THEUniversity RecordOFTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOFOUNDED BY JOHN D. ROCKEFELLERVol. VIII JULY, 1903 No. 3CONTENTSThe Forty-seventh Convocation: pageProfessor Donaldson's Introductory Words 29.The Convocation Address by President Daniel CoitGilman ------- 30-37The President's Quarterly Statement - - - 37-51Annual Statistics for the Year 1902-3 - 52-58PUBLISHED MONTHLY BYZhc THni\>ersit$ of CbicagoANNUAL SUBSCRIPTIONONE DOLLAR ENTERED AT CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, AS SECOND-CLASS MATTERAUGUST 13, 1B02, UNDER THE ACT OF JULY 15, 1894. SINGLE COPIESTEN CENTSVOLUME VIII NUMBER 3University RecordJULY, 1903THE FORTY-SEVENTH CONVOCATION.The Forty-seventh Convocation of the University of Chicago was held in the UniversityQuadrangle Tuesday, June 16, 1903, at 10 o'clock a. m. The Convocation orator, President DanielCoit Gilman, LL.D., of the Carnegie Institution, was presented by Professor Herbert H. Donaldson,who spoke as follows :The progress of science in the United Statesduring the last fifty years has been marked bythree determining events : the coming of Agassizto Harvard College in 1848; the opening of theJohns Hopkins University in 1876, and, during thelast years, the establishment of the great researchfunds, represented by the Rockefeller Instituteand the Carnegie Institution.Each event indicates a progressive change inthe attitude of the public mind toward the development of science.Agassiz was inspired by the spirit of investigation, and by a passionate desire that the community at large should appreciate scientific activity.Therefore, to this latter end he devoted a greatpart of that marvelous energy and charming personality which were so largely his. While Agassiz was spreading abroad the idea of scientificresearch, one who is to speak to us was enteringupon his academic career at Yale College. Agassiz accomplished great things, and, in a largemeasure as the result of his activity, yet greaterthings were in store for the next quarter of thecentury, which begins with the opening of theJohns Hopkins University under the leadershipof our honored guest. To the first president of the Johns Hopkins University, more than to anyother, is due the credit for developing in thiscountry the University idea, and for emphasizingthe educational importance of research work.The experiment at Baltimore showed what couldbe done for the advancement of science in an institution of the university type, but it was easy tosee that much more was possible for investigatorswith greater freedom and larger opportunities.As a result followed the establishment of thetwo research funds already mentioned. Thebenefactors of research are now assured that scientific men can be trusted to use their freedomand to apply their funds for the real advancement of human knowledge. The attainment ofthis point of view marks an important advance,but in order to appreciate its full significance forour own century, one must be intimate with thepreceding period.The orator of the day has lived through thesethree epochs, and through every one of them hisguiding hand has been so helpful and so strongthat of all men he is best fitted to speak uponthe subject he has chosen.I have the honor of introducing Dr. Gilman,president of the Carnegie Institution.30 UNIVERSITY RECORDFollowing the presentation by Professor Donaldson, President Gilman delivered the Convocation address on :PROSPECTS OF SCIENCE IN THE UNITED STATESAT THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURYIt is a great privilege, Rector Magnificus, Sena-tus Academicus, to address this Convocation. Itwould be both easy and pleasant, to spend the hourin recounting the obligations of the entire landto the munificent Founder whose gifts are notlimited in amount nor restricted to one locality;and to the President and the faculties, whose learning and enthusiasm have secured for^this institution such high distinction, not only in the UnitedStates, but in the world of science and letters, asthe most suggestive, the most comprehensive, themost successful, and the most hopeful of manynew foundations among us for the advancementof higher education. This city has much to beproud of, much that excites the admiration ofother places ; but there is nothing worthier of itspride, its hopes, and its confidence than thisyoung and vigorous University to which so manyscholars have consecrated their lives, to which somany benefactors have consecrated their fortunes.But I must not be restricted to this theme,however alluring. I ask you to consider theprogress of science in the United States of America, as it appears to a watchman on the towers,at the beginning of the twentieth century.Let me prepare you for an optimistic view, towhich I am driven by certain disparaging comments that have lately been printed. Before Iconclude, I shall indicate some of the purposesand hopes of the Carnegie Institution that bespeak from the scientific workers in this countryconfidence combined with patience and consideration.To conciliate an audience which includes manyeminent specialists, let me disclaim expertnessin any branch. Not mine the satisfaction of adding to flora or fauna a specimen "new to science," nor of discovering an asteroid before unseen ; not mine the greater distinction of perceiving and announcing relations and laws, hither-* to unknown, which govern the affinities of matterand the units of force. To me electricity andmagnetism are mysteries even greater than theyare to the most able physicists. To weigh thestars and measure the velocity of light seems tome an achievement as difficult as to write an epicor conquer an empire. Before the queen ofthe sciences — abstract mathematics — I bowmy head and kneel uncovered. Yet I am an. observer of the progress of science, who hashad opportunities, prolonged and, in some respects, unique, for watching, and now and thenfor helping, the workers, to whom appreciationand sympathy could at least be offered ; often,pecuniary support ; once in a while, counsel ;sometimes, defense ; always, admiration.Observation from this watchtower will be clearerafter some of the underbrush which might interrupt our vision has been removed. I begin byreminding you that during the last century therange of science was vastly extended. Its domainis now imperial. When some of us were undergraduates, science was restricted to the phenomenaof the visible world, to the study of those objectswhich might be measured by instruments of precision. Chemistry, physics, and natural history(to which geology, on the one hand, and medicine,on the other, were related) were the chief departments. Mathematics, pure and applied, was anentity apart. Now all these subjects are subjected to manifold subdivisions, as branchesof science; at the same time, a host of youngeraspirants claim recognition as belonging to theparent stem. History, archaeology, geography,meteorology, agriculture, philology, psychology,logic, sociology, and even jurisprudence andtheology, are employing the scientific method,with increasing success, and demand recognitionin the surrogate's court, as the next of kin. Conservative observers of nature, and especially theworkers in laboratories and museums, may lookaskance at these newcomers, as the aristocracyUNIVERSITY RECORD 31regard the nouveaux riches, and the bearers ofarmorial bearings, worn since the crusades, regardthe heraldic escutcheons which are fabricated today. Yet may we not claim that this vast expansion of the scientific method is one ofthe most remarkable and one of the mostpropitious gains of the nineteenth century ? Tothe doctrine of evolution, and its great expounders, the advance is largely due. Nevertheless, while the old line between the sciencesand the humanities may be invisible as the equator, it has an existence as real. On the one sideare cognitions which may be submitted to demonstrative proof ; which do not depend upon opinion,preference, or authority; which are true everywhere and all the time ; while on the other sideare cognitions which depend upon our spiritualnatures, our aesthetic preferences, our intellectualtraditions, our religious faith. Earth and man,nature and the supernatural, letters and science, thehumanities and the realities, are the current termsof contrast between the two groups, and there areno signs that these distinctions will ever vanish.Apparently mankind will continue to enjoy thegreat productions of literature, music, painting,sculpture, and architecture, without any regard tothe brains that produced these delight-givingworks ; and humanity will cultivate the sentiments of affection, loyalty, and worship, withoutregard to the pulsations of the heart and thereactions of our nervous systems.Moreover, the opposition which science encountered from theology died, or at least becamemoribund, in the nineteenth century. In thetwentieth, only memories will survive of the dogmatism which endeavored to stifle in their helplessness, like the. bathes in the tower, those infantsciences, astronomy, geology, biology, and evolution. The story of past conflicts and of steadytriumphs, is it not recorded in the volumes ofAndrew D. White ? The attitude of today, is itnot shown in the recent speech of Lord Kelvin,and in the Autobiography of Joseph Le Conte ?Again, the dread of science, as a dominant factor in higher education, which was prevalentin the early part of the nineteenth century, hasreached the vanishing point. "Bread-and-butterstudies" are no longer spoken of in derision, asthey were in my undergraduate days.All this is general, applicable to other lands aswell as to our own. Now, when we restrict ourvision to this country, specific considerations become so obvious that I need only mention them.These among others are conditions favorable tothe advancement of science among us :The diffusion of popular education, securingan army of intelligent people, among whom theelect discoverers and investigators will appear.The general acceptance of elective courses inschools of all grades, especially in colleges^ sothat individual wants and personal aptitudes maybe provided for. This is a triumph of the lastthirty years.The readiness of the United States government,and of many separate states, especially in theWest, to contribute liberally to the support ofapplied science. An enumeration of the resourcesof the national capital, made here two years ago,shows what Congress is willing to do: for onedepartment of investigation a million and aquarter dollars in one year! Another sign isfound in the growth of agricultural colleges andexperiment stations throughout the land, and thedevelopment of the Department of Agriculture.Another sign is the growth of state universities.The admission of educated women — not inexceptional cases, but in considerable and increasing numbers — to the opportunities of originalinvestigation for which, in certain departments,they show marked adaptation and for which theycan readily prepare themselves in the colleges forwomen.The establishment of libraries, museums, laboratories, and observatories by the munificent andunparalleled generosity of American citizens.The sharp distinction between collegiate anduniversity ideals.32 UNIVERSITY RECORDWith these favorable conditions there are somethat are unfavorable. The remuneration affordedto the leading exponents of science is for themost part quite inadequate. Larger salaries, withpensions for old age and disability, with provisionfor widows and children, are much to be desired.Suitable recognition for scientific attainments isstill wanting.The great demand upon the educated and intellectual classes of our country for service infinancial and industrial incorporations, wherecompensation of a liberal amount is assured, absorbs much ability. Many young scholars, whomight rise to distinction if their talents were devoted to literature and science, are diverted fromthese fascinating but unremunerative careers bythe necessity that they foresee of securing a competence, perhaps, in some case, by a preference,inherited or caught by infection, for that luxurywhich modern society encourages to the neglectof old-fashioned economy, moderation, and repose.As science can have no rapid developmentwithout prompt publication, it is well that manyperiodicals devoted to research are now maintained in this country; but it is a misfortune thatmany of them appear under such restrictions thatthey have very limited circulation, and that oftenthe editorial supervision is so inadequate that theelimination of poor material and the condensationof that which is good are neglected. We areprone to "printing without publishing." Consequently our journals are not as widely read abroador at home as they should be. In the next stageof progress there will be an agreement amongthe leading editors and publishers to appear asco-operators, and not as rivals, in