VOLUME VII NUMBER 6University RecordOCTOBER, 1902THE LAW SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO.ITS ORGANIZATION.The establishment of a law school was anatural and necessary step in the development ofthe work of the University. The organization ofsuch a school presented the problem of theproper adjustment between academic and professional work. For a considerable time thetendency had been in the United States toward aconnection between colleges or universities andlaw schools, but this connection did not involveany organic relation. None of the western lawschools required for admission more than thecompletion of a high-school course, and thegreat majority of law students were not men ofacademic training; on the other hand the twoforemost law schools of the East — Harvard andColumbia — had just raised, or were about to raisethe standard of admission to the requirement ofa college degree. The arguments in favor of thelower requirement have been recently restated inan admirable manner by President Hadley ofYale, who points out the undeniable fact that thehigher standard shuts out many men otherwisewell qualified who cannot afford the expenditureof time and money involved in the longer preparation for their professional work. The greatvalue of a thorough liberal education as an aidto the successful carrying on of professionalstudies, and in giving a higher meaning andinterest to the practice of a learned profession, ishowever, universally recognized, and the greatsuccess of the Harvard Law School showed that the higher standards appealed to a large andgrowing constituency in the country. The University, while conceding that law schools of theprevailing type were and would for a considerable time continue to be, a necessity, also realizedthe fact that its position and its resources gave itthe opportunity, and made it its duty, to adoptthe highest standard of legal education, and toestablish its law school upon the foundation ofacademic work. It was at the same time recognized that it would entail no substantial sacrificeof the principle thus adopted to let the last year *of the college work count as the first year of theprofessional work. Professional work, properlyconducted, has much the same cultural value asacademic work, and six years in the aggregate ofacademic and professional work ought to satisfyfully the demand for liberal education. The firstyear of law-school work, moreover, presents a mostadmirable form of intellectual training, and iswell worth counting toward the Bachelordegree.It was therefore decided to require for admission to the Law School the completion of threeyears of college work and to confer the Bachelordegree upon the completion of the first year ofthe law-school work. The second and third yearwork being graduate work, it seemed proper togrant to those who complete the curriculum thedegree of Doctor of Law (J. D.) This form ofdegree was chosen upon consultation with thetwo other graduate law schools of the country,and in the expectation of its adoption by theseschools in the near future. The law school ad-199200 UNIVERSITY RECORDmits as special students persons who are upwardsof twenty-one years of age and who do not comply fully with the regular admission requirements.Special students who are qualified to enter theUniversity may be accepted by the faculty ascandidates for the degree of LL.B., the degree tobe granted only if the candidate maintains a highstanding (an average of B) throughout his work.By requiring a specially high quality of work, acheck will be placed upon the indiscriminateadmission of special students and the characterof the school as a graduate school will bestrengthened. Special students who show exceptional merit will receive proper recognition, butthe degree of J. D. will be reserved for collegegraduates.The curriculum of the school is largely determined by the historical development of thecommon law and by the legal requirements foradmission to the practice of the law. The workof the first year is required, and consists of thethe following courses : Contracts, Torts, Persons,Property, Criminal Law, Agency, and Pleading.The work of the second and third year is elective,with the exception of practice work which allstudents take, and without fixed order of succession. During the present year the followingsecond and third year courses are offered : Evidence, Equity, Corporations, Trusts, Bills andNotes, Conveyancing, Wills and