THEUniversity RecordOFTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOFOUNDED BY JOHN D. ROCKEFELLERVol. VI APRIL, 1902 No. 51CONTENTSThe Forty -First Quarterly Convocation :The Outlook for the Average Man in a Non-CompetitiveSociety. By Albert Shaw, Ph.D. - - - 369-383The President's Quarterly Statement - 383-391The Award of Fellowships, 1902-1903 - 392-393Library Report - 394-395Religious Work at the University of Chicago. By Professor C. R. Barnes ------ 395~4o8Conferences Frangaises. M. Hugues Le Roux - - 409The Alumni: Notes and Communications - 409-412Communications ------- 412-413General Index, Vol. VI ------ 414-420PUBLISHED MONTHLY BYZhe 1Ilni\>er0tt£ of CbicagoANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION SINGLE COPIESONE DOLLAR application made for entry at the post-office at Chicago as TEN CENTSSECOND-CLASS MATTER, UNDER THE ACT OF JULY 16, 1894VOLUME VI NUMBER 51University RecordAPRIL, 1902THE OUTLOOK FOR THE AVERAGE MAN, IN A NONCOMPETITIVE SOCIETY.*BY ALBERT SHAW, PH.D., New York, N. Y.I propose today to say something about theposition and prospects of the average young manin the face of vast current and impending changesin economic and industrial society. Certainly,I shall not hope to exhaust a subject of suchvaried aspect and such profound importance. Ishall be satisfied if I may make some suggestionsand observations that may prove in the least degree useful to some of my hearers in their thinking upon general problems, or in their dealingwith more personal or individual phases of theeconomic and social question — for it is obviousthat there are prevalent just now two kinds ofinterest and anxiety in view of the enormoustransitions that are taking place about us.i. On the part of many young men who feelthat they have their own way to make in theworld, the natural optimism of youth is temperedby a considerable anxiety by reason of the disappearance of traditional landmarks, and of thenew meanings that must be written into suchterms as "success" and "getting on in the world."A more acute anxiety, relieved by far less of personal hope or general optimism, is that of oldermen of fixed habits and diminished adaptability,who find themselves the victims of displacement1 Delivered on the occasion of the Forty-first QuarterlyConvocation of the University, held in Studebaker Theater,March 18, 1902, at 3:00 p.m. as new methods of work and of organizationruthlessly supersede old methods.2. Quite a different sort of anxiety is thatwhich has a somewhat disinterested or philosohp-ical basis, and concerns itself not so much withthe question, " How shall these things affect me,my fortunes, ^future?" as with the questions,"How is the community to be affected?" and"Are these new tendencies making in the generalsense for human emancipation and equality on anever higher plane, or are they making for a newand unpleasant kind of social and economic imperialism, in which the few shall be plutocraticmasters and the many industrial subjects ? "I shall not try to take these questions ponderously or elaborately, and I shall be inclined, quiteagainst my usual habit of mind, to give somewhat more attention to individual and personalaspects, and rather less to economic generalization. The clean-cut theory, the scientific formula,the beautiful presentation of the law of averages— all these bring only cold comfort to the individual young man who is seeking specific solutions for his own problems.If we had our grounds for trepidation twentyor twenty-five years ago as we peered over thecollege wall, there were not so many notes ofalarm sounded to affright us as the student islikely to hear in these days. The paragrapher'sjokes about the college graduate, of course, havealways been with us; but we did not hear somuch twenty years ago about the overcrowding369370 UNIVERSITY RECORDof the professions and the narrowed range ofindependent opportunity in the business world.Let me say at once, to relieve suspense, andnot to carry any needless air of gloom, that I forone do not believe in the least that there is anyreal shrinkage of opportunity in life for theworthy young man, or that the new conditionsreally threaten the prospects of the individual.There are, however, certain principles that havenew force in these altered times and that cannotbe stated with too much emphasis. One of theseprinciples is that the best possible investment anyyoung man can make is in himself; that is to say,in his own training and development for usefuland effective work in the world. The thing ingeneral to be attained is power. The thing inparticular is the special training of some kind thatenables a man to make expert application of hisdeveloped force and ability. If trained capacityhas been a valuable asset in the past, it becomesthe one indispensable asset under the new conditions.I shall not here broach directly the questionwhether or not it is worth while for the averageyoung* man to go to college. My observation hastaught me not to draw too sharp a line in businessor commercial life between men who have had apreliminary college training and those who havenot. It is useless to lay down rules. Opportunities nowadays are so numerous and varied thatthe young man of health' and determination mayreasonably hope to make his way in the worldwithout regard to any beaten path. But in oneway or another he must become educated andtrained for efficiency. I have in mind an illustration of this principle that the modern young manshould count investment in himself, the acquisition of trained capacity, as his one safeguard, hisindispensable asset. Two brothers were left orphans at seventeen or eighteen years of age, eachwith a small patrimony of perhaps $10,000. Onebrother was regarded as possessing a high senseof prudence. He was determined under no circumstances to impair the principal of his patri- ' mony, and gradually he subordinated himself tothe conserving of his petty inheritance. He wasafraid to embark in active business because he hadread that 95 or 99 per cent, of all business menand business ventures meet with failure. If he hadplaced his capital at the service of his businessenergies, it is quite true that he might soon haveimpaired it or lost it altogether; but in that processhe would have gained his experience. And for anyyoung business man who has perseverance andforce of character, experience is a good investment at any pecuniary sacrifice — for, sooner orlater, the business experience must be had, it being a necessary endowment for ultimate successin affairs ; and if the experience can be had young,like measles or other maladies of immaturity, itdoes not come so hard.But the young man to whom I refer could notbring himself to risk his capital on the perilousbillows of trade or commerce, and much less couldhe bring himself to the point of doing the nextbest thing, which would have been to use it up inmere expense or even in self-indulgence. Hestill exists, no longer so young. He has becomea model of economy, and he has been addingsomething to his capital by saving a part of theinterest ; but he is disturbed and distressed by thefact that interest rates are falling and by thegeneral insecurity of so-called "safe investments."As I have watched this man I have satisfied myself that he is just on the eve of doing one or theother of two things. With his now $15,000, hewill either buy United States government 2 percent, bonds at a premium, in which case he willsettle down for life with an income of less than$300 a year, or else he will violently react, throwprudence to the winds, and — in the parlance of theday — buy a "gold brick." If he were much pastmiddle age, we should be sorry for him if he didnot buy the government bonds. But since he isstill comparatively young, the gold brick wouldbe really his only means of salvation ; for havinglost his money, he would have to take some stockUNIVERSITY RECORD 371in himself and learn somehow to make use of hisown energies.The other young man had a different instinctaltogether. It was not, perhaps, that he had fullyreasoned it out, but he had by nature a higherspirit, a little more faith in this world and in theuniverse at large, and altogether a better perception of the meaning of life. He aspired to dothings, but even more, he longed to know and tobe. The sole use of his little patrimony seemedto him to be the launching of a man. He believed in education and he was willing to investin himself. This particular young man had atonce a strong taste for the natural sciences and asympathetic and humanitarian turn of mind. Hewent to college, threw himself with enthusiasminto his work, determined toward the end of hiscollege course to study medicine, and also resolved to use what remained of his money withoutstint in fitting himself by study and research athome and abroad for the higher walks of his profession.I need not dwell upon his early struggles ordifficulties in getting himself established in practice. I merely wish to note the fact that he hadgained the lifelong friendships and associations ofcollege life. He had made his own those priceless mental resources that are acquired by study,travel, and foreign residence, where a high objectis ever in control of conduct and the use of time.And he had established the habitual currents ofthought that are engendered by enthusiastic devotion to work in fields of science where new treasures may always be found by diligent and well-directed search. In the very process of trainingfor his life-work he had found unexpected safeguards and compensations. The financial sideof the matter is of less importance, though I mayadd that our professional brother, who did notmake money his chief aim and object, was nevertheless in due time earning twice as much moneyevery week as the prudent one could get in awhole year by clipping the coupons from hisgovernment bonds. This fragment of biography — or this parable,if you please — leads on to several other considerations that I should like to present. One ofthese is that, generally speaking, it is fortunatefor a man if he can choose a pursuit in life inwhich the pecuniary returns come as an indirectrather than a direct result of his efforts. It wasmy pleasure a year or more ago to publish anarticle written for me by Mr. Hezekiah Butter-worth, entitled "The Old Age of New EnglandAuthors." Mr. Butterworth pointed out theremarkably long period through which NewEngland writers have on the average been enabled to continue their useful and valuablelabors, and he attributed this largely to the factthat cheerfulness and serenity promote long lifeand the retention of the mental powers andfaculties in old age. And all this is undoubtedlytrue.But it was also true in a very important sensethat this class of workers owed much of thatcheerfulness of spirit to the fact that the day'swork did not take them into the competitivestruggle and clash of the marketplace, nor compel them to give much anxious thought forthe morrow. It is not that one should aspire tomere quiet or aloofness, in order to cultivateserenity and live to be ninety years old. Mypoint simply is that there are great compensationsin any kind of active life, however intense andsevere its labors may be, if only the work itselfabsorb the mind, and the pay come as a secondary consideration.My friend, a physician, striving to save the lifeof a little child, lost much sleep, and laboredincessantly; but I do not suppose that he gavethe smallest fraction of one minute to a thoughtabout the amount of his fee. Now an equalamount of effort, strain, and loss of sleep expended upon a money-making transaction, withnothing in mind except the dollars to be gained,would have a wholly different result, both immediate and permanent. It would break a mandown, and that ingloriously.372 UNIVERSITY RECORDClergymen, professors, lawyers of the betterclass, physicians, engineers, architects, and evenjournalists and newspaper men who do work of aprofessional grade — all persons, moreover, engaged worthily and usefully in any sphere ofeducation, philanthropy, or public service — andin the term public service I include not only thenon-official classes, but also the better class ofcivil servants and also the army and navy — thepeople who choose to spend their lives in theseand kindred callings may be said to form theadvance guards of the social order that is yetto be.Taking them on the average, they have neitherwealth nor poverty, and they give their bestefforts to kinds of work which are satisfactoryin themselves. Such kinds of work to a verylarge extent have attached to them fixed or customary livelihoods that come of themselves whereintelligent and faithful service is rendered to thecommunity. I am confident that the tendency inmany other fields of endeavor will be towardssome such non-competitive and permanent standards of income, with comparative fixity of tenure,and opportunity to render devotion to the workfor its own sake.Certainly I hope that the young men in ourcolleges will be Utopian enough to believe in afuture state of economic society in which eachman will be more free than now to render serviceto the community according to his special abilities, while in return the supply to all useful workers of their ordinary needs will become more andmore a matter of easy assurance, and thereforemuch more in the background than now. Buteven with our present organization of economicsociety, the young man will find many compensations and many advantages — other things beingequal — in the choice of a pursuit in life whichinterests and satisfies in itself while yielding itspecuniary rewards indirectly.Let me refer again to the question of the relative value in this transitional period of the well-equipped, highly trained man ; for we have been so gravely and so incessantly warned about thecrushing out of opportunities for young menthrough the growth of capitalistic combinations,that many of us find it hard to believe that weare not in some danger of being enfolded, stifled,and crushed within the tentacles of the octopus.We have been told that the whole present tendency is one that endangers not only the positionof the workingman — that is to say, the man wholabors with his hands, whether skilled or unskilled — :but also interposes obstacles in the wayof the independence and prosperity of merit, education, and high training. For the young manwho is not lucky enough to inherit a fortune, or tohave influence and favor that gild his prospects,it is said that the world offers a poor and ever-diminishing opportunity for earning a livelihoodand achieving success; in short, that the situation grows rapidly worse, and that the cloudson the horizon are much darker than those overhead.Now it is true that we are moving fast in themost acutely transitional period of the world'seconomic history. A powerful financier remarkedto me the other day that we had lived a thousandyears since the Sherman anti-trust law wasenacted in 1890. The production of wealth is ona prodigious scale, and its private accumulation,which has already in a number of instances givenus the man who is a millionaire a hundred timesover, is pointing to the possibility of the billionaire — -the man with a thousand millions, as nosolitary phenomenon ten or fifteen years hence.But the man of many millions is the incident, orby-product ; he is not the fundamental cause, noris he the chief or final result of the modern production of wealth. His status does not muchaffect the economic position of the average man.Two things have brought about this recentwonderful outburst of economic production. Oneis the growth of human knowledge as respects thelaws and powers of nature, resulting in practicalachievements of science and invention. Manyof the men representing this great force wereUNIVERSITY RECORD 373brought together some three weeks ago as members of a luncheon party in New York to meetPrince Henry. A number of these were menwith whose names even, most of us had not beenfamiliar, yet they have made astounding andrevolutionary applications of science to usefulproduction in mechanical or electrical or metallurgical fields, or else through great talents inorganization and in the use of improved agencies,have become the masters of one or another of thegreat lines of industry or manufacture. These,rather than the soldiers or the politicians, are thetypical leaders, the " Plutarch's men " of our newera. The second of the two agencies or forcesthat have brought about this great outburst ofeconomic production has been the use of theprinciple of co-operation giving us great associations of capital and of labor, limiting more andmore the wastefulness and meager results of competition on the. small scale, working out production on the large scale, employing every conceivable mechanical device to heighten theproductivity of labor — unity, harmony, and cooperation being the watchwords all along theline.Now these two things — the application of science and the use of the principle of human cooperation — characteristic as they were of theclosing years of the nineteenth century, are goingto be still more characteristic of that period inthe twentieth century in which the young menwho are living today must do their work. Theymust be prepared, therefore, to accept the newideas, and adjust themselves to the new society.Science, invention, skill, special training, unionof effort, harmonious co-operation — these are tobe the keynotes, certainly, of the next two orthree decades. Not only is it not in the least truethat money, capital, mere dead material possessions, are getting the better of human flesh andblood, and that mankind is coming under a newform of slavery, but exactly the opposite is true.Capital and labor, of course, must continue inassociation with one another, but of the two it is labor — that is to say human service, where itshows the touch of efficiency and knowledge —that constantly grows relatively stronger. Therenever was a time when training and skill in theindividual man counted for so much, and whenmere money apart from training and skill countedfor so little.When money could earn 10 per cent, in safeforms of investment, the man with $50,000 couldthink himself quite wealthy and perchance gothrough life without an occupation. But now,when the standard of living is advanced so much,while rates of interest have so greatly declined,the same sort of man — who in order to keep hisrelative position needs twice his old-time income— finds that mere capital counts for less and less,while highly skilled personal services count formore and more.Even in the strict world of finance itself, it isscarcely true any longer that money breedsmoney. For special skill, trained organizingability, broad outlook, and the highly developedpersonal faculties, even with an empty pocket,may prove a far better start in the race for wealththan a million dollars without those qualifications.It is true that the big combination has unitedand absorbed many little enterprises, but the bigcombination absolutely demands for its success ahigh order of personal service. It is talent andskill rather than the dead weight of united capitalupon which the great industrial and transportation systems must base their chief hope of permanent success.Where one finds such enterprises under theactive direction of men reputed to be multi-millionaires, one is likely to discover that such menare no drones, but, on the contrary, are men ofhigher personal capacity and qualification forleadership, quite irrespective of their millions,than other men who could be found to take theirplaces. Certainly up to a certain point in theircareers even men of such vast wealth as Mr. Carnegie and Mr. Rockefeller would stoutly declarethat their trained skill in the organizing and374 UNIVERSITY RECORDconduct of business enterprises was worth more asa productive asset than their accumulations of capital. If Mr. Schwab, who was not forty years ofage when made president of the United StatesSteel Corporation last year, received as large asalary as the newspapers credited him with receiving, it is easy to compute that it would haverequired a fortune of $50,000,000, if invested inUnited States 2 per cent, bonds, to produce asgreat an income as this reputed salary, paid toone young man as the price of his personal services. I have no idea how wealthy Mr. J. Pier-pont Morgan may be, but it would be safe enoughto assert that the gains produced by his personaleffort must be several times greater each year thanthe income he would derive from. his accumulatedfortune if it were invested in government securities and he were retired from active business.I mention these names not in the least to bepersonal, but because they are well known, andsolely for the way they bear upon this questionof the outlook for the average young man, illustrating the principle that now, not less, but morethan ever, the man is superior to the dollar.To reiterate it, let us grasp firmly the underlying principle that in all this recent evolution, at sorapid a rate, of business and economic life, knowledge, skill, and character stand as the best andsafest assets, and that they count for more bothpresently and prospectively than at any previousperiod.The great business of a college is to help high-minded and progressive youth to develop intomanhood of discipline, capacity, and power. Andthat being the case, the college certainly neverhad so important a work to do before as it has todo today, for never before was this particular kindof training so relatively advantageous, and neverbefore was it so needful for young men of all degrees of fortune to be prepared to do a man'swork in the world on the highest plane of theirown particular capacity.I am aware that the college and the universitydo not, from their traditional standpoint at least, aim so much to fit young men for bread and butter pursuits; but the college and the universitydo stand, not merely for acquisition, but for thehigh training of the whole man and the development of power. And such a man is not likely toprove in the end a misfit in the practical world.It is true, of course, that the problem of personal adjustment is a difficult one for a greatmany young men. Those older men who remember their own perplexities will have ample sympathy for the college junior or senior who is awell-balanced man and entirely willing to dofaithful work in the world, but is not conscious ofan overpowering call to enter any particular profession. Some young men decide these questionson broad principles, while others are guided byimmediate considerations. I have never believedthat the successful choice and pursuit of a callingshould be thought chiefly a matter of affinity.Rather am I -inclined to think it all a matter ofcharacter; that is to say, of steadfastness, whole-heartedness, and concentration. Not only is allgood work honorable, but it can be made sufficiently interesting.In some directions, of course, one must give alittle heed to the law of supply and demand.Thus it would hardly pay for fivt hundred youngmen to rush violently into preparation for professorships of Sanskrit or anthropology ; but evensuch miscalculations of the market need not befatal, for readjustment is neither impossible nordisgraceful. Thus the anthropologist out of a jobmay in due time make fame and fortune as acriminal lawyer; and the Sanskrit man mighthave developed gifts that would fit him for a highplace of service in the Philippine Islands if hedid not feel inclined to go to India as a missionary. There is not much reason to be afraid thathonest effort at training oneself for work in theworld may prove to have been misapplied. Ihave often heard men of widely varied and moreor less unlucky experiences say how in the end alltheir previous studies, efforts, and ventures hadseemed to bear exactly upon the particular taskUNIVERSITY RECORD 375to which they finally settled down with successand contentment ; so that, in the retrospect, aconsistent purpose appeared to run through alltheir earlier career, giving unity and cumulativeeffect and value to what had once seemed fragmentary, unrelated, and quite unfortunate efforts.Two things are quite certain under the new social and economic order : first, that there is to bea widening field of productive activity for the manof liberal attainments, and second, that there is tobe a vastly improved environment of opportunityfor the exercise and enjoyment of liberal attainments, quite apart from their usefulness in anydirect sphere of productive employment. Bothof these reasons seem to me to justify abundantlyalmost any effort and sacrifice that a young manmight make to improve his mind by courses ofstudy — and to obtain college and university training if he should feel himself drawn in that direction.In college one ought to acquire the habit ofseeking the truth and liking it for its own sakein a disinterested way. One's logical facultiesought to get good training in order