oscar Riddle, A.B., Indiana University,1902; Ph.D. in Zoology and PhysiologicalChemistry.James Finch Royster, A.B., Wake ForestCollege, 1900; Ph.D. in English, German, andPhilology.Gustav Ferdinand Ruediger, S.B., Universityof Wisconsin, 1900; Ph.D. in Pathology andChemistry.Victor Ernest Shelford, S.B., University ofChicago, 1903; Ph.D. in Zoology and Botany.Henry Smith, A.B., University of Illinois,1903; Ph.D. in History and Church History.Reinhardt Thiessen, S.B., University of Chicago, 1902; Ph.D. in Plant Morphology andPlant Physiology. Effie Freeman Thompson, Ph.B., BostonUniversity, 1891 ; Ph.D. in Biblical and Patristic Greek and Semitic Languages and Literatures.Ghen-ichiro Yoshioka, Ph.B., NorthwesternUniversity, 1906; Ph.D. in Indo-EuropeanComparative Philology, Sanskrit, and Semitic.Of the new Doctors the following are reported as already in positions for the comingyear:Dr.- Birkhoff has been appointed instructor inmathematics at the University of Wisconsin.Dr. Capps has an appointment in connection.with the United States Geological Survey.Dr. Chamberlin has an appointment iii Connection with the United States Geological Survey.Dr. Guthrie is professor of physiology andpharmacology at Washington University, St.Louis, Mo.Dr. Royster has been appointed associateprofessor of English at the University of NorthCarolina.Dr. Shelford is Associate in Zoology at theUniversity of Chicago.Dr. Yoshioka has been elected professor ofEnglish philology at Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.The number of Doctors receiving the degreeat the University during the academic year1906-7 was as follows: Autumn Convocation25, Winter Convocation 8, Spring Convocation 6, Summer Convocation 15, making atotal for the year of 53 and a grand total todate of 443.Among the Doctors of the year not previously reported as to positions are the following:Dr. Albert A. Farley, who took his Doctorate in the summer of 1906, is director of ob-40 UNIVERSITY RECORDservation in the State Normal School at Osh-kosh, Wis.Dr. Anthony L. Underhill, who was last yearin the department of mathematics at PrincetonUniversity, has been appointed instructor inmathematics at the University of Wisconsin.Dr. Alebrt N. Merritt is in business in Chicago and has recently been married.Dr. Chester N. Gould has been in the department of German in Dartmouth College since1906.Dr. Anna B. Hersman holds a position as instructor in the Hyde Park High School, Chicago.Dr. Paul G. Heinemann, who during theyear has been Assistant in Bacteriology at theUniversity of Chicago, is now connected withthe serum division of the Memorial Institute ofInfectious Diseases.At the spring meeting of the Classical Association of Kansas and Western Missouri threeDoctors of the University took important parts.Dr. Arthur T. Walker, '98, professor of Latinat the University of Kansas, is a strong factorin the development of the Association. Dr.Frederick W. Shipley, '01, professor of Latinat Washington University, St. Louis, gave anillustrated lecture on the "Roman Camp" andread a paper on "Freshman and SophomoreLatin in College." Dr. Warren S. Gordis, '06,professor of Latin at Ottawa University,read a paper on "The Accusative of Specification in the First Six Books of the Aeneid."Besides these Doctors other representativesof the classical departments at the Universityof Chicago who were active at the meetingwere Professor Wilber J. Greer, of WashburnCollege, who read a paper on "The RomanColleges, a Modern Comparison;" ProfessorClark, of Fairmount College; and ProfessorOsman G. Markham, of Baker University,president of the Association.Dr. George F. Reynolds, '05, head of the department of English, Shattuck School, Faribault, Minn., recently directed the presentationby the Senior class of Shattuck School of BenJohnson's comedy "Epicoene or the SilentWoman." This play was last acted professionally in 1789. It was