THE UNIVERSITY RECORDOFTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOMEMORIAL NUMBER, MARCH, 1906CONTENTSFrontispiece: William Rainey Harper, President of the UniversityMemorial Addresses at the Funeral of William Rainey Harper:By William H. P. Faunce, President of Brown University 5By E. Benjamin Andrews, Chancellor of the University of Nebraska 9By Harry Pratt Judson, Dean of the Faculties of Arts, Literature, and Science - - - - 11Resolutions in Memory of the President of the University:By the University Board of Trustees - 15By the University Senate Representing the Faculties -16By the University Congregation 18By the Board of Trustees of the Divinity School 19Memorial Address at Harvard University, by Joseph Henry Beale, Jr., Professor of Law 20Memorial Addresses at Columbia University:By Nicholas Murray Butler, President of Columbia University 22By Charles Cuthbert Hall, President of Union Theological Seminary 22Poem (with Portrait of President Harper), by Andrew Fleming West, Dean of the GraduateSchool, Princeton University 24Memorial Addresses: tAt the University of Illinois, by President Edmund J. James 25At Denison University, by Richard Steere Colwell, Professor of Greek 30At John B. Stetson University, by President Lincoln Hulley 32Addresses at the Memorial Meeting of the Student Body:By Harry Pratt Judson, Dean of the Faculties of Arts, Literature, and Science 36By Eri Baker Hulbert, Dean of the Divinity School 37By Charles Andrews Huston, Representing the Law School --------38By Arthur Eugene Bestor, on Behalf of the Alumni and Graduate Schools 38By George Raymond Schaeffer, on Behalf of the Senior Colleges f 40By John Fryer Moulds, on Behalf of the Junior Colleges •- 41By Edith Baldwin Terry, on Behalf of the Women of the University 41Memorial Exercises of the Alumni Association:A Letter from President Harper to the Secretary of the Alumni Association of the Old University ofChicago -43The President and the Students of the University, by William Scott Bond 43Dr. Harper in the Early Days of the University, by James Primrose Whyte 44Dr. Harper: His Life a Message to Us, by Maude Torrence Clendening 4612 UNIVERSITY RECORDPresident Harper's^Relation tojEducation, by Florence Holbrook -------47Dr. Harper as a Teacher, by Theodore Gerald Soares, Professor of Homiletics 49Resolutions in Memory of President Harper -----.-...51President William R. Harper (Portrait) 5President Harper and His Life Work, by John Huston Finley, President of the College of the City ofNew York 52Personal Recollections of Dr. Harper, by Frank Knight Sanders, formerly Dean of the Yale DivinitySchool 56The Late President Harper, by George Adam Smith, Professor of Hebrew in the United Free ChurchCollege, Glasgow, Scotland - - 58William Rainey Harper, An Editorial in the Outlook, by Lyman Abbott 60The Death of William R. Harper, Reprinted from the Springfield Republican 63William Rainey Harper, The Man, by Albion Woodbury Small, Dean of the Graduate School of Artsand Literature -65William Rainey Harper: An Appreciation, by Shailer Mathews, Professor of Systematic Theology - 70The Personal Religion of William Rainey Harper, by Ernest DeWitt Burton, Head of the Departmentof New Testament Literature and Interpretation - - 74William Rainey Harper, Biographical, by Francis Wayland Shepardson, Dean of the Senior Colleges - 78President Harper as an Administrator, by Nathaniel Butler, Dean of the College of Education 82President Harper as the Christian Scholar, by John Merlin Powis Smith, of the Department of SemiticLanguages and Literatures 85Communications for the Editor should be addressed to the Recorder of the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.Business Correspondence should be addressed to the University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois.Subscription, $1.00 a year; single copies, 25 cents. Postage prepaid by publishers for all subscriptions in theUnited States, Canada, Mexico, Cuba, Porto Rico, Panama Canal Zone, Republic of Panama, Hawaiian Islands, Philippine Islands, Guam, Tutuila (Samoa), Shanghai. For all other countries in the Postal Union, 25 cents for postage shouldbe added to the subscription price. Remittances should be made payable to the University of Chicago Press and should bein Chicago or New York exchange, postal or express order. If local check is used, 15 cents must be added for collection-Claims for missing numbers should be filed on or before thirty days after the date of publication.MEMORIAL NUMBERUniversity RecordMARCH, 1906MEMORIAL ADDRESSES AT THE FUNERAL OF WILLIAM RAINEY HARPER, PRESIDENTOF THE UNIVERSITY1ADDRESSBY WILLI AM H. P. FAUNCEPresident of Brown University"Your young men shall see visions," saidthe Hebrew prophet. Because one young manbegan to see visions some thirty years ago,and was true to what he saw, we are here todayand the University is here for centuries tocome.A great personality, like a great mountain,is many-sided. Those who dwell on differentsides of the mountain all alike see it loominglarge against the sky; but they see differentoutlines, form various impressions, and theirreports must vary. A rarely gifted soul, aborn leader of men, can be understoodonly when all reports are united, and his services to the nation and to the world can beevaluated only when seen through the longperspective of many years. Leaving to others,or to the future, the estimate of our departedleader's place in history, we may occupy thesemoments simply with* the utterance of affectionand gratitude.No one could know William Rainey Harperwithout admiring the rare simplicity of his1 These addresses were given on the afternoon ofSunday, January 14, 1906, in the Leon Mandel Assembly Hall. spirit. He had something of the simple stur-diness of the Old Testament heroes that heloved so well. This simplicity appeared in hismanner: he was always approachable, genial,unaffected as a child. It appeared in hisspeech, whether public or private, and in all hiswritings. He never attempted any specialforce or brilliancy of style. Oratory was tohim impossible. The striking phrase or paragraph was never an object in itself. He spokelucidly, solidly, forthrightly, and the simplelanguage of the fireside was the language inwhich he addressed listening thousands.This native simplicity was seen in his philosophy and religion. His mind was distinctlyconcrete and non-metaphysical. He declinedto dwell in the clouds of philosophic discussion.A companion all his life of metaphysicians andtheologians, he propounded no philosophic theory and defended no dogmatic system. His religious faith was not the outcome of logic,it was the product of instinct and wide experience. His conduct of worship in the homeor the church was marked by a naivete andchildlike sincerity that was touching and convincing. He approached the infinite, not bythe pathway of speculation or sacrament, butas confidently and simply as a child reaches outto a father.4 ujsrivERsn t recordMore clearly than anywhere else was thissimplicity seen in his home. He was the comrade of his family and the best friend of hisown children. We may not lift the veil of domestic privacy. Yet how many times he liftedit to welcome distinguished scholars, authors,statesmen, from all parts of the world! Eachof these in turn discovered in that family circle, bound fast in mutual service, one sourceof our leader's power, and each was greetedwith an unaffected friendship which grappledthe visitor as with hooks of steel.Out of this simplicity of character spranga marvelous complexity of enterprise and organization. The immense variety of his undertakings bewildered or dazzled those who couldnot perceive that these were all branchings fromthe single stem of one great purpose. It wasan inner passion for unity which led him toundertake so many tasks and formulate soelaborate plans. The wheels within wheels reallyformed a closely articulated mechanism forconveying a single purpose and ideal over avast extent of territory and through many sections of society. He could not endure looseends in thought or action. He would not trusthis ideas to the long result of time, or the slowprocesses of evolution. He was not content,in Milton's phrase, to "let truth and errorgrapple," and hope that in some future age thetruth might win by its own inherent strength.He must embody that truth in some immediatevisible organization, must give it hands andfeet, and construct for it a pathway into allthe ends of the earth. He was instinct withthe spirit of the crusader. But his crusadeagainst the powers of darkness was no planlessoutburst of zeal. The hosts were marshaled,captained, provisioned; with tireless vigilanceeach station in the journey was determined, andthe end crowned the work.No man of our generation was more greatlydowered with the constructive imagination. The same power has enabled others to construct mentally cathedrals, bridges, tunnels, orgreat industrial enterprises; the power, whichin others gave birth to ideal creations in art,philosophy, or literature, in his mind blossomedinto far-reaching schemes for the educationof the people. On a certain porch by the shoreof an inland lake he sat day after day for manysuccessive summers, and in silence dreamedout his plains for this University. Indeed, hewas always dreaming, and his spirit was far inadvance of any associate. I have seen himsummon a stenographer and in a single hourplan a new institution of learning, with all officers and departments, down to the minutestdetail, doing this partly as a recreation frommore difficult tasks. I have seen him stand bya sand-heap and paint in vivid sentences thebuilding that was to rise, and the work to bedone there a century hence. In these visionshe united the imagination of the artist withthe faith of the Christian. He carried with himdaily the substance of things hoped for, theevidence of things not seen.Men have said that he had extraordinaryresources at his own command and thereforeaccomplished extraordinary results. In truth,he had no resources until he had proved to theworld that he could wisely use them. Whenhe organized thousands of students throughoutthe country for the study of a subject that wasesteemed the driest and dullest of all disciplines, he had no resources whatever. Whenhe was professor at Denison and Morgan Park,he was almost destitute of resource. Whenhe came to Chicago, he had no assurances butsuch as might be withdrawn at any time if hefailed to evince a mastery of the situation.Through his whole life this man "went out notknowing whither he went." If others placedin later years large means at his disposal, thequestion remains, why they gave it to him andnot to others. All over the land were institu-UNIVERSITY RECORD 5tions calling for support — why was it grantedhere rather than elsewhere? Because the manwas here, and not elsewhere. "Institutions arebut the shadows of men/' Wealth alone is powerless to establish a seat of learning. It canno more create a university than it can createa human being. We may put millions into atreasury and the heart of youth still be unstirred, the voice of scholarship still besilent, and the fountains of inspiration still besealed. But when the man comes who can takeour gold and by his insight, foresight, andenergy transmute it into the fellowship ofscholars, into the eager pursuit of truthwhether it lead to joy or pain, into undyingallegiance to the ideal and the eternal, thenwaiting wealth follows the man as the tidesunswervingly follow the moon.But President Harper had more than imagination and faith — he had a tenacious and indomitable will. His entire being tingled withvitality, and his will was simply immense vitality in action. His vast power to originatesprang from a wealth of passion, for the passions are the driving wheels of the spirit. Hewas no ascetic or recluse, but took a frank,undisguised enjoyment in the good things oflife. Always he felt delight in sound, andtherefore studied music; delight in color, andgave it expression at all academic functions;delight in festivals and pageants and paintingsand sculpture. It was his principles, not histastes, that made him a staunch advocate ofdemocracy. A man of warm red blood, he carried within a store of intense feeling whichmade his will inflexible. In the glow of hisown nature he fused the most diverse elementsof the constituency around him. In his tremendous purpose were included men of all political parties, all sects and creeds and classes.He instinctively divined the strength and weakness of the men he knew. To their weaknesshe offered support, to their strength he offered a sphere of action, and the world, amazed,saw men who could agree in nothing else,agree in upholding the educational enterpriseof this leader unprecedented and unsurpassed.But let us not forget today — for he wouldhave us remember it — that his great ambitionwas not to be an administrator or executive,but to be a teacher. Administrative dutieswere thrust upon him and he could not escape.The love of teaching was inborn and he couldnot lose it. On his sick-bed he reached out afeeble hand and holding up his book on theMinor Prophets, just from the press, he cried:"I would rather have produced that than bepresident for forty years!" It was the voiceof the scholar refusing to be silenced by thebabel of administrative cares. With what sinking of heart he turned from the comparativeleisure of the professor's chair to assume theburden of the presidency none can know savethose who fifteen years ago stood by his side.Plato in his Republic says that in the ideal statethe magistrate will be chosen from among thosewho are unwilling to govern. Surely in thisrespect, also, Dr. Harper was amply qualified.More than once we have seen him plunged inuttermost dejection as he felt that he was sacrificing his career as a scholar to the desultory,vexatious demands of an office. More thanonce he has been tempted to drop the burdenand resume the work in which he delighted.In recent years he felt a growing sense of isolation, and became increasingly sensitive to themisconstruction which always surrounds menof originality and achievement. But his conscience and his religion held him to his mightytask. Are not our greatest warriors those whohate war? The fact that President Harperhated official routine, and longed to resumethat simple personal relation of teacher andstudent, gave to his administration peculiarpower.But a still deeper element in his power was6 UNIVERSITY RECORDhis absolute unselfishness. Not a particle ofvanity could his closest friend detect. All thehonors heaped upon him, all swift shining success, all the national and international fame,did not for an instant affect his modesty ofbearing and genuine humility of spirit. Hislife was wholly vicarious, freely spent for humanity. If he demanded much of those aroundhim, he demanded more of himself. If he wasinsistent and aggressive, and obliged at timesto inflict pain, it pained him more than anyother, and was always in the service of a greatand distant end. This conviction of his absolute unselfishness drew his colleagues to himin strongest bonds. While he must always bethe fountain of authority, he never treated hislieutenants as employees. He insisted thatscholars should have time for research, fortravel, for production, and his conduct of thisUniversity has lifted the station of theuniversity professor in America.Of his amazing power to toil I can tell younothing, for you have seen it daily. He recognized clearly that it was not his functionto give to the University repose of spirit, butto give it impulsion and vitality. His dynamicquality was unique in the history of education.Like the radio-active substances that give offtheir particles in perpetual showers, yet sufferno apparent loss of energy, he steadily radiatedsympathy, inspiration, suggestion. He set inmovement thousands of sluggish souls who willforever live an intenser, richer, more productivelife because their minds were touched by his.Fortunate, indeed, it was that in this western metropolis the man and the opportunitymet. In the cooler and more cautious atmosphere of the East his work as innovator andrenovator would have been impossible. By remaining in New England he would have donemore for Hebrew and less for the world. Hispower of daring and initiative could find sphereonly in some plastic environment, still young, and eager to hear or tell some new thing. Hisbreak with the past could not have been madein any ancient university. Here in a city whosestalwart genius was akin to his own, whosevast undertakings reflected his own radiantspirit, he found a ttov otS from which he couldmove the world. Here in the hopeful, hospitable West, in the magnificent gifts of thefar-seeing founder, and the great gifts andloyal aid of many citizens, he found the materials to incarnate his vast design. Men ofChicago! Let not his work perish! Let itnot for a moment falter! You are honored inhaving among you what may become the greatest seat of learning in the modern world.When in mid-career, at the zenith of hisfame and strength, he was smitten with mortalpain, he began a work more spiritual in quality,and so more lasting in result, than any donebefore. For the last twelve months he has wonthe admiration and possessed the sympathy ofall who ever heard his name. Calm, unterri-fied, diligent, he has walked forward with slower step toward the iron gate that was to swinginward to the world of light. Men who havelong differed from him in policy have comeclose to him to whisper their friendship andgratitude. They have realized that the finestheroism is not shown in some sudden chargeat the cannon's mouth, but in a twelve-months'march through the valley of the shadow ofdeath by one who even then feared no evil.The great University, composed of studentsfrom every nation under heaven, of teacherstrained in many diverse fields, of strong anddiffering personalities, suddenly drew together, the touch of nature made all kin, and theleader who brought them physically near byhis strength made them spiritually one by hisweakness and pain.And since he believed so unhesitatingly inimmortality, since each day grew clearer hisfaith that somehow, somewhere his work wasUNIVERSITY RECORD 7to continue, shall we not make that faith ourown? Quietly he said: "I feel less hesitation in advancing into the unseen than I hadin accepting the presidency." His life is notto be understood apart from that basal conviction.^ For myself, without reference to thefaith of the fathers, I find it wholly incrediblethat that titanic strength which changed forsome of us our horizon and our career, hasvanished from the universe. Taught as wehave been from our youth to believe in the indestructibility of force, in the conservation ofenergy, surely, to believe that the end of allservice has come to our dead leader would beas great an affront to our intelligence as amockery to our heart. We dare with JohnFiske to affirm that belief in the hereafterwhich is simply "an act of faith in the reasonableness of God's, work." Dr. Harper's lastservice was to make immortality more credible.Therefore in some far-shining sphere,Conscious, or not, of the past,Still thou performest the wordOf the spirit in which thou dost live,Prompt, unwearied as here.Still like a trumpet dost rouseThose who with half-opened eyeTread the border-land dim'Twixt vice and virtue; reviVst,Succour* st; this was thy work,This was thy life upon earth.ADDRESSBY £. BENJAMIN ANDREWSChancellor of the University of NebraskaIf there was any fitness in the request thatI should be one of the speakers at these obsequies, it lay in the circumstance that at threeimportant moments in the life of our departedleader it was my privilege to stand as near tohim as any man stood.One of these was when, in his very youngmanhood, he faced the question of questionsthat comes to every ingenuous spirit, whether to try and live for himself or guide his lifewith a view to the divine will and the world'sgood. Mr. Harper settled that issue in a nobleway. He accepted joyfully the law of serviceto God and man, with the creed naturally accompanying — Christ, the church, the primacy ofthe spiritual, and the endurance of our immaterial part after bodily death. From that creedhe never swerved in any iota. His thoughton immortality in his last days was but a moreintense form of reflection to which he had always been accustomed.Another decisive moment in Mr. Harper'slife occurred when he was forced to ask whether he could be unequivocally a Christian andyet accept the critical attitude toward the biblical oracles, studying their meaning and content without preconceptions as in the caseof any other literature. At that time, all know,most church standard-bearers and theologicalleaders held to the traditional view of Scripture origins and to dogmatic methods in general.Our friend deeply reviewed this problem,and, at risk of failure in the life-career he hadchosen, espoused, with modesty, moderation,and reverence, yet with unflinching positive-ness, the critical point of view. Men have rarely acted with greater moral courage or withhappier results, Dr. Harper's conclusion beingdecisive for a multitude of his disciples.Mr. Harper stood a third time in the valleyof decision when called to determine the policyof this University touching religion, to decidewhether or not it could be positively devout inits attitude and yet boldy face the entire, un-dimmed, and unrefracted light of science, philosophy, and history — all that men's deepest researches had revealed or could ever reveal.Many thought such a combination impossible,some of these speaking in the supposed interestof religion, others in that of soi-disant science.Our brother believed the friendly yoking8 UNIVERSITY RECORDof these two master-interests feasible, andforthwith, in characteristic manner, resolvedto attempt it. It was, everything considered,the boldest experiment ever made in the premises. Success crowned it, and the happy resultof the coronation appears in the conduct of theUniversity today, where true religion is positively honored, while the investigation of allquestions is nevertheless perfectly free, andprofessors are employed solely because of theircharacter and learning, regardless of creed.These episodes reveal the man's devoutspirit, deep, permanent, regnant. He could nothave otherwise acted.Whoso hath felt the Spirit of the HighestCannot confound nor doubt him nor deny.Yea, with one voice, O World, if thou deniest,Stand thou on that side, for on this am I.President Harper's was a pronouncedly religious nature. Could he at this hour speakdown through our air and find a way to ourdull understandings, he would most earnestlycommend to us faith in God as the sole highinspiration that a child of earth can have. Hewould assure us, "Herein lay the secret andspring of all I wrought."No providence of God is more inscrutablethan the cutting short of a benignly activelife at the zenith of its powers; yet sometimesa blessed light shines in upon the mystery ofeven such an event. A life may be full andrich much irrespective of its length. This wasnever better illustrated than by the brief careerjust ended. One's years form a satisfactory tally, not because of their number, butin proportion as he who lives them ignoresand forgets self and lays hold of the millionchances in the way of every earnest soulto help on the cause of good, widen the skirtsof light, and make the realm of darkness narrower. Here, our President would say, couldhe speak to us now, here you have no continuing city or abiding place, but precisely here you have infinite opening for all manner ofloving service in imitation of Him who livedand died for men.His constant faith explains, as nothing elsecan, our hero's unparalleled activity, begun inyouth and kept up incessant to the last, cheating death of his own ; and also that quenchlessenthusiasm marking all his work, which inspired friends, confuted opponents, warmedthe lethargic, and forced anthropologists tonote him as a new type of man. These traitsdid not arise from President Harper's Titanphysique, his strong native good humor andbent toward optimism. The secular man in him,superior as it was, would never have producedthem. They were the manifestations of hisunique religious selfhood.To the same origin we must trace the greatman's simplicity. I knew him when he was ayoung teacher, with no fame and a slender income. I have known him ever since. And Imust testify that he has in no essential of conduct or bearing ever changed. Promotion, renown, power, applause, victory, did not makehim vain. Polite, hearty, friendly, sympathetic,modest, retiring so far as his own personalityand prerogatives were concerned — these werehis characteristics at twenty, and they remainedunmodified at forty-nine.He loved domesticity, privacy, reflection,study, teaching, the simple and the quiet life.Publicity, to be interviewed, photographed, advertised, gaped after by crowds, was not to histaste. He could endure these infelicities because he had schooled himself to put up withwhatever distasteful things his life-plan broughtin his way. But he never liked them; and asyears witnessed the multiplication of them, hesighed — few knew how deep the desire — forrelease. With joy unutterable would he, manya time, but for a sense of duty not to do so,have thrown up his public commission for thechance to live again among his children, hisUNIVERSITY RECORD 9pupils, and his books, as in his youthful years.This inability of fame to make good the lossof domestic joys another has voiced thus:I came into the city and none knew me,None came forth, none shouted He is here,Nor a hand with laurel would bestrew meAll the way by which I drew anear,Night my banner, and my herald, Fear.But I knew where one so long had waitedIn the low chamber by the stairway's height,Trembling lest my foot should be belated,Singing, sighing for the long hours' flightToward the moment of our dear delight.I came into the city and you hailed meSavior, and again your chosen lord,Not one guessing what it was that failed me,While, along the streets, as they adored,Thousands, thousands shouted in accord.But through all the joy I knew, I only,How the Refuge of my heart lay dead and cold,Silent of its music, and how lonely!Never, though you crown me with your gold,Shall I find that little chamber as of old.Some, contemplating Dr. Harper's vast plansand towering ambitions for his University, itsproud and numerous edifices, with others yetmore magnificent to come, and the stupendousendowments realized and reached for, imagined that the master-builder was moved bypride, by lust for fame. It was an entire error.Dr. Harper wished to rear an immense andperfectly equipped university because he believed—and he was right — that the country,civilization, and humanity needed such. Rational, far-sighted philanthropy was at work,not pride at all save of the sort that is legitimate, necessary to all high enterprise.We have been told of the very remarkableconfidence Mr. Harper had in his own reasonings and plans, of his will, so firm and hardto change. But he was not stubborn or opinionated. He could sidestep or retreat as well as advance, and he often did both. Witness,too, his willingness, his desire to hear all sides,all opinions, that he might not err. These arenot the ways of a self-willed man. If hestrongly believed in the essence of his plans,he was like the prophets whom he loved and expounded so well. He had drunk in their spirit.They worked and spoke for God out of a senseof his presence in them, and so did he.Rest, then, dear soldier of the legion andsoldier of the cross, rest thou forever! Thounow wearest thy medal and thy crown, andright richly dost thou deserve them. We stillcamp upon the field; but, animated by thy example and by the good spirit that was in thee,we hope to fight well our fight and ultimatelyto share thy rest, though few indeed of thy fellow-men may hope to attain thy glory.ADDRESSBY HARRY PRATT JUDSONDean of the Faculties of Arts, Literature, and ScienceToday we stand face to face with the greatmystery of the ages — the mystery which eludesphilosophy, which has given the deepest thrillto the song of the poet, its most somber tonesto music and art. Life now flows with abundant tide through every vein — thought and joyand strife, the tender touch of the hand of afriend, the countless emotions and visions andbusy planning which fill the living soul— -theseall are pulsing strong in the « riotous vigor ofrugged vitality. But now — the great silence—and for those who remain on this side the veil,"Oh for the touch of a vanished hand,And the sound of a voice that is still!"The mystery envelopes us now. Its shadowdims the sight and chills the heart. Is it meredarkness — the darkness of a limitless void?Is thq speech of the old Northumbrian ealdor-man true:10 UNIVERSITY RECORDSo seems the life of man, O King, as a sparrow'sflight through the hall when you are sitting at meatin winter-tide, with the warm fire lighted on thehearth, but the icy rain-storm without. The sparrowflies in at one door, and tarries for a moment in thelight and heat of the hearth-fire, and then, flying forthfrom the other, vanishes into the wintry darknesswhence it came. So tarries for a moment the life ofman in our sight; but what is before it, what after it,we know not.Is this indeed all? Is our great President insome sense an answer?The intellectual and spiritual founder of ourUniversity was above all the incarnation of intense life. He was cheerful energy personified.His delight was in varied and unremittingwork; his rest was in some other work. Hiszest in activity was keen; he had eager relishin grappling with difficulty. In fact, to hima difficulty was not a thing to evade nor to surmount — it was a thing to go straight through.Against adverse circumstance he was a veryAndrew Jackson of joyous and tenacious pugnacity. Beaten once, he returned again andagain to the attack with ever renewed spiritand determination. It was the spirit of theconqueror — the very ichor of victory — whichflowed in his veins.New forms of truth, new experience, newoutlooks on life, aroused always his eager interest. He was not impatient with the commonplace — he ignored it, as he was always so absorbed in the unusual and the striking. Hefound the world full of delightful problemsand of the most fascinating studies. He had theseeing eye, which pierced the surface right tothe soul of things. And this was life — life in itsfulness and in its rich variety. In every teeming sense of the word the President was distinctively a live man — and a man who rejoicedin life.A few phases of this busy and complex lifeof his I wish to discuss briefly today.First of all, he was a teacher — and with him teaching was not mere tasteless drudgerywith which to earn his bread. Teaching — andall his old students will assent to this — teaching was to him a delight. He threw himselfinto it with the same eager enthusiasm withwhich he attacked any problem. His field wasa very special one. He seemed at one time tothink it his mission to set all the world studyingHebrew — and under his magnetism it reallyappeared as if it might be done. Any subject-under such a teacher would be a delight toanyone. What becomes of the teacher's work?The architect rears a stately mansion, the engineer constructs a bridge of steel, the painterputs on canvass his dream of beauty, and allmay come and look, and go, and look again.The teacher throws into his chosen calling thebest energy of heart and brain, and it is gone —dissipated among the silent forces which createand recreate social life; it vanishes from sightlike a mist under the morning sun. But infact there is no loss. The true teacher's creative work lives on — lives long after the teacherhimself is gone — lives in the quickened intellectual life of many souls, in the inspiration toloftier ideals, in the character fashioned by hisglowing personality. Throughout this broadland there are thousands of men and womenin whom our President has kindled a sacredfire which is deathless. He lives in them.Again, he was an eager investigator — atruth-seeker. Conventional belief, dogma, tradition, had for him no weight. The only question was. Was it true? His was the realscientific spirit. It was for this reason thatthe biologist, the astronomer, the geologist, allfound in the professor of Hebrew so sympathetic and intelligent a friend. His methodswere theirs. His cardinal canons of researchwere identical with those of the men of science.He could understand.But he was more than a seeker for truth.Truth in itself is imbecile. It never won aUNIVERSITY RECORD 11victory, it never cleansed a decayed society,never uplifted the thoughts of men. But whentruth becomes incarnate, when it animates thesoul of a loyal and courageous man, then it isno longer an abstraction of thought — then it isa dynamic force. So was it with our President.When he once clearly apprehended truth, itpossessed him. It was not laid away ticketedon the shelf of the museum. It was the verylife of his life — it was himself. Hence camethe tremendous force of his advocacy of anycause. His belief in it was not as in some extraneous entity; he was himself the cause — inhim it was incarnate./ It is here, it seems to me, that we find thekeynote of his complex character. Service toothers — that was the essence of his life. Scientific truth which seemed to have no bearingon bettering human conditions did not appealto him. If he found some form of learning aspiritual benefit to himself, he was at once possessed with a passion for spreading it far andwide. When the building of a university camein his way, again he threw himself into it withthe same devoted enthusiasm — here was a newway to help those who were in need. Thehunger for knowledge, the hunger for intellectual thought, these forms of human desirehe longed to satisfy. No new kind of altruisticendeavor appealed to him in vain. His interests therefore were manifold — but throughthem all ran the one golden