that fallaciousreasoning may easily be analyzed and disposedof. Scientific study should have as its great objectthe training of the powers of exact observation&nd of accurate analysis; and from beginning toend a college course should train the student inthe correct and exact use of the English language.As to special departments of knowledge — suchas history, political economy, literature, ethics,and psychology — certainly it is important thatthe student should acquire and retain as large afund of information as he conveniently can ; butit7 is still more important that he should get hisintellectual bearings, acquire certain methods andhabits of thinking, verify certain standards andprinciples, and learn how to apply sound generalizations to current and passing phenomena.The important thing is clearness, which meansexact thinking, and next in importance is a certain sympathetic aptitude in more than one direction, together with some degree of capacity for enthusiasm, that is to say some optimism eithertemperamental or acquired. Men whose generaltraining has done so much for them can adaptthemselves pretty readily to special callings, learning the technique of almost any profession orindustry, and earning a decent livelihood whilepossessing the capacity for a rational use andenjoyment of life.When it comes to the choice of a profession orcalling, the individual will be guided by circumstances that defy all attempts to reduce the thingto rules or principles. It is a mistake to disparageany established profession. Thus, it is honorableto assist in the administration of justice, in themaking of laws, and in their application to thevarious relationships of society. The legal profession must therefore always have its useful andprominent place. With the harmonizing andunifying of business relationships, and the substitution of the co-operative for the competitiveprinciple, it is obvious that litigation is affected ;and in some spheres it is, fortunately, muchreduced. All this will have its effect upon thefuture of the lawyer's calling. To care for thelegal business of some individual corporationsnowadays requires a great number of trainedlawyers. In some New York law offices, as doubtless also in Chicago, one finds thirty or forty, oreven seventy-five or a hundred fully trainedmembers of the legal profession — excellentlawyers, of whom one never hears — most of themcollege graduates ; a few, perhaps, sharing in theprofits of the firm and ranking as partners, butmost of them employed at moderate salaries andworking as law clerks.It happens to please these men better to havetheir assured salaries and live their lives in agreat metropolitan center with opportunities toindulge their cultivated private tastes — to seepictures, to hear music, to meet their friends atthe club — than to scatter into smaller cities andtowns, hang out their shingles on the old-fashionedplan, and elbow their way to the front in lawpractice and in politics as persons of at least376 UNIVERSITY RECORDlocal importance. For my part I should probablyprefer the independent shingle and the countrytown ; but this is a matter of taste not to be disputed about, and the point I wish to make is thatmore and more the members of the legal profession are doubtless destined to associate togetherin these large groups under circumstances whichafford a good deal of stability and satisfaction.The medical profession affords most invitingopportunities because of its rapid progress uponreally scientific lines, its wonderful further opportunities for research, its rare opportunities for therendering of service to one's fellow-men, andabove all its growing authority and its changedposition as respects public administration. Nowthat populations tend to become urbanized andmillions of people must live in close proximity toone another, our men of research in the medicalprofession have been making a series of mostprovidential discoveries which have totallychanged all the conditions of life and have quitereversed our whole outlook upon the future.It is to the men of this noble profession thatwe owe that greatest of all modern discoveries,namely, the discovery that those very conditionsof life which fifty or seventy-five years ago seemeddestined to destroy the human race in the civilized countries of high industrial activity, couldbe turned into conditions for the positive improvement and progress of the race. It was this profession that developed the modern science ofsanitary administration ; worked out and appliedthe germ theory of disease ; abolished epidemicsof the large and uncontrolled sort such as usedto ravage all great towns at frequent intervals ;showed us the relation of pure water, sufficient airsupply and sunlight to the health of the community; taught us to inspect food ; lowered the rateof infant mortality by guarding the milk supply— and, in short, set the real standards for theadministration of municipal government.More and more, I am inclined to think, themedical profession will pass over from the sphereof a private to that of a public calling. It will become one of the most essential of the protectiveservices, somewhat as the private watchman developed into the public police organization ; andthe voluntary fire companies grew into the greatpaid and highly organized fire departments thatwe see today. The more or less voluntary andhaphazard hospital facilities have tended to become systematized and public in their supportand character. The administration of relief and:charity in modern countries has passed over inthe main from the private and voluntary agenciesto the sphere of a necessary and thoroughly organized public function. And that greatest ofall protective services — the education and training of the children of the people for their placesas citizens of the state, members of general society, and producers in the economic sense — hasin the course of time everywhere come to be recognized as the very foremost of all the functionsof the community or the state. In a somewhatsimilar sense, then, I am inclined to think, alarger and larger proportion of the men trainedfor the practice of medicine will become publicservants — administering sanitary systems ; looking after the physical development of the childrenin schools; caring for the health of workmen infactories ; ministering to the sick in hospitals andinstitutions ; serving special classes like railroadmen, sailors, or students, and specializing forthe general care of the community in a way analogous to that of the official doctors who now enforce vaccination, or the United States marinehospital service. I had not meant to say so muchabout the future of a particular profession, and Ihave said this only as illustrative of certain tendencies which I believe will affect the economicstatus of workers in a good many callings.At this point I should like to say with as muchstress as possible, apropos of the new society thatis to be evolved, that money-getting under competitive conditions is by no means the indispensable motive power that impels men to their bestactivity; and there is reason enough to think thatit may safely be allowed a less important place ;UNIVERSITY RECORD 377that is to say, human society will by no meansstagnate when men are not driven to make exertion chiefly through fear of poverty.I affirm without the slightest doubt or hesitationthat in many lines of activity affecting the community at large it is possible to secure as high adegree of efficiency in non-competitiye and public service as in service under the spur of competitive struggle and personal ambition. It is agreat mistake to undervalue men's motives.Money-getting is only one of many springs ofhuman action ; and for my part I have long sincebecome convinced that the sense of public responsibility brings out high qualities in men thatmight in those same individuals have lain dor-.mant in strictly private occupations.A large part of the progress of our times, evenin the fields of wealth production, has been dueto research and study by men who were actuatednot in the least degree by the motive of gain.But the greatest example of all is afforded by.what is now the foremost of all our professions,namely, the profession of teaching. Here we findscores of thousands of men and women rendering noble, unselfish, and indispensable service tothe community on the basis of fixed, moderatestipends, removed almost wholly from the competitive sphere of activity, and inspired to diligence and efficiency in their work by a sense ofduty and responsibility.To them it belongs in this new period to trainthe rising generation to right views of life andcitizenship, that is to say, to develop the intelligent, co-operative man of the future, as againstthe competitive man of the past. The selfishnessof the competitive man has grown principally outof his fear, and his sense of living in a worldwhose motto was "every man for himself." Thework at hand is the training of the man who canafford to believe that what helps one helps all,and that universal intelligence means universalemancipation.Right-minded men and women, therefore, whofit themselves for the work of teaching, and who appreciate its relation to the demands of citizenship in an economic society, may well feel content in the thought that they have chosen a noblecalling in which they can serve their country andtheir generation and find many incidental rewardsand compensations as they go along.As for other professions and callings — such isthe trend of our industrial life that it would seemlikely that it could make room for almost as manyengineers, electricians, and men of technologicaltraining as are likely to present themselves. Inthe higher walks of what is commonly calledbusiness — banking, mercantile enterprise, transportation, general manufacture, and the variousbranches of trade and commerce — doubtless agreatly increased proportion of young men mustexpect to work on salaries in large organizations.I am inclined to think that men who are engagedin the business of railroading are destined to bejust as well off, under the amalgamation of thevast network of American railways into severalcomprehensive systems under united control, asthey were when, not so many years ago, we had avastly larger number of separate railway companies, each with its complement of officers, engaged a part of the time in reckless rate-cutting,a part of the time in extorting high rates on theprinciple of " all the traffic would bear," and therest of the time in secret rebating. The newermethod tends to make railroading more scientific,gives it a better opportunity to serve the traveling and producing community, and affords amore attractive calling for real merit and character.As to the amalgamation of commercial andindustrial enterprises, the rapidity of the processhas doubtless caused a great deal of distressthrough changed methods and the displacementof men. But if one or two traveling salesmencan really do all the business that thirty or fortywere struggling and competing for under the oldsystem, the community as a whole must certainlyreap the benefit when the necessary readjustments have been made ; and what is good for the378 UNIVERSITY RECORDcommunity as a whole will not fail to be goodalso for most of the individuals concerned.Let us not forget that the intelligent man ofthe future is also to find a great outlet for hisenergies in the old and dignified calling of agriculture. The application of science and invention to the business of farming is destined towork changes which we are only beginning tosuspect. Scientific agriculture affords a field ofstudy of almost infinite variety, and promisessafe if not glittering financial returns. Alongwith the complete transformation of the businessof farming under the new applications of scienceand invention, is destined to come about the rehabilitation of country life througf^Jthe intelligent cultivation of co-operative methods. Greatlyimproved highways, the electric trolley for freightas well as passengers, the substitution to someextent of motor traction for horses in haulingand farmwork, the extension of the free postaldelivery, the universality of the telephone, thecentralization and great improvement of schoolsthrough the facilities offered by better roads andthrough organized methods for carrying the children back and forth, the multiplication of cooperative cheese factories and creameries, andcommon action in various other directions havingto do with purchase and sale, the performance ofheavy work by machinery, and the utilization ofraw products by the establishment of additionalprimary industries analogous to the butter andcheese factories, the multiplication of travelinglibraries and the improvement of social facilities— in all these and various other ways countrylife can and will be greatly revived ; and theposition of the intelligent and well-educatedfarmer may well be one of dignity, prosperity,and contentment.After all, the object of that better society towardwhich the civilized world is moving is to reachsuch a point of abundance in production, and offairness in distribution, that the man may bemuch more than a mere factor in the economicprocess-. There was much basis in fact for the old conception of the orthodox economistsaccording to which man was almost wholly concerned with economic functions, living his lifeunder the hard and fast sway of the law of supplyand demand. But we are destined to outlive thatconception and that status. Consciously or unconsciously, blindly or with open eyes, we areworking out our racial emancipation from thatgrind of hopeless toil which has been entitledthe primeval curse.In hopeful activity, and useful occupation, theremust indeed always be exceeding great reward.But to have achieved a certain degree of leisurelies at the very essence of progress in civilization.Herein lies the value of the periodic day of rest,the occasional holiday or half-holiday, and, aboveall, the gradual shortening of the daily hours oflabor for all classes of workers ; provided, however, that the shortening of hours is attended bysuch training and education, and is surroundedby such opportunities, that leisure from toil islikely to be filled with pleasing and improving activities. Under certain phases of the old competitive struggle for existence, a man's toil for livelihood often occupied fourteen, or sixteen, or eveneighteen hours out of the twenty-four, and itmeant the whole of life.But where men work only eight or nine hours,with a reasonable prospect that a few years hencethey will work only six or seven, the whole situation changes. It becomes relatively less vitalthat they should struggle absorbingly to rise fromthe status of journeyman to master, and from thatof master to the man able to retire from a business that always kept him absorbed and breathless, only to find himself unfit at length for anything except to accumulate adipose and to indulge somnolence in a stupid and reactionary oldage.In the better time to come, when work forordinary workers of reasonable intelligence shallhave taken on the co-operative as distinguishedfrom the competitive aspect, and when the triumphs of invention and of highly organizedUNIVERSITY RECORD 379production and distribution shall further have shortened the hours of labor, the son of toil may findample compensation as he goes along in his personal freedom, in his ownership of himself. Hemay find himself in possession of time enough tocultivate a flower garden, if that is what he likes; toacquire languages and study, comparative literature, if such be his bent ; to experiment in a laboratory; to cultivate the art of music, or, in short,to offset the monotony of his necessary vocationby the variety and charm of his avocations.Surely no one will say that this is a fanciful orvisionary forecast, inasmuch as it is highly obvious that in very many fields of human endeavorthat type of man has already made his appearance.The world is steadily moving toward the positionin which the individual is to contribute faithfullyand duly his quota of productive or protectivesocial effort, to receive in return a modest, certain, not greatly variable stipend, adjust his needsand his expenses to his income, guard the futureby insurance or some analagous method, and findmargin of leisure and opportunity sufficient togive large play to individual tastes and preferences, and therefore to counteract any stagnatingor deteriorating effects that might come fromwearing the harness of his regular craft or callingday by day.One might illustrate . by comment upon thesmall-salaried, well-educated civil service officialsof Germany, who as a class are remarkably contented, happy, and useful ; or the military andnaval officers of all countries in times of peace ;or the class to whom I have already referred,engaged in this and other countries in the workof education ; or the better class of trained andsteadily employed men in the service of greatrailway, banking, insurance, and other corporations ; or the class of highly instructed men employed in many branches of the public service inEngland, who render a fair equivalent for the salaries they obtain, and yet achieve leisure enough,many of them, to attain a fair place in literature,or at least to gratify their individual tastes. There are few such sources of satisfaction as to feel withthe poet that one's mind is his kingdom, providedonly one has some little leisure to occupy thethrone.Just as the ultimate goal in a democracy is notstrife and discord, but political harmony and concord, even so in the economic life of the community, the better hopes reach far beyond thewastefulness and strife, of the old competitivesystem and demand the substitution for it ofco-operative methods and scientific organization.From this new period of unified effort upon whichwe are entering let no man think there can beany return to the competitive system as it hasexisted heretofore. These are movements toofundamental to be vitally affected by hamperingstatutes or decisions of courts. Just as trades-unionism could never be destroyed by Englishconspiracy laws or by the American device ofinjunctions, just so the unifying of transportationinterests and the scientific organization of industry will make steady progress, not to defy Sherman acts and judicial mandates, but to obey thosemore fundamental laws and principles that havecome to operate with a momentum now practicallyirresistible.We are certainly then to have this new, closeorganization of industry. We cannot make waterrun up hill, but we can often do something to fixits channels and direct its course, and turn whatmight have been the harmfulness of the flow touseful and fructifying ends. We may be surethen that in our new economic society this question of control will be of vital importance, andthat it will be settled in the light of experienceon the basis of efficiency and of the greatestgood to the greatest number.Three methods of future control are readilyconceivable. One method is that of control byindividuals or by syndicates composed. of comparatively few men whose fortunes may be toldin hundreds or in thousands of millions. Thesecond method is that of the radical enlargementof the functions of the political community, so380 UNIVERSITY RECORDthat the people themselves, organized as the city,the state, the nation, may assume control, oneafter another, of the great common services oisupply, and the great businesses and industries.The third method is that of the gradual distribution of the shares of stock of industrial corporations, among the workers themselves and thepeople at large, until in one service or industryafter another there shall have come into beingsomething like a co-operative system, ^managedon representative principles, analogous in somemeasure to the carrying on of our political institutions.I have the impression that we may see something in this country of all three of these methodsoperating side by side. Doubtless in some largeindustries we shalhfor a good while witness control concentrated in the hands of a few individuals. They will hold this control, however,subject to the inevitable law of diminishing returns on capital and of an ever-improving statusfor the intelligent employe. I may be wrong inmy observations and impressions, but there hasseemed to me to be a marked tendency towardsthe gradual elimination from industrial control ofthe capitalist as such, and the substitution forhim of the skillful administrator. But the administrator, whether of great railway systems, likeM. de Witte, head of the Russian system, or Mr.J. J. Hill, or of a great manufacturing enterprise,like Mr. Schwab, of the steel corporation, is produced in the business itself, and comes to thefront through sheer force of merit and ability.Recognizing this fact, the great capitalists whowish their sons to maintain any actual hold uponthe conduct of business, see the necessity of havingthem taught in a practical way, beginning at thevery bottom of the ladder. The larger the transportation and industrial corporations become, themore they are at the mercy of the public — of thestate, on the one hand, and of their employes onthe other. The influence of the state will be tomake for publicity and for methods that tend tosteadiness, and through taxation as one method and direct or indirect regulation of rates andprices as another method, the community willcheck the accumulation of undue or monopolyprofits. On the other side, the employes willinsist upon gradual amelioration of their ownstatus. Such conditions will of necessity bringefficient men to the front in the organization oflabor, and not less so, certainly in the administration of the business from the standpoint ofcapital.And with improved intelligence on both sidesthere will come better and closer understandings,with the prospect that periodic agreements uponwage scales and conditions affecting labor willcome into common use, and that not only willmutual respect and confidence be greatly enhanced, but the opportunity of the individualworkman to advance through efficiency and topass from the inferior to the superior side of thesituation will be made easier. As making forthose better relations one could hardly praise toohighly a movement born in Chicago, under thelead of the Civic Federation, for bringing capital,labor, and the general public into closer relationsas respects the great industrial movement of theday.In France, where the habit of saving is veryhighly developed, and where capitalistic controlis not quite so highly developed in the hands ofparticular individuals as in England and theUnited States, the tendency is towards the widedistribution of the share capital of railways andof other enterprises among the people who belong to the great working class, particularly to theclass of skilled and intelligent workers. In Germany, on the other hand, the tendency is ratherstrongly in the direction of the increase of thedirect industrial functions of the municipality orthe higher government — the employes of railways, telephones, and the like assuming thestatus of civil servants and public employes likeour letter-carriers.Within the sphere of the municipality itself,this tendency towards increase of function, andUNIVERSITY RECORD 381therefore towards the absorption of an increasingproportion of the community into direct publicservice, is particularly strong in the cities of England and Scotland, in nearly all of which there ison foot at the present time a movement for thedirect ownership and operation of local transitlines. This movement follows upon longer experience in operating gas and electric-lighting, aswell as water supplies ; and upon the experimentof direct employment as opposed to the contractsystem in the making of streets and sewers, andvarious other kinds of public work.I do not know at all what lines of public policyin these matters we shall have preferred to adoptin the course of the average period of active lifeand work of the young men who are present inthis audience today. But of one thing I am entirely certain, and that is that there has neverbeen such a hopeful outlook for the sane andwise dominance of the best average intelligence.I would have a government so efficient, whetherof the city or the state, that it should become amatter of comparative indifference whether thegovernment carried on a service directly for thepeople as a co-operative community, or whetherit secured the interests of the citizens through theproper regulation and control of a private corporation whose shares of stock should themselvesbe widely distributed.In any case we shall need very strong, capablegovernments, because the increasing intelligenceand refinement of the community will demandthat those things now undertaken by the government shall be managed with a far higher degreeof skill and success than heretofore. The preparation for this high average improvement in thetone and quality