Future Interests,Partnership, Sales, Suretyship, Bankruptcy, Conflict of Laws, Constitutional Law, InternationalLaw, and Municipal Corporations. In additionthere are lecture courses on Patents, Copyrights,Trademarks, Mining, Admiralty, Railroads, Federal Jurisprudence, and Legal Ethics.It is very desirable that the education of thelaw student should include instruction in history,economics and political science. It is from thispoint of view that the requirement of previousacademic work is of particular value. For thestudent needs his full three years for the professional work, and having once entered upon thiswork, is rarely willing to give much time to studies without direct bearing on the practice ofthe law. Provision has therefore been made fora pre-legal curriculum in the third y ear of thecollege course, devoted chiefly to political economy and American and English constitutionalhistory. The student will thus enter upon thestudy of the law with some knowledge of thefoundation of legal principles in historical tradition and economic and social requirements.While the Law School regards it as its first andforemost function to train lawyers, it realizes itsduty to the university to cultivate legal science inits less practical aspects. Opportunity will begiven for the pursuit of graduate studies in systematic and comparative jurisprudence, legalhistory and principles of legislation. This branchof the work of the Law School will be closely affiliated with the work ot the Departments ofHistory, Political Economy, Political Science, andSociology.A library of about 18,000 volumes has beensecured or is in course of being purchased, at anexpense of $50,000 ; the library includes the reports of all the courts of the United States, andof the several states and territories, of England,Scotland, Ireland, Canada, Australia, and India,the statutes now in force in these jurisdictions,and a large number of session laws, many of themrare and valuable. An adequate collection offoreign reports and statutes, magazines, and treatises, is being added to the sources of the commonlaw. The law school will thus own one of thebest law libraries in the country.The law school has opened its work with a registration of sixty students, one-fourth of this number being second and third year students.ITS QUARTERS, TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT.The Law School is temporarily housed on thesecond and third floors of the Press Building,which was finished in the summer of 1902, and isone of the best and most modern buildings of theUniversity. On the third floor are the readingroom and the library. The reading-room, lightedUNIVERSITY RECORD 201from south, west, and north, is a cheerful and attractive room, furnished with study tables andchairs in dark oak, with seats for one hundredstudents. Around the room are the National Reporter series of reports, the American DecisionsReports, and State Reports, the United States,Illinois Supreme and Appellate Court Reports,and the other English and American reportsmost commonly used, as well as the principalstatutes-books of the states. Immediately adjoining is the library containing the stacks in whichmost of the books are placed ; to these the studentshave free access. In the library are found alsothe dean's office and the study-tables of the professors, who are ready at all times to be consultedby students on legal or other difficulties. In onecorner of the library is the Faculty Room, whichis also used as a lecture-room for the smallerclasses. The main lecture-room is on the secondfloor, well-lighted and ventilated. Lockers areprovided for the students, who are thus able tomake the school their headquarters during theentire working day. The reading-room is openfrom eight in the morning until ten at night.Plans have been accepted for the new buildingof the Law School, which is expected to be readyfor occupancy by the beginning of the year 1904.The building will be of stone, in the EnglishGothic style, which has been consecrated to English law by the use for legal purposes of Westminster Hall and the Inns of Court. The basement will contain smoking and conversationrooms, toilet-rooms, and lockers. On the firstfloor will be two large lecture-rooms, capable ofseating about one hundred and fifty men each,and a number of smaller lecture-rooms, classrooms, offices, etc. On a mezzanine floor abovewill be the stack-room of the library, 9 feethigh, occupying