thread of service tohumanity. He had no atom of selfish ambition. In this age of greed and of shady publiclife he shines as a star of pure white light,Finally, this prince of teachers, with a passion for truth, truth inspired, busy always inhis multifarious forms of helpful energy, wasconfronted suddenly with the supreme problem of life. Is there life beyond the silence?What is it, and what means it?These are questions which every thoughtful man must in the end answer for himself fromthe ripeness of his own experience. There arethose of us who find it impossible to considerthe orderly law of physical forces, the steadysequence of cause and effect, the progressiveevolution of social progress, without the inference of an underlying power, intelligent, wise.Then, on the other hand, as we face the apparent futilities of existence, the incompletenessof such a busy life as that of our President,cut off in the flower of his ripened powers,with so much yet to do, we cannot reconcileit with the underlying wisdom unless on thehypothesis that life goes on somewhere, in someform, to the working out of full fruition.Where? We do not know. How? We cannot understand. In what form? The questionis idle. Can a child think the thoughts of Leibnitz and Newton and Pasteur? What can onebelieve save that our life here is a fragmentof a greater whole, a small arc of a mightycircle whose curvature vanishes in the clouds,but which yet is complete.Men for many ages have tried to paint therealities of a life after death, but have neversucceeded in more than imagery. The symbolsof poet and prophet and priest are but symbols,rude and crude at the best. But that that life isreal, that it is better than the mind of man canconceive, is the conclusion to which for methere is no alternative. The logic is not thatof mathematics, which of necessity is conclusive to all rational minds. Each man mustjudge for himself; for me it is enough.It was enough for our President. Further,in his characteristic way he looked the problemsquarely in the face, he worked it out inthorough fashion, he made the conclusion apart of himself, bone of his bone, flesh ofhis flesh, life of his life. He rested in theserene assurance of a future of conscious activity, in which his great mind and his great12 UNIVERSITY RECORDheart might find full scope. As he said toa few days before the last: "The end is scoming. I am prepared — I do not say forworst — but for the best."May we not say, with the English poet:Strong Son of God, Immortal Love,Whom we, that have not seen thy face, By faith, and faith alone, embrace,Believing where we cannot prove;Thou wilt not leave us in the dust:Thou madest man, he knows not why,He thinks he was not made to die;And Thou hast made him: Thou art just.UNIVERSITY RECORD 13RESOLUTIONS IN MEMORY OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNIVERSITYBY THE UNIVERSITY BOARD OF TRUSTEESThe Trustees of the University of Chicago,neither as a body nor as individuals, can everexpress in terms that seem to them adequatetheir opinion of President Harper or their sentiment for him. Long and close associationwith him has constantly increased their admiration and their affection. If it be true, in general, that a man's intimates lose the edge of theirappreciation of his great qualities, then it isa peculiar tribute to President Harper that wewho knew him so well, and who in the ordinarycourse of our obligations were called upon toscrutinize closely the proposals through whichhe built up his wonderful life-work, are amongthose who most admire his achievements, mostapprove his methods, most wonder at his qualities, and most love and cherish his memory.He was to us, as he was to the outside discerning world, a great man. No Americanof his day came more distinctly and unquestionably — and none more worthily — within thesmall circle of the world's great men. And wedeliberately express the judgment that withhardly more than a single exception no contemporary was more important to the nation,or in view of actual and potential usefulness,could be more missed from among the makersof its highest progress.The building of the University of Chicagoalmost as with a magician's wand is the immediate concrete monument of his most conspicuous activities. But that great — truly great— construction was but the seat of his western,his national, and his fast coming world-wideinfluence. That such a University, comparable with those that are the growths of centuries, should have risen in fifteen years — withevery stick of its timber necessarily hewn andfashioned from the forest — is one of themarvels of human endeavor ; but it is paralleled by the extraordinary development of a comparatively unknown professor, filling a chair ofremotest though deep learning in a quiet divinity school, into a man whose achievements,influence, and fame in education, religion, andthe progress of national ideals have made himone of the most distinguished and importantmen of his time.He became a strong, virile leader. And hedeveloped all of the gifts that are necessary tomake leadership powerful, successful, famous,and pure.His imagination proved itself phenomenal,but it was no more phenomenal than his common-sense. He showed unfailing initiative,both intellectual and executive, and with it thekeenest practical sense of what could beachieved. He spontaneously dealt with thingsof such large importance, and with an outlookand comprehension so broad and universal,that, as his few prominent years went on, hissphere grew larger and larger, and his life andwork grew more and more important, constructive, and leading.We who knew how his thought grew, howhis imagination saw more and more clearly,how his practical and wise plans t6ok form,and how his personality and leadership developed, feel how deep a pity it is that he couldnot have continued his remarkable and almostindispensable career. For he had wonderfulreserves of apparently inexhaustible growthand force; and ambitions and aims peculiar,unselfish, and unsatisfied.And yet, in his comparatively brief opportunity, he accomplished so much and in so masterful and complete a manner that his workis thoroughly established, and with abundantvitality and individuality. He did not complete his plans; indeed, such fruitful geniusas his never could complete itself; but he has14 UNIVERSITY RECORDleft enduring foundations of immense breadth,and enough superstructure to guide those whocome after him. He lived enough and wroughtenough to start a new epoch and to endow itwith lasting consciousness. Short as his publiclife was, he lived long enough to become themaker of an epoch.But these great satisfactions of his careerstill leave us with the immense personal lossof his inspiring and delightful personality ; andwe must mourn him with no hope of replacinghis tender, touching, strong friendship andcompanionship. He has left with us, however,and with thousands of others, a personalmemory which will remain permanently freshand stimulating by reason of his exalted character and life.The full, final, and just appreciation of President Harper's work can come only with time.He was highly valued and understood evenwhile he lived, and few creative and constructive leaders have enjoyed more quick recognition. But his fame will now inevitablybegin to grow anew.BY THE UNIVERSITY SENATE REPRESENTINGTHE FACULTIESIn the death of William Rainey Harper,President of the University of Chicago, we recognize a loss to which we can give no adequateexpression. Insufficient as our words must be,we yet desire to place on record a memorialof our profound sense of bereavement, and anexpression of our exalted appreciation of therare qualities and the phenomenal work of theFather of the University.Called to labor with him by his own selectionand accorded without reserve the place ofbrothers and counselors in service, we foundin him at once a leader and a friend, and in hisloss we are doubly bereft. To a degree rarelyequaled, he made us partakers of counsel with him for the welfare of the University. Hefreely placed before us his plans and purposesand invited the unreserved discussion of them.To an extent limited only by confidential relationships and obvious obligations, he took usinto his confidence, opened to us from time totime his hopes and dreams, and made us sharersin the responsibilities of the development of theUniversity. In all this he encouraged in his coworkers independence of thought and opinion,fostered the utmost freedom in expression andaction, and extended to all the unrestrainedprivilege of initiative. Not only did he courtcriticism of plans and projects, and evoke thefull measure of conflicting opinion relative toeducational policies, but he welcomed thestrenuous opposition which this freedom andindependence not infrequently brought to bearon his own cherished plans. Through thelarge confidence thus reposed, the strong individuality of thought thus stimulated, and theconflict of divergent views thus evoked, hesought the highest available light for the guidance of the institution.This was but an active expression of thatearlier and more fundamental manifestation ofhis catholicity of spirit shown in the choice ofco-workers from men of the most diverse academic relationships, the most varied educational experiences, the most divergent religious, political, and social affiliations, and themost declared personalities. The only essentials to his confidence were character andability, combined with educational and investigative power.In the inner work of the University he joinedto marvelous achievements in securing and organizing means for instruction by others theinspiring example of his own masterly teaching. As executive, he procured for his colleagues opportunities of research, and to theirproductions added his own prolific and scholarly contributions. Through these phenomenalUNIVERSITY RECORD 15labors, he not only organized, directed, andstimulated, but led by his own example. Hispersonal and intelligent interest in every department of the work of the University wasfelt by all. To an exceptional degree he was insympathetic touch with every phase of the endeavors of, his colleagues.We wish to record our profound admirationof the height and breadth of his conceptionof a university's functions. With the fullestsympathy for the work of the colleges and all;the antecedent schools, for extensional andpedagogical education, for professional training,and for all recognized university activities, hesought to extend the institution's work to neglected fields. Especially did he seek to promoteoriginal research in all the higher realms ofhuman interest, and to give to the world thefullest and best accredited truth through appropriate publications. The results thus farrealized are but meager foreshadowings of hislarger hopes, whose fruition, we trust, will,through others hands, yet crown his labors.With the progressive embodiment of theselarge ideals and sympathies in concreteachievement there kept pace, step by step, agrowth of ideas in which accessions from amultitude of sources were conjoined with hisown fertile conceptions and moulded by hisown originality. In this evolution he blendedreverence for the past with appreciation of thepresent and anticipation of the future. Heunited in a singular degree conservatism andprogressiveness, idealism and practicality, theintellectual and the emotional, the material andthe spiritual. Consonant with this, he was incordial sympathy at once with physical, withintellectual, with social, and with religiouseducation, and regarded all as but necessaryparts of a composite whole.The wonderful activity, the abounding cheerfulness, the unhesitating courage that signalized his endeavors have ever commanded our highest admiration; and their influence onthe future life of the University constitutes apossession of incalculable value.In the intimacy of our relations we havecome to know that with the joys of greatachievements and the higher delights ofscholarly pursuits there was commingled keensuffering from the thrusts of unjust criticismand misinterpretation of his aims and motives.Nobly as he accepted the conscientious opposition and the open criticisms, however severe,of those who sought with him the best way andthe best things, it was not the least of the testsof his fortitude that he bore with cheerfulnessand without reply the detractions that sprangfrom unworthy motives, from careless misconstruction, or from indifference to the greatends for which he labored.Other great qualities endeared him to us asindividuals, and had no small share in makinghim a leader whom we could love and trust.Notable among these was his strong personalinterest in every member of the Universitystaff. Many who felt that their relations tohim had been entirely and merely official foundwith surprise, when suffering or distress assailed them, that the President's interest, farfrom being merely official, was personal, warm,and unwaveringly faithful. No clamor, however loud, no opposition, however powerful,could move him; and his simple statement afew days before he died that he had neverabandoned a man under popular attack wasone which many had long ago formulatedfor him from experience or observation. Socareful, so sensitive was he upon this pointthat he sometimes seemed to have carried hisprinciple too far.Under the shadow of the last year of suffering and impending death we have come torealize, as never before, the greatness of President Harper's personality. Far above thecourage that so unhesitatingly met the diffi-16 UNIVERSITY RECORDculties of great endeavors in the years of hisvigor, rises that moral fortitude that calmlyaccepted the unalterable decree and used eachremnant of failing strength in a heroic effortto finish, so far as he might, the work he hadbegun, and so to order the rest that it mightsuffer as little as possible from the withdrawalof his guiding hand. The fortitude and faithof these closing months are a monument ofmoral greatness whose influence in the futurelife of the University cannot be measured. Itis the most precious legacy of a noble life.E. B. Hulbert.E. D. Burton.J. P. Hall.J. M. Manly.T. C. Chamberlin.BY THE UNIVERSITY CONGREGATIONAt the fifty-first meeting of the UniversityCongregation, held on Monday, March 19,1906, it was moved that the following minutebe adopted, and spread upon the records of theCongregation :"The passing of President William RaineyHarper completes an epoch in the history of theUniversity of Chicago,, and it belongs to theCongregation to register its appreciation of thespecial phase of his work and his aims whichits organization represents."Among all the distinctive features whichPresident Harper's creative genius wroughtinto the structure of the University, none ismore largely due to his own initiative than theCongregation. Although this body was notspecifically provided for in the original prospectus, the idea which it was later devised torealize was among the most important of thefundamental conceptions upon which theUniversity was based. The University thatwas projected in President Harper's thoughtshould be, not less than the older institutions, first and foremost a society of scholars. Muchmore than they, however, it should be awareboth of its subordination to society at large andof its vocation to serve the world. PresidentHarper was not content that the reaction between the University and the world should be,on either side, by a mere unconscious process.of emanation and absorption. He believedthat the University should exercise both prophetic and priestly offices in society, but he alsobelieved that, in order to discharge these functions, the University must guard its vital unionwith the developing life of the community. Hewas eager for the University to be distinguished as a formative factor in democracy. Atthe same time he most earnestly desired thatall the graduates of the University, whetherengaged in academic work or not, should remain in co-operation with their Alma Mater."These two motives gave birth to the Congregation. President Harper believed that thealumni may accomplish much, both as mediators of the ideals of the University to societyat large, and as interpreters of the more concrete interests of life to the University. To hismind the Congregation was a promising meansof blending academic and non-academic influences in adapting the work of the Universityto socials needs."The Congregation unites with the otherofficial bodies of the University in testimonyof admiration, respect, and love for PresidentHarper as a scholar, as a teacher, as a leader,and as a man. It is especially appropriate thatthis tribute should, in addition, emphasizePresident Harper's ambition to unify scholarship and life, and in particular his hope thatthe University of Chicago might be foremostin achieving this unity. He strongly believedthat the Congregation would contribute largelyto this end. He confidently predicted that thisassemblage of alumni with members of theFaculties, to compare views about educationalUNIVERSITY RECORD 17policy, would eventually have great significance,on the one hand in saving the University fromsterile pedantries, on the other hand in transplanting all that is fruitful in university idealsinto the large life of the world."President Harper's work has already become the guiding tradition of the University.No part of that tradition deserves to be moreloyally cherished than that of which the Congregation is both guardian and symbol."BY THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE DIVINITYSCHOOLAt a meeting of the Board of Trustees ofthe Divinity School held on January n, 1906,resolutions were spread upon the minutes, setting forth the life and character of PresidentHarper. Included in these resolutions werethe following special testimonies to the latePresident :"First of all, President Harper was a student.He loved original investigation. He had a passion for fundamentals. In him the modernhistoric method and large academic freedomhad a noble exemplification and advocate. Hisinfluence in these realms cannot now be fullyestimated. While his name in public becameafterward more identified with university management, the love of his heart lingered in thestudy and classroom. His attainments as a Semitic scholar have a world-wide acknowledgment."He had marvelous talents as a teacher: hehad the magnetism of passionate fondness forhis tasks; his personality was in all his instruction, making it vital and interesting aswell as solidly instructive."He had unsurpassed genius for organization and administration as an executive. Itwas this commanding ability that made leadingbusiness men respect him and bow to the urgency of his lofty ideals."Such a man would naturally find dissentand opposition at times ; but in all such experience he ever maintained masterful self-control.To oppose a new venture of his was never tolose his esteem or friendship. He met onedefeat by another new-born project more skilfully adjusted than the last."He had a tact born, not of compromise, butof deep determination that could wait and inthe meantime flood the intervening space withthe sunshine of kindliness always sure to winits way for a more lenient treatment."His fidelity to associates was of rarestquality; his devotion to friends of the innercircle like that of Jonathan and David."He was profoundly ethical. His religionwas of that reverent, wide, simple kind thatmade him a brother to any man who fearedGod sincerely."18 UNIVERSITY RECORDMEMORIAL ADDRESS AT HARVARD UNIVERSITY1BY JOSEPH HENRY BEALEt JR., LLD.Professor of Law in Harvard University; formerly Dean of the Law School, the University of ChicagoWhen a great man dies, the thing the worldthinks of first is, what he has done, what hehas done for mankind, what he has achieved inhis useful life. And in setting in order ourmemory of the great man whom we meet tohonor, the first thing that we must think of isthe achievement that he has made in his shortbut busy life. He was a man of most constructive mind, a man with the mind of a captain of industry. He originated a great scheme,'and a novel scheme, for the University whichhe founded; a scheme which some thought rantoo much to form and system, too rigidly encompassed about with rules which hamperedin some ways the growth of the University. Hehimself never was hampered by the form thathe provided for the child of his mind. Heknew when to brush aside the forms that hehad made and when to take a step ahead in spiteof the rules laid down beforehand.But his greatness was not in the form thathe provided. The plans that he made, the newfeatures for university life which he adopted,proved themselves so immediately useful thatthey have had a profound influence upon university life throughout the country, and especially in the Middle West. His plan of separation of the academic department into an earlierpreliminary part, a part in which the mannersand minds of the students should be mouldedrather than left to expand by themselves, anda later part in which greater academic freedom should be given to them will, I believe, bethe base on which will be built our future university organizations ; and it has already spreadthrough a large part of the country and has^his address was given at a special memorialservice in Appleton Chapel, Harvard University, onSaturday, January 13, 1906. profoundly influenced the university life in theWest. His plan of using to the full extentthroughout the whole of the year the resourcesof his university has been followed, and is likelyto be followed in the future very widely, andby putting into exercise this plan he brought tomany men the opportunity which they otherwisewould not have had of getting the benefit ofa university education.In carrying out his. plans the first great quality that he showed was that of judgment of themen whom he employed to help him. Hisjudgment of men was quick and almost unfailing. It took only a few minutes for him tomake up his mind, and his mind once made uprarely had to be changed, and it was theselieutenants that he chose who carried out forhim the work which he had first originated.One would seldom find the head of a greatenterprise who little interferes in the actualworking out of the details of the administration. Dr. Harper seldom visited the departments of his university, almost never interferedin the actual administration of the rules, or evenin the greater affairs of policy. If he chose aman and trusted him, he left him free to carryout his ideas and to reach results.No, it was not by control of the action ofhis lieutenants that he accomplished what hedid for education in this country. It was, afterchoosing the right man, by putting into himhis own spirit of enthusiastic devotion. No manever came in contact with Dr. Harper, to workalong with him, without getting from him thattouch of fire which enabled him to perform miracles of work. It was not, then, by directingthe details of their action, but by stirring uptheir enthusiasm, by infusing into them someof his own enormous energy that he was ableUNIVERSITY RECORD 19to get the co-operation that was necessary tocarry on his work, and it was thus that heachieved his success.But, after all, we who knew him better andloved him because we knew him, we think moretoday, and I am sure we shall think morethroughout our lives, of him on the other side —the side of his life which the world at large didnot know and could not know. At first sight,he seemed to a stranger to be nothing but aman of energy, of push, rather unattractive, aman whose success was almost inexplicable. Tothose who knew him better his was a loyal,lovely, sensitive soul; a man who was deeplypained by the misunderstanding that he metthroughout his life. He-^d^theijnirjjiJjandmanners of a captain of industry, but he hadthe heart and soul of a scholar and a sage. Thatbrave heart, which throughout all the sufferingof the last years kept him true to his work, kept him courageous and brave to do whatwas in him to do; that loyal heart, which ledhim throughout all this time to devotion tothe university to which he had given his life,where he would rather have devoted the lastyears to the completion of that work of scholarship which was, after all, the chosen workof his heart; that sympathetic heart, which enabled him to say just the word that wouldsoothe sorrow or encourage weakness and weariness; that faithful heart, which made him themodel of devotion, the model of life, for everyman that knew him, and which led him to diewith those words on his lips, "God always helps."No, to the world he was a great administrator,but the side of his life which will appeal to us,the side of his life which we shall remember andlove, was the life of family affection, the lifeof the student, and the service, not to the world,but to his friends and to his neighbors.20 UNIVERSITY RECORDMEMORIAL ADDRESSES AT COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY1ADDRESSBY NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLERPresident of Columbia UniversityWe are here to mark the passing of a noblelife — a life dear to not a few of us and full ofcheer and inspiration to every human being wholoves knowledge, who hopes for achievement,and who aspires to service. It was a very longlife. Not a full hundred years of usual accomplishment could measure it. It was a very richlife. Joy, happiness and satisfactions that goldcannot buy filled it to overflowing. For himand for his service, we rejoice and give thanks;for ourselves we sorrow because we have lostsight of a friend, and the world of a man.Hidden deep down in Nature's secrets arethe rare qualities which, assembled in just theproper proportions, make men. Scholars,high-minded and serious of purpose, areTriany.Doers, active, confident, and suc^essfjl^^aremore numerous still. Men are harder; to comeupon, aM^our friend was £ man. He lovedlife and the joy of living. His world was agood and a happy world, where the better wasconstantly conquering the bad.He hated cant and those petty appearancesthat are the garment of hypocrisy. He knewthe difference between public opinion, foundedon right reason, and the clamor of the mob,schooled or unschooled, founded on prejudiceand passion. He did not mistake applause forapproval. Neither the opposition of the unconvinced, the sneer of the cynic, nor the cryof the self-seeker, could move him from hispurpose. So it was that good things were doneby him and with his leadership.He had a genius for friendship. Hooks of1 These addresses were given at a special memorialservice held at Columbia University, New York City,on Sunday, January 14, 1906. An address by President Woodrow Wilson, of Princeton University, wasalso given at this service. steel bound him to those he cared for, and hiscare-free hours were his most delightful ones.Study schooled his spirit, travel broadened it,human intercourse deepened and enriched it.All that he was and had he gave to his friendsand they returned the gift in fullest measure.From boyhood to his closing hour on earth,he served the higher life. Eager in pursuit ofknowledge, skilful in imparting it, and resourceful in applying it, he never lost sight ofthe main goal of his life. The marshaling ofhuman forces in a great university was alwayssubordinate with him to scholarly purpose. Heoften spoke of it so to those to whom he couldtrust his inmost thought.He died, they say, like a Spartan. How false !He died like a Christian whose faith is real andnot a thing of formulas alone. Brave, confident, enduring, he stood at his post of dutywhile the shadows closed around him, and asTime's sun set he turned his face to be illumined by Eternity's morning light.As the years pass, the circle of real friendsgrows narrower. Those who are left treasurealways more highly the associations that remain. They love to dwell upon the days thatare gone and to review in memory those actsand traits that were so abounding in grace andin delight.I climb the hill: from end to endOf all the landscape underneath,I find no place that does not breatheSome gracious memory of my friend.ADDRESSBY CHARLES CUTHBERT HALLPresident of the Union Theological SeminaryIn the diary of Thomas Arnold of Rugbystands an entry which was the last he ever made.It was made on the evening before his forty-seventh birthday. The next morning he diedof angina pectoris. The entry is as follows:UNIVERSITY RECORD 21How large a portion of my life on earth is alreadypassed! Still there are works which, with God'spermission, I would do before the night cometh. Butabove all let me mind my own personal work — tokeep myself pure and zealous and believing — laboring to do God's will, yet not anxious that it shouldbe done by me rather than by others, if God disapproves of my doing it.Between Thomas Arnold and William Harper there were many differences of personalquality, yet in ways there were also strong resemblances. Both realized at forty-seven thatthe end of life was near. In the case of Arnoldthe prophecy was fulfilled immediately; in thecase of Harper two years later at forty-nine.Both as ardent educators were filled with planswaiting development; both on receiving theintimation of approaching death sought inbrave self-surrender to be willing that othersshould carry into effect those cherished plans.Both, through life and in the hour of departure,sought above all else to do the will of God.I would that it might be known by all, as itis known by those who were nearest to President Harper, how profoundly all his plans werefilled with religious devotion and unselfish desire for the good of others. In the development of the University his interest was not personal aggrandizement but the creation of largeropportunity for the young men and women ofthis country. In his labor to establish the Religious Education Association, he was expressing only patriotic solicitude that the nation heloved should not surrender itself to the dominion of material ideals. In his zeal to cultivateacademic relations with India and the Far East,his ambition was that the gulf between Eastand West, if not removed, might at least bebridged for the interchanges of thought between earnest men who could trust each other.I would that all could know concerning him what some of us know, how gentle was his personal life. To see him in his home, surroundedby his children, or radiant with hospitality atthe head of his table, was to receive an impression of his personality which can never be removed from the mind upon which it has rested.I cannot conceive that his plans for the University, the country, and the oriental worldremain unfulfilled. His influence must continue,mediated and enlarged through the devotionof those who, surviving him, shall attempt toconsummate his purposes on these several lines.There come to my remembrance, suggestedby the early ending of this eager and full career,the noble words, written long ago and underother circumstances, by James Montgomery, yetdeeply applicable in the present hour —"Servant of God! well done,Rest from thy loved employ;The battle fought, the victory won,Enter Thy Master's joy."