of government, whether local orgeneral, must simply come about, as one readilysees on reflection, with the improvement in theintelligence and moral sense of our citizenship atlarge — along with the growth of a more acutesense of the practical value of the community'sefforts to the individual citizen. More, rather than less, shall we rely henceforthon the principle of democracy; and more, ratherthan less, shall we be obliged to adopt the policy ofleveling up the many, even if it were only for thebenefit of the few. Henceforth the rich man andthe talented man, quite as much as the poor manand the man of ordinary parts, are to find theirsecurity and their prosperity in a community soordered as to make for the general comfort andthe general welfare.The community as a whole will become therepository of such priceless and varied wealth,the administrator of such vast resources, the provider of so many things desirable and useful —that its services will call for and receive the besttalent ; and no one will be so sufficient unto himself that he can afford to be indifferent to thesuccess of the public administration.It is a very great thing to have attained to somesort of clear conception of the possibilities of theideal city of the future. Already that ideal cityis emerging. Its elements to a large extentalready exist, some in one place, some in another,all of them capable of transplantation and entirelycompatible with one another. Thus the city withan ideal water-supply is not debarred from possessing ideal schools and public libraries. Thecity that has perfectly paved and well-cleanedstreets may have everything else that makes forhealth, attractiveness, safety, and pleasure in thepublic appointments. No private schools canpossibly be as good as the free public schoolsof the United States are destined to become inthe due course of time. No private museums orgalleries of art, no collections of scientific objects,no libraries, no monumental art or architecturecould possibly, in private hands, attain such importance as that which will belong freely to allthe people in common. No private groundscould equal our public parks as they are destinedto develop. No individual could conceivably sosurround himself with safeguards for the healthof himself or his family as the community382 UNIVERSITY RECORDwill supply to him and to its humblest citizenalike.Thus the evolution of the new order of things •is to give us some approximation towards theideal of the modern city with its low death-rate,its admirable facilities for education, recreation,and physical culture ; its improved industrialconditions ; its well-guarded housing arrangements; its clean streets — free from dust andlargely free from noise ; its pure atmosphere —with smoke abolished ; its playgrounds ; its public baths, and its varied opportunities for the useof leisure.While the present tendency in the re-groupingof population, under which the large towns aregrowing, is doubtless to continue for some timeto come, the contrast between city and countrylife will become less marked ; for with the readieraccess of the children of the towns to the out ofdoor and open life of the country, there will alsocome about a great movement for supplying thecountry itself with some of the advantages of thetown through the co-operative agencies to whichI have alluded. The populous community of thefuture, even more than of the past, must standfirmly by the principle of democracy. One ofthe chief objects must be to equalize conditions,to lift men up in the scale of being and to fit theoncoming generation in the best possible way forresponsible citizenship.When one compares the conditions of life inthe great towns as they commonly were twenty-five years ago and as they are at their worsttoday, with those conditions that we now see canbe feasibly supplied to all, we get a new sense ofthe reality of social progress. For it is nowadaysregarded, not as a wild dream, but as a fairlysober and reasonable proposition to demand thatthe poor man may at least live in a model tenement, on an asphalted street, with pure air tobreathe and with pure water to drink ; that hemay be surrounded by marvelous safeguards inthe way of health protection and police and fire protection ; that he may send his children to thevery best of schools ; that in the evening he mayread the best of books from the free publiclibraries, by gas or electric light cheaply furnished •that he may hear the best lectures without price •may attend excellent free concerts, visit beautifulparks, public museums and galleries of art, lookupon noble architecture and monumental statueswith a feeling of pride and a sense of commonpossession ; that he may ride swiftly and luxuriously in public vehicles at small price, and thathe may be. safeguarded against the worst dangersof illness or old age through one form or anotherof benefit funds or social insurance.The community which professes to do all thisfor its members is at once minimizing the disadvantages of the laboring man and lessening thepeculiar advantages of wealth. For the poor man,too, under the eight-hour system, is to have hisleisure, his books, his music, his pictures, hisparks, his opportunities of quick travel, his swimming bath, his gymnasium, his golf course, anda hundred advantages that were wholly out ofreach even of the well-to-do man living in townsforty or fifty years ago.And if it is reasonable to hope for so much forthe intelligent workingman — as the new socialorder develops and the ideals toward which society is working come into fuller realization —surely the man of higher education, more complete training, or more perfect moral, mental, andphysical self-control is also to find things betterrather than worse for himself. Least of all shouldhe fear lest there be somehow a diminished opportunity for him to play some fitting part in theworld's activity, and to reap some fitting reward.The margin of individual risk is destined to diminish. I think it true, also, that the margin ofopportunity for obtaining very exceptional advantage over one's fellows in some particular directions is also to be diminished. But there willbe corresponding increase in the opportunity toearn honorable renown by the full devotion ofUNIVERSITY RECORD 383one's talents to the social good in any chosenfield.If this sounds like unmixed optimism, it doesnot assume for a moment that progress henceforth is to be without struggle and strife, anymore than in the past. Life must always be madeup, for the individual and for the community, ofan almost infinite number of opportunities tochoose between the better and the worse course ;and the process of choice always involves someelement of struggle, with some phases of reactionand disaster.I merely hold that the general trend of progressat the present time lies before us with exceptionalclearness ; that life offers rewards and opportunities as never before by virtue of the new socialand industrial organization ; and that the outlookis bright with hope, through the transformed environment that the community is providing forthe individual, and through the widening field ofopportunity, in consequence, that the individualfinds for activity and service among his fellows.THE PRESIDENT'S FORTY-FIRST QUARTERLYSTATEMENT.THE SPRING CONVOCATION.Members of the University:I desire first of all to express to the orator ofthe day the appreciation of the faculty and studentsand of the friends of the University, for the words ofeloquence and inspiration which he has addessedto us. The message comes from one who knowsyoung men, who is himself a young man. Morethan this, he knows the young man of the Westfor he is himself a young man from the West.His own career is, in my opinion, the best illustration of the outlook for the young man in thenew social and economic order. For his presence and for his words, we present our heartiestthanks. THE ATTENDANCE.The attendance during the Winter Quarter,1902, has been as follows :Men Women TotalThe Graduate Schools:Arts and Literature -Ogden School of Science 117145 12034 237179Totals - -'-..-The Colleges:The Senior Colleges -' The Junior Colleges -University College 262166293105 154168358377 416334651482Totals Unclassified Students -The Divinity School:The Graduate DivinityThe Unclassified Divinity -Dano-Norwegian TheologicalSeminary -' - - - -Swedish Theological Seminary - 56494107162636 9033356 1467429107222636Totals - -The Medical School:The School of Education : 1852533 6689 19125992Grand Totals -Deducting repetitions .- 1361 1493 28542572597The attendance during former Winter Quartershas been as follows :<g. Men Women TotalWinter Quarter 1893 509 I48 6571894 -1 - 584 362 946< 1895 -' - 689 340 IO291896 - 711 392 1103< 1897 - 686 390 10761 1898 - 700 469 II691899 - 811 751 1562" 1900 902 758 1660" " 1901 949 944 1893These figures show a gain of 23.5 per cent,over the attendance for the Winter Quarter of109.1.384 UNIVERSITY RECORDREGISTRATION AND INSTRUCTION.PHILOSOPHICAL-SOCIOLOGICAL GROUP. REQUIRED GROUP.Instructors Courses RegistrationsIA. PhilosophyIB. EducationII. Political EconomyIII. Political ScienceIV. History -V. ArchaeologyVI. Sociology and Anthropology 53io38i6 86ii514i15 17242l78913§312205Totals - 36 6o IO83LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE GROUP.Ancient Languages:X. Sanskrit ... -XI. Greek -XII. Latin '- 349 5817 1996280Totals - - - - 16 3'0 395Modern Languages :XIII. Romance -XIV. Germanic -XV. English - 6713 121627 246283636Totals -Totals for Languages 2642 5585 1 1651560PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES.Physical:XVII. MathematicsXVIII. Astronomy and AstrophysicsXIX. Physics -XX. Chemistry.XXI. Geology - - 95655 1779169 29130112240152Totals - 30 58 825Biological:XXII. Zoology -XXIII. Anatomy -XXIV. PhysiologyXXV. NeurologyXXVII. Botany -XXVIII. Pathology and Bacteriology 546154 847484 10524121911196182Totals -Totals for Sciences - 2555 3593 9541779 • Instructors Courses RegistrationsXXXI. Public SpeakingXXXII. Physical Cult, and Athletics 35 119 242329Totals - 8 20 571THE DIVINITY GROUP.XLI. Old Testament Literatureand Interpretation -XLII. New Testament Literatureand Interpretation -XLIV. Systematic TheologyXLV. Church HistoryXL VI. Homiletics 42131 84253 * 7588268325Totals - 11 22 297THE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION.I. Education - 1 2 58II. Natural Science - 1 1 9III. Home Economics - 1 3 30IV. Mathematics 1 2 44VI. History - 1 2 64VII. Speech and Reading 1 2 53VIII. Art 2 2 47X. Manual Training - 2 1 26XL Physical Training - 1 1 60XII. Music ------ 1 1 19Totals - 12 17 410UNIVERSITY COLLEGE.I A. Philosophy 3 6 S6IB. Education 2 3 42II. Political Economy 2 2 26IV. History - 5 6 100XI. Greek - 1 3 6XII. Latin - 3 6 57XIII. Romance - 5 4 44XIV. Germanic - 2 4 43XV. English - - - 4 7 163XVII. Mathematics - 1 2 20XIX., Physics 1 3XX. Chemistry - 1 9XXI. Geology - 1 11XXII. Zoology - 1 4XXVII. Botany - 1 3XXXI. Public Speaking 3 3 29Library Science 1 4 58Totals - - - *- 37 55 674Grand Totals ------ 777* 352 6374* Deducting twenty-four repetitions under " Instructors."UNIVERSITY RECORD 385INSTRUCTORS ON LEAVE OF ABSENCE.The following instructors have been on leaveof absence during the Winter Quarter :Professors: Ernest D. Burton, Shailer Mathews,R. G. Moulton, Paul Shorey, George S. Good-speed, Frank Frost Abbott, Robert F. Harper,Samuel Wesley Stratton, Franklin Johnson, andGeorge B. Foster.Associate Professors : O. J. Thatcher and C. F.Castle.Assistant Professors: George H. Mead, G. C.Howland, Robert Morss Lovett, William VaughnMoody.Instructors : A. W. Moore and J. C. Hessler.Associate : Susan Ballou.THE DECENNIAL PUBLICATIONS.The Senate of the University, through a specialcommittee of officers, has undertaken to celebratethe work of investigation and research which hasbeen accomplished in these ten years by a seriesof publications containing contributions representing the various departments of the University.The series will include ten volumes, of whichVolume I will contain the report of the President and other administrative officers ; VolumeII, the list of scientific and learned publicationsof members of the faculty during the ten years ;Volume III, Part i, the contributions from thedepartments of Systematic Theology, ChurchHistory, and Practical Theology; Part 2, contri-tributions from the departments of Philosophyand Education ; Volume IV, contributions fromthe departments of Political Economy, PoliticalScience, History, and Sociology; Volume V, contributions from the departments of Semitic Languages and Literatures, Biblical and PatristricGreek, ^and Comparative Religion; Volume VI,contributions from the departments of the GreekLanguage and Literature, the Latin Languageand Literature, Sanskrit and Indo-European Comparative Philology, and Classical Archaeology;Volume VII, the contributions from the departments of Romance Languages and Literatures,Germanic Languages and Literatures, English, and Literature (in English); Volume VIII, contributions from the departments of Mathematics,and Astronomy and Astrophysics; Volume IX,contributions from the departments of Physics,Chemistry, and Geology; Volume X, contributions from the departments of Zoology, Anatomy,Physiology, Neurology, Botany, Pathology andBacteriology.The Editorial Committee appointed by theSenate to issue these volumes is as follows :Editor — Mr. Edward Capps.Associate editors — Mr. Starr W. Cutting andMr. Rollin D. Salisbury.Assistant editors— Mr. James RtAngell, Mr. A.C. Miller, Mr. Shailer Mathews, Mr. Carl D.Buck, Mr. Frederic I. Carpenter, Mr. OskarBolza Mr. Julius Stieglitz, and Mr. Jacques Loeb.The University is to be congratulated upon thesuccess of the work already accomplished by thiscommittee. The volumes, when published, willrepresent and celebrate that kind of work whichalone marks the University, as distinguished fromthe college ; that kind of work in which, untilmore recent times, the universities of foreignlands have excelled those of our own country;that kind of work most greatly needed to placeAmerican higher education in a proper positionbefore the world.It is thought that the friends of the Universitywill be deeply interested in this particular effort,and that one result of the publication of theDecennial volumes will be a larger sympathy withthe work of research and investigation on thepart of those who may be able to make provisionfor the prosecution of such work.FRANCIS W. PARKER.Two weeks ago the University lost one of itshighest officers. Colonel Francis W. Parker hadbeen associated with the University for only ashort time ; but, directly and indirectly, throughall the years of its history^ the University hadenjoyed, with others, the results of his work.Educators on every side join in ascribing to him386 UNIVERSITY RECORDa high place among his colleagues. Those whohave been most closely associated with him realizenow, more keenly than ever, that his loss is irre- .parable. Combined with large sympathy, he possessed a force and vigor which, to be sure, sometimes excited opposition, but which enabled him 'to exert an influence far and wide in behalf ofmodern educational ideas. Eminent men main-*tained that to him, more than to any other manin the educational field, the country is indebtedfor the uplifting of the public school system.There was something tragic in the fact that hemust die before being able to enjoy the realization of the plans on which he had labored soassiduously these last three years. On the soilturned by him last June, for the erection of thenew buildings of the School of Education, therewill be erected a collection of buildings in which,though he may not give instruction, the greatwork which he has founded will be carried on.DR. CHRISTIAN FENGER.The University has occasion also 'to mourn theloss of another leader taken from the faculty ofRush Medical College. Dr. Christian Fenger,professor of surgery, has been recognized as oneof the foremost men in medical science, not onlyin the West and Northwest, but throughout thecountry. He may be said to have gone directlyfrom the clinic to his death bed. Called awaythus suddenly, with the possibility before him ofstill greater service to humanity, the friends oflearning have surely great occasion to mourn hisdeath.In this way we have lost two great leaders ;both of them physicians, one of the body, theother of the mind ; both of them men whosehearts were in touch with the needs of a suffering humanity; both of them at an age when theymight well have begun to enjoy the satisfaction ofhaving accomplished a great life's work. In accordance with our custom, let us rise and standin memory of these men whose best life has beengiven to the cause of education in Chicago and the West; and from whose careers young men ofevery profession and calling may learn true andimportant lessons.UNIVERSITY PREACHERS.During the present quarter the members of theUniversity in attendance upon the assemblies andreligious services of the University have enjoyedthe presence of the Rev. Henry M. Sanders, theRev. Francis G. Peabody, the Rev. Philip S.Moxom, and the Rev. W. H. P. Faunce. It isunnecessary for me to express the feeling ofgratitude which exists for the valuable services ofthese eminent preachers. As an institution, andas individuals, we have been greatly benefited.The religious life at the University is by no meanswhat it ought to be ; nor is it what it well mightbe. Among the nearly three thousand souls whichhave a part in the University life there are asmany different beliefs, as many different kinds offaith, as may be found in a great city. To bringall these together, to find a common basis onwhich all may rest, to provide that which will helpand strengthen men and women of such varioustastes and tendencies, is something perhaps impossible to hope for. But, with the strong, andtactful, and inspiring messages which have beengiven to us these last months, with the higher andclearer definitions of truth outlined before us,with the broader and deeper conception of ourrelations to each other and to the world at large,there will come in time a certain community ofinterest unrestricted by any formulation of creed,unhampered by any method of worship. Thatwhich is ideal and spiritual will occupy a higherand larger share of the feeling of the Universitycommunity.PROMOTIONS.It is understood that from time to time theUniversity, in appreciation of the work of its officers, makes promotion from the lower to higherrank, with corresponding increase in salary. Itis customary at the Spring convocation to makeannouncement of such promotions. I wish toUNIVERSITY RECORD 387take this opportunity to explain briefly, to thepublic as well as to the members of the University, the basis on which promotions are made.Promotion is in general an expression of appreciation of progress made, or of benefit conferred, or of value estimated. The work ofyounger instructors is observed with great interest by their colleagues, and, in order to encourage them to stronger effort, or as a reward ofeffort already put forth, promotion is recommended. This same work is observed also fromthe point of view of education in general, andfrom that of the University's best interests ; andwhen work has been done, the result of which isreal benefit to the cause of education or to thework of the University in particular, it is desirableto recognize this by promotion. The work ofofficers is studied as carefully as is possible, witha view to its actual value. This estimate is madefrom different points of view. It is always moreor less difficult to* reach the truth. Unquestionably many mistakes are made ; but an honesteffort is made to place a just estimate of valueupon the work of every man.The work of an officer may be one of threekinds. Under ordinary circumstances, all officersare expected to give instruction. In the case ofsome it is understood that, aside from the workof instruction, their time is given largely toresearch and investigation. Others are selectedto assist in administering the affairs of the University. It is a mistake to maintain that any oneof these three kinds of work is higher or lowerthan any other. All three are absolutely essential. If the University is to have students, theymust be instructed. On the other hand, theproper atmosphere for instruction cannot bemaintained without the cultivation of the spirit ofresearch and investigation. An institution inwhich the spirit of research has no place may noteven be justly called an institution of higherlearning; much less, a university. In mostinstances the work of instruction is a sourceof real help to the investigator. In every case the spirit of the investigator is necessarily a partof the proper spirit of teaching. But the affairsof the University cannot be carried on withoutadministrative effort in connection with thecourses of instruction, in connection with theprofessors themselves, in connection with themore material side of university life — buildingsand grounds and equipment, accounts, investments and expenditures. There comes to be alarge amount of work in administration, and bythe success of this administrative work the educational results are largely determined. Theresults secured by the expenditure of a certainamount of money, or by the appointment of acertain number of instructors, will vary according to the skill and efficiency of the administration. In the strictly business portion of theadministration it is proper to appoint men whoseexperience has been that of business men exclusively; but in the educational administration it isnecessary that the work shall be in the hands ofthose who are at the same time officers of instruction and investigators. No man whose work hasbeen in the technical lines of education, whatevermay be the department, can maintain his self-respect among his colleagues if he does not continue to do, at least in some line, work of thesame kind as that which his colleagues are doing.Here attention may be called to the reactionwhich is taking place in the case of those who arefilling the highest administrative positions in ourvarious institutions, the president's chair. For atime it was taken for granted that such menwould give up all teaching. It is now more generally felt that the man who is to serve as president dares not give up all teaching if he woulddo his full duty and maintain his proper placeamong his fellows.It is understood, therefore, that progress made,or benefit conferred, or efficiency estimated,whether in the line of research, or of teaching, orof administration, is the basis for promotion ; inno one of these more than in any other ; in noone less than in any other.388 UNIVERSITY RECORDThere are, however, many difficulties encountered in applying these general principles. Aman who, judged by any of these tests, ought tobe promoted, may fail, and in many cases doesfail, to secure his promotion ; this is sometimesbecause there are already so many officers ofhigher rank in the same department that thenumber cannot be increased with justice to otherdepartments or to the University at large; or inother instances because, at the very time when hedeserves and expects promotion, the funds of theUniversity will not permit it ; or because in spiteof progress and efficiency indicated, he has someweakness which is plainly disclosed to his colleagues, and which, if not corrected, will go farto prevent his successful work in the future ; orbecause he has committed some act of indiscretion, perhaps slight, yet sufficient to make thosewho are about him distrust his judgment; or because, in spite of something strong which he hasaccomplished, there is a greater or lesser uncertainty about his ultimate success in academicwork. These, and perhaps other circumstancesthat might be cited, will explain why, in this orthat case where promotion seems at the time tobe clearly deserved, it is not given. It must beborne in mind, however, that after the organization of the University has once been definitelyeffected, younger men may go forward only asrapidly as vacancies occur in the ranks above.Promotion, when it takes place, is, therefore,based on something actually done ; somethingdefinite, something strong. But it is manifest toall that there are many cases in which, for ®thereasons given above, and especially for the secondreason (lack of funds) the University may notmake deserved promotion.In March, 1901, Mr. James Weber Linn waspromoted from an Assistantship to an Associate-ship in English. The appropriate announcementof the promotion was inadvertently omitted. 