presented by Howardstudents in 1895. Professor Manly, Head ofthe Department of English, says in thelast President's Report that Dr. Reynold's dissertation has been characterized by the highestauthorities at home and abroad as the beststudy of the manner of staging plays in theage of Shakspere that has yet appeared .Dr. Carelton J. Lynde, '95, who during thepast year has been at Washington and Jefferson College, has been elected professor ofphysics at MacDonald College of McGill University, Canada.The spring announcement of the publications of the University of Chicago Press contains the names of numerous Doctors of theUniversity, among which are the following:Lectures on Commerce, edited by Dr. HenryR. Hatfield, '97, professor of accounting in theUniversity of California.The Legislative History of Naturalization inthe United States, by Frank George Franklin,'00, professor of history and political sciencein the University of the Pacific.The Social Ideals of Alfred Tennyson asRelated to His Time, by William Clark Gordod'99, pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church,Westfield, Mass.Lodowick Carliell, by Charles H. Gray, '04,assistant professor of English in the University of Kansas.Some Principles of Elizabethan Staging, byGeorge F. Reynolds, head of the department ofEnglish, Shattuck School, Faribault, Minn.The Idle Actor in Aeschylus, by Frank W.Dignan, '05, assistant in the University Press.The Aesthetic Experience: Its Meaning ina Functional Psychology, by Elizabeth KemperUNIVERSITY RECORD 41Adams, '04, instructor in philosophy and education in Smith College.Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus, by BernardCamillus Bondurant, '05, professor of classicallanguages in the Florida State College forWomen.The Development of Western Civilization:A Study in Ethical, Economic, and PoliticalEvolution, by J. Dorsey Forrest, '00, professorof sociology and economics in Butler College.Studies in Ancient Furniture: Couches andBeds of the Greeks, Etruscans, and Romans,by Caroline L. Ransom, '05, associate in artand archaeology in Bryn Mawr College.Tables of Phonetic Changes, arranged byFrancis A. Wood, '95, Assistant Professor ofGermanic Philology in the University of Chicago.Methods of Plant Histology, by Charles J.Chamberlain, '97, Assistant Professor of Botany in the University of Chicago.A Laboratory Manual of PhysiologicalChemistry, by Ralph W. Webster, '02, of theDepartment of Medicine in Rush Medical College, and Waldemar Koch, of the Departmentof Physiology in the University of Chicago.Neurological Technique, by Irving Hardes-ty, '99, instructor in anatomy in the Universityof California; formerly Assistant in Neurology in the University of Chicago.Laboratory Outlines for the Study of theEmbryology of the Chick and the Pig, byFrank R. Lillie, '94, Professor of Embryologyin the University of Chicago.The Role of Diffusion and Osmotic Pressure in Plants, by Burton Edward Livingston, 'oi,in charge of research in the Desert BotanicalLaboratory of the Carnegie Institution, Tucson, Arizona.Homeric Vocabularies: Greek and EnglishWord-Lists for the Study of Homer, by William Bishop Owen, '01, Associate Professor ofEducation in the University of Chicago, andEdgar Johnson Goodspeed, '98, Assistant Professor of Biblical and Patristic Greek in theUniversity of Chicago.Sex and Society: Studies in the Social Psychology of Sex, by William I. Thomas, '96,Associate Professor of Sociology in the University of Chicago.A High School Algebra, for use in the firstyear of the secondary-school course, by Dr.Herbert E. Slaught, Assistant Professor ofMathematics in the University of Chicago, andN. J. Lennes, instructor in mathematics in theWendell Phillips High School, Chicago, hasjust been published by Allyn & Bacon, Boston.Mary B. Harris, who, since receiving herDoctorate in 1900, has been instructor in Latinin Dearborn Seminary, Chicago, has