THEUniversity RecordOF. THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOFOUNDED BY JOHN D. ROCKEFELLERPUBLISHED MONTHLY BY AUTHORITYVol. VI FEBRUARY, 1902 No. 44CONTENTSRecent Impressions of German University Life. By-Professor C. R. Henderson ----- 325-329Chapel Address : Tke Difficulty of Religion - - 329-330The Decennial Publications ------ 331-332Official Notices - - _ 332-334Conferences Francaises. Par M. Leopold Mabilleau - 334-335The International Student Convention - - - - 335The Woman's Union of the University' of Chicago - - 335~336CHICAGOZhe Tftniversitp of CbicagoANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION SINGLE COPIESONE DOLLAR APPLICATION MADE FOR ENTRY AT THE POST-OFFICE AT CHICAGO ASSECOND-CLASS MATTER, UNDER THE ACT OF JULY 16, 1894 FIVE CENTSVOLUME VI NUMBER UUniversity RecordFEBRUARY, 1902RECENT IMPRESSIONS OF GERMAN UNIVERSITY LIFE.BY PROFESSOR C. R. HENDERSON,The University of Chicago.In response to the editorial request nothingmore than impressions can here be promised ; and,without the use of historical and statistical materials, nothing more than fragmentary glimpses ofa great national institution can reasonably be expected. Generalizations of brief and personalexperience must ever be made and received withcaution. Yet the partial aspect may be withinlimits true and instructive. The sources of theseimpressions are the daily conversations withthrongs of polite, affable and brightly alert students in the marble -corridors of "Beautiful Hall"of old Leipsic University ; the fascinating experiences in seminars and lecture rooms ; conversations during the " academic quarter hour " withcommunicative students from all parts of the German empire, Austria, Russia, Switzerland, England, America, and Japan ; the newspapers andmagazines ; interviews with instructors and public officials in several states ; attendance uponnational conferences ; and the booty gained fromthe chronic and incurable habit of cross-questioning men, women, and children of all sorts andconditions. Never once repulsed, never onceridiculed for imperfections of speech, never oncemade to feel unwelcome — who would not remember such months with gratitude and long to livethem over again ! In this third period of travel and study in Germany, the best national traits come out in everstronger relief ; thoroughness, patience, cool-blooded calculation, order, self-respect, regard forexpert knowledge and skill, intolerance of amateurservice, freedom of investigation and devotion totruth without timidity as to consequences ; andwith all these solid qualities the glow of sociablefriendship, the refinement of etiquette, obedienceto official superiors and military courtliness whichinfluences every man in the nation.The American student, accustomed to the college order of instruction, is liable to misunderstandthe "academic freedom" of German universities,to exaggerate its defects, to underestimate itsadvantages, and to forget its historical origin.German students before coming to the universityhave already formed habits of systematic study inthe secondary schools which carry them at least asfar as to our third year in the college course.Attention is here called to the development ofdevices for correcting the abuses and gaining theadvantages of their system of elective study without recitations and periodical tests which seem tous so alien to our own ideas of instruction. TheGerman academic society is fully aware of theseabuses and exposes them unsparingly ; but regards them as inevitable incidents of the opportunity of self-formation. To hold young menunder a sort of constant tutelage and guardianship is believed to be fatal to the development325326 UNIVERSITY RECORDof manliness, self-control, and the power ofinitiative. Freedom of choice has ever made themoral ruin of the weak almost certain, but for thecompetent it has ever been the door to power.The seminar is of German origin, although ithas long been made quite at home in America.We need not be ashamed to imitate so useful andrational an institution. The central idea of theseminar has always been co-operation of teacherand advanced students in investigation. Thismethod is now gradually extended to younger students, to those who really need it most. There isgrowing criticism of the distance between students and instructors. The office of private-do-cent seems to be gaining in significance andyounger teachers are invited to assist the principals of departments in giving personal directionsto the less mature and independent students.The seminars are of many types of method ; someaiming to prepare doctors' theses or specialstudies for publication; some concentrating thework of all members on a single problem ; someanalyzing texts or criticising documents; themethod being determined by the nature of thesubject, the idiosyncracy of the professor, or thesupposed needs of the students. There are instances where a professor of eminence securessuperb results with over thirty students meetingonly two hours a week ; but this is very hard workand the amount of attention given to each personis limited.Many professors are accessible at their officehours, either at home or at the university, and thisis often a means of giving that individual guidance which the lecture system excludes, and whicheven with the advanced student is often