'The following promotions have been voted bythe Board of Trustees since the last convocation :Mr. A. W. Leonard, from an Assistantship to an Associ-ateship in the Academy at Morgan Park. Mr. H. D. Abells, from an Associateship to an Instructor-ship in the Academy at Morgan Park.Mr. William B. Wherry, from an Assistantship to an As-"sociateship in Bacteriology.Mr. D. D. Lewis, from an Assistantship to an Associate-ship in Anatomy.Mr. D. G. Revell, from an Assistantship to an Associate-ship in Anatomy.Mr. William Gorsuch, from an Assistantship to an Associateship in Public Speaking.Mr. Robert W. Bruere, from an Assistantship to an Associateship in English.Mr. Walter Wallace Atwood, from an Assistantship to anAssociateship in Geology.Mr. J. J. Meyer, from an Assistantship to an Associateshipin Sanskrit and Indo-European Comparative Philology.Miss Lisi Cipriani, from an Assistantship to an Associate-ship in Romance Languages.Mr. J. M. P. Smith, from an Assistantship to an Associateship in Semitic Languages and Literatures.Mr. H. C. Cowles, from an Associateship to an Instruc-torship in Botany.Mr. Henry Gale, from an Associateship to an Instructor-ship in Physics.Mr. Edgar J. Goodspeed, from an* Associateship to anInstructorship in Biblical and Patristic Greek.^ Mr. P. S. Allen, from an Associateship to an Instructor-ship in Germanic Languages.Mr. L. W. Jones, from an Associateship to an Instructor-ship in Chemistry.Mr. Walter A. Payne, from an Instructorship to the rankof an Assistant Professor.Mr. R. A. Millikan, from an Instructorship to an Assistant Professorship in Physics.Mr. C. R. Mann, from an Instructorship to an AssistantProfessorship in Physics.Mr. Henry R. Hatfield, from an Instructorship to anAssistant Professorship in Political Economy.Mr. A. C. Eycleshymer, from an Instructorship to anAssistant Professorship in Anatomy.Mr. William Muss-Arnolt, from an Instructorship to anAssistant Professorship in Biblical Philology.Mr. F. I. Carpenter, from an Instructorship to an Assistant Professorship in English.Mr. F. M. Blanchard, from an Instructorship to an Assistant Professorship in Public Speaking.Mr. P. O. Kern, from an Instructorship to an AssistantProfessorship in Germanic Philology.Mr. G. J. Laing, from an Instructorship to an AssistantProfessorship in Latin.Mr. A. W. Moore, from an Instructorship to an AssistantProfessorship in Philosophy.UNIVERSITY RECORD 389Mr. Julius Stieglitz, from an Assistant Professorship toan Associate Professorship in Chemistry.Mr. T. A. Jenkins, from an Assistant Professorship to anAssociate Professorship in Romance Languages and Literatures.Mr. George H. Mead, from an Assistant Professorship toan Associate Professorship in Philosophy.Mr. F. R. Lillie, from an Assistant Professorship to anAssociate Professorship in Embryology.Mr. William B. Owen, from an Assistant Professorship toan Associate Professorship in Greek.Mr. Charles Zueblin, from an Associate Professorship toa Professorship in Sociology.The following new appointments have beenmade:Mr. Henry P. Chandler, to the Headship of Snell Hall.Miss Viola Deratt, to a teachership in the School of Education.Mr. Bertram G. Nelson, to an Assistantship in PublicSpeaking.Miss S. P. Breckenridge, to a Docentship in PoliticalScience.Mr. H. T. Ricketts, to an Associateship in Pathology.Associate Professor F. R. LilJie, to the Assistant Curator-ship of the Zoological Museum.Associate Professor C. B. Davenport, to the AssistantCuratorship of the Zoological Museum.Professor C. O. Whitman, to the Curatorship of theZoological Museum.Dr. George E. Shambaugh, to an Instructorship inAnatomy.Assistant Professor Henry Rand Hatfield, to the Dean-ship of the College of Commerce and Administration.Dr. T. G. Masaryk, Professor in the (Bohemian) University of Prague, Bohemia, to the Crane Lectureship onRussian Institutions for 1902.THE COLLEGE OF COMMERCE AND ADMINISTRATION.By the action of the Senate of the University,approved by the Trustees, a separate faculty hasbeen established for the conduct of the College ofCommerce and Administration. This faculty consists of those instructors from various departmentsselected to give instruction in accordance with thecurriculum of the College, and of five members ofthe University at large, appointed by the Trustees.Mr. Henry Rand Hatfield has been appointedDean of this College. It is expected that thework of this division will assume a more definiteform and take on a more technical character. A strong impression has been made at the University by the lectures given from time to time byrepresentatives of great business institutions, whohave been kind enough to visit us. During thepresent quarter these lectures have been given asfollows :January 9. — Mr. Franklin H. Head, "The Steel Industry."January 14. — Mr. A. C. Bartlett, "At Wholesale."January 16. — Mr. H. F. J. Porter, "The Development ofthe Forging Industry" (illustrated).January 23. — Mr. H. F. J. Porter, "Modern Methods ofMaking Steel Forgings " (illustrated).January 30. — Mr. E. D. Kenna, "Railway Consolidation."February 6. — Mr. D. A. Kimball, " The Credit Department of Modern Business."February 13. — Mr. John Lee Mahin, "The CommercialValue of Advertising."February 20. — -Mr. Edwin H. Abbott, "Railway Finance.'February 25. — Same.February 27. — Same.March 6. — Mr. George G. Tunell, "The Railway MailService."THE SCHOOL OF LA W.As has already been announced, the law schoolof the University will begin its work next October.In the organization of this school emphasis willbe placed upon three or four special points. Itis, first of all, desired by the Trustees that thefaculty of the school shall consist for the mostpart of men whose whole time shall be given tothe work of teaching. In other words, it isbelieved that the larger part of the work of instruction should be given by those who make a profession of teaching law, rather than by those whomake a profession of practicing law. Inasmuchas this policy has not been in vogue to any greatextent in the past, the number of persons whohave prepared themselves for this kind of work isnot large. This renders the task of organizinga faculty all the more difficult ; but it is the conviction of the Trustees that this policy is the correct one and that it should be adopted to thelargest possible extent.390 UNIVERSITY RECORD. In the second place, it is proposed that thestudents in the school shall give themselves tostudy rather than to office practice. Not onlywill students not be encouraged to enter lawoffices during their course of study, but they willbe directly discouraged from so doing. It iscertain that the proper amount of work in theschool cannot be accomplished if a large proportion of the student's time is spent in the routineof office work. Furthermore, it is equally certainthat while a student will easily be able to learnthe routine of the office after finishing his studies,he will not find time or opportunity in the officefor doing that particular work which it is hopedthat he will accomplish during the period of histechnical education.Still further: emphasis will be placed upon thestudy of law in its larger historical relations.A University School of Law is far more thana training institute for admission to the bar. Itimplies a scientific knowlege of law and of legaland juristic methods. But these are the crystallization of ages of human progress. They cannotbe understood in their entirety without a clearcomprehension • of the historic forces of whichthey are the product, and of the social environmentwith which they are in living contact. A scientific study of law involves, the related sciences ofhistory, economics, philosophy — the whole fieldof man as a social being.Steps have already been taken towards the organization of a faculty, and it is hoped that withina few weeks the full membership may be announced. Meanwhile the friends of the University may feel assured that the highest ideals ofscholarship and technical work are controllingthe various steps of organization.THE MARSHALS.To the retiring Head Marshal, Mr. Walter Hudson, I take pleasure in acknowledging the obligation of the University for the skill and courtesywith which he has performed his duties during histerm. As a token of his office and a sign of the esteem in which he is held, I desire, on behalf ofthe University, to present him with this baton.The office of Marshal is regarded by the University as the highest appointive honor in the student body. Its function is an important one,including as it does not only the active management of various public exercises of an officialcharacter, but also the organization and leadership of general student gatherings and massmeetings for special purposes.In appointing Mr. James Sheldon as the newHead Marshal, the University looks to him forthe same interest and efficiency that has characterized previous marshals, and, in token of hisresponsibility and authority, presents him withthis baton.UNIVERSITY COLLEGE.University College closes at this time its fourthyear. The number of students during its thirdyear was 475. This has increased during thepresent year to 515. Four of those who taketheir bachelors' degree today, and six who receivetheir associate titles, have been enabled to do sothrough the work of University College. Amuch larger number will receive degrees andtitles at the June Convocation.No part of the work of the University has beenconducted with greater satisfaction, or withbetter results than that of University College.It will be remembered that this work has beenmade possible by the generous contributions ofMrs. Emmons Blaine.PRESIDENT JAMES.It is with great regret that the University ofChicago parts with the services of Professor Edmund J. James, Director of the University Extension Division, and professor in the Departmentof Political Science. But, inasmuch as our nearestneighbor, the Northwestern University, has seenfit to honor him with the highest position in itsfaculty, we congratulate him upon the honor thusconferred, and wish him great and true success inthe important work which he has undertaken.UNIVERSITY RECORD 391During the years of his residence at the University Mr. James has entered heartily into thework of its administration as well as the duties ofhis professorship, and has rendered strong service in the up-building of one of the mostimportant divisions of the University's work. Wecan only hope that in his new field there will begiven to him large opportunities for doing thatwhich he has shown himself able to do. Hewill enter this new field with the heartiest goodwishes of all his colleagues. The strengtheningof Northwestern University means the strengthening of the University of Chicago, and indeed, thestrengthening of every educational institution inthe West. The rivalry which once e«xisted betweeninstitutions of learning has entirely disappeared ;the spirit of co-operation has taken its place.The higher spiritual forces of every kind shouldand must join themselves together if the lowerand evil forces, which abound on every side, are^to be withstood.THE CRANE LECTURER FOR 1902.Professor Thomas Garrigue Masaryk was calledto Prague as professor of philosophy in the new Bohemian University in 1882. He was a memberof the Bohemian Parliament in 1901 and 1902.His literary works in Bohemian are : On Hypnotism, 1880; Blaise Pascal, 1883; The Theory ofHistory of Th. Buckle, 1884; How to Study theWorks of Poetry, 1884; Slavic Studies : The Slavophilism of Kirieievsky, 1889; The BohemianQuestion, 1895 ; The Crisis of Our Political Life,1895; Charles Havlitchek, 1896; John Huss,1899.Works published also in the German language:Der Selbstmord als soziale Massenerscheinung dermodernen Civilisation, 1881; D. Hume's Skepsisund die Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung, 1884; Ver-such einer concreten Logik; Classification und Organisation der Wis sense haft en, 1886; Die philoso-phischen und soziologischen Grundlagen des Marx-ismus, 1899. The latter work and some othersare translated into Russian and other Slavic languages.GIFTS.The gifts which the University has receivedsince the first of January will be reported at theclose of the fiscal year in June.392 UNIVERSITY RECORDTHE AWARD OF FELLOWSHIPS, 1902-1903.FRANKLIN PIERCE RAMSAY, Semitic,JOHN T. MCMANIS, Education,KELLEY REES, Greek,HARVEY CARR, Education,THEODORE WOODS NOON, Church History,WALTER FAIRLEIGH DODD, Political Science,PAUL GUSTAV ADOLF BUSSE, Germanic,BURTON LEE FRENCH, Political Science,WILLIAM HENRY BUSSEY, Mathematics,CHARLES CHRISTOPHER ADAMS, Zoology,ELIOT BLACKWELDER, Geology,ALLEN TIBBALS BURNS, Biblical Theology,MAYO FESLER, History,MARJORIE LOUISE FITCH, Germanic,FANNIE CORNELIA FRISBIE, Physics,ELMER CUMMINGS GRIFFITH, History,WILLIAM CYRUS GUNNERSON, Sanskrit,WALTER WILSON HART, Mathematics,MARION ELIZABETH HUBBARD, Zoology,JAMES FLEMING HOSIC, English,ROBERT FRANKLIN HOXIE, Political Economy,HOWARD PENDLETON KIRTLEY, Physiology,MOSES MILTON PORTIS, Pathology,ALBERT OGLE SHAKLEE, Chemistry,LOUIS NEILL TATE, Anatomy,FRANK HOWARD WESTCOTT, Physics,BENNETT MILLS ALLEN, Zoology,RAYMOND FOSS BACON, Chemistry,JOHN WILLIAM BAILEY, New Testament,CHARLES HENRY BEESON, Latin,AUGUSTUS RAYMOND HATTON, Political Science,IRVING KING, Philosophy,ELBERT RUSSELL, New Testament,MURRAY SHIPLEY WILDMAN, - Political Economy,WILBERT LESTER CARR, Latin,CHARLES GOETTSCH, Germanic,JAMES BRYAN HOPKINS, Romance,JOHN LITTLEFIELD TILTON, Geology,OSWALD VEBLEN, Mathematics,ROBERT BRADFORD WYLIE, Botany,WILLIAM JACOB BAUMGARTNER, Zoology,THOMAS JAMES RILEY, Sociology,ORVILLE HARRY BROWN, Physiology,SAMUEL CHARLES EMLEY, Bacteriology,WILLIAM RAY MANNING, History, Davidson College, Alabama.Leland Stanford University, California.Leland Stanford University, California.University of Colorado, Colorado.Yale University, Connecticut.Stetson University, Florida.Northwestern University, Germany.University of Idaho, Idaho.Northwestern University, Illinois.Illinois Wesleyan University, Illinois.The University of Chicago, Illinois.The University of Chicago, Illinois.The University of Chicago, Illinois.Northwestern University, Illinois.Rockford College, Illinois.Beloit College, Illinois.University of Indiana, Illinois.The University of Chicago, Illinois.The University of Chicago, Illinois.The University of Chicago, Illinois.The University of Chicago, Illinois.The University of Chicago, Illinois.The University of Chicago, Illinois.The University of Chicago, Illinois.Knox College, Illinois.The University of Chicago, Illinois.Depauw University, Indiana.Depauw University, Indiana.Franklin College, Indiana.University of Indiana, Indiana,Franklin College, Indiana.Earlham College, Indiana.Earlham College, Indiana.Earlham College, Indiana.Drake University, Iowa.The University of Chicago, Iowa.Hamilton College, Iowa.Wesleyan University, Iowa.University of Iowa, Iowa.Upper Iowa University, Iowa.University of Kansas, Kansas.Baker University, Kansas.University of Kansas, Kansas.University of Kansas, Kansas:Baker University, Kansas.UNIVERSITY RECORD 393WALLACE APPLETON BEATTY,JOHN ROBERTSON MacARTHUR,WILLIAM HENRY ALLISON,LUTIE REBECCA CORWIN,MARCUS WILSON JERNEGAN,ROY YALDING FERNER,FRED ALLISON HOWE,CHARLES SHERMAN JACOBS,WILLIAM MacAFEE BRUCE,WILLIAM HARVEY EMMONS,ELLEN BESSIE ATWATER,RALEIGH WALTER HARBOR,WILFRED CURRIER KIERSTEAD,CHARLES ALBERT PROCTOR,ARCHIBALD HENDERSON,CHARLES INGBERT,FRED LEROY HUTSON,MARY JACKSON KENNEDY,EBEN MUMFORD,KARL DALE SWARTZEL,GEORGE HARRISON SHULL,NORMAN WENTWORTH DEWITT,JAMES ALLISTER DONNELL,FRANCIS LEVI FAREWELL,WILLIAM DUNCAN FERGUSON,ROBERT SMITH JENKINS,HERBERT EDWIN JORDAN,GENEVA MISENER,ROBERT KEABLE ROW,ALBERT SHERWOOD WILSON, 'CHARLES CRISWELL ARBUTHNOT,FRED HOWARD MOFFITT,PAUL EMIL WEITHAASE,J. G. WILSON,JOHN BROADUS WATSON,CHARLES READ BASKERVILLE,WICKLIFFE ROSE,AXEL LEONARD MELANDER,ISAAC JOSLIN COX,CLIFTON DURANT HOWE,ROBERT MORRIS,KATE GORDON,ROY BATCHELDER NELSON,GEORGE TYLER NORTHRUP,GEORGE FULLMER REYNOLDS,GEORGE SENN, Chemistry,English,Church History,Semitic,History,Astronomy,English,Greek,Chemistry,Geology,History,Political Economy,Systematic Theology ,Physics,Mathematics,Neurology,Greek,Latin,Sociology,Mathematics,Botany,Latin,Political Economy,Political Economy,New Testament,Romance,Mathematics,Greek,Education,Systematic Theology,Political Economy,Geology,German,Anatomy,Philosophy,English,Philosophy,Zoology,History,Botany,Sociology,Philosophy,Sanskrit,Romance,English,Physiology, Kentucky University,University of Manitoba,Harvard University,The University of Chicago,Brown University,University of, Minnesota,University of Michigan,Albion College,Central College,Central College,Cotner University,University of Nebraska,University of New Brunswick,Dartmouth College,University of North Carolina,University of North Dakota,Denison University,Belmont College,Buchtel College,Ohio State University,Antioch College,Victoria College,Queens University,University of Toronto,Oberlin College,University of Toronto,McM aster University,Queens University,Queens University,University of Toronto,Geneva College,Williams College,Bucknell University,University of Edinburgh,Furman College,Vanderbilt University,Nashville University,University of Texas,Dartmouth College,University of Vermont,Howard University,The University of Chicago,The University of Chicago,Williams College,Lawrence University,University of Wisconsin, Kentucky.Manitoba.Massachusetts.Massachusetts.Massachusetts,Minnesota.Michigan.Michigan.Missouri.Missouri.Nebraska.Nebraska.New Brunswick.New Hampshire.North Carolina.North Dakota.Ohio.Ohio.Ohio.Ohio.Ohio.Ontario.Ontario.Ontario.Ontario.Ontario .Ontario.Ontario.Ontario.Ontario.Pennsylvania.Pennsylvania.Pennsylvania.Scotland.South Carolina.Tennessee.Tennessee.Texas.Texas.Vermont.West Virginia.Wisconsin.Wisconsin.Wisconsin.Wisconsin.Wisconsin.394 UNIVERSITY RECORDLIBRARY REPORT.During the Winter Quarter, January-March,1902 there has been added to the library of theUniversity a total number of 3,295 volumes, fromthe following sources :Books added by purchase, 2,191 volumes, distributed as follows :General Library, 290 vols.; Philosophy, 62 vols.;Pedagogy, 31 vols.; Political Economy, 98 vols.;Political Science, 32 vols.; History, 937 vols.;Classical Archaeology, 9 vols.; Sociology, 16 vols.;Sociology (Divinity), 2 vols.; Anthropology, 31vols.; Comparative Religion, 6 vols.; Semitic, 17vols.; New Testament, 8 vols.; Sanskrit andComparative Philology, 20 vols.; Greek, 14 vols.;Latin, 58 vols.; Latin and Greek, 24 vols.; Romance, 30 vols.; German, 36 vols.; English, 31vols.; Mathematics, 21 vols.; Astronomy (Ryer-son), 2 vols.; Chemistry, 8 vols.; Physics, 37vols.; Geology, 9 vols.; Zoology, 9 vols.; Anatomy, 3 vols.; Anatomy (Medicine), 40 vols.;Neurology, 5 vols.; Neurology (Medicine), 1 vol.;Physiology, 6 vols.; Physiological Chemistry, 6vols.; Botany, 3 vols.; Public Speaking, 17 vols.;Church History, 22 vols.; Systematic Theology,7 vols.; Homiletics, 10 vols.; Morgan Park Academy, 47 vols.; Commerce and Administration,134 vols.; Bacteriology, 6 vols.: Pathology, 6vols., Embryology, 3 vols.; Dano-Norwegian andSwedish Theological Seminary, 25 vols.; ChurchHistory, Homiletics, New Testament, Semitic andSystematic Theology, 3 vols.; Latin, ComparativePhilology and Classical Archaeology, 9 vols.Books added by gift, 667 volumes, distributedas follows :General Library, 426 vols.; Pedagogy, 25 vols.;Political Economy, 38 vols.; Political Science, 2vols.; History, 42 vols.; Sociology, 2 vols.;Sociology (Divinity), 5 vols.; Anthropology, 4vols.; Semitic, 3 vols., Greek, 10 vols.; Latin 5vols.; German, 5 vols.; English, 45 vols.; Mathematics, 2 vols.; Astronomy (Ryerson), 5 vols.;Geology, 9 vols.; Zoology, 1 vol.; Palaeontology,1 vol.; Biology, 12 vols.; Homiletics, 1 vol.; Commerce and Administration, 8 vols.; Pathology, 12 vols.; Divinity, 1 vol.; School of Education, 1 vol.; Music, 2 vols.Books added by exchange for University publications, 437 volumes, distributed as follows:General Library, 158 vols.; Pedagogy, 105vols.; Political Economy, 21 vols.; Political Science, 3 vols.; History, 2 vols.; Sociology, 20 vols.;Anthropology, 13 vols.; Comparative Religion,3 vols.; Semitic, 9 vols.; New Testament, 37 vols.;Latin, 1 vol.; Romance, 1 vol.; Astronomy (Ryerson), 1 vol.; Physics, 4 vols.; Geology, 16 vols.;Botany, 4 vols.; Church History, 19 vols.; Systematic Theology, 9 vols.; Homiletics, 11 vols.SPECIAL GIFTS.Mr. S. A. Green, 9 vols., and 24 pamphlets, historical and miscellaneous ; Kansas State Agricultural Society, 8 vols., reports ; Dr. F. I. Carpenter,95 vols., miscellaneous ; City of Belgium, 16 vols.,reports on statistics of labor ; Thompson-YatesLaboratories, 5 vols., reports ; Nova Scotia — Department of Public Instruction, 24 vols., reports ;Due de Loubat 1 vol., Codex Fejervary-Mayer ;Chicago Pathological Society, 3 vols., transactions;Republic of Mexico, 6 vols., documents ; GreatBritain — Indian Plague Commission, 5 vols., reports; Professor C. R. Henderson, 17 vols., miscellaneous; President W. R. Harper, 10 vols.,miscellaneous ; Russian Empire — Minister ofFinance, 9 vols., documents; British Columbia —Department of Education, 5 vols., reports : Hon.James R. Mann, 9 vols., Reports of the IndustrialCommission ; Louisiana — Public Instruction, 4vols., reports ; U. S. Government, 103 vols., reports;New York State Library, 8^ vols., educationalreports ; Associate Professor E. O. Jordan, 4 vols.,miscellaneous ; Princeton University, 8 vols.,bulletins ; City of Birmingham, England, 8 vols.,documents ; City of Glasgow, Scotland, 1 1 vols.,documents; University of Buenos Ayres, 14 vols.,anales ; County Borough of Blackburn, England,4 vols., documents ; University of Geneva, Switzerland, 1 vol., Histoire de PUniversite de Geneve,UNIVERSITY RECORD 395PAcademie de Calvin, 1 559-1 798, par CharlesBorgeaud; Royal Society of London, Proceedingsand Catalogue, 3 vols.; City of Liverpool, Eng.,5 vols., documents ; American Southdown Breeders' Association, 8 vols., record ; Miss Cora L.Scofield, 4 vols., History of the Life of HenryII.; American Historical Association, 4 vols.,reports ; National Association of Manufacturers,4 vols., reports ; Paris — Prefecture de la Seine, 16vols., History of Paris; Michigan Geological Survey, 4 vols., reports ; British Museum, 3 vols.,Hand- list of Birds.RELIGIOUS WORK AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO.By PROFESSOR 0. R. BARNES,PRESIDENT OF THE CHRISTIAN UNION OF THE UNIVERSITY.The statement of the general work made in19001 still presents the essential facts of the situation.It is impossible to delineate the religious status amongany group of people, but only an attempt to do so can giveone a proper conception of the inadequacy of the attempt.Yet at the request of the Recorder I have undertaken togather an account of those religious opportunities and activities in the University which can be put into words.Naturally those organizations which are primarily intendedto promote social regeneration present the greatest array offormulated activities. If any are tempted to think theagencies intended primarily to promote individual religiouslife make a poor showing or emphasize unduly their socialfeatures, it must be recognized that what can be cataloguedand categorically stated is only the external manifestation ofthe hidden spiritual life whose most vital phenomena are aslittle open to observation as those of the physical life; whoseprocesses and results are indeed often hid from the actorhimself.The following accounts have been prepared byvarious officers at my request. Instead of beingwelded into one they are presented as independent reports for the sake of variety and vigor.They cover the year from April 1, 1901, to April1, 1902.It is hoped that this presentation will givesome indication that this University is neither*See University Record, May 11, 1900, pp. 49 ff. irreligious nor ungodly — a superficial and falsecharge which is frequently made against universities in general.The rapid growth of the University, and therise of the Schools of Medicine, Law, and Education bring the pressing need of a chapel andsuitable rooms for our religious work distinctlybefore our minds. We are confident that ourgenerous patrons will in due time provide for thesewants in a way worthy of themselves and of themost sublime element in education and culture./. CHAPEL-ASSEMBLIES.On Monday of each week the students of theJunior Colleges meet in a chapel-assembly, andon Tuesday those of the Senior Colleges. Allundergraduates are required to attend, unless excused for good cause. The service always openswith prayer and praise. Addresses are given bythe University preachers, the Chaplain, membersof the faculties, and others. Sometimes the entiretime is occupied with devotional exercises. TheGraduate Chapel-Assembly meets each Thursday.The Divinity School has a service on Tuesday,.Wednesday, and Thursday, in Haskell Hall, andon Friday in Cobb Hall. Attendance of allgraduate students is voluntary.The University Choir renders valuable assistance in the public worship at chapel-assembliesand at the Sunday services.//. SUNDAY SERVICES.At 11 o'clock on Sunday morning a service isconducted by the University Preacher. Theattendance has steadily increased under the newarrangements.