the use of theprinting-press. We may be sure that the law ofthe survival of the fittest will soon prevail.Under these conditions a new term has becomecurrent in our academic vocabulary, the term"research." It is a new term, not a new idea,for Herodotus and Aristotle, Roger Bacon andFrancis Bacon, Isaac Newton and Linnaeus,Franklin and Rumford, and hosts of American forerunners and contemporaries, eager in the pursuit of knowledge, have made contributions tothe storehouses of mankind which still furnishseed-corn to the cultivators and experience toexperimenters. "Research" is not a felicitousterm. Neither, for that matter, is the term " university," which originally meant the entire body,or corporation, of civic, ecclesiastical, or educational authorities. Centuries ago the world gaveits preference to " university " and turned a coldshoulder upon studium generale. Apparently, "research" has likewise come to. stay.The word was presented to the English-speakingworld in 1875 i*1 a volume entitled The Endowment of Research, by Dr. Appleton, an Englishscholar. We have the authority of his learnedassociate, the humanist Mark Pattison for sayingthat it was then a new conception became popularunder the term "research." "The term," heremarks, "is inappropriate enough, but, likeall complex conceptions, no one word in thelanguage is anything like adequate to cover thisconception; yet some one word must be employed when we want to speak much of thething." Whatever results may have followed inEngland, the arguments of Pattison and Appletonand their associates had a very strong influenceupon the organization of one American university in the year 1876, and since that time theconception of "research" has spread throughoutour land from peak to peak like the signal firesdescribed by the Greek dramatists.I wish it were possible even now to use thewords "investigation" and "investigators," butcertainly something more than an act of thelegislature will be required before the child canthrow off the name by which it has been christened. Even that suggested is not very good.The "advancement of knowledge" was LordBacon's phrase, adopted by the founder of theSmithsonian Institution for the "advancementand diffusion of knowledge." " Creative action,"says President Eliot, was the phrase of RalphWaldo Emerson. "Constructive scholarship " isUNIVERSITY RECORD 33proposed by Miinsterberg. With the word "research" has come the derivative "research assistants," and in every laboratory of the land fundsare demanded for their compensation. Evidently the young aspirant, at the outset of his career,requires control, or at least the counsel of a morelearned and experienced person, or his productionwill be a memoir of busy idleness. Counting thethreads of a carpet, or the grains in a bushel ofsand, may add iotas to knowledge, but it will beto the domain of useless knowledge. Doingwhat has already been well done is a waste ofenergy, though we call it research. Time givento isolated and unrelated inquiries is a bad investment. On the other hand, genius will proposeits own path, will ask its own hard questions,and proceed by its own methods to answer them.We often hear discussions as to the relation ofinstruction to research. Sterile intellects attribute their non-productiveness to overwork, whena more acute diagnosis detects a lack of willpower. Will-weakness is as common as neurasthenia. None of our college faculties are perfectlyimmune from this infection. It must be admittedthat serious administrative duties are impediments.to prolonged work in the laboratory or thelibrary; but instruction is not administration.Sylvester, the great mathematician, said that hismind was never so fertile as when excited by thequeries and criticisms of his pupils ; and scores ofour eminent contemporaries would say so, too.On the other hand, certain minds have done theirbest work without any pedagogical obligations.Darwin, Lyell, and Hooker form a conspicuoustrio of the non-professorial class. Herbert Spencer drew no stipend. Willard Gibbs won distinction before he won a salary of a thousand dollars.The astronomer Hill needed no outside impulse;his was the rare power of self-fertilization. Danawas famous as a naturalist long before he was aprofessor. No absolute rule can be laid downmore explicit than this, let those who have theduties of a professorship discharge them well; andthose who have leisure be sure that it is not wasted. Let us now consider how well prepared thiscountry is for scientific research or productivescholarship. Certain favorable conditions areobvious, some already indicated: wide-spread,almost universal, education furnishing a largebody of well-instructed persons, from whomrecruits maybe drafted; freedom from the restrictions of an established church and from governmental impediment; general recognition of theimportance of scientific inquiry; in many directions, — liberal outlays by the nation and by states;munificent endowments from individuals, becoming, as the years roll on, more liberal in amountand more liberal in scope; noteworthy indications of versatility, ingenuity, adaptability andpatience on the part of American youth ; unselfish readiness to enter upon unremunerative careers for the pleasure of living in devotion toscience; and a newspaper press eager to makepublic every new birth.Nor is this all. Our equipments are good; collections of books and periodical are very large andwell chosen; museums of natural history are rapidly increasing; our astronomical instruments areunsurpassed; our physical and chemical laboratories have all the requirements of modern science. If I may be allowed to use a word fromthe market-place, we have an extensive plant,facilities adequate to a very large business. Perhaps the plant is greater than is requisite today.No matter. Darwin wrote to Thistleton-Dyer, in1878, these words:I have a very strong opinion that it would be the greatestpossible pity if the physiological laboratory, now that it hasbeen built, were not supplied with as many good instruments as your funds can possibly afford. It is quite possible that some of them may become antiquated before theyare much or even at all used. But this does not seem to meany argument at all against getting them, for the laboratorycannot be used untill well provided ; and the mere fact ofthe instruments being ready may suggest to someone to usethem. You at Kew, as guardians and promoters of botanical science, will then have done all in your power, and ifyour laboratory is not used, the disgrace will lie at the feetof the public. But untill bitter experience proves the contrary, I will never believe that we are so backward.34 UNIVERSITY RECORDWhen Rowland was asked to select the apparatus for the new university to which he was called,he bought freely the costliest instruments of precision. The supply preceded the demand; thedemand appeared at once. An amusing illustration of the conservative hold-back is given byPresident Loudon in a recent admirable appealfor the recognition of research in the universitiesof Canada: "An English professor — himself aclassical scholar — on an occasion so recent asthe establishment of the Physical Laboratory inthe University of Toronto inquired: 'Why go.to the expense of purchasing this elaborate equipment, until the physicists have made an end ofmaking discoveries ? ' " No American scholarcould have asked that question.The size of a college has nothing to do withthe progress of investigation. I read, for example,that a recent traveler who has reached Lassa, inThibet, found near the forbidden shrine threeinstitutions where fifteen thousand monks areengaged in learned pursuits. In one of these, sixthousand boys, young men, and gray-beardedpatriarchs are studying theology; yet not onecontribution to science has ever come from thatfocus of Buddhist lore, though Dalai Lama is theliving Buddha. I remember that the Royal Institution in London, without any students, gaverooms to Young, Davy, Faraday, Tyndall, Ray-leigh, and Dewar — a truly apostolic succession.Agassiz and Guyot won their distinction in thefresh- water college of Neufchatel. Princeton wasan undeveloped institution when Joseph Henrymade his fundamental discoveries in electro-magnetism. Yale had a very meager equipmentin books and instruments when Olmsted, Herrick,and Newton made their discoveries in respect tometeoric showers and the origin of comets. Lie-big's renown was established in the little laboratory which still stands as his proud monument,at Giessen, long before he was called to Munich.Scores of such instances might readily be cited.Indeed, the facts are so obvious that a witty exaggeration declares that the progress of science varies inversely as the size of the laboratory: thelarger the place and the more the students, themore arduous the administration and the morefrequent the interruptions. It has been playfullysaid that Boston is not a place, but a state of mind.So I would say: Research depends upon a stateof mind, and not on the laboratory or the instruments.With all the advantages that have been enumerated, how are we succeeding? Listen to a brilliant exotic, Professor Miinsterberg, who declaresthat the " idea of continental Europe, in regardto the productive scholars of the New World, canbe as easily as briefly stated," and then he makesthis formidable announcement, which * he calls"the idea of continental Europe," in respect toAmerican scholarship. It is summed up in threeominous words: "There is none."An American, long resident «nn Europe, CarlSnyder, sings the same dirge. "America's position in the world of science is inferior," are hiswords. "Why has the United States so slight ashare in the marvelous scientific advance of thecentury?" is his significant inquiry. Severalpages are devoted to the delineation of this failure.I do not know by what processes of telepathyor wireless telegraphy this "idea of continentalEurope," in respect to productive scholarship inAmerica, can be reduced to three words: "Thereis none." I prefer to scan the list of Americanswho have received the highest honors of the academies of sciences in Europe — honors which areonly bestowed for important contributions toknowledge. Begin with the names of Franklin andRumford, then read the roll continued in our dayby the names of Joseph Henry, Louis Agassiz, AsaGray, Joseph Leidy, Benjamin Peirce, James D.Dana, Hubert A. Newton, James Hall, O. C.Marsh, Henry A. Rowland, Joseph E. Keeler,Willard Gibbs, and by scores of living investigators now active in every part of the land.Here let me pay a tribute of friendship andadmiration to one of our countrymen who hasjust departed, having attained to the highest rankamong the mathematical physicists of the world —Willard Gibbs, whose eminence, like that of SirIsaac Newton, will be more and more concededas time rolls on.He was an authority upon themes of great importance and difficulty in a domain where thedoor is open only to those who can give the password as past-masters in a science most profound,where his leadership was that of exploration andconquest, where his distinction is acknowledgedby the most distinguished physicists in Europeand America. There is good authority for sayingthat "by a wonderful exercise of scientific imagination and logical power he predicted the greaterpart of the science of physical chemistry." Hiscreation of the vector analysis is equally remarkable. Professor Ostwald, one among the foremost, says of the work of Professor Gibbs inthermo-dynamics: "Untouched treasures, in thegreatest variety and of the greatest importance, tothe theoretical as well as to the experimentalinvestigator, still lie within its pages."This is not the place for the enumeration ofother subjects which were enriched by his genius.At the moment we can only place the name ofWillard Gibbs among the foremost of Americanintellects at the opening of this century, and commend to younger men his life and example. Inhis crown are seven precious stones — Genius,Training, Resolution, Self-dependence, Perseverance, Modesty, and Success.In academic circles chauvinism is offensive, andI would not venture thus to speak of the achievements of our countrymen, were it not that derogatory remarks have been received with applause bya chorus of pessimists; were it not time that thevoice of the optimists should be heard in the land.Under these circumstances you will perhaps listenwithout censure to these concluding remarks. To'illustrate American activities in science, I woulddwell upon the progress made in the study of ourvast domain, between two oceans, to the knowledge acquired of its coasts, harbors, rivers, lakes;of its valleys, plains, hills, and mountain ranges; Y RECORD 35of its mineral deposits, and of the slow processesby which the terrestrial features have been moldedand modified. I would recall what has been donebeyond our own