VOLUME VII NUMBER 7University RecordNOVEMBER, 1902THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO DECENNIAL PUBLICATIONS.ANNOUNCEMENT.The Editorial Committee of the Decennial Publications desire to give in this Announcementa statement, so far as possible complete and final, of the contents of the eight volumes of investigations in the First Series, and the full number and designation of the volumes constituting the SecondSeries of these Publications. The order of the articles in the First Series is subject to change, andthere may be some additions and omissions as the work approaches completion. More than halfof the articles are now in type and the manuscripts of most of the remainder are in hand ; the Committee confidently expects, therefore, to be able to issue early in 1903 all of the First Series, with thepossible exception of Vol. V. The volumes of the Second Series will be issued from now on in rapidsuccession. Articles marked (*) are issued as preprints.The Decennial Publications are printed and published by the University of Chicago Press.FIRST SERIES.Two volumes of reports and eight volumes ofinvestigations, the latter consisting of a collectionof articles representing the work of research ofthe several departments of the University organized during the decennium. Quarto, 8^4 X n}£inches. The articles will all be issued also as reprints, with special, heavy-paper covers.volume 1.WE PRESIDENT'S REPORT. A. ADMINISTRATION.VOLUME II [In Press].THE PRESIDENT'S REPORT. B. PUBLICATIONS [OF THE MEMBERSOF THE UNIVERSITY.VOLUME III [//? Press}.Part i* Systematic Theology, Church History, Practical Theology. ,1. Franklin Johnson, Professor of ChurchHistory, Have We the Likeness of Christ?With 16 half-tone illustrations. Pp. 1-21.A detailed refutation of the view that is widely heldthat the representations of Christ in early Christian artgo back to a painter contemporary with Christ. 2. Charles Richmond Henderson, Professorof Sociology, Practical Sociology in the Service of Social Ethics. Pp. 23-40.This essay attempts to prove that there is need for ameditating scientific discipline between explanatory socialscience and the traditional outlines of conduct in works onethics ; and to indicate how far sociologists have alreadygone in this direction. " Social technology " is suggested asthe most exact designation for this branch of investigation.Evidence that such a discipline is legitimate is derivedfrom Aristotle and from the latest ethical writers. That thisdiscipline may be made truly scientific, and should bedistinguished from "art," is urged in connection with acriticism of passages in Mill's Logic. That encouragingresults have already been obtained is shown by referencesto the literature of practical economics and to bodies of regulative principles in various large fields of conduct.3. Galusha Anderson, Professor and Head ofthe Department of Homiletics, The Elementsof Chrysostom's Power as a Preacher.His training for his life-work at home and at school, bystudy and practice of law, self-imposed asceticism, study ofthe Bible, painstaking writing of treatises, labors among thepoor; his method of preaching; his luminous life; his abund-211212 UNIVERSITY RECORDance of apt illustrations; the prominence of the ethical element in his homilies; his boldness and persistence; his personality projected into his discourses.Part 2* Philosophy, Education.:*i. James Hayden Tufts, Professor of Philosophy, On the Genesis of the ^Esthetic Categories.Pp. i~35.An examination of the commonly recognized aestheticcategories from the point of view of social psychology.The paper aims to show that such categories as " objectivity," "universality," "disinterestedness," etc., receivetheir most satisfactory explanation from the standpoint ofsocial, rather than from that of individual, psychology.*2. James Rowland Angell, Associate Professor of Experimental Psychology. A Preliminary Study of the Significance of PartialTones in the Localizatidn of Sound. With 3text figures; Pp. 37^55-This paper is a report of experiments made in thePsychological Laboratory. The results show that tonalcomplexity is practically essential for such accuracy of localization as we commonly possess. Pure tones can apparentlybe assigned with approximate confidence only to two planes^and within these planes the localizing of particular points oforigin for sounds is very inaccurate.*3. James Rowland Angell. The Relations ofStructural and Functional Psychology to Philosophy.A critical examination of the applicability to consciousness of the ideas of structure and function leads to certainlimitations upon the use of these terms current in biology.In psychology the two conceptions are shown to involvephases simply of single events. Functional psychology isthen shown to merge inevitably with the philosophical disciplines, e. g., ethics, logic, aesthetics, etc.4. James Hayden Tufts. The Individual andhis Relation to Society as Reflected in theBritish Ethics of the Eighteenth Century.A study of the conceptions of the individual whichunderlie the ethical theories of the leading writers fromShaftesbury to Adam Smith. Especial attention has beengiven to the anticipation by these authors of problemswhich are now under discussion in social psychology : e. g,tthe individual as the unit or the outcome of society, thefunction of " sympathy " as a socializing force, etc. Theappearance of the moral sense theory prior to Shaftesburyis noted. 5. John Dewey, Professor and Head of the Department of Philosophy. The Content ofSavage Morality.This is> a discussion of the system of moral obligationsarid approvals existing among people of a low stage ofcivilization. It is divided into two parts, the first discussingthe principle to be employed in deciding that any given customor mode of action belongs properly within the ethical sphere,while the second employs this principle to select and classifyspecific habits and modes of conduct as moral.6. Addison Webster Moore, Assistant Professorof Philosophy. Existence^ Meaning, and Reality in Locke's and in Present- Day Epistemology.Locke's fundamental conceptions of the relation of existence, meaning, and reality in his '• theory of knowledgeare these: (i) That it is the function of thought merely to"reflect," "report^" "represent," or in some way symbolizereality; (2) that the distinction of meaning and existenceis; "giveri^" reality being identified with the latter; (3)that reality is a completed, fixed, immovable system of existence. As a substitute for these the paper offers the following theses: (1) That reality cannot be identified with eitherexistence or meaning as such; (2) that the distinction ofmeaning and Existence is not "given," but is 6ne constructedinside reality; (3) that thought does hot merely reflect andrepresent reality, but helps to Constitute it; (4) that, constituted by existence and meaning, reality is not completedand immovable, but essentially dynamic and developmentalVOLUME IV.POLITICAL ECONOMY, POLITICAL SCIENCE, HISTORY, SdcibttiQY.*i. J. Laurence Laughlin, Professor and Headof the Department of Political Economy.Credit. Pp. 1-28. Net, 50 cents; postpaid,53 cents.The nature of credit and its effect on prices have longbeen a subject of disagreement among economists. Its basisis commonly assumed to be money, or bank reserves. Thisstudy departs from the usual treatment by first showing thatcredit in its last analysis is always based on goods and noton money. It then proposes a new classification into normaland abnormal credit, the former being no greater than, andthe latter in excess of, salable goods actually owned by theborrower. Abnormal credit is a synonym for overtrading.The outcome of the exposition in regard to credit and pricesshows that normal credit has practically no effect on generalprices. A steady enlargement of normal credit is constantlygoing on consistently with the legitimate fall of the generalprice-level. Abnormal credit, on the contrary, raises pricesall around, but, because it is not based upon goods, but ona delusion, the rise of prices always results in a collapse assoon as the delusion is pricked.UNIVERSITY RECORD 2132. Thorstein B. Vebxen. The Use of LoanCredit in Modern Business. Pp. 29-50.The paper advances a theory to the effect that, undermodern conditions, the aggregate loan credit of the businesscommunity necessarily exceeds what would be called a "normal" or conservative amount; that this "undue'' credit extension swells the capitalized value of industrial property byapproximately its full amount, at the same time that it doesnot increase the industrial equipment, or the efficiency ofindustry taken as a whole; that such credit extension, therefore, is of no service to the community at large, or to thebusiness community taken as a whole; and that its chiefeffect is to bring gain to creditors and holders of fundsstanding outside the industrial process, and at the cost ofthe men engaged in industry. The argument deals with themotives which lead business men to extend their borrowingbeyond "due" limits, and the methods by which credit transactions of this class are carried out.*3. Frederick Starr, Associate Professor of Anthropology. The Physical Characters of theIndians of Southern Mexico. With a color-chartand thirty half-tone illustrations. Pp. 51-109.Net, 75 cents; postpaid, 81 cents.This contribution contains the results of physical examinations and measurements taken during the author's five-years* investigation upon the physical types of south MexicanIndians. In it the author first outlines the purpose andmethods of the investigation; he then discusses several of themore anthropological data, one after another, and considerstheir range, variation, and significance through the twenty-three tribes; lastly, each tribe is considered in detail, and itscharacters and type are defined. At least one subject fromeach tribe is represented m front and profile portrait views. Asketch map shows the geographical locations of the tribesinvestigated, and a color diagram is introduced. The workis the only serious study yet printed upon the anthropologically little-known tribes of this region.