///. THE UNIVERSITY PREACHERS.Thanks to the noble generosity of friends of theUniversity who desire and determine that religionshould be presented in its most attractive, winsome, and impressive form, we are now enjoyingthe services of the Board of University Preachers.These eminent representatives of the pulpit havebrought to us their message of religious thought396 UNIVERSITY RECORDand experience in a spirit and method whichhave been inspiring in the highest degree. Thewisdom of this plan, which was contemplated fromthe founding of the University, has been demonstrated beyond question. There is a deepeninginterest and a larger audience. The charm ofnovelty comes with each new speaker, and yet thevisit is long enough to furnish many coveted opportunities of confidential conversation of students with men of mark and achievement in highplaces of influence.The University Preachers who spoke at theVesper Service during the Spring, Summer, andAutumn Quarters, 1901, and the Winter Quarter,1902, were these :THE SPRING QUARTER, igoi.The Reverend Charles A. Eaton, Toronto, Can.Mr. William M. Salter, of the Ethical Culture Society,Chicago.Professor Richard Green Moulton, the University.The Reverend Pleasant Hunter, D.D., Second Presbyterian Church, Chicago.President John Henry Barrows, of Oberlin, The HaskellLecturer of the University.Dean Hulbert, the University.Professor Hirsch, the University.The Reverend Professor Marcus Dods, D.D., of Edinburgh, Scotland.The Reverend E. Benjamin Andrews, D.D., LL.D.,Chancellor of the University of Nebraska.THE SUMMER QUARTER, I9OI.The Reverend Professor Marcus Dods, D.D., Edinburgh.The Reverend Professor Charles J. Little, D.D., LL.D.,President of Garrett Bible Institute.The Reverend Professor F. W. Gunsaulus, D.D., Chicago.The Reverend Joseph Twitchell, Hartford, Conn.The Reverend E. Benjamin Andrews, D.D., LL.D., Chancellor of the University of Nebraska.THE AUTUMN QUARTER, I9OI.The Reverend Principal S. D. F. Salmond, the University of Aberdeen, Scotland.The Reverend Professor Charles J. Little, D.D., LL.D.,Garrett Bible Institute.The Reverend H. W. Thomas, D.D., the People'sChurch, Chicago.THE WINTER QUARTER, I902.The Reverend H. M. Sanders, D.D., the Madison AvenueBaptist Church, New York city. The Reverend Francis G. Peabody, D.D., LL.D., Professor of Christian Morals, Harvard University.The Reverend Philip S. Moxom, D.D., the First Congregational Church, Springfield, Mass.The Reverend W. H. P. Faunce, D.D., President ofBrown University, Providence, R. I.The University Preachers have an office hourin the Haskell Oriental Museum, one hour afterthe chapel-assembly, Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, and Friday.IV. THE UNIVERSITY CHAPLAIN.The statutes of the University define the dutiesof the Chaplain as follows :The Chaplain, in co-operation with the President andother officers, studies and proposes methods of promotingthe spiritual life of the University; serves as needed in religious exercises ; ministers as a pastor ; and advises withthe religious and benevolent organizations of the Universityin the interest of harmony and efficiency.Together with other instructors he assists in thedevotional exercises of the chapel- assemblies, andco-operates with student organizations as occasion arises. He is ready to visit the sick, to haveconversation in his office or at home by appointment with individual students. Such appointments may be made in person at the close of anychapel-assembly, at an hour announced in theWeekly Calendar, or in response to a note left inthe faculty, exchange. The Chaplain does notwish to intrude upon any person, and yet earnestly desires to respond to the calls of those whohonor him with their confidence.It is a pleasure to make a record of the valuable and acceptable services of Assistant ProfessorH. L. Willett as Acting Chaplain during the vacation of the University Chaplain, July i to December 31, 1901.C. R. Henderson, Chaplain.V. THE CHRISTIAN UNION.I. ITS PURPOSE AND METHOD.The Christian Union was formed in the autumnof 1892, at the very beginning of the universitywork. Its purpose has been and is to open theway for all members of the University to join inreligious and humane effort. This society carriesUNIVERSITY RECORD 397forward certain lines of spiritual and philanthropic activity common to all teachers and students who choose to participate. It leaves all toorganize in more special efforts in which anynumber of persons may be interested. In orderto promote unity and common understanding itis agreed that the presidents of all the religioussocieties shall meet in the University Board ofthe Christian Union for conference. This arrangement, which admits entire liberty and yetprevents friction, has been admirably adapted toour conditions.II. THE CONSTITUTION.PREAMBLE.Whereas, It is highly desirable to unite all the membersof the University in a single, harmonious organization onthe basis of those elements of religious faith which are heldin common ; and,Whereas, All may unite upon this common ground without inconsistency with the maintenance of individual religious conceptions ; and,Whereas, In the spirit and purpose of the above, it hasseemed good to form such an organization, to be known asthe CHRISTIAN UNION ; therefore be itResolved, That membership in the Union, with privilegeof voting at all meetings, stiall belong to all instructors and ,-students of the University without any subscription or otherformal act, and without payment of fees.REGULATIONS.I. The officers of the Christian Union shall be a president,^chosen from the faculties of the University; a vice-president,chosen from the student body; and a secretary-treasurer,chosen at large.2. The direction of the Christian Union shall be in charge•of a University Board, constituted as follows :a) Ex officio, the President and Recorder of the University,the Chaplain of the University, the officers of the ChristianUnion, the president and secretary of the Board of the University Settlement and of each religious society of the University recognized by the Board.b) Five members of the faculties, recommended by thePresident of the University and appointed by the Trustees.c) Two representatives of each distinct student division.The administrative work of the Board shall be in thehands of the chaplain and the president of the ChristianUnion, in consultation with the President of the University.3. The elections shall be by ballot, and, with the exceptionof the president and secretary-treasurer, from a double list of nominees presented to the Union one week before theannual meeting by a nominating committee of five appointedby the president. In the case of the president there shallbe only one name presented by the committee ; but ten ormore persons may unite in presenting (through the committee) another name, if they so desire. The secretary-treasurer shall be chosen by the Board, subject to the approvalof the University Council.4. The Board shall direct the work of the Christian Unionin all its departments, appointing such standing committeesas may be found necessary for the purpose of conductingpublic worship, Bible study, work in philanthropy, and suchother work as the Union may see fit to undertake. Thepresidents of the represented organizations shall be chairmen of the committees in their respective departments.The committee on philanthropy is identical with the incorporated board of the University of Chicago Settlement.This board has power to fill vacancies in its membershipaccording to its own rules.5. The president and secretary-treasurer of the ChristianUnion shall be ex officio members of all committees.6. No work shall be undertaken in the various departments of the Christian Union without the previous consentof the Board.7. Each committee appointed for continuous service shallmake, through its chairman, a monthly report to the Boardof all work done in its department.8. There shall be a regular monthly meeting of the Board.9. At a regular time in each quarter, which the Board mayfix, the Board shall present a report of its work to the Christian Union.10. The officers of the Union shall be elected annually inMarch at a special meeting to be called for that purpose bythe president, and they shall take office at the first regularmeeting of the Board in April.11. These regulations may be altered or amended by atwo thirds vote of the Union at any regular meeting, providing a week's notice of the proposed change shall havebeen given.12. Fifteen members of the Union shall constitute aquorum for the transaction of business.III. THE OFFICERS, I9OI-2.President — ProfessorCharles R. Barnes.Vice Precident — Miss Ethel Freeman.Other members of the Board elected by students :Divinity School — W. R. Schoemaker and J. W.Bailey.Graduate Schools — -R. C. Adams and Miss M.E. Andrews.UNIVERSITY RECORDSenior Colleges — 0. E. Atwood and Miss EdnaL. Stevens.Junior Colleges — Miss Blanche Felt and MissEdith Wiles.VI. THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO SETTLEMENT.I. STATEMENT OF TREASURER.The fiscal year of the University Settlementbegins May i. The Treasurer's statement for theten months ending February 28, 1902, is as follows :Cash on hand and in bank May 1,1901 ------ - $1,187.22(^URRENT RECEIPTS :Faculty subscriptions $ 750.75Sunday collections - 509.24Settlement League - ' 338.89Rent of schoolroom - 270.00Sunday collections ... i97«5oClubs of the Settlement - - - 84.85Interest on deposit - 15.00Total current receipts - - -$2,166.23Disbursements May i, I9oi-February 22, 1902:Rent - - - - - - $ 400.00Salary of Head Resident - - 666.66Household expenses - 95I-5ITelephone ----- 87.50Gymnasium expenses - - - 909.55Administration expenses - - 14. 11Total expenses - $3*029.33Less excess of expenses over currentreceipts $863.10Cash on hand and in bank March 1,1902 - - $324-12Henry Rand Hatfield,Treasurer.2. STATEMENT OF THE HEAD RESIDENT.A. RESIDENTS.Residents for igoi and iqoz. — Mary E. McDowell, from 1894; Caroline Blinn, from 1894;Elizabeth B. Jones, from 1898; Laura S. Bass,from 1898; Major Malcolm McDowell, from1900; Mrs. McDowell, from 1900; Miss MargaretHoblitt, from 1900; Miss Margaret E. Hazlett,1902. Temporary residents. — Miss Elsie Rosenthalautumn of 1901; Mr. Irvin McDowell, . autumnof 1 901; Miss Cora Stuckenberg, winter of 1902.B. CLUBS AND CLASSES.The weekly programme of the clubs and classes,giving in each case the leaders and places ofmeeting, is as follows :P. M.4:007:008:008:008:003:004:007:007:307.-307:307^8:003:00 Girls' Gymnasium Class, Miss Annie Wey, Gymnasium.,to 8:00 Girls' Gymnasium Class, Miss Cecile Bowman,University of Chicago, Miss Adams, Pianist, University of Chicago, Gymnasium.to 9:00 Young Woman's Club, Miss Mary B. Bradley,.University of Chicago, Gymnasium.Assistant Librarian, Mrs. Sarah Clark.Manual Training, Miss lones, Gymnasium.Young Women's Mutual Benefit, Miss McDowell,.Settlement.TUESDAY.Librarian, Miss Margaret Hoblitt, Gymnasium.Little Neighbors, Mrs. Charles Leonard, Miss Barton,Pianist, Gymnasium.Manual Training, Miss Elizabeth lones, Gymnasium.to 8:00 Boys' Recreation Club, Mr. R. G. Pierson,University of Chicago, Gymnasium.Savings Bank, Mr. Beifeld, University of Chicago,Gymnasium.Alliance Athletic Club, Mr. Paul Bast, Gymnasium.Manual Training, Miss Elizabeth lones, Gymnasium.Bohemian Woman's Club, First Tuesday in month,Mrs. M. Engelthaler, President, Gymnasium.Mandolin Orchestra, Mr. Alfred Broman, Gymnasium.to 8:00 Probationers' Report, Miss Caroline Blinn,Settlement House.WEDNESDAY.3:00 Monticello Dolls' Dressmaking Class, Mrs. LenaBensel and Mrs. Emma Dennison, Gymnasium.7:30 Working Boys' Gymnasium Class, Mr. H. G. Reynolds, Gymnasium.Assistant Librarian, Mrs. Sarah Clark, Gymnasium.7:30 Class in Composition, Miss Winston, University ofChicago, Settlement House.THURSDAY.Librarian, Miss Hoblitt, Gymnasium.2:00 Woman's Club, Miss McDowell, President, Gymnasium.3:30 Class in Design, Miss Glenrose Bell, University ofChicago, Gymnasium.UNIVERSITY RECORD 3994:00 Children's Hour Club, Miss Blinn, Settlement House.4:00 English Composition, Miss Learned, Gymnasium.8:00 Young Woman's Club, Miss Margaret Hoblitt, Settlement House.8:00 Lecture Course, Gymnasium.FRIDAY.4:00 Children's Chorus, Miss Coudrey, Miss MargaretHoblitt, Accompanist, Gymnasium.7:00 Skylark Chorus, Miss Coudrey, Miss Berger, University of Chicago, Gymnasium.8:00 Orpheus Chorus, Miss Blanche Gould, Conductor;Miss Margaret Fallow, Accompanist; Mr. W. S.Ransom, President ; Gymnasium.7:30 School Extension Class, Miss Hopp, University ofChicago, Settlement House.7:30 Assistant Librarian, Mrs. Sarah Clark, Gymnasium.7:00 Elocution, Miss Weseman, Settlement House.SATURDAY.A. M.9:30 Savings Bank, Mr. Beifeld, University of ChicagoGymnasium.9:30 McDowell Club, Mrs. J. C. Swan, Mrs. A. Paddon*Mrs. Robinson, Gymnasium.9:30 Sewing School, Mrs. M. T. Libbey, Day NurseryBuilding.10:00 Play Hour, Beecher Hall Girls, University of Chicago, Gymnasium.11:00 Elocution, Miss Weseman, Gymnasium.p. M.3:00 School Boys' Gymnasium Club, Mr. H. G. Reynolds,Gymnasium.7:00 Alliance Athletic Club, Mr. Paul Bast, Gymnasium.Fees. — Literary and school extension classes, 50 cents perten lessons ; gymnasium, boys and girls, 5 cents a month,slippers required; gymnasium, young men and women, 10cents a month; Orpheus chorus, 20 cents a month; manualtraining, 1 cent a lesson.Teachers from the University of Chicago give their services free of charge. All fees go toward payment for lightand printing.The Union Label League meets once a month.Miss McDowell, President; Miss Margaret Mc-Donnough, Secretary.C PHYSICAL HEALTH.The physical health of the community is, onthe whole, improving under the constant andcombined educational influences of the Settlement,the dispensary, the visiting nurse, and the talks onsanitation and hygiene, given before the variousclubs. The dispensary affiliated with the Settle ment has an average of about thirty cases a day.The visiting nurse of the Visiting Nurse Associationhas made 3,889 calls during the year. The Settlement co-operates with the Board of Health incirculating tracts and placing in public placesthe warning against expectoration. It also doesmuch in the summer to introduce the JacksonPark Sanitarium to the foreign mothers, takingthem and their sick children to the sanitarium forthe first time. It is the mother's ignorance, nother vice, that causes so much sickness among thechildren, and when unable to understand English,she can understand the sanitarium and the concrete illustrations of care for her child given bynurse and physician.The free Public Bath No. 3, built by the city inresponse to the efforts of the Settlement, is usedalmost too freely in summer, as three and fourchildren are crowded in one shower room. Thenumber of baths taken during the hot days ofJuly were :Men - 5,388Boys - 4,514WTomen ... - 1,123Girls - - - - 2,769Total - 13,794D. PHYSICAL CULTURE.The second year of the gymnasium and thenew and more complete apparatus created agreater desire for physical training. A largeclass of young women was formed, whose occupation during the day requires just the exercise thegymnasium offers. Three student volunteerteachers and two professional teachers hold thefollowing classes : One afternoon class of schoolgirls ; one afternoon class of school boys ; oneevening class of working girls ; one evening classof working boys ; they should have two evenings.A large class of young women who ought to havetwo evenings a week have but one.The young men's club has two evenings aweek, but they share part of an evening with theiryounger brothers. Basketball is the favorite400 UNIVERSITY RECORDsport of both boys and girls. Owing to the greatdemand for class work in the gymnasium and thefact that the same room must be used for manypurposes, the classes have had to be limited.E. THE OUTDOOR WORK, SUMMER I90I.A spirit of helpfulness has prevailed duringthe absence of the head resident. Membersof the Settlement Woman's Club and otherclubs helped the kindergartner on the playground in looking after the children every week.They also helped with the picnics, outings, andoutdoor entertainments. Different young peopleassisted in the library, and the children were generally helpful in keeping the playground in order,doing errands, and preparing for entertainments.The playground. — At the beginning of the season the playground was put in good repair andmade more attractive than ever before. A newwire was put on the fence, a band stand built,loads of sand placed in the sand box, and theswings and gymnasium apparatus repaired andpainted. Seeds were planted, and as the summerwent on, vines and green growing plants gladdened the eye, even if there were not manyflowers. The kindergartner came for the thirdsuccessive summer to spend her time on the playground. Evidences of her care and interest wereshown in the neatness and order which prevailed,in the spirit of fairness and consideration in thegames, and in the use of the sand box, swings,and apparatus. The younger children enjoyedsinging games, and the older boys and girlsfound pleasure in croquet. But the interest wascentered in the industrial work. A pleasing scenein the morning was that of the kindergartner inthe shelter, surrounded by boys and girls weavingbaskets, belts, and a large strong hammock. Alarge group of lookers-on, mothers, brothers, andsisters, taking care of the babies and little ones,watched the weavers with great interest. Thekindergartner made new acquaintances every day,which often opened the way for needed sympathy,friendly advice, acts of service, and pleasantfriendships. Summer entertainments. — A Twenty-ninth ward.recreation league was organized early in the season by the head resident. This league was composed of representatives from different athleticand improvement clubs in the neighborhood,from the Forty-seventh Street Methodist Episcopal Church, and from adult Settlement clubs.It was divided into three committees : one towork for small parks in the neighborhood ; oneto work for an extension of our free public bath,.which is inadequate for the needs of the neighborhood ; and the third to have charge of outdoor entertainments on the Settlement playground. The entertainments which consisted ofband concerts, and stereopticon talks were givenFriday evenings during July and August, andwere one of the most interesting features of thesummer work. The stereopticon talks on " TheLand We Live In " and " Our New Possessions,"'by Harry F. Ward, were listened to with an eagerness and quietness unusual in so large an outdoorcrowd..The services heartily tendered by the University Band, one evening in July, were met with as.hearty a response by a large, enthusiastic, and.appreciative audience. For the band concerts inAugust $100 was raised entirely in the neighborhood by entertainments and donations from clubs.The music was all of excellent quality, and thelarge crowds, till the end, showed that the interestkept up.Outings. — Through the Bureau of Charities,.the Settlement sent a number of women and children to the camps at Evanston and Lake Geneva,,and children to different small towns in Illinois-and Wisconsin. It was a refreshing change for amother with five or six children to spend a weekon the breezy lake shore at Evanston. The boys.and girls who went to country towns, or the farmcame back with glowing tales, and often ladenedwith farm products, or bundles of new clothes,.dolls, and toys. The Settlement picnics werefewer than those of previous summers, but theywere on the whole more satisfactory. JacksonUNIVERSITY RECORD 401Park, where the children could go in wading, wasthe favorite resort.Public baths. — Through a petition of the Settlement Woman's Club, Public Bath No. 3, acrossfrom the gymnasium, was opened three eveningsa week. There was a great increase of baths overthe preceding summer. Because of the inadequacy of the public bath to supply all the demands, the Settlement opened the shower-bathsin the gymnasium basement a few Saturdaysduring the hottest weather for the playgroundchildren.F. GENERAL.Savings bank and library. — The savings bankwas opened twice a week, and the library stationevery day, during the whole summer. The circulation of books was larger than ever beforeduring this season.There was the usual number of calls from people in the neighborhood, friendly calls and thosefrom people with needs of various sorts.The Alliance Athletic Club, composed of abouttwenty-five young men, met twice a week duringsummer. With the exception of a few hot evenings they occupied the gymnasium with gamesand athletic practice.G. EDUCATIONAL.Educational work does not mean class work,but includes that broader and more popular education of the social life in clubs, and in the popular lectures with stereopticon, both indoors andout. Classes in English composition and readinghave been under the care of University students.A class in elocution for children is popular, aswell as a small class for adults. A class ofmothers from the Woman's Club has been earnestly engaged in the study of good English. Anambitious group of working girls are taking English composition once a week. A large class ofboys is faithfully studying under a Universitystudent, and from time to time foreigners havereceived instruction in English. The stereopticonlectures, given out of doors in the playground,were attended by hundreds of men who crowded near the speaker ; many expressed the hope thatthese out-of-door lectures might be repeated nextsummer. The stereopticon indoor lectures wereas follows :" A Trip to Switzerland," Miss M. McDowell."Greek Art," Professor Tarbell, of the University ofChicago." Some Pictures from the Lives of Our Great GrandParents," Miss Maud Wilkinson."A Visit to Hawaii," Mr. Horace E. Coleman, of theUniversity of Chicago." A Trip to Spain," Miss Ingersoll."A Trip to Cuba, Porto Rico, and Bermuda," Miss Ingersoll." A Visit to London," Rev. Harry F. Ward.Chicago Day was celebrated by a union meeting of the Settlement, the Lutheran Evangelical,.and the Methodist churches. Addresses weremade by Pastor Freitag in German on, " What.Makes a Good Citizen," and in English on "HowChildren Can Help Chicago," by Rev. Harry F..Ward.The civic creed was recited by the large audience of children; patriotic songs were sung. It:is hoped to make this celebration of Chicago Dayan annual educational occasion, and more andmore to gain the co-operation of other denominations in the community. The meetings of theUnion Label League have given an opportunityto have talks on different phases of the labormovement.Washington's birthday was made an educational opportunity, when the Settlement Woman's.Club entertained the faculty, and the junior andsenior classes of the Lake High School. Students,from these two classes debated the question, Re^solved, " That Chicago offers better opportunitiesfor the development of good citizens than doesBoston." A copy of the Encyclopedia of SocialReform was presented to the high-school library.The head resident has spoken on social questions.before women's clubs, Christian Endeavor societies, churches, and missionary societies in Chicagoand suburbs ; also to the Colonial Dames ofWisconsin, and women's clubs of Duluth andWest Superior, South Bend Woman's Club, andin Rockford, 111.402 UNIVERSITY RECORDThe kindergarten, although under the Board ofEducation, is held in the beautiful hall of theSettlement Day Nursery. At the mothers' meetings, held once a month, talks are given on thecare of the physical and the spiritual child.Evening social gatherings for both fathers andmothers are made instructive by short talks onthe kindergarten, illustrated by the children inthe Circle. The more advanced mothers havejoined the Settlement Woman's Clubs, and teachers and mothers co-operate with the Settlementin many helpful ways.The mothers of the nursery children have beenorganized into a Mutual Benefit Club, meetingtwice a month for business and social purposes.They have a penny savings bank and a sewingevening, when they help each other.The Settlement entertained the Wellesley College Club. Addresses were made by the HeadResident, and by the resident probation officer ofthe Juvenile Court.The Colonial Dames of Chicago presented flag-pins to the children, on Decoration Day. Theyhave just purchased a fine lantern, and are selecting slides illustrating American history, to beused for the instruction of foreign peoples, at thesuggestion of the Settlement.The programme of the Woman's Club has beeneducational; the topics are of the members' ownchoosing. The club meets Thursdays at 2 o'clock,in the University Settlement gymnasium, 4630Gross avenue.OFFICERS.President — Miss Mary E. McDowell, 4638 Ashland avenue.Vice-President — Miss Laura S. Bass, 4638 Ashland avenue.Secretary — Mrs. Lena M. Bensel, 1 7 10 N. 51st street.Treasurer — Mrs. Anna Ramp, 4557 Ashland avenue.BOHEMIAN SECTION OF WOMAN'S CLUB.President — Mrs. Maggie Engelthaler.Vice-President — Mrs. Barb. Pekar.Financial Secretary — Mrs. Antonia Jandus, 4701 Lincolnstreet.Recording Secretary — Mrs. M. T. Janovsky.Treasurer — Mrs. Anna Klaus.Librarian — Mrs. M. T. Janovsky, 171 1, 47th street. PROGRAMME I90I-I902.October 3. — "A Summer in the Old Country," Miss McDowell.October 10. — Chicago Day, "The Future Chicago," MrD wight H. Perkins.October 17. — Reports from members visiting public institutions.October 24. — Housekeeper's Day: Home Making, bymembers of club, Mrs. Montgomery, Mrs. Daniels, Mrs.Mikalosch, Mrs. Jacobson.October 31. — "How Can the Home Help the School?"