— The voice at midnight came;He started up to hear:A mortal arrow pierced his frame,He fell — but felt no fear.At midnight came the cry,"To meet thy God prepare!"He woke, and caught his Captain's eye;Then strong in faith and prayer,His spirit, with a bound,Bursts its encumbering clay:His tent, at sunrise, on the groundA darkened ruin lay.The pains of death are past,Labor and sorrow cease,And life's long warfare closed at last,His soul is found in peace.Soldier of Christ! well done;Praise be thy new employ;And while eternal ages run,Rest in thy Savior's joy.22 UNIVERSITY BEGOBDPRESIDENT HARPER1(January 10, 1906)BY ANDREW FLEMING WESTDean of the Graduate School, Princeton UniversityWith those who live from day to day,Not as they would, but as they may,And step by step hold on their way,Give me, O God, a place.Too easily we do and dareWhen help is near and life is fair,And dreams come true — O then how rareThe venture of the race!Each new day sees a new world born,Each day a life, and sloth a scorn:On to the end! the sun of mornShall never lose its light.IIO days of dark and fiery pain !The work half-done, and help in vain,Tired out the heart, tired out the brain :Now gird thee for the fight.Undying Hope in dying man !"Not all we would, but all we can; —Good cheer, good cheer"— his message ran,And we that word must keep.The work half-done? Nay, all is done.Tired Workman, rest. Thou hast begunThy work in us. O crown well won !Sleep, silent hero, sleep.With those who live from day to day,Not as they would but as they may,And step by step hold on their way,Give me, O God, a place*x Read at the special memorial service held at Columbia University on Sunday, January 14, 1906. The poem wasalso read at the memorial meeting of the student body in Leon Mandel Assembly Hall, University of Chicago, onMonday, January 15, by Professor William Gardner Hale, Head of the Department of Latin.PRESIDENT WILLIAM R. HARPERDied January 10, 1906UNIVERSITY RECORD 23MEMORIAL ADDRESS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS1BY PRESIDENT EDMUND J. JAMESWhen great and good men pass away, it isproper that in response to those deeper instincts of humanity which make for the higherlife of the race we shall turn aside from ouraccustomed vocations for a time and withbared heads and devout hearts pay our lastrespects to their memory. This not so muchon their account, for they have passed beyondbeing affected by what we say or do or think,but for our own sakes, and the sake of our fellow men, of our society, of our civilization. Thestudy of the work and life of the men whohave been intellectually and morally great hasever been one of the most fruitful sources ofnew interest in the things which make for righteousness and efficiency in human life. We giveour children the biographies of the great andgood men of the past, with the hope that theiraspirations may be awakened for the best thingsin life, and their determination quickened toreach for those higher things, to live the higherlife in every sense of that word.It is not easy for us, of course, to gaugeproperly the services or character of the menwith whom we live, and with whom we haveworked and toiled. We are almost inevitablydriven either to overestimate or to underestimate their strength and power. If they havebeen leaders in whom we have had confidenceand to whom we have looked up with respect,we may easily exaggerate their importance for*In the absence of President James, who was inattendance at the funeral of President Harper, thisaddress was read by Professor David Kinley, Deanof the College of Literature and Arts. Other addresses at the memorial service at the Universityof Illinois, which was held on Sunday, January 14,1906, were made by Professor Thomas J. Burrill,Vice-President of the University; Professor EdwinG. Dexter, and Assistant Professors James W. Garner and Edward O. Sisson. our day and generation and for the time whichis to come. If we have been in conflict withthem and struggled for other things than they ;if we have had differences of opinion, and havetried to make our own ideas effective and prosecute through to success our own plans againsttheir will, it is easy for us to underestimate,not simply their power and vigor but their goodfaith, their honesty of purpose, their moralcourage. And so of course the ultimate estimateof a man's life and character must be deferreduntil long after he has passed away. Butthat should not prevent us from expressingour opinions and ideas now as to what men aredoing and have done whom we have known,and with whom we have lived and worked,for our testimony is one of the evidences whichwill be used by the historians of the future inmaking up their judgment as to the really vitalinfluence of those iew men whose memory posterity will cherish and whose biographies posterity will read.I make no apology, therefore, in using whatsome may think exaggerated language in presenting an estimate which some men may thinkis too high ; but I know, at any rate, whereof Ispeak so far as facts are concerned; and thejudgment of different men in interpreting thesefacts will, of course, be almost as various as themen themselves.Doctor William Rainey Harper was not anative of Illinois. He has lived in this state lessthan half of the years allotted to him, and hisreally prominent activity began only sixteenyears ago. But in that time, without havingheld any public office ; without having been associated with any military glory; without having written any books which have commandedwide interest; without being distinguished asan orator; without having achieved distinction24 UNIVERSITY RECORDin politics; without having accumulated greatwealth ; without having managed any great business enterprise, as great business enterprises arecounted nowadays, he had risen, at the time ofhis death, to the position of the most distinguished citizen of the state of Illinois. No manat the bar, in business, in politics, has won forthe city of Chicago and this great commonwealth which we all so love, such universalrecognition and distinction in the last decade asDoctor Harper. There is not a village in theUnited States where his name is not known,where there is not some soul which has beentouched by one or another of the manifold influences which his unique personality set in motion, and has not been lifted to higher levelsbecause of his contact with these influences.There has not been a man in the world in thelast decade, who has been more widely knownas an educator, as a creator, as a prophet, as apoet in the old Greek sense of the term, in thisfield of education.Doctor Harper has been simply a teacherand an educational administrator. As a teacherhe had achieved national reputation before hewas elected president of the University of Chicago. He had organized one enterprise afteranother with educational aims and purposeswhich had begun to exercise a remarkable influence in the respective fields in which they wereat work. As president of the University of Chicago, he has achieved world-wide reputation asan educational organizer and educational seer.He was, in the best sense of the term, and inthe large sense of that term, an educationalstatesman; and I know no better illustration ofthe real significance and importance to any human society, of the seer and the prophet, ascompared with the man of mere routine administrative efficiency, than a comparison betweenDoctor Harper and his activity and that of theordinary successful college president. He wasnot content with building up an institution which should merely duplicate the work of anotherinstitution. He would evidently not have beencontent even with putting this institution at thevery head of the institutions of the world, in thework which they were doing at the time thisinstitution was organized. On the contrary, heaimed to strike out new paths, to blaze newtrails, to enter unexplored country and win overfor the race undiscovered wealth in these newterritories. He tried many experiments. Someof them, of course, failed, others did not succeed; but he introduced new elements into theeducational life of this western country, and Ibelieve of this nation, and ultimately of theworld, which alone would have made it worthwhile for him to have lived and toiled.He was not merely content with organizingthis institution, this university, even with thesenew outlooks for a university, but his mind wasranging over the whole field of educational lifeand history with the eternal question, Is this thebest thing to do? Is this the best way to do it?Where and how can improvements be made?He was a man, therefore, who made educationalissues and, in this respect, only President Eliot,of Harvard, can be compared with him in thewhole educational history of the United States.College faculties and university faculties in theMississippi valley have been discussing for tenyears new issues which in one form or anotherhe projected or made more vital than they hadbeen before. He was concerned with everything which touched education from the kindergarten to the university, and there was nothingtoo small and nothing too large for his intellectto grapple with and his sympathy to seize upon.Certainly all teachers and educational administrators ought to feel under a profound debtof gratitude for this life and career. I think nosingle man has done so much to raise the popular estimate of the teacher's vocation, the professor's calling, the university president's occupation, as Doctor Harper. His strong and vigor-UNIVERSITY RECORD 25ous personality struck the popular imaginationin a way to fix attention upon the things whichhe was urging upon the public, and I think it isnot too much to say that every teacher in arural district, in a public high school, in a college or a university in the United States today,enjoys a larger respect in the mind of the common man, because of the influence of DoctorHarper's work. I am confident that the pecuniary returns for teacher's work and the moneyexpended on lower as well as higher educationin the Mississippi Valley are today larger, andin the future will be still larger, because of theindirect, reflex, subtile influence of this increasing respect for the profession which such acareer as this is bound to beget. Our westernworld today is turning aside to pay their respects to this man ; and in their doing that theycannot help being influenced by the things forwhich he stood, the policies which he advocated,the ideals which he cherished and urged upontheir attention. It is hardly necessary to addthat the effect of his work has been to stimulategreatly the facilities and opportunities forhigher education in this Mississippi Valley. Itis easier for us here at Illinois today to getmoney from the legislature for the higher workwhich we ought to be carrying on. It is easierfor us to get money for necessary equipmentthan it would have been except for his activity.The establishment of the University of Chicagowith the announcement of the things for whichit was to stand, opened a new era in this Mississippi Valley. Every institution of higherlearning has profited by these altered standardsand these higher ideals.I was privileged to stand in very close relations for seven years with Doctor Harper. Asdirector of one of the chief administrative divisions of the University I came in contact withhim almost daily upon one or another questionof university policy. I had many differences ofopinion with him as to the wisdom of this or that policy; but I never discussed any subjectwithout getting a new point of view, new ideas,and even if I were not convinced, a higher respect for the intellectual power, for the moralearnestness, for the devotion to the highest andbest things, which characterized this man.A president of a great university in the UnitedStates today, must assume such a multiplicityof duties, must decide such a vast variety ofquestions, that his decisions must oftentimes be,and still more often seem to be, arbitrary andungrounded in considerations of wisdom. Hemust keep in mind so absolutely the interests ofthe institution which he represents that he mustsometimes seem to be unsympathetic and sometimes perform acts which seem inconsiderate,and even cruel. His only consolation is a feeling that he is doing his duty according to hisbest light. But he should do it with all due consideration, with all due respect to the feelingsand rights of others. Dr. Harper had such avast range of enterprises under his direct supervision and control that his decisions oftentimeshad to be made very quickly, and steps takenwhich, though in the interest of the enterprise,seemed to inflict hardship upon persons connected with it. I had occasion to witness theconflict in President Harper's mind in manyof these cases. His kind feeling for the difficulties and troubles of others, his deep sympathy with every aspiration toward higherthings, inflicted upon him the keenest pain inconnection with many steps which he was compelled by circumstances to take. And I haveknown him on many occasions to go out of hisway for years after he had been compelled toinflict a wound, in order to lessen the pain anddiscomfort of that affliction by every means inhis power. It was this feeling of sympathywhich rallied to his support the enthusiastic devotion of the men who worked with him. Inever felt, myself, even when he was doingthings which I did not like or disapproved of26 UNIVERSITY RECORDmost heartily, as he sometimes did, that he wasanimated by any other motive than the highestinterest of the enterprises committed to his care.The life of a man occupying such a position isin many respects a most lonely one. He cannothave friends in the ordinary sense of the term,that is, people whose interests he can advancein season and out of season, solely from his lovefor them, solely from his regard for their advancement. As a man grows older in suchwork, it becomes more difficult to make friendsoutside of his particular occupation, outside ofthe lines which are absorbing his attention ; lifebecomes more lonely and the path he treadsmore devoid of companionship. That Dr. Harper felt this most keenly and suffered from it inthe last years of his life, I have good reason toknow. But it only served to make him moredevoted to the interests he represented, to thecause he cherished, to the ideals he was promoting-I must not make these remarks too long, andI have only time to note one other thing in hiscareer that seems to me may be an encouragement to any and all of us; and that is that hiscareer represents the vast range of opportunityopen to every young American. Graduating insuch a small college down in Ohio that I doubtwhether* anyone of you ever heard of it exceptas the place where he graduated, withoutwealth or prominent social position or friends ofpecuniary or political influence, he stood absolutely on his own feet facing the world, when, ayoung fellow of eighteen or nineteen, havingalready taught for a short time in one of the districts of Tennessee, he went to Yale Universityfor further study. No one, however, couldcome in contact with him, of course, withoutrecognizing a man of power ; and it was naturalthat he should make an impression upon his instructors at Yale. But the only position open tohim when he came out was that of an instructorin a theological school near Chicago. But from his study room in this theological school hestarted educational enterprises which were destined to have a wide influence, and will continueto have an influence far beyond the present generation. Here he "grew in grace and in the admonition of the Lord" till his great opportunitycame; and as the opportunity widened and enlarged he measured himself up to it in the fullest possible manner. There never was a timein the development of the University of Chicago, from the first $600,000 which was promised by Mr. Rockfeller on condition that $400,-000 more be raised, up to the time When itstotal property amounted to five millions or tenor fifteen or twenty millions that Dr. Harperdid not appear distinctly and plainly as greaterthan the situation, as able to utilize wisely foreducation still more and still greater opportunities. There never was a time in which he didnot dominate, in the good sense of that term, thesituation and the whole situation, educationaland financial, by his personality.Young friends, people tell us sometimes thatthere are today no opportunities in Americanlife. In fact, the opportunities are just beginning to open up, and some of you who are sitting here today will live to see a period in whichthe achievements of the last century and thelast generation will be so completely cast intothe shade in every department of intellectualand moral effort that you will look back upon usand our predecessors as we look back upon theeighteenth and seventeenth and sixteenth centuries. Opportunities are here in infinite abundance. Closed doors over which is written theword "opportunity" may be seen about us inevery direction. They are waiting for the manwith the magic touch to knock upon them. Theyare locked, many of them, with combinationlocks, it is true, but somewhere the man willbe found who will understand their mechanismand know how to open these doors, which willthen reveal such vistas of work and achieve-UNIVERSITY RECORD 27ment as the whole past history of the race cannot afford. The question is, are you and Iready to avail ourselves of these opportunities?Are we, in the quiet of our study rooms, in thewhirl of our factories, amid the rustling tasselsof our corn fields, developing those qualities,moral as well as intellectual, which must underlie any great success? For we must not losesight of the fact, and I have not dwelt upon itbecause it was so evident that I did not thinkit worth the notice, that Dr. Harper's successafter all was not his intellectuality and not hisrare sympathy for humanity, but his moralqualities and moral nature. Not all his intellectuality and not all his sympathy could haveaccomplished any of thes.e things if they hadnot been grounded in a moral character, in amoral nature which dominated and controlledthem all.I believe that when the history of the last fiftyyears of Illinois is written a century from nowby the historian who can pick out the real forces that have determined the life of this commonwealth in the century to come, after the namesof Grant and Lincoln, no name will be enrolledhigher than that of Dr. Harper — but yesterdaythe first citizen of Chicago, and one of the foremost educators of the world.William Rainey Harper: The foremost figure of the last decade in the educational fieldeither in Europe or America; an educationalstatesman of the first order ; a man of the rarestinsight into the very inmost recesses of theforces which make for the higher life in ourcivilization; a leader of men, of broad views,wide sympathies, and uplifting influence.Every institution of higher learning in the Mississippi Valley is doing better and larger worktoday because of his efforts. If the Universityof Chicago had done nothing else in the last fifteen years than afford an opportunity for unfolding the activities of this unique personality,it would be richly worth to the world all that ithas cost in money or effort.We shall not soon look upon his like again.28 UNIVERSITY RECORDMEMORIAL ADDRESS AT DENISON UNIVERSITY1BY RICHARD STEERE COLWELLProfessor of Greek in Denison UniversityIt is twenty-seven years ago last Septemberthat I first became acquainted with PresidentHarper. He was at that time Principal of theAcademy here, and I had just begun my workin Denison. And from that time to the day ofhis death it was my privilege to be numberedamong his warm friends. I was then, as now,deeply interested in the study of the Greek ofthe New Testament, and he was much interested in the Hebrew of the Old Testament.Thus it came about that there was a basis ofcommon interest and sympathy on which a lasting friendship was built. As time went on thefriendship deepened, and I can remember agreat many conversations with him, most ofthem in regard to the word of God and futurework based upon it.As I have said, he was intensely interested inthe Hebrew language and looked forward eagerly to an opportunity to teach it. He thoughtthat the language was not properly taught. Hefelt certain that it could be so taught as to makethe study of it much more attractive and beneficial than was then the case. And although Ihad at the time learned to read it with somefacility I very willingly assisted in the formation of a class with which he proposed to trysome experiments in methods of teaching it. Ido not remember just how long I was a member of that class, but it was long enough to giveme an experimental knowledge of PresidentHarper as a teacher. It has been my good fortune to be under the instruction of a number ofeminent teachers in this country and a few inGermany, and I speak advisedly when I saythat President Harper was among the very best1 This address was given at a memorial serviceheld in Granville, Ohio, on Sunday, January 14, 1906. teachers of his time. He had an ability to teachsuch as very few men have. He had that rareability of awakening enthusiasm in his pupilsfor the studies they were pursuing — an abilitywhich no amount of mere knowledge can supply or awaken. I have known but few teacherswho could surpass him in that respect.President Harper had many of the qualitiesof a teacher which accompany this power, although they do not create it. I will allude verybriefly to three of these.In the first place, he was thoroughly informedabout the subject which he taught. It was hisdelight to delve deep in its lore. He loved it.He loved to teach it to others. It was no irksome task to him to spend hours in guiding others along the road he had traveled. I rememberasking him one day if he really understood theorigin of all the peculiar forms of the languagehe was so much interested in, the Hebrew, andhe replied that he thought he knew them all butone which he mentioned, and he believed hewould soon have cleared up all his doubtsabout that. He was always willing and eagerto spend all the time and labor necessary tomaster his subject. And I knew no man whocould work more hours than he.In the second place, he had an intense personal interest in his pupils. His interest wasnot limited to the classroom or the subjecttaught, or to the school. He was interested inall that concerned his pupil. Although workingmore hours than most men work, he was alwaysready to form new classes outside of the regular hours, to help along his students. He madeeach pupil to feel that he knew about him, thathe was his friend, ready to do everything in hispower to assist him. Of course, the inevitableresult of this was that he awakened an un-UNIVERSITY RECORD 29bounded enthusiasm in all who came under hisinstruction.In the third place, he had an immense drivingpower among his classes. He could get morework out of his students than any teacher I everknew. He made large demands upon them andmade them feel that they must meet them. Hemade them feel that they wanted to meet thesedemands. They wanted to do it more than anything else. In fact, this went so far that I haveknown his colleagues to object that he wasdrawing to his work the whole working powerof his students, so that they had little left forother studies. The students often felt that theymust get Harper's lessons before all others.The others could take what was left.I have called these three qualities or characteristics which President Harper possessed ina very high degree the frequent accompanimentsof great teaching power, because, althoughthey usually accompany it, a man may, in myjudgment, possess them all and not be a reallygreat teacher. In fact, some great teachers donot possess any of them in a high degree. Theyare important but not essential. They are valuable but not indispensable.The one thing which made President Harperthe great teacher that he was, was his attitudetoward the truth — linguistic truth, philosophical truth, biblical truth. He was eager for it. Hewanted to possess it. He was willing to workfor it and to sacrifice for it. And more thanthat, he was willing to accept it when he foundit, no matter what it was, or how it appeared. I have known men who would work for thetruth, but who were afraid of it when theyfound it. If it had any different appearancefrom the truth with which they were familiar,they were unwilling to accept it. They did notlike its unsettling effects. They could not bringthemselves to make the new adjustments whichthis new truth, or new phase of truth, demanded. They wanted things left as they were,as they had been accustomed to them. ButPresident Harper was not of this sort. Hewanted the truth, and when he found it he letthat truth have him; he let it possess him.Other things could take care of themselves. Thetruth had the right of way. Other things mustyield to it and adjust to it.In all these respects the truth to PresidentHarper was not, as it is to so many, a thing ofthe past ; something done up in a package with alabel on it to refer to. The truth to him wasnot a dead past, but a living, present realityand power; something that could be used, appropriated, adjusted, wrought into the life ofthe present. He did not despise the truth ofthe past, but he was most interested in that ofthe present. He was not afraid of it. Hewanted it, and he was willing to yield himselftc its guidance. He felt safe in following it.He did follow it with confidence. In the lastletter which I received from him, less than ayear ago, he said that he did not know whatGod had in store for him, but that he shouldfearlessly follow on, doing the work assignedto him, to the end. Surely it is a worthy example for every believer.30 UNIVERSITY RECORDMEMORIAL ADDRESS AT 'JOHN B. STETSON UNIVERSITY1BY PRESIDENT LINCOLN HULLEYStudents and Friends: Let me fix yourminds on the purpose of this meeting. It is amemorial service to Dr. William R. Harper,President of the University of Chicago. Byvirtue of our affiliation with Chicago he wasour President, too. Last week he said goodbye, passed through the gates of death, andjourneyed on to the City Eternal. He died,as he had lived, victoriously. There was nodread of the unseen in his mind, there was nohalting doubt as to what waited him on themorrow. The expectation of immortality,while grounded in reasonable convictions,rests, in the last analysis, on faith, and he hadfaith. Like Moses he walked as seeing Himwho is invisible, accepted the belief in a futurelife, and ordered his life on the principle thatit was true.This vast audience, assembled here to honorhis name, is a proof of how well known he was.Here in Florida, he has stood on this platformand looked into the faces of a DeLand audience,and spoken a message of cheer. He has donethe same in many widely separated places.The universities of this country are the symbolsof our people's highest thinking and noblestideals, and it is in the universities that this manwill be most honored by thinkers, investigators,critics, by men of intellectual power and menof action, leaders of thought, and makers ofopinion. These men will rise up all over thisland and will say that one of the most forceful,resourceful, and fruitful men of this age wasWilliam R. Harper.A mighty leader has fallen. He was a princeamong his fellow men. None ever worked withhim without acknowledging his headship.1This address was given at the memorial exercises held at John B. Stetson University, DeLand,Florida, on Sunday, January 14, 1906. They did not always agree with him, but theysaid this man can do more and do it betterthan the rest of us. They never worked withhim without saying he is a tireless worker, hetoils night and day, he is perpetually planning,daily bringing things to pass. Those who didnot agree with him would have to confess thathe had done his thinking and produced results,while they were dreaming about it and flatteringthemselves that they were right and that hisway was wrong or not so good as theirs. Andthis is no reflection on any one who ever workedwith him. It was the common experience ofall. He was a mighty man of action, great inword and deed.Energy of character was the most conspicuous trait in President Harper as I knew him.He was a dynamo full charged. He fairlythrobbed with an excess of physical energyin his best days. He drove his work continually. His will never balked at obstacles. Hisenergy of spirit attacked the day's work in amasterful way. His sturdy will kept his tiredbody at work till midnight and urged it toits tasks again in the early morning.I have seen his eyes dance with enthusiasm.He was not like other men. Other men, forthat reason, failed to understand him. I do notmean by that that he suffered much from beingmisunderstood. His admirers failed tounderstand him. I have sometimes heard themsay that he did not have poise, that he was toosanguine and allowed his feelings to run awaywith his judgment. But results proved that hedid not.Connected with his energy was his industry.He was indeed an indefatigable worker.Sitting at Dr. Harper's dinner-table once, nextto Dr. A. B. Bruce of Scotland, I heard thelatter say of Dr. Harper, "I don't believe heUNIVERSITY RECORD 31ever goes to bed. I have lived in the house withhim three months. He is always at work whenI go to bed, late or early, and he is always atwork when I arise, late or early." Once atChautauqua he told his Hebrew class in whichI studied, "You are neither to eat, drink, norsleep. You will recite three times a day, sixdays a week. Study nothing but Hebrew. Goto no side interest. Begin with the rising of thesun Monday and stop with the chimes Saturdaynight." That is the way this unusual manworked himself, and others were willing to doit for him.Dr. Harper's use of time was a thing thatimpressed me. He knew the value of oddminutes. He did not lose time doing over andover again things already done, nor idly contemplating his achievements and flatteringhimself about them. Time was too precious.Once a thing was done he dismissed it, exceptas he had to review it. On he went to newtasks. His day was carefully planned. Officehours, class hours, study hours, committeemeetings, were all set in order. Not a minutewent to waste. Odds and ends of time, incidentto executive work, were carefully utilized. Hehas told me that many a time after his day'swork at Denison Academy was over, he wouldspend the whole night in studying Hebrew.Some of us remember reciting to him at Chicago at seven in the morning, and afterwardgoing to our breakfast, he having had his at six.By nine his class work was over and the daywas given to business.Another great characteristic of Dr. Harperwas his ability to set others to work, not merelyfor his own plans but for theirs. He drewmany very able young men to his side. Heenergized them. They became enthusiasticover the possibilities of a given course as heopened it. Hundreds have felt his power inthis way. They flocked to his classes at Yale,and in the summer schools, and later at Chi cago. They have gone out over the countryand still feel his powerful personality. It wasnot magnetism so much as enthusiasm andexample that did it. He cast a spell over people.They wondered and admired. Hundreds ofmen in American pulpits, colleges, and divinityschools today owe their zeal in careful Biblestudy to President Harper. Through them hereaches hundreds of others. His boys liked towork for him. Many of them were older thanhe was, but they gladly acknowledged his zealous leadership and held up his hands.The outward facts of his life were remarkable. At the age of nineteen, after two yearsof study, he took his doctor's degree at Yaleunder the famous Dr. Whitney, his thesis being a comparative study of the prepositions inLatin, Greek, Sanskrit, and Gothic. He foundhis earlier work at Morgan Park in teachingHebrew. He began to organize summerschools for Hebrew and the Bible, and soonhad five scattered over the United States. Hewrote books, started magazines, taught evening classes. He became a professor at Yale,and there his fame grew. He was a wonderfulteacher, with a capacity for interesting peoplethat was unequaled.Dr. Harper lived with a great moral purpose. His dispositions of will were right. Heallied himself with good men for good works.He daily threw his powerful influence on theside of great ideals. He was clean in his heartand in his speech. He worked for good causesall the time. His nature concealed nothing.He was true to his convictions. He had faithin God and in his fellow men. He wrought forlasting ends, never sparing himself. There wasnothing perverse about him, nothing cynical orcensorious. He tried to be all that he believedin. He was cheerful, even jolly. He was kindto every member of his classes, even to thosewho might irritate him. All the while heworked he felt guided by Divine Providence.32 UNIVERSITY RECORDThis was no abstraction to him. He had theHebrew idea of God as a living person. Hebelieved so well in God that he put himself inharmony with Him. His purpose was to fulfilthe will of God in his own life.President Harper has had many critics because of his alleged views of the Bible. Heknew the text of the Bible better than any oneI have ever known. He was at home in theHebrew text of the Old Testament, and was awonder to his classes in syntax as he thumbedits pages to prove a rule of grammar. Hisphilological and grammatical mastery of Hebrew impressed some even more than his historical or theological construction did. Butthat was likely because of his method, whichwas Socratic. I have known students to rail atDr. Harper for things he did not teach orbelieve. They imputed ideas to him that hebrought out in the classroom without necessarily endorsing. He presented both sides ofevery question, and however radical his viewson questions of textual or historical criticism,he always held them honestly, and just as honestly believed in the essentials of salvationtaught by the Bible. His make-up was notthat of an exhorter but of the student andscholar.It was the Bible that made him. He lovedit above every book in the world. He knewit better than any other book and better thanany one else that I know. He constantlystudied it and taught it. It stands to reasonthat any one who will put more time on itthan others, is likely to get a different, perhapsa better, understanding of it. He was neverits hostile critic. He opened his classes withprayer. He never joked about the Bible, always speaking reverently about it. Nothinginterested him so much as questions about theBible. He devoted himself to Hebrew andSemitic, to archeology, to excavation and discovery, to providing books, magazines, a mu seum, chairs, and funds that would shed morelight on the Bible, and to organizing all agencies that teach it ; but he was deeply interested,too, in what others were doing to rouse peopleto a sense of their spiritual needs and the satisfaction the Bible would give them.The University of Chicago was his greatestwork. He more than once thought of his firstloves and expressed the opinion that he wouldrather be known by his books than by otherthings. But the University of Chicago is hismonument. As he organized Hebrew grammar, so he did schools and departments. Hiswork at the University meant the gathering ofresources, the directing of energies, and thestarting of influences that will continue forhundreds of years.Everyone said he would die in middle life,and he did. Our mortal part will not standsuch a pace. Apart from his native energy,which urged him on, doubtless his philosophyof life was that he should spend it to best advantage. And this he did. In his brief termhe lived a thousand years, as other men countlife. He proved that "we live in deeds, notyears, in thoughts, not breaths, in heart throbs,not in figures on a dial." He gathered himselftogether with all care and threw himself intohis work with unstinted enthusiasm. Somepeople ask, did it pay? That depends on whatone is living for. Others have said, speakingof his salary, that he was well paid. Dr.Harper never thought of that. It didn't pay,if money is the standard of value. Men ofDr. Harper's class never ask that question.He did not. He was doing a life work. Hewas called to do it. He gave himself to thedoing of it, and he found life. The paradox oflife, as he knew it, is that one must give tohave, spend in order to increase, die in orderto live. He gave his life in service. He tookthe risks of death as all good soldiers do, andhe met it unafraid.UNIVERSITY RECORD 33He was great in his life and great in hisdeath. Knowing that the shadow was on him,he never flinched. He did not even murmur.He dared even greater things. Forgetting thethings that were behind at the very momentwhen one might expect reminiscence, hepressed on to the things that were before:To feel the fog in my throat,The mist in my face,When the snows begin, and the blasts denoteI am nearing the place,The power of the night, the press of the storm,The post