*4. Albion W. Small, Professor and Head of theDepartment of Sociology. The Significanceof Sociology for Ethics. Pp. 111-149. 50cents, net) postpaid, 57 cents.An attempt to support two propositions: (1) Every ethical system with a concerted content virtually presupposes asociology. (2) There can be no generally recognized ethicalstandards until we have a generally accepted sociology.5. Oliver J. Thatcher, Associate Professor ofMediaeval and English History. Studies Concerning Adrian IV.(1) An Investigation of the Grant of Ireland by AdrianIV. to Henry II. '(2) The Bull Laudabiliter. (3) The Congratulatory Letter of Henry II. to Adrian IV. (4) ALetter of Gerhoh of Reichersberg to Adrian IV. concerningthe heresies of the time.After an account of the famous controversy concerningthe papal grant of Ireland to the English king, the authorhimself investigates the question, following the line of argument first set forth by Professor Scheffer-Boichorst butsince neglected. The conclusions thus reached are furtherstrengthened and elucidated by the use of a papal letter hitherto unnoticed in this connection. The documentknown as Laudabiliter and the congratulatory letter ofHenry II. to Adrian IV. are shown to be rhetorical exercises,and hence without value.6. William I. Thomas, Associate Professor ofSociology. The Relation of the Medicine Manto the Origin of the Professional Occupations.An examination of Mr. Spencer's theory that thelearned and artistic occupations originated in the attentionsand services rendered by medicine-men to the spirits ofdead rulers, and that the medicine-man was in a favorableposition to develop knowledge and art because of the leisurehe enjoyed in consequence of having his economic needssupplied by others. Development of the contrary view thatthe origins of knowledge and art are not found exclusively inconnection with attention to either dead or living rulers;that in so far as they are connected with court life they areprominently connected with the hanger-on class; that themedicine -man was not greatly inclined to use his leisurefor research; and that, in general, the development of theoccupations is a phase of the division of labor, dependent oneconomic conditions rather than on the presence of anyparticular set of individuals.7. Ernst Freund, Professor of Law. Empireand Sovereignty.A study of the constitution of the supreme power inpolitical systems which are not perfectly consolidated. Thetypes examined are: the federal state, the autonomouscolony or dependency, and the protectorate, three forms ofpolitical connection characteristic of empires. The object ofthe essay is to show that in each of these three systems thesupreme power is either legally or constitutionally limited,and that absence of sovereignty does not necessarily constitute a defect in imperial organization.8. James Westfall Thompson, The Decline ofthe Missi Dominici in Frankish Gaul.A study of a particular phase of the decline of theFrank monarchy and the upgrowth of the feudal regime.The usurpation of the powerful office of the missus by dukesand counts, and the approximation of the circuits of themissi dominici to the lines of dioceses and feudal provincesis traced in detail, in connection with the unsuccessful214 UNIVERSITY RECORDattempts of Charlemagne's followers to re-establish theinstitution which he founded.9. Harry Pratt Judson, Professor of Comparative Politics and Diplomacy and Head of theDepartment of Political Science. The Essential Elements of a Written Constitution.A study of the nature of organic law, with an unalysisof a constitution of government. The attempt is made todevelop the essentials of a complete constitution, showingthe limits. or variation for essentials and non-essentials.VOLUME V.THE SEMITIC LANGUAGES AND LITER ATURES,\BIBLICAL ANDPATRISTIC GREEK, COMPARATIVE RELIGION.1. Edgar Johnson Goodspeed, Assistant Professor of Biblical and Patristic Greek. GreekPapyri from the Cairo Museum, together withPapyri of Roman Egypt from American Collections. Pp. 1-80.This contribution presents forty documents and literaryfragments. All the periods of Greek papyri — Ptolemaic,Roman, and Byzantine — are represented, the pieces beingtaken from the collections of the Cairo Museum, WestminsterCollege, Field Columbian Museum, and the private collectionof the editor. The texts are accompanied by introductionsand notes, and translations are appended to the moretechnical or extensive ones.2. Robert Francis Harper, Professor of Semitic Languages and Literatures. The Officialsmentioned in the Assyrian and Babylonian Letters of the Kouyunjik Collections of the BritishMuseum.A list of the officials found in these letters, with a citation of all the passages in which they are mentioned.3. James Henry Breasted, Associate Professorof Egyptology and Semitic Languages.The Battle of Kadesh. With several plates.4. John M. P. Smith, Associate in SemiticLanguages and Literatures. The Letters ofNabu-bel-Sanate belonging to the KouyunjikCollection of the British Museum.Transliterations and translations, to which are appended some critical notes.5. Ira M. Price, Professor of the Semitic Languages and Literatures. A Cone Inscriptionof Rim Sin.Arioch of Ellasar was one of the confederates ofChedorlaomer of Elam, when the latter made his militarycampaign against rebellious subjects in the West in thetwenty-third century, B. C, as described in Gen. 14. He was an Elamite conqueror, who had secured the sovereigntyover Larsa. Rim Sin, or Eriaku, has left us several shortinscriptions, dating from about 2290 B. C. One of these,inscribed on a clay cone, somewhat injured by time, is nowpreserved in the Louvre in Paris. The article gives a facsimile, translation, and notes.6. William Rainey Harper, Professor andHead of the Department of Semitic Languages and Literatures. The Structure of theText of the Book of Micah.An arrangement of the Hebrew text of the book ofMicah in strophes, with brief summaries of the contents ofeach strophe and of each more extended logical section.Interpolated passages are indicated by the use of smallertype. Necessary emendations are incorporated in the text,attention being called to them by footnotes indicating (a)the Massoretic text which is emended, (&) authorities adopting the same emendation, and, in the case of new changes,(c) the reasons urged in support of them. The purpose ofthe treatment is to restore, as nearly as possible, the originalartistic form of the prophet's utterances and of the lateraccretions now contained in the book.7. Clyde W. Votaw, Assistant Professor of NewTestament Literature. The Autographic Textof the Synoptic Gospels.The problem is to discover how near we can come toreconstructing the original text of the first three canonicalgospels, as contained in the autographic copies of thesebooks. For this purpose the internal evidence of the gospels must be investigated, as well as the facts of their transmission through the period of more than 250 years whichintervened between their composition and the earliest complete Greek text of them in our possession (circ. 80-350,A. D.)8. William Muss-Arnolt, Assistant Professorof Biblical Philology, Notes on AssyrianLexicography.A discussion of some new forms and words found inthe epistolary and astrological literature of the Assyrians.VOLUME VI.THE GREEK LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE, WE LATIN LANGUAGEAND LITERATURE, SANSKRIT AND INDO-EUROPEAN COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY, CLASSICAL ARCH/EOLOGY.*i. Frank Bigelow Tarbell, Professor' ofClassical xArchaeology. A Greek Hand Mirrorin the Art Institute of Chicago. With a halftone plate. Pp. 1-4.A description of a Greek hand mirror of the fifth century B. C, of unusual design and decorations, presented tothe Chicago Art Institute by Martin A. Ryerson, Esq.UNIVERSITY RECORD 215*2. Frank Bigelow Tarbell. A Cantharusfrom the Factory of Brygos in the BostonMuseum of Fine Arts. With two heliotypeplates. Pp. 5-9.Describes a fine vase acquired by the Boston Museumof Fine Arts. It is shown to belong to the school of Brygos, perhaps to Brygos himself, a ceramic artist of the earlyfifth century, B. C.Nos. 1 and 2 together, net, 25 cents ; postpaid, 27 cents.*3. Roy C. Flickinger, Assistant in Greek. TheMeaning of ha rq% 0-/071% in Writers of theFourth Century. Pp. 11-26. Net, 25 cents;postpaid, 27 cents.It has been held by certain scholars that this phrase inAristotle and Demosthenes gives conclusive evidence againstDorpfeld*s theory of the stage, and no attempt has beenmade hitherto to subject the passages in these authors to acareful analysis. The purpose of this paper is to prove thatthe meaning " stage " for <JKt\v-f\ is excluded wherever thephrase kwl r^s o-kijvtjs occurs in writers of the fourth century. This result is found to be in entire agreement withthe usage of post-classical writers.*4. George Lincoln Hendrickson, Professor ofLatin. The Proconsulate of Julius Agrippain Relation to History and to Encomium. Pp.27-59. I?6** 5° cents; postpaid, 54 cents.Apart from the interpretation of single passages in theAgricola of Tacitus, the purpose of the paper is to illustrate in detail and to characterize the difference in literarytreatment between biography and history.5 . Tenny Frank, Assistant in Latin. A Sticho-metric Scholium to the Medea of Euripides, withRemarks on the Text of Didymus. Pp. 61-68.A certain line occurs twice in the Medea of Euripidesand is cited in a third place by Didymus, according to ascholium the exactness of which has been questioned. Asecond scholium, which has hitherto been misunderstoodbecause of a corruption, is emended by the author. It contains a stichometrical reference and incidentally throwslight on the text possessed by Didymus.6. George Lincoln Hendrickson, Observationsen the Commentariolum Petitionis.The writer endeavors to show that the Commentariolum,attributed to Quintus Cicero, is in fact a suasoria of somerhetorical student of uncertain date. The investigationfalls into these divisions: I. Authenticity. II. Literaryform. III. Style. IV. Text.7, Wm. Gardner Hale, Professor and Head ofthe Department of Latin. The GeneralClassification of Sentences and Clauses. 