territory, in surveys of theAtlantic and Pacific seas, and in the Levant. Iwould enumerate the memoirs in which the floraand the fauna of this continent have been enumerated and described — the mollusks, the crustaceans, the fishes, the reptiles, the birds, and themammalia living and palaeozoic; the mosses, theferns, the algae, the flowers, the shrubs, and theforests. I would point to the study of the weatherand the climate, and our contributions to thelaws of meteorology. I would follow Americanexplorers in their near approach to the north pole,and go with others to Alaska and eastern Siberia.I would summon a great company of Americanarchaeologists and ethnologists engaged in thescrutiny of primitive man. I would rememberthat this earth is a star among the stars, and enumerate the contributions to astronomical sciencewhich have been made by observing the starryheavens and in the quiet studies of able mathematicians. The work of our chemists should notbe overlooked, nor the fact that one of the mostbrilliant among them has declined a chair in aGerman university offered to him in recognitionof his researches. In the field of physics some ofour most gifted countrymen should be namedand mention should be made of their investigation of the velocity of light, in spectrumanalysis, in the mechanical equivalent of heat,in the determination of electrical units, and inother abstract, far-reaching studies of fundamental laws. I would show that the group ofstudies called biological has not been overlooked,and would name the memoirs and treatises inminute anatomy, neurology, embryology, morphology, and physiology which have come fromthe laboratories of biology and the fruitful resultsof bacteriological and pathological studies whichhave resulted in the partial and complete controlof certain infectious diseases. Nor would I forgetthe contributions to classical and Semitic archaeol-36 UNIVERSITY RECORDogy which Americans have made and are making,and to the distinction won by William DwightWhitney and his followers in comparative philology, and to the impulse given to biblical studiesby the head of this university.Two new forces have lately been introduced,which will prove to be supplemental to thosealready at work in our best universities and. colleges. One of these, an institution devoted topathological investigation, is due to the founderof this university, Mr. John D. Rockefeller. Theother is an establishment for the aid of scientificinvestigation in any part of the country — themunificent gift of Mr. Andrew Carnegie. Hismany gifts for varied purposes had alreadysecured the gratitude due to a prince of philanthropists, and he now enrolled his name amongthe foremost promoters of knowledge. His newendowment had no precursor and no parallel.Rumford's gifts in the eighteenth century andSmithson's in the nineteenth were its near of kin.The large amount attracted universal attention,but the purposes received still greater applause.Mr. Carnegie had the sagacity to perceive thateducation and investigation are distinct functionsof civilized life; and that they may be promotedby different corporations. He differentiated thetwo chief objects of a university — instruction andresearch. He did not intimate that these twofunctions must always be separated. Nobodythinks so. They may be united. He merelygave emphasis to research in these words:It is proposed to found, in the city of Washington, aninstitution which, with the co-operation of institutions nowor hereafter established, there or elsewhere, shall in thebroadest and most liberal manner encourage investigation,research, and discovery; show the application of knowledgeto the improvement of mankind; provide such buildings,laboratories, books, and apparatus, as may be needed; andafford instruction of an advanced character to studentsproperly qualified to profit thereby.When asked if he wished his gift to be restrictedto our countrymen, "No," was his prompt andwise response; "Science is not limited by geographical boundaries."[The next portion of the address unfolded the proceedings of the Carnegie institution duringits first eighteen months.]Let me conclude by repeating statementsalready made. Science, in the United States, atthe beginning of the twentieth century has sucha vantage-ground as it never occupied before.Laboratories of investigation have been opened;instruments of precision have been multipliedand improved; universities no longer give unduereverence to the written word; schools of scienceand technical training schools have been organized; general education has improved; museumsare well endowed and arranged; journals havebeen established for great departments of knowledge and for minute specialties. Men of lettersno longer regard the men of science as but half-educated; and the organized forces of religion nolonger array themselves against the progress ofinquiry. The spirit of science is recognized byindividuals and governments. A few objectionsare heard, Vox et praterea nihil. Science is accepted as synonymous with exact knowledge. Truthtakes the place of tradition. The study of naturehas usurped the throne of human authority. Mankind has attained to a clearer knowledge of thegreat Omnipresence; so that many men of manyminds find in an ancient Credo the best expression of their knowledge and their faith. " Ibelieve in God the Father Almighty, maker ofHeaven and Earth, and of all things visible andinvisible." In the confidence, not always orallyexpressed, that science is the discoverer and interpreter of this divine order, men devote themselves, with the ardor of enthusiasm which hasnever been surpassed, to searching and re -searching, hoping and believing, almost knowing, thatevery step of progress contributes to the welfareof humanity, to the physical, intellectual, moral,and social improvement of the race. The twentieth century begins with these auspicious expectations. May it produce, in our country, manygreat benefactors, many wise and buoyant leaders,working hand in hand, many a brilliant discoverer,many a true philosopher.UNIVERSITY RECORD 37THE PRESIDENT'S QUARTERLY STATEMENT.Members of the University, and Friends :the business managership of the university.The year closing has been marked by an important change in the administrative work of theUniversity. In spite of urgent protestation tothe contrary, the Business Manager, Mr. HenryA. Rust, in the early months of the year indicatedhis purpose to withdraw from the duties of hisposition as soon as suitable arrangements couldbe made to fill the vacancy created by his withdrawal. For a period of ten years Mr. Rust hasserved the University with an earnestness andfaithfulness which have overtaxed his physicalstrength. During these years the business organization of the institution has been effected ; morethan twenty buildings have been erected; andlarge land holdings have been secured. Theresponsibility of the Business Manager in thisperiod of constructive work has been greater perhaps than even those most closely associated withthe work could well appreciate. The infinitudeof detail, as well as the magnitude of many ofthe operations, demanded a degree of physicalstrength and a kind of business ability which fewmen possess. Mr. Rust took up these burdens asa work of love. He carried them because of hispersonal interest in the University itself, of whichhe was one of the original Trustees, and towardthe foundation of which he had himself madenotable contribution. With a faithfulness bornof his love for the work and based upon his largeexperience in business affairs, he served the institution through the most difficult and delicateperiod of its financial history. What the University owes Mr. Rust for this unique service willnever be calculated. The best years of his lifehave gone into its service, and its business policyis one the minutest details of which have receivedthe impress of his personality.It is only just that I should add to this statement the fact that, aside from matters which belong definitely to the business side of the Uni versity's interests, Mr. Rust has shown himselfthrough all these years to have been a wise advisor. On many questions of general policy hisopinions have been sought. His loyalty to thecause which he served, and the courage with whichhe presented and carried out his policy in anygiven case, have been a source of strength tothose with whom he has been associated. TheTrustees have expressed very cordially and earnestly their regret that his purpose to give up thework could not be modified, and have testifiedtheir appreciation of the splendid service whichhe has rendered the University. It is understoodthat as soon as arrangements to that effect can bemade, Mr. Rust will resume his place on theBoard of Trustees, and in the capacity of a Trustee continue to make use of his accurate and intimate knowledge of the affairs of the institution inthe furthering of its interests.When it became quite certain that Mr. Rust'sdetermination to withdraw could not be changed,the minds of the Trustees turned at once to Mr.Wallace Heckman, with whom many of them hadpersonal acquaintance, and who had been associated so prominently with the higher interests ofour municipal affairs. After full consideration ofthe matter, and at great personal sacrifice, Mr.Heckman, to our delight, consented to take upthe heavy load which Mr. Rust had laid down.He brings to the task which lies before him alarge experience in business management ; careful training of a legal character ; and above allstrong sympathy with the ideals of the institution.Only a few months have passed since the assumption of the duties of his office, and yet he hasalready attained a grasp of the details of the situation which guarantees a successful administration. The University is, indeed, fortunate in thatit is able to look back upon so signal a servicecompleted, and at the same time a service begunthe promise of which is as strong and certain asits best friends could wish.38 UNIVERSITY RECORDTHE LAW SCHOOL.The Law School in its short history has achieveda success which no one a year ago would havebeen willing to predict. The vigor with whichthe members of its Faculty have prosecuted theirwork and the high character of the resultsachieved are evidenced by the satisfaction, andindeed enthusiasm, which have taken possessionof the student body ; by the strong impressionmade upon the University at large ; and likewiseby the recognition which has been accorded bythe bar and by other schools of law. It is ordinarily expected that several years will be requiredto build up a new institution of any kind. It isperhaps true that no kind of educational workappeals so slowly for recognition as that of aprofessional school. We have therefore a realoccasion for congratulation that in so short a timefoundations that are confessedly so strong havebeen established.Special mention may be made of three things :i". The outlook of the Law School for theSummer Quarter is particularly interesting. Registration is being made by students coming frommany schools of law and from the active duties ofthe profession. The presence as lecturers of sostrong a body of men seems already to have beenappreciated by those who desire to use the summer months in the prosecution of their lawstudies.2. The progress of the Law School buildinghas been especially gratifying. Up to the present time there has been no occasion for delay,and unless there should occur something unfortunate the building will be under roof by Augusti. It is safe to assume that the work of the LawSchool may be transferred to the new building asearly as January i. The many inconveniences towhich the Faculty and students have thus farpatiently submitted will then have disappeared,and it may be confidently asserted that uponthe completion of the building, no law schoolwill possess physical advantages superior to thoseof the Law School of this University. 