essential to the most rapid progress. The social customs of Germany permit university instructors tomeet a circle of students at a restaurant and discuss subjects of common interest as comradesover mugs of beer.The possibility of personal contact is necessarily limited by its cost. It is simply beyondthe physical power of a professor to know many of the students when they number from two hundred to a thousand. To give each disciple a personal guide would require the multiplication ofinstructors many times, and with this must go anincrease in taxes or in fees which would not be endured. Another limitation lies in the demand thatevery professor shall be a productive investigator,and investigation consumes time and energy. TheGerman system and German sentiment guard andhedge these scientific leaders of the world againstpetty waste ; and if American universities are everto compete successfully with the German, theymust leave college ideals behind them and adoptuniversity aims, frankly and fully; or else theymust differentiate between professors who teachand those who devote themselves chiefly to investigation. Otherwise we are doomed to gleanbehind the progressive reapers, and even threshover their old straw for chance grains.Compulsory measures are not entirely neglected.The "career" with its iron bars is not yet abolished, although it is treated with ill-concealedmirth ; and one may see hanging on the outsideof the window of an occupied cell a card on whichis printed the merry legend, "Gdrfon logis."If the university court and lock-up are hardlytaken seriously, one may note with more satisfaction and hope the morally earnest efforts of manyprofessors to influence the conduct of young men ;most of all by their own mode of spending life.They work hard ; they live for truth ; they minister to ideal needs ; they consecrate themselvesunsparingly to the work to which they are called ;and the nearer one comes to them the more herespects, reveres, and loves them.The students' duel is beyond the power of anAmerican to understand, and our criticism ofcorps life in general is apt to be ignorant andmisdirected. Compulsory drinking and slashingof one cheek are customs which are supported byhoary tradition, poetic sentiment, supposed military necessity, and by ideas which yield slowly tomodern thought. But in the great city universities the ratio of corps students seems to beUNIVERSITY RECORD 327declining, and the abuses of convivial assembliesare subjected to candid and outspoken discussion.One private-docent was actually found who usesneither wine, beer, nor tobacco. But his is "thevoice crying in the wilderness," and there mustbe times when he feels lonesome.The temperance movement, not total abstinence, is greatly helped by the testimony ofphysicians, especially of those who treat nervousdiseases and administer hospitals for the insane.A more serious and wholesome opinion in favorof social purity has also come to expression inlarge assemblies of students addressed by professors ; and the statistics of hospitals show that thismovement could not be delayed without nationalperil.1One hears much this year of the proposals torestrict the attendance of foreign students in German universities, and it is important that thegrounds of complaints should be fairly set beforeour part of the academic world. Inquiry made itevident that restriction of some kind will benecessary, and even in the interest of Americanscholarship. The fact is that German hospitalityhas too often been abused. German students arecrowded out of clinics and laboratories which aresustained by the taxes and gifts of the Germanpeople; and often those who take the places ofnatives and elbow them aside are not adequatelyprepared to make good use of the opportunities.One eminent professor, himself the very soul ofgenial and open-hearted hospitality, vastly patientwith foreign students, recently declared to hisaudience that Germany could not be schoolmaster for all mankind ; and his students applauded the sentiment.This does not mean that they are growingsordid, or losing their ideals. It is the self-assertion of common sense and the recognitionof the fact that German taxes are paid primarilyfor the benefit of German citizens, and that theXG. Ratzenhofer, Positive Ethik (1901), pp. 206, 207;Ziegler, Der deutsche Student am Ende des ig.Jahrhun-derts. children of taxpayers ought to be served beforealiens. If other countries want universities theymust pay for them.Some of the restrictions suggested are : raisingthe fees for foreign students above the present verylow rates ; the introduction of more rigid inquiryinto the preparation of foreign students and theirfitness to receive benefit from the lectures andlaboratories ; the requirement to present dissertations in German rather than in the language ofthe invaders. It would be to the honor andcredit of America if an agreement could bereached to exclude all American students whodid not go to Germany, or France, with a strongendorsement of a commission of the leadingAmerican universities and colleges. Every American who seeks to secure his doctorate in Germanybecause it is made easier for him than for anative, brings disgrace upon us and makes theposition of the best students more difficult. Students who think of going abroad on the groundof economy must be reminded by their