8. Wm. Gardner Hale. Comparative Syntaxand the Syntax of Individual Languages.9. Wm. Gardner Hale. Notes on the Syntax ofthe Greek and Latin Verb.1). Functional &v or ice, and Formal 6lv or fee, 3). TheGreek subjunctive in general conditions, and the Latinsubjunctive in general conditions in the second personsingular indefinite. 3). The expression of the simile inGreek and Latin. 4). The Latin subjunctive of statementin the second person singular indefinite. 5). The originof substantive clauses with forws. 6). The developmentof the uses of quin.10. Paul Shorey, Professor and Head of the Department of Greek. The Unity of Plato'sThought.An exposition of the essential identity of the doctrinepresented by Plato in diversified dramatic forms, and acriticism of recent attempts to date the dialogues by determining the order of development of his ideas.ir. John Jacob Meyer, Associate in Sanskrit,Two Twice Told Tales. ¦,Ariosto's story'of Giocondo and Astolfo is found alsoin the Pali Jataka. A translation of the Buddhistic form,which shows that Ariosto did not take his " novella " fromthe Arabian Nights. He may have got it through someSlavic channel. Also another very important part of theintroduction to the Nights, Sheherezade herself and herbreaking off at the interesting point of her tales in order totrick the king, goes back to India. Translation of theHindu version.12. Carl Darling Buck, Professor of Sanskritand Indo-European Comparative Philology.A Sketch of the Linguistic Conditions of Chicago.The linguistic conditions in some of our largest American cities, of which Chicago is typical, are unique in thehistory of the world — an unparalleled babel of foreigntongues, yet undergoing absorption so rapidly and so naturally that the " language question " which looms so large inthe politics of many European states does not exist for usas a disturbing problem. The study of these conditionshas two main points of interest: One is a phase of thegeneral problem of the linguistic consequence of race-mixture. What is the result as regards language of theparticular conditions of race-mixture which are exemplifiedhere ? The other is the constituency of the foreign element. The thirty odd foreign languages spoken in Chicagoby numbers ranging from half a dozen to half a million areenumerated in classified form, with statements of theapproximate numerical representation of each.216 UFIVE&SITY RECORD13. Gordon J. Laing, Assistant Professor ofLatin. The Worship of the Lares.A brief historical treatment of the development of thecult of the Lares, and a discussion as to its origin.14. Edward Capps. The Lntroduction of Comedyinto the City Dionysia at Athens. A Chronological Study in Greek Literary History.The didascalic inscription CIA II, 971 and the actors'catalogues CIA II, 977 are so restored, and the evidence to be extracted from them severally so combined, asto furnish new information as to this epoch date in theearly history of Attic comedy. Aristotle's testimony andthe knowledge we possess about Epicharmus are shown tobe in harmony with the results so reached. Instead of ca.465, the accepted date upheld by Wilamowitz-Mollendorff,it is found that the official recognition of comedy at Athens,and the period of the earliest activity of Chionides, Ecphan-tides, and Magnes, must be placed some twenty yearsearlier.VOLUME VII.THE ROMANCE LANGUAGES AND LITERATURES, THE GERMANIC LANGUAGES AND LITERATURES, ENGLISH, LITERATURE IN ENGLISH.*i. Eleanor Prescott Hammond, Docent inEnglish. On the Text of Chaucer's Parle-ment of Foules. With diagrams. Pp. 1-26.Net, 50 cents; postpaid, 53 cents.In the course of a careful discussion of the genealogicalrelations and intrinsic worth of the existing manuscripts ofthis poem, it is shown that no text as yet printed is strictlycritical and that the critical text will be found to containmetrical features which, if discovered in other reconstructions of Chaucerian originals, will compel a readjustment ofcurrent theories as to the poet's meter. It is demonstratedthat the Cambridge manuscript hitherto so admired by editors is an untrustworty authority, and that the archetype ismore nearly reflected in the pair of manuscripts, Fairfax 16and Bodley 638 of the Bodleian Library in Oxford.*2. Camillo von Klenze, Associate Professor ofGerman Literature. The Treatment of Nature in the Works of Nikolaus Lenau. AnEssay in Interpretation. Pp. 27-109. Net,75 cents ; postpaid, 82 cents.This article presents a detailed study of the partwhich landscape plays in the letters, diaries, and the poetical works of the Austrian poet Lenau. Comparison withcontemporary poets like Byron, Shelley, Lamartine, Hugo,Tieck, Novalis, Heine, and others, proves him on the wholethe most significant exponent of the "romantic" attitudeoward nature. ?3. Starr Willard Cutting,, Professor of German Literature, Concerning the Modern, German Relatives, Das and Was, in 'Clauses Dependent upon Substantivized Adjectives. Pp.111-131. Net, 25 cents; postpaid, 28 cents.This article presents an examination of the distribution and function of das {welches) and of was in the modernGerman relative after substantivized adjective antecedents,undertaken in the light of numerous examples selected fromthe writings of Hauptmann, Heyse, Keller, Meyer, Nietzsche,Knabe, Schopenhauer, Spielhagen, Sudermann, and Wil-denbruch.*4. Philip Schuyler Allen, Instructor in German. Studies in Popular Poetry. Pp. 133-156. Net, 25 cents ; postpaid, 28 cents.I. Nature-Introductions and Vivification in the OlderGerman Volkslied, develops the hypothesis that the beginningwith the description of a bit of nature, which is so commonto early popular song, is not unconscious and instinctive,but the last survival of a proethnic hymn to nature in oneof its chief manifestations. II. Old Ballads Newly Expounded is a discussion of two American versions of LordRandal and Lord Thomas and Fair Annel, in which it isfound that the text of the former is a corrupted one, butthat that of the latter is nearer the original structure of theballad than any corresponding variation of the same type included in Child's English and Scottish Popular Ballads. III.Heine and the Schnaderhupfel is the presentation of thethesis that the poet found the prototype of his ironic antithesis in the epigrammatic endings of the south-German popular dance-rimes.*5. Albert Harris Tolman, Assistant Professorof English. What Has Become of Shakspeare'sPlay Love's Labour's Won? Pp. 157-190.Love's Labour's Won is the only play in the list ofFrancis Meres (1578) that is not known to us. The differenttheories concerning this drama are taken up in the following order: I. That Love's Labour's Won has disappeared;2. That it is to be identified with Love" s Labour' s Lost ; 3. WithA Midsummer Night's Dream; 4. With The Tempest; 5. WithAll's Well that Ends Well ; 6. With Much Ado About Nothing ; 7. With The Taming of the Shrew. A neglected pieceof evidence favors the view that Love's Labour's Won is nolonger extant. The more common opinion among Shakespearean scholars has been that AlVs Well is the comedyconcerned; but this seems improbable. If the play hascome down to us, it is probably either Much Ado or TheTaming of the Shrew. The strength of the argument infavor of The Taming of the Shrew has not been appreciated.mfimmsim $ecomp m6. ^arl Pietsgh, Associate Professor pfRomance philology. Preliminary Notes ionTwo 0{d Spanish Versions of the DistichaQapofris*The notes presented in this article deal with the popularity of the Disticha as evinced (i) by the number of LatinMSS. and early Latin prints; (2) by tie allusions to themin old Spanish literature; (3) by the early translationsinto Spanish. Two of the translations are studied in detail,and liberal extracts are presented.7. Thomas Atkinson Jenkins, Associate x Professor of French Philology. The Espurga-toire Saint Patriz of Marie de France, Withthe te^ct of tlxe Latin original.The Latin text of the Tractatus de Burgatorio SanctiPatricii contained in the Harleian manuscript 3846 isprinted for the first time, accompanied in parallel columnsby the old French metrical translation of Marie de France,made at the end of the twelfth century. The precise version used by Marie de France has not been found. TheHarleian manuscript represents this version more completely and better than any manuscript yet made accessible.The French text has been improved materially by this comparison with the Latin original. The text of the Tractatusfrom another British Museum manuscript {Royal 13 B VIII)is printed in full as an appendix.8. John Mathews Manly, Professor and Headof the Department of English. HamletOnce More.An attempt to determine from, metrical peculiaritieswhether the differences between the quarto and folio versionsof Hamlet are due to insertions or omissions, and to makesome inferences in regard to Shakspere's attitude towardlife and his methods of composition.9. William Darnall MacClintock, Professorof English. Some Paradoxes of the EnglishRomantic Movement of the Eighteenth Century.An attempt to re-enforce the doctrine of a single andcontinuous movement in the literature of the later eighteenthand early nineteenth centuries by showing the essentialharmony in a group of apparently contradicting features.VOLUME VIII.ASTRONOMY AND ASTRO-PHYSICS.i. Sherburne Wesley Burnham, Professor ofPractical Astronomy. Measures of DoubleStars made with the 40 -Inch Refractor of theYerkes Observatory in igoo and iqoi. Pp. 1-75.A. large proportion of the double stars discovered andmeasured by Sir William Herschel, Sir James South, andother astronomers at the end of the eighteenth and thebeginning of the nineteenth centuries have never beenobserved since that time. The writer has accordinglydevoted his nights with the forty-inch Yerkes telescope forthe last two years to the systematic measurement of these and other neglected* double stars. The present paper comprises the results i of this, work.2. Edward Emerson uBarnard, Professor ofPractical Astronomy. Micrometrical Observations of Eros made 'with tht y 40-Inch Refractorof the Yerkes Observatory