3. We all rejoice in the addition to the staff ofthe Law School of that strong and eminentteacher of law so widely known through the entire country, and especially in the West — Professor Floyd R. Mechem. I am not exaggeratingwhen I say that Professor Mechem is recognizedby the bar of Chicago and by the entire professionof the western states as a man of the highest attainments, and one who has exerted as strong aninfluence upon the teaching of law as any manwho has given instruction in an institution westof the state of New York. Under these circumstances we may look forward with pleasant anticipation to the further development and progressof this department of the institution during itscoming years.THE SUMMER QUARTER.This afternoon at 5 o'clock the work of thenew year will be inaugurated, and the SummerQuarter of the scholastic year 1903-4 will begin.The preparation for this Quarter is larger andmore elaborate than for any preceding year.Several Departments — for example, Zoology andPhysics — have been greatly strengthened. In allDepartments better provision has been made thanheretofore for advanced study.The University does not anticipate that theestablishment of summer schools in the South andWest will in any way interfere with the successof the Summer Quarter. As a matter of fact,we believe that the successful administration ofthese various schools will contribute largely to thenumbers and efficiency of the students in our ownSummer Quarter. Everyone has noticed the factthat, as each summer comes, that portion of theconstituency which may be denominated thesummer constituency is of a higher character. Itis the highest work in which we are especially interested, and each recurring season we find ourselves occupied with a class of more highlydeveloped college and graduate students.The list of preachers for the Summer Quarterwill include the following gentlemen: Dr. R. J.UNIVERSITY RECORD 39Campbell, of London, England, Dr. F. W.Gunsaulus, Professor Galusha Anderson, ProfessorNathaniel Butler, Assistant Professor H. L. Willett, Bishop Charles B. Galloway, of Mississippi,and Dr. J. M. Carroll, of Texas.The following gentlemen from other institutions will give instruction in the University during the Summer Quarter:George Clarke Sellery, Instructor in History,the University of Wisconsin.Wales Harrison Packard, Instructor in Physiology, of Bradley Polytechnic Institute.William Otis Beal, Instructor in Mathematics,of Chicago Manual Training School.Francis A. Wood, Instructor in GermanicPhilology, of Cornell College, Mount Vernon,Iowa.Bruce Wyman, Assistant Professor of Law,Harvard University.Theodore C. Burgess, Assistant Professor ofGreek and Latin, Bradley Polytechnic Institute.Bert John Vos, Associate Professor of German,Johns Hopkins University.Clarence FrisbeeRoss, Professor of Greek, Allegheny College.Arthur J. Roberts, Professor of English, CplbyCollege.Archibald MacMechan, Professor of English,Dalhousie College.William Edward Mead, Professor of English,Wesleyan University.William Norman Guthrie, Author and Lecturer,.Alameda, California.Henry W. Hulbert, Professor of Church History, Bangor Theological Seminary.J. M. English, Professor of Homiletics, NewtonTheological Institution.Charles W. Colby, Professor of History, McGillUniversity.Horace G. Byers, Professor of Chemistry, University of Washington.James Mark Baldwin, Professor of Philosophy,Princeton University. Paul Milyoukov, Crane Lecturer on RussianInstitutions, St. Petersburg.To the students who have already arrived, andare participating with us in the Convocation exercises, we present the welcome of the University andinvite them to the enjoyment of all its privileges.Those who are with us for the first time may beassured that they will not long be strangersamong us. The spirit of this institution is ademocratic spirit, and, more than this, a friendlyone. Snobbery is a thing not cultivated in theWest. As students and instructors we arebrothers and sisters in a great family seeking forthe advancement, not only of ourselves, but ofour fellow-men, and as such we welcome you.GALUSHA ANDERSON.I desire to report that, in view of the long andfaithful service of Professor Galusha Anderson,Head of the Department of Homiletics, and inview of the fact that he has reached the age ofseventy years, the Trustees of the University,acting with the Trustees of the TheologicalUnion, have voted to release him henceforthfrom regular official duties ; at the same time itis my privilege to announce that they havemade a suitable financial arrangement which willfree Dr. Anderson from anxiety and concern as tohis future. The proposition to give up his regular duties was suggested by Dr. Anderson himself.The Trustees in effecting the arrangement havehad in mind the excellent service rendered by Dr.Anderson to the cause of education during morethan a score of years. The splendid strugglewhich he made to save the old University has notpassed out of the minds of men. The couragewhich he manifested through this long effort wasmagnificent. The strength of his service in connection with the old Theological Seminary, and,after its reorganization, in connection with theUniversity, has been admired by all who havecome in contact with him and his work. In thisaction of the Trustees, evidence is furnished oftheir readiness to give recognition to the faithfulwork of those who spend their lives in the service40 UNIVERSITY RECORDof the institution. In accordance with the arrangement made, Dr. Anderson retains his placein the Faculty of the Divinity School and in theSenate of the University. Such special service ashe may be able and willing to render from timeto time will be thoroughly appreciated by thefriends of the Divinity School and the University.It is understood that opportunity is thus givenhim to prepare for the press certain volumes of animportant character; and it is believed that thisservice will be one for which his own students,and those who are to be students of theology inthe future, will be grateful to him. The University has had no more loyal, faithful, or efficientofficer in its twelve years than Dr. Anderson, andif the wishes of his colleagues and their prayers mayprevail, his life will be spared many years for theexecution of work which will redound to thecredit and honor of himself and the institutionwhich he will continue to represent.NEW BUILDINGS.The following, from an editorial published inthe Chronicle of June 9, is perhaps as fair a statement as could be presented concerning the generaleffect of the new buildings now practically completed:These edifices are monuments to the skill and good tasteof their designers, and to the efficiency of the contractorswho are building them. They constitute a continual valuable lesson in the art of architecture.On one corner, occupying half a block, there is nearingcompletion a structure which recalls an English cathedral.On another is a castellated structure, massive in gray stoneand impressive in outline. A great facade of Gothic design,stretching an entire block along Fifty-ninth street, marksthe finishing of a noble building destined to play a part inthe economy offthe University.Everywhere for blocks the builder is at work, and everywhere the construction is in harmony with the buildingsalready erected. The whole promises to present a spectacleof artistic symmetry unparalleled in this country.It is worth the while of Chicago people to visit the sceneof constructive activity and realize that we have in this citya collection of educational edifices which, if it was in Europe,would elicit the enthusiastic praise of touring Americans.That it is so little known and so little talked of is merelydemonstration that we are seldom given to appreciation ofbeauties that are close at hand. We have waited a long time for these buildings.How much those students who have gone outfrom the University during its early years havemissed because of the lack of such facilities asthese buildings will furnish cannot easily bemeasured. At last we are to enjoy them to thefull. By October 1 all of the buildings now inprocess of erection will have been finished exceptthe new Law building. A special gift of $60,000has been received within ten days, which isto be used in furnishing and equipping the newGymnasium, the Commons, the student ClubHouse, the Tower, and the Assembly Hall. Forthis additional favor from the hands of an oldUniversity friend we are sincerely grateful.THE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION.The important task of reorganizing the Elementary and Secondary work forming a part ofthe proposed School of Education has been accomplished. The Elementary School, hithertoknown as the Laboratory School, and the University Elementary School have been joined andwill constitute one branch of the work as reorganized. The Faculties of the South Side Academyand the Manual Training School have also beenunited. The name selected, after a long consideration, for the secondary work is the University High School. The professional work willbe known as the College of Education. While,as before, students with a high-school trainingwill be received as members of the College ofEducation, distinct courses have been arrangedfor those who enter upon this work after completing two years of regular college work in addition to the high-school course of study. Withthe approval of the Senate of the University, theappropriate Bachelor's degree will be conferredupon those students of the School of Educationwho have completed courses meeting the generalrequirements of the University course, and in addition there will be conferred upon such studentsthe degree of Bachelor of Education.New equipment for the College of Educationand the Elementary School to the amount ofUNIVERSITY RECORD 41$50,000 is being purchased. New equipment forthe Manual Training School to the amount of$10,000 has been authorized. The cost of thenew Manual Training building was intended tobe kept within the limit of $140,000. It has beenfound necessary, however, in order to meet thedemands of the work, and to make this buildingthe most complete possible to add about 50 percent, to this sum. The new buildings, includingthat of the Manual Training School, will be completed during the summer and will be occupiedOctober 1. The corner-stone of the ManualTraining building will be laid tomorrow.I desire to express to the five different Facultieswhich have worked together this year in perfectharmony, notwithstanding many difficulties, mygreat appreciation of their courtesy and goodspirit. Under ordinary circumstances it would beimpossible for five Faculties to come together asthese Faculties have done.With the work of reorganization completed,with the buildings and equipment provided uponso generous a scale, we may confidently expectresults of a satisfactory character. The totalcost of the land, buildings, and equipment ofthe School of Education thus far has been asfollows :Land - $243,465Buildings - - - 600,000Equipment - - - - 90,867Total - 934,332MODERN PHILOLOGY.The University publishes this month the firstnumber of a new quarterly established in the interests of Modern Philology. This journal, underthe general editorship of Assistant Professor Allen,will devote itself to the presentation of scientificarticles relating to Germanic and Romance philology. It is quite certain that the time is opportune for the inauguration of this new journal.The strength of the editorial staff, the large andhearty response with which the effort has beenmet, and the definite merit of the journal itself,bespeak the success already practically assured. UNIVERSITY COLLEGE.No division of the work of the University hasbeen more successful than the work organizedunder the head of University College. During the five years of its history closing this month,its enrolment has been as follows :1898-1899 2841899-1900 - 2541900-1901 4751901-1902 - - . 