(a discussion), Mrs. Marion Foster Washburn.November 7. — Social, in charge of Mrs. Frank AsburyJohnson, of the Settlement League.November 14. — "Home Rule," Mrs. Catharine WaughMcCulloch.November 21. — Industrial Day: "The Union LabelLeague," Mrs. Pelham.November 28. — Thanksgiving Day (no meeting).December 5. — Social, Mrs. Horace Fiske, President of theUniversity Settlement League.December 12. — " Civil Service and Public Institutions,"Mrs. Emma Dennison.December 19. — "What Women can Do to Improve theCity," Mrs. Charles F. Millspaugh, member of the UniversitySettlement League.December 26. — Christmas Party : " Peace on Earth, GoodWill to Men."January 9.- — Social.January 16. — "An American Poet," Mrs. W. A. Sheridan,of Chicago Woman's Club.January 23. — "The Art Institute and the Citizen," Mr.Charles L. Hutchinson, President of the Chicago Art Institute.January 30. — "The Drama," Mrs. Finsterbanh.February 6. — Social, Mrs. George Vincent, of UniversitySettlement League.February 13. — "The Practical Value of Socialism," MissCharlotte Teller, of University of Chicago.February 20. — "True Patriotism," Professor CharlesZueblin, of University of Chicago.February 28. — " How to Make Housework Interesting,"Mrs. Bonnie Withrow Evans.March 6. — Social.March 13. — "The City of Paris," Miss Alice Parsons.March 20. — Housekeeper's Day: "The Kitchen," Mrs.Bensel, Miss McDowell; "The Bedroom," Mrs. Ramp;"The Pantry," Mrs. Hopfer; "The Parlor," Mrs. Necker-man, Mrs. Getoskey, Members of the Club.March 27. — "A Summer in the Woods." Mrs. IsadorePratt Taylor.April 3. — Social, Miss Andrews (our nurse).UNIVERSITY RECORD 403April 10. — " Democracy in Poetry," Miss Ella W. Peattie.April 1 8.— "What Shall we Do With our Boys and Girls ?"(a discussion) led by Mrs. Margaret Codd.April 24. — "Probation Work," Miss Blinn.May 1. — Children's Day, Mrs. Crumbagh, Miss Fox, MissDennison.May 8. — "Hospitality," Mrs. Rosenberg, Mrs. AnnaBecker, Mrs. Greenwald.May 22. — Home Industries. (Exhibition of Hand Work.)May 29. — "Chicago in War Time," Miss Ada Sweet.June 5. — Social.June 12. — "A Visit to Spain," Mrs. Jerome Raymond.June 19. — Open Day, Miss Bass.June 26. — Plan for the Future.The Bohemian Woman's Club hold their meetings once a month, using their native language, andthe following programme has been translatedfor our edification :December 3. — " Encouragement to Bohemian Woman."Address by Mrs. M. Engelthaler, president of the Club.January. — "Bohemian Literature," Mrs. B. Pavlik, editorof Zenske Listy ; Recitation, Mrs. A. Klaus.February. — "Visit to the National Exposition at Prague,Bohemia," Mrs. Ant. Jandus ; " The Need of a Broad andLiberal Education," Mrs. S. Mikolasek.March. — "Progress of Woman's Club," Mrs. M. Chaloupka;" The Seven Wonders of the Nineteenth Century," Mrs. R.E. Janovsky.April. — Studies in Literature: " Eliska Krasnohorska,"Mrs. M. Hopp ; " Pavla Cechova," Mrs. A. Kalina ; " Fran-tiska Gregorova," Mrs. Cerny; " Bozena Nemcova," Mrs.Lisy; "Karolina Svetla," Mrs. O. Hopp.May.— "Art and Music," Mrs. T. Vonasek, Mrs. B.Pekar; "My Travels Through Nebraska," Mrs. M. T.Janovsky.June. — "Bohemian History," Mrs. J. A. Loula ; "Womanand the Home," Mrs. M. Pekar, Mrs. M. Caprat, Mrs. Zima.October. — "Occupation for Women" (Discussion), Mrs.Rollis, Mrs. Mikulecky, Mrs. Elhenicky, Mrs. Bruelow.November. — "A Plea for the Mother Tongue," Mrs. Barta,Mrs. Herold, Mrs. Malinovsky, Mrs. Reiter.December. — Social Entertainment.H. THE LIBRARY.The need of a new building is felt every timeone sees the crowd about the one little table inthe Public Library Station. A reading room formen and boys, in connection with the LibraryStation is an immediate need which only a newbuilding can supply. Through the Public Library Station, situated inthe gymnasium, from 1,000 to 1,500 books areloaned every month. The majority of borrowersare children, whose reading is largely directed"through the use of graded lists prepared with greatcare by the first station-keeper. The childrenhave access also to illustrated magazines andpapers. The general character of the booksdrawn by adults is good.Mr. Epstein of the University has assisted oncea week.I. ESTHETICTo put emphasis upon the idea that beauty is anecessity, not a luxury, is one of the functions ofthe Settlement ; that culture does not meanaccomplishments, but a love for good, true, andbeautiful things, through deeds and sounds. Tothis end the walls of the Settlement house aremade attractive by the hanging of photographsof the best pictures of the world. An alcovecurtained off from the clubroom, is hung withcopies of masterpieces, and here is kept thecollection of framed pictures that are loaned tothe children over ten years of age. New pictureshave been added from time to time, so that thecollection contains now 200 pictures.Excursions of children are made to the ArtInstitute, and the Field Museum. The use of thePerry and Prang pictures in the Kindergarten,and in the children's clubs is doing much tocreate good taste.The University Settlement League each yeargives a reception to the Settlement women at theArt Institute. About seventy-five women attend,and enjoy the collection of Chicago artists; but theynever fail to visit their favorites in the permanentcollections : Millet's " Bringing Home the Calf;"Knaus' "Potato Diggers ;" Byam Shaw's "Truth;"and Breton's " Song of the Lark." These, withmany of the beautiful landscapes are each yearvoted to be the pictures one would like to own ;yet the general verdict has been each year, that ifone retains the picture in the mind, it is a possession that neither moth nor rust can corrupt. A404 UNIVERSITY RECORDtalk by the president of the Art Institute to theSettlement Woman's Club did much to strengthenthe sense of possessing this beautiful building,with its treasures that are for all the people.The flowers that come once a week from afriend who believes that beauty is a necessity, domuch to develop, or rather keep alive a love ofnature, the basis for a love of beauty in art andliterature.Music. — The Messiah was sung again, this, thethird year, by sixty members of the Apollo Club,assisted by well-known soloists. The financialsuccess of this concert was owing to the efforts ofthe Orpheus Chorus, the strongest musical organization of the Settlement, organized by MissHofer, six years ago.The Sky Lark Singing Club, formed of graduatesfrom the children's chorus has a club organization of boys and girls. Once a month they havea social, but they are doing also good educationalwork.The children's chorus is one of the oldest organizations. It numbers about one hundred children from eight to twelve years.Manual training. — Four classes in woodworkare carried on by a trained teacher of manualtraining and carving, while the children's clubsdo much hand work, of more or less educationalvalue : basket weaving, cutting, pasting, etc.Sewing is popular — 300 girls are taught at thesewing school, in charge of the Day Nursery Association, and twenty little girls are in the Monti-cello Dolls' Dressmaking Class at the Settlement.Two large cooking classes have been given upfor lack of room — another reason for a newbuilding.j. SOCIAL.Canon Barnett says that "A common good timemakes for common opinions," and for that reasonToynbee Hall has done much in the way of parties, teas, and receptions, for all kinds of people.The University of Chicago Settlement has now inthe neighborhood the reputation as a place where people have a good time, and "get well-acquainted."The adult clubs give parties to each other andto their friends. Clubs outside of the Settlementrent the gymnasium for the cost of lighting, andalways count on the presence of residents to"make a good time."Christmas week is the time of the whole yearwhen social good-will expresses itself. Duringthat week there were given fifteen different partiessmall and large ; some on the other side of townto Settlement children. The guests numberedabout two thousand.The beautiful Christinas tree in the center ofthe gymnasium was the delight of all, as eachparty in turn danced around it, singing Christmas carols full of Christmas peace and goodwill.The most unique gathering was the grandmothers' Christmas party, where each grandmotherreceived a large stocking full of good things to* her taste.Two large Christmas parties were given inKenwood— one to 100 children at St. Paul's Parish House, and one to fifty children and mothersby a good young friend.Small groups were invited to private houses.The Hyde Park Baptist primary department gaveits annual party in the Settlement gymnasium —fifty children as hosts from Hyde Park and fiftyfrom the Settlement as guests, had a good, democratic Christmas time.K. RELIGIOUS INFLUENCE.The Settlement community is nominally Christian, Catholic and Lutherans. More men attendchurch than in most communities. Much attention is paid to religious instruction. Being religious is often synonomous with devotion to formsand ceremonies, to dogmas and creeds. Religious prejudices are strong, and often bitter.What is needed is to apply constantly the spiritof Christ to every side of life, and to extend thereligious influence into social, political, and educational life.UNIVERSITY RECORD 405This the residents of the Settlement try to do,though conscious of their human weakness. Theresidents belong to different denominations, butattend the only Protestant English-speakingchurch in the neighborhood.The Boys' Club of the Methodist Church belongsto the Settlement gymnasium class. The YoungMen's Club of the church gave an entertainmentin the gymnasium for the benefit of the church,the audience being a very different one from thegeneral Settlement audiences. The church inturn assists in securing signers to petitions for asmall park and playground, and in many otherways.The men in one large German Catholic Churchhave organized an Improvement Club, which theykindly say was inspired by the Settlement.L. ECONOMIC EFFORTS.The Retail Clerks' Protective Association wasorganized at the Settlement. Their meetings forpropaganda were held there until it was necessaryto secure a hall for their regular meetings. Theywill hold their social parties in the gymnasium.The Woman's International Union LabelLeague of the Stock Yards district was organizedand holds its regular meetings at the Settlement.The Loan Association organized by the Agentof the Bureau of Charities is composed of a committee of women who are members of Settlementclubs, and who have lived in the community forsome years. The object is to make small loansof $5 to $10 — at 6 per cent. — to be refunded inweekly payments of 25 or 50 cents. The treasureris at the gymnasium every Friday evening, toreceive the payments, or to make loans.The capital stock is now $100. In every case,the payments have been met ; often the time hasto be lengthened, but in the end the paymentsare made.The evident success of the Loan Fund Association, demands more capital to enable it toincrease its usefulness.The Penny Savings Bank is open twice a week, for the sale of penny saving stamps, in amountsranging from one penny to two or three dollars.The station is one of the most successful in thecity, the deposits amounting to about twenty-fivedollars weekly. Mr. Arthur Beifeld has been theUniversity assistant during the last year.M. THE SPIRIT OF CO-OPERATION.To use every agency that will make for thebetterment of every side of life in the neighborhood — the Settlement co-operates with theBureau of Charities, the Relief and Aid Society,the Visiting Nurse Association, the HealthDepartment, the Police Department and JuvenileCourt, the Methodist Church, the LutheranEvangelical Church, the Public School, the PublicLibrary, the Jackson Park Sanitarium, manychurches, and women's clubs, the athletic clubs ofthe neighborhood, and the labor unions.One resident, Miss Blinn, has been appointedprobation officer in the Stockyards district, andthis is her report :The sessions of the Juvenile Court are held in theCounty Building on Monday and Friday of each week.The morning session of Monday, cases for dependentand neglected children ; the afternoon of Monday and Friday are devoted to delinquent cases, both boys and girls.Of the one hundred and fifty children, paroled from thisdistrict, since 1899 (which was the beginning of operation ofthe Juvenile Law), seventy-five have not been again arrestedor brought before the Court.The child is placed in care of the Probation Officer at themoment he is released, and returns to his home, whether itis a first offense, or when he is released from the John Worthyschool, where he has been sent for restraint and guidance,and sometimes to receive the first schooling he has everknown. No child is regarded as a criminal, or committedon a fine, or sent away to be punished ; nor in becoming award of the court, is he placed under suspicion, or any systemof espionage.No better example of the worth of the preventive care,and the value of the kindly vigilance of the probation workcould be found than in the case of "Terence." Born to aninheritance of ignorance and sin, this neglected boy's onlytraining was to pick up bones in the street and alley, withhis much abused mother. When this means of income to thedepraved father, was interrupted by the Court's adoption ofTerence, then began the contest with these benighted parents406 UNIVERSITY RECORDto secure for the boy his right to an honest living and a faireducation.At the age of twelve he had a school, record of onemonth, and of course indifference and aversion to theroutine and confinement of the schoolroom. Many times itseemed as if the black and defiant powers of Ignorance,Greed and Sloth must triumph. Twice the family moved to•evade the persistent, tormenting Probation Officer whowould continue to visit, and never let go. But slowly theinterest on the boy's part was awakened, the desire to knowsomething and be some one grew, and the victory was won.For two years, Terence has been in school with a fairdegree of regularity, and bone-picking, the badge of beggary,has given place to books and more decent, wholesome living.In order that the care and oversight may be constant, theboys come to report each week. On Tuesday afternoonmay be seen the schoolboys seated around the table in theclubroom of the Settlement, reading, looking at the illustrated papers, or playing games. Very close acquaintance *is found in the friendly contact of these games. Theboys, who have most recently been paroled are required tobring written reports from their teacher, of attendance, conduct and progress. In the evening come the working boys,some directly from the "yards" with their dinner pails,others later, with their cleanest faces to spend the evening.An average of fifty report each week, and others oncea month, according to length of their parole and excellenceof conduct. Still others, who are past sixteen and are firmlyfixed in their good habits, come occasionally for a friendlyvisit. During the three years past forty dependent andneglected children of this locality have known the parentaloversight of the Children's Court. In those instances wherein the judgment of the court, the parents are worthy ofanother trial they are allowed to take the children home, thereal, perplexing, anxious work of the Probation Officer .begins.To guide the little children in ways of honesty and puritywere not so hard; but how make over the father andmother whose habits of idleness, intemperance and dishonestyhave been growing since childhood ? One realizes in all itsforce that truest of truths : formation is better than reformation.N. CHARITY AND REFORM.The Settlement co-operates with every agencythat can bring relief to its needy neighbors.The Head Resident is in the council of theStockyards Bureau of Charities, and one residentis a member of the decisions committee. It is impossible to report here those friendly gifts thatare given to the sick, the aged, and to mentionthe friends known to the Settlement for so long a time. Often women in great distress will comefrom a distance to ask for advice or work, becausethey cannot bring themselves to take charity.The reform work is of the preventive, educational type. The Settlement has called to the aidof the community the Law and Order League,the Humane Society, and has from time to timeaided in breaking up houses that were a moralcontagion.O. THE GREAT NEED.The great need is for the completion of theplant on Gross avenue, where the much-usedgymnasium now stands on ioo feet of groundowned by the Settlement. The new buildingwould come in front of the gymnasium, andsupply a home for the residents, who are uncomfortably housed over a feed store. It will permitan enlarged force of helpers. It will supply theneed for club rooms for the Woman's Club, andfor the young men who must have a place openfor them every evening. It will provide a reading room for men, a reading and game room forboys, who can now only be accommodated onenight a week, while they should be off the streetsevery night. It will give a cooking-class room, astudio, a laundry, and all in a shape, for economical management. Mary e McDowell,Head Resident.VII. THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION.It was about April i, 1901, that the UniversityYoung Men's Christian Association began theaccumulation of a fund, intended to be $1,000,with which it proposed to employ a general secretary for his entire time. About $700 wasactually secured.The search for a man did not prove successful,however, and during September it looked as ifthe Autumn Quarter would open without one. Atthis juncture the Advisory Committee of the University Association appealed to the general ChicagoAssociation to learn if some aid could not berendered. The result of the negotiation was thatUNIVERSITY RECORD 407the University Association modified its constitution so as to become the University of ChicagoDepartment of the general Chicago Association,the Chicago Association undertaking to man theUniversity work and to provide more extensiveoperations. It was unable to secure at that latedate a man who could give his whole time to theUniversity Department, but, until it could do so,delegated one of its own secretaries, Mr. W. J.Parker, to give' part of his time to that department. This has been the plan followed fromOctober i to date. The association is now ableto announce that it has secured the services ofMr. Ralph Merriam, a University of Chicago student, who will give his entire time to the*Univer-sity Department, beginning April i. This changein the form of organization of the work at theUniversity has for its object greater permanenceand stability, as well as close supervision of thelocal work by a strong general association. Byno means does the University Department loseits identity or autonomy.The association conducts two religious meetings each week, one on Wednesday evening formen alone, and one on Sunday evening in unionwith the Young Women's Christian Association.The average attendance during the year at themen's meeting has been about twenty-five, andat the union meeting about sixty-five.Fifty-four different men have been enrolledin the Bible classes of the department. This isthe largest number of men that the associationhas ever enrolled in its classes, and it is by farthe most successful work of its kind that hasbeen done in the University. It is especiallynoticeable that the attendance and interest ofthese men is being steadily maintained throughout the college year. The spiritual effect of theseclasses on the fifty men who have entered themwill, it is believed, prove of fundamental importance in strengthening the religious life of theUniversity.A mission study class was organized about themiddle of the winter quarter in which those who wished to get a larger outlook on the Christianenterprises of the day could find opportunity forinvestigation.The social needs of student life have been partially met by three social events : One on thefirst Wednesday evening of the Autumn Quarterattended by 125 men; a second in conjunctionwith the Young Women's Christian Associationon Halloween night attended by about 500. Athird was the annual dinner of the association atthe Hotel Holland attended by 33 men.The finances of the association have been verycarefully managed and after paying all bills todate the association has a balance of about $200on hand with which to prosecute its work duringthe spring quarter. It is the policy of the association to provide for its funds in advance ofspending them and within a few weeks it is hopedthat the entire amount needed to carry the workto January 1 next will have been pledged.The former Advisory Board of the UniversityAssociation has been replaced by a Committeeof Management consisting of Messrs. J. M. Coulter, Nathaniel Butler, A. A. Stagg, H. V. Freeman, E. B. Smith, C. A. Marsh, Fred Merrifield,.H. D. Abel.ls, W, A. Payne, L. O. Scott, and L.J.Bevan. This committee has entire charge of theemployment of a secretary and the direction ofhis work and of all the financial interests of thedepartment. Its representative character and theindividual strength of its members assures thoseinterested in the religious life of the Universitythat the Young Men's Christian Association willbe well directed.It needs to be said that the association hasbeen rearranging its work so that it is manned byundergraduate students. This does not meanthat the association is not interested in men inother departments of the University, but ratherthat it feels that if it is going to reach undergraduate students its officers and committee-menmust be undergraduates. A large number ofnew workers have been found this year and whilemany of them are new to the work, yet there is-408 UNIVERSITY RECORDevery reason to believe that substantial foundations have been laid for a most progressive workduring the spring quarter and especially for thework next fall.The officers for the year 190 1-2 are:President — Lee Osborne Scott.Vice-President — Thomas Johnston Hair.Secretary — Lynne John Bevan.General Secretary — William J. Parker.VIII. THE YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION.The executive committee for this year has beencomposed of the following officers and chairmen:President — Margaret G. Coulter.Vice-President and Chairman of Membership Committee— Florence Miller.General Secretary — M. Ethel Freeman.Corresponding Secretary and Chairman Inter-CollegiateCommittee — Mildred French.Treasurer and Chairman of Finance Committee — JessieSherman.Recording Secretary — Cecile Belle Bowman.Chairman of Religious Meetings Committee — Mrs. H.B. Sharman.Chairman of Missionary Committee — Edna Dunlap.' Chairman of Bible Study Committee —. Emily Sinclair.Chairman of Publication Committee — Mary E. Blair.Chairman of Social Committee — Edna Stephens.We have a present membbrship of 115.We have held 31 meetings with an averageattendance of 42.This year we have started five Bible classes,three in the halls (Green, Beecher, and Foster),and two among girls who are boarding in town.These classes have been felt to be very helpful.A mission-study class has also been startedsince the Toronto convention.Our greatest hopes for the future lie in oursecretary. The association is also hoping forrooms some time in the near future.Much time and effort has been spent by theAdvisory Board in raising $500 for a secretary'ssalary and for association purposes. This moneyhas been almost raised, and the Advisory Boardhope to have the office filled by April 1. Themembers of the board are: Professor Shailer Mathews, Chairman.Professor John M. Coulter.Mrs. George S. Goodspeed.Mrs. Frank J. Miller.Mrs. Charles R. Henderson.Mrs. James W. Thompson.Miss Marion Talbot.Miss Gertrude Dudley.Miss Anne Reid.Miss Davida Harper.Miss Margaret G. Coulter {ex officio).Miss Ethel Freeman {ex officio).Cecile Belle Bowman,Recording Secretary.IX. THE STUDENTS' ASSOCIATIONof the Divinity School of the University of Chicago.The object of this association is to promotethe general welfare of the students of the DivinitySchool; to represent their interests before thefaculty of the Divinity Schopl and in the University at large ; and to co-operate with all forms ofchristian activity with which the association maycome into corporate relation.It has carried out its purpose with ease andcredit during the past year. Chapel exerciseshave been observed each day from 10 : 30-11:00a.m., with some member of the Faculty or a visitingpastor in charge. Inter-seminary friendship hasbeen promoted by banquets and athletic contests.The association has been represented by delegatesin all the large conventions of interest to theDivinity students. Throughout the year themoral and spiritual life of the members has beenthe very best.The officers are :President — J. C. Hazen.Vice-President — A. T. Burns.Secretary — J.S.Andrews.Treasurer — W. J. Trimble.The above named officers, with Messrs. Hoag,Bailey, Hart, Cunningham and Parsons, composethe Divinity Council.UNIVERSITY RECORD 409CONFERENCES FRANCAISES.M. HUGUES LE ROUX.Depuis longtemps l'Universite de Chicago areconnu l'avantage qu'il y aurait d'etablir a Chicago des conferences francaises regulieres, nonseulement pour les etudiants, mais aussi pour legrand nombre, toujours croissant, des personnesqui s'interessent aux choses francaises.Deja P Alliance Francaise a inaugure ces conferences qui ont lieu chaque samedi a midi et demia l'University College, Fine Arts Building, et quirepondent evidemment a un besoin reel, car ellesgagnent tous les jours dans la faveur du public.Pour donner a cette idee tout le developpementqu'elle comporte, l'Universite et 1'Alliance Francaise ont demande, pour cette annee, le concoursde deux des plus brillants conferenciers francais,MM. Leopold Mabilleau et Hugues Le Roux.M. Huges Le Roux, ecrivain charmant, journalists infatigable, explorateur intrepide, le frin-gant auteur de Tout pour PHonneur, Marins etSoldats, Gens de Poudre, etc., Pintelligent et pr£-voyant patriote qui nous a donne Je DeviensColon, Nos Fits [que feront-ils ?), Nos Filles (qu'enferons-nous?), etc., I5 artiste sincere et le fin ob-servateur qui est une des gloires de l'esprit francais, le titulaire de la conference Hyde pourPannee 1902, fera douze conferences, dont uneserie de six a l'Universite, et l'autre serie de sixen ville.La premiere serie a pour titre general " Ecri-vains du XIXe Siecle" (lieu des conferences:Universite de Chicago, Cobb Lecture Hall, A6),4 : 00 p. m., avec les sous-titres suivants :1. Flaubert, comme peintre de la France du nord. 22avril.II. Daudet, comme peintre de la France du midi. 23avril.III. Maupassant, comme peintre de l'instinct de la race.24 avril.IV. Bourget, comme peintre de la socie*te" parisiennecosmopolite. 