during the Opposition of ig00r-i> Pp. 77-116.The favorable position of the: minor; planet Eros forobservation in 1900 was taken advantage of for a redetermination of the Sun's distance. -An observation; programwas arranged so that astronomers of America could co-operate with those of Europe in making simultaneous measuresof the position of the planet upon the face of the sky. Theminuteness of Eros and the peculiarities of its Orbit; makeobservations of it the most accurate method of all for. thedetermination of the Sun's parallax. The larger observatories in this country undertook the work of observing theplanet while it was nearest in October, November, andDecember of 1900. The observations at the YerkesObservatory were made on seventy- three nights with thegreat telescope, and over one thousand five hundred measures of right ascensions and declinations were obtained.The positions of the comparison stars used in these measuresare now being accurately determined in Europe. A largenumber of determinations of the brightness of the planetwas also made during the observations with the greattelescope. These will be useful in investigations of thevariability of the light of Eros which occurred during theobservations of the planet. This paper contains the measures of position and the observations for the brightness ofthe planet.3. Forest Ray Moulton, Instructor inAstronomy. On Certain Rigorous Methods ofTreating Problems in Celestial Mechanics.Pp. 117-142.The object of this paper is to show how some of themost important problems in Celestial Mechanics may betreated by methods which are rigorous, at least under specified conditions. These problems depend upon the solutionsof differential equations ; consequently the principal methods of integration are treated, and the manner of applyingthem to astronomical problems is shown.4. Edwin Brant Frost, Professor of Astrophysics, and, with Walter Sydney Adams, Assistantat the Yerkes Observatory. Radial Velocitiesof Twenty Stars having Spectra of the OrionType. With three plates.This paper gives a detailed account Of the measurements of the velocities in the line of sight of twenty selectedstars of Vogel's type lb, commonly known as the Oriontype. This class of spectrum is of especial interest as representing an early stage in stellar development, and is characterized by the presence of but few lines of a limitednumber of elements, among which hydrogen, helium, oxygen,silicon, and magnesium are the most important. Owing tothe ill-defined character of many of the lines in spectra ofthis type, which renders their measurement much more difficult than in case of the solar stars, ; few quantitative218 UNIVERSITY RECORDinvestigations of these spectra have been made. Of thestars included in this paper, but three or four of the brightesthave been hitherto investigated in respect to radial velocity,so far as is known from published statements of spectro-graphic work. The list includes stars from magnitude 0.3to magnitude 4.5. The instrument employed was the newBruce spectrograph attached to the forty-inch refractor, anda full account is given of all changes of adjustment madeduring the year covered by the observations (autumn of1 90 1 to the autumn of 1902). The method Of measurementand reduction of the plates is explained in full, and the details are given for the separate plates, as well as for numerous control plates of the Moon and planets and stars of thesolar type with known velocities. In all, the detailed measures of over 130 spectrograms are given. The probableclassification of the stars as regards order of development isconsidered and compared with previous classifications of thesame stars. The proper motions of the stars in angularmeasure (across the line of sight) are also tabulated and thepossible connection between the type of spectrum and themagnitude of absolute motion in space are briefly discussed.5. George Ellery Hale, Professor of Astrosphysics and Director of the Yerkes Observatory; Ferdinand Ellerman, Instructor inAstrophysics, and John Adelbert Park-hurst, Assistant in Astrophysics. Researcheson the Spectra of Stars of Seech? s FourthType. With seven plates.Comparatively little has been known regarding thespectra of the red stars of Secchi's fourth type, as they aretoo faint for detailed study except with the most powerfultelescopes. Accordingly, a three-prism spectrograph hasbeen used with the forty-inch Yerkes telescope in photographing the spectra of a number of these stars. The paperincludes tables of the wave-lengths of several hundred brightand dark lines recorded on photographs, conclusions as tothe chemical origin of the lines, and a discussion of theevolution of these stars, their distribution in the heavens, andtheir relationship to stars of other spectral types. The photographs of spectra are reproduced in a series of plates whichaccompany the paper.6. George Willis Ritchey, Instructor in Practical Astronomy. Astronomical Photographywith the 40- Inch Refractor and the Two-footReflector of the Yerkes Observatory. With sixteen plates.The forty-inch refractor of the Yerkes Observatory wasdesigned primarily for visual observations, no provisionhaving been made for direct photography with it. It hasbeen found possible, however, to secure excellent photographs with this visual telescope by employing a yellowcolor-screen and isochromatic plates, by which means thesharp yellow or visual image is utilized and the outstandingblue light is excluded from the plate. Many of the plateswhich accompany this paper are from photographs of star-clusters and the Moon obtained with the great refractorwith a color-screen and a double -slide plate-carrier used inguiding. The photographs are of great value on accountof their large scale and fine definition. In constructing thetwo-foot reflecting telescope, which was made in the observatory instrument shops, special attention was given to the stability and rigidity of the mirror-supports and the skeletontube, as also to the perfection of the driving mechanism andthe guiding mechanism. The photographs of nebulae andstar-clusters obtained with this instrument, many of whichare reproduced in the plates accompanying this paper, areso sharp and so rich in minute detail as to demonstrate thevery great efficiency of reflecting telescopes in astronomicalphotography, when sufficient attention is given to the perfection of their mirrors and mountings.7. George Ellery Hale, Director, the YerkesObservatory, and Norton Adams Kent,Assistant in Astrophysics. Spark Spectrain Liquids^ and Their Bearing on the Spectraof Temporary Stars. With five plates.Wilsing's theory of "new" or temporary stars is basedupon a resemblance which he observed between their spectra and the spectra of the electric discharge between metallic poles immersed in water. In repeating Wilsing's experiments at the Yerkes Observatory in connection with aninvestigation of the new star in Perseus, it was discoveredthat the spectroscopic phenomena of the electric spark inliquids depend upon a variety of conditions, such as the lengthof the spark, the diameter of the poles, the capacity of thecondenser, the nature of the liquid, and, in particular, uponthe inductance in the spark circuit. By varying the inductance a series of photographs was obtained, passing by slowdegrees from a bright line spectrum, similar to that given bya spark in air, to a spectrum in which most of the morerefrangible lines are dark. The paper, which is accompanied by several plates in which photographs of the spectraof iron and other metals are reproduced, contains the resultsof measurements of the photographs, with a discussion oftheir bearing on the theory of temporary stars and othercelestial phenomena.8. Kurt Laves, Assistant Professor of Astronomy.The Orbit of the Planet 334 Chicago.Planet 334, one of the so-called Hilda type, discoveredin 1892 and named Chicago by its discoverer, ProfessorWolf, is marked for its small eccentricity and inclination.An attempt has been made by the writer to determine theabsolute perturbation of Jupiter on this planet after Lever-rier's method. In the present paper the expressions for theperturbative function, and its derivative with respect to themajor axis, are given, up to and including the fourth degreeof small quantities in the periodic terms, and up to and including the sixth degree in the secular terms. It is hoped thatthe paper will be useful in a twofold way: that it will contribute a check for future theories of the orbits of this typeof small planets that will not start from the Keplerian ellipseas a first approximation, and that it will lead toward a redetermination of the mass of Jupiter.VOLUME IX.MATHEMATICS, CHEMISTRY, PHYSICS, GEOLOGY.*i. Albert A. Michelson, Professor and Headof the Department of Physics. The Velocityof Light. With a text figure. Pp. 1-10. Net,25 cents; postpaid, 27 cents.Following the line of his earlier experiments, the authordescribes a new method by which the velocity of light, theUNIVERSITY RECORD 219accurate determination of which is of such great importancein physical and astronomical research, may be measuredwith a very narrow margin of error.*2. Oskar Bolza, Professor of Mathematics.Concerning the Geodesic Curvature and theIsoperimetric Problem on a Given Surface.Pp. ii-j.8.A new proof of the well-known theorem that the closedcurve of given length drawn on a given surface whichincloses a portion of the surface of maximum area is a curveof constant geodesic curvature.*3. Oskar Bolza, Proof of the Sufficiency of Jac-obi's Condition for a Permanent Sign of theSecond Variation in the So-called IsoperimetricProblems. Pp. 19-25.Gives a simple proof of the sufficiency of Legendre'sand Jacobi's conditions for a permanent sign of the secondvariation in the simplest type of isoperimetric problems inparameter representation.Nos. 2 and 3 together, net, 25 cents; post^paid, 27 cents.4. Leonard Eugene Dickson, Assistant Professor of Mathematics. Ternary OrthogonalGroups in a General Field. Pp. 27-34.An investigation for an arbitrary field (realm of rationality) of a subject previously treated for a continuous fieldby Weber, and for a Galois field by the writer.5. Leonard Eugene Dickson. The GroupsDefined for a General Field by the RotationGroup. Pp. 35-52.A contribution to the theory of group-determinants andgroup-characters due to Frobenius and Burnside for continuous fields, and to the writer for arbitrary fields.