of the foe. There was for him "one fight more, the bestand the last." So he girded himself, and foughtthe fight, and conquered. He grounded hislife in the Bible — in its ethics, religion, psychology, practical wisdom and examples. He livedmuch with Moses, David, Isaiah, Amos, Job,Paul, and Jesus the Christ. He caught theirinspiration. He lived for their ideals. For hisunusual methods he was condemned sometimesas they were. But they were in his blood, andhe died with the fortitude and moral grandeurof the heroes of old.34 UNIVERSITY RECORDADDRESSES AT THE MEMORIAL MEETING OF THE STUDENT BODY1ADDRESSBY HARRY PRATT JUDSONDean of the Faculties of Arts, Literature, and ScienceOne of the most striking facts which havecome to me in my relations to Dr. Harperis the very warm personal affection entertained for him by a great number and a greatvariety of men. They are men who apparentlyoftentimes have not had very much in commonone with another, and yet all have this commonattachment which has bound them closely tothe President and which in turn bound him tothem. This kind of affection between men is amatter common in your experience and in mine.We know that ties formed among college students in their life together are exceedingly closeand long continued, in fact, becoming some ofthe most permanent and tender among the relations of life. Such affection, binding men together, peculiar in its character, is strong beyond any possibility of description. It is thiswith which we are familiar and which we recognize as a common and very interesting fact inlife. The unique thing with our President was,as I have said, that this affection existed between him and so many men living under somany different conditions and with so manydifferent sets of ideals.In seeking for the causes of this very unusual fact I have been inclined to find them intwo things which were very highly developedand very conspicuous in the character of Dr.Harper. The first of these was his wide rangeof sympathy with all sorts and conditions ofmen. He understood men in all relations oflife and sympathized keenly with them in theirideals and in their ambitions. He understoodthe scholar and investigator. He understoodthe active man of affairs. He understood the1 These addresses were given in the Leon Man-del Assembly Hall on Monday, January 15, 1906. young man — the student. He understood menin public life. He understood the warm feelingof national patriotism. He understood the active organized life of the young man. He wasin keen sympathy with college spirit. He wasvery much interested in public education. Infact, there was hardly a form of modern activity, wholesome in its character, with which hewas not in touch and in close sympathetic relations. This great catholicity of sympathy, accompanied as it was by a tender affectionatedisposition, I think is one thing that greatly endeared him to so many men in so many lines ofmodern activity.Another side of Dr. Harper's characterwhich was very obvious to all who knew himclosely, was his firm faith in the future and inwhat could be done with it. Many and manya time I have gone into his presence with someproblem, feeling doubtful and perhaps discouraged, but five minutes with his great enthusiasm and warm faith sufficed to convertthe entire attitude of mind to one sympatheticwith his. This we call magnetism. Thefoundation lies in enthusiasm, in confidence,and in this abounding energy of his which converted every plan in his mind at once into aplan accomplished. This enthusiasm of hiswas contagious, and his faith in the future andin human possibilities became converted inevery man's mind into a similar faith and similar enthusiasm which made many things possible which otherwise would have been entirelyimpossible.We are discussing at this time the advisability of placing in the quadrangles some statelybuilding which shall stand for all time as a memorial for our lost President. That such planwill be carried out I confidently believe; andyet, after all, the best memorial of Dr. Harperwhich can ever exist is the University which heUNIVERSITY RECORD 35founded. We must remember, too, that theUniversity is not its lands, its buildings, its endowments alone. The University is the entirebody of men and women, faculty and students,who compose the University community, whoare here for the common purpose of attainmentin a high intellectual life, with the common purpose of adding to knowledge by research. Ifwe, then, wish to do our best to keep green thememory of the intellectual founder of the University, shall we not all of us, Faculty and students alike, unite in doing the best that withinus lies to make the University all that Dr. Harper ever dreamed ? To that end above all thingswe need to remember that we can do nothingwithout unity. Let us stand by one another;let us act as members of a common body, and letus never forget that we are members, aboveall, of the University of Chicago. And this implies, in the second place, a loyalty on the partof each one of us which will make him cheerfully ready to give of his time, of his efforts, ofwhatever is needed to make the institution whatit should be. It is by the sacrifice of time andthought and work that great things are accomplished in the world. The University can bemaintained and extended; its life can be keptstrong and vigorous and glowing through theyears that are to come only by all of us puttingin together our best efforts, our knowledgeour life, to that end.ADDRESS ON BEHALF OF THE DIVINITY SCHOOLBY BRI BAKER HULBERTDean of the Diuinity SchoolNot many of the students whom I addressthis morning, and not all of the teaching staff,are familiar with the circumstances under whichthis University began its career, and underwhich the President consented to assume theheadship. Those who are familiar with thisearly history, into the details of which I neednot here enter, can well understand the grounds of our loyalty to the University in general, andto our departed leader in particular. Beforethe doors of the institution were opened wewere pledged in advance to the support of themain outlines of the policy which has sincebeen carried out. We have never had occasionto regret these initial steps, and subsequentevents have abundantly confirmed the wisdomof our decision.Besides the general compact into which weentered with the President at the beginning andon the basis of which he accepted the responsibilities of leadership, there are peculiar circumstances in our situation as a school of theology which bind us in loyalty to the largerscheme of education which is here represented,and to him whose fertile brain conceived andcreated it. Our position is such, chiefly byvirtue of our connection with the University,that we enjoy a liberty both as regards the formand the substance of the clerical disciplinewhich is enjoyed by scarcely any other seminaryin the land. Encouraged by the President wehave striven to make wise use of this liberty.In our sphere we have addressed ourselves tothe solution of many delicate and, as we believe, vitally important problems which confrontthe modern religious world. Some of theseproblems we think we have solved to the satisfaction of the more intelligent members of thevarious Christian communions; others are yetin process of solution.It is our conviction that incalculable benefitwill accrue to the Christian world by the studyof theological science in the reverent, truth-loving spirit, and by the accurate and painstaking method that obtains in other divisions of theUniversity. It is by virtue of our organicrelations with these other colleges and schoolsand of our participation in the scholarly, scientific, and progressive spirit of our lamentedPresident that it is made possible to us to contribute somewhat to the correcting and clarify-36 UNIVERSITY RECORDing of current religious conceptions. In timeto come, as in time past, we shall evince ourloyalty to the established traditions of this schoolof learning by pursuing steadily and intelligently the path marked out for us by the one towardwhom our thoughts are turned today, whosememory we shall always cherish and whoseinspiring example we shall strive to follow.ADDRESS ON BEHALF OF THE LAW SCHOOLBY CHARLES ANDREWS HUSTONOf the Department of EnglishOf the great projects of President Harperthe Law School is among the latest realized.But from its opening day it has felt itself, andI think has been felt, to be an integral part ofour University. We did not need this community of sorrow to bring us all into fellowship.We have from the very first been knit intoa common life. That this has been so, thatthis feeling of ultimate participation has beenours, is due in large part to the far-sighted policy of our dead leader. In his great decennial report, in speaking of the Law School, then aboutto be founded, he laid down three principles asfundamental in its building. The very first ofthese was that it should form "an organic partof the University, making contributions to theUniversity life and at the same time imbibingthe spirit and purpose of that life." The historyof the last four years has proved these wordsprophetic.But even more than to this wise planningour participation in the spirit of the Universityhas been due to the influence of the President'spersonality, penetrating this as every relationof the University life. Many of us now in theLaw School had in our college days learned toknow and honor President Harper. All of us,wherever our undergraduate years were spent,have come to recognize in his life the embodiment of an ideal which seems peculiarly appropriate for men who will practice the profession of law. Like the President's, our lives mustlargely be spent in tasks executive, tasks whichcall for the exercise of those abilities which heso conspicuously displayed as head of our greatinstitution. His versatility, his inventiveness,his ability in referring daily varying problemsto underlying principles, the promptness of hisdecision, the inerrancy of his judgment — howreadily and keenly we covet these qualities forour tasks. But we will do well to rememberthat basal to the President's executive abilitieswas that profound scholarship which was tohim a source not only of solace but of strengthin the thickest press of the most practical affairs.Even more must we remember that that scholarship and that executive ability were ennobledby generous and unselfish devotion of them tothe public good.Not the success granted to the President'sabilities, splendid as that success was, but thecause to which those abilities were consecrated —this it is that gives meaning and grandeur to thePresident's career. If we, to the measure of ourpowers, devote ourselves as unselfishly as heto public service; if as lawyers we conceiveourselves as ministers of justice, as he loved tothink of himself as a priest of education, ourwork will be a tribute, of the kind he wouldmost prize, to the University to which we oweso much — the University which he loved sodearly, and which owes so much to him.ADDRESS ON BEHALF OF THE ALUMNI AND GRADUATESCHOOLSBY ARTHUR EUGENE BESTOROf the Glass of 1901General Secretary of the Alumni AssociationThe University of Chicago is to all of us today a sad and lonesome place. To think of ourAlma Mater without our President is almostimpossible. These floral offerings, these flagsat half-mast in our city, these memorial servicesall over the land, these tributes from men athome and abroad, all testify to the fact that oneUNIVERSITY RECORD 37who was to us an elder brother and a helpful friend was to the world at large a man ofinfluence and mighty power.It is not for me to speak of our President asa scholar, an educator, an executive, or as areligious leader. To me is given a humbler andyet a more congenial task. I come this morningto speak briefly of President Harper from thestandpoint of those who have shared the inspiration of his life through this great institution. It matters not whether we knew him intimately or not. No man or woman who hasentered the halls of the University during thesefifteen years but has felt in some way the touchof his life. How deeply he was interested inall our student activities, how concerned he wasfor all who have gone out from among us, onlyhis absence will reveal. For some of us hisfriendship was one of the choicest privilegesof our college days, and to us his death comesas a bitter, a personal loss. On behalf of allthe alumni and the older members of this student body I come to lay a tribute on the bier ofour departed leader.There has been a tendency on the part ofsome to speak of our institution as "The University," to describe it as a material thing.Many have told of the extent of its campus, theamount of its endowment, the number of itsstudents. With the loss of the President, whatthis University is and what it stands for hasbeen revealed as it could have been revealed inno other way. We have begun to see how trulythis was "His University ;"and what a monument it is — not these buildings of brick andstone, not this wide-spreading campus, but thisinstitution, a vital force in America's future, alife-giving power for the centuries.I bring to you this morning a higher conception than, either of these, a conception whichI believe our President would wish to have emphasized by anyone who presumed to speak forthe alumni at a gathering like this. This is "The University," it is "His University,"but in a truer and deeper sense it is "OurUniversity"— his and ours. The highestprivilege that has been granted us in thisdecade and a half has been the opportunityof being co-laborers with him in building upthis institution of learning. m The Trustees havehad a part, the Faculty have had a part, and wehave had a part in molding this life. We haveshared in his work, his achievements, his ambitions, his friendship.Our thoughts are, therefore, toward the future, not the past. He would have it so.In these last days he has thought not ofwhat has been accomplished but what willbe brought about in the years to come.As he lay dying on our beautiful Midway andlooked out over the beginnings — for they areonly the beginnings of this institution — he pictured the University a hundred years, hence.And then he closed his eyes in the firm beliefthat others would carry on the work he had begun. He has gone ; the work remains. He haslaid the foundation ; ours is the task of buildingthereon.The Faculty and the Trustees will continuehis policy in the administration of this institution. Upon the alumni and students of the University is laid as high and holy a task. It isfor us to exemplify in the world of businessand law and politics and education and religion those qualities of character which made ourPresident what he was. If we can do ourwork with that open-mindedness which was everready to accept truth from whatever source itcame, with that optimism which made him believe in the future of the University and in thefuture of every man and woman who has received her training, and with that sublime courage which made him live patiently and heroically a year after the death warrant had beenread to him — then shall we pay in some slight38 UNIVERSITY RECORDway the debt we owe to this our dear AlmaMater — his University and ours.Our friend, our President has left us a nobleheritage. Life with its many problems is uponus. He still lives in our lives, our ideals, andour ambitions. Of such a life Longfellow haswritten :Death takes us by surpriseAnd stays our hurrying feet;The great design unfinished lies,Our lives are incomplete.But in the dark unknownPerfect their circles seem,Even as a bridge's arch of stoneIs rounded in the stream.Alike are life and death,When life in death survives,And the uninterrupted breathInspires a thousand lives.Were a star quenched on high,For ages would its light,Still traveling downward from the sky,Shine on our mortal sight.So when a great man dies,For years beyond our ken,The light he leaves behind him liesUpon the paths of men.ADDRESS ON BEHALF OF THE SENIOR COLLEGESBY GEORGE RAYMOND SCHAEFFERThe President of our University has passedfrom among us. The last rites have been celebrated, and as we are about to take up ourwork again as members of the University whichhe projected, created, fostered, and administered, and to which, it may be truly said, hegave his life blood, we are gathered here to payhim tribute. The spirit of this occasion wouldmake it more accurate, no doubt, to say that weare gathered to pledge him tribute, rather thanto pay it. The more we ponder on the lifeof our dead benefactor the more vividly we re alize that anything approaching an adequatetribute from us must consist of deeds, not ofwords; of a discharge of duty in the acts ofyears, and not of mere expressions of sentiment. It has been fitting during the past daysof sorrow to indicate, by reverent words, theboundless love and deep admiration we had forhim, but it is more highly fitting now to resolvethat we will lay firm hold upon the wonderful,yet surprisingly simple, lessons of his life. Itwill not be sufficient merely to acknowledgethese lessons, and this day will be of little import unless it marks a determination to heedthem and to apply them to our conduct henceforth.To the students of the University of Chicagothe life of President Harper ought to prove amost powerful influence in leading us to betterand higher things, and an inspiration for attainment such as we have never known in ourlives up to this time. He has clearly enunciatedhis principles, and has abundantly applied andinterpreted them in his acts. His virtues werethe simple ones, the ones most worthy of emulation. His precepts are concrete, and meet oneanother in the appealing completeness and perfect harmony of his ihought.In his almost immeasurable ambition to advance the best interests of his fellow man, President Harper conceived and brought into existence the institution of which we are an organicpart. In the direction of its affairs he wasguided by his lofty ideals. To the accomplishment of its ends he marvelously devoted hisprodigious energies. He would have it themost potent organism for the advancement ofcivilization that mankind has known. He wouldhave it not merely an institution of learning, buthe would have it a maker of men. And whenhe closed his eyes for the last time he was happy,for he felt assured that his plans would reachtheir consummation.If, therefore, we would render to our Presi-UNIVERSITY RECORD 39dent a tribute at all consistent with what he hasdone and desired to do for us, we will at leastgive our reasonable service toward making theUniversity what he wished it to be. We willcontribute our best effort toward establishingunity and harmony in our university life. Tothe work that we have in hand we will give thebest that is within us. We will pledge to ourUniversity our unswerving and undying allegiance and loyal support, and in so doing weshall pledge our highest tribute to the University's creator.ADDRESS ON BEHALF OF THE JUNIOR COLLEGESBY JOHN FRYER MOULDSIt was not within the plans of Providencethat the present members of the Junior Collegesshould have the privilege of coming into thatintimate association with President Harperwhich the members of the Faculty and the olderstudents have enjoyed. Pain and disease havekept him from us. Yet to have been a memberof this institution during his administration isa privilege which all of us shall cherish allour lives. Even though during the past yearand a half he could not be present at many ofour meetings, we have continually felt the influence of his wonderful personality — his energy, his broad-mindedness, and his spirituality.We owe him a great debt. We cannot repayit all, but what we can we must. His work,great as it is, was but the beginning of thework he set out to do. Now he is gone from us.His years of active service have ended. Butcannot we aid in carrying out his plans? Thatis the question, fellow students, which you andI must answer. He has sacrificed his life togive to the world this University. Then uponus, his beneficiaries, rests part of the responsibility of fulfilling his hopes. The work whichtime made him leave undone we must aid infinishing. We have come here from all partsof the world. It is our duty to extend each to our own locality those truths which we havelearned here, and thus spread abroad the spiritof this University. Externally the institutionis judged largely by ourselves, its product, andunless we endeavor truly to reach those standards which our President himself has set, weare not loyal to the University.We are here for a purpose — to gain materialknowledge, to learn more of the world and itspeople, and if we are truly loyal we will makethoroughness the keynote of all these endeavors.Let us keep continually in our minds that principle of our President, "Honor above all things,"whether in the classroom, on the athletic field,or in our relations with one another. Thesethings we can do in honor of our beloved President. Let us, then, honor him not only intributes of bronze and marble, but also in deedsthat will bring good and honor to his— our —University. For he labored not that this shouldbe a monument of mere buildings, but that thereshould result a monument of flesh and blood —true men and true women.If we would honor his name, let us honor thename of the University for which it is a synonym. If we would be loyal to him, let us beloyal to the University for which he gave hislife. This is the tribute he would have us pay.And, above all, let us not forget that all thatwas vital in his wonderful character still lives,and will continue to be a source of inspirationto every seeker after truth and wisdom. President Harper's hope was that he might inspirehis students to do the good, the noble, and thebest that is in them, and to the attainment ofthis desire we pledge our thoughts, our hearts,and our lives.ADDRESS ON BEHALF OF THE WOMEN OF THEUNIVERSITYBY EDITH BALDWIN TERRYOur President is gone; our first and surelyour greatest— for who, following in the paths40 UNIVERSITY RECORDthat he has prepared, can ever surpass him? —has come among us, has fulfilled his mission,and has departed again from whence he came.Our University and our country are poorer,but heaven is infinitely richer! We are metthis morning in this beautiful hall of his building to give some expression to the love andsorrow pent up in the heart of every one of us.And how can we do this ? How can we showour sense of the privilege granted us in thatwe have known him? Years hence, men shallset foot upon this campus and shall still feelthe touch of a mighty personality, the presenceof a great character. But they can never knowhim as we have known him. Around us standsthe "City Gray" which he gave his life in building. What more splendid monument couldstand for the life of any man !Yet greater, even, more far-reaching and en during, is the monument of love reared in theheart of every one of his students. These graywalls may crumble and decay and the wholeUniversity be changed, but the stamp of hislife upon ours can never fade. And we canmake this ever brighter by dedicating our livesto those same noble principles and ideals thatguided his.Lives of great men are the inheritance ofa nation. What a priceless inheritance is giventhis University in the life of our President.And it is for us to guard his memory, and tohand down that inheritance, so that coming generations can say with us :Thou'rt gone, the abyss of heavenHath swallowed up thy form; yet on our very heartDeeply hath sunk the lesson thou hast givenAnd shall not soon depart.UNIVERSITY RECORD 41MEMORIAL EXERCISES OFA LETTER FROM PRESIDENT HARPER TO THE SECRETARY OF THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF THEOLD UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGONew Haven, Conn., February 16, 1891.Mr. E. A. Buzzell, Chicago, IIIMy dear Sir: Your kind invitation to bepresent at the banquet and reunion of theAlumni Association of the University of Chicago has been received. It is a source of sincereregret that previous engagements forbid myacceptance of the same. I should have deemedit a most fortunate circumstance if I couldhave joined you on this occasion.My personal relations with so many of. thealumni of the old institution make me feelsometimes as if I were one of them, and Isuppose that my interest in the new Universityof Chicago draws me all the more closely to thealumni of the old University. I wish I coulddescribe the extreme satisfaction it gave meas a member of the Board of Trustees, to votefor the resolutions which are to be read to youat this meeting, adopting all graduates of theold University as alumni of the new, and renewing the degrees conferred upon them. Thisaction of the new Board shows, I am confident,its hearty interest in the past and all that wasconnected with that past. We trust that thefeeling of interest may be reciprocated and thatyou will pledge your loyalty to the new institution as your alma mater.No harm will be done, I am sure, in sayingto you that my formal acceptance of the presi-xHeld in the Leon Mandel Assembly Hall onSunday, January 28, 1906. Mr. William Otis Wilson, Ph.B., of the class of 1897, presided. JudgeFrederick A. Smith, of the class of 1866, made theopening address. The letter from President Harperto Mr. Edgar A. Buzzell, A. B., of the class of 1886,secretary of the Alumni Association of the old University of Chicago, was read by Mr. Arthur EugeneBestor, A. B., of the class of 1901, general secretaryof the Alumni Association of the University. THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION1dency of the University of Chicago is in thehands of the Secretary of the Board of Trustees, and that my face is turned toward Chicago.It has been a long struggle with me to decidethis question, but it is at last decided and Ibelieve decided rightly. May I not hope thatthe alumni of the old institution, one and all,will join hands with me in the effort to buildin Chicago a university of which not onlyChicago but America shall be proud? Thehistory of the old University in spite of itsmisfortunes is to me evidence that such a thingis possible. The new interest aroused in thework, within the city and abroad, convincesme beyond a doubt that if harmony prevails andGod assists, the result within ten years willsurpass all our expectations. Again I say,shall we not join hands, the old and the new,and, forgetting that there has been a break offive years, push forward with all possible zeal.Hoping that in due time I may become personally acquainted with every alumnus of theold University, I remainYours very sincerely,(Signed) William R. Harper.N.B. — At such a time who can forget ourold friend, Professor Olson. Oh, that he werehere to see what is being done and to take partin the new work.THE PRESIDENT AND THE STUDENTS OF THEUNIVERSITYBY WILLIAM SCOTT BOND, PH.B.Of the Glass of 1897Ours is the loss of a great family. OurPresident, the head of our family, has beentaken, and we are gathered to honor his memory. Our bereavement is a great personalsorrow as well as a realization of the loss ofour University, our city, and our nation.It is this personal sorrow of which I wish tospeak especially. Knowing that each of us42 UNIVERSITY RECORDzealously guards a vivid memory of ourPresident's personality, knowing how many ofus have experienced his personal interest andhave felt his kindly influence, I feel that it isespecially fitting in our gathering today toexpress to one another our appreciation of apersonal love and to realize mutually that wehave lost one who took a deep personal interestin all of us.In the purpose of recalling such a personalityI may well hesitate to find words which willbe in entire sympathy with your memories. Itis just this personal relationship with ourPresident which is our most precious memoryand which is most difficult to describe. Weall have experienced his interest and kindness,especially, perhaps, those of us who were herein the first years of the University. As theyears passed the demands upon the President'senergy and time became more and more insistent, but we were constantly made aware ofhis unfailing solicitude both for the studentsand the alumni.We are blessed with the memory of a kindly,courteous gentleman, overburdened with caresand duties, who still always found time for aninterest in each of the students of the University and an effort to come into personal contactwith them.We all know how cordial a welcome wasassured us when we went to him, whether inthe service of the University or for our personalneeds. We know what a ready response metour advances. We remember how quick hewas to see an injustice, and to find a remedy;how any unfairness aroused his instant indignation.We recall the weekly meetings with thegraduating class, the President's earnest talk,the confidence shown in explaining the plansand policy of the University, and the kindquestions and suggestions as to what shouldfollow the University life. It is difficult to realize that the head of a great university tookso much pains to become our friend and adviser.As we responded then, so we grieve now.And it was in those well remembered momentswhen the relationship of president to studenthad faded into that of friend and counselor,that we could best understand his indomitablecourage, his kindly nature, and the ability tomake us all feel his enthusiasm as an irresistibleforce.While we as alumni may recognize, withothers, our President's greatness as a scholar,as a teacher, as an organizer, and as a greatnational force, and feel an inexpressible prideand thankfulness in the magnitude of his accomplishment, we cannot fail to express ourlove for the man himself and to acknowledgeour privilege in having been permitted to livein the atmosphere of his faith and enthusiasm.We yield to no one in pride in his career;we know what wonderful plans have beencarried to accomplishment; we realize as fullyas may be the loss which has come to our University and the cause of education; but in thismeeting today we especially mourn the loss ofour teacher and friend.It is my wish to express as earnestly as Imay, for you all and for myself, our reverencefor our President's memory and our sense ofpersonal bereavement.DR. HARPER IN THE EARLY DAYS OF THE UNIVERSITYJAMES PRIMROSE WHYTE, A.M.Of the Class of 1896If Dr. Harper did not offer, each morning,the prayer of Stevenson, he lived it throughoutevery day. "Give us to go blithely about ourbusiness. Help us to play the man. Help usto perform the petty round of irritating concerns and duties with laughter and kindfaces." In the early days of the University,Dr. Harper was everywhere and to everyone aninspiration. If he worried, he never showed hisUNIVERSITY RECORD 43worry to his students. When the clouds hungclose to the earth and despondency came toevery heart, he with his kindly, beaming facethrew sunshine into our lives and gave usstrength to go on with our work. He wasOne who never turned his back, but marched breastforward ;Never doubted clouds would break;Never dreamed, though right were worsted, wrongwould triumph;Held we fall to rise; are baffled to fight better,Sleep to wake.That courage helped us to hold up ourheads and go forward, to lift every obstaclefrom the road and to smile as we went aboutour work.Dr. Harper was zealous in helping his students to lay well the foundations for thetraditions of the University. His attendanceat the volunteer activities of the men was constant and cheering. He was a good listener.The interest that his intense attention revealedwas an inspiration to a speaker and it broughtout the best that there was in the man. Wherehe found the time to attend our meetings, wecould not imagine. He was there and all there,not indifferent or listless but the most eager tocatch every word and to appreciate everypoint.He had a serious concern for the fair fameof the University. A certain man, more notorious than famous, was asked to preside at oneof our intercollegiate debates. When ourPresident heard of it, he called in the executivecommittee of the Oratorical Association and inhis quiet, kindly, tactful way advised us tochange our plans, giving as his reason that noman honored the University by appearing inany of its activities, but that the Universityhonored him; and therefore, he knew, if welooked at the question in his light, that arrangements could be made to cancel theengagement. Of course, he was right. The men thought that some cheap advertisingcould be given the University by having ournotorious chairman talked about, but Dr. Harper's timely and wise counsel kept us frommaking the serious blunder. He kept his handon the helm and steered his students clear ofmany a reef.In the early days, we saw more of ourPresident and had the rich privilege of attending his classes. He stamped every studentwho listened to him with the deep convictionthat here was a man who lived what he taught.His eyes were not fixed close to a manuscript,but full upon his class. As he unfolded theinterpretation of the prophecies in the OldTestament concerning the Christ, his eyesflashed full with light and his voice trembledwith intense conviction. What an impressionthe evolution of the prophetic idea made uponus! From the germ thought that the seed ofthe woman should bruise the serpent's headto the "man of sorrows acquainted with grief,"we were led into a revelation of a stronger,more wonderful Christ. Perhaps when ourbeloved President, in his last days lay waitingfor the personal, perfect appearance of theSon of God, he, with Tennyson, couldmurmur :Sunset and evening star,And one clear call for me!And may there be no moaning of the bar,When I put out to sea.But such a tide as moving seems asleep,Too full for sound and foam,When that which drew from out the boundless deepTurns again home.Twilight and evening bell,And after that the dark!And may there be no sadness of farewell,When I embark;For tho' from out our bourne of Time and PlaceThe flood may bear me far,I hope to see my Pilot face to faceWhen I have crost the