Baedekerthat prices of board, clothing, and service have anupward tendency. The older figures are obsolete.If one maintains his home standard of comfort itis doubtful whether residence in Germany ischeaper than in America. The cost of travelmust be added to the expenses of living and ofacademic connection.The Education Report of the United States fori8q8-q, p. 1485, gives for the summer semesterof 1899 the number of foreign students in German universities as 2,284 matriculated and about2,000 " hearers," and in technical schools 1,276 —300 of whom come from America. The largestnumbers come from Russia and Austria- Hungary.The number of women students from Americain ten Prussian universities in the winter semesterof 1898-9 was fifty.While sentiment is changing it seems to remaintrue that women are not welcome at the universities ; that public sentiment, custom, andlegislation are against their admission on anything like equal terms ; and that German women328 UNIVERSITY RECORDseldom attend the classes and seminars. Yetthose who choose to go are politely treated, sofar as I observed and heard ; the German -student remains a gentleman even in his protest.At the request of Dean Mathews attention wasgiven to the statistics relating to the increase anddecrease in the number of candidates for theministry. In a country where law and publicopinion require practically all pastors to take anacademic course in preparation for their office,and where careful records are kept, it is notdifficult to find the facts. . But when we come toexplain the fluctuations and trace them to truecauses there is room for private opinions andspeculations.Alexander von Oettingen (Moralstatistik, 1882,p. 641 ff. and Tables 75-81) gave very elaboratestatistics for the years 1863-81. In the year1863-71 the number of "Evangelical" (Protestant) students under 18 faculties was 2,555. Afterthe war of 1 870-1 the number declined to thelowest point, 1,656 in the year 1876-7, and roseagain to 2,813 in the year 1881. He also showsthat the ratio of theological students to the totalin all faculties fell from 236 in 1,000 to 142 in1,000 during the same period, 1863-81, the lowest point being in 1876-7, 109 in 1,000.J. Schneider {Kir Miches Jahrbuch, 1901, p.269) presents the figures for the summer semester1890 to 1906. In 1890 the total of "Evangelical " students had reached 4,527. Then followeda steady decline to 1900, when the number in 21universities was only 2,472, lower ,than for 18universities in 1881 (2,813), although the population has increased enormously in that time. TheRoman Catholic students of late have increasedin number (P. Pieper, Kirchl. Stat. Deutchlands,pp. 168 ff.).1When we come to explain these facts and tointerpret their significance, we seem compelled tochoose arbitrarily between the optimists and thepessimists, the orthodox and the liberals. ThexFor American statistics see United States EducationReport, 1898-9, p. 1,675. strict party ascribe the decline to the disintegrating effects of " higher criticism," while the liberalsdeclare that it is the obscurantism and dogmaticbigotry of the conservatives which repels youngmen from choosing the ministry as a calling. Asboth forces are certainly at work, and both efficient causes with different types of men, there isneed of further analysis of the figures and offurther collection of data. Judging impartiallyfrom the past fluctuations we may conclude thatthe church is just now at low tide, and about torise again as before. Ardent devotees of thehumanities and of classic culture are protestingagainst the revolutionary elevation of the sciences,and particularly against the permission to takedegrees in medicine with no more general culturethan can be gained in the higher " Realschulen."They declare that already the effect is apparentin rudeness of manners, a coarseness, and a narrowing materialistic bias, which are inconsistentwith the higher forms of culture. The friends ofthe modern movement indignantly deny thischarge, and assert that specialization in the physical sciences not only produces more accurate andabundant results, but a better type of manhood.Still others think that when young physicianscome into good society where music, poetry, history, and other culture interests are commonforces, they are already in position to enjoy andprofit by these educational influences. In theabsence of sufficient data final judgment must beheld in suspense. The experiment is interesting,and will probably be instructive, if also verycostly, both to individuals and groups. But thereseems to be no substitute for experiment, even insocial science ; we can only hope that the fruit ofsacrifice will be worth the pains and losses incident to the trial of these conflicting hypotheses.There are more tall factory chimneys in Germany than at the times of the former visits ; andthere is a close and vital connection betweenthe university laboratory and these chimneys, thesignificant evidences that Germany has becomeUNIVERSITY RECORD 329an industrial nation. The chemist and the physicist usually love truth and science as much as theydetest the ci useful ; " but the fruits of science areall the more plentiful. German science hasenriched the German people and the world.These idealists and recluses have armed the technician with new powers ; and the dreams of thealchemists are after all realized — the dross isturned into gold ; the supremacy of spirit inthe world of matter and force asserts itself in thesocial world of organized industry.CHAPEL ADDRESS.THE DIFFICULTY OF RELIGION.