*6. Alexander Smith, Associate Professor ofGeneral Chemistry, with the collaboration ofWillis B. Holmes. On Amorphous Sulphur.With two diagrams. Pp. 53-64. Net, 25cents; postpaid, 27 cents.The chief results of this investigation are : (1) A fairlyaccurate method of analyzing mixtures of amorphous andsoluble sulphur has been worked out. (2) The freezingpoint of pure liquid sulphur is found to be 119.250. (3)The freezing-point of pure melted sulphur is shown todepend solely upon the quantity of amorphous sulphurwhich it contains, and to be depressed below 119.250 proportionately to the amount of the latter. (4) The molecularweight of amorphous sulphur in solution is found to be S8.(5) Amorphous sulphur is thus an isomer of soluble sulphurand exists in chemical equilibrium with liquid soluble sulphur whose molecular weight is unknown. 7. Robert A. Millikan, Assistant Professor ofPhysics. New Instruments of Precision fromthe Ryerson Physical Laboratory. With sixtext figures. Pp. 65-72.A full description of some new pieces of apparatus usedin instruction devised by members of the Department ofPhysics: (1) A Substitute for the Atwood's Machine; (2)A "Moment of Inertia" Machine; (3) A Young's ModulusApparatus ; (4) A Vapor-Tension Machine.8. Heinrich Maschke, Associate Professor ofMathematics. Invariants and Covariants ofQuadratic Differential Quantics of n Variables. 'In this article the symbolic method given by the author \in a previous paper in the first volume of the Transactionsof the American Mathematical Society has been developedin detail for the case of n variables. Of the results obtainedthe most important one is the symbolic expression of Christ-offers quadrilinear covariant.9. Eliakim Hastings Moore, Professor andHead of the Department of Mathematics.The Subgroups of the Generalized Finite Modular Group.The modular group V of all unimodular substitutionsK ft 7, 5) a<a-\-B7W + 5of the complex variable w, where the a, £, 7, 5 are rationalintegers, has for every rational prime a a self -conjugate subgroup G . . of finite index fi (q) containing all substitutions(a, /3, 7, 8) for which a = i, j3 = o, 7 = 0, 5 = 1 (mod. q).rThe corresponding quotient-group = is conveniently1 ^ (?)given as the say finite modular group G . . of substitutions(a, 0, 7, 5) on the q-\- I marks w (w = 00 , o, I, • • , q — i),where the a, £, 7, 5 are integers taken modulo q. Bygeneralizing from the Galois field of rank 1 to that of rank nQn + *we have the generalized finite modular group GMt„n\ °forder M(qm) = qn (q2n — 1) or — - according asq = 2 or q > 2. Mathieu first exhibited this group andstudied its cyclic subgroups. That (except for the casesq^z=21i 31) it is simple was proved by the author in 1893,and, independently, by Burnside.In the present paper, which was read before the AmericanMathematical Society in August, 1898, all subgroups ofthe GMt n\ are determined; for the case n=i thiswas done by Gierster. The subgroups are of three kinds :(1) metacyclic or solvable groups; (2) (3) groups ofqnJr*the abstract character of certain groups GM ( n. or of cer*tain groups G^M{gn) (<?>*) f a group G^^ being ob-w ^I¥ME/SIW^MMGQMI>tained by extending the GM(^ by the substitution «' =pw,wfiere p is a primitive root of the Galois field of rank n.Thus the doubly infinite system of sirnple groupsdetermines by the decomposition of the subgroups of itsconstituent groups, apart from the simple groups of primeorder, only simple groups of the original system. Ah equation of degree qn + I (qn^z 21, 31) whose Galois group is theqn-\-x^M(gn) has res°lvents of degree Dy D <qn-\-i, only in theqases qn= S\ 7\ lix, $a, when D is respectively 5, 7, 1 1, 6.For n = i this is a noted theorem of Galois and Gierster.10. Carl Kinsley, Instructor in Physics.Some Dynamo- Electric Machine Calculations.A dynamo of any type and output operates satisfactorily when its rise in temperature, efficiency, and electromotive force are of desired values. In the method proposedfor designing dynamos, the machine is so proportioned thatthe desired results are obtained. The essential dimensionsare computed by solving the equations showing their relations to the rise in temperature, efficiency, and electro-motive force. Therefore, whatever designing constants arechosen, the machine will operate in the predetermined manner. Different makers have machines of somewhat differentform, due to the various designing constants used. Thecalculations are outlined for several of the best knownmachines- that are now manufactured. The trial-and -errormethods which designers are accustomed to employ are notsuitable for the accurate determinations needed in a systematic study of the subject.^11. Julius Stieglitz, Associate Professor ofChemistry. On the "Beckman Rearrangement."The various interpretations of this characteristic molecular rearrangement, including the one advanced by theauthor, are discussed critically in the light of experimentalfacts, especially of new ones established by the author'swork with a number of collaborating students. The actualfacts are found to agree best with the author's theory of thereaction.12. Julius Stieglitz, with the colaboration of H.T. Upson, Fellow in Chemistry. The MolecularRearrangement of Aminopheny I- carbonates.A study was made of the dependence of the velocity ofthe rearrangement of these amines into o- oxyphenylure-thanes on substituting groups, which affect the strengthof the bases and consequently the degree of hydrolysis oftheir salts.13. Herbert N. McCoy, Instructor in Chemistry. Equilibrium in the System composedof Sodium Carbonate, Sodium Bicarbonate,Carbon Dioxide and Water.Equilibrium in the system composed of sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, carbon dioxide and water.The equilibrium between sodium carbonate and sodium r^icar>on^te invWater solution in contact with & vapor phaseof variable carbpn dioxide content was studied theoreticallyand experimentally. The equilibrium constant found closelyapproximated that theoretically deduced.14. Joseph Paxon Iddings,. Professor of Petrology. With 25 colored charts.The article will include a notice of various diagrammaticmethods already employed for expressing the chemicalcomposition of groups or series of igneous rocks.The method proposed in this article will be- shown, toaccord with certain chemico-mineralogical relationshipsprominent in igneous rocks which have been made the basisof their quantitative classification in the system recentlyproposed by Cross, Iddings, Pirsspn and Washington.These relationships are exhibited by means pi diagrams which at the same time present graphically the greatvariability in the chemical composition of igneous rocks ;the relative proportions of seven or eight variable chemicalcomponents in each rock considered being expressed.The diagrams also exhibit the chemical character of themagnetic divisions established by the quantitative system ofclassification just mentioned.15. Glenn Moody Hobbs, Instructor in Physics.A Study of the Potential of Electric Dischargebetween Plates at Distances of the Order ofMean Free Path.The modern theory of discharge in gases supposes thata discharge occurs when a sufficient potential has beenreached to produce ionization of the gas. As this ionizationspreads by the impact of the molecules, it might be supposed that a minimum potential would produce a dischargewhen the distance between the plates became comparablewith the mean free path. For, if we should pass inside ofthis mean distance, the impacts would be reduced in number and as a result the discharge potential would be increased.The purpose of this investigation is to see if this minimum exists.16. Thomas Chrowper Chamberlin, Professorand Head of the Department of Geology. AContribution to the Theory of Glacier Motion.A theory of glacier motion based primarily on 1) Thegrowth of the glacier granules, or ice crystals, as a result ofthe melting and re-freezing of the water developed either atthe surface or by internal stresses ; and 2) the rotation andsliding of these granules on one another. The theory isopposed to the current theory of viscosity.While the fundamental elements on which this theoryis based have been suggested before as elements in glaciermotion, the attempt is made to bring out their relations toone another, to glacier movement, and to the various phasesof glacier activity, in some detail.17. Rollin D. Salisbury, Professor of Geographic; Geology. The Principal Elements inthe Pleistocene Geology of the Northern Part ofthe Atlantic Coastal Plain.The Pleistocone geology of this region includes^ complex combination of stream, estuary, ocean and wind,activi-vmvwMsmF mmgqjw 221ties, u^der the varying conditions occasioned by repeate<Isecular changes of level. *' vVOLUME X.ZOOLOGY, ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, NEUROLOGY, BOTANY,PATHOLOGY, BACTERIOLOGY. '*i. Jacques Loeb, Professor and Head of theDepartment of Physiology. On the Production and Suppression of Muscular Twitchingsarid ^p^rsehs^ipe^ess of tfye' Skin (fiy^EJ^cirq-Jyies. Pp. i- 15. Net, 25 cents; postpaid, 27cents.A continuation of the author's investigations dealingwith the determination of electrolytes which are liable toproduce and inhibit hyperactivity of muscles and hyperseh-sitivetiess of the nerves of the skin, the endeavor being toanswer the question whether or not the stimulating^ andinhibiting effects of ions are a function of their valency andelectrical charge. The experiments herein described have apractical bearing on the treatment of certajn. diseases.