5021902-1903 ... _ 446The loss of fifty-six in the enrolment of theyear just closing has been due to the urgencywith which teachers in the schools were pressedto take courses of study offered through the citynormal school. These courses, however, werefound by many teachers to lack in the specificand detailed instruction that ordinarily characterizes college work. During the last two yearsthe instructors in University College have beenregular University officers, and their compensation has been that which is prescribed by theUniversity statutes.Substantial results of this work are now beginning to be appreciated, and already a considerable number of students have been enabled tofinish the College course for whom otherwise itwould have been impossible. It is understoodthat in the curriculum of this College only thosesubjects ordinarily offered in the college courseare presented.The work of this College has been made possible by a gift received each year from Mrs.Emmons Blaine. The amount of this gift in thefirst year was $5,000, in the remaining years$6,200. Her pledge for this purpose expires July1 of the present year. Much consideration hasbeen given to the question whether at this timethe work should be given up. The Universityhad no funds upon which it could draw for thepayment of administration and rent. As a matterof fact, the fees paid were insufficient to cover theactual cost of instruction. It gives me pleasureto announce that Mrs. Blaine has consented tocontinue her gift of $6,200 through the coming42 UNIVERSITY RECORDyear. We are certainly grateful to her for thehelp thus afforded, and we trust that somearrangement may soon be effected by which theCollege shall become permanently established.The need of this work, especially for teachers ofthe city of Chicago, is evident. Other plans maybe adopted for assisting the teachers to makethe advancement needed in connection withtheir teaching; but experience would seem toshow that nothing better can be found than theregular class-room exercises in which both theinstructor and the members of the class participate. This is a most important work, and theassistance of every institution in close relationship to Chicago life is needed for its full accomplishment. There is, moreover, evidence of awider need than that of teachers. It is believedthat courses may be arranged which shall provethemselves of great value to preachers, lawyers,physicians, and likewise to those who for onereason or another cannot avail themselves of theordinary college instruction. When it shall bepossible to have for this College better facilities,including library and laboratory rooms, andbetter class-rooms, the development will be morerapid and more satisfactory. Perhaps importantsteps in this direction may be taken during thecoming year.PRESENTATION OF MR. CHAM BERLIN'S BUST.During the last months a signal honor hascome to one of the University's most distinguished investigators, and through him to theUniversity. For many years the work of Professor Chamberlin has attracted attention andcommanded the admiration of geologists andgeophysicists, not only throughout our country,but throughout all countries where investigationis appreciated. His most remarkable investigation,which bids fair to revolutionize the conception ofthe origin and early history of the earth, if not ofthe whole solar system, has been characterized asNewtonian in its scope. Under the leadership ofProfessor Branner, of Leland Stanford University, Professor Chamberlin's scientific colleagues inthis country some time since determined to givetangible expression to this admiration and appreciation while yet its recipient is' in possession ofhis full strength. Since his most commandingwork has been done in the University, it was fitting that the tribute should take the form of a bustpresented to the University. This plan wascarried out during the past winter, and copies ofthe bust have also been placed in a number of theleading universities of the country.This signal honor to Professor Chamberlin isperhaps unique in the annals of scholarship, andis doubly prized because, as was expressly statedwhen the bust was presented to the University, itwas intended as a mark of recognition of hischaracter as a man and of his ability as an educational leader, no less than of his investigativework.1A NEW ADMISSION UNIT.An important step has been taken in adding aunit of Biblical History and Literature to the listof admission units to be accepted by the University. It has been further provided that theDepartments of Semitic and Biblical and Patristic Greek should outline a course, indicatingspecifically the ground to be covered, method oftreatment, and texts to be employed. The Faculty has adopted this policy in order (a) to recognize the work in Biblical History and Literaturewhich is now being done creditably in a fewschools; (b) to emphasize an important subject ofculture which is in danger of being neglected;and (c) to offer a direct stimulus to its reorganization and thorough study. There seems to be nogood reason for longer denying this recognitionto work in biblical lines. It is worth our whileto consider whether our secondary schools underprivate control may not do well to substitutesome of the Christian material handed downfrom ancient times for a portion of the paganmaterial which has been transmitted to us.xSee also the University Record, February, 1903.UNIVERSITY RECORD 43THE CORRESPONDENCE-STUDY DEPARTMENT.In the Correspondence-study Department ofthe Extension Division the Spring Quarter andthe scholastic year do not close until June 23, but,though exact figures are not available, it is evidentthat the records of last year will be surpassed. Asagainst 1,249 different students enrolled in 1901-2,there have been nearly 1,500 this year. Six hundred and twenty-five, or more than one-third ofthis number, are students who for the first timehave registered for correspondence courses; 350of them matriculated in the University for thispurpose; the remaining 175 were resident studentsof the present or preceding years. Approximatelytwo-thirds of the total enrolment, therefore, is madeup of correspondence students of former years.This not only indicates the adequacy of thismethod of instruction in the estimation of thosewho have put it to the test, but it guarantees alsopermanency to the work. The majority of thestudents are active teachers. This results fromthe fact that the courses are on academic subjects,and that of those interested in these lines teachersare best able to pay the fees for instruction. Theconstituency could be enlarged indefinitely, andthe influence of the University as a democratizingagency proportionately extended and increased, ifwe could reach the young men and young womenwho year by year are graduating from our highschools and academies and entering perforce thebread- winning contest. To do th is there must be :1. An accommodation of the work to the needsof this class by providing curricula designed toafford the necessary preparation for professionalcourses in Education, Law, Medicine, Technology, etc., and2. Still further reduction of the tuition fees.The University will cheerfully undertake toorganize such curricula, but it cannot furtherreduce the fees until some other source of incomeis provided. To occupy the field wnich it oughtto occupy, to do the important work which italone can do, the Correspondence-study Department must be liberally endowed. THE LECTURE-STUDY DEPARTMENT.COMPARATIVE STATISTICS FOR FIVE YEARS.Year No. CentersActive No. CoursesDelivered AverageAttendanceat Lectures AverageAttendanceat Class.1898-991899-OO1900-011901-021902-03 9397no140146 125127139190208 24,99329,69332,80735,92243,564 9,02512,8788,10516,43316,351Year No. of Twelve-Lecture Courses No. of TravelingLibraries SentOut Receipts1898-991899-OO1900-011901-021902-03 6871621 6763448893 #19,335-05l8,II2.5919,221.6734,719-9442,591.68The Lecture-study Department of the University Extension Division reports that during theacademic year 1902-3 there have been delivered208 courses of six lectures each in 146 UniversityExtension centers, as compared with 190 coursesin 140 centers during the preceding year. Theaverage attendance at these courses of lecturesduring the year was 43,564, as compared with35,922 during the year preceding.These courses were given in eighteen states bytwenty-five different lecturers. As in precedingyears, the Department of Sociology and Anthropology leads with 79 courses; English Language and Literature coming second with 61courses. There were also sent to these University Extension centers during the year 93 traveling libraries, as compared with 88 during thepreceding year.* The work of the University Lecture Association,under the auspices of which the lecture-studycourses in Chicago have been conducted duringthe past two years, has met with increasing favor.In the South Side center there were given a courseof eighteen lectures on " Studies in Shakespeare;" acourse of six lectures on " Studies in Milton's Para-dise Lost" and a course of six lectures on "The44 UNIVERSITY RECORDEastern Question." At the North Side center theprogramme consisted of a course of six lectures on"Studies in Literature," a course of six lectureson "The Music Dramas of Richard Wagner," anda course of twelve lectures in American History.The West Side center conducted a course oftwelve lectures in Physiography and Geology, acourse of six lectures on "The Spiritual Elementin Tragedy," and a course of six lectures inAmerican History. The members of the University Lecture Association are indebted to thetrustees of the South Congregational Church, theFrancis W. Parker School, and the Lewis Institutefor the use of the halls in which the lectures weregiven, and without which it would have been impossible to conduct the courses of the year successfully. During the year new centers of theUniversity Lecture Association have been established in Oak Park and Englewood. The workof all these centers will be continued during thecoming year, and others will be established asopportunity for their permanent organization ispresented.The time has now come for the reorganizationof the Extension work of the University uponbroader and deeper lines. Steps in this directionwill be proposed in the near future.DECENNIAL PUBLICATIONS.The Decennial Publications will be ready fordistribution in the course of the coming summer.Of the eighteen volumes of the Second Serieswhich have been arranged for, eight have alreadybeen issued and three others are ready for thepress. The First Series is practically complete,with the exception of one volume of Investigations which has been held back for special reasons.The two volumes of the President's Report are allin type, and of the seven volumes of contributedarticles, representing about ioo contributors, onlythree articles are still outstanding. The magnitude of this undertaking, which has occupied theattention of the Editorial Committee of the Faculty for two years and of the Press for one year, may be perhaps better appreciated when the statement is made that the names of 109 contributorsof scientific material, all members of the Facultiesof the University, appear in the special catalogueof these publications ; that 3,038 pages octavoand 2,698 pages quarto have been put into typeby our own office; that 3,461 pages have been issued from the press ; and that up to the presenttime eight octavo volumes, 2,094 pages, and 52separate contributions in the shape of articles,1,367 pages, have been printed and distributed tothe scientific world. It is gratifying to note themarks of widespread approval with which theseissues have been greeted by the critics and by thepublic. The effects of these publications uponthe spirit of research in our own University cannot but be permanently wholesome and stimulating.REMOVALS BY DEATH.During the past Quarter two Junior Collegestudents, both residents of Green Hall, have beenremoved by death. Frances Evelyn Moore hadbeen in residence only five weeks, but her academic career was looked forward to with interest bythe friends whom she had already made. FriedaIrene Meyer had been in the College five Quarters, and had shown remarkable gifts in leadership. In the Freshman Debating Club, theWoman Students' Christian League, and GreenHouse itself her influence for good was constantly felt. The sympathy of the Universitybody is extended to the bereaved parents.PROFESSOR VON HOLST.The University will hear with deep regret thatthe health of Professor von Hoist does not improve. I am confident that his friends everywherewill join in an expression of sympathy that he iscalled to pass through suffering so severe and soprolonged. I am able to make the announcementthat a commission has been given to Carl Marr,of the Royal Academy in Munich, to paint theportrait of Professor von Hoist for the University.This plan has been shared by his colleagues and byUNIVERSITY RECORD 45his old students, and has been supported by hisfriends throughout the whole country. Thememorial comes as a spontaneous expression ofaffection and respect for a colleague, a greatscholar, and a public-spirited citizen of theUnited States.The fact that he was a German, a scholar andprofessor of high standing in a German university,the author of a great constitutional history of theUnited States, and Head of the Department ofHistory in this University for ten years, will makethe unveiling of his portrait at a special Convocation next October an event of international significance. It is hoped, on this occasion, to emphasize the cordial relations existing betweenGerman and American scholars, and to give fullexpression to the indebtedness of the country andof the large German constituency of this city toGermany. Arrangements are now under way tosecure that co-operation which will give fittinghonor and distinction to so desirable a purpose.INVESTIGATION.In a former Convocation Statement I endeavored to point out in a general way that theofficers of the University were engaged verydirectly and earnestly in the prosecution of specialinvestigations. It was my purpose to show thata great share .of the strength of the University wasgiven to research and investigation, as distinguished from administration and teaching. Idesire at this time to indicate specifically, by wayof illustration, the thought which at that time Iendeavored to express. My illustrations are takenaltogether from the Departments of Mathematicsand the Natural Sciences. On a future occasionI shall use material which has been gatheredfrom the Departments ordinarly classed as theHumanities. *The proposition which I wish to present is this:Nearly every member of every Department in theUniversity is today engaged in investigative workin which effort is being