*I want to make my plea for religion on theground of its difficulty. Painting the difficultiesand hardships attendant on a course of life wouldnot seem the best way to attract men to it. Andit is proof of Christ's sincerity that he neverglossed over the obstacles to the religious life.A demagogue would have done so. Emigrationagents always paint the attractions of the newcountry to which they invite settlers in roseatehues. Nothing is said about the drab and darkcolors and the drawbacks. But Jesus franklyportrayed the black with the white ; told of hardships and denials, and talked about "cutting offright hands," " plucking out eyes," " selling all,""counting the cost," "squeezing through straitgates and walking in narrow ways."That would seem to be a poor way to makedisciples, but it is a good way with all noble-minded men. Many a boy has been led to asailor's life by stories of shipwreck and suffering,and many a young man has chosen the soldier'scareer by the very prospect of adventure, exposure, battle, wounds, and a heroic death. Thestory of martyr fires has always lighted new converts to the faith for which they died. The appealto the lower motive which says " do this because1 Address before the Senior Colleges by Rev. HenryMartin Sanders, D.D., late of the Madison Avenue BaptistChurch, New York City, New York ; University Preacherfor the month of January, 1902. it is agreeable" is a very feeble and a veryshabby one, and one can understand the feeling of repugnance with which especially high-minded young men and women object to religion because it is so often presented aseasy, "salvation free" and all to be had for theasking.There is a sense of cheapness about what comesto us without corresponding and commensuratetoil and outlay.Certainly the conditions of discipleship in thethe Bible are neither easy nor pleasant. ButChrist urged men to it on the ground, and not inspite, of that fact. He exhorted men to enter thestrait gate because it was strait, and to shun thebroad and easy road because it was so ; to choosethe narrow, rugged, steep, and unfrequented pathbecause the opposite one was plain, popular, andpleasant. He says we ought to be religious because there are difficulties and sacrifices connected with it, and we ought to be warnedagainst the irreligious life by its very immunitiesand comforts.All evil things are easily commenced. Sin hasa right of way in this world which is patent toall. Gravitation is all on the side of downward -ness. It is easy to be bad, it is whittling alongthe grain, cutting along the line of cleavage ; itis pushing a thing that is already going downhill. Virgil expressed it centuries ago : "Descensus Averni facile est, sed revocare, hie labor, hieopus est." Anything easily commenced has apresumption against it by the fact of its easiness.That is true on all levels of life, the lowliest andthe loftiest. Whatever is easy for the lower selfis hard for the higher, and vice versa. Thereare two men in each of us. Jekyll and Hyde, thebetter and the worse, and they are bound to fight.Whatever pleases one disgusts the other. Ineither case there will be antagonism. Hardshipfor the lower means liberty for the nobler man.The choice each has to make is whether he willdo the things that are easiest to the worst self orto the best self.330 UNIVERSITY RECORDThe religious life has its limitations all alongwhich the godless man knows nothing about. Tothe natural man, the man of flesh and blood, tobe good continues hard all along. It is to besaid, however, that it is less hard the further weadvance, but it is never an easy thing to be aconsistent disciple of Christ. The religious lifeis not easy if we make honest work of it and donot content ourselves with the conventional pattern. It requires self-denial, consecration andconcentration. " This one thing I do " will haveto be one's motto. We shall have to make a bee-line across many a flowery field ; be like the carrier pigeon flung into the air that makes straightfor its nest on the shortest possible line, ratherthan the butterfly which dances around a gardenall day and goes wherever there is brightness andhoney.But the restrictions, limitations, and abstinences, which are indispensable to the religious life, like so many other things in theworld which seem to be fetters, are supports, andinstead of being inconveniences are blessings.They are not so much checks as braces. Thecommandments and prohibitions which circumscribe the well-regulated life, like the picket-fence which bristles along the path on either sideof which is a deep ditch, are meant for our advantage. Narrowness is often safety. The narrow road is a good guide. There is less room forvacillation and vagrancy. One can walk along ahall only wide enough for himself in pitch darkwhen he would stumble in a big room. Restrictions and limitations are the condition of allnobleness and virtue, for it is only to the lowernature that they are such. The higher self findsfreedom in submission, and its law is the "royallaw of liberty." " I will walk at liberty for I seekthy precepts." "My commandments are notgrievous." "The ways of wisdom are ways