VOLUME V NUMBER 51University RecordFRIDAY, MARCH 22, 1901CHINESE CIVILIZATION.*BY HIS EXCELLENCY MR. WU TING-FANG,ENVOY EXTRAORDINARY AND MINISTER PLENIPOTENTIARY OF CHINA.China has been to other nations something likethe recluse community in the heart of a mountain,as described by a noted Chinese writer of fifteenhundred years ago. A lone fisherman, it is written, happened to go one day in his skiff up anunfrequented stream. So absorbed was he in hisoccupation that he entirely lost track of distanceand time. All of a sudden, a scene of unsurpassedsylvan beauty burst upon his view. As far as hiseyes could reach, he could see on both sides ofthe stream nothing but peach trees in full bloom,no other kind of tree among them. Wishing tofind out how far the grove extended, he left hisboat, and followed the stream to its source. Hesoon came to the foot of a mountain whichmade further progress impossible. His curiositywas fully excited by this time, and he proceededto extend his investigations. He noticed a faintlight issuing from a hole in the side of the mountain just large enough to admit his body. Crawling into it on his hands and knees for a considerable distance, he emerged after a while fromdarkness into light. The barking of dogs andthe clucking of hens first came to his ears; then* The Convocation Address delivered on the occasion ofthe Thirty-seventh Convocation of the University held inStudebaker Hall, March 19, 1901. before his astonished eyes appeared cultivatedfields, quaint houses and other signs of humanhabitation. He did not have to go far before hecame across men going about their business andchildren playing in the open air — all in a strangecostume. There was amazement on both sides.The news of the sudden arrival of a strangerrapidly spread, and a crowd was soon collected.The fisherman was asked who he was and whencehe came. After answering these questions heasked in his turn how they happened to establishthemselves in that secluded spot. They told himhow their ancestors, in order to flee from the tyranny of the Chin dynasty, had betaken themselves with their wives and children to the heart ofthat mountain for refuge ; how generation aftergeneration had lived and died there, " the worldforgetting, by the world forgot ;" how no news ofthe outside world during that long period hadever once broken in upon the quiet seclusion ofthe community. When they were informed bythe fisherman that since their forefathers' day, theChin dynasty had fallen and given place to theHan dynasty, which, in its turn, had been succeeded by the Tsin dynasty, and that the reigningsovereign was a scion of the house of Tsin, theycould hardly believe that during the five hundredyears which had elapsed so many political convulsions and dynastic changes had taken place inthe outside world while their little community437438 UNIVERSITY RECORDhad enjoyed uninterrupted peace and tranquillity.They did not envy the turmoil and excitement ofa more active life. Content with their lot, theyevinced no desire to emerge from their retreat.This mountain community may be said to beChina in miniature. To her isolation she undoubtedly owes her long freedom from foreigndomination. From the remotest times down tothe present day no foreign army has ever sweptthe country from the Himalayas to the sea ; noforeign ruler has ever sat upon the throne ofChina. It is true that a Mongol dynasty onceacceded to the imperial power, and that the presentreigning house is Manchu. But the Mongols andManchus can hardly be regarded as foreigners bythe Chinese, for the racial difference between theChinese and the Mongols, or the Manchus, is nogreater than that between the Angles and theSaxons. These two exceptions are more nominalthan real.Foreign influence, indeed, has had very little todo with the national development of China. Before the nineteenth century the only possible foreign enemies she had to meet were the nomads ofthe Mongolian plateau, who occasionally madesudden incursions upon the settlements along thenorthern frontier, and pirates from the Malaysianislands, who sometimes spread terror along theseacoast by their ravages. These warlike encounters, fortunately, were not very frequent. Farmore peaceful, as a rule, were the purposes thatbrought foreigners to China in those days. Arabian and Persian merchants and travelers used tobring spices and perfumes from the shores of theMediterranean and carry back to the West silksand teas from the Chinese marts. During the Handynasty certain Buddhist priests came by invitation from the Chinese court to teach the people anew religion. Some centuries later Nestorianmissionaries succeeded in making their way intothe country, and preached the doctrines of Christianity for the first time to the Chinese. Thereremains still standing in the outskirts of Sian, thecapital of ancient China, a stone tablet inscribed with Chinese characters, which recounts the early-trials and labors of these Christian pioneers.Mohammedanism was introduced into Chinadoubtless through contact with the Turkish tribesthat were once powerful in central Asia. A Mohammedan in