put forth to make newcontributions toward the better understanding of the subject studied. I think it best under all thecircumstances not to mention in this statementthe specific names of persons thus engaged. Inmost cases, however, the mention of the subjectitself will carry with it a knowledge of the personengaged in the work.THE DEPARTMENT OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS.Mr. A is engaged in a systematic study ofdouble stars with the forty-inch telescope. Hisgreat general catalogue of all known double starsin the northern heavens, which he has been preparing during the past twenty-five years, is aboutto be published by the Carnegie Institution.Mr. B is engaged in a spectroscopic study ofstellar motions with the forty-inch telescope. Theresults he has already published represent thehighest degree of precision hitherto attained inthis field. Through his initiative several observatories in Europe, Africa, and the United Statesare co-operating in the observation of certainstandard stars. The results of his investigationswill serve as a basis for general studies of stellarrelationships and motions, and also of the motionof the solar system with respect to the stars.Mr. C is at work upon a triangulation of nearly700 stars in various star clusters. These observations will serve as a basis for future investigationsof the internal motions of these clusters. Hisobservations of the Fifth Satellite of Jupiter arethe only ones that have been obtained during thelast five years, on account of the difficulty ofobserving this exceedingly faint object. In theco-operative plan of observing the minor planetEros, participated in by many observatories inall parts of the world, he has obtained the mostextensive series of observations, comprising over1,500 measures on 73 nights. In addition tomany other micrometrical observations with thelarge telescope, he has undertaken an extensivephotographic survey of the Milky Way and otherobjects with the Bruce photographic telescope.Mr. D is engaged in investigations on themotions of the minor planets, with particular46 UNIVERSITY RECORDreference to the characteristic planets of theHilda type. He is also continuing his researcheson effective potential forces.Mr. E is engaged in a variety of theoreticalinvestigations, most of which involve the application of the methods of modern. mathematics toproblems of celestial mechanics. He is givingspecial attention to a critical study of the nebularhypothesis on dynamical grounds, and is also atwork on the theory of telescope objectives, withspecial reference to the use of non-spherical surfaces.Mr. F's work on the design and construction ofreflecting telescopes, and his photographs obtained with the two-foot reflector of the YerkesObservatory have exercised a wide influenceamong astronomers. His color-screen method ofconverting a visual telescope into a photographicone has yielded excellent results with the forty-inch telescope and is being adopted in other observatories.Mr. G is engaged in spectroscopic studies ofvarious stars with the large telescope. This workrelates particularly to certain very close doublestars discovered by Mr. B and Mr. G with theBruce spectrograph.Mr. H is engaged in determining the brightness of a large number of stars, particularly thosewhich vary in their brightness and which at minimum are beyond the reach of ordinary telescopes.Part of this work on very faint stars has beendone in co-operation with two or three of thelargest observatories in this country.Mr. J's investigations relate to the generalsubject of stellar evolution, and are threefold incharacter :i. Photographic studies of stellar spectra forthe purpose of determining the physical andchemical condition and the order of developmentof certain great classes of stars. With the collaboration of two other members of the Department, he has just completed an investigation ofone of the two classes of red stars, including their chemical composition, physical condition, motion in the direction of the earth, order of evolution, and relationship to the sun and other classesof stars.2. Studies of the sun made for the purpose ofelucidating both solar and stellar phenomena.3. Laboratory investigations bearing on problems of solar and stellar chemistry and physics.With the collaboration of another member of theDepartment, an investigation of spark spectra inliquids and compressed gases, and their bearingon the theory of temporary stars, has just beencompleted.THE DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS.Mr. A is engaged in work upon a rulingengine for the production of diffraction gratingsof a high order of perfection. Serious difficultieshave been encountered, but considerable progresshas been made upon this most important piece ofwork, and at present the prospect of attainingthe end sought is highly encouraging. The efficiency of the gratings which it is hoped thismachine will make will be at least twice that ofthe best gratings which have yet been produced.The difficulty of making a grating with twice theefficiency is as much greater than that of makingthe gratings which have been produced as thedifficulty of making a telescope objective ofeighty inches diameter is greater than that ofmaking one of forty inches diameter.Mr. A has also just begun an investigation ofthe effect of various agencies upon the position,breadth, distribution of light, and intensity ofspectral lines. He further expects to take upsoon the problem of the velocity of light.Messrs. B and C are engaged in the publication of a series of text-books which contain themost important of the undergraduate courses inphysics which have been developed here. Thiswork is considered necessary in order that theUniversity may exert an adequate influence uponphysics-teaching throughout the country. TwoUNIVERSITY RECORD 47of these texts have already appeared, and twomore are nearing completion.Mr. B is also co-operating with the Departments of Mathematics and Pedagogy in anendeavor to improve the teaching of mathematicsand physics in the secondary schools, and isabout to begin the collection of Mr. A's scatteredworks for publication in a single volume.Mr. C is, in addition, engaged in an investigation of the nature of electric discharge in highvacua. This investigation is designed to test animportant point in the modern electron theory ofmatter.Mr. D is in the midst of a research upon therelation of the sparking potential and the sparkdistance for distances of the order of the meanfree path of the molecule.Mr. E is assisting Mr. A in the perfection ofthe ruling engine, and is also co-operating withMr. C in the production of a physics text-bookfor elementary schools.Mr. F is engaged upon two pieces of research:(i) an examination of the conditions which governthe coherence between metals ; and (2) the influence of hysteresis upon electric resonance. Preliminary results of these investigations were presented by Mr. F to the American Association forthe Advancement of Science at its recent meetingin Washington.Mr. G is determining the index of refractionof sodium vapor for that portion of the spectrumwhich contains the sodium lines.THE DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY.Mr. A is at present engaged upon a study ofdissociation phenomena in the glycerine-glycolseries, as well as in the sugar group.Mr. B is making a study of equilibrium condi-* tions in calomel vapor, and also between amorphous and soluble sulphur.Mr, C is conducting two lines of work: (1)studies on molecular rearrangement, and of saponification and hydrolysis of organic compoundsby physico-chemical and synthetic- organic meth ods; and (2) studies on the existence of positivehalogen ions.Mr. D is conducting work upon the dissociation constants of dibasic acids.Mr. E upon the constitution of salts of organic cyanogen compounds.Mr. F upon dialkyl derivatives of hydroxyla-mine.THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY.Mr. A is engaged in the investigation of theKinderhook faunas of the Mississippi valley.Mr. B is engaged upon the graphical expression of the chemical composition of igneousrocks, with reference to their mineral constitutionand their classification.Mr. C has under investigation the glaciationof the western mountains and the geology of thecoastal plain.Mr. D is working upon a group of problemsrelating to the origin and early stages of theearth and upon the system of dynamics connectedtherewith.THE DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY.Mr. A is studying (1) the evolution of speciesas indicated in the genetic relations of color-patterns, voices, instincts, and general life-histories; (2) experiments in hybridizing species, toascertain, if possible, general laws governing thetransmission of hereditary characters, and theconditions necessary to creation of new species.Mr. B: (1) the method of evolution. Thequantitative study of the changes that a speciesundergoes in different localities and in differentgeological periods at one locality. Illustrated bystudies on the shells of the mollusk known as the" scallop " (Pecten) from different points on thecoast of North America and Europe and fromfossil beds in Virginia.Mr. C is working on problems in embryology:(1) the rdle of cell-division in development ; therelation of the process of cleavage of the ovum tothe formation of an embryo ; (2) the investigationof the problem of correlative differentiation, /. e.48 UNIVERSITY RECORDthe influences exerted by parts of an embryo uponthe development of other organs ; more particularly, at present, the mechanics of developmentof the amnion in the chick ; and allantois ; and theinfluence of the nervous system in the formationof organs.Mr. D is engaged in experimental study ofproblems connected with regeneration: (i) thefactors influencing regeneration and the effect ofaltered conditions ; (2) the differentiation of theregenerating structures and the differences between regenerated and original structures ; (3) thephysiology of form and form-regulation, i. e., thereturn to normal or typical form, after experimental alteration of form and especially theeffects of physical factors, e. g., pressure, tension,etc., upon form in the lower invertebrates.Mr. E is making experiments and statisticalinvestigations of the relations existing betweensome of the factors of the environment, /. e., temperature, humidity, food, topography, etc., andthe production of variations in insects, especiallyin the color-patterns of coleoptera; (2) investigating the evolution of large genera and of groupsof small genera, to determine if possible whatcauses are the dominant ones in the productionof new races and species, and the conditionsnecessary for their preservation ; based upon theexperiments and statistics (1) and the ontogenyand phylogeny of color-patterns, color variations,and geographical distribution.THE DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY.Mr. A is conducting research in problems ofanatomy and pathology of the nervous systemand in infectious diseases.Mr. B has completed, since coming to theUniversity, two papers : one on the structure ofthe cardiac glands of mammals ; the other, thestructure of Brunner's glands in mammals. Hehas under way three other researches: (1) on thestructure of Paneth cells ; (2) on the histology ofthe gastric glands of vertebrates ; (3) on thestructures of the human stomach. It is to be noted that these researches deal with the fineststructures of the digestive tract.Mr. C has made extensive researches in general anatomy, especially in vertebrate embryology.His experiments on the formation of the 'embryoin fish and amphibia are well known. More recently he has taken up the study of histogenesis,especially of fibrillated muscle cells and theirnuclei. At present he is engaged upon a studyof spermolysins and ovolysins.Mr. D has been making contributions to ourknowledge of the anatomy of the spleen, especially its framework, but is better known throughthe work of the last year and a half, conductedchiefly with Professor Ehrlich in Frankfurt, uponthe nature of poisons which act upon the blood,especially snake poison. His studies have attracted international attention and have a widebearing upon blood poisons in general.Mr. E has made a special study of the anatomyof the ducts and blood-vessels of the pancreas ofthe hog and their origin in the embryo and haspublished part of the results. He is now engagedupon the study of the, framework and wanderingcells of the mucous membrane of the humanstomach.Mr. F is engaged upon the study of the arrangement of the connective tissues in the mammalianlarynx and the study of the histogenesis of thelaryngeal glands in the pig. .Mr. G is engaged upon the study of the morphology of the head in vertebrates, and on thestudy of the changes in the structure of the mucousmembrane of the stomach following