ofpleasantness and all her paths are peace." Manya young man who has thrown the reins on theanimal's neck, and in his pursuit of freedom has let it carry him whithersoever it will, has endedin bondage and ruin.So, let me say to you, be suspicious of easyroads. The conditions of success in any branchof human endeavor are a straitened gate and ahard road. All kingdoms which it is worth yourwhile to try to enter suffer violence, and it is theviolent which take it by force. No eminence isattained in any department without effort andself-discipline. You pronounce a doom on ayoung man when you say he takes life easily.How did Robert Louis Stevenson become sucha master of English prose ? By writing some ofhis pieces nine times over. Look at a page ofTennyson's manuscript. You will find fifty corrections on a single sheet. " Genius is the capacity for taking pains." It is not by floating withthe current that any one attains what is worthyand lasting, but by separating himself from thecrowd, by "scorning delights and living laboriousdays." Depend upon it, in religion as elsewhere,the primrose path of dalliance, the broad way,the life that knows no strain, no restraint, nopressure, no fatigue, no watchful self-denial, is adoomed life. The manufacture of character isthe finest of all fine arts, and demands of everyartist sustained and disciplined toil. There isalways a presumption against any road that iseasy. You may be sure that the course which iseasiest either in the curriculum of college or oflife is not the best one for you to choose. Youwill be safer to turn a deaf ear to that course ofstudy or conduct which says, " Come eat of mybread, for it is pleasant." If you are even indoubt about two courses choose the hardest andmost unwelcome, for, in most instances, if not all,you will have chosen the one which God meantyou to walk in, and which in the end is best foryou. That woman was not far wrong when askedto perform a certain task on the ground that itwas her duty, said, "Oh ! I know it is my dutybecause I hate to do it. I can always be sureanything is a duty when it is /disagreeable."UNIVERSITY RECORD 331THE DECENNIAL PUBLICATIONS.In addition to the public celebration, held lastJune, of the completion of the first ten years ofthe University's corporate existence, the University Senate has planned an elaborate publication,which is to set forth and exemplify the materialand intellectual growth of the first ten years ofeducational work. The University was foundedin 1 89 1 ; its doors were opened in 1892. Thememorial publication will recognize the decen-nium which will be completed in October, 1902.The Decennial' Publications, which are now inan advanced stage of preparation, will constitutethe President's Report to the Board of Trustees,and will comprise ten volumes. The first volumewill consist of the Reports of the Officers of Administration, including the reports of Heads ofDepartments. The second volume will continuethe first, and will contain the Biographical Reports of the Departments. The scientific andthe more noteworthy miscellaneous publications of all members of the University duringthese ten years will be recorded here, thereport for each department including fourclasses of contributors — the present membersof the faculties, the former members of thefaculties, the doctors of the University, and thegraduate students who published in scientificjournals while in residence here. Doctors' theseswill be included as an important part of the University's scientific output, whether yet publishedor not. With this one exception only such pub-cations will be noticed as appeared in print duringthe time of the writer's connection with the University. The last eight volumes will consist of unpublished articles of a strictly scientific nature,under the general title of " Investigations."The first volume of this series is in charge ofthe President's office, and* is expected to appearduring the coming summer. The other nine volumes are under the management of a specialeditorial committee consisting of three generaleditors — Professors Capps, Cutting, and Salisbury- — and eight associate editors, each repre senting a group of allied departments. The eightvolumes of "Investigations," of from 300 to 500pages, royal octavo, will represent the followinggroups of departments :Vol.IV,Part2Philosophy Education Vol.VIIGermanic Romance English Literature(inEnglish)Vol.XTheBiologicalSciencesVol.IV,PartiSystematicTheologyChurchHistory Homiletics ¦Vol.VISanskritandComparativePhilology ClassicalArchaeologyGreek Latin Vol.IXPhysics Chemistry GeologyVol.IllSemitic BiblicalandPatristicGreek ComparativeReligion Vol.VPoliticalEconomyPoliticalScience Sociology History Vol.VIII Mathematics AstronomyEach volume will be treated as a journal devoted to the group of subjects. The departmental line will not be drawn inside the volume,though the table of contents to each volume willshow the contributions of each department. Articles will take their place in the volume in theorder in which they are received and accepted,until the limit of size is reached. The printingwill be from plates and not from type, so thateach contribution may be issued promptly inseparate form. Each article will have a doublepagination, so that it will have a separate existence as a monograph independently of the vol-332 UNIVERSITY