this entire floor of the building ; here will be the work tables and studies ofthe professors, the librarian's room and otherrooms for the administration of the library, andstack-room for at least 125,000 lawbooks. Abovethis will be* the reading-room, a great hall 180 feet long and 50 feet wide, with timbered roof andclere-story windows equaling in dignity and beautythe great English academic halls. The finishing and furnishing of this hall will be under thedirection of the architects, Messrs. Shepley, Rutanand Coolidge. The impressive dignity and thehistoric associations of the architecture of thisgreat hall will of themselves be of great educational value. The reading-room will furnish wallspace for about 25,000 volumes. On the same floorwill be the dean's office, and a large lecture-roomseating two hundred and fifty men.The building will be thoroughly ventilated, andall parts of it, except the smaller lecture-rooms,will be lighted by windows on opposite sides.The building will be in the main quadrangle ofthe University, and will be connected by coveredpassages with the general library of the Universityand with the building of the Historical departments, when the latter buildings are erected.JOSEPH HENRY BEALE, t JR., A.M., LL.B.,Professor of Law and Dean of the Law School.Joseph Henry Beale, Jr., was born at Dorchester, Mass., October 12, 1861, and educated atChauncy Hall School, Boston, and at HarvardCollege, graduating A.B. in the class of 1882.After teaching for a year at St. Paul's School,Concord, N. H., he spent a year in the GraduateSchool at Harvard University and three years inthe Harvard Law School, graduating from thelatter in 1887 with the degrees A.M. and LL.B.Admitted to the Massachusetts bar in 1886 hepracticed law in Boston from 1887 to 1892, andagain from 1900 to 1902, holding appointmentsas lecturer on damages at the Harvard Law Schoolin 1 891; instructor in criminal law and carriers,1 891-2 ; assistant professor of law, 1892-97,and professor of law since 1897. In 1898 Mr.Beale was a member of the Massachusetts StateCommission to simplify criminal pleadings, andassisted in drafting the bill which was passed bythe legislature of 1899.While a student in the law school Mr. Bealewas one of the founders of the Harvard Law202 UNIVERSITY RECORDReview, and contributed an article on "Tickets"to the first number. Since that time he has frequently contributed articles on legal subjects tothe Harvard Law Review and the Green Bag, hasedited the last editions of Sedgwick on "Damages," of May's " Criminal Law," and of Parsonson "Partnership," has written a book on " Criminal Pleading and Practice," and an introductionto the latest edition of "Glanville;" has compiled collections of cases on Criminal Law, Carriers, Damages, and Conflict of Laws, and jointlywith Mr. B. Wyman on Public Service Companies.Mr. Beale read a paper on " MassachusettsCharter Legislation," at the last meeting of theNational Municipal League and a paper on" The First Year Curriculum of Law Schools " atthe last meeting of the American Bar Association.ERNST FREUND, J.U.D., PH.D.Professor of Law.Ernst Freund was born in 1864 in the city ofNew York, where his father was established inbusiness as a merchant importer. He receivedhis education in Germany, attending the Gymnasium in Dresden and in Frankfort-on-the-Main.From 188 1 to 1884 he pursued the study of thelaw at the Universities of Heidelberg and Berlin,receiving the degree of J.U.D. from Heidelbergin 1884. He thereafter studied law in New Yorkin the Law School of Columbia College underProfessor Dwight, and was admitted to the bar in1886. He practiced law from 1886 to 1893, devoting himself chiefly to conveyancing. From1892 to 1893 he held the position of Lecturer onAdministrative Law and Municipal Corporationsin the School of Political Science of ColumbiaUniversity. In 1894 he received an appointmentas Instructor in the Department of Political Science of the University of Chicago, with which heremains now connected as Professor of Jurisprudence and Public Law. In 1897 he received thedegree of Ph.D. from Columbia University. Mr.Freund has published an Essay on the Legal Nature of Corporations, and has contributed a num ber of papers on legal subjects to American andGerman periodicals, especially to the AmericanLaw Review, the Harvard Law Review, and thePolitical Science Quarterly.HORACE KENT TENNEY, A.B., LL.B.,Professor of Law.Horace Kent Tenney was born