the operation of gastroenterostomy.Mr H. is making important observations inmethods of staining nerves with methylene blueand with Bethe's neuro-fibril method. Thesestudies have been concerned chiefly with thedegeneration of axones and nerve endings afternerve section or local pressure ; and further withthe effect of electrical stimulation on the structure and vital staining properties of nerve endings.UNIVERSITY RECORD 49Mr. J has worked out the distribution of theblood-vessels in the labyrinth of the ear of Susscrofa domesticus, the results appearing in the Decennial Publications of the University. He isnow engaged upon the study of the structure andfunction of the stria vascularis. He spent agreat deal of time and care in the preparation ofcasts and injections to form material for hisspecial course.THE DEPARTMENT OF NEUROLOGY.Mr. A is at work on the change in the percentage of water in the nervous system of the whiterat during the period between birth and fullmaturity.Mr. B is making a study of the relative activityof the white rat at different ages and at differenthours of the day.Mr. C is working on the effects of lecithin onthe growth of the central nervous system.Mr. D: on the law for the distribution of thenerve fibers which innervate the leg of thefrog.Mr. E: on an enumeration of the medullatednerve fibers in the dorsal and ventral roots ofthe spinal nerves of man.Mr. F: on the psychical development of theyoung white rat correlated with the growth of itsnervous system.Miss G: on the mode in which the white substance of the spinal cord of the rat increases inarea.Mr. H: on the healing of wounds of the brainat different ages between birth and maturity.Mr. J: on the axone reaction as observed inthe nucleus of the third cranial nerve of the whiterat.THE DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY.Mr. A is engaged in studying problems connected with the origin and evolution of seedplants. A book, just going through the press, forthe first time organizes the subject for the benefitof advanced and research students. Mr. B is at present investigating the problemsof fertilization among the lower plants. Theresults are distinctly pushing out the boundariesof our knowledge of one of the most fundamentallife-processes.Mr. C is investigating cytological problemsamong plants, and is completing an importantcontribution to our knowledge of the methods ofnuclear division.Mr. D is a large contributor to plant ecology,and is now engaged in organizing the subject forits first publication as a university text.Mr. F has been investigating certain important problems presented by the club-mosses,among which the origin of the seed-habit isprominent.Mr. G is engaged in investigating the causesof the forms assumed by plant bodies, as shownchiefly by lower plants. He has shown experimentally that form is in the main a phenomenonof chemistry and physics, and not to be explainedby any mystical vitalistic theory.Mr. H is investigating the ecological problemsthat underlie scientific forestry, his field of operations having been chiefly in the Rocky mountainsof Montana. He has just made an importantreport to the government on that region.Mr. J has in preparation a book for studentsof plant physiology in which for the first time thesubject will be considered from the standpoint ofmodern chemistry and physics.THE DEPARTMENT OF BACTERIOLOGY.Mr. A is engaged upon a study of some of thepoisonous substances produced by bacteria, especially those that affect the red blood-corpuscles.He is also preparing evidence to be used in thesuit between the states of Missouri and Illinoisconcerning the Chicago Drainage Canal.Mr. B has nearly completed a piece of workupon some disease-producing organisms found inhuman blood and closely related to the typhoidbacillus.50 UNIVERSITY RECORDTHE DEPARTMENT OF PALEONTOLOGY.The work upon which Mr. A is at presentengaged, and which will occupy the larger partof the next two years, is a monographic study ofthe extinct orders of Mesozoic reptiles known asthe 'Pterodactyls and Plesiosaurs. This investigation is aided by a grant from the CarnegieMuseum.Under the combined direction of Mr. A andMr. B, and with Mr. C's co-operation, Mr. D, aFellow, is engaged upon a study of the fossildiptera of America, based chiefly upon a collection loaned to the Department by the U. S.National Museum.ATTENDANCE AND ENROLMENT.While in the preceding year 2,439 studentswere present during only one Quarter, the numberthis year is 2,362. While in the preceding yearthe number of students in attendance during twoQuarters only was 893, this year the number is881. On the other hand, while in the precedingyear 1,210 students were present for three Quarters, this year the number has arisen to 1,360, again of 150; and while in the preceding year thenumber of students present throughout the fourQuarters was 225, this number has increased to255, about 16^ per cent.The statistics show, in reference to the numberof different students registered, a loss of about60 students in University College, and 140in the School of Education. The Unclassifiedstudents have gained 25, the Junior Colleges 56,the Divinity School 27, the Graduate School,Senior Colleges, and Medical School standingabout the same as last year.The total number of Associates during the yearis 198, the total number of Bachelors of Arts,Philosophy, and Science, 276, and the total numberof Doctors of Philosophy, 34.The attendance in the various divisions of theUniversity during the Spring Quarter, 1903, hasbeen as follows : aV aaI. The Departments of Arts, Literature, and Science :1. The Graduate Schools —Arts and Literature :In the Quadrangles 1275121S3 90423***6 217914459*In University College 226Science :In the Quadrangles *In University College. Medical School 203Total Graduate Schools 30617212615286910475 123154422891118440 429326528IS57520X131452. The Colleges —Senior :*In University College Medical School 374Junior:Medical School Unclassified : 606176Total Colleges 57i103n2234 58537 1,156106182234II. The Divinity School :Graduate School Unclassified Dano- Norwegian Swedish Total Divinity Schools 17011210 1046211 180. 1165928111 180III. The Medical School:Medical Graduate Seniors Juniors *. . . .Unclassified Total Medical School 20138*3 141 215391513 21SIV. The Law School :Graduate Seniors <Special students .- Total Law School 662 186 6788 6788V. School of Education Total all Schools 1,316104 819•9 2,i35113 2,13s"3Deduct for repetition Final total 1,212 810 2,022Total in University College 20 59 79The attendance during successive Spring Quarters has been as follows :Spring Quarter 1893" " l894" 1895," " 1896,!I !! l897'" " 1898." " l899>1900," " 1901." "1902."• " 1903. 5157016627^56997007878391,069 13124032836036739550048858i718810 5597551,0291,022i,i321,0941,2001,2751,4201,7292,022UNIVERSITY RECORD 51These figures show a gain of 17 per cent, forthe present Quarter over the attendance for theSpring Quarter of 1902.INSTRUCTORS ON LEAVE OF ABSENCE.During the quarter now closing the followingmembers of the staff have been on leave ofabsence :Professors : Butler, Judson, Von Hoist, Tarbell, ShailerMathews, Capps, Charles Chandler, Manley, Wilkinson,MacClintock, Bolza, Stratton, Salisbury, Penrose, Stewart,Coulter, Beale.Associate Professors : Thomas, Raymond, F. J. Miller,Pietsch, Herrick, Stieglitz, Moncrief, Duncan.Assistant Professors : A. W. Moore, Hill, Schwill, Howerth, Arnolt, Willett, Schmidt- Wartenberg, Moody, Slaught,Mann.Instructors: Thompson, Bechtel, Linn, Boyd, Gale,Kyes, Shambaugh, Pusey.Associates : Bruere, Tower.Docents : Breckinridge, Buckley, Yoshioka, Hammond.GIFTS PROMISED DURING YEAR 1901-02.I. Already announced - $1,498,401.27II. Not announced ;1. Manual Training School building - 130,000.002. Account of Law School building - 80,000.003. Furniture for Tower group and Commons ------ 60,000.004. University College, from Mrs. Emmons Blaine - 6,200.005. Cornelia Stillwell Bequest - - 2,000.006. For German books, from GermanSociety of Chicago - - - 459797. For changes at Yerkes Observatory,from George E. Hale - - - 64.808. Egyptian Exploration Fund Committee — Antiquities.9. From French minister of public instruction, valuable books and documents in French history.10. For a horizontal reflecting telescope,as a memorial to the late George W.Snow, from Miss Helen Snow - - 10,00011. I am permitted to mention that, inaddition to the above, gifts not hitherto announced have been made for books, press equipment, extensionand modification of buildings, including a gift toward the Tower Groupand the Gymnasium, and anothergift toward the enlargement of thePower Plant, as reported by theAuditor to the amount of - - - 342,431.10Total not before announced - $ 631,155.69Total gifts for the year now closing $2,129,556.96Total gifts actually paid in duringthe year - 2,330,094.78In securities - 1,060,600.00In cash 1,269,494.78THE ORATOR OF THE DAY.In view of the many honors bestowed upon ourguest through all his years of service, and thealmost countless statements of appreciation andesteem which have been addressed to him, anyexpression on our part, however strong and sincere, can add little or nothing to the meed ofpraise and appreciation which has already beenawarded him. And yet, an institution so definitelyobligated to him and to his work as is this institution ; a body of teachers, so many of whom havebeen directly or indirectly associated with hiswork; a company of investigators so largely interested in the great movement of which he isnow the head — cannot in justice forego the privilege of such expression as I have just suggested.On behalf of the University of Chicago, its teachers and its investigators, I desire, therefore, tomake an earnest acknowledgment of the debt ofgratitude which we owe him for a service whichis unique in the history of university education inthis country; a service far reaching and affectingclosely every other field of educational activity.It is with the greatest satisfaction and pleasurethat we welcome him. And for the special service rendered us today we would offer him ourspecial thanks.52 UNIVERSITY RECORDANNUAL STATISTICS, 1902-3.NUMBER OF STUDENTS, 1902-3, ACCORDING TO QUARTERS IN RESIDENCE.OneQuarter TwoQuarters ThreeQuarters FourQuarters ThreeQuarterBasis Repetitions Net Total :on ThreeSchools .Quarters On ThreeQuarterBasis QuarterBasisThe Graduate Schools of Arts,Literature, and Science -The Senior CollegesThe Junior CollegesThe Unclassified Students -University CollegeThe Divinity SchoolThe Law School -The Medical Students -The College of Education - 665216161528741971476431 120841386633954114920 20418146268531165315766 7637611339209 601358%689305%303%269%65241%235 10781813292271384 Si*272%46V4 571%331%686%30129426956195%233%Total - 2,362 881 1,360 255 409Three Quarter Basis ISIK 587M 1,360 340 3,014,% 136H 2,9383iNOTE.—The academic year of the University of Chicago extends over four Quarters. During each or all of these a student maybe in residence. To enable an exact comparison of student attendance with that of other institutions having the customary threeQuarter (= nine months) system, the attendance of students in 1902-3 has been reduced in this table to the three Quarter system.A student in residence one Quarter represents one-third of a unit ; in residence two Quarters, two-thirds of a unit ; in residencethree Quarters, one unit; and in residence four Quarters, four-thirds of a unit on this three Quarter basis.The corresponding figures for the year 1901-2 were as follows:One Quarter Two Quarters ThreeQuarters Four Quarters TotalTotal attendance 2,439 893 1,210 225Three Quarter Basis ----- 813 595% 1,210 300 2,pi8%THE GRADUATE SCHOOLS.CLASSIFICATION OF STUDENTS WITH REFERENCE TO HIGHER DEGREES.Men Women TotalI. Doctors of Philosophy pursuing special courses ------II. Students admitted to candidacy for higher degrees III. Students not as yet admitted to candidacy - 2296591 035321 22131912Total for year 1902-3 - 709 356 1,065UNIVERSITY RECORD 53TOTALS FOR DIFFERENT STUDENTS, 1902-3.Schools and Colleges. Totals without Repetitions Repetitions Totals, RepetitionsDeductedMen Women Total Men Women Total Men Women TotalThe Graduate Schools -The Senior CollegesThe Junior CollegesThe Unclassified StudentsUniversity College -The Divinity SchoolThe Law School -The Medical Students -The College of Education 709265402236933747627321 35625341943937332229505 106551882167546640678302526 ;sok3ux602 17X482728710 68noy22036712 658^202^371^222^86^37121319 338^205392411359^32222495 997407^763J^633^4464036sy2235514Grand total - 2,449 2,408 4,857 243 151 394 2206 2251 4,4&3Note. — In case a student registers in two schools at the same time, say the Graduate Schools and the Medical School, or ifhe has been an equally long period in one school and in another, he is credited half to the one school and half to the other. Thisaccounts for the occurrence of the fraction % in these lists.Total number of different students enrolled for the Academic year :1898-9 2,959 1900-1 3,5201899-1900 3,183 1901-2 4,5501902-3 4,463GRADUATES OF THE UNIVERSITY BY YEARS.METHOD OF CLASSIFICATION BY YEARS : ALL GRADUATES FROM JULY I OF ONE YEAR TO JULY I OF THE NEXTYEAR ARE ENROLLED AS GRADUATES OF THE LATTER YEAR.Class Bachelorsof ArtsPhilosophy,and Science Bachelors ofDivinity Bachelorsof Laws Masters ofArts, Philosophy, andScience Doctors ofPhilosophy Doctors ofLaw (J. D.) Re-enacted Total1893 -1894 -1895 -1896 -1897 -1898 -1899 - --1900 -1901 -1902 -1903 (IncludingSpring Quarter) 122858105129145169162214291276 1163329251517181719 1 311101520151533222646 38162327342348362634 6 372223241 295387183227221225262294361382Totals - 1,589 163 1 216 218 6 11 2,32454 UNIVERSITY RECORDo o 51CO COO«0Q '»¦c© b- Oi toB b- b- >oo CM oo*O d HO ^ OiCO -* O1 CO CO *>CO —4 b- ^H wo +3 rH tH vO«a O <N tH fCHPh fl<J © O CO COo a a> CM >io >s5 © CM rHCM S8S rH rH CMP cfl o b- IN-*3 ¦rH ^ 00r<5£ <N rHd3 © -*H rH ^oP a O CM 04G? o tH rs£H rt SS CO Oifc © CO CM to£ a rH rH cmP *e3 b» io <s-m <M ID 00tf o <M rHH H *0d•^ © CD rH i>P a O <N *HG^ o >S£g3 a rH tH ^O© CO CO toa rH rH CMC<1o "3 rH iO v©CN CO 00V©c ^H <Nd«« © rH CO 1>P g iO tH o*g> o rH "«-i£s 0 O 05 c?i3 © b- rH oopm 3 <N CM •*<D CDU OP a-M CD CO?J cS 5? ^O o CQ 8O +3 «»-i n3ffl a o ^in 8 *»eS024^>M<3 rj CD'a? ^-J— > a3Q «M a3 U< o 2 O« o ¦^ z.O o 2 a3HCDce V,r\o oUNIVERSITY RECORD 55EHm?502sHPcuP4HP5 s2§ i—i-MIS £P* d<l ©P drv 0£ £a d1 ©wow?Jooos 33 sa 3!»ai ii i i i ID 00 rHID b- rHOS CM rH CO IDC5 CM rH COI rfI I I 00toCMNOf0oOnpqrdfe fflCD CQ303 CDOCD CDPQ<j h3 QQCD CD CDbn bn bf)CD CD <Do o OO o Ou u IHO o od d dCD CD CD cdo.oCD c<3 PQ . PQ . pq& pq JX| ^ pq aPh CO «i Ph CQ Ph CDbeoO H3CD -M?. CQ^3c6.5 * beoDT3d-?