RECORDume to which it belongs. Besides the extensivecirculation among scientific workers which thevarious articles will have in the form of reprints,the whole series will be placed in every importantlibrary in the world, and will be given, in general,the widest possible distribution. The issue willprobably exceed 2,000 copies.The University Press is now at work upon thefirst articles contributed to the " Investigations."Notable among these are Professor Michelson'spaper on the " Velocity of Light;" ProfessorLoeb's, on "Artificial Parthenogenesis;" a largenumber of new Greek papyri from Egypt, published for the first time and edited by Dr. EdgarJ. Goodspeed ; a critical work on the manuscriptsof Chaucer's " Parliament of Fowls," by Dr.Eleanor Hammend ; and the "Treatment ofNature in the Works of Nikolaus Lenau," byAssociate Professor von Klenze. From now onuntil the completion of the eight volumes, whichis announced for January 1, 1903, the articlescontributed to the "Investigations" will appearfrom the press in rapid succession.OFFICIAL NOTICES.Attention is herewith called to the issue of thePreliminary Announcements for the Summer Quarter IQ02 published on this day, February 1, 1902.The first term of the quarter begins June 18 andends on July 25; the second term begins July 26and ends August 30. The announcements contain general statements concerning the University,its schools and colleges, its departments of instruction, the unit of time and unit of work, theSummer Quarter, regulations for admission in theSummer Quarter, routine of entrance and registration, and general information concerning feesfor matriculation and tuition ; rooms, board, andgeneral expenses.The announcements for the Graduate Schoolsand the Colleges contain the list of the faculties,information concerning the Graduate Schools and the Colleges, special regulations as to admissionto the Colleges for the Summer Quarter, and a.general statement of the courses of instruction asto their scope and number.The announcements for the Divinity Schoolcontain the list of the faculty, statements concerning admission, rooms, board, and generalexpenses, admission to the Graduate DivinitySchool, and a general statement of the coursesoffered in the departments of the Divinity School.Statements are also given concerning the English Theological Seminary, the Courses in medicine and preparatory to medicine, the School ofEducation, and the University Open Lectures.The Revised Announcements, giving more detailed information concerning the courses offeredduring the Summer Quarter, will be publishedabout March 10, 1902.DEPARTMENTAL SCHOLARSHIPS.Graduate Scholarship in Latin. — A specialGraduate Scholarship in Latin is annually awardedat the June Convocation to a student who has received the degree of Bachelor of Arts from theUniversity of Chicago within the year then ending (Spring and Autumn Quarters inclusive).The award is based upon ( 1 ) the record of theLatin courses taken (which must include at leastthree elective Majors in the Senior College); and(2) a special examination held on May 29 and 30.The examination in 1902 will be upon the following subjects :(a) Sallust's fugurtha and the Pro Murena ofCicero ;(b) The General History of Rome ;(c) The History of Latin Literature.(The treatment of the general history by Pel-ham, and of the literary history by Mackail orWilkins, will indicate the scope of the examination under (b) and (c) respectively.Candidates for this scholarship are requestedto give their names to their instructors in Latin.UNIVERSITY RECORD 333The Junior College Scholarship in Latin.—A Junior College Scholarship in Latin is offeredannually. All students who receive their JuniorCollege Certificates between October i, 1901, andJuly 1, 1902, may become candidates for thisscholarship, which will be awarded upon the basisof (a) excellence of class-room work in Latin(which must include the three required Majorsbased upon four units offered for admission, andat least one Junior elective in Latin), and (b) aspecial examination upon the subjects namedbelow, to be held May 29 and 30, 1902 :1) History of Roman literature to 136 A. D.Mackail's Roman Literature is recommended.2) Latin composition, a piece of connectedEnglish to be translated into Latin.3) A passage from a Latin author to be translated at sight.Candidates for this scholarship are requested togive their names to their instructors in Latin.F. J. Miller,Depfm. Exa?n. in Latin.Scholarships in the Department of English. — A special Graduate Scholarship in Englishis annually awarded on July 1 to a student whohas received the degree of Bachelor of Arts fromthe University of Chicago within the year thenending (October 1 to July 1 inclusive). Theaward is based upon (1) the record of the Englishcourses taken (which must include at least threeelective Majors in the Senior Colleges); and (2) aspecial examination held in May. The examination in 1902 will be upon the following courses :21-23, 42-48 ; of these the student may choosethree.A Senior College Scholarship is annuallyawarded on July 1 to a student who has receivedthe Junior College certificate within the year thenending (October 1 to July 1 inclusive). Theaward is based upon (1) the record of the coursestaken (which: must include Courses 1, 3, 40, 41); and (2) a special examination upon the samecourses held