*2. JIekry H. Donaldson, Professor arid Headof the Department of Neurology. On aFprmula for Determining the Weight of theCentral Nervous System of a Frog from theLength and Weight of its Entire Body. Witha zinc plate. Pp. 15-29. Net, 25 cents; postpaid, 27 cents.This investigation shows that in the frog the weight ofthe brain and spinal cord combined can be expressed by asimple formula which is based on the weight of an entirebody and its length. It thus appears that the weight of theentire central nervous system in the frog always bears adefinite relation to the entire animal, and therefore, whenthe length of the frog and its body-weight are known, it ispossible to calculate the weight of the central nervous system by the use of the formula which is given.3. William Lawrence Tower, Assistant inEmbryology. The Development of Colors andColor Patterns of Coleoptera, with Observations on the Development of Colors in OtherOrders of Insects. With three colored lithographic plates. Pp. 31-70.Color develops in connection with the hardening ofthe body sclerites, and pigmented areas are frequentlyCorrelated with muscle attachments. Color patterns ofvarious genera have many developmental stages in common,and a fundamental plan of color development was found in^.11 the genera studied. A study of the development of thecuticula, and the source and composition of the colors wasalso made. Enzymes of a new class chitases were discovered and extracted. These enzymes are a potent factor inthe hardening of the cuticula and in the development of thecolor. The cuticula is composed of two layers; an outer orprimary cuticula of chitin and an inner layer, a carbohydrate, allied to tunicih. The colors develop in the primarycuticula, which is derived from prochitih, an albumino gela-tiiiate, through the action of chitases producing chitin andcoloring matters of the azo, di-azo, and amido-^zo series. *4. Arthur >W. .Greeley, Assistant m Physiology. The Artificial Reproduction of Sporesby a Reduction of Te$npei:at%%e. Wfth . fivetext figures. Pp. 71-77. Net, 25 cents ; postpaid, 27 cents.¦ It is possible by means of variation in temperatureto control t&e reproduction "of Mpnas. At 200 C.at multiplies sexually, and by simple fusion; at i° to 40 C. JfiprQ-auction, by asexual ispores/ takes place.5. Ed\vln * Qa^es Jordan, Associate Pro|ess<orof JBacteriology. The Self Purification ofRivers. With two maps. Pp. 79-89.A statement concerning the methods employed andresults obtained in a study of the Illinois river and itstributaries, together with some conclusions as to the, kind ofevidence best adapted to show the existence of a purifyingprocess.*6. Waldemar Koch, Assistant in Pharmacology.The Lecithans. Their Function in the Life ofthe Cell. Pp .91-102. Net, 25 cents ; postpaid, 27 cents.In every living cell there are found a number of closelyrelated phosphorized fats containing nitrogen, for which thegroup name Lecithan is proposed. These substances havenot been very generally studied since Hoppehyler's investigations, more attention having been given to the proteids.The Lecithans are found to be of value to the cell in theirrelation to the inorganic constituents and also by enteringinto the metabolism of the cell. A method for the quantitative estimation of these substances is described.*7. Ralph Waldo Webster, Assistant in Physiological Chemistry. A Contribution to thePhysical Analysis of the Phenomena of Absorption of Liquids by Animal Tissues. Pp. 163-134. Net, 50 cents; postpaid, 54 cents.A detailed study of the effects of solutions of variouselectrolytes and non-electrolytes upon phenomena of absorption. An attempt is made to explain, by the laws of physicalchemistry, the various phenomena noted. A practicablycomplete bibliography of the work along this line accompanies this article.8. George E. Shambaugh, Instructor in Anatomy of the Ear, Nose, and Throat. Distribution of Blood-vessels in the Labyrinth of theEar of Sus Scrofa Domesticus. With eightcolored plates.The circulation in the labyrinth is. worif ed out for theear of the pig by using Eichler's method of making celloi.dincasts of the labyrinth. A large series of embryos wasinjepted, of sizes measuring from 2%. cm in length to theembryo at full term, measuring about 30 cm. The simpler scheme for the distribution of vessels found in theyounger embryos was utilized in interpreting the compjircated system oi vessels found; in the labyrinth at full ternuTen drawings in colors illustrate the article.222 UNIVERSITY RECORD9. H. Gideon Wells, Instructor in Pathology.Studies in Fat Necrosis.A series of experimental studies on the pathogenesis ofintra-abdominal fat necrosis, of the type following pancreatic lesions, based upon the observation that the typicalprocess can be produced experimentally with dried extractsof the pancreas. This has given opportunity for control ofconditions which cannot be attained by the methods previously used, making it possible to approach the question ofthe causative factor in an exact manner. The study of thethe thermal death-point of the necrosis-producing element ofthe pancreatic extract shows it to be in all probability a ferment. The order of development of the changes in thelesions indicates that the necrosis is primary and the fat-splitting secondary.*io. Bradley Moore Davis, Assistant Professorof Botany. Oogenesis in Saprolegnia. Withtwo lithographic plates.This paper describes the process of egg formation inone of the fish moulds. The investigation bears especiallyon that type of sexual organ termed the coenogamete, whichis a multinucleate structure. Coenogametes are believed bythe author to be the primitive form of sexual organ in certain groups of fungi.*ii. Shinkishi Hatai, Research Assistant in Neurology. Studies on the Finer Structures ofNeurones in the White Rat. With four coloredplates.This article describes mainly the finer structure of theaxones and dendrites of various forms of neurones as wellas the intimate anatomical relations existing between thetwo processes just mentioned. In addition, the finer structure of the ground substance in the nerve-cell bodies is discussed. The observations were made on material whichwas fixed and stained with reagents devised by the author.12. Charles Joseph Chamberlain, Instructor inMorphology and Cytology. The Origin ofthe Achromatic Figure in Pellio. With twolithographic plates.This investigation deals with the first two nuclear divisions in the germinating spore. For comparison, however,mitosis was studied in other phases of the life history. Theprincipal conclusions are as follows :The stimulus to nuclear division comes from withinthe nucleus. The asters are of cytoplasmic origin. Thecaps come from the outer portion of the nuclear membraneor from a Hautschicht surrounding the nucleus. Theappearance and disappearance of the astral rays suggestthat they are concerned in the movement of nuclear matter.The centrosphere is formed by the astral rays, not therays by the centrosphere.The centrosphere or Pellia represents a condition inter-med iate between the well defined centrosphere of some ofthe thallophytes and the centrosomeless condition of thehigher plants. The spindle fibers, except the mantle fiber,grow from one pole to the other. In early stages two half-spindles are often distinguishable. 13. Lewellys Franklin Barker, Professor andHead of the Department of Anatomy, withan introduction by Mr. Sanger Brown. Onthe Morbid Anatomy of the Central NervousSystem of Two of Dr. Sanger Brown's Casesof Hereditary Ataxia. With three coloredplates and thirty half-tone plates.The article includes a detailed description of the grossand microscopic findings in the brains and spinal cords ofthe two brothers, dead of hereditary ataxia. Coloredplates illustrate the lesions in the spinal cord. Numerousprocess-method illustrations accompany the description ofthe cerebrum and cerebellum.14. Robert Russell Bensley, Assistant Professor of Anatomy. The Structure of theGlands of Brunner.A study of the cytological characters, stainous reactions and microscopic anatomy, of the glands of Brunner ofa number of representative mammals.15. Albert Chauncey Eycleshymer, AssistantProfessor of Anatomy. The Early Development of Lepidestens Osseus. With one lithographic plate and 43 figures.An account of the early phases of development asobserved in living and in preserved material, presentingsome hitherto undescribed features ; followed by a comparison of these phases with those of other ganoid fishes ; concluding with general remarks on the character and significance of cleavage.16. John Merle Coulter, Professor and Headof the Department of Botany. The Originof Angiosperms.The statement of a theory based upon investigationsduring several years by various members of the department. The common or independent origin of Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons is discussed, the conclusion beingreached that they are independent lines. In case theAngiosperms prove to have a common origin, evidence isadvanced to show that the Monocotyledons represent aspecialized offshoot from the Dicotyledons, contrary to therecent general impression that the Monocotyledons are themore primitive. The origin of Angiosperms from Gymno-sperms is shown to be untenable ; and even such hetero-sporous Pteridophytes as Isoetes and Sdaginella are veryimprobable ancestral forms. The general conclusion isreached that the Angiosperms have been directly derivedfrom the eusporangiate ferns, the transition forms to theMonocotyledons being unknown; but the transition formsto Dicotyledons being represented by the abundant andproblematical " Proangiosperms " of the early Cretaceous.SECOND SEMES.A series of separate volumes, embodying originalresearch, consisting of systematic treatises, unpublished documents, collections of articleson allied subjects, and the like; 8to, 6X9inches, cloth.UNIVERSITY RECORD 223Vol. I. The Life and Repentaunce of Marie Magdalene, by Lewis Wager. A morality play reprinted from the original edition of 1566-7,edited, with an Introduction, Notes, and Glossarial Index, by Frederic Ives Carpenter,of the Department of English. Pp. xxxv -f-91, 8vo, cloth, net, $1.00; postpaid, $1.08.During the last quarter-century the rapidly growing interest in the history of the drama and English literary history in general has led to the reproduction in modern formof most of the English dramas of the Elizabethan age, sothat only a small number remains to be edited and reprinted.Among the few remaining is the The Life and Repentaunce ofMarie Magdalene, a sixteenth-century morality-play byLewis Wager, now for the first time reprinted and providedwith editorial apparatus. This play, which has beenstrangely overlooked by such editors as Collier, Hazlitt, Bul-len, and others, is especially interesting as continuing theliterary treatment of the Magdalen legend and occupying aunique position in the history of the drama in presenting amixture of type — morality, historical, and biblical — scarcelymet with elsewhere.Vol . 