bar.44 UNIVERSITY RECORDHe knew the Christ foretold in the OldTestament; he walked with Him in fancythrough the streets of Jerusalem and along theroads of Judea and sat with Him by Galilee;he knew him by personal experience and confided to Him his plans and hopes. But now hehas a clearer vision, for, "when He shall appear,we shall be like Him, for we shall see Him asHe is."Mr. Bond has already spoken to you of theweekly meetings between the President and hisSenior class. Weary at the week's end, hemet us and told of his experiences in buildingup the University. The little secrets of thebusiness that sapped his vitality, the trials thathe had with men, his reverses and his victories— he told us all ; and being taken into the confidence of the master builder we realized thatwe were part and parcel of the University thatwas soon to be our alma mater, and that ourallegiance to her because of these conferenceswould be stronger and fuller.Fellow alumni: our revered President hasleft us a rich legacy. He gave us, not theseacres, not these buildings, not instruction, notculture, but himself. He is the Little Father ofour Higher Life. And to thee, Alma Mater,we shall owe a more loyal devotion because ofhis passing into thy trees, and walls, becauseof his entering into the web and the woof ofthy life. You may bury his body here in thecentre of the campus "where the sound of thosehe wrought for, and the feet of those he foughtfor echo round his bones forevermore," but hislife comes into full power in the hearts and livesof the men and women whom he fed and led.We, his children of the outer circle, offer ourheartfelt devotion and sympathy to his family,the inner circle of his life; and with them welook up and pray:We have but faith: we cannot know;For knowledge is of things we see;And yet we trust it comes from thee,A beam in darkness : let it grow. DR. HARPER: HIS LIFE A MESSAGE TO USBY MAUDE TORRENCE CLENDENINQ. PH.B.Of the Class of 1904We are gathered here today in the sunsetglory of a master life. In the sacred hush thatcovers all, we pause to see not alone the gloriesof the sunset, but the brightness of the noontimeof his life. Let us recall the elements in his lifeto which we now pay tribute.Scholarship, in the philosopher's role, hasclaimed him for its guild, and laid its laurel onhis bier. As a scholar, Dr. Harper held an undisputed place, and we cannot but be thrilledwith admiration for his soldierly devotion to thisline of his work, even in his last hard days.Theology has claimed him as a member ofits cult, and brought its offering. As a preacher,Dr. Harper was a world-wide champion oftruth and right. He was one of those men whotaught and lived the same high principles of life.When we think of the life he lived and of theinfluence it must have exerted, we are remindedof the words of Lowell :Be noble! And the nobleness that liesIn others, sleeping, but never dead,Will rise in majesty to meet thine own.Education has numbered him among itsbrotherhood, and has paid its tribute. In thisrealm, Dr. Harper was one of the world's pathfinders. This great university stands as a monument to the fact that he was ever inspired by theruling idea that the broadest education alonecan give the greatest potency to a man's possibilities.Organization has recognized him as a master,and has paid its highest respects. The uniqueplace which Dr. Harper will always hold in thememory of this people will, perhaps, be duemore than to anything else to his wonderful giftof achievement. To him was given the opportunity to accomplish great results, but opportunity alone could have accomplished but littlehad it not been joined with the greatest efficiency. The immensity of his plans continuallyUNIVERSITY RECORD 45amazed us all. He was a man with a new horizon every week.But today we do not bring tribute to Dr. Harper as a scholar, nor as a theologian, nor as aprofessor, nor as an organizer. We come topay our tribute to him as a man and a friend.One of the things which we all remember sowell about Dr. Harper was his graciousness ofmanner, and the cordiality and the personal element in his handshake. Helen Kellar, in herStory of My Life, says: "The touch of onehand may seem an impertinence, while that ofanother is like a benediction. I have met peopleso empty of joy that, when I clasped their frostyfinger tips, it seemed as if I were shaking handswith a northeast storm. Others there are whosefingers have sunbeams in them; their graspwarms my heart."The one element in his character which firstof all impressed everyone who knew Dr. Harper, everyone who met him, everyone who heardhim speak, was his absolute sincerity ; for it wasnot a surface sincerity, but the very essence ofhis nature, the soil out of which grew his simplicity, his earnestness, and his consecration.When we realize that there has passed outfrom among us a life so good, so strong, sotrue, our consolation must come in the beliefin the immortality of influence. Let me quotethe words of another: "The law of the conservation of energy is found in the spiritual aswell as in the material universe. No trueminstrel ever swept the strings of poesy invain. The harpist and the harp may perish,but the song once sung pulsates forever. Notrue artist ever dies. The marble may crumble,the pillar may totter, the dome collapse, and thelight fade from the canvas; but the ideas thusconceived and imaged in color, or imprisonedin marble, entering the world's heart, become alive force, which shall operate even when thisold planet reels in her orbit."The nation today puts another headstone on the burying ground of fame; the Universitymourns the loss of the man who had so large apart in its creation ; we, all of us, grieve over thedeath of a friend, but, through it all, eternitydraws nearer.Dr. Harper has left us all a message ; his lifewas his message. His life was an epistle written in language so clear and strong that it couldnot be misunderstood.I am going to close with the words of Dr.Harper himself — words which he once used atthe funeral of my brother. "Every life is amessage sent directly from heaven for thosewith whom it is to come into contact. The divine hand prepares the message, and it is always complete, for no message from God everstops in the middle of a sentence. When themessage has been delivered, there is nothingmore for the life to do and, rightly, its endcomes. As time passes, the message will transform itself into a poem, more and more beautiful, more and more perfect, a precious memoryto be guarded and cherished in loving hearts."PRESIDENT HARPER'S RELATION TO EDUCATIONBY FLORENCE HOLBROOKOf the Class of 1879The life and work of a truly great man fascinate us. Every word, habit, act, and desire isscanned and debated. Most great men we knowcould have been great in many ways ; Dr. Harper would have been a man of mark in any lineof activity he had chosen. That he did not devote his energy to building up a vast fortune, toorganizing a great commerical enterprise — yes,even to the accomplishment of his heart's desire,the work of pure scholarship — is a matter ofsincerest congratulation for us and for thegreat world.To organize an army, to control politicalconditions, or to explore unknown continentsdemands intellect and will and power of highorder, but nowhere, in no department of human46 UNIVERSITY RECORDendeavor, is there more need of consummatetalent, of genius, than in the educational advancement of the race.To be a famous scholar, an authority in somedepartment of knowledge, to be the president ofa university, or to have succeeded in any oneof the many separate lines so happily combinedin President Harper's experience, would satisfymost men. But his vitality was so abundant, hisintellect so powerful, his will so masterful, hissympathies so profound, his intuition so sensitive, that he could concentrate his whole intellectual life upon the phase of life and work thenclaiming his attention, so that he made it whollyhis own — he understood, he conquered all difficulties, and illumined the subject whether itwere an obscure text, a plan for a building, oran educational policy. Much has been writtenand said in praise of his scholarship, his abilityas an organizer, and his influence over men, butnowhere did he show his broad view of education, his catholicity and enthusiasm, to a greaterdegree than in his interest in elementary andsecondary education — in the time and study wedevoted to the understanding of conditions, andto what he considered the remedies and improvements necessary and desirable.He early saw that if the University was todo the best work for men and women, the education of pupils in the secondary schools, highschools and academies, was of vital importance.The conferences between the faculties of theseschools and the University faculties were offar reaching influence. He grew more andmore democratic. His work as a member ofthe Board of Education and chairman of theEducational Commission appointed by MayorHarrison was most important. His advocacyof vacation schools, of the parental schools, ofthe continuous sessions of night schools, ofplaygrounds, of all kinds of handwork whichexperience should prove valuable, of the kindergartens, gymnasiums, school libraries, the use of public school buildings as social centers, andof the education of adults engaged in daily workthrough university extension lectures and correspondence, all proved his wide sympathiesand democratic tendencies."Where there is no vision the people perish."Dr. Harper had the vision of the prophet, thepoet, and the artist — visions of beauty and idealsof excellence constantly beckoned him on.Great as were his accomplishments, his imagination led him to form greater ideals. His influence on all schools, on all teachers, on the publicgenerally, is immeasurable. Everywhere hisname stands for initiative, for application, forscholarship, for aspiration, for character. Heleaves the greatest legacy to the world whoseinfluence has been to open, to the individual,avenues for fuller expression, for richer life. Ishall never forget the last time I talked with Dr.Harper — at Asbury Park at the meeting of theNational Educational Association last July. Agreat power he had been for years in all theircouncils; he had been mentioned by every onewith tender regret and profound admirationfor the bravery he had shown. All unexpectedly he appeared at the meeting of the Illinoisdelegation. The greetings were tremulous onour part, but he cheered us all with assurancesof returning strength.The scene was one that clings to the memory,for we knew that great as was his scholarship,unique as was his power to organize and execute, ripe as was his experience, higher thanthese, the gift of enthusiasm, the power to endure, the radiance of the spirit so evident in himthat day were the qualities that made the manwe loved. How beautiful it is to believe that allthese immortal qualities have but moved on togreater opportunity, to richer fruition ! His influence and teachings here depend much uponus. How are we to prove ourselves the strongerand abler for his life and lessons ? By developingto the fullest every power for good within ourUNIVERSITY RECORD 47own natures and by giving to all we meet thefreedom and power to be and to do ; never setting a limit to the growth of the spirit, usingour strength as he used his, ungrudgingly, infurthering educational ends which we deemworthy.His was a policy like fateThat shapes today for future hours;The sovran foresight his to drawFrom crude events their settled law—To learn the soul and turn the weightOf human passions into powers.His was the mathematic mightThat moulds results from men and things;The eye that pierces at a glance,The will that wields all circumstance,The starlike soul of force and lightThat moves eterne on tireless wings.DR. HARPER AS A TEACHERBY THEODORE GERALD SO A RES, PH.D., 1894Professor of Homiietics in the Divinity SchoolWe cannot fail to be impressed by the difference between our gathering today and thatoccasion, which none of us who were presentwill ever forget, in this same room a fortnightago. Then the sense of sorrow was strugglingwith the sense of victory. We have not forgotten our sorrow, but victory is victor. It isnot the mere healing of time. It is the certainty that came to the disciples of Jesus — "Heis not here ; he is risen !"Today, therefore, we are not come tomourn, but to give thanks that God gave to usa great leader. Lovingly, we are met to recount what he was to us; trustingly, we recognize that he has been called to higher service.It is the grateful task of one who was innearly all the President's classes in the firsttwo years of the University to speak of him asa teacher.It may not be generally recognized, but it isunquestionably a fact, that the very highestqualities of a teacher can only be brought intoexercise in the teacher of religion. There are certain important characteristics that are required in any great teacher. It needs not tosay that Dr. Harper possessed these in a super-eminent degree. Profound, accurate, and everwidening scholarship, love of learning, love ofmen, and love that men shall learn, a recognition of truth as more precious than rubies andmore to be desired than fine gold, a longing toshare the truth with all others, tact and stimulus and leadership — all these qualities were hisand in them all among teachers he was facileprinceps. But more than all was a fine qualityof sympathy in the teaching of a subject whichdemands that quality above all else.The subjects of divinity share with allsciences the common difficulties. Every teachermust find his student on his lower intellectuallevel. He must lead him to an understandingof processes and methods. The scientific andhistorical point of view the student onlyreaches under a master's guidance. But theteaching of the Bible and the subjects of thechristian religion presents a wholly unique difficulty. The student is not only ignorant, untrained, immature, rude of grasp, as in anysphere of learning, but he is fortified in prejudice. I wish that word could be used withoutoffense. I mean simply that the student hasprejudged the results of his study. All thesanctity of parental instruction, all the influences of the teaching of his church, that fundamental basis of eternal and inevitable truth, ashe conceives it, upon which the whole structureof his thinking is reared, have furnished himbefore entering the classroom of the biblical instructor a set of certain opinions which he wouldchange at his peril, nay, which it may be almosta sacrilege to re-examine. Therein lies the delicate and difficult task of the teacher of religion. If it is not quite so delicate nor so difficult as it was twenty, fifteen, or a dozen yearsago, the difference is largely due to the influence of Dr. Harper.48 UNIVERSITY RECORDHis quality as a teacher appeared when hemet a class in the study of the Old Testamentprophets. In many respects the study is parallelwith that of the Attic orators. There is a deadlanguage which, through the process of earneststudy, must live. There is an old history intowhich the student must transport himself until the burning words of the orator have the fireand passion of contemporary speech. Thereare critical, textual, literary problems whichmust be solved by closest investigation. He mustbe a master who will lead a student really to appreciate Demosthenes or Isaiah. But there isthis difference. The Greek student is a classicist, the Hebrew student is a preacher. Theprimary, practical, immediate question with thestudent of the Hebrew prophets is, what kindof a gospel shall he have to preach to the twentieth century. He had a gospel before he beganto study, and it was all bound up with certainconceptions of the Testament religion. It wasdependent on a certain view of what the dreamsand ideals of the prophets meant. The changeof a tense meant the change of a theology.Therein lay the problem of the earnest teacherof the Bible.I do not speak theoretically. I knew a ladbrought up after the straitest sect of the earnest, pious, devoted literalists. He had passedthrough college and come into the modern worldof thinking upon all subjects save religion. Assome men with marvelous ingenuity keep asunder religion and business, so he held the modernworld. He wished they would stop explorations in Babylonia. One never could tell whatmight be dug up that would be disquieting andwould give aid and comfort to the enemies ofthe faith. He was going to be a minister of thegospel. He was intending to preach divinetruth for the good of men in the modern world.And he would have preached it that the seventeenth century might have called him brother.He heard a series of discourses, simple, clear as the sunlight, profound, suggestive of possibilities of knowledge all unseen, winning, inviting, illuminating, bringing the Hebrew prophetsof twenty-five hundred years ago into relationwith reality. The young disciple had an interview with the great master and decided, Godhelping him, and under the leadership of theman with whom he utterly disagreed, but inwhom he inevitably believed, to work the matterthrough to the end. That young man was goodmaterial for either a bigot or a skeptic. It wasthe fine sympathy, at once an intellectual andspiritual sympathy, of the master teacher thatled him through the twilight of a long investigation into the sunlight of God's eternal day.I have seen biblical teachers smile at the perplexity of students. Never Dr. Harper. To himthe passage of the mind from traditionalism tofreedom was a sacred progress. He knew allthe dangers and the fears and he knew the wayto victory, and with rare tact and courage ledus on. Because we felt his sympathy and knewthat he understood the struggle and brought usinto it only that he might bring us through it,we became his willing disciples and dared tothink because he dared. Without irreverence Imay paraphrase a great word. We had not ahigh priest who could not be touched with thefeeling of our infirmities, but was in all pointstested like as we were, yet without failure.It was that strong assurance that made ageneration of christian scholars, teachers, andpreachers.Dr. Harper founded a school of thought — notthe school we see about us, but that whole company of men and women throughout the worldwhom he taught to read the old scriptures withinsight and joy and absolute faith. Insight, forit was his mission, gladder than that of his favorite prophet, to teach men that having eyesthey should see, and having ears they shouldhear, and having hearts they should understand.Joy, as great moral truths first enunciated inUNIVERSITY RECORD 49Israel, became real and vital for our day andgeneration. Faith, yes faith. It was the teacher's noblest gift to his students. Of course, iffaith means an unchanged adherence to a setof opinions, then the experiences of Dr. Harper's classroom often shattered it. But if faithmeans that there is one God, the same yesterday, today, and forever, and that this world isGod's world, and that men may dare to thinkGod's thoughts after him and may reverentlyand earnestly ask questions, and ask them again,and ask them again, sure that at the end of anyearnest path of inquiry they shall never find alie,That right is right, since God is God,And right the day will win;To doubt would be disloyalty,To falter would be sin —if it is faith that the soul rests confident inthe integrity of the universe, then was our greatteacher the man of faith, and his disciples followed him.Dr. Harper was not the first to teach scientifically the Old Testament. He was too youngto be a pioneer in modern religious thinking.He was not the only man of his generation whobelieved that it was safe to let the people knowthe truth. He was only one in the extraordinarygalaxy ,of biblical scholars that has distinguished the last thirty years. His supremeplace was that of the teacher, and the remarkable advance of biblical and Semitic study inAmerica, which he effected, came through hisability as a teacher. He spoke today in tenthousand pulpits and in ten thousand bibleclasses, even from the lips of men who neverknew him. And so the teacher lives in the mes sages of other teachers and preachers — messages in his own spirit, strong, brave, fair, withnever a sneer nor a gibe, with no hot argumentnor noisy stage play; for he helped us understand the promise of the Supreme Teacher, "Yeshall know the truth, and the truth shall makeyou free."RESOLUTIONS IN MEMORY OF PRESIDENT HARPER*The Alumni of the University of Chicago, inspecial memorial service assembled, January28, 1906, would testify to the great loss wesustain in the death of our President.William Rainey Harper has been to us theprophet of an educational movement which demanded clear-cut pursuit of fundamental truth.Recognizing the many-sidedness of life and theunity of all truth, he became a leader of menwho encouraged research in every departmentof knowledge. He was broad-minded, earnest,brave, and true; comprehensive and clear ofplan; convincing of presentation; and swift ofexecution. He laid hold on the past of the human race, wrought wonderfully in the present,and, like a prophet, brought the future beforeus.Dr. Harper was far more to us than President. He was our guide, our friend, our elderbrother. We have worked with him and havecome to love him. His memory will ever inspire us to make all life greater, more beautiful,more abundant.With a deep sense of personal loss we extendto his bereaved family our heartfelt sympathy.1 These resolutions were read by Mr. Allen T.Burns, A. B., of the class of 1898.50 UNIVERSITY RECORDPRESIDENT HARPER AND HIS LIFE WORK1BY JOHN HUSTON FIN LEYPresident of the College of the City of New YorkThe facts which give outline to this remarkable life are these: He was born in 1856 ofScotch-Irish ancestry in a small Ohio town ; heentered the preparatory department of a smallcollege in that same town at the age of eight,and was graduated from college when only fourteen years old. He worked for three years,studying meanwhile privately, and then, entering the graduate department of Yale University,took his doctorate in Semitic languages at theage of nineteen. He was married in the sameyear, and at once began teaching in the South ;then he was principal of a preparatory school inconnection with Denison University, Ohio. In1879, when twenty-three years of age, he became professor of Hebrew in what was then theChicago Baptist Union Theological Seminaryat Morgan Park, 111. Nine years later he wentto Yale University as professor of Semitic languages, and soon after was made professor ofbiblical literature. , In those years he becamedeeply interested in the Chautauqua movementof popular education, and was chosen head ofthe Chautauqua College of Liberal Arts. In1 89 1 he went back into the West again, this timeas president of the University of Chicago andits head professor of Semitic languages andliteratures, and there remained to the day of hisdeath, January 10, 1906. During all these yearsWilliam Rainey Harper was continuing hisstudy in the field of his early choice, writingtextbooks and articles, and associating otherswith him in his productive scholarly work.These facts, out of the ordinary in themselves, are especially remarkable in their sequence and association only. That a boy bornin 1856 should in 1864 be entering upon his col-1 Reprinted, by permission, from the February(1906) number of the Review of Reviews. lege preparatory work is most unusual. (Theaverage boys of today, whatever the cause maybe, are but getting fairly under way with theirreading and writing and arithmetic at eight.)That this same boy should be graduated fromcollege, competent, as has been reported, tomake his commencement address in Hebrew, isanother unusual if not phenomenal fact, — a factwhich gives rise to further questioning as towhether some youths, at least, are not encouraged or required to spend more time than theyought in acquiring the disciplines and knowledges of the college curriculum.I do not know what the standards of Muskingum College, his Alma Mater, were in 1864;but, even if its curriculum carried the studentno farther than the courses of our presentsophomore year, it yet appears that after twoyears of residence in Yale he was able to gainthe doctor's degree at an age scarcely abovethat of the average sophomore of today, whoseimmaturity has invited general remark. It isinteresting to note, in this connection, that inthe University of Chicago, under the directionof this boy grown to man, it has been madepossible for students to progress to the bachelor's degree in even three years or less frommatriculation.The experience of this one Ohio boy has beenvery effective in its influence on what he callsan educational fetich, — the four-year collegecourse.It was, doubtless, much easier thirty yearsago for one who had a special aptitude in languages to secure his degree in the phenomenally short time spent by Dr. Harper in winning his, for language work filled a very largepart of the curriculum, but one who knows whatDr. Harper's wonderful energy was, must be-WILLIAM RAINEY HARPERUNIVERSITY RECORD 51lieve that he would probably have mastered acurriculum of sciences in as brief a time, soeager was his mind for mastery. I was shocked,though I was interested, to know from his ownlips, soon after the first attack of the fatal disease, how thoroughly he had mastered the literature of that disease and its treatment. This Ispeak of because I believe it was so indicativeof the conquering spirit of the man.The period of his active work after this phenomenally early preparation was only thirtyyears, including the first few years of apprenticeship and the year at the end of his life,which was as a year of resurrection — a year ofreturn to the earth. But the achievement ofthese three decades, begun at an immature ageand crowned with the glory of the heroic struggle of the last year, was the achievement ofthree men, and of three extraordinary men. Itwas as if these three men of the same basic character, having all much in common and having<each a sympathy with the others, yet differing intheir possessing interests and their intellectualgifts, were joined together in a loyal and enduring union. The great bounding heart wascommon to all. And they all worked togetheralways. Only they divided their time amongthe interests of these three giant men. Now itwas teaching to which he gave himself with thestrength of three men ; another hour or anotherday it was to study, to the seeking of a scholar ;and then the next hour or the next day it wasthe complex and tangled task of the executiveto which this man of three men's brains set hishand. By this co-operation he accomplishedwhat three men working independently, thoughof great ability each, could not have done. Itseems as if nature had here exhibited in humanlife the wisdom of combination and had givenexample of economy in the diversity of interestand effort.The triple accomplishment of this life has beenso often in these past few months recited in its detail that it cannot be necessary to repeat ithere. The story is known upon the street aswell as in classroom and study. It must heresuffice to say a word out of my own observationand affection, of that achievement.I have said elsewhere that he was first of alla teacher. I have been reading today that onewho stood nearest to him of all, perhaps, in hisuniversity work, and who knew perhaps betterthan any one else his achievement as an executive, put the teaching man in him first, too. Ofcourse, it is less possible to estimate accuratelythat service than to assess the results of scholarship or the tangible creations of the executive.Dr. Harper is certainly to be put among thefirst few of our great teachers, and possibly ofthe teachers of the world. He has been a laterAbelard, attracting scholars and students fromall parts of this country to a place remote fromthe older seats of learning. He went out towhat was, in the eastern imagination, a wilderness, but scholars and students followed him,and many of them would willingly, had it beennecessary, have made the sacrifices and enduredthe hardships of the old students of Abelard, tobe near him. Dean Judson said that at onetime he seemed to think it his mission to set allthe world to studying Hebrew, and that, underthe magnetism of his teaching, it really appearedas if it might be done. With Abelard, it wastheology. With Harper, it was Hebrew. Thegreat inspiring teacher was there in both cases.It mattered little what the subject was.Upon his achievement as a productive scholarI cannot dare to set my own valuation. It isreported that he said shortly before his end thathe would rather have produced his bookon the "Minor Prophets" than to have beenuniversity president for forty years. Shortlyafter the death sentence came to him, I saw himone memorable afternoon last spring at Lake-wood. He knew that he had but a year atmost to live, in all probability, and he kept ask-52 UNIVERSITY RECORDing me, or rather himself in my presence, towhich of his tasks he should give those lastmonths. He was practically barred from thefirst, his teaching; but should he complete orattempt to complete the series of books on theOld Testament which he was writing, or shouldhe bring nearer to completion his great plansfor the university which he had builded? Ithink he found himself inclined to do the former, and this seemed to me the proper appraisement of the relative importance of the two greattasks that were left to his attempting.But whatever our estimates may be of thevalue of his teaching and of his scholarship, heis to be best remembered by his work as president of the university. This is to be his lastingmonument, for it seems firmly established as oneof the world's great universities. Wherein thegreat executive skill lay which evolved that itis difficult to discover. He had no great magnetism of personality except to those who cameclose to him, who knew him intimately. He hadno grace of speech. He had none of the persuasive powers of the orator. But there was inhim some subtle power beyond analysis.The chemists have recently come upon a process new to them, — upon substances which havecommanding power over other substances intheir presence, transforming them without selfchange, without any seeming expenditure or lossof energy in themselves. The merest trace ofone of these "catalysts," as they are named, maysuddenly "let loose the powerful affinities" of asubstance before insoluble. And so incommensurate do the cause and effect sometimes seem,that one author has likened the process to thedissolving of an island by throwing a few hand-fuls of crystals upon it. There was a trace ofsomething in President Harper which let loosepowerful affinities between men and theirwealth, and led them to form new and unselfishaffinities ; which made soluble minds and heartsthat had never before yielded to high appeal. This is not demeaning his personal qualities ; itis only saying that there was a trace of something added to those qualities which can beanalyzed and assessed and catalogued.Though President Harper's wisdom in certain aspects came out of the East, he was inspirit a Westlander. He did what seemed impossible to do, and what would have been impossible to do in the bonds of conventionalismand traditionalism. He had freedom to followthe best teachings of experience unhampered byprecedents. And he found great scholars andteachers who were eager to join him on that"battleground for new and living thoughts,"the "meeting-place for the world's contendingforces." He had the love of struggle, but, better than this, he had the genius for hard work.Yet he had never the mien of one who was consciously and anxiously bearing great burdens.He kept ever a buoyant spirit and a cheerfulface.Once he defined the university as the prophetof democracy. And himself the incarnation ofthe spirit and purpose of his own university, hestood upon our western horizon a prophet — aprophet, worthy to have place with those prophets of the elder day whose scriptures he so diligently searched. The great teacher is alwaysthe great prophet in that he foreordains by histeaching. The prophetic power of this manwas heightened, multiplied, by his assemblingabout him hundreds of other prophets, organizing, inspiring, directing their efforts, that theprophecy of his ideals should come true ; and establishing a school of prophets which for generations should continue, not merely to interpretthe past and measure the present, but, as President Harper himself wrote out of his aspirationfor it, "to lead democracy in the true path." Inthe very midst of his definition of the university as a prophet, he reveals the militant character of his own ideal prophet, — a universitythat fights the battles of democracy, its war-cryUNIVERSITY RECORD 53being, "Come, let us reason together." This isthe best depiction of himself — not a mere interpreter of the past or a measurer of the present,but a militant, dynamic prophet of the future aswell.He has left us, among other writings, his little volume of addresses and essays entitled "TheTrend of Higher Education." This is not agood title. The book is not the survey of onewho is sitting calmly apart watching the tendency of things ; it is the appeal of one who, seeing waste on the one hand and need on theother, is creating tendencies against the wasteand toward the meeting of the need. It is againthe militant scholar crying, "Come, let us reason together," but employing his great energiesof soul and body to avoid waste and meet theneed which his own eyes have seen. The heroism of the last year of his life hasglorified his patient achievements. The she-krnah has manifested itself in the great templehe has builded. That presence has hallowed allthat his spirit has touched. This is the bestpromise for the future of the university, thatthe great machine conducted by him — complexas it seems, almost beyond the efficient management of any one else — is ever to have that attendant spirit, even as the wheels