in May.This examination will be held in Cobb LectureHall 12 d, May 12, 3 : 00 p.m.Scholarships in Mathematics. — The SeniorCollege Scholarship in Mathematics is awardedannually at the June Convocation to that studentadmitted to the Senior College during the preceding year who did the best Junior College workin Mathematics. In judging of the work of eachcandidate for this scholarship the departmentconsiders (a) the general quality of his JuniorCollege work ; (b) the quantity and the quality ofhis Junior College work in Mathematics ; (c) theresult of his Senior College Scholarship examination on the subjects : (1) Plane Trigonometry;(2) College Algebra; (3) Plane Analytic Geometry.The Graduate Scholarship in Mathematics isawarded annually at the June Convocation to thatstudent admitted to the Ogden Graduate Schoolduring the preceding year who has been namedby the department as the Senior College honorstudent in Mathematics. In judging of the workof each candidate for this scholarship, the department considers (a) the quantity and the qualityof his Senior College work in Mathematics ; (b)his promise of success as a graduate student ofMathematics; (c) the results of the GraduateScholarship examination on the subjects : (1)Differential and Integral Calculus ; (2) AdvancedAlgebra, including Theory of Equation; (3) SolidAnalytical Geometry; (4) Advanced Integral Calculus, including Differential Equations.The next examinations will be held May 23 and24, 1902. The examination questions of previousyears are on file at the Mathematical Library,room 37, Ryerson Laboratory.Prospective candidates should confer at anearly date with the Departmental Examiner inMathematics.334 UNIVERSITY RECORDMEDICAL PROFESSORIAL LECTURES.Announcement is made of the following lectures to medical students and others interestedduring the Winter Quarter. These lectures willbe held in Kent Theater every Friday at 5:00 p.m.Friday, January 31, " Surgical Anatomy of the TemporalBone," by Professorial Lecturer Arthur Dean Bevan.Friday, February 7, " The Relation of the Freshman andSophomore Studies to the Diagnosis of Disease of theChest, Throat, and Nose," by Professorial Lecturer E.Fletcher Ingals.Friday, February 14, continuation of the same lecture.Friday, February 21, "Surgical Anatomy of the Shoulder," by Professorial Lecturer Arthur Dean Bevan.Friday, February 28, " Surgical Anatomy of the Hip," byProfessorial Lecturer Arthur Dean Bevan.CONFERENCES FRANqAISESPAR M. LEOPOLD MABILLEAU.Depuis longtemps l'Universite de Chicago areconnu l'avantage qu'il y aurait d'etablir a Chicago des conferences francaises regulieres, nonseulement pour les etudiants, mais aussi pour legrand nombre, toujours croissant, des personnesqui s'interessent aux choses francaises.Deja l'Alliance Francaise a inaugure ces conferences qui ont lieu chaque samedi a midi et demia University College, Fine Arts Building, et quirepondent evidemment a un besoin reel, car ellesgagnent tous les jours dans la faveur du public.Pour donner a cette idee tout le developpementqu'elle comporte, l'Universite et l'Alliance Francaise ont demande, pour cette annee, le concoursde deux des plus brillants conferenciers francais,MM. Leopold Mabilleau et Hugues Le Roux.M. Leopold Mabilleau, ecrivain distingue etphilosophe eminent, membre correspondant del'lnstitut de France, professeur suppleant au College de France, professeur au Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers, directeur du MuseeSocial, etc., etc., fera douze conferences, dont uneserie de six a l'Universite, et l'autre serie de sixen ville.La premiere serie a pour titre general "LePays de France" (lieu des conferences: Univer- site de Chicago, Cobb Lecture Hall, A6) 4:00p. m., avec les sous-titres suivants :I. Exposition preliminaire. — Esquisse d'une carte ethno-graphique et psychologique de la France. Grandes divisionssuivant le climat, les productions, les races, le caractere,les mceurs, l'histoire. (Foncin, Baudrillart, Demolins.) Ide*ede la varie'te de la vie intellectuelle, morale, artistique,politique dans les diverses regions de la France. 3 FeVrier.II. Le Nord. Flandre. — Climat, productions, race. Lagrande Industrie. Le travail collectif. Le socialisme reVo-lutionnaire. L'alcoolisme et ses consequences sociales. 5FeVrier.III. Llouest. La Normandie. — Le pays, les herbages, lapomme. La race et son histoire. Evolution du caracterenormand. Conservatisme economique et social. 7 FeVrier.IV. L'est. Vosges et Lorraine. — Race profonde*ment francaise. Moyenne industrie, travail et epargne. La classemoyenne. Les vertus bourgeoises. Le patriotisme. 10FeVrier.V. Le centre. Orlianais, Blaisois, Touraine, Anjou. — Lejardin de la France. Sejour de la cour. Les chateaux.Equilibre de toutes les qualites francaises. La langue pureet sans accent. La litterature. Trop de bien-e'tre, mollesseet laisser-vivre. 12 FeVrier.VI. Le midi. Toulouse, Montpellier, Nimes. — Les Tecto-sages. L'influence romaine. Lu civilisation gallo-romaine.Le moyen-age et les Albigeois. Litterature et art. Lestemps modernes : les orpheons, la politique, l'eloquence et'le psittacisme. La Gaule du midi; son influence dans lacivilisation francaise. 