1 1 . The Second Bank of the United States. ByRalph C. H. Catterall, of the Departmentof History. Pp. 538, 8vo, cloth, net, $2.00 ;postpaid, $2.25.A history of the Second Bank of the United States, treating at length both the monetary and political questions connected with that institution. Thus the book deals not onlywith the political events of the Bank War, but also with thesubjects of branch drafts, the bank as a government agency,and the bank's control of state banks and of currency,In addition to the material secured from ordinary sources,the author has had access to the manuscript papers of Nicholas Biddle, including an enormous mass of letters fromprominent individuals in relation to the bank, as well as theletter-books of President Biddle himself. From thesesources much new light is thrown upon the events immediately preceding the application in 1832 for a renewal of thecharter, the struggle which followed, Biddle's managementof the bank, and his opinions relative to the bank's attitudeon political matters.Vol. III. Light Waves and their Uses. By AlbertA. Michelson, of the Department of Physics ;with 108 drawings and three colored plates.Pp. 164, 8vo, cloth, net, $2.00; postpaid, $2.15.This book contains a course of eight lectures deliveredbefore the Lowell Institute at Boston in the year 1899. Inthese lectures the results of the investigations with whichthe author has been engaged for the last twenty years arepresented in language as free from technicality as possible.The first chapter contains a discussion of wave motion, andshows that the most important characteristic of waves istheir ability to produce interference phenomena. Theother lectures deal with the methods which have beendevised for making use of the interference of the waves oflight in the production of a natural standard of length, inanalyzing the vibrations which a source of light emits, andin measuring extremely minute distances and angles. These lectures are now for the first time rendered accessible to thepublic at large. They contain much information about thelight waves which is to be found only in scientific periodicals. The subject is presented in such simple form thatcomparatively little training is needed to enable one to comprehend the essential facts and fundamental principles involved.Vol. IV. The Poems of Anne, Countess of Winchilsea. From the original edition of 17 13and from unpublished manuscripts, edited,with an Introduction and Notes, by MyraReynolds, of the Department of English.Pp. cxxx + 43I> 8vo, cloth, net, $2.50 ; postpaid, $2.65.The Countess- of Winchilsea wrote during the years1680-1720. A portion of her work appeared in 1713, in avolume now quite rare. Her unpublished poems are in twomanuscripts, one in the possession of the Earl of Winchilseaand the other in that of Mr. Edmund Gosse. This volumecontains all the available extant work of Lady Winchilsea.An important feature is the biographical sketch compiledfrom original sources which appears in the Introduction,pointing out in detail the characteristics in which her poemswere not in harmony with contemporary tendencies.Vol. V. Assyrian and Babylonian Letters Belonging to the Kouyunjik Collection of the British.Museum, by Robert Francis Harper, of theDepartment of Semitic Languages and Literatures. Pp. xvi 4-142, 8vo, cloth, net, $6.00;postpaid, $6.12.The eighth volume of the Corpus of Assyrian and Babylonian Letter Literature, which was begun in 1892, appearsas a number of the Decennial Series, the preceding sevenvolumes having also been issued by the University of Chicago Press. The work of which this volume forms a partincludes the text of over eight hundred letters, most of whichhave been deciphered and published for the first time by thepresent editor.Vol. VI. La Perfecta Casada, por el Maestro F.Luys De Leon. Texto del Siglo XVI. Re-impresion de la tercera edicion, con variantesde la primera, y un prologo. Por ElizabethWallace, Miembro del Cuerpo de Profesoresde Lenguas Romances. Pp. xxvii -(-119, 8vo,cloth, net, $1.00; postpaid, $1.08.This volume is a reprint of the third edition (1587) ofthe most popular prose work of Fray Luis de Leon, withvariants of the first edition, and introductory notes. Thepresent edition possesses a distinct advantage over theformer ones, which have all been in a form inconvenient forthe student of the sixteenth century Spanish and often subject to embarrassing inaccuracies. The text is reprintedfrom one which was corrected and revised by de Leon andforms an excellent basis for the study of the style and language of the great master of Spanish prose.224 UNIVERSITY IIEC&M3VbLi VIlM-Legal TenaW i- A Sttiay m English andAfmnititiM By Soph6nisbA. P^Breckinridge, oi the Department of Political Science. [In Press.]The object of this study is to present the : histbry of tlieexercise of the legal-tender power by the governments ofEngland and of the United States. The idea of legal tender js primarily a legal idea. In order that the relations ofdebtor and creditor may have a due degree of certainty, it isessential that certain money units in common use shall carrywith them the right to use them in canceling obligations growing out of Contracts. The purpose of bestowing this right is,then, a legal purpose. But the right is often conferred forother reasons than the legal one; — from political and economicreasons. A review of the forms in Which the power to bestow the right has been exercised, of the reasons which haveprevailed, of the constitutional and political considerationsinvolved, i$ here presented as a basis for the solution ofecopomic problems connected with the subject, and dependent for their right understanding upon such consideration.Vol. yill.-- The Role of Diffusion and OsmoticPressure in Plants. By Burto^ E. Livingston, of the Department of Botany. [In Press.]The fundamental importance of osmotic phenomena inorganic life has long led teachers to feel the need of atreatise on this subject at once thorough and concise, suchthat it might be used by students whose knowledge of chem-istty and physics is only elementary. The first; part of thepublication supplies this demand. In the second part theauthor has presented the present status of knowledge withregard to the osmotic occurrences in plants . Here thoroughness and completeness have not been sacrificed to conciseness, but the two have been so brought together that thispart should be valuable, not only to the beginning studentwlio wishes to acquaint himself with the nature of the absorption and transmission in plants, but also to the advancedstudent who desires a bibliography of physiological osmosisand diffusion.Vol. IX. — A History of the Greenbacks, with SpecialReference to the Economic Consequences of TheirIssue. By Wesley Clair Mitchell, of theDepartment of Political Economy. [In Press.]The experience of the United States with the greenbacks is of peculiar interest from both the historical andeconomic points of view. This monograph treats the subject from both points of view, the first part being devoted- tothe study of the chain of events which led up to the issueof the paper money, and the second part tracing in detailthe effects of the desertion of a metallic for a paper standard.The elaborate chapter on wages includes a detailed analysisof the Aldrich Report in comparison with the hitherto almost unused material by Mr. J, D. Weeks in Vol. XX of theCensus of 1880. An interesting feature is the incidentalstatistical demonstration of an element of truth in the much-despised subsistence theory of wages. Similar studies onrent, interest, and profits are followed by a chapter upon"The Greenbacks and the Cost of the Civil War," showingto what degree the paper issues increased the expense incurred by the government in carrying on the struggle. Vol: X.^-The SiMfof Sielldf Evohtion; A Popular AccdtM of Modern Methods of Astrophysical Research By George Ellery HaiIe, oftrie Department of Astrohbmy. [In Preparation.]The purpose of this book is to tell how the brigih, development, and decay of celestial bodies is studied, in amodern observatory. The remarkable advances in astronomyduring the second half of the nineteenth century, includingthe development of great telescopes, the introduction of thespectroscope arid the many discoveries made with its aid,and the results pbtained through the use of photography,have given the study of stellar evolution prominent ( /place inthe work of many observatories. The explanations of instruments and methods are accompanied by illustrations, andthe most recent astronomical photographs obtained with thetelescopes of the Yerkes Observatory are reproduced in aseries of plates.Vol. XL— Lectures on Calculus of Variations. ByOskar Bolza, of the Department 61 AJathe-matics^ [In Preparation.]This treatise is, in substance, a reproduction in considerably extended form of a series of lectures delivered bytlie author at the Colloquium held in connection With thesummer meeting of the American Mathematical Society atIthaca, N.Y., in August, 1 901. It gives a detailed accountof the typical and most important class of problems in thecalculus of variations-— in which an integral dejpendingupon a plane curve and containing no higher but the firstderivatives of the unknown functions is to be maximized orminimized— with special emphasis upon the progress of thethe theory during the last twenty-five years. The followingtopics are treated: (1) the older theory of the first and secondvariation from £uler to Jacobi, and the critical revision ofits foundations and demonstrations by