which theprophet Ezekiel saw in his vision had their cherubim which went whenever and whferever thewheels went.The University of Chicago now has its pastin the completed chapter of his life, and comesamong the great universities of the world witha chronicle of which any university might wellbe proud.54 UNIVERSITY RECORDPERSONAL RECOLLECTIONS OF DR. HARPERBY FRANK KNIGHT SANDERS, D.D.Formerly Dean of the Yale Divinity SchoolIt is natural that those who knew PresidentHarper only as the organizer of a great institution of learning, or as the man of ready andpronounced interest in civic or social affairs,never unwilling to use his energies unselfishly,or as the keen and far-sighted maker of experiments in the educational world, should laystress upon his marvelous qualities as an organizer, upon his tirelessness, his unfailing optimism, his unquenchable belief in ideals andskill in putting them into realizable form.It is also natural that those who met himonly in the classroom, or at public gatherings,should have carried away an ineffaceable impression of the seeker after truth, a man ofscholarly enthusiasms, an untiring student,never fearing hard work for himself, and aninspiring leader, who exacted it from everystudent, possessing, however, an unusual abilityin sharing with others those things on whichhe laid the highest value. Perhaps this lastmentioned characteristic affords the key to Dr.Harper's lovable personality, one which, underconditions promotive in the highest degree ofjealousies, misunderstandings, and even bitteropposition, kept creating and grappling friends,who remained continuously loyal to him.While habitually generous and thoughtfulfor everyone, Dr. Harper did not reveal his innermost self to many. He had to fight toomany battles for that. But he was a singularlyhelpful and inspiring friend to those who wereallowed to share his intimacy, Such realizedthe finer and deeper sides of his nature, andthat with uncommon quickness.It was my good fortune to be brought into1 Reprinted from the Congregationalist of January20, 1906. close personal contact with Dr. Harper at theoutset of his career at Yale. I well rememberthe lasting impression made upon me in ourinformal interview. I had come to the university, believing that it was my duty to pursuea certain course of study which was not exactlyin accordance with my real desires. I hadsettled the question and made up my mind, butthere was still a lurking desire that my ambition to earn a doctor's degree might be gratified. At a reception given to new students atthe university, which I attended and at whichhe was present, I was pleased by his instantrecognition of me, as one of the forty or fiftystudents whom he had seen only a few times,and, almost without knowing how it happened,found that I had been led by his attitude ofhearty sympathy to pour out my soul to him.At once he grasped the situation, expressed thedeepest sympathy with it, invited me to comeand talk it over with him the following day,.and did not let the matter rest until arrangements had been made, partly because of thefuller light which he was able to throw uponthe situation, and partly by the use of his influence, which were entirely satisfactory to me.Few men would have been as ready to throwthemselves whole-heartedly into the dreams ofan aspiring but undeveloped youth as he wasat that time.It was the same spirit of generous friendliness that led him repeatedly during his daysas a professor and president, even when working under the greatest pressure, to receive aninterrupting inquirer in a way that made thelatter feel that he was the most welcome guestimaginable. For years after his departure fromYale, it was a common remark that no one wasever able to detect a trace of resentment or an-UNIVERSITY RECORD 55aoyance in Dr. Harper's greeting, no matterwhat the circumstances of meeting him mightbe.Another experience of my own characteristically illustrates the wisdom with which hedealt with his pupils. I remember being in aclass of graduate students who were dealingwith some of the general problems of the OldTestament. His object in that class was notso much to add to the information of the classas to better its methods of investigation. Oneday he assigned me as a task, to be reportedwhenever I was ready, a paper on the FirstBook of Samuel. His directions were simpleand comprehensive: thoroughly to master thebook and to bring before the class in due timemy judgment of it based upon independentstudy. I received the assignment with someindignation, regarding it as trivial. As a matter of fact, I found it a task peculiarly valuableto me. So far as I am able distinctly to determine, my own fascinated interest in biblicalstudy began with that bit of original work.Instead of reporting to the class as I hadplanned to do within a week or two, I allowedtwo months to pass, each week filled with thehardest kind of study, before I ventured topresent my results, apologizing at that timebecause my investigations had not been reallycomplete. It was just such a bit of work asI needed at that particular stage in my owncareer as a student. I have often felt gratefulto my honored teacher for his kindly firmnessin insisting on that assignment.' Another characteristic experience will illustrate the generosity with which he dealt withthose he trusted. After receiving my graduatedegree at Yale, I continued there as one ofDr. Harper's assistants. My energies at thefirst were only in part devoted to strictlyacademical work. A large proportion of timewas given to the development of the Instituteof Sacred Literature, a school for correspond ence instruction in Hebrew and other Semiticlanguages and in the English Bible, which hadgrown out of the older American Institute ofHebrew. It was my duty, not merely to assistin the work of correspondence instruction, butto carry the principal responsibility of detailedmanagement. This was an important responsibility for me at that time, and involved manyperplexing problems. It was characteristic ofDr. Harper, however, to allow me to shoulderthe responsibility and to reap whatever honorthere might be in carrying our plans to a successful issue, merely contenting himself withsaying : "If you get into trouble, let me know."It was this habit of his to sketch out an enterprise, but to leave considerable freedom in itsdevelopment to his subordinates, that madethem so appreciative of his friendship and socontinuously loyal to his leadership.So masterful a man as he, with such broadvision and such unlimited capacity of achievement, was tempted to use his ability relentlessly, to drive straight over opposition. It wasalways true that he neither spared himself norothers; but his unselfishness was so genuine,his friendliness so real, his willingness to sharewith others so marked, that no one who workedwith him ever resented being driven ; he ratherfelt that he was one of a team and that it washis privilege to do his utmost.Many tributes will be paid to Dr. Harper'scourage and faith, to his energy and zeal, tohis enterprise and wisdom. We who have beenhis close companions rejoice to bear affectionate testimony to his real goodness, to his friendliness, to his delight at the achievement ofothers, and his quick sympathy with all thatwas worth doing anywhere. To serve underhim was an education. To know him well wasa constant inspiration for life's service. To behis familiar friend was a revelation of some ofthe elements which enter into the finest typeof Christian manhood.56 UNIVERSITY RECORDTHE LATE PRESIDENT HARPER1BYgGEORGE ADAM SMITH, D.D., LLD.Professor of Hebrew in the United Free Church College, Glasgow, ScotlandThe death of William Rainey Harper, President of the University of Chicago, is a severeloss to the forces of education in the UnitedStates, to the ranks of Old Testament scholarship throughout the world, and to a very largenumber of workers in these and other departments, who enjoyed the privilege of his generous friendship and of his most inspiring example. . . .I do not know what his earliest appointments were, but soon after he was thirty hebecame professor of the Old Testament at Yale.He was a born teacher, and to his masterlygrasp of the Hebrew language and a gift oflucid exposition, added a strong passion for hissubject, which he had a wonderful power ofcommunicating to his students. His very greatability for organization could not be satisfiedwith the work of his university classes; and,besides engaging in the administration of thesummer school at Chautauqua, and teachingand lecturing there, he started and for yearsconducted a system of teaching Hebrew bycorrespondence, which was taken advantage ofby large numbers of students, lay and clerical,throughout the States. It was these proofsof his organizing faculty which led to his election, when only thirty-five, as president of thestill future University of Chicago.American universities excel our own in thewisdom of choosing as their official and business heads men of comparative youth, in theirfull energy and with their career still to make.His work as president during the last fifteenor sixteen years has more than justified thechoice of him. He had a unique opportunity,1 Reprinted in part fromWeekly of January 18, 1906. the London British it is true, in the powers conferred on him, andthe finances at his disposal. But it was due tohis zeal and thoroughness in the initial stagesof his presidency, and to the infection of theenergy and high ideals which he sustained tothe end, that these financial resources, large tobegin with, were more than quadrupled.He had a most vigilant instinct for educational worth in other men, of all departmentsof learning, and seldom made a mistake in hischoice of lieutenants. His eye was upon everybranch of science, and he kept himself abreastof its most recent achievements and requirements. Also, I never met so vigorous and self-reliant a personality, which was so ready tolearn and unlearn. He had a singularly openand alert mind. Whether it was the arrangement of the studies, of which he was a recognized master, and their allied departments; orthe founding of a new faculty like sociology;or the building of scientific laboratories ; or theamalgamation and reorganizing of a medicalschool in connection with the University; orthe founding of a hospital ; or the direction ofsecondary education intended to lead up to theUniversity, he made himself master of all thedetails, and has left his stamp on every one ofthese, and on all the other separate departments of his sudden, immense, and carefullyorganized University.But his versatility and ability would neverhave achieved such results without his extraordinary personal strength and powers of work.The late Dr. Bruce, himself an unweariedworker, who lived and worked with Dr. Harper for weeks at a time, told me that I shouldfind him the hardest worker I had ever met.That was also Henry Drummond's testimony;and when I came to live and work in the Pres-UNIVERSITY RECORD 57"ident's house at Chicago, I found it true. Allthe time that Dr. Harper was occupied in forming and administering the University, he taughthis own subject two hours daily, he lecturedmuch away from home, and during the Chautauqua term, July and August, he spent fromSaturday afternoon to Monday morning at thatsummer school, though it lies over eighteenhours by rail from Chicago. In addition to allthis, he preserved his mastery over the rapidlywidening science of the Old Testament, andwas able, just before he went into the surgeon'shands, to publish one of the most learned andjudicious commentaries on the Old Testamentwhich have appeared during the last fifty years.But his greatest and most enduring monument will be the University itself, the work ofonly fifteen years; a vast and noble pile ofbuildings, a staff of more than two hundredprofessors and lecturers, and a body of manyhundreds of students. Besides the teaching and examining work common in universities,which has been sustained from one year's endto the other — the summer or vacation schoolsfilling up the holidays usual in other universities — Chicago has issued, in some cases underthe editorship of Dr. Harper, a large numberof periodicals on various sciences, which arethe recognized American authorities on theirsubjects. One can hardly conceive of a largerrange of labor efficiently commanded and inparts personally served by one man in our day.Throughout this varied career of attentionto so many departments of academic life, Dr.Harper has preserved his religious temper, andworked loyally for the ethical and religiouscharacter of his university. And his courageand faith in face of the early death that hasconfronted him for these two years has beeneven more of an inspiration to his friends thanthe unwearied devotion of his strength to thegreat work of his life.58 UNIVERSITY RECORDWILLIAM RAINEY HARPER1BY LYMAN ABBOTT, D.D.Editor of The OutlookIt is given to few men to achieve so much is the German scholar.in so brief a space as William Rainey Harperachieved in a lifetime of less than half a century. Born in 1856, graduated at fourteen,receiving a doctor's degree from Yale University at nineteen, professor of Hebrew attwenty-three, president of the University ofChicago at thirty-five, he died at the age offorty-nine, having in his fourteen years of administration put that university in the frontranks of the universities. A scholar whoselearning in his special department gave him therespect of scholars, a teacher whose capacity toarouse enthusiasm was such that he was said tohave made Hebrew at Yale as popular as football, an extraordinary reader of men, so that inan unprecedentedly brief time he gatheredabout him a brilliant and powerful faculty, anexecutive to whose sagacious energy the University of Chicago is a splendid monument, anadministrator from whose instinctive observation and unfailing memory no detail escapedperception and recording, we believe that hisgreatest and most permanent influence is due toan idealism with which he was credited only bythose who had watched his work most closelyand studied him most intimately. It was thisidealism that enabled him to create a new typeof university.The distinctive characteristic of the Englishuniversity is culture. Itself the product of asplendid aristocracy, it in turn produces theworld's finest aristocrats. Its product is theEnglish gentleman. The distinctive characteristic of the German university is scholarship.Growing up in an atmosphere of erudition, it inturn produces the erudite student. Its product2This editorial is reprinted, by permission, fromthe Outlook of Jarfuary 20, 1906. These two types ofuniversity, coming across the ocean, have herebeen naturalized. The older college, formed onthe model of the English university, and primarily classical and literary, produced thegentleman — an American gentleman. Its aimwas culture. The newer college, formed onthe model of the German university, andprimarily technical even in its classical andliterary work, produces the scholar — an American scholar. Its aim has been scholarship.The difference between the old and the newhas been a difference not merely in curriculumand method, but in unconscious aim and spirit.President Harper in the University of Chicagohas given the world a new type, because a typeanimated by a different spirit and proposing toitself a different aim. If we may define thespirit of the English university by the wordculture and that of the German university bythe word scholarship, we may define that of thenew type that President Harper has given tothe world by the word service.If all readers were careful, which they arenot, it would hardly be necessary to say that thedifference which we here note is relative, notabsolute, a difference not of essence but ofemphasis. The older college of the Englishtype produces scholars. The newer college ofthe German type produces gentlemen; anddoubtless the University of Chicago has produced both scholars and gentlemen. But theunconscious emphasis of the first has been onquiet culture, of the second on zestful investigation, of the third on preparation for an activeAmerican life. The scholarship which the firsthas regarded as a means and measure of self-development, and the second as an end in itself,the third has regarded as an equipment forservice.UNIVERSITY RECORD 59This spirit of service is here too sharplydifferentiated from that of other and olderinstitutions of learning, for accuracy of definition is never possible in the spiritual realm;but it is the emphasis which the University ofChicago has put upon this spirit in its organization and administration that has given to thatuniversity its peculiar history and its distinctivefeatures. An institution to equip men forservice belonged not in an academic town;rather in a great commercial metropolis, andin such a metropolis in the middle West. Thelocation was fitly chosen. Equipment forservice appealed to men to whom mere cultureand mere scholarship made no appeal, and sobrought to Mr. Harper the financial partnerswhose generous co-operation has given theUniversity its endowment; and never, we suppose, in academic history has so large an endowment been given in so brief a time. Equipment for service led to the organization of acourse of study continuous throughout theyear, with liberty to pupils to come and go,taking their instruction in fragments as bestthey could. Equipment for service inspired itto develop a university extension scheme andto form affiliations with sister and smaller institutions, so extending its organic influence intoother communities and through other states.This spirit of equipment for service has inspired it with a more than intellectual devotion,has imparted to it an atmosphere of absoluteintellectual freedom, has bestowed upon it highethical standards, pre-eminently so on all sociological topics, and has preserved it from theperils which otherwise might endanger an institution organized in a commercial city anddirected to practical ends in a commercial community. And last, but not least, this spirit ofequipment for service has been caught by otherand older institutions, from which the new institution has inherited traditions of culture and of scholarship, and to which it has given in exchange a spirit of direct and immediate service-ableness.Dr. Harper was a greater man than his generation realized. Doubtless he had the defectsof his qualities; but the qualities will be remembered long after the defects are forgotten.To the future he will appear great, not merelyfor his scholarship, his teaching enthusiasm, hismastery of detail, his indomitable energy; hewill be recognized as one who felt America'sneed of a new type of university, not to supplant but to supplement other types, and as onewho, with the vision to see, had also the powerto realize. The future, which he has himselfhelped to educate, will see that he was thefounder, not of a commercial college nor of atechnical school, but of an American university.It will see that he was an educational seer andan educational pioneer. And some appreciating friend will build for him the one monumenthe would desire above all others, by putting inthe center of the University campus the collegecathedral which it was his ambition to erectthere, to symbolize and to nourish that spirituallife which he sought to make the inspirationand the glory of the University, as equipmentfor service was its dominating purpose.Such a soul cannot die ; death has no dominion over it. Alfred Tennyson has written itsbiography :Life piled on lifeWere all too little.Jonathan Edwards has interpreted its spirit:"To live with all my might while I do live."When death sent a message before to say, "Iam coming," he altered not one whit his life.He neither defied death as an enemy that hehated, nor welcomed it joyously as a friend thatsummoned him to rest from his labors. Hecounted death as an insignificant incident, andwith unabated devotion to his fellows and his60 UNIVERSITY RECORDGod he continued his service to the end. Then,when death opened the door, he walked calmlythrough, from life to life.The influence of his last days gave a sacredradiance to the funeral services on Sunday afternoon at the University. They were not arequiem for the dead, but a commemoration ofthe living. The fitly chosen words of interpre tation and of appreciation spoken by three of hisintimate friends were characterized by a simplicity, sincerity, and vision which made those present realize the spirit of the risen leader and forget his broken and tenantless house, and inspired them with hopeful aspiration and strongresolve to live their lives in service as unselfishand in faith as strong as his.UNIVERSITY RECORD 61THE DEATH OF WILLIAM R. HARPER1The long fight which President William R.Harper, of the University of Chicago, has madeagainst the inroads of a mortal disease reachedthe inevitable result Wednesday. The institution over which he had presided since July,1 89 1, and which he had developed upon suchbroad and efficient lines, will be his monument.He would have been fifty years old next July,so that within this short life have been crowded his large achievements in the educationalworld. He was one of the most modern schoolof university executives, and his capacity forwork was marvelous. That his life has beenshortened by it will not be questioned, but hehas paid the price, and gladly, of his large accomplishments. When Professor Harper wasbrought from the Yale divinity school, wherehe had occupied the chair of the Semitic languages, and was also during his later yearsthere Woolsey professor of biblical literature,a man had been secured who was to representthe most hustling spirit of his environment.Chicago does things in pork and wheat, andwhat not, and President Harper did things inthe collegiate world that were equally masterful and amazing. That wonderful universitysprang from his brain and hands into a development that commanded recognition all oyer theworld, if not always, at once, scholarly approval. It was astonishing that a theological professor, however youthful, possessed, and developed so broadly, all the modern executiveresources. The system by which he advancedand conducted the University embraced themost close attention to details, while it comprehended a wide and free outlook in educational progress. The amount of work whichDr. Harper performed, in addition to his thor-1 Reprinted in part from the Springfield Republican of January 12, 1906. ough organization of the University, has beenrarely, if ever, equaled by any man in a similarposition The work which Dr. Harper did for thestudy of Hebrew is worthy of remark. Hebrought life and interest into a study whichhad been relegated to theological seminaries,where students gave little time to it, and thatlittle grudgingly, from things which appearedto them to be of more immediate interest andvalue. Hebrew scholarship, outside of a fewseminary chairs, was unknown. His correspondence school did much to change this situation, and there came the discoveries of thetreasures of the Assyrian valley to quicken andwiden the investigation by students not onlyof the Bible, but of history, art, and civilization. He established a summer school in Chicago back in 1881, where the best teachersof Assyrian, Arabic, and Syriac came into alliance with the Hebrew instructors. Distinguished scholars were called to lecture on theirspecial themes in connection with these languages and the Old Testament. Thus theprofessors of the Semitic languages in morethan fifty institutions were formed into theAmerican Institute of Hebrew. In this newSemitic movement Dr. Harper was the leaderand organizer. Dr. Harper's method of instruction and inspiration in these lines havethus been set forth:He calls his method inductive; but before allcharacteristics of method is the fundamental assumption that complete mastery of the language isattainable with reasonable effort, and nothing lessis fit to be aimed at. This brushes away all the oldsuperficial, empirical ways of study, and brings oneto the thorough scientific pursuit of knowledge. Hisinductive method is the method of nature, of factsbefore principles, language before grammar. He ismore than a linguist — he is a philologist. In the analysis of forms he carries the mind back continually62 UNIVERSITY RECORDto the fundamental laws of the language and of alllanguage, and with constant practice in writing andpronouncing, with incessant use of eye and ear, withmuch sight reading and memorizing of words, but nomemorizing of grammar except incidentally in connection with observed facts and principles, the pupil,by a process of reasoning as well as of memory, comesinto a masterful possession of the speech. Indomitable physical vigor, a steady glow of enthusiasm,intellectual insight, rapidity and energy, philosophicalgrasp and rational unfolding of his subject, perfectfacility of distribution or power to lay hold of eachstudent and give him just what he needs, with abeaming disposition to help everybody— these arethe remarkable qualities that make up his equipment.Thus Dr. Harper had rich acquirement in hisspecial lines, and to that he added in a wonderful degree the ready decision, practical common-sense, and persistent activity of the mostprogressive of modern men of affairs. Thiswas the secret of his remarkable success as aneducator, which was most strikingly shown inhis work at Chautauqua. He was a scholar,but not a recluse, and possessed the rare giftof imparting human interest to the drieststudies. When Mr. Rockefeller got hold of Dr. Harper he chose wisely, and when the newpresident went to the Middle West he was going home. He was of the new American type,strong in body, sense, and zeal, and carried tohis great task of building up the University,not only culture, but a thorough knowledge ofhis environment, and an understanding of thepeople with whom he had to deal, from themillionaire benefactor of the institution to thestudents who made up the University. Theold college president, with his leisurely grace,philosophic thought, and restful charm, wasnot repeated in this new man. He did notfall short on the spiritual side, but was mastered by the idea of service to his generationand the purpose to get straight at it. He soughtto have the University represent charactermore than the old emotional form of goodness.He inspired research and scholarship, as wellas work for the slums, and as the Universitygrew in stone and mortar, it also grew in thepurpose of service. He was a worker of themost intense type, and has left his large impress upon the most pushing and forceful university in America. . . .WILLIAM RAINEY HARPERPresident of the University 1891-1906UNIVERSITY RECORDWILLIAM RAINEY HARPER, THE MAN1BY ALBION WOODBURY SMALLDean of the Graduate School of Arts and LiteratureIt can seldom be said of anyone with moretruth than of President Harper that he seemedto concentrate his whole self upon the programme of a given moment. Naturally, therefore, many persons who have been in directtouch with him at some point assume that theyhave the only true view of the real man. Alarge number of persons have been in close contact with one or more phases of his life. Inmany cases those who have been associatedwith him longest and most frequently may haveless precise insight into one of these special aspects of his character than others who have received exceptionally vivid impressions of thatparticular side of the man.A stranger who had seen him order a dinnerunder the most favorable circumstances mightforever after cherish the illusion that the key tohis whole character is to be found in the tastesof an epicure. Another stranger who had seenhim leave the table for a night or a day or several days of forced work with scarcely athought of food or sleep, might say that theman was at heart an ascetic, and that the pleasures of the table were to him merely items in aprogramme of winning his way by a show ofgood fellowship. If one were to judge solelyby the amount of thought and labor he wouldexpend upon the forms and ceremonies of anacademic or social function, it would be easy toclass him as a martinet with vision only fortrifles. One might have known him simplywhile he was studying large questions of general policy, and might have gained the idea thathe cared nothing whatever for details, but wasinterested merely in probing down to essentialprinciples.1 Reprinted, by permission, from the Standard ofJanuary 20, 1906. Some men have doubtless been intimately associated with him in certain ways without detecting any signs that he was religious. Thesemay imagine that they have found him out asat bottom a hard-headed man of affairs, cynically indulgent of the superstitions of others,prudently silent about his contempt for theiropinions, but really a pagan and a materialist.Their perceptions would be quite as near thetruth as those of a man who is color-blind andcan see only one shade of light in the rainbow.Other men would discover in President Harpera simple and sturdy Christian faith daily overcoming the world.Antitheses of this sort might be multiplied atgreat length by comparing different divisions ofPresident Harper's life. There would be a basisof truth behind each of these partial views.Facts that lend themselves to the most contradictory estimates are actually in evidence. Aperfectly just combination of them could bemade only by a man as many-sided as he was,who had also known him with equal intimacy inevery phase of his character. No one is likelyto profess these qualifications. Any singlepicture of the man will be credible in the degreein which it leaves room for lines to be drawnfrom many other points of view.No portrait of President Harper can be quitenatural unless it reveals him as an unspoiled boyfrankly interested to the very last in every aspect of life. There was no more virility and noless morbidness in his eager attention to reportsfrom the last Thanksgiving day football gamethan in his earnest reflection the same day aboutthe future life. Each was a candid trait of hisnature. Life to him was not one type of activityto the exclusion of others. It was all the activities that give genuine expression to any frac-64 UNIVERSITY RECORDtion of human endowment. The only factor inthe economy of life which he obstinately undervalued was rest. One of the most pathetic regrets that he expressed during the last weeks ofhis life was that he had wasted so much time !Aside from the scant ration of sleep that heallowed himself, his recuperation was usuallychange of effort. Even when he was most completely off duty and out of the harness, he wasalways making preliminary motions for the nextundertaking. In his most playful moods one feltthat under the surface he was busy runningdown clues to new ideas. Tireless action, bothphysical and mental, was his normal state. Hiscuriosity never ceased to be almost childishlynaive and persistent. He had an omniverousappetite for new experiences, and so long asthey afforded fresh points of contact with human interests he made no arbitrary distinctionsbetween them. In a southern city he wouldtake as much trouble to hunt out the quaintestsurvivals of negro religious traits as he wouldin St. Petersburg to get an audience with theczar, or in his own study to test a theory oftextual interpretation.He was an unspoiled boy in the perpetualyouth of his enthusiasms. The memorandumbook that was his constant vade mecum washeaded "Things to do." Those things crowdedupon each other like arriving and departingtrains at a great terminal. If necessary for itssuccess he could always be as eager about eachitem in its turn as though his all were stakedupon it.One is tempted at every point to say: "Thistrait was the key to President Harper's character." The wiser second thought is that hischaracter was the key to his characters. Fewpersonalities have been less the consequence ofa predominating trait. A little analysis of hischaracteristics, whether the more or the lessobvious, discovers that each was both cause andeffect of all the rest. The words "poise" and "balance" carry associations with colder, lessardent natures. They suggest a fixed equilibrium of motives. President Harper's personality was rather a perpetual transformation ofenergy.A cartoon in which his friends would recognize lifelike features might be drawn in termseither of his enthusiasm, his imagination, hishopefulness or his prudence, his patience orhis caution. The sketch would nevertheless bea caricature, unless it suggested all his otherqualities, and conveyed the impression that eachwas a function of every other. He was not onlyhopeful because he was imaginative and enthusiastic, but he was cautious and prudent andpatient for the same reason. Instead of thewords poised and balanced, we approach thereality only with such words as unified, centered, correlated.While President Harper was not a man ofone commanding trait or of one dominant idea,his sharply contrasted traits and his widely variant ideas found their principle of coherence inan inclusive moral conception. Years ago one ofhis friends accused him of indifference to the interests of individuals if they stood in the wayof results. In the closing days of his life, whenhe was frankly expressing his inmost thoughtsabout the past, and of the great change just atv hand, he said three things which contain theproper reply to that charge. He spoke withearnest deliberation, and with apology for theegotism of his confidence. It impressed thosewho heard it as an utterly sincere report of themost searching self-examination. The first remark was: "All this time I have never reallydoubted for a moment that Providence had selected me to do a work that no one else couldhave done under the circumstances." The second was : "I have tried to think whether I haveever really wronged anybody. I have donethings that hurt people, but it was either unintentionally, or because I believed it was neces-UNIVERSITY RECORD 65sary to act as I did. I cannot remember that Ihave ever willingly done harm