14 FeVrier.La seconde serie a pour titre general " la So-ciete Francaise Contemporaine," (lieu des confe-ernces : Fine Arts Building, salle 439); avec lessous-titres suivants :VII. Le vrai Paris. — L'elite et le peuple. Le gout, lamode et l'opinion. Le theatre, le journal, la rue. 4 FeVrier,8: 00 P. M.VIII. L ''Institut de France et son protectorat sur les ecolesde haut enseignement. — La Sorbonne. Le College de France.L'Ecole des Beaux-Arts. Le Conservatoire National desArts et Metiers. 6 FeVrier, 8 : 00 P. M.IX. Paris intellectuel. — Les salons, les ce*nacles et lescercles. Les ecoles et les groupes en litterature, en philoso-phie et en politique. 8 FeVrier, 12 130 p. m.X. La vie provinciate. — Sa variete* et son originalite.10 Fevrier, 8 : 00 P. M.XL L 'ouvrier francais. — Ses qualites et ses de*f auts.Son caractere. Associations ouvrieres. PreVoyance etUNIVERSITY RECORD 335mutualite. Cooperation et participation aux be*ne*fices. 1 1Fevrier, 8 : oo P. M.XII- Les Studes sociales en France. — Education sociale.Musee Social. 13 Fevrier, 8 :oo p. m.THE INTERNATIONAL STUDENT CONVENTION.TORONTO, FEBRUARY 26 TO MARCH 2, 1902.As the date for the fourth convention of theStudent Volunteer movement, to be held at Toronto, February 26 to March 2, draws near? preparations are being rapidly hastened, both at theToronto headquarters and at the Volunteer office.So general is the interest in this gathering thatthe utmost resources available are sorely taxed.Colleges and other institutions of higher learningfrom the Atlantic to the Pacific are taking steps toappoint large and influential delegations in caseswhere this has not already been done.Interest in the city where the convention meetsis most natural. Its architectural beauty, its highreputation as a scholastic center, and its dominating influence in the evangelical life of the Dominion combine to make it an ideal gatheringplace. To this may be added, in the case of delegates from the United States, the charm of thetransplanted English life as affected by earlyFrench traditions. It is a bit of England withsomething of the Sabbath atmosphere of Scotland, mingled with the spirit and enterprise ofAmerica. The student life of Toronto is likewisea unique composite of British and Americanideas and customs, with which it will be most interesting to become acquainted.Interest in the coming convention is furtherjustified by the acceptances already received.These include the leading missionary advocatesof the United States and Canada, missionariesfrom all the great fields, many of them with aworld-wide reputation, and persons whose fame isin every mouth in connection with the recent uprising in China — the falsely defamed and rightlylauded Dr. Ament, and Professor Gamewell, defender of the legations, both of Pekin, beingamong them. Young people's society leaders, whose names are household words, will be present, as will men and women of spiritual power,some of whom are already known to students, Dr.Speer and Dr. and Mrs. Howard Taylor, for example. Editors and educators of influence andwide reputation will constitute an important partof the personnel. Best of all, Mr. Mott, whosefive months' tour among the students of Japan,China, and India has been a prolonged experienceof remarkable successes, will preside. His wordswill alike inspire and empower all who hearhim.Difficulties to be feared in case of a late appointment of representatives are suggested by thefact that at a number of remote colleges delegations twice as large as were sent to the conventionat Cleveland in 1898 have been appointed, andalso by the plans of large institutions like CornellUniversity and Yale, where the remarkable recordof 1898 is likely to be exceeded'. Since the delegates are to be entertained by the hospitality ofthe people of Toronto, it has been necessary tolimit the total attendance to 2,500, of whom2,000 will be students. From present indications it is apparent that this number of menand women from fully 500 institutions will beeasily reached — undoubtedly the greatest studentreligious gathering the world has ever seen.THE WOMAN'S UNION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO.LIST OF OFFICERS.President, Miss Marion Talbot, Dean of Women ; Green Hall.Vice-President, Mrs. Henry Rand Hatfield ;6024 Ellis avenue.Secretary, Miss Mildred Richardson (SeniorColleges); 479 42d place.Treasurer, Miss Ruth Hardy (Graduate Schools);93 Oakwood boulevard.Chairman of the House Committee, Miss Gertrude Dudley (Director of Physical Culture forWomen); Kelly Hall.336 UNIVERSITY RECORDmembers of house committee.Chairman of Committee on Membership, MissElizabeth Baker (School of Education).Chairman of Committee on Finance, Mrs. WarnerFite.Chairman of Committee on Entertainment, Mrs.George C. Howland.Chairman of Committee on Philanthropy, MissMary C. Lincoln (Graduate Schools).Chairman of Committee on Hospitality, Miss M.Ethel Freeman (Young Women's Christian Association).Chairman of Committee on Lunch Room, MissSusan W. Peabody (Head of Kelly House). MEMBERS OF COMMITTEES.Membership, Miss Agnes Wayman (Senior Colleges) and Miss Sophonisba P. Breckinridge.Finance, Miss Ella F. Young (Professor of Education), Miss Josephine Robertson.Entertainment, Miss Margaret Coulter (YoungWomen's Christian Association), Miss ElizabethClarke (Junior College).Philanthropy, Miss Myra Reynolds (Head ofNancy Foster House), Miss Laura Colman(School of Education).Lunch Room, Mrs. Alice Peloubet Norton(School of Education), Mrs. Ralph C. H. Cat-terall.