at Portage, Wis.,on the nth of September, 1859. During hisearly childhood his parents removed to Madison,Wis., where he resided with them until 187 1,when the family removed to Chicago. He attended the public schools for a time, and wasfitted for college at the preparatory departmentof the old University of Chicago. At the beginning of the college year of 1876 he entered theclassical course of the University of Vermont asa member of the class of 1880. He left that university at the end of the junior year, and inSeptember, 1879, entered the law school of theUniversity of Wisconsin at Madison, from whichhe was graduated with the degree of Bachelor ofLaws in June, 1881. Before being graduated hehad been admitted to the Wisconsin bar inNovember, 1880, and immediately after graduationin 1 88 1 he entered upon the practice of the law inChicago, where he has . since remained in thepractice of his profession. He is now the seniormember of the firm of Tenney, McConnell, Cof-feen & Harding.In 1 89 1 the University of Vermont conferredupon Mr. Tenney the degree of A.B., as a degree in course with the class of 1880.Mr. Tenney has been a lecturer upon practicein the John Marshall Law School, and has servedas first vice-president of the Chicago Bar Association, of which he is a member. He is also amember of the Illinois State Bar Association andthe American Bar Association.BLEWETT LEE, A.B., LL.B.,Professor of Law.Blewett Lee was born near Columbus, Miss.,on March 1, 1867, the son of Lieutenant- GeneralStephen D. Lee, one of the surviving command-UNIVERSITY RECORD 203ers of the Confederate Army. He graduated fromthe Agricultural and Mechanical College of Mississippi in 1883, with the degree of B.S., spenttwo years in study at the University of Virginia,and afterward studied law at Harvard, graduatingfrom that university in 1888 with the degrees ofLL.B. and A.M. The next year he spent in foreign travel and in study at the universities ofLeipsig and Freiberg. In 1889 he became private secretary of Justice Gray, of the SupremeCourt of the United States. In 1890 he beganthe practice of law at Atlanta, Ga., where heremained for three years. During this time hebecame a member of the first faculty of theAtlanta Law School. In 1893 he came to Chicago to take a professorship in the NorthwesternUniversity Law School, with which he remainedconnected until his appointment in 1902 as general attorney of the Illinois Central RailroadCompany, a position he still retains. Mr. Leehas been engaged in the general practice of lawsince 1890, and has had occasion to devote special attention to the subjects of carriers, corporations, and constitutional law.JULIAN WILLIAM MACK LL.B.,Professor of Law.Julian W. Mack was born in San Francisco,Cal., July 19, 1866. Four years later he removedto Cincinnati and was a student in the publicschools and Hughes' High School of that cityuntil his graduation in 1884. Three years werespent at the law school of Harvard University.In 1887 he was chosen class orator and receivedthe degree LL.B. cum laude. In the years 1887-1890 he studied at the Universities of Berlin andLeipsig upon the Parker Fellowship of HarvardUniversity. Returning to this country in 1890he made Chicago his home, and in the same yearwas admitted to the bar of the Supreme Courtsand of the Federal Courts of Ohio and Illinois.He has been in active practice in Chicago sincethen.Mr. Mack was appointed professor of law inNorthwestern University in 1895, and held this place until his appointment in September, 1901,to a professorship in the new law school of theUniversity of Chicago.Mr. Mack is a member of the Quadrangle, theLiterary, the Law and the Ravisloe clubs ofChicago, and of the American, Illinois and Chicago Bar Associations.CLARKE BUTLER WHITTIER, A.B., LL.B.,Professor of Law.Clarke Butler Whittier was born in St. Louis,Mo., in 1872. His parents shortly afterwardsremoved to Toronto, Canada, where his childhood was spent, and in 1881 southern Californiabecame the family home. Mr. Whittier graduatedfrom the Riverside, Cal., High School in 1890with its first class, having completed the requiredwork and entered college a year previously. Twoyears, 1889-91, were spent at the University of thePacific, at San Jose, Cal. When Leland StanfordJunior University opened its doors in 1891 heentered the junior class, and in 1893 received thedegree of Bachelor of Arts, with history as hismajor subject. The next two years were