-3QQ•"d •dCQ T3CQ03.1 so rg CQT303O OEH£ 3.- 'd.« .PQ ». , oQ. QQd s.u£ obcce oqq en•g HD43CM O ©,d*y56 UNIVERSITY RECORDHIBBlOP?3 COOEH "3o CO kO O COCO OO GO CMrH CO rH rH 500ao b- tK rH b-CO Oi ^H r-\CM o*>HMSd© CO rH Oi COCO Oi CO orH rH §**COppC]J 130H LO CO 00 CO00 b- rH OiCM r-i Ind©1 Oi b- rH cqCO rH CM rHCM 2*d©3 CO Oi b- -HH<* in oi go CO2?CX>COp«s1MHfcH 131 ^ b- CO rHOi OO CO rHCM rH ^d©ao r*< HO b- LOTh CM CM rHCM >H>H00d© O CM CO COiO CO O Oi COCQO«§P&I 'eelOEH 00 -HH b- b-Q CO rH OCO rH rH O00d©a1 rH CO CO COLd lO CO rHCM COCOd©3 b- 00 rH tH-rH b- rH OirH COooCMpwH«<P«ap02 13oH CO 00 O 0000 CO lO CM tNd©a1 00 rH CO lOrH ^ rH 1>d©3 iO b- b- COrH CM CO CMcfCI^<C nx)-IDJDsD— ¦»HHJuniorCollegeofArts(A.B.)-JuniorCollegeofLiterature(Ph.B.)-JuniorCollegeofScience(S.B.)-JuniorCollegeofCommerceandAdministration(Ph.B.) CQ©CD'ooO'3d*¦*d•i—i15OH P3 co^_PhhGQ «5 Ui© ©id coo **£d *©5 opo 2Eha ^g ido Oi| §© iO3 ^13 roI 8£HJ25WQHCOQ /«N -H rH tHH b- ^H ^oH OO CM oo b- V©S o CM "Tft fc © CO 00 rH GO CO5 s ao IQ rH CO COCM coIsh3C0o d© CM CO COCM COCO 2SEh a^o c3 Oi >o O ^2 aW O CN rti INH EhPi d<3P ao ^HH ^H rHr-i s OiC5 £@ * \o rH Oi »o COPh 3 CM^ ^H rH CO CO M43 b- CM 00 CO ^rro CM ^BP5 dP ©ao O CO s sCM coisco&H d© <HH IO CO & 25» CM CM CO oo£ S£3 1343 b- ^ Oi CO fOkO CM b- CM 00oH CM *0d© Oi 00 IO b- OiP ao CO rH LO 00rH Oi<M§ £p d oo CO -rH CO SJH rH CM CO oo5 3CM -hO CCJP3 O 1 1 1 1H HB« d<< ©P a 1 1 1 1 1c3? o 1 1 1£s d .© |pCO 3 1 1 1. . . -©beoO oOw t >^J 4^>J CQo Uo CO i ¦ CO ©0Ord -4-»>< CQ CO d dH ©fin © © t>CO OI £ © d d> ©H-3 oO OO QQ ISH- ( 03 ^ 4^»^P P O o ©cd oHc3 0 du © d COo OQ 1-5 C3© © © oJ ,d rd dEH H H !->UNIVERSITY RECORD 57wu<wH<OPh<ssCO ^^ Oi r-^ CM b- b- ^oH CO CO tH CM co oB £ CM« 02B h d© O rH rH 1 1 04a rH rH rH 1 1 COwP o£ ]?3 02OEh d Oi a rHCO b-CM b-co sS CM COCO©B 13 § OOrH (MCM CO oood2 CO b- 1 1 OP a 1 1 *H0d CO rH CM ^ COs o rH CM CO ?>p*CO 3 rH >Hp 1343 CMrH 8 COCM CO 0\« o r-iB Ehd<J © rH 00 1 1 Oip a 1 1©• oB £H d r-\ kO CO ^H COfc T"H rH CM CO oo3 rH >HS CO Oi b- CO oo43 r-i rH CM CO oft o r-iB H»5 d<4 © ^H tH 1 1 ooP a 1 1cy ofc £ap d CM lO b- CO COH rH rH CM CO OiiS 3 rH fH© 134= 0000 CO CM 1 1 *NOCOB £ rH enP3 d< © 00 CM rH 1 1 >HP a rH 1 1 O*cv oB £s d. O tH rH 1 1 w*g © 00 CO 1 1 >Hp S ^ cmCQ r>> ^rH ud ff? a©CO ceJ q ©d d da CQdOo pdo CO ©"o ©CO ©H3CJCO CO•** 4^>*d 13 2 13 dCOr* d • r-l tf dcS© bno rNH-3Hi—i >5 ftT3 o©,4 o©rd d> © ©cd H H Qft H-3e3p CQCQ rdCQ £ rdCQ 13W r0 03 o TS o03 O bn d ©U d fl ce f%o & H P CO© © © © ©rd rd rd ,d rdH H H H H HfeB EH *0M 02dft fc ©hg a °iJC0 O <M< s °*o ® t^EH 3 <MP1 13 ^j-43 ^Jd©a 35 rH3 s °B 13 NP3B 1 J?Eh wH« d< ©P a <3ic 0 rHrt £B§ wH l2 r-l^ 3 CMCQ I_H© * rP4 0 NB Eh «EHP3 d< ©P 8 rHO CM<ya £g5 5 c®a 3§ 3 o.B ^ "Pi! d<1 ©P a wo» oP3 ^Bag § ?5pXfl S ^*COHr?Wft£>HcorJ<5OftWSwrHH58 UNIVERSITY RECORDwuWHH<O><SsDGO Btf 02HBft toft Be§<<HOEH 134-> Oi CM 00 GiCO rH rH ooIN oorH NOSa$ :m o o o C^ CM •*d© b- CM 00 G*CO rH r-{ COb* COrH 2£OiPB«PCB 1— 1oEH CM CM 00 U0CO rH rH In CD PCInd©s1 rH O O O rH O rHd© rH CM CO lOCO rH rH COCO CO CMb-PpMBto 13OEH Q CM b- 00CO rH rH IN Ci v©INd©a1 rH O O O rH o rH83 Oi CM b- 00CM rH rH COCO Oi BP6«PG1fcPEH5 13oEH CM <M CO rHCO rH rH MV© rH NOINd©s1 CM O O O CM CM ^Hd© Q CM CO rHCO tH tH 3 COr-\ COb-p«BEHft?<1P«Bspco 130EH 1 1 1 1 1 1 1d©a0 1 1 1 1 1 1 id© 1 1 1 1 1 1 1THELAWSCHOOLrH 'a g s1 i 1 1•d © rf| ftfr CO H CO "oOoCOhH©rd.9134^»o co .md .©a•4-3s ¦ft©S-i ^1513¦ S4J CO©d.SCO id<H0HH« 13 v©o NH ICd© *o^ Cio *o£d >H3 c^THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO.The Law School of the University was opened October I, 1902. The standard ofrequirements has been so arranged as to make the school practically a graduate school.One year may be saved by the student in the combined work of the college and the LawSchool under a plan which admits to the professional courses in law those who have completed three years of college work, the bachelor's degree being conferred at the end of thefirst year of the professional course. The new building of the Law School will be completedby January 1, 1904.The Medical School work is done in co-operation with Rush Medical College, the coursesof the first and second years being taken at the University. The work of the Senior College(third and fourth years) at the University is elective, with the exception of three Majors(one Quarter's work) of philosophy and history, required for the degree of Bachelor ofScience, or six Majors of similar work required for the degree of Bachelor of Arts or Bachelorof Philosophy. The student may elect for the last two years of his course for the Bachelor'sdegree, work in the sciences fundamental to medicine, which covers the work of the first twoyears of the medical curriculum. Thus, the Bachelor's degree and the degree of Doctor ofMedicine may be secured in from six years to six years and a half.The Divinity School permits Graduate and Senior College students to register in allits departments. In the fourth year of college work a student may elect a large part ofhis work from the curriculum of the Divinity School. The courses thus elected will becounted in credit for the degree of Bachelor of Arts and also for the degree of Bachelor ofDivinity.The College of Education, organized primarily to train teachers for elementary and secondary school work, offers graduate courses in many departments. The new, commodiousbuildings of this College will be ready for occupancy with the beginning of the AutumnQuarter, 1903.The College of Commerce and Administration offers courses specially adapted to studentswho plan to enter upon careers in banking, insurance, railway administration, journalism, orgeneral business.The University gives credit for undergraduate work successfully taken in other institutions of similar grade.All communications should be addressed toTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO,CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.The Journals of the University of ChicagoBEING THE DESCRIPTIVE LIST OF ONE WEEKLY, FIVEMONTHLY, ONE BI-MONTHLY, THREE QUARTERLY,AND ONE SEMI-QUARTERLY PUBLICATIONS Jt •* J*THE BIBLICAL WORLDEdited by President W. R. Harper. A popular illustratedmonthly magazine. Subscription price, in the United States,$2.00 a year; foreign, $2.50; single copies, 20 cents.The Biblical World is devoted exclusively to biblical study, and so edited and illustrated as to affordthe greatest aid to the busy clergyman, the progressive Sunday-school teacher, and the thinkinglayman.THE SCHOOL REVIEWEdited by The University of Chicago School of Education,John Dewey, Director. George H. Locke, ManagingEditor. Published monthly, except in July and August.Subscription price, in the United States, $1.50 a year;foreign, $2.00 ; single copies, 20 cents.So adequately has the School Review served theinterests of high-school and academy work that ithas come to be recognized as the official organ ofsecondary education in the United States. It isdevoted exclusively to this field, is progressive,practical, and helpful, and is indispensable to everyteacher.THE BOTANICAL GAZETTEEdited by John M. Coulter. Published monthly, with illustrations. Subscription price, in the United States, $4.00a year ; foreign, $4.50 '» single copies, 40 cents.The Botanical Gazette is an illustrated monthlyjournal devoted to botany in its widest sense. Formore than twenty years it has been the representative American journal of botany, containing contributions from the leading botanists of America andEurope.THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGYEdited by Albion W. Small. Published bi-monthly, withillustrations. Subscription price, in the United States, $2.00a year; foreign, $2.50; single copies, 35 cents.The special aim of the American Journal of Sociology is to show that the " social problem" is bothmany problems and one problem. It has alreadymade itself indispensable to Americans who aretrying to keep informed about the general tendencies in the rapidly changing field of sociology.THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SEMITICLANGUAGES AND LITERATURESEdited by President William R. Harper. Published quarterlySubscription price, in the United States, $3.00 a year; foreign, $3.25 ; single copies, 75 cents.The object of this journal is to encourage thestudy of the Semitic languages and literatures, tofurnish information concerning the work of Semiticstudents at home and abroad, and to act as a mediumfor the publication of scientific contributions in thosedepartments. Articles are published in German,French, and Latin, as well as in English. THE JOURNAL OF GEOLOGYEdited by T. C. Chamberlin. Published semi-quarterly, withillustrations. Subscription price, in the United States, $3.00a year; foreign, $3.50; single copies, 50 cents.Devoted to the interests of geology and the alliedsciences, and contains articles covering a wide rangeof subjects. Adapted to young geologists, advancedstudents, and teachers.THE ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNALEdited by George E. Hale and Edwin B. Frost. Publishedmonthly, except in February and August, with illustrations. Subscription price, in the United States, $4.00 ayear; foreign, $4.50; single copies, 50 cents.An international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics. Invaluable to all who are interested in astronomy and astrophysics.THE JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMYEdited by J. Laurence Laughlin. Published quarterly,Subscription price, in the United States, $3.00 a year; foreign* $3*4°; single copies, 75 cents.This publication promotes the scientific treatmentof problems in practical economics, and also contains contributions on topics of theoretical andspeculative interest.THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THEOLOGYEdited by the Divinity Faculty of the University of Chicago.Published quarterly. Subscription price, in the United States.$3.00 a year; foreign, $3.50; single copies, 75 cents.The only journal in the world so catholic in itsscope as to cover the entire field of modern investigation and research in all the different lines oftheological thought represented by special fields andparticular schools.THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHEREdited by The University of Chicago School of Education,John Dewev, Director. Mrs. Ella F. Young, ManagingEditor. Published monthly, except in August and September. Subscription price, in the United States, $1.50 ayear; foreign, $2.00; single copies, 20 cents.A monthly periodical for teachers, principals,and superintendents. Each number contains practical plans for teaching in every grade from thekindergarten through the eight" grades and thepedagogic schools.THE UNIVERSITY RECORDEdited by the Recorder of the University. Published monthly.Yearly subscription, $1.00 ; single copies 10 cents.The University Record is the official monthly publication of the University of Chicago.SAMPLE COPIES FREE ON REQUEST. ADDRESSTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOPRE5S && CHICAGO, ILLINOIS