25 avril.V. Zola, a-t-il peint un cote* ge*ne*ral de l'humanit€ ou unaspect particulier de la socidte" frangaise ? 28 avril. VI. Anatole France, comme liquidateur de la socie'te*bourgeoise sortie de la Revolution. 29 avril.La'seconde serie a pour titre general "Voyageset Impressions" (lieu des conferences : FineArts Building, salle 439), avec les sous-titres suivants :VII. Une visite a Ibsen. 21 avril, 8 : 00 p. M.VIII. Les saltimbanques et le thedtre forain. 22 avril,8 : 00 P. M.IX. Les enfants des rues de Paris., 24 avril, 8 : 00 P. M.X. Femmes du midi. 26 avril, 12 :oo M.XI. La vraie Parisienne. 28 avril, 8 : 00 p. m.XII. Une visite a Vempereur Menelik (projections). 29avril, 8 : 00 p. m.Tickets, free of charge, can be secured by allmembers of the University, at the University Extension Office, Cobb Hall, A 5, or at the rooms ofthe Alliance Francaise, Fine Arts Building.THE ALUMNI.NOTES AND COMMUNICATIONS.John F. Hagey, '98, is in the legal departmentof the First National Bank of Chicago.Roberta I. Brotherton, '99, is teacher of sciencein a private school in Minneapolis, Minn.Max Batt, Ph.B. '97, Ph.D. '01, has been appointed to the chair of German in Parsons college, Iowa.Fred Merrifield, A.B. '98, D.B. '01, has accepted a call to the Scribner St. Baptist Church,Grand Rapids, Mich.Louis B. Joralmon, '93, secretary of the DenverAlumni Club, has transferred his real estate business to Salt Lake City, Utah.Scott Brown, '97, vice principal of Chautauqua,has given up his law practice in order to devotehis entire time to Chautauqua work.Norman D. Harris, Ph.D. '01, has acceptedthe chair of Political Science and History at Lawrence University, Appleton, Wis. Mr. Harris isspending the year in Europe and will enter uponthe work of his new position in the fall.410 UNIVERSITY RECORDFrederick G. Mutterer, '02, formerly of ElginAcademy, has accepted the chair of German inthe Indiana State Normal, Terre Haute, Ind.The thesis of Frank G. Franklin, Ph.D. '01,was read by outline at the last meeting"* of theAmerican Historical Association at Washington,D. C. An abstract of the thesis will appear inthe forthcoming issue of the Proceedings of theAssociation..Erwin W. E. Roessler, '01, has been appointedto the position in Elgin Academy recently madevacant by the election of Frederick G. Mutterer,'02, to a position in the Indiana State Normal.The following alumni have been appointed tofellowships for the year 1902-3 :Eliot Blackwelder, '01, Geology.Allen T. Burns, '97, Biblical Theology.Mayo Fesler, '97, History.Walter W. Hart, '01, Mathematics.Marion E. Hubbard, '94, Zoology.James Fleming Hosic, '02, English.Robert F. Hoxie, '93, Political Economy.Howard P. Kirtley, '00, Physiology,Moses M. Portis, '98, Pathology.Albert O. Shaklee, '99, Chemistry.Frank H. Westcott, '97, Physics.Charles Goettsch, '01, Germanic.Lutie R. Corwin, '00, Semitic.Kate Gordon, '00, Philosophy.Roy B. Nelson, '01, Sanskrit.The alumni list was increased at the Forty-firstConvocation, March 18, 1902, by the addition offifty-five names. The future addresses and positions (as far as known) are as follows :Beal, William Otis, S.M. '02. Tecumseh, Mich.Beckwith, Minnie Ada, A.B. '02. Teacher, 12 Home St., New London,Conn.Beifeld, Arthur Frederic, Ph.B. '02. Business, 4144 Grand Boul., Chicago.Brayton, Laura Thompson, Ph.B. '02. Teacher High School, 5342 Cornell av. , Chicago.Brooks, Jeannette Therese, S.B. '02. Teacher, 363 E. 43d st., Chicago.Carpenter, Ellen Lockwood, Ph.B. '02. Teacher, Monticello, Iowa.Chambers, Agnes Eleanor, Ph.B. '02. 839 West State St., Jacksonville,111.Chivers, Norman Moore, A.B. '02. Student Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology. 750 Carroll St., Brooklyn, N. Y.Coon, Albert Coit, A.B. '02. Law Student, Oswego, N. Y.David, Henri Charles Edouard, A.B. '02. 5827 Kimbark av., Chicago.Davies, Beatrice Irene, Ph.B. '02. Teacher, 587, LaSalle St., Chicago. DeSombre, William Ernest, Ph.B. '02. Second Lieutenant of ArtilleryU. S. Army, Fort Sheridan, 111. 'Dexter, John Reinman, Ph.B. '02. Law student, Wyoming, 111.Dobyns, Martha, Ph.B. '02. Teacher, Powell, Ohio.Dow, Helen Augasta, S.B. '02. Teacher (care of J. K. Dow) SpokaneWash,Gilchrest, Francis Harry, A.B. '02. Instructor Lewis Institute, 2644 N.Hermitage av., Chicago.Givens, John Paris, D.B. '02. Simmonsville, Va.Griffith, Katherine, Ph.B. '02. Teacher, 5800 Jackson av., Chicago.Hatai, Shinkishi, Ph.D. '02. Assistant University of Chicago, Chicago.Harper, Samuel Northrup, A.B. '02. 59th and Lexington av. Chicago.Henry, Robert Llewellyn, Jr., Ph.B. '02. Student University of Chicago,3656 Grand boul., Chicago.Hudson, Walter Lawrence, Ph.B. '02. Chicago Beach Hotel, Chicago.Hunter, Austin, D.B. '02. Clergyman, North Park Christian ChurchIndianapolis, Ind.Jackson, Jay Stanley, A.B, '02. 5607 Lexington av., Chicago.Jacobs, Mark Reginald, A.B. '02. Teacher, 5648 Wentworth av., Chicago.Kirk, Edwin Garvey, S.B. '02. Student University of Chicago. 695 E. 57thSt., Chicago.Levens, Lora, Ph.B. '02. Teacher, Albert Lea, Minn.Levy, Sylvanus George, Ph.B. '02. Law Student, 3238 Vernon av.,,Chicago.Lutz, Frank Eugene, A.M. '02. Laboratory Assistant University of Chicago, Chicago.Mead, Annie Minerva, Ph.B. '02. Assistant John Crerar Library, 64Warren av., Chicago.Melton, George Lane, Ph.B. '02. Student University of Chicago, 5440.Ridgewood ct., Chicago.Mueller, Emma Dellert, Ph.B. J02. Teacher, 2160 Elm st., Dubuque, la;MacQuiston, Harvey Malcolm, Ph.B. '02. Foreman, Mexican MutualPlanters Co., San Juan Evangelista, Estado de Vera Cruz, Mexico.MacQuiston, Paul Donald, Ph.B. '02. Purchasing agent, Mexican Mutual Planters Co., San Juan Evangelista, Estado de Vera Cruz, Mexico.Nelson, Aubrey Percy, A.B. '02. Student, University of Chicago, DePrado Hotel, Chicago.Pace, Mary Annie, Ph.M. '02. Temple, Texas.Parsons, Everett Joseph, D.B. '02. Berlin, Wis.Rogers, Walter Stowell, Ph.B. '02. Private Secretary Crane Co., 991Jackson boul., Chicago.Sawtelle, Le Forest Waterman, Ph.B. '02. Teacher, Willamina, Ore.Schmidt, Emanuel, Ph.D. '02. 97 Middle Divinity, University of Chicago, Chicago.Sloan, Eliza Margaretta, Ph.B. '02. 605 W. 61st place, Chicago.Smith, Charlotte Dillingham, Ph.B. '02. 230 E. 47th st., Chicago,Thompson, Carl Dean, A.M. '02. Clergyman. Denver, Colo.Thorns, Alexander P., Jr., S.B. '02.. Observer, United States WeatherBureau, Chicago.Tierney, Mary Elizabeth, S.B. '02. Teacher, 10746 Torrence av., Chicago.Waite, Claire Luther, D.B. '02. Student, 136 Divinity Hall, University* of Chicago, Chicago.Wells, Frances Banister, Ph.B. '02. Teacher High School, 462 Washington boul., Chicago.Wilson, Paul Caldwell, Ph.B. '02. 2922 Prairie av., Chicago.Work, Monroe Nathan, Ph.B. '02. Student, 72 Divinity Hall, University of Chicago, Chicago.Wright, Howard Foster, D.B. '02. Clergyman, 505 Raymond St., Chicago.Wright, Peter Clark, D.B. '02. Clergyman, Norwich, Conn.Yocum, Georgia Louise, S.M. '02. College Park, Md.UNIVERSITY RECORD 411ANNUAL DINNER OF THE NEBRASKA ALUMNI CLUB.The Nebraska University of Chicago Club heldits third annual banquet February 15, at the Lincoln Hotel, Lincoln, Neb., Sixty persons satdown at the table. This large number indicatesthe rapid growth of the club and the growinginterest in the University. Professor J. LaurenceLaughlin, of the University, was the guest ofhonor.The following toasts were given : "The University as a Teacher of Teachers," by William A.Clark, Ph.D., '00, President of the State Normal,Peru, Neb.; "Sister Universities," by ChancellorE. Benjamin Andrews, of the University of Nebraska ; " Private Schools Affiliated," by AlfredM. Wilson, '84, of Lincoln Academy ; " The University of Chicago in the ^o's," by ex-Mayor A.H. Weir, a student at one time in the old University ; " Our Friends the Enemy," by AlbertWatkins, the eminent review writer; "The University," by Professor J. Laurence Laughlin.Chancellor Andrews made a strong plea for University brotherhood. Mr. Watkins gave an interesting and witty toast, emphasizing Wisconsin'sfootball success over Chicago. Professor Laughlin gave an interesting talk on the conditions andprospects of the University. Dean Frank Saunders, of the Yale Divinity School, was present,and in an extremely pleasing talk paid a hightribute to the University of Chicago and President Harper.Charles H. Gordon, Ph.D. '95, superintendentof schools in Lincoln, was chosen president, andMiss Belle Wilson of Omaha, secretary, for theyear 1902-3.A reception was given to Professor Laughlinthe previous evening, at the home of Professor J.Langworthy Taylor, president of the club, atwhich between two and three hundred personswere present.The meeting was by far the most successful-one yet held, due in great measure to the effortsof President Taylor. ANNUAL BANQUET OF THE EASTERN ALUMNI CLUB.The fourth annual reunion and banquet of theEastern Alumni Club was held at the Hotel Manhattan, New York city, on Friday evening, March2i. President Harper was the guest of honor.Alumni from the old University, the MorganPark Seminary, and from the University werepresent ; also a number who at some time attendedthe University. Seating at the banquet followedthe year of graduation.The speakers of the evening were ; Fred PerryPowers, '71, President of the Club; Thomas DaySeymour ; Howard B. Grose, of Boston ; ElmerE. Brown, of California; Professor Edwin S.Meade, of the University of Pennsylvania ; AlfredW. Wishart, of Trenton, N. J.; Dr. Billings, Deanof Rush Medical College, and President Harper, ofthe University.A business meeting preceded the banquet, atwhich the following officers were elected for theyear, 1902-3 :President — General Thomas J. Morgan, ex-commissionerof Indian affairs. •First Vice-President — Professor C. L. Bristol, Ph.D. '97,of New York University.v Second Vice-President — Professor Gordon F. Hull, Ph.D.'97, of Dartmouth College.Third Vice-President— Rev. A. W. Wishart, of Trenton,N. J.Treasurer — Ira W. Rubel, A.B. '81, 318 Broadway, N. Y.Secretary — Professor Paul Monroe, Ph.D. '97, of Columbia University.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO ALUMNI CLUB AT HARVARD,University of Chicago alumni attending Harvard met together on March, 14 and organized"The University of Chicago Alumni Club atHarvard."The following men were present :Ralph L. Dougherty, '97 Harvard, 3 years, LawHarvey A. Peterson, '97 Harvard, 3 years, Grad.Percy B. Eckhart, '99 Harvard, 3 years, LawChas. S. Eaton, '00 Harvard, 2 years, LawRalph C. Manning, '00 Harvard,.. 2 years, LawBenjamin Samuels, 'oo Harvard, 2 years, LawChas. B. Van Wie, '00 Harvard, 2 years, Grad.412 UNIVERSITY RECORDAlexander J. G. Dowie/oo Harvard, 2 years, LawEarl C. Hales, 'oo Harvard, 2 years, LawDonaldS. McWilliams,'o 1 Harvard, 1 years, LawDonald R. Richberg, '01 Harvard, 1 years, LawGeo. W. Kretzinger, 'oi Harvard, 1 years, LawA number of the Alumni who were unable toattend expressed their hearty approval of the plans.A constitution was adopted and the followingofficers were elected for the ensuing year :President — Charles S. Eaton, '00.Vice-President — Ralph L. Dougherty, '97.Secretary — Earl C. Hales, '00.Executive Committee : Percy B. Eckhart, '99 ; Ralph C.Manning, '00; Donald R. Richberg, '01.The plan is to hold at least three meetings ayear, for the purpose of introducing the membersto each other, and creating a closer feeling of sympathy and good fellowship among the alumni inHarvard.Another purpose of the club is the promotionand, the organization of a New England AlumniClub. An early meeting of all the alumni in andabout Boston will be called in furtherance of thisobject. The decision will be left with the permanent alumni in the New England States.The constitution, adopted, provides for theadmission of former students, not graduates, asassociate members.The meeting was a most enthusiastic one andthe success of the club is assured.The following communications have been received and are herewith published at the requestof their authors:President Harper, University of Chicago, Chicago, Lll.:Dear Sir : The Chicago Tribune of February 25, 1902,reporting my humble remarks at a meeting of the Teachers'Federation in the Masonic Temple, Monday, February 24,has for some reason not understood by me, suggested acriticism against the University of Chicago. In the headlines it says: "Calls the University a menace," and in thebody of the report it says : "The speaker criticised theUniversity as a threat to public schools."It must be that acoustic properties of the hall are bad,for there was nothing in my remarks that could possibly be so interpreted. I read from manuscript, and the passage referred to is as follows : " What shall we say of a city thatis stingy in affairs that affect the life and happiness of herchildren, while accepting from an alien and a stranger, giftsto education so generous as to excite the wonder of theworld."It is extremely mortifying to me that an institution likeyours, known among school men throughout the country tostand for the betterment of education in all its branches,and for adequate payment for those engaged "in this workshould be made to appear the subject of criticism by aspeaker urging similar policy upon a city school board.I have written the Tribune asking them kindly to makethe correction, and, if consistent with your wishes, will youhand this letter to the University Record, and do me agreat favor ?Respectfully,Wm. McAndrew.Chicago, March 7, 1902.To the Editor of the University Record, University of Chicago:Dear Sir : Through your assistance we desire to presentto every member of the Faculty, and to every student of theUniversity, some facts in regard to the contest that has beengoing on in Hyde Park against the saloon for the last fortyyears. A part of the result obtained is a district (in whichthe University is located) comprising about twelve squaremiles of territory where there never has been a licensedsaloon, and about thirty-four square miles in which a stronglocal option ordinance is in force.Hyde Park was annexed to Chicago in 1889, and in ashort time the first attempt was made to break down the prohibition district by compelling the Mayor of Chicago togrant a license for a dram-shop in that district. A factwhich will interest your many readers and the Faculty andstudents of the University is this : The Supreme Court ofthe State of Illinois decided in favor of the prohibition district, and this grand decision was written and delivered bythe Hon. Joseph M. Bailey, now deceased, one of the firstTrustees of the University of Chicago.The Hyde Park Protective Association was organized in1890, and has led in this contest since that time. In addition to the decision already referred to, it has assisted incarrying four cases to the Illinois Supreme Court, all ofwhich have been decided favorably to our cause.The last one was the Germania Case, handed down onthe 2 1st of February, 1902.On account of the want of action by the police department, the association has been obliged to prosecute hundreds of violators of the law. It has prosecuted before theCivil Service Commissioners one inspector of this district, acaptain, and a lieutenant. The work has cost in cash, since1890, about thirty thousand dollars, and over one hundredUNIVERSITY RECORD 413thousand dollars has been given by friends of the cause intime and work.We need and ask the help of your valuable publicationand its many readers in Hyde Park. We have furnishedfor the Faculty two hundred copies of our last report, whichcan be found at the Bureau of Information, and can be hadthere.We quote, herewith, from the decision referred to, writtenby lustice Bailey. (Yours very truly,Arthur Burrage Farwell,Secretary.Quotation from decision written and delivered by lusticeJoseph M. Bailey, of the Illinois Supreme Court :The People ex rel. Michael J. Morrisonv.DeWitt C. Cregier, Mayor.Filed at Ottawa, October 31, 1891.138th 111., Page 401."Thus, we are unable to see how the fact alleged in thereplication that the prohibited district created by the ordinance embraces large tracts of unoccupied or partially occupied lands is of any materiality as bearing upon that subject,unless we admit, which we certainly do not, that dram shopsconstitute an agency specially and peculiarly appropriateand necessary in stimulating and bringing about the improvement and occupancy of vacant areas within the municipal boundaries."" Many reasons other than the proximity of . religious,educational, or eleemosynary institutions may exist which render it desirable and reasonable that a particular neighborhood be kept free from the influences of dram-shops, anduntil it is shown that no such reason exists, it can not besaid that the inclusion of such neighborhood in a prohibiteddistrict is unreasonable."" The tendency of the liquor traffic is so completely shownby all human experience that from an early day said traffichas been subjected in this state to the surveillance and control of the police power, and we presume such has been the casein most if not all civilized communities. The right, therefore,to engage in this business and to be protected by law in itsprosecution can no longer be claimed as a common-lawright, but is a right which can be exercised only in the manner and upon the terms which the statute prescribes. Therefusal to license deprives no man of any personal or property right, but merely deprives him of a privilege which it isin the discretion of the municipal authorities to grant or xwithhold. It also follows that to adopt the policy of prohibition requires no affirmative act on the part of the authorities authorized to provide for granting licenses. Mere nonaction on their part of itself results in prohibition."" We see no possible ground for doubting the validity ofthis statute or its applicability to the ordinance of the villageof Hyde Park in force at the time of the annexation creating prohibited districts. By it that ordinance was continued in force notwithstanding the annexation, and was placedbeyond repeal by the city council of the City of Chicagoexcept by consent of the voters of said districts. Said ordinance thus remaining in force, the Mayor of Chicago hadand could have no power to grant a license to keep a dramshop at the place designated by the relator in his petition^that being within one of said prohibited districts."" Under no view of the case is the relator entitled to hismandamus, and the judgment of the Circuit Court refusingto grant him said writ and dismissing his petition was clearlyright and must be affirmed." Judgment affirmed.GENEEAL INDEXVOL. VI. APRIL, 1901 — APRIL, 1902Abbott, Frank F., Address at the Thirty-eighth Convocation 106Academy at Morgan Park, The 147, 199Adams, George E., Presentation Address of NancyFoster Hall ; Address at the Thirty-eighth Convocation 92, 110Address List, The University 286Addresses at Convocation 1, 104, 181, 294, 369Recent, by Members of the Faculties. . 15, 172, 173, 357Admission to the University of Chicago, ExaminationPapers Offered for, December, 1901 337Alliance Francaise, Announcements of Courses 174, 175President's Statement concerning 192Alumnae, Chicago, Club Meeting 276Alumni, Additions to Directory .4, 70, 203, 318, 410Appointments Secured by. 202, 320, 409Association, Rush Medical College, Officers 164Eastern Reunion . 5, 41 1Election to the University Congregation 70Exercises of Alumni Day, 1901 62Nebraska Reunion 5, 41 1Harvard Reunion 411Necrology 70Notes and Communications ... .3, 13, 67, 176, 200,274, 280, 317, 365, 409Obituaries 7, 14, 70, 275, 366Officers of 65, 281Recent Articles Published by ...... , 202, 275Representatives in the University Congregation,1900, 1901 . 175Representation on the Board of Trustees 70Of Rush Medical College 163American Society for the Extension of UniversityTeaching 225Colony at Rome 317Anderson, Frederick L., Address at Presentation ofthe Bust of Dr. Northrup to the University 263Andrews, E. Benjamin, The Social Need of Greek . . 26Is Religion Progressing in Influence ? 136Recipient of Honorary Degree 121Annual Contest in Oratory, Rules and Regulations. . . . 277University Debate 312 Appointments on the University Staff Made :During Spring and Summer Quarters, 1901 198During Autumn Quarter, 1901 302During Winter Quarter, 1902 389Appointments secured by Alumni and Graduate Students 202, 320, 409Obtained through Bureau of Recommendations . . . 197Articles, Recent, by Members of the Faculties. .15, 172,272, 361By Members of Rush Medical Faculty 165By Alumni 202, 275Attendance :Spring Quarter, 1901 125Summer Quarter, 1901 189Autumn Quarter, 1901 300Winter Quarter, 1902 383Statistics for the Year 1900-1 195Average Man's Outlook in a Non-Competitive Society . 369Award of Fellowships and Scholarships 1, 119, 392Baccalaureate Address, Spring Quarter, 1901 127Bailey, Thomas Pearce 243Barnes, C. R., Religious Work at the University ofChicago 395Bartlett Gymnasium, Corner-Stone Ceremony 310Bestor, Arthur Eugene, Address at Thirty-eighthConvocation 109Presentation of Douglas Memorial Tablet, Address at 74Biology, Field Work in 191Books Published by Members of the Faculties, 16, 173, 273, 360Rush Medical Faculty 165Botany, Field Work in 192Briefs on Propositions to be Considered by the University Congregation at its Twenty-fifth Meeting . . 19Of Ph.D. Theses . . 313Bureau of Recommendations 196Appointments since April, 1901 197Butler, Nicholas Murray, Address at the OfficialOpening of the School of Educa on 6UNIVERSITY RECORD 415Cambon, Jules, Le r61e des Universite"s dans la formation de l'ide*e nationale 49Cambon Jules, Recipient of Honorary Degree 121Cast of Characters in Students' Performance of "AsYou Like It" .... .". ...... 80Chamberlin, T. C, Address at Congregation Dinner. 95Changes in Announcements of Courses : Winter Quarter, 1902 319In the Constitution of the Christian Union 22Chapel Addresses 329, 354Assemblies. ' 395Chicago Alumnae Club Meeting 276Alumni Club Dinner 281Baptist Social Union's Resolutions in Tribute ofDr. Northrup 267Christian Theology, The Outlook for 58Union :Changes in the. Constitution 22Constitution , 397Officers of 397Purpose and Method 396Clarke, W. N., The Outlook for Christian Theology. . 58Clarke, W. N., Recipient of Honorary Degree 121Class-Day Exercises, 1901 72Clinical Building: Senn Hall 157College Development, The next Steps in 35Of Commerce and Administration, Establishmentand Work of 200, 304, 389Open Lectures before 277, 389Work and Professional Schools 3°Commons Corner-Stone Ceremony 84Comparative Attendance Statements:. Summer Quarters 19°Autumn Quarters 300Winter Quarters 3^3Conferences, Educational 26Conferences /Francaises :M. Leopold Mabilleau 334M. Hugues LeRoux 409Congratulatory Letter of the Senate and the Faculties tothe Faculties of thejohns Hopkins University. . . 