been appointed to a position in the Bryn Mawr Schoolof Baltimore, Md.Rev. A. P. Fors, who received the Doctor'sdegree in comparative religion and philosophyin 1904, is pastor of the Swedish LutheranChurch, corner of Sixty-second and PeoriaStreets, Chicago, and is also president of theboard of directors of the Englewood Hospitaland lecturer in psychology in the School ofNurses connected with the hospital.42 UNIVERSITY RECORDTHE LIBRARIAN'S ACCESSION REPORT FOR THESPRING QUARTER, 1907During the Spring Quarter, April-June, 1907,there has been added to the library of the University a total number of 4,395 volumes fromthe following sources :BOOKS ADDED BY PURCHASEBooks added by purchase, 3,170 volumes, distributedas follows: Anatomy, 12; Anatomy, Neurology, Pathology, and Physiology, 1 ; Anthropology, 1 7 ; Astronomy[(Ryerson), 3 ; Astronomy (Yerkes), 79 ; Bacteriology, 1 ;Biology, 1 ; Botany, 4; Chemistry, 10; Church History, 8;Commerce and Administration, 5 ; Comparative Religion,10 ; Embryology, 1 ; English, 348 ; English, German, andRomance, s ; General Library, 64 ; General Literature,3 ; Geography, 60 ; Geology, 3 1 ; German, 68 ; Germanand English, 2 ; Greek, 78 ; History, 834 ; History ofArt, 23; Homiletics, 5; Latin, 61; Latin and Greek, 14;Law School, 550; Lexington Hall, 18; Mathematics, 16;Morgan Park Academy, 8 ; Neurology, 6 ; New Testament, 26 ; Pathology, 1 7 ; Philosophy, 26 ; Physical Culture,i ; Physics, 40 ; Physiological Chemistry, 4 ; Physiology,12 ; Political Economy, 30 ; Political Science, 36 ; Psychology, 17; Public Speaking, 13; Romance, 60; Sanskrit and Comparative Philology, 30 ; School of Education, 229; Semitics, 69; Sociology, 128; Systematic Theology, 71 ; Zoology, 15.BY GIFTBooks added by gift, 901 volumes, distributed as follows: Anthropology, 2; Astronomy (Yerkes), 22; Bacteriology, 1 ; Biology, 37 ; Botany, 2 ; Chemistry, 2 ;Church History, 4 ; Commerce and Administration, 2 ;Comparative Religion, 4 ; Divinity School, 3 ; Egyptology, 2 ; English, 1 1 ; English, German, and Romance, 1 ;•General Library, 558 ; General Literature, 1 ; Geography,19 ; Geology, 16 ; German, 1 ; Greek, 1 ; History, 19 ;History of Art, 3 ; Latin, 3 ; Law School, 4 ; LexingtonHall, 1 ; Mathematics, 2 ; Neurology, 1 ; New Testament, 1; Pathology, 10; Philosophy, 1; Physical Culture, 7;Physics, 5 ; Physiology, 3 ; Political Economy, 75 ; Political Science, 5 ; Romance, 4 ; Sanskrit and ComparativePhilology, 1 ; School of Education, 42 ; Semitics, 3 ;Sociology, 9; Systematic Theology, 2; Zoology, 11.BY EXCHANGEBooks added by exchange for University publications,324 volumes, distributed as follows : Anthropology, 1 ;Astronomy (Ryerson), 1; Astronomy (Yerkes), 16;Biology, 1 ; Botany, 4 ; Church History, 14 ; ComparativeReligion, 3 ; Divinity School, 2 ; English, 1 ; GeneralLibrary, 130 ; Geography, 1 ; Geology, 6 ; German, 3 ;Greek, 1 ; History, 2 ; Homiletics, 3 ; Latin and Greek,1 ; Law School, 2 ; Neurology, 1 ; New Testament, 10 ;Pathology, 1 ; Philosophy, 1 ; Physics, 6 ; Political Economy, 45 ; School of Education, 4 ; Semitics, 30 ; Sociology, 19; Systematic Theology, 15.SPECIAL GIFTSFrederic I. Carpenter, 33 volumes — English Literatureand miscellaneous.Hobart C. Chatfield-Taylor, 1 volume — biography ofMoliere.William Ewart, 4 volumes — pathology.Charles R. Henderson, 241 volumes and 879 pamphlets— mainly United States government documents and statereports.Albion W. Small, 8 volumes — proceedings of theConference of Arts and Science at the Louisiana PurchaseExposition.James W. Thompson, 6 volumes — history.France — Minister of Public Instruction, 8 volumes —works of Charles Graux.New York City, 7 volumes — city reports.Rhode Island Insurance Commissioners, 10 volumes —reportsUnited States government, 28 volumes — documents.The total given above does not include thegift by Mrs. William R. Harper of 1,028 volumes and 5,700 pamphlets.