to anybody/'When he was reminded that he had intentionally done good to many hundreds of persons, atgreat expense to himself, he did not disclaimit, but treated it as a matter of course, in consequence of his central thought. In another conversation, a few days later, he said to twofriends, "I have always felt that both of youwere too much inclined to say severe thingsabout other men's weak side. I have tried mybest to make the most of the good side of everybody."President Harper's outlook upon life may bepretty fairly indicated by use of these landmarks. Life presented itself to him in terms ofwork to be done. It was not his way to sumthis work up in abstract ideas. He thought ofit rather in definite details and in concretepictures. The words which seemed to serve himbest as signs of his largest purposes were"democracy" and "education." By "democracy"he meant all the progress through which humanpossibilities will at last be realized. "Education" represented to him the special division ofprogress and means to progress through whichhis personal efforts for democracy must bemade. What other men, and he himself sometimes, would mean by such phrases as "thekingdom of God" or "the divine plan" tookmore practical shape in his mind, for workingpurposes, in these two words, "democracy" and"education." All his physical and mental andmoral force converged upon work for theseends. All that he thought and did was withreference to them. The idea of a "far-off divineevent" inspired him only when it fell within theperspective of these principal and secondaryconceptions. The scheme of work that tookshape in his mind in view of these two conceptions was his final test of value. Nothing wastrivial enough to be ignored, if it could be enlisted for education and democracy. Nothing was important enough to be tolerated, if it wasinconsistent with these ends.President Harper's attitude toward men andthings was a consistent reflection of his beliefthat they all had a place to fill and a part to perform in human progress. Perhaps his remarkable catholicity is best understood in this connection. He was not merely indulgent towardother men's views, and generous toward theirpart in life, but every man seemed to him tohave a unique sphere for special work. Hiscatholicity was not mere consent to refrain frominterfering with others. It was a habit of idealizing other men's powers and opportunities, andof wishing he could put himself in their placeand do their part for all it was worth. One ofhis most characteristic exclamations was : "HowI wish I could drop everything and give myselfto that !" The catalogue of things about whichdifferent persons have heard him make essentially this expression would include some of themost hopeless and thankless kinds of tasks inschool and church and state. Every thing thatneeded to be done stimulated his ambition to doit. A cynic might call this envy of other workers, and greed to do everything himself. It wassane and contagious sympathy with every part,lesser or greater, that belonged in the wholeharmony of life.In the same light we may best appreciate hisloyalties to persons. Friendship to him wasprimarily partnership in work. Every man appealed to him who was serving a purpose in life,or who seemed to him to have dormant powersavailable for better uses. He wanted no friendships with people who were good for nothing,but every one who was trying to be good forsomething could count on him as a friend."There are great possibilities of good in thatman" was a remark which he made oftener perhaps than any other. It would be a seriouserror to suppose that possible usefulness for hisown purposes was the condition of his friend-66 UNIVERSITY RECORDships. He was drawn to every person who hada will to bring good things to pass. With allsuch he felt himself embarked in a commoncause. If the word "brother" had not droppedout of our idiom, as a form of greeting betweenkindred spirits, few men would have had morefrequent use for it, or in a more hearty sense.Whenever he had once recognized another as aman of good purpose he would have regarded itas treason to a common cause to abate his sym^pathy with him, or to begrudge any assistancewithin his power.It would be another false interpretation toconstrue his loyalties as wholly impersonal.While his central conception of life threw hisfriendships into sharp relief as responsibilitiesto be used, rather than as luxuries to be enjoyed,it would astonish those who saw only hisstrength and self-reliance in action to know howhe cherished friendships for their own sake,how responsive he was to them, how dependenthe was upon them. William Rainey Harper, theman, had a gamut of personal intimacies as wideas the range of action of President Harper, theworker. His devotion to his tasks, not his inclination, restricted his purely personal intercourse.To trace his influence over other men to hiscentral conception of life may seem to contradict the judgment that no single element of hischaracter accounts for the whole. In fact noplausible explanation of President Harper's ability to lead others can be proposed without reaffirming that judgment. Not merely scholars,but business men of many types, interrupted thehabits of a lifetime to see with his eyes, andjudge by his standards, and act in the line ofhis plans. Among scholars and educators, however individual his views, they always commanded attention and exerted influence. Members of his own faculty often reached conclusionsdirectly opposed to his. They may never havewithdrawn or modified the conclusions. Prob ably they would acknowledge without exceptionthat their own estimate of the relative importance of their conclusions always suffered a certain shrinkage when they found that PresidentHarper could not be convinced.No university president has ever assumed amore formidable task of unifying unlike individuals in one faculty. Yet no president hasever been more successful in retaining confidence as a leader, in spite of the most vigorousdissent from specific details of policy and sharpconflicts of academic interests. There is nocredible explanation of all this in his courage,or his enterprise, or his ideality, or in any othersingle trait. Whether the men whom he hasinfluenced have been distinctly conscious of hisown focus of action or not, he could not haveaffected them as he did if he had not been a manof finely modulated motives, of strictly organized energies, and of accurately adjusted aims.Method alone could not have achieved this result. His method was merely the active formof his fundamental view of life.In all this we have observed President Harper's real religion. It was dedication, notdogma. He took for granted the simple Christian elements that he had learned in childhood,but for him their sum and substance was theduty and the joy of work. To him religionmeant the best work in his power for all thegood causes he could promote. The impulse ofreligion rather than a theory of it, was the constant undercurrent of his life. The year ofphysical decline was a period of eminent spiritual growth. It began during his visit to Lake-wood, N. J., in the spring of 1905, and was inprogress as long as his mind was clear.It was growth through intense mental struggle.He called in friends who had worked with himfor years, and had never entertained a doubt ofthe essentials of his faith, to help him find hisown solution for the ultimate religious problems. He said he had not been prepared to be-UNIVERSITY RECORD 67lieve that his personality could be so revolutionized. The occupations of his past life hadcome to seem relatively trivial, and he wantedto adjust himself to the larger interests thatwere now foremost. In the talks that followedhe studied the new situation as methodicallyand frankly as though it had been the routinebusiness of a university committee. He returned time and again to this point of departure :"I am not a philosopher, and never could be.Leave out all the philosophy and all the theology, and help me get a plain man's view ofwhat I really think about God, and the futurelife, and my own personal relations to JesusChrist."After the struggle was over, and the talks hadbecome surveys of results, or meditations uponwhat they meant for himself and others, he wasasked : "How do you account for your completecalmness and freedom from problems before theoperation a year ago, when you understood thatthe chances of recovery were only one in twenty,and the conflict that you have gone throughsince ?" He answered instantly, "Why, I neverhad time to think these things through before.I could only do my work. In the last year therehas been plenty of time to think."But this change was after all a spiritual revaluation and affirmation of what he had beendoing all his life. It brought out more pronounced desire for fellowship with Christ thanhe had been conscious of before, and it promptedhim to express severer judgments upon hisfaults than his friends would accept. In effect,however, it was merely the mental and moralmaturing of the faith that had controlledthrough life. Its main points were simple andunequivocal: God, the spirit of life, manifestedin the whole visible universe; the individual soul ; Jesus, "the way, the truth, and the life,"the most intimate revelation of the nature ofGod and the destiny of the soul ; the parable ofthe Prodigal Son, as the deepest disclosure ofthe relation of God to his children. He wasperfectly clear in his conclusion that the ultimate test of his relations with God is not abalancing of the good against the evil that hehad done, nor reliance upon any scheme of propitiation, but simply the question of fact,whether, as the total outcome of his experience,his heart was set on knowing as much of thedivine purpose as he could learn, and on devoting himself to it with all his powers. Withperfectly calm contemplation of death as immediately at hand, he said, "I have no idea whatthe activities of the next stage of existence willbe like, but I have less hesitation about takingthe next step into the future than I had aboutleaving Yale and coming to Chicago."One of President Harper's lieutenants hasbeen associated with him a great many timeswhen he had escaped from the routine and therestraint of his professional duties. He hasbeen with him in distant cities, both in thiscountry and in Europe. He has seen him making a business of relaxation as intensely as hemade a business of work, and under conditionswhich granted him the largest freedom fromobservation. He has seen him do a great manythings that, considered by themselves, wouldfairly be classed as frivolous. He has never, ina single instance, known President Harper todo an act, or to utter a word, which, either atthe moment or in the retrospect, could justly bepronounced a compromise of his dignity. Heinvariably held himself subject to instant self-control when the moment arrived for a seriousattitude. In work and in play he was a sincereand consistent Christian gentleman.UNIVERSITY RECORDWILLIAM RAINEY HARPER: AN APPRECIATIONBY SHAILER MATHEWSProfessor of Systematic TheologyUnless a teacher, like the late Master ofBaliol, possesses some idiosyncrasy or abilityto make bonmots, his life does not possess thesort of material with which biographies generally abound. He may accomplish great things,but his life lacks dramatic elements.William Rainey Harper furnishes no exception to this generalization. Few stories concerning him float about the campus of any institution where he has taught. He had no personal peculiarities to start the legend-makingprocess, and in all his published works thereis hardly a sentence which can be detachedfrom its context for the purpose of quotation.On the rare occasions in which he talked freelyconcerning his early life, his recollections dealtalmost exclusively with struggles to found aninstitution or journal, and beyond an occasionaland characteristically modest reference to hisown share in the work, were impersonal. Inhis reminiscences, as in his daily life, he wasabsorbed in causes, not in himself.This self-sacrificing, corporate ambition,anyone who knew him at all well recognized ashis great and dominant trait. To personal advantages he was indifferent. He might havedied a comparatively rich man, if he had savedthe money he gave to causes to which he haddevoted himself. He had enough success inhis life to furnish self-conceit for a dozen ordinary men, but to the very end he was assimple as a clean-hearted boy. Even those whocriticised his methods and policies never suspected him of self-seeking.It is a long way between a boy of nineteen,principal of a Masonic college somewhere inKentucky, and the creator of a great univer-1 Reprinted from the Sunday School Times ofJanuary 20, 1906. sity. The thirty years which made Dr. Harper's public life were full of growth andachievements, and make a much longer careerlook insignificant. No man ever depended lessupon "influence." Utterly unknown when hebegan life, he had to conquer friendships ashe conquered circumstances.President Harper had essentially a creativemind. As an administrator pure and simplehe was equaled by many men, but as a manof creative imagination balanced with executiveability, in my opinion he is unequaled amongthe great educators of today. As time passeshis significance will be seen to lie in that whichwas original with himself. Other men haveachieved great success in developing existinginstitutions, or in following inherited lines ofaction. Dr. Harper was a pioneer who madea splendid thoroughfare of a trail he had himself blazed. He originated study by correspondence. He founded three theological journals. He made popular Bible study a nationalmovement. He made university extension anintegral part of collegiate education. He systematized the inductive method in the study oflanguages. He was the founder of the Religious Education Association. If he did not invent, he built into genuine educational significance, the summer sessions of our great universities. On broad lines, whatever is essentially characteristic of the University of Chicago is due to him. The least acquaintancewith the educational world will show what thiscold statement of facts means. Any one ofthese achievements would have given nationalsignificance to another man.The world at large thinks of him most of allas the President of the University of Chicago.Although we are too close to him as yet to getUNIVERSITY RECORD 69his true perspective, it is probable that as President he will be longest known. But he wasalso one of the foremost Semitic scholars inthe world. There is no president of any university of any considerable size who is in hisclass as an original investigator. With the exception of one or two collections of essays, hiswritings are essentially those of a specialist.Treatises on Hebrew grammar and syntaxmade his early reputation, but he lived longenough to complete the finest piece of work onAmos and Hosea ever produced in English, ifnot in any language. Teaching and scholarlypursuits served him as a tonic and an inspiration. He was holding two professorships atYale when he was called to Chicago. Hetaught as much, if not more, than any otherman on his faculty. For years, in addition totwo or three regular courses during the week,he taught a Sunday morning class composedlargely of undergraduates. I never saw himso enthusiastic as after one of these Sundaymorning sessions, for above all else he lovedto teach the Bible to college students. He didnot believe it was the business of the teacherto impose his opinions upon his students, andchose to set before them the various possiblepositions. But one could not avoid the inspiration of the born teacher.As a teacher of the Bible, he could appealnot only to special students, but to the rankand file. There are few professors of biblicalsubjects under fifty in the United States whohave not been members of his classes. They donot all agree with his positions, but, they allrecognize their debt to him as a teacher andfriend. His power over an audience whentalking upon biblical subjects was somethinghard to analyze. He never was a popularspeaker, as such speakers go, and yet in Chau-tauquas, in lecture courses, in addresses, inclubs, in churches, and in religious gatherings,his exposition of the Bible was something that could never be forgotten. More than any otherman I ever knew, his method of thought wascontrolled by biblical concepts. Who otherthan he would have thought of founding aphilosophy of education on the distinction between the priest, the prophet, and the sage?I knew him best on his biblical side, but myduties constantly brought me into contact withhim in the region of administration. As anyone who had any dealings with him knows, hehad extraordinary powers of analysis and association. There never was a man more intentto get hold of general principles and tocarry them out analytically. It was anotherillustration of his many-sidedness. As ascholar he was inductive; as an administratorhe was deductive. This power led him in theearly days of the University to undertake workin regions which would be surprising to anyone who knew him only as an authority inSemitics. For years there was practically nodetail in the management of the Universitythat was not controlled or determined by him.From the general plans of a building to thestyle of type in a convocation program his willwas final. Yet he was never arrogant. In hiscreative moods he was singularly susceptibleto suggestion. To work with him at suchtimes was almost intoxicating. One sharedin his exuberant vitality and enthusiasm. Oneof the charms of an hour's conversation withhim was that, no matter how great the pressuremight be upon him from many duties, he neverseemed to be hurried, but was always ready torun off with almost boyish eagerness into anysubject suggested by the main matter underdiscussion. Such excursions seldom failed toresult in some suggestion for later consideration, and to be jotted down in one of the smallred notebooks all of us came to know so well.And what is more, one always knew that anysuggestion that was worth while would ultimately bring results. Though it might lie in70 UNIVERSITY RECORDthe President's mind for months, it would someday reappear as a part of a far-reaching plan.He had singular capacity to estimate the realvalue of men and opinions, but he was alwaysanxious to have men disagree with him, atleast for investigative purposes. In fact, itwas rather a favorite way of his to ask thosewhom he took into private conference to raisesome obection to his opinions, or to answer himas he raised objections to something to whichhe was favorable. A more appreciative mannever lived. If one were to look for the secretof his extraordinary success in the Universityof Chicago, one item would be found in President Harper's ability to induce men of wideexperience in various fields of activity to givehim advice and co-operation. In a truer sensethan any of us yet realize he was the unifyinginfluence in all University affairs. It is a rareman who can at once initiate, co-operate, andunify.But he was something more than a mereeducational Napoleon, as somebody once calledhim. He was a great and many-sided man.During his year of suffering it was this wethought of most. The tragedy and pathos ofhis fate brough into relief the man rather thanthe official. His vitality and power of workhad seemed almost supernatural. It was this,perhaps, as much as anything, that made menfeel they had every right to attack him and hismethods. While he himself had never engaged in controversy, he had seemed so abundantly able to take care of himself that menthe country over had not hesitated to treathim as a worthy foeman. But when the tragedyof his life broke upon him, the acrimony ofcriticism and one-sided controversy was sweptaway in an inundation of love. Men who haddiffered with him honestly and vigorouslyprayed for him. When last February he wentto the hospital, the entire country was in spirit at his bedside. As one of his colleagues said,he was enswathed with affection.And all this affection was justified. Hisspontaneity of sympathy, his singular capacityto do graceful and kindly acts, his power ofbinding friends to himself, was extraordinary.A strong man is apt to be ruthless, and President Harper had tremendous strength of will.But he never meant to be unkind. His position forced him to hold in his hand the fateof hundreds of lives. Sometimes he acted toall appearances autocratically, but at heart hewas a democrat of democrats^ He could nottreat a human being impersonally. I have seenhim sick at heart after he had been forced tomake some decision which cut into anotherman's hopes. His sympathies were limitless.He stole moments from his crowded life to callupon sick students and stricken families. Menwent to him in trouble as they would go to noone else. To injure him was to insure generous treatment. He forgot enmities, and heremembered friendships. Up to the very lasthe wrote little notes of appreciation and suggestions to all of us. Great as a scholar,greater as a president, he was greatest as afriend.In fact, no man ever had a larger capacityfor making friends than President Harper.There are men throughout the country whohave been members of his classes, and someeven who have met him seldom, who thinkthey were peculiarly his intimates. And thesemen knew him in a great variety of relations. The members of the National Education Association knew him in one capacity, thefaculty of the University in another, biblicalstudents in another, his classes in another, andmen of affairs in still another. It is doubtfulwhether more than two or three men ever gotto know him in all his capacities. The eagerness with which he welcomed a new interestmade it difficult for its representative to realizeUNIVERSITY RECORD 71that he was only one among many to feel hiscordial and unaffected sympathy. I have talkedwith him on many subjects, but the more Iknew him the more I saw there was to know.Back of all this variety of great powerswhich made President Harper more than amerely versatile man and more than a meregenius, was a genuine and profound religiousfaith. He never was a theologian, and hisfaith was in many ways untouched by philosophy. If I were to characterize it, I should sayit was essentially biblical. He was both consciously and unconsciously controlled by theBible. In the storm and stress of his manifoldlife, there was always a unifying faith in God.He did not wear his religion on his sleeve, butany man could touch it if he wished. No student in religious difficulty was ever denied aconference. How far his influence was exertedover the young men and women with whom heworked it would be hard to estimate, but downamong the very elemental motives of hissoul was the desire to bring the Bible to everybody. There are some things too sacredto put in writing, but there is many a man whoknows what it is to have found in his wordsand influence a new grip upon faith in God.As simple as a child in his public prayers, hewas "*s elemental as a child in his religiouslife. Never dodging a difficulty or fearing toface a mystery, he has left us the memory of afaith in God and immortality which was asdistinct and as controlling in his life as wasany element of his educational policy.In these moments, when the sense of loss isstill acute, one dares not trust one's self tospeak of him too intimately. The recollectionof a year of heroic suffering, in which dutieswere never forgotten and the kindly offices ofaffection and love never neglected, is too sacredto bear disclosure. It is enough to remembernow his splendid life and its achievements, and,above all, to believe as he himself believed, thathis magnetic, creative, masterful soul is nowtaking up new duties in a better life.72 UNIVERSITY RECORDTHE PERSONAL RELIGION OF WILLIAM RAINEY HARPERBY ERNEST DE WITT BURTONHead of the Department of New Testament Literature and InterpretationWilliam Rainey Harper was born in 1856 inNew Concord, Ohio. His parents, SamuelHarper and Ellen Elizabeth Rainey Harper,were active and devout members of the UnitedPresbyterian church in New Concord. Hisfather, a graduate of Muskingum College, located in New Concord, kept a general store,and was the treasurer of the college.From early childhood William was interestedin books, and most of all in the Bible. Thislatter fact was due in part to the influence ofhis grandmother Rainey, who was a very devoted student of the Bible, and well known forher knowledge of it among the members of hercommunity. Before he could read, the boy delighted to have the Bible read to him, and tooka special interest in a children's Life of Jesus,which he called his "good book." His motherrelates of him that his father's store being nearto the home, he often took his book to hisfather to have him read to him from it in theintervals between the serving of customers. Bysuch reading he learned it largely by heart. Assoon as he could read he began to commit largeparts of the Bible to memory.He entered college when he was ten yearsold, and graduated when he was fourteen, having habitually taken through his course morethan the required amount of work. In the threeyears subsequent to his graduation he remainedat home, acting at salesman in his father's store,and studying languages under a private instructor. As a boy he was unwilling to jointhe church of his parents, but wished to connect himself with the Presbyterian church.From this course he was dissuaded by the advice of his father, who in subsequent years re-1 Reprinted, with modifications, from the Standardof January 20, 1906. gretted having influenced him in this direction.These years immediately following his graduation from college were not years of distinctreligious growth. The energies of the youthwere insufficiently employed, and to some extent the result usual in such cases ensued inthis also.At the age of seventeen he went to YaleUniversity, where he received the degree ofdoctor of philosophy just before he was nineteen. After a year's teaching in a college inMacon, Tenn., he came to Granville, Ohio, in1876, having been appointed as an instructorin the preparatory department of DenisonUniversity. Dr. E. B. Andrews was at thattime president; Professor Chandler, now ofthe University of Chicago, was a member of thefaculty; Professor F. J. Miller, a sophomore;and Professor C. F. Castle, a student in theacademy. At this time Dr. Harper attendedthe Presbyterian church and was regarded byall as a man of Christian character and life.But in 1877, after some private conversationwith Professor Chandler and President Andrews, he surprised alike his colleagues andstudents by arising in a college prayer meetingand saying, "I am not a Christian, I am notsure that I know exactly what it is to be aChristian, but I want to be a Christian." Therewas at the time no special religious interestand the step was taken wholly at his own initiative. Professor Castle, who was at this timea student in Dr. Harper's class, was so influenced by the action of his admired instructorthat he also determined to enter upon theChristian life. Dr. Harper and Mr. Castlewere baptized on the same day, Mr. Castle following Dr. Harper.In 1878 the professorship of Hebrew in theBaptist Union Theological Seminary at Mor-UNIVERSITY RECORD 73gan Park became vacant, and Dr. Harper, beingstrongly recommended by President Andrewsand Professor Chandler, and doubtless also byothers, was appointed, and entered upon hisduties in January, 1879. It was at about thistime that he formed that determination which invery large measure shaped the course of allhis remaining years. He recognized it as hismission to devote himself to the study of theBible and the promotion of such study. Inthe latter days of his life he said to his intimate friends: "In all these years I have neverdoubted that God had given me a work to dowhich would go undone if I failed to do it."Coming to Morgan Park, he threw himselfvith all his characteristic energy into teachingin the Theological Seminary and into religiouswork. He filled successively various officesin the church, including those of deacon andsuperintendent of the Sunday school. Of themanifold labors of the years 1879-86 in whichhe remained at Morgan Park, this is not theplace to speak, save to mention the heroismand unselfishness with which he devoted himself to the work to which he felt himself called.Singlehanded and without money, his reputation as yet unmade, he toiled night and dayat his tasks. It was in these years that hefounded the Institute of Hebrew, which afterwards became the Institute of Sacred Literature, and began his correspondence school,and established the Hebrew Student, and He-braica, the former becoming subsequently theBiblical World and the latter the Journal ofSemitic Languages. In 1886 he was called toYale to the professorship of Semitic languages,to which was added in 1889 the Woolsey professorship of Biblical Literature. Throughoutthese years he was engaged not only in thework of his professorship, but at Chautauquain teaching and the building up of the Chautauqua system, in the editing of the Old Testament Student and Hebraica, in the writing of articles and books, and in lecturing upon theBible in colleges and before large audiences inPhiladelphia, New York, New Haven, Boston,and elsewhere.In 1 89 1 he was elected president of the newUniversity of Chicago. He hesitated to acceptthe office, not seeing at once how he could doso consistently with that former unrevokedand irrevocable devotion of his life to Biblestudy. Only when he became convinced thatas president of the new university he could domore to promote the study of the Bible on thepart of the people than by remaining as professor at Yale, did he obtain his own consent tothe acceptance of the presidency. Let it not besupposed that he ever for a moment intendedto make the presidency a mere instrument forthe advancement of Bible study; rather was ifhis conviction that, while discharging the dutiesof the presidency for which his past experiencehad convinced him that he had competency, hecould from the vantage ground of the presidency, do more for the promotion of Bible studythan in the less advantageous position of a college professorship. During the nearly fifteenyears in which he was president of the University he threw himself with all his unparalleledforce and enthusiasm into the tasks which thepresidency brought him and the opportunitieswhich it opened to him. But he constantlykept before him that his life-work was to studythe Bible and to promote the study by others.He often said that if it ever became necessaryto choose between the presidency and his workas a Bible teacher, it would be the formed thathe should have to give up. From the strenuous duties of administration he turned for relief and refreshment of spirit to his classroomand his books. And in the days of his lastillness he declared that he would rather haveproduced his volume on Amos and Hosea thanto have achieved all that he had accomplishedthrough his presidency.74 UNIVERSITY RECORDLast September he laid down for the mostpart the active duties of the presidency. Nonewho were present at the University Convocation held September i, will ever forget theimpressive scene when, having resolutely performed all the President's duties through Convocation week, he came to the last exercisesof the Convocation itself, and with voice thatcould not be controlled expressed with characteristic generosity his thanks to the executive officers of the University, and the membersof the Faculty, for their loyal co-operation withhim through the weeks and the months of hisillness. There were some present to whomthe scene had added pathos because, beforeentering upon this series of public presidentialacts which taxed to the utmost his failingstrength, he had expressed to them his determination to go through them all, knowing that itwas the last time.This task done, and his strength rapidly failing, he laid aside as far as possible alike hisscholarly and his administrative tasks, andturned all the energy of his trained mind, stillclear and unclouded, to the consideration of thegreat problems of personal religion : sin and itsforgiveness, fellowship with God, the place ofJesus Christ in religion, the hope of eternal life.He called his friends about him, first that theymight help him in his thinking, for he alwaysloved companionship in thought and work, andthen that he might impart to them the results ofhis own thought. He brought to bear upon allthese great problems the same earnestness,openness of mind, persistence, and courage withwhich he had attacked in his previous days theproblem of the teaching of Hebrew, the founding of a journal, the building up of a university.Some day the surpassingly interesting story ofthese last days ought to be told. Now it mustsuffice to state a few of the results of his thinking which he shared as freely with his friendsas he had freely invited their help. His personal faith in Jesus became clearer andstronger than ever before. This faith was notsomething new. His interest in Jesus Christbegan before he could read. As a child thestory of Jesus was his "good book." Thisfaith was renewed and emphasized when inearly manhood he expressed the determinationto become a Christian, and subsequently connected himself with the Christian church.Though he rarely spoke of it in public, it wasknown to the few who were nearest to him thatin all these subsequent years, including thoseof his presidency at Chicago, Jesus held a central place in his religious thinking and faith.Only a few months ago in speaking to one ofhis colleagues he strongly deprecated, in language almost impassioned, the adoption of anycourse which should tend to weaken the faithof the people in Jesus. But now this faith ofhis youth and his manhood blossomed forthinto new strength. In one of these late conversations, when his friend had been speaking offellowship with God, or perhaps of the forgiveness of sins, he said : "But now, what of