DuBois-Reymond,Scheeffer,Weierstrass, and others; (2) Weierstrass's theory: theproblem in parameter-representation, the, fourth necessarycondition; sufficient conditions; (3) simplifications and extensions of Weierstrass's theory, especially by Kneser andHilbert; (4) the so-called isoperimetric problems; (5) Hubert's existence theorems.Vol. XII. — Studies in General Physiology. ByJacques Loeb, of the Deparment of Physiology. [In preparation.]This volume will contain some of the author's principalpapers on the subjects of animal tropisms, heteromorphosisand artificial transformation of organs, artificial parthenogenesis, physiological effects of ions, the effects of lackof oxygen, function of cell nucleus, etc. These papershave appeared in scattered German periodicals or as separate publications in German, and many of them are now outof print or inaccessible.Vol. XIII. — Glacial Studies in Greenland. ByThomas C. Chamberlin, of the Departmentof Geology. [In preparation.]This will consist of a detailed description of about fifteen Greenland ice tongues, and of a portion of the mainUNIVERSITY RECORD 225ice cap, dwelling especially upon the1 significant features,followed by a chapter on generalizations, a chapter on experiments, a chapter, on theoretical deductions, and a chapter on the applicability of the generalizations and deductions to the great ice invasions of the past.Vol. XIV— Studies in Logical Theory. Edited byJohn Dewey, of the Department of Philosophy, with the co-operation of members aridfellows of the Department of Philosophy.[In preparation.]As is indicated by the title of this volume, the bookundertakes a series of critical and constructive studies inlo^ic along the lines of the recent work of such authors asBradley, Bosanquet, Lotze, and Sigwart, as well as Milland some of the earlier English writers. Among the contributors, besides the editor, are Dr. MacLennan, of OberlinCollege ; Dr. Stuart, of the State University of Iowa ; Dr.Helen Thompson, of Mount Holyoke College ; Drs. Mooreand Ashley, of the University of Chicago, etc. The volume represents the first fruits given to the public of the investigation carried on continuously in the Graduate Schoolor the University during the last eight years.Vol. XV.— The Finality of the Christian Religion. By George Burman Foster, of theDepartment of Systematic Theology. [Inpreparation.]The; work has two sections : " Christianity as Authority-Religion " and ° Christianity as Religion of the MoralConsciousness of Man." In the first section the rise, development, and disintegration of Christianity as authority-religion is historico-cntically traced. In the second section,Christianity as religion of the moral consciousness is definedin antithesis to the extremes of naturalism and clericalism.Then the respective merits of the dogmatic and the religio-historical methods of approach to the main subject are examined. Finally, in the light of the originality of personality on the one hand, and of the doctrine of a foreverprogressive humanity on the other, in accordance with theidea of evolution, the problem, " Is Christianity the UltimateReligion?" is treated m a critical and constructive manner.Vol. XVI. — Predecessors of Goethe in Italy inthe Eighteenth Century. By Camillo vonKlenze, of the Department of the GermanicLanguages and Literatures. [In preparation.]The aim of this investigation is to study in detail thethe attitude towards Italy taken by the eighteenth century,with a view of determining not merely what those generations saw or failed to see in the peninsula, but to decide too,in how far Goethe's famous " Italienische Reise "— a bookthe value of which has been so variously estimated — showsdependence on the preference and prejudices of its time, andfurthermore in how far — if at all — Goethe goes beyond hiscontemporaries. In this fashion, it is hoped, somethingmay be done towards eliminating from our judgment of thisfamous work that element of shifting subjectivity which hasso far prevailed. Vol. XVII. — The Place of Apacdlyptic Messian-ism in the Teaching of Paul. By ShailerMathews, of the Department of New Testament Literature and Interpretation.The point of approach is the messianic estimate placedupon Jesus by his immediate followers. The messianic hopeof the Pharisees is then used as a criterion for historial interpretation. With its aid a study is made of the Pauline doctrine of judgment and justification through faith ; the mes-siahship of Jesus as the basis of the Pauline theodicy; themessianic age and its forerunner the gift of the spirit ; theresurrection of the body ; the coming of the kingdom ; theconsummation. As a conclusion there is shown the distinction between the essential and the formal elements of Paul-inism made possible by the results of such an investigation.THE ALUMNI.NOTES AND COMMUNICATIONS.A. E. Merrill, '02, is Assistant in Physics inWilliams College.Harry M. Adkinson, '97, has been appointedhead of a mine in Utah.Horace Lozier, '94, is in the fire and life insurance business in Chicago.Helen Davida Harper, 'oo, is taking graduatework in the School of Education.. William F. Eldridge, '01, is with the N. W.Harrison Company of Chicago.Mark Jacobs, '02, is teaching History and English in Salina, Kan., High School.Ralph A. McBroom, 'oi, is Instructor in English in University of Utah, Salt Lake City.Hugo Jone, '95, who holds the position of CityChemist, has invented a battery for producingelectricity from coal.Ralph Hamill, '99, Charles F. Robey, '99, andHenry G. Gale, 96, have been assisting ProfessorStagg with the team.Fassett A. Cotton, '03, was recently electedSuperintendent of Public Schools in Indiana onthe Republican ticket.Charles P. Cary, '98, was recently electedSuperintendent of Public Schools for Wisconsinon the Republican ticket.Louise Dodge, '02, is teaching Physics andGerman at the Mrs. Starrett School, at Forty-seventh street and Vincennes avenue.Joseph E. Raycroft, '96, of the Department ofPhysical Culture, is preparing to put the resultsof his work as Physical Examiner into book form.226 UNIVERSITY RECORDDr. S. Denham Barnes, '94, has returned toAmerica after more than a year spent in Englandand on the continent in advanced medical work.Alice E. Radford, 'oo, who spent last year inGermany and France, has accepted a position asteacher of French and Spanish in Joliet HighSchool.David W. Myhrman, '96, who took his Ph.D. inLeipsic in '91, has been appointed Docent inAssyriology at the Royal University in Upsala,Sweden.Arthur F. Biefeld, '02, has accepted a positionas tutor with the family of the President of theMexican International Railroad at Durango,Mexico.Samuel S. McClintock, '96, who went to thePhilippines last year, has been sent to the Islandof Cebu to organize a normal school, one of fivein the islands.C. H. Gordon, Ph.D., '95, Superintendent ofCity Schools, Lincoln, Neb., has been appointedInstructor of Geology and Geography in the University of Nebraska.Wilber E. Post, formerly Assistant in Bacteriology under Professor Jordan, has recently beenappointed to the position of Assistant in thePathQlogical Laboratory of Professor LudwigHektoen.Samuel N. Harper, '02, son of the President,has gone to Paris, where in company with CharlesL. Burroughs, '99, he will study at the Sarbonne.Mr. Harper will devote his attention to the studyof Russian History.Paul G. Woolley, '96, formerly Interne in Surgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital, is now Fellowin Pathology and Assistant in Bacteriology inthe medical school of the McGill University,Montreal, Canada.Philip G. Wrightson, '02, recently received hiscommission as Second Lieutenant in the UnitedStates army, and is to report for duty at FortSheridan December 1. Mr. Wrightson has beenteaching in DeKalb, 111., High School since theopening of the Fall term.News has been received just as the Record isgoing to press, by a cablegram from Mr. SamuelN. Harper, of the death in Paris, France, bytyphoid fever, of Charles Lindsey Burroughs,class of '99.The University has never had a student more widely known and more highly esteemed than Mr.Burroughs. His rank in scholarship was veryhigh. He received upon graduation the PhiBeta Kappa Key and was honored with an appointment to deliver the Bachelor's Address atConvocation. While a graduate student here hetaught in the South Side Academy. After aperiod of graduate study in the University ofPennsylvania he went abroad a few months agoto study at the Sorbonne upon a traveling fellowship of the University. Mr. Burroughs was amember of the track teams of '96, '97, '98, '99,and a member also of the athletic team which represented the University at the World's Exposition in Paris in 1900.Allen T. Burns, '97, has organized a new settlement movement in the Stock Yards district. Mr.Burns spent the summer among the laborers inthe Stock Yards for the purpose of studying thefield.The following marriages of Alumni have beenreported to the Secretary :Scott Brown, '97, to Lyda Scott, Evanston, 111.William O. Wilson, '97, to Theodora Phelps, Dunkirk,N. Y.Lora Heironymus, 'oo, to Frederick C. Robey, Springfield, 111.Elliott S. Norton, '01, to Helen Bender, St. Louis, Mo.Theodosia Kane, '97, to Jesse P. Van Doozer, Chicago.John P. Mentzer, '96, to Marion Alexander, Marion, Iowa.Mortimer B. Parker, 'oo, to Eleanor Betts, '00, St. Joseph,Mo.George T. Nesmith, '02, to Harriet Hall, Chicago.William P. Lovett, '99, to Cora McCandish, Bay City,Mich.THE SENIOR COLLEGE SCHOLARSHIP IN GERMAN.Those students are eligible for the SeniorScholarship in German: 1) Who have receivedthe Junior College Certificate between October 1,1902, and July, 1903; 2) Who have completedthe required German of the Junior College, having carried at least Courses 3, 4, and 5 in theGermanic Department, with grade not lower thanB ; and 3) Who have passed a written and oralexamination, to be conducted in German, onsome work to be announced each year by thedepartment. This work is for the current year :Sudermann's Frau Sorge (published by Holt &Co.).Candidates will apply to the DepartmentalExaminer in German before April 1.Paul O. Kern,Departmental Examiner.