359Congregation, University:The Twenty-fourth Meeting ." 2The Twenty-fifth Meeting 174Contests in Declamation, Rules and Regulations . . 278Convocation :The Thirty-seventh . . , IThe Thirty-eighth 103The Thirty-ninth 181The Fortieth 293The Forty-first .. 3^9Convocation Sunday Exercises, Spring. Quarter, 1901. .. 125 Corner-Stone and Dedication Ceremonies 81, 157, 310Crane Lectureship on Russian Literature aud Institutions i48, 391Current Events and General Notes 175, 320, 412Dano-Norwegian Theological Seminary, Closing Exercises, 1901 12Davenport University Extension Centre 228Decennial Celebration of the University:Class Day Exercises 73Conferring of Honorary Degrees 120Convocation Day Exercises 87Corner-Stone and Dedication Ceremonies 81Educational Conferences 26Exercises of Alumni Day 64Exercises of Convocation Sunday 125General Features of the Celebration 25Junior College Day 77Meeting of Phi Beta Kappa 80Official Delegates to the Centennial Celebration. . 123Official Opening of the School of Education 61Social side of the Celebration 95Students' : "As you like It " 77Thirty-eighth Convocation 103Decennial Publications, The 331, 385Declamation, Contests in 278Dedication of Nancy Foster Hall 91Degrees Conferred 1, 119, 190Honorary, conferred 120Departmental Scholarships 278, 332Development of Physical Chemistry 38Difficulty of Religion, The 329Documents deposited in corner stones of new buildings81,83,85,86,87,89, 157, 311Dods, Marcus, The Gospel Miracles 54Address at Convocation Dinner 99Is Religion Progressing in Comprehension? 130Dods, Marcus, Recipient of Honorary Degree 122Douglas, Stephen A., Memorial tablet 4Presentation of 74Earthly Immortality 354Educational Conferences 26Education and Labor 181Education and Specialization 51Examination Papers offered for Admission to the University of Chicago, December, 1901 337Examinations for Junior and Senior College Scholarships 278, 332For Graduate Scholarships 332Exercises of Alumni Day 64Extension Work at the University of Chicago 205Extra-Mural Clinics of Rush Medical College 162416 UNIVERSITY RECORDFellows, George Emory . . . . » 241Fellowships, Award of, 1901-2 1, 1191902-3 392Fenger, Dr. Christian, Obituary of 386Fenneman, Nevin Melancthon, Brief of Thesis 314Faculties, The 15, 171. 272,316, 357Address List , . , 286Final Examinations for Higher Degrees 173Foster, Mrs. Nancy Smith, Obituary of 281, 302Geology, Field Work in . . 192German University Life 325Germanic Studies in the University of Chicago 19Gildersleeve, B. L., Education and Specialization 51Gildersleeve, B. L., Recipient of Honorary Degree 122Goodspeed, T. W., Personal Recollections and Impressions of Dr. Northrup 255Goodwin, W. W., , Address at Congregation Dinner. . 98Goodwin, W, W., Recipient of Honorary Degree 122Gospel Miracles, The . . . . 54Greek, The Social Need of 26Gregory, Caspar Rene, Education and Labor 181Gunsaulus, Frank W., Address at Corner-Stone Ceremony of the Frank Dickinson Bartlett Gymnasium 311Henderson, Charles Richmond, Professor GeorgeWashington Northrup 249Recent Impressions of German University Life 325Higher Life, The, and Religion 127Hirsch, Emil G.. Address at the Ceremony of the Corner-Stone Laying of Mandel Hall 89Is Religion Progressing in Practice ? 132Hitchcock Hall, Corner-Stone Ceremony 82Honorary Degrees Conferred at the Decennial Celebra-bration 120Honors and Prizes Awarded 1, 1 18Hospital- Ward Teaching at Rush Medical College 161Hovey, Alvah, Memorial Tribute to Dr. Northrup 265Howerth, Ira Woods 243Hulbert, Eri B., Is Religion Progressing in Numbers? 128Dr. Northrup as a Teacher and TheologicalThinker 258Hutchinson, Charles E., Address at CongregationDinner • . 96Illustrations :Douglas Memorial Tablet, opposite page 24Old University of Chicago, opposite page 64Charles Hitchcock Hall, opposite page 124George Washington Northrup, opposite pages 249, 264Influence of Universities Upon Historial Writing 294 Instructors in Residence :Summer Quarter, 1901 jggInstructors on Leave of Absence :Autumn Quarter, 1901 308Winter Quarter, 1902 385International Student Convention, Toronto 335Is Religion Progressing? I28Jameson, J. Franklin, The Influence of Universitiesupon Historical Writing 294Jebb, Sir Richard, The University Extension Movement 211Johnson, Herrick, Memorial Tribute to Dr. Northrup 266Joseph Leiter Prize n8Judd, Arthur M., The Davenport University Extension Centre 228Junior College Day, 1901 77Kittredge, George Lyman, The Plot of King Lear 50Kittredge, George Lyman, Recipient of HonoraryDegree 122Kovalevsky, Maxime, Crane-Lecturer for 190 1 148Laughlin, J. Laurence, The Work of the Press 81Law, The School of 307, 389Leon Mandel Assembly Hall, Corner-Stone Ceremony 89Library, Report of :Accessions 7, 178, 194, 275, 314, 394Special Gifts 8, 178, 194, 275, 315, 394Livingston, Burton Edward, Brief of Thesis 313Local Centre, Organization of University Extension . . . 206Financing a 221MacClintock, W. D., The Students' "As You LikeIt."! • 77MacLean, George E., The Relation of ProfessionalSchools and College Work 30MacVeagh, Franklin, Acceptance of Douglas Memorial Tablet for the University 75Mandel, Leon, Donor of the Assembly Hall 89Mathews, Shailer, The Wisdom of the New Testament 126Matriculation :Spring Quarter, 1901 124Summer Quarter, 1901 189Autumn Quarter, 1901 300Winter Quarter, 1902 383Medical Instruction :Aim and Outlook , • I51Number of Record 151Professorial Lectures 334Work at the University. 200Meeting of Phi Beta Kappa 80, 281UNIVERSITY RECORD 417Memorial Number to Dr. Northrup 249Tributes to Dr. Northrup 265Mitchell, John J., Donor of the University Tower 86Modern College, Problems of the . .... 35Morgan Park Academy, The 147President's statement concerning 199Moulton, Richard Green, Address at the Ceremonyof the Corner-Stone Laying of the Tower 86The Wisdom of the Apocrypha. 126rMoulton, Richard Green 239Nancy Foster Hall, Dedication Exercises 91National Government and Higher Education and Research 40New Departure in Medical Instruction : Aim and Outlook 151Next Steps in College Development, The 35Non-Competitive Society and the Outlook of the Average Man 369Northrup, George W., Alumni Resolution in Memoryof 65Memorial Number of Record 249Northrup, Dr., as a Teacher and Theological Thinker. . 258As an Administrator and Friend 260Obituaries :Brown, Carter van Vleck , 275Coon, John J 7, 14Fenger, Christian • • • • 386Foster, Mrs. Nancy Smith 281, 302Glascock, William Henry 366Northrup, George Washington 255Parker, Francis W 385Poulson, Edwin Lee 275Shimer, Mrs. Frances A. Wood 283Shirk, Granville C 14Taft, Mrs. Laura Willard v 14Wilson, James K /. 7Officers of Alumni Association, 1 90 1-2 65Of the Christian Union 397Of the Divinity School Students' Association 408Of Rush Medical Alumni Association 164Of the Woman's Union of the University of Chicago 335Of the Young Men's Christian Association, and theYoung Women's Christian Association 408Official Delegates to the Decennial Celebration 123Notices 173, 277, 278, 332Opening of the School of Education 61Reports :Actions of University Ruling Bodies .... 16, 144, 270Brief of Theses of Burton Edward Livingstonand Nevin Melancthon Fenneman 313 Committee upon the Reorganization of the Faculties 321Dano-Norwegian Theological Seminary 12Library 7, 178, 194, 275, 314, 394Morgan Park Academy 147University Extension Division 205Yerkes Observatory 139Zoological Club , ¦ 9Resolutions in Tribute of the Late ProfessorNorthrup, by the :Board of Trustees of the Divinity School of theUniversity 268Senate of the University 267Open Lectures , 191, 277Oratory, Annual Contest in 277Original Research at Rush Medical College 160Outlook for Christian Theology, The 58Outlook for the Average Man, in a Non- Competitive Society 369Palmer, Mrs. Alice Freeman, Address at Dedicationof Nancy Foster Hall 92Paris Congress of Higher Education 214Parker, Francis W., Address in Connection with theOpening of School of Education 64Parker, Francis W., Obituary of 385Peck Prize Awarded . 1,118Personal Recollections and Impressions of Dr. Northrup 255Phi Beta Kappa Meeting 80Meeting of Beta of Illinois Chapter 281Physical Chemistry, Development of 38Pickering, Edward Charles, Recipient of HonoraryDegree '. 122Plot of King Lear 50President, TheAcceptance of Nancy Foster Hall on Behalf of theUniversity 92Address at Congregation Dinner 103Address at Convocation Sunday . . 125Address at the Thirty-eighth Convocation 114Baccalaureate Address 127Dr. Northrup as an Administrator and Friend. ... 260Introductory Statements in Connection with Corner-Stone and Dedication Ceremonies 81, 82, 84, 86,87, 89, 91, 310Quarterly Statements 188, 300, 383Welcome to Educational Conferences 26Prizes Awarded 1, 118Problems of the Modern College 33Professional Schools, the Relation of, to College Work 30Professor George W. Northrup, D.D., LL.D 249Programme of the :Autumn Finals and the Winter Convocation, 190 1 279Forty-first Convocation 364418 UNIVERSITY RECORDPromotions in Staff of the University:Spring and Summer Quarters, 1901 199Autumn Quarter, 1901 ..... 302Winter Quarter, 1902. .386Public Libraries and University Extension ....... 206, 217Publications of the University of Chicago Press sinceJanuary 1,1901 367The Decennial .331, 385Quarterly Statements of the President of the University 188, 300, 383Appointments and Promotions 198, 302, 386Attendance 124, 189, 300, 383Budget Receipts of the University and Disbursements for the Year Ending June 30, 190-1 196Buildings and Grounds, Autumn Quarter .... 306Bureau of Recommendations . 196College of Commerce and Administration .... 304, 389Crane, Lecturer for 1902 391Fellows, Distribution of, 190 1-2 . . 196Fellowships 1, 119Field Work in Geology, Botany, and Biology,Summer Quarter, 1901 191Financial Statements for Year Closing June 30, 1901 301Gifts and Donations. 309, 391Gifts and Payments on Gifts, 1 900-1 196Graduation, Summer Quarter, 1901 190Institutions from which University Fellows haveCome , , . 198Laboratory Elementary School 304Law School, Statement Concerning 307, 389MacVeagh, Mr. Franklin, the New Trustee 301Marshalls, The 390The Medical Work . .. . 303Meteorological Summary, Summer, 1901 194Morgan Park Academy 199New Calendar Arrangement. , 194President James 390Registration and Instruction 124, 189, 300, 384School of Education. 304Statistics 127, 189, 300, 383Sunday Religious Service 193Technology, School of 308Titles, Conferred 1, 1 19, 190University College .... ...^ ........ .; 390University Extension Work 305University Open Lectures 191University Preachers 193, 386Women's Union, The 306Quarterly Examination System at Rush Medical College 159Raymond, Jerome Hall. 241Recent Impressions of German University Life 325 Recommendations, Bureau of Registration 124, 189, 300, 384Relation of Professional Schools to College Work, The. . . . 30Relations of the National Government to HigJier Education and Research 49Religion and the Higher Life. m I2LReligious Work at the University of Chicago ogrReport of the Committee Upon the Reorganization ofthe Faculties 021Of the Director of the Yerkes Observatory to theVisiting Committee . ...... 140Of the Divinity School Students' Association . ... . 408Of the University of Chicago Settlement 398.Of the Young Men's Christian Association 406Of the Young Women's Christian Association .... .408Reports of Actions of University Ruling Bodies :April, 1901 r6May and June, 1901 ^4July to October, 1901 270Resolutions in Tribute of the Late Professor Northrupby the :Chicago Baptist Social Union 267Faculty of the Newton Theological Institution. . 268Baptist Ministers Conference of Chicago 269Reviews, Recent by Members of the Faculties 16,172,273,362Rockefeller, John D., Address at CongregationDinner V 102Address at the Thirth-eighth Convocation . . . 112Rdle, Le, des Univer sites dans la formation de Videenationale 49Rules and Regulations Governing the :.Annual Contest in Oratory. 277Contests in Declamation. 278Rush Medical College and the University 156Alumni 163Extra-Mural Clinics 162Hospital-Ward Teaching . . . 161The New Examinations and the New Diploma 159Original Research .160Publications (1 900-1) by Members of Faculty. .... 165Students' Medical Society 1 64Russian Lectureship, The 148, 391Ryerson, Martin A, Address at Thirty-eighth Convocation , 104Sanders, HenryMartin, The Difficulty of Religion 329Earthly Immortality 354Scholarships Awarded 119Examinations inEnglish (Graduate Schools) 333English (Senior Colleges) ; 333UNIVERSITY RECORD 419German (Senior Colleges) 279Latin (Graduate Schools) 332Latin (Junior Colleges) 278, 333Mathematics (Graduate Schools) 333Mathematics (Senior Colleges) 333School of Education, Official Opening of. 61First Session 191New Appointments on Staff of 199School of Law, Establishment of 307, 389Senn, Nicholas, Recipient of Honorary Title of Masterof Surgery 164Senn Clinical Building 157Settlement, Report of the University of Chicago 398Shaw, Albert, The Outlook for the Average Man, ina Non-Competitive Society. 369Shimer, Mrs. Frances A. Wood, Obituary of . . . '. 283Shorey, Paul, Address at the Ceremony of the Corner-Stone Laying of Hitchcock Hall 82Small, Albion W., The Next Steps in College Development 35Address at Corner-Stone Laying of the Commons . 85Soares, Theo. G., University Tradition 66Social Need of Greek, The 26Social Side of Decennial Celebration. 95Sparks, Edwin Erie 241Specialization and Education 51Spring Quarter, 1901, Statistics 124Stagg, A. A., Address at Corner-Stone Ceremony ofBartlett Gymnasium 310Starr, Associate Professor, Recent Work in Mexico 148, 171Statistical Report of the University Extension Division,1892-1901 244Statistics of Attendance 124, 189, 300, 383For the Year 1900-1 195Stires, Ernest M., The Obligation of the ChristianCollege Student to the Young Man of Today. . ... 139Strong, Augustus H., Memorial Tribute to Dr.Northrup 265Student Organizations 318Students' Club House, Corner-Stone Ceremony 87Medical Society of Rush College 164Performance of "As You Like It " 77Summer Meeting of University Extension 206Quarter, 1901, Statistics 189Sunday Services 395Terry, Milton S., Memorial Tribute to Dr. Northrup 267Thanksgiving Day Service 310Thwing, Charles E., Problems of the Modern College a 33Titles and Degrees Conferred 2, 119, 190, 313Honorary 120, 164 Tower, Corner-Stone Ceremony 86Transfer of the Two (First and Second Year Medical)Classes from Rush Medical College to the University , 152Troop, J. G. Carter. 242Turner, Frederick J., Introductory Words at theFortieth Convocation 293Universities and the National Idea 49University Address List 286Chaplain, The 396College 390Congregation, see Congregation.Decennial Celebration 25University Extension :And New Teaching University of London, 209, 215, 234And Training for Citizenship 209Biblical Literature and History , 224Bibliography 245Brussels, Belgium 237Cambridge, England , 234Canton, 111., Centre 233College 215Comments on 246Davenport Centre 228Dayton, O., Centre 233Directing Club Work 224For the People 210For Whom is It Intended ? 208Free Lectures in New York city 227Home Reading Work in Russia 238Journal 210London Society for the Extension of UniversityTeaching 234Notes and Comments 205Organization of Local Centre 207, 221Oxford, England -. 236Personal Notes 239, 272Relation to Public Libraries 206, 217Statistical Report of the University of Chicago Division, 1892-1901 244Students' Clubs and Classes 222Summer Meeting , 206Ten Years of 207Toledo, O., Centre 232Traveling Libraries 210Victoria Institute, Manchester, England 236Vienna, Austria 237Work of the American Society for the Extension ofUniversity Teaching 225Work at the University of Chicago 205420 UNIVERSITY RECORDUniversity Open Lectures . . . . . . . 191, 277Preachers, Spring Quarter, 190 1, to Winter Quarter, 1902 193, 386, 395Press, Corner-Stone Ceremony 81Settlement, Report . . 398University's Exhibit at Pan-American Exposition 175Relation to Rush Medical College 152University Extension Movement, The 211University Prize in Orations . .'... . '. 118University Tradition . . .«. .... 66Van't Hoff, Jacob Henry, The Development ofPhysical Chemistry 38Van't Hoff, Jacob Henry, Recipient of Honorary Degree 123Vincent, George E. Address at the Ceremony of theCorner-Stone Laying of the Students' Club House 88Address at Congregation Dinner 97 Walcott, Charles D. The Relations of the NationalGovernment to Higher Education and Research 40Walcott, Charles Doolittle, Recipient of Honorary De-sree, ••• 123Willett, Herbert Lockwood 242 306Winter Quarter, 1902, Statistics. . . . . # 33-Wisdom of the Apocrypha 126Wisdom of the New Testament I2^Wisdom of the Old Testament %%% I2«Women in Rush Medical College . :. jr*Women's Union of the University of Chicago . . . „. 306, 335Yerkes Observatory : The First Annual Meeting of theVisiting Committee j ^gYoung Men's Christian Association 405Young Women's Christian Association 284, 408Zueblin, Charles . 240Zoological Club, Reports from the 9THEUniversity RecordOF€§z mttitarsitE of ChicagoFOUNDED BY JOHN D. ROCKEFELLERPUBLISHED IvIO]SrTE[lJY BY AUTHORITY¦CONFIDENTIAL NUMBER, APRIL, 1902REPORT OF ACTIONS OF UNIVERSITY RULING BODIESFOR APRIL, 1902.The Reports of Committees of the Faculties and Boards of theUniversity referred to in this schedule of the transactionsof the month are on file, and open to inspectionin the Recorder's Office.The University Senate:April j. — Voted i) That each department o£the University be authorized to print a conspectus of courses in its departmental programme.2) That the plan of the Decennial Publicationsbe extended to include the issue in book form inthe Decennial Series of separate treatises moreextended than the investigations, provided fundsshall be found for this purpose.3) That the official designation of the proposedLaw School be "The Law School of the University of Chicago," with the understanding that theadoption of this name is not an expression ofopinion as to the character of the school.4) That the Senate recommend to the Boardof Trustees of the University that the Senate beenlarged by the addition of such acting heads ofdepartments as shall be designated by the Boardof Trustees.5) To grant the request of the Beta of IllinoisChapter of Phi Beta Kappa that the names ofstudents elected to membership in Phi BetaKappa be printed upon the Convocation Programmes of the University.April 12. — Voted, in answer to the recommendation of the Senior College Faculty atits meeting of March 8, "that Library Sciencecourses offered by the Associate Librarian be allowed credit toward the Bachelor's degree," that,in the judgment of the Senate, it is not advisableto give credit in Library Science while as yet thework is not organized under a regular department.The University Council :April j. — Ordered i) That printed reports ofthe Faculty Actions of each month be sent to each instructor in the University not later thanthe Wednesday preceding the first Saturday ofeach month.2) That the Quarterly Announcements containing the schedule of courses shall hereafter goto the press on the 15th day of the second monthof each quarter.3) Appointment of a committee to considerquestions relating to distribution of Universityliterature : Mr. Butler, Mr. Vincent, Mr. Shepard-son, Mr. Newman Miller, Mr. F.J. Miller, Mr,Small.The United Faculties of Arts, Literature, and Science :First Meeting, April 26. — 1) Appointment of aspecial committee to report upon the numberand character of the standing committees ofthe faculty. 2) Presentation of the action ofthe Senate taken April 12 upon the recommendation of the Senior College Faculty ofMarch 8 "that courses in Library Science offeredby the Associate Librarian be allowed credittoward the Bachelor's 'degree", and referenceof this action to a committee. Mr. Catter-all, Chairman. 3) Reference of the followingresolution to a committee for consideration.Mr. -Tolman, Chairman. Resolved "That approval of the courses of study to be offered bycandidates for the degree of Master on the general plan shall be certified by each departmentconcerned to the Dean of the Graduate Schoolsbefore the student is accepted for candidacy."The Faculty of the Junior Colleges :April 12. — Appointment of standing committees :On Examinations : Mr. Alex. Smith, Chairman ; and allDepartmental examiners.On Public Exercises : Mr. Laing, Chairman ; Miss Rey,nolds, and Messrs. Blanchard, Hill, and Gale.On Scholarships: Mr. A. W. Moore, Chairman; andMessrs. C. Chandler, Allen, Dickson, and McCoy.2 UNIVERSITY RECORDOn Advanced Standing : Mr. Kern, Chairman ; andMessrs. Neff, Hendrickson, J. W. Thompson, and Hobbs.'On Curriculum : Mr. Vincent, Chairman; Miss Talbot andMessrs. Owen, Neff, A. W. Moore, Young, Davenport, Alex.Smith, Hatfield, and Mann.Also of the Commission on Revision of Entrance Requirements and Curricula of the JuniorColleges: Mr. Owen, Chairman; and Messrs. F. J.Miller, Kern, Herrick, Young, Salisbury, Bafnes,Catterall, Alex. Smith, Mann, and Vincent.The Committee on the Teaching of the Sexesin separate classes reported as follows : " Thecommittee without attempting to answer the educational question involved, expresses its judgmentthat from an administrative point of view theseparate instruction of the sexes is feasible, provided such instruction be of exactly the samegrade and quality for both men and women."The report was referred to the Committee onCurriculum and Instruction.The Department of History presented a recommendation concerning entrance requirements andexaminations in history. It was referred to theCommittee on Curriculum and Instruction withpower to approve and insert in the forthcomingissue of the Annual Register.The Faculty of the School of Education :April 12. — Reception of the reports of theCommittees on Curriculum and on Credits, Degrees, and Diplomas.The Faculty of the College of Commerce and Administration:First Meeting, April 26. — Appointment ofstanding committees On Public Lectures, Mr.Hatfield, Chairman. On Library and Museum,Mr. Vincent, Chairman. On Curriculum, Announcements, and (^A'duftlon, l^Tr. Laughlin,Chairman.The Board of the Christian Union :April 11. — Voted i) That during the monthof May admission to the Sunday service be byticket, to be distributed to the student body andto members of the faculties. 2) That the nameof Bishop Spalding, of Peoria, be placed uponthe list of University preachers.The Board of Physical Culture and Athletics.April 5. — Voted i) Approval of the suggestion of the Junibr College Council regardingfurther development of inter-university classgames and a broadening of inter-collegiate spirit. spring season. 3) Approval of list of memberswho have signed the list of eligibility as candidatesfor baseball and track teams. ' 4) Adoption of rule3 in the inter-collegiate athletic rules defining thefour years' playing of any student on any athleticteam. 5) Approval of the principle inyolved inrule 13 of the inter-collegiate athletic rules without formal adoption of it. 6) Acceptance of thecommunication from the Board of Athletic Control of Notre Dame University and instruction tothe Director of Physical Culture to reply to therequest of said university that the University ofChicago favors their participation in the Intercollegiate Conference Athletic Association Meet.7) Adoption of the Director's motion to retainMr. Patterson as Chicago's representative on theGraduate committee of the Inter-collegiate Conference. 8) Approval of the contract of a gamebetween Michigan and Wisconsin on MarshallField.April 26. — Appointment of Messrs. Cutting andStagg as the standing Committee of the Boardon Eligibility.The Board of the University Press.April 12 — Appointment of a committee of twoon recommendation of proper furnishings of theUniversity Press Building. The Director of thePress, Chairman, and Mr. Shepardson.The Board of University Affiliations.April iq, — Voted i) That in the opinion of^this Board, Butler College should be allowed toadmit students from other colleges on their recordsup to the beginning, of the Senior year, providedthat the credits so allowed be accepted by theUniversity ; it being understood that in return fdrthis privilege the college relinquishes - its right torecommend the best student in each class for theUniversity diploma without residence. 2) Thatthe Dean of Affiliations be requested to furnisheach quarter to each department lists of all newstudents entering from the co-operating schools sothat each instructor interested may receive a copyv3) The following high schools were approved asco-operating preparatory schools :Ohio — East, Lincoln, North and South of Cleveland,Canton, Findlay, arid Sandusky.Illinois — De Kalb and Sycamore.Indiana -^- Muncie.Wisconsin— Waukesha.