JesusChrist?" And in another conversation, arraigning himself sternly at the bar of conscience, reproving himself for the shortcomings of his lifewith a severity to which his friends could notgive assent, he said, replying to their expression of confidence, that the central purpose ofhis life had always been to do God's will ; "ButI have not lived as close to Jesus Christ as Iought to have done." His religion was distinctly Christian. Though his studies had beenall these years in the Old Testament, his faithwas in God as revealed in Jesus Christ. Hedied as he had lived, not simply a religiousman, but a Christian. This he had been forthirty years at least, this he was pre-eminentlyin his last hours.He laid great stress in his later thought uponihe church. To him it was not enough that oneshould live an isolated Christian life. He be-UNIVERSITY RECORD 75lieved not only in Christ, but in institutionalChristianity. He expressed strongly his conviction that men of religious purpose should gointo the church and take active part in its workand life. In his childhood he had been dissuaded from his wish to unite with a Christianchurch by the advice of his elders. In hisearly manhood he had taken the step whichpreviously he had wished to take, and afterthirty years of singularly rich and broad experience, study of the Bible, and knowledge of menand life, he emphasized even more stronglythan formerly the need of the church, and theduty of Christian men to connect themselveswith it and contribute to its progress.In his last days he sought not only to gainclear thought for himself, but also to impartthis thought helpfully to others. But this wasby no means new. All his days he had been ateacher in spirit and in practice. He had learnedthat he might impart, he had gained that hemight give. He persisted in teaching so long asit was possible for him to reach his classroom.On the Sunday preceding the Convocation Dayabove referred to, he taught his Sunday morning bible class at the University, and added tothe series of difficult tasks in the week following the meeting of his regular class on the daybefore his last Convocation. And when atlength, confined by the relentless progress of hisdisease to his bed, wrestling himself with problems of religion, he gathered about that bed hisfamily and friends to give to them each newthought and conviction that he had gained inhis hours of quiet reflection. Remarkably free throughout his life fromself-seeking, he was to the last characteristicallyself-forgetful.In his last days his thoughts turned to the lifebeyond. In previous years he had given muchstudy to the subject of conceptions of the futurelife among ancient peoples, and especially inthe Bible. The life after death was the subjectof his last classroom instruction, and in thehours of his last illness the question took on forhim a new personal significance. But characteristically the thing for which he longed was notrest, but work. Calling four of his friends ofmany years about his bed less than two weeksbefore he died, he asked them to pray with him,adding, "Let us not be formal, let us be simple."And when each of them had prayed briefly, healso offered a prayer in words of utter simplicity and childlike yet masculine faith.Among the sentences of that prayer was this:"And may there be for me a life beyond this life,and in that life may there be work to do, tasksto accomplish." And he closed the prayer withthe words, "And this I ask in the name ofJesus Christ." The prayer of his last dayswas the prayer of his life — more work to do,tasks still to accomplish.Amid all the diversity of his life's tasks thatlife itself was one of unity and continuity.These final expressions, cherished by his friendsas a precious heritage, were but the blossomingforth at the last of what had been presentthroughout all the years.76 UNIVERSITY RECORDWILLIAM RAINEY HARPER, BIOGRAPHICAL *BY FRANCIS WAY LAND SHEPARDSONDean of the Senior CollegesWilliam Rainey Harper was born in New three years, pursuingConcord, Muskingum County, Ohio, July 26,1856, son of Samuel and Ellen Elizabeth(Rainey) Harper. He was the great grandsonof Robert Harper, who came from Ireland withhis wife, Janet, in 1795, and settled among theScotch-Irish people of Western Pennsylvania,from which place his son Samuel removed toa farm two miles north of New Concord, Ohio,where the family made its home about 1848,when Samuel, the grandson and father of President Harper, settled in the village near by.The Rainey family also came from Ireland, atfirst locating in New York, but later making ahome in Cambridge, Ohio, not far from NewConcord. From this strong Scotch-Irish stockPresident Harper received his natural equipment.His education was begun in Muskingum College, the United Presbyterian school in his native place, when he was eight years old. Thecurriculum then covered six years, two of thempreparatory and the usual four collegiate. Hepursued his studies without intermission until1870, when, at the age of fourteen, he wasgraduated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts.As the college primarily was a school of preparation for those who intended to enter the ministry of the United Presbyterian Church, thestudy of the Bible in Hebrew as well as in theEnglish was a prominent feature of the work.The proficiency of the useful student in theformer was so marked that, when he was graduated, he delivered his oration in Hebrew, andthe work in the Bible while in cpllege probablyhad more to do with the shaping: of his life thanhe or his friends imagined #iiie time.After graduation he remained at home for1 Reprinted from the Standard of January 20, 1906. favorite studies, andthen, in the autumn of 1873, he entered YaleUniversity, where he became an earnest student of philology under Prof. William D wightWhitney, an instructor for whom he alwayscherished great respect. Completing this period of graduate study, he received the degreeof doctor of philosophy in 1875, being thennineteen years old. Soon after he married MissEllen Paul, daughter of Rev. David Paul, D. D.,the president of Muskingum College, and thenbecame principal of the Masonic College in Macon, Tenn. The next year he was called to become a tutor in the preparatory department ofDenison University at Granville, Ohio.The acceptance of this position at Granvillewas an epoch-making event in his life. Hefound himself an officer under the wonderfullyinspiring leadership of the president of- Denison,E. Benjamin Andrews. He found a small groupof earnest and devoted instructors, anxiousalike for the intellectual and the spiritual upliftof their equally earnest students. He examinedcarefully the principles of the Baptist faith andbecame a member of the Baptist church in Granville. In the class room he proved an excellentdrill-master, enlisting the interest of his studentsin a marked degree, and arousing their ambitions in such a way as to secure great results,both in the quantity of work done and in thethoroughness in matters of detail. The zeal displayed by him, with this attendant enthusiasmamong the students, led to his selection as principal of the preparatory department, which hehad set apart from the college proper under thename, Granville Academy. President Andrewsand he worked together in harmony, devisingnew methods and securing results from theirstudents which made every student of either, aUNIVERSITY RECORD 77lifelong friend. It was a matter of deepest regret to every one in Granville that a higherwork called him away, when, in 1879, on tnerecommendation of President Andrews, he became professor of Hebrew and cognate languages in the Baptist Union Theological Seminary at Morgan Park, 111.At this time two educational notions seemto have been firmly rooted in his mind; onethe belief in the value of the inductive methodof teaching languages, and the other a determination to awaken fresh interest in the study ofHebrew by means of instruction by correspondence methods. With great vigor he devoted himself to these ideas, planning and becoming the joint author of an extended seriesof Latin, Greek, and English textbooks on theinductive plan, at the same time publishing aseries of text-books in Hebrew, organizing Hebrew correspondence methods and Hebrew summer schools, and editing a periodical called theHebrew Student To awaken interest in a deadlanguage like Hebrew was no easy task, andthere was required an expenditure of largesums of money in the printing and circulationof literature connected with the work. Theneeded funds were secured at great personalsacrifice, many an outlay for personal gratification being denied for the sake of advancingthe interests of the cause to which he had givenhis heart.He enlisted the co-operation of many whocontributed money in small and large amounts,and who also suggested to him that therewere many other thoughtful persons whowould encourage any plan for the more systematic study of the Bible. The result was abroadening of the scope of the Hebrew Correspondence School by the organization of theAmerican Institute of Hebrew, this again beingsucceeded by the American Institute of SacredLiterature, which, perhaps, more than any othersingle agency, has had influence in extending a knowledge of the Bible, and the experience ofwhich laid the foundations broad and deep forthe Religious Education Association. For yearsDr. Harper carried on the work of promulgation, not alone through the correspondenceschools and the Hebrew Student, but also bymeans of Bible lectures, delivered in variousparts of the country, which made his namefamiliar to all those specially interested in Biblestudy. While teaching at Morgan Park hegave inspiration to many students, who werestirred by his earnestness, aroused by his tireless energy, and encouraged by his friendlyspirit.The natural outcome of the interest in homestudy under direction and in summer schoolswas his connection with the Chautauqua System.In 1885 he was made principal of the Chautauqua College of Liberal Arts and six years laterprincipal of the entire system, maintaining thisrelationship until 1898. The year after beginningthe Chautauqua work he received and accepteda call to become professor of the Semitic languages in Yale University. In this wider field heagain stirred his students to great enthusiasm,and by means of his public lectures in New Haven, New York, Boston, Chicago, Minneapolisand other large cities, and at Vassar, Wellesleyand other colleges awakened widespread interestin Bible study. In 1889 he had the great distinction of being elected by the authorities ofYale to the Woolsey Professorship of BiblicalLiterature, thus holding two full professorshipsin the institution at the same time.Before this time, however, he perhaps hadreceived intimation that the great work of hislife was to be done in Chicago, for, in theautumn of 1888, Mr. John D. Rockefeller soughtopportunities of conference with him regardingthe establishment of an institution of learningin this city to replace on surer foundationsthe earlier university which had closed its doorsin 1886. The outcome of these conferences was78 UNIVERSITY RECORDMr. Rockefeller's declaration in November,1888: "I am prepared to say that I am readyto put several hundred thousand dollars into aninstitution in Chicago." The next two yearswere filled with work for the new institution.In everything that was done Dr. Harper wasprominent. He was one of the committee ofnine men who reported upon the scope the newschool should assume. He was a constituentmember of the board of trustees under thecharter of the University, dated June 18, 1890.On September 16, 1890, at the same meeting ofthe board which heard Mr. Rockefeller's letterread announcing a second gift of $1,000,000 tosupplement the former pledge of $600,000, Dr.Harper was unanimously and enthusiasticallyelected president of the University of Chicago.In February following he accepted the positionand promised to begin his active duties on July1, 1891.TV^ frsrnrv of the jr^titiitinii sinrP tW A?+eis largely the biography of President Harper.Every building bears his imprint, every detailof educational policy has been worked out underhis watchful eye, every instructor has receivedappointment upon his recommendation ; the University is his lasting memorial. It is too earlyto attempt final estimate of President Harper'swork in connection with the institution, but itis interesting to note how earlier experiencesinfluenced him in the organization of the University. It is instructive to see how his lifeculminated here. It is helpful to observe howthe hand of God seems to have led him to Biblestudy in the little church college of his boyhood,to Yale to gain inspiration from a great specialist, to Granville to find connection with theBaptist denomination and the friendship and encouragement of President Andrews, to MorganPark for a wider outlook and for associationwith Dr. Northrup and his able helpers, to theChautauqua connection with its thousands ofmembers, and then back to Yale for the ma- turer acquaintance with university work whichshould prepare him for his task of the nearfuture.One of the features of the new University ofChicago was the University Extension Divisionwhose three-fold plan of instruction by meansof lecture-studies, by class-studies, in afternoon and evening, and by correspondence-studies, was in large measure only the developmentof previously accepted ideas, thoroughly triedby him, and in whose efficiency he firmly believed. In like manner the Hebrew Student^which differentiated itself in time into Hebraica,a journal given more strictly to the linguisticside, and into the Old Testament Student^.which dealt with the literary element, mayhave suggested the publication in connectionwith the University of a series of journals, eachdevoted to a special department and designedto furnish fresh contributions to a particularbranch of investigation. Among the first ofthese was the Biblical World, showing in itsnew name the widening scope of the work, andserving as a type of many such expansions.which came to President Harper as the University grew in wealth, in schools and colleges,and in power.During the fourteen years of intense activity in connection with the development andgrowth of the University, President Harpermade his influence felt in many outside channels. In Chautauqua circles, as a member ofthe Board of Education of .Chicago,- as a primemover and first secretary of the Association ofAmerican Universities, as one of the inner groupof the National Education Association, as thepractical founder of the Religious EducationAssociation, as adviser in connection with theestablishment of Lewis Institute in Chicagoand the Bradley Polytechnic Institution inPeoria, as a member of several of the prominent clubs of this city, as superintendent andchief inspiration of the Hyde Park Baptist Sun-UNIVERSITY RECORD 73day school — in a thousand ways he shared thebusy life of the age, and gave what of good hecould for the uplifting of his fellow men.In the University he always taught moreclasses than the ordinary rules suggested, andit was one of the trials of his life that his administrative duties so often interfered with hisclass-room work, and especially that men shouldthink of him primarily as an administrator instead of as a scholar and teacher. It thereforewas peculiarly gratifying to him, when somebook came from the press which revealed thescholarly work he had been doing even whenburdened with the heaviest administrative demands upon his time and strength. Forced bythe position he held to give much time to public functions, he loved his personal friends andwas never happier than when in the midst ofhis own family. A tireless worker himself hetrained a corps of assistants who gained in spiration from him and tried to help him inthe realization of his ideals for the University.No greater testimonial could be his than themanifest spirit of loyalty to his ideas that prevails among the University Faculty and in thestudent body.A wonderfully magnetic and inspiring teacher, a trained scholar and specialist, a masterfuladministrator, a patriotic and active citizen,a man of warm personal friendships, a lovinghusband and father, a hero of industry, President Harper filled full the record of his lessthan fifty years of life. It is hard to realizethat he is dead. It is certain that though heis dead his spirit will be felt for years in thelives of those he has influenced, in the ideas andideals he has cherished and inculcated, in thegreat university which for ages "beneath thehope-filled western skies" will tell of his successful labors for the good of humanity.80 UNIVERSITY RECORDPRESIDENT HARPER AS ADMINISTRATOR1BY NATHANIEL BUTLERDean of the College of EducationL In the early days of the University, Dr. Harper told me that he resolutely withstood everytemptation to consult catalogues and descriptive circulars of other institutions in forminghis plans for the new university. He did thismerely that he might keep his mind open forthe best things that could be devised, that thenew institution might fulfil its peculiar mission.This is an illustration of the method of the manin all his work. Whether in matters pedagogical or administrative, he followed the methodof induction. He sought to look steadily at allthe conditions involved in his problem, not forthe purpose of asking first of all what others insimilar situations had done, but to see first of allwhat was true, suitable, fitting to the case inhand. On the administrative side he was, therefore, infinitely more than a mere executive. Henot only had wonderful power to bring thingsto pass, but his very life was in devising, creating, and organizing. The expression so frequently heard in the last few days that the University itself will be Dr. Harper's great andeverlasting monument, can be rightly understood only in the light of a knowledge of thistrait.Without doubt Dr. Harper is best known, andwill always be best known to the world at large,as an administrator. Probably there are not inthe world ten men who are his equals in thisrespect. Neverthless, the assertion that hismemory will be preserved chiefly by this awakens in those who knew him best a sort of resentment. To us it seems to leave out of accountthe greatest and most essential qualities of theman, qualities without which he could not havebeen the great administrator that he was. Noman could achieve what he did merely by skill2 Reprinted from the Standard of January 20, 1906. as an organizer and as an executive in the ordinary sense. "We will do whatever the President asks," has been a familiar phrase on theuniversity quadrangles, not because the University has been presided over by an autocrat,but because it has had at its head a man whoinvariably inspired profound affection and entire confidence. The secret of Dr. Harper'sgreatness and power is to be found in the"personality" of the man, in those traits thatinspire absolute and grateful loyalty. He waswithout doubt a great man. great as a scholar,as a teacher, and as an organizer. But he wasgreat as an organizer because he put into thatwork those qualities of marvelous insight,personal and contagious inspiration, and unfailing kindliness, which won for him the devoted service of all about him.All this is meant when it is said by any onewho knew Dr. Harper that he will be remembered chiefly because of his genius as an administrator. Of him the word genius may be advisedly used. He had the extraordinary insight, that invariable mark of genius, whichmade him fertile in resources, for devisingeither some new and better way of doing whathad been done before, or some newer and betterthing than had ever been done before. He was,as I have already said, an innovator, but neverfor the mere sake of innovation. What he proposed always justified itself, and although atthe beginning of the University the new schemeswere projected with almost bewildering rapidity, the surprise of their newness and theirrapidity was lost in admiration at the harmonywith which they worked together for -good.Dr. Harper's organization and administrationwas his very own.By a sort of natural selection Dr. HarperUNIVERSITY RECORD 81from the beginning of his career selected fieldsof activity that seem especially to have developed his qualities as a leader. As principal ofan academy, at Granville, Ohio, as professor ofHebrew and Old Testament exegesis in theseminary at Morgan Park, as organizer of theAmerican Institute of Hebrew, as principal ofthe Chautauqua College of Liberal Arts, as professor of Semitic languages and biblical literature at Yale University, he exhibited on the onehand his rare abilites as a scholar and as ateacher, and on the other his genius as an organizer. In 1890 he took up the task of organizing the University of Chicago, having servedhis apprenticeship and bringing from his experience the fullness of power which made possible the results with which all the world isfamiliar.It would not be appropriate to undertake aminute analysis of the illustrations of his administrative ability as shown in the organization of the University of Chicago. Two orthree examples of it are, however, pertinent.Among the provisions which his insightshowed him to be necessary in order to meetmore completely than heretofore the need of thepeople for higher education, was that of theextension of teaching beyond the universitypremises. The idea of university extension didnot originate with President Harper, but hesaw, as no one else had seen, its possibilitiesfor American students and communities, and hereorganized this form of teaching accordingly.University instruction was given to classesformed in various parts of Chicago; lecturecourses by university men were made possiblein any locality desiring them; correspondenceinstruction in a great variety of university subjects was promised. As a matter of fact, theclass organizations have developed into theUniversity College in the heart of the city. Thelecture courses have been given in closelyneighboring centers, literally from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and members of the UniversityFaculties, through correspondence, are instructing students in every part of the world, in subjects ranging from oriental literature and philosophy to manual training. The organizationof this work as effected by Dr. Harper hasgiven the University of Chicago a whollyunique position among the universities of theworld.The President was quick to perceive anotheropportunity for rendering a larger service tostudents in the organization of continuous sessions. It was announced -that the Universitywould offer its courses, in full throughout theentire year. This has been a great boon toyoung men and women. A few weeks more orless are frequently of vital significance to astudent. The opportunity to take up courses ofstudy at the beginning of any quarter and ofcontinuing, if need be, during four quarters of ayear, has saved to many young men and womenneeded money and priceless time, and has determined in their favor the securing of important positions in life. The summer quarter hasbeen of incalculable benefit to literally thousands of students and teachers. In the continuous sessions, and in the summer quarter, Dr.Harper led the way, and many of the strongestand oldest universities in the country have, sofar as they could, followed in his steps.It was inevitable that Dr. Harper shouldnever be satisfied until the University was soorganized as to present a continuous and closelycompacted educational system from the beginning to the end. As in other instances, so here,he at once combined with the insight of geniusthe ability to realize his conception. Ready tohis hand were the Chicago Institute, underColonel Francis W. Parker; the UniversityLaboratory School, under Dr. John Dewey ; theChicago Manual Training School, conductedby Dr. Henry H. Belfield, and the South SideAcademy, under Principal William B. Owen.82 UNIVERSITY RECORDThere, also, was the royal generosity of Mrs.Emmons Blaine. Out of these elements Dr.Harper created a great School of Education,one of the two higher institutions of thiscountry for the professional training of elementary and secondary school teachers. Withthe incorporation of this school into the university system it is possible for a child to enterits school as a member of the kindergarten and,without ever leaving its classrooms, to pursuehis course until he receives the degree of doctorof philosophy.Continually one comes back to this phrase,"Dr. Harper was a great man." Not only arewe saying this now that he is gone, but wehave said it at any time during the last tenyears. He was great because he brought beneficent things to pass. Mere genius sees visions and dreams dreams. The great man addsto the "vision" the "faculty divine" of expression, utterance, and execution. Dr. Harperwas pre-eminently a creative administrator ofclear ideas and splendid courage.We know nothing of the details of the future life, but we believe that this universe is administered upon a wholly reasonable plan.We cannot doubt that the great abilities of thisman will be brought to bear upon great undertakings elsewhere. We say of him as Tennyson said of Arthur Hallam :Thy leaf has perish' d in the green,But somewhere, out of human view,Whate'er thy hands are set to doIs wrought with tumult of acclaim.And as he was here, so we must believe hewill be in spirit and activity there — a great administrator,One who never turned his back but marched breastforward,Never doubted clouds would break,Never dreamed, though right were worsted, wrongwould triumph,Held we fall to rise, are baffled to fight better,Sleep to wake.No, at noonday, in the bustle of man's work-timeGreet the unseen with a cheer!Bid him forward, breast and back as either should be,"Strive and thrive!" Cry "Speed,— fight on, fare everThere as here!"UNIVERSITY RECORD 83PRESIDENT HARPER AS THE CHRISTIAN SCHOLAR *BY JOHN MERLIN POWIS SMITHOf the Department of Semitic Languages and LiteraturesThe great work of President Harper inoriginating, organizing, and guiding the growthof the University of Chicago has so laid holdof the popular imagination that the fact thathe was a scholar has escaped the minds of manypeople. Yet had he not been a scholar, thevision of a great university could never havecome to him. It was but the outgrowth of hispassion for scholarly ideals and his determination to propagate them to the full extent of hispowers. His scholarly qualifications werewidely recognized before he became a university president, and the assumption of the greattasks and reponsibilities connected with thatoffice did not involve the cessation of his activities as a productive scholar. Nothing but themost ardent and unselfish devotion to scholarlypursuits could have held him fast to his earlyideals in the midst of the turmoil and distractionof his official life. The place occupied by hisstudies during this later period may be learnedfrom the following sentence from the prefaceto his recent commentary on Amos and Hosea:"But in all these years of administrative concern I have had recourse for change, comfort,and courage to my work on the TwelveProphets."The tangible evidence of President Harper'sown productive capacity as a scholar is to befound largely in the columns of Hebraica, atechnical Semitic journal founded by him in1884, while teaching in the seminary at MorganPark, and now published by the University ofChicago Press as the American Journal ofSemitic Languages and Literatures. His mostimportant personal contribution to this journal,1 Reprinted, with slight additions,Standard of January 20, 1906. from the aside from his editoral activity, was a series ofarticles on "The Pentateuchal Question" published in Vols. V-VII (1888-90). These were inthe form of a discussion with the late ProfessorWilliam Henry Green, of Princeton University,then the greatest representative of the traditional view of the Old Testament. Dr. Harper's articles still remain among the mostexhaustive and powerful presentations ofthe evidence for the delimitation of the mainsources in the Pentateuch as they are generallyrecognized by the scholarship of today. Inaddition to this must be mentioned his Amosand Hosea (International Critical Commentary) published in March, 1905, together withits two companion works, The Structure of theText of the Book of Amos, and The Structureof the Text of the Book of Hosea, which appeared about the same time. This commentaryis President Harper's masterpiece, and, withits two subsidiary studies, represents the bestwork of his life. It has received unstintedpraise for its learning in all quarters, and isunhesitatingly described by the most competentto judge as standing abreast of the best scholarship of the age. It is characterized by itsthoroughly scientific method; by the abundanceof materials brought to illustrate and elucidatethe text and interpretation; by the enormousamount of reading it represents and reproduces; by the familiarity it evinces with all thebest work, ancient and modern, upon thesetwo prophets ; by the wide range of the subjectsit includes and treats at length; by lucidity ofexpression; by the great analytical power itshows; by its true interpretative sympathy;and by its independence and soundness ofjudgment. The untimely cessation of this work84 UNIVERSITY RECORDupon the Minor Prophets is a grievous loss toexegetical literature.Not the least important phase of PresidentHarper's career as a scholar was his ability toimpart his own methods and spirit to his students. His enthusiasm was contagious. Hewas no mere dry-as-dust delver into the minesof ancient lore. Contact with his rich and forceful personality enkindled in many hearts thedesire to know the truth and to have a share inbringing other men into the goodly fellowshipof seekers after truth. Many of the leadersof biblical and Semitic study on this continentare proud to acknowledge their indebtednessto him for instruction and guidance. Fewteachers equaled him in the power to inspirea student to do his utmost. All the strength ofhis magnificent mind and the power of his magnetic personality were at their best in his workas teacher, and hopelessly dull and unresponsive must have been the student who failed tokindle under such instruction.As a Christian scholar he has greatly enriched the religious life of America by helpingto demonstrate that a man may apply the mostrigidly scientific standards of criticism to thebiblical literature and be not one whit the lessa Christian. He has done more than any otherone man to bring the historical method of Biblestudy into good repute, both within and outsideof the church. This purpose to popularize thestudy of the scriptures found expression in theestablishment of a system of correspondencestudy ; in the founding of the Biblical World, ajournal intended for the more intelligent laymen and ministers; in the constant readinessto deliver public lectures upon biblical subjects ;in his biblical work at Chautauqua ; in a seriesof textbooks, known as "Constructive Studies,"and intended for Sunday schools and academicclasses ; in his introduction into the curriculumof the Divinity School of a large amount ofbiblical instruction based upon the English text rather than the Hebrew; and in his creativeshare in the organization of the Religious Education Association. Being by temperament,inclination, and ability qualified for scholarlypursuits of the highest order, he deliberatelysurrendered his own personal preference in'order that he might in larger measure contribute to the religious need of the times. Self-abnegation of this character was his constantcompanion.Comparatively little time was his even forthe furtherance of the study of the scripturesby such methods. His official duties were everpressing upon him, and were accepted cheerfully as part of his destined work for humanity.Many a time, when he had escaped for a littlewhile to the seclusion of his own library, andwe were working together in his favorite field,he has said: "These hours among my booksare the happiest in my life; just imagine itbeing this way all the time!" A statement ofhis own feeling upon this point may be quotedhere from a recent letter to a friend :When I left my work in New Haven to come toChicago I was laying greatest emphasis upon thescholarly side. Up to that time I had given myselflargely to scholarly work. On coming to ChicagoI had to turn aside for the next ten or twelve yearsto secure money for the University, and in doing thisI was compelled to throw myself into that side ofthe work. The consequence is that Chicago and theNorthwest think of me as a "money-getter," andthat is the reputation I have everywhere — a reputation which is hardly fair in view of my antipathytor this kind of work and my love for the other. The thing that troubles me is that I seem to standin the West for something which I do not reallyrepresent, and the thing which I represent is not appreciated or understood or even known by the greatmajority of the people who are familiar with theworking of the University.Here is a man whose exceptionally philosophic type of mind on the one hand, andmarvelous capacity for minute and detailedinvestigation on the other, coupled with almostUNIVERSITY RECORD 85boundless energy and supreme devotion,might have made him the acknowledged leaderof the scholars of his own department in hisown generation, deliberately abandoning thishigh honor when it was already within sight,-in order that he might minister the more directly and widely to the men of his time.I would fain speak of many other characteristics of this great scholar, such as his desire for truth and hatred of shams, his interest inmen rather than things, and his catholicity ofspirit ; but I must content myself with the simple but heartfelt acknowledgement of my owninestimable indebtedness to him for the impart-ation of higher and broader ideals of scholarship and of life. No influence can surpass invalue that which comes through daily contactwith the life of a great man.