spent inthe Harvard Law School. The third year he tooka leave of absence and practiced law in LosAngeles, Cal. Mr. Whittier received his lawdegree with his class in 1896. Having decidedto make the teaching of law his life work, planswere laid for further study. A preliminary yearwas spent at Stanford University in the studyof history and economics. During this yearMr. Whittier accepted an instructorship in lawin his Alma Mater. The position becamemore important as the work of the departmentwas enlarged, and he has since remained at Stanford, being made Assistant Professor in 1899 andAssociate Professor in 1900. When he beganwork only one year of law work was offered.Since then the Department of Law has been fullyorganized, and Mr. Whittier had the opportunityof assisting Mr. Nathan Abbott, the major professor, in the development of plans for its increased efficiency.204 UNIVERSITY RECORDJAMES PARKER HALL, A.B. LL.B.,Professor of Law.Mr. James Parker Hall entered Cornell University from the high school of Jamestown, N. Y., in1890, received a Phi Beta Kappa key in his junioryear, was one the Woodford orators in his senioryear, and also commencement orator. He wasgraduated A.B. in 1894 from Cornell Universityand LL.B. cum laude from the law school of Harvard University in 1897. During his. stay at Cambridge he was president of the Harvard Union, andhe is now permanent secretary of his law-schoolclass. In the autumn of 1897 Mr. Hall was admitted to the New York bar and began practice inBuffalo with the firm of Bissell, Carey & Cooke.In 1 898-1 900 he was lecturer on real propertyand constitutional law in the Buffalo Law School.In 1900 he abandoned the active practice of lawto accept the appointment of associate professorof law in Leland Stanford Junior University.Two years later he was called to a professorshipin the Law School of the University of Chicago.In 1 90 1 Mr. Hall gave an address upon "TheInsular Decisions " before the California BarAssociation.HON. HENRY VARNUM FREEMAN, A.M.,Lecturer on Legal Ethics.Henry Varnum Freeman, presiding justice ofthe branch of the Appellate Court, First Districtof Illinois, is of Massachusetts ancestry, a descendant of the Plymouth colony pilgrims. Hisfather, who was for many years superintendent ofschools in Freeport and Rockford, 111., having removed to this state in 1856, was widely knownand honored both as a teacher and a man. HenryVarnum Freeman was fitted for college in thepublic schools and the preparatory department ofBeloit College, and was admitted to that institution in 1862. In August of that year, however,he enlisted in the army as a private soldier. Heserved in the Army of the Cumberland until theend of the Civil War, returning home in 1865 withthe rank of captain. He entered Yale Universityin September of that year, graduating in the class of 1869. Engaging then in the study of law, hewas admitted to the bar, became principal of thehigh school at Charleston, 111., and after someexperience as a clerk in a law office began the independent practice of the law at Chicago in 1873.He continued in active practice until 1893, whenhe was nominated by the Bar Association of Chicago for Judge of the Superior Court, was subsequently endorsed by the Republican convention,and elected, taking his seat upon the bench inDecember of that year. Five years later he wasre-elected,-was appointed by the Supreme Court ajustice of the Illinois Appellate Court, and assigned to the branch of that court sitting in theFirst District at Chicago, of which at present heis presiding justice. His opinions are reportedin the Illinois Appellate Court Reports, commencing with volume 75.Judge Freeman is a member of the ChicagoLiterary Club, of which he has been president ;of the Illinois Commandery of the Military Orderof the Loyal Legion, of which he has beencommander ; of the Quadrangle, the University, the Hamilton, and Homewood Countryclubs, and of the George H. Thomas Post of theG. A. R. He received the degree of ArM. fromYale in 1874, became lecturer on medical jurisprudence in Rush Medical College in 1898, andis now lecturer on legal ethics in the Law Schoolof the University of Chicago.CHARLES EDWARD KREMER,Lecturer on Admiralty Law.Charles Edward Kremer was born at Oshkosh,Wis., and attended the German and English grammar schools and the high school of that city.After a brief experience as teacher of a districtschool, he entered the law offices of H. H. andG. C. Markham, at Milwaukee, in 187 1, andremained with these gentlemen as a student andclerk until his admission to the bar of Wisconsin,in October, 1874. In May of the following yearhe came to Chicago and began the practice of law,with admiralty cases as his specialty, for which hehad fitted himself not only by the study of mar i-UNIVERSITY RECORD 205time law, but by a thorough acquaintance withthe construction and navigation of every kind ofwater craft upon the lakes. Soon after his arrivalin Chicago, Mr. Kremer founded the ChicagoYacht Club, and has been ever since a memberof it, and an active yachtsman.For more than twenty years Mr. Kremer hashad the largest admiralty practice in Chicago andthe Northwest. During this time he has appearedin all the important admiralty cases in his circuit,and in many important cases beside in the adjoining sixth and eighth circuits. He has aided inthe settlement of the law and practice in numerous leading admiralty cases in the Supreme Courtof the United States, and is still an active practitioner in this branch of the law. Since 1893 Mr.Kremer has been a lecturer on maritime law andadmiralty practice in the Chicago College ofLaw.FRANCIS WARNER PARKER, A.B., LL.B.,Lecturer in Patent Law.Francis Warner Parker was born in Alton, 111.,in 1858, and was educated in the Alton publicschools and at Shurtleff College, Upper Alton,111., where he took the degree of A.B. in 1878and A.M. in 1884. He has resided in Chicagosince 1879. Here he has pursued the study of law,and here he was admitted to the bar in 1880.He is a member of the bar of the Supreme Courtof the United States and of the State of Illinoisand the various circuit and district courts in andabout Chicago. He was an examiner in the Patent Office in Washington during portions of theyears 188 1, 1882, and 1883. Since then he hasbeen actively engaged in the practice of patent law in Chicago. He was a member* of theThirty-fourth General Assembly of Illinois, serving during the session of 1885 on the judiciaryand other committees. He is a member of theIllinois State Bar Association, the Chicago BarAssociation and the Patent Law Association. Hehas long been actively interested in educationalmatters as a trustee of Shurtleff College, andrecently as a trustee of the University of Chicago. He resides at the Hotel del Prado and has foursons who are attending the various preparatoryschools of the University.GEORGE RECORD PECK, A.M., LL.D.,Lecturer on Railroad Law.Mr. George Record Peck was born near Cameron, Steuben county, New York, May 15, 1843.His parents removed in 1849 t0 Jefferson county,Wis., where they settled near Palmyra, and wherehe remained at home alternating work and studyuntil 1861.In 1862 he left college and enlisted as a private in the First Wisconsin Heavy Artillery, andafterwards was promoted to a lieutenancy in the31st Wisconsin Infantry. He was with Sherman'sArmy in its march to the sea, and was engaged inthe important battles and sieges of that campaign.In 187 1 Mr. Peck removed to Independence,Kas., and practiced his profession until 1874,when he was appointed by President Grant,United States Attorney for Kansas. He was reappointed by President Hayes, but resigned threeyears later to form a partnership at Topeka withHon. Thomas Ryan, who was later United StatesMinister to Mexico, and is now Assistant Secretary of the Interior.From 1881 to 1893, with the exception of twoyears, Mr. Peck was the general solicitor of theAtchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Co. In1893 he removed to Chicago, and two years laterhe became the general counsel of the Chicago,Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway Co. This position he now holds. He is also the senior memberof the law firm of Peck, Miller & Starr, Chicago.Upon the death of Senator Plumb, in 1892,Mr. Peck was tendered the appointment of UnitedStates senator from Kansas, but declined. He ismember of the Loyal Legion, and the GrandArmy of the Republic, and has served as commander of the Grand Army.In 1900 Mr. Peck delivered the annual address,"The March of the Constitution," before theAmerican Bar Association.206 UNIVERSITY RECORDMr. Peck has received the degrees of A.M.,Milton College, 1902; of LL.D., University ofKansas, 1890, Union College, 1898, BethanyCollege, 190T.FRANK FREMONT REEDwas born at Monmouth, 111., August, 1857; he isthe son of Philo E. Reed and Minerva D. Reed,who were Ohio people. During the War of theRebellion "Mr. Reed's father was Captain ofCompany A, Eighty-third Illinois Infantry. Hewas killed at Fort Donelson while defending thefort from an attack of Forrest and Wheeler's cavalry, on February 13, 1863.In 1866 Mr. Reed and his mother returned toWarren, Trumbull county, O., where he wasgraduated from the public schools and the highschool, preparatory for college. In 1876 heentered Michigan University and was graduatedfrom its Literary Department with the degree ofA.B. in 1880.After leaving the college he spent one year atCleveland in the law office of Tyler & Dennison,and another year in the office of Hutchins &Tuthill, at Warren, O. In the fall of 1882 Mr.Reed came to Chicago and was admitted to thebar here. He entered the office of Dent & Black.In the following May he went with Moses & Newman, with which firm he was associated for fouryears, at the end of which time he was admittedto the firm, which continued with the firm nameof Moses, Newman & Reed until January 1, 1,888when Mr. Reed withdrew, forming other connections, the last one, with Charles H. Aldrich, Solicitor General of the United States under President Harrison, the firm name being Aldrich& Reed. This firm dissolved in 1897, andsince that time Mr. Reed has been practicinglaw alone with offices in the Home InsuranceBuilding.For the past five years he has been non-resident Lecturer on Copyright and Trade Mark Lawin Michigan University as well as in the ChicagoCollege of Law. Mr. Reed has made a specialty of Trade Mark and Copyright Law, though hispractice has not by any means been confined exclusively to these branches.SAMUEL WILLISTON, AM., LL.B.,Lecturer on Federal Jurisdiction.Samuel Williston was born in Cambridge,Mass., on September 24, 1861. His parents wereLyman R. Williston and Anne E. (Gale) Willis-ton. He was fitted in private schools and at theCambridge High School for Harvard College,which he entered in 1878 and from which hegraduated in course in 1882. For three yearsafter graduation he was occupied in Newport, R.L, and in Philadelphia as a private secretary andas a teacher, but in 1885 returned to Cambridgeand entered the Harvard Law School. He graduated cum laude in 1888, representing the lawschool on the university commencement stage,and also receiving a prize awarded by the Harvard Law School Association for an essay on thehistory of the law of business corporations. Aftergraduation followed a year at Washington as secretary of Justice Horace Gray, and in October,1899, Mr- Williston began practice in Boston inconnection with the firm of Hyde, Dickinson &Howe. In 1890 he was appointed assistant professor of law in the Harvard Law School, andthereafter withdrew from practice to a largedegree, though not entirely. In 1895 he waspromoted to a professorship, which he still holdsin the same institution. During the past fifteenyears he has made numerous contributions tolegal periodicals, especially the Harvard LawReview. He edited the eighth edition of Parsonson Contracts (1893); Cases on Contracts (1894) ;Cases on Sales (1894) ; Stephen on Pleading (1895);Cases on Bankruptcy (1901-2). In 1894-95 hewas a bar examiner for Suffolk county.JOHN MAXCY ZANEwas born March 26, 1863, at Springfield, 111.;was educated at the grammar schools and highschool of that city; entered the University ofMichigan September, 1880, took the classicalUNIVERSITY RECORD 207course in the Department of Literature and Arts,was graduated in June, 1884, with the degree ofBachelor of Arts (A. B.); after graduation wentto Salt Lake City, Utah, with his father, CharlesS. Zane, who was for many years Circuit Judge atSpringfield, 111., and from 1884 until 1900 ChiefJustice of Utah. After going to Utah Mr. Zanestudied law with his father, was admitted to thebar in 1888, was Assistant United States Attorney of Utah from 1889 *° ^93; was Reporter of theSupreme Court of Utah from 1889 to 1894, andedited Volumes IV to IX of the Utah Reports;was in general practice at Salt Lake City until1899; in that year removed to Chicago, and published Zane on Banks and Banking in June, 1900.In June, 1901, entered the firm of Shope, Mathes,Zane & Weber and is now engaged in generalpractice.THE CURRICULUM.The curriculum of the law course covers one year of pre-legal studies and a three-years' course ofprofessional law studies.I. THE PRE-LEGAL CURRICULUM.The following six Majors are required.DEPARTMENT OP POLITICAL ECONOMY.2 Majors.1, 2. Principles of Political Economy. Exposition ofthe laws of Modern Political Economy. — Thesecourses are designed to give the students anacquaintance with the working principles ofModern Political Economy. The general drillin the principles cannot be completed in onequarter; and the department does not wishstudents to elect Course 1 who do not intend tocontinue the work in Course 2. Descriptiveand practical subjects are introduced as theprinciples are discussed, and the field is onlyhalf covered in Course 1.Assistant Processors Hill and Hatfield. THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY.4 Majors.13. The Constitutional and Political History of England to the Reign of Edward I.Professor Terry.14. The Constitutional and Political History of England from the Reign of Edward I. to the Revolution of 1688. Professor Terry.17. Constitutional History of the United States to1875. Associate Professor Shepardson.88. Constitutional History of the United States since1815. Associate Professor Shepardson.Also three additional Majors which the student is advised to elect from the following list of courses :Finance.Financial History of the United States.Accounting.Money and Practical Economics.Technique of Trade and Commerce.Constitutional History of England since 1688.Europe in the Nineteenth Century.Comparative National Government. Federal Government.Comparative Politics.Municipal Government.Primitive Social Control.Criminology.History of Political Ethics.Logic.Students are expected to have had the usual course in Civil Government in the United States beforeentering upon the pre-legal curriculum ; if not, they must make up that course during the pre-legal year.208 UNIVERSITY RECORDFirst Year.The work of the first year is required.Contracts. Professor WhittierText-book : Keener, Cases on Contracts.II. THE PROFESSIONAL CURRICULUM.Private Corporations. Professor Lee.Text-book : Smith, Cases on Private Corporations.Municipal Corporations. Professor Freund.Text-book : Smith, Cases on Municipal Corpora-Torts. Professor Hall.Text-book : Ames and Smith, Cases on Torts.Criminal Law. Professor Beale.Text-book : Beale, Cases on Criminal Law.Property. Professor Freund.Text-book : Gray, Cases on Property, Vols. I and II.Persons. Professor Freund.Text book : Woodruff, Cases on Domestic Relations.Pleading. Professor Whittier.Agency. Professor Hall.Text-book : Wambaugh, Cases on Agency.Second and Third Year.The second and third-year courses are elective, andmay be distributed over the two years without fixedrequirement of succession.Trusts. Professor Mack.Text-book : Ames, Cases on Trusts.Bills and Notes. Professor Mack.Conveyancing. ProfessorText-book: Gray, Cases on Property, Vols. Illand VI.Sales. Professor Hall.Text-book : Williston, Cases on Sales.Jurisprudence and Conflict of Laws.Professor Beale.Text-book : Beale, Cases on the Conflict of Laws.Constitutional Law, I. — Organization of government.Police power. Professor Freuisd.Text-book: Thayer, Cases on Constitutional Law,Vol. I.Constitutional Law, II. — The Federal Constitution.Taxation. Commerce. Professor Hall.Text-book : Thayer : Cases on Constitutional Law,Vol. II. tions.Evidence. Professor Whittier.Text-book \ Thayer, Cases on Evidence.Equity. Professor Beale.Text-book : Ames, Cases on Equity, Vol. I.Suretyship and Mortgage.Professor Whittier.Text-book : Ames, Cases on Suretyship.Partnership. Professor Hall.Text-book : Ames, Cases on Partnership.Bankruptcy. Professor Mack.Text-book : Williston, Cases on Bankruptcy.Wills and Future Interests.Professor Freund.Text -book : Gray, Cases on Property, Vols. IV, V,and VI.Practice. Professor Tenney.The course in International Law is offered by Professor Judson in the department of Political Science.The following courses will be offered in subsequentyears, but are omitted in 1902-3 :Administrative Law. Professor Freund.Carrier's and Public Service Companies.Professor Beale.Text-book: Beale and Wyman, Cases on PublicService Companies.Quasi Contracts. Professor Whittier.Equity, II. Professor Beale.Text-book : Ames, Cases on Equity, Vol. II.Equity Pleading. Professor Whittier.Roman Law. Professor Freund.Judgments and Damages. Professor Beale.Text-book : Beale, Cases on Damages.UNIVERSITY RECORD 209, LECTURE COURSES.Patent Law - Mr. Parker. Admiralty - Mr. Kremer.Copyright - Mr. Rbed. Railroads ----- Mr. Peck.Trademarks Mr. Reed. Legal Ethics - Mr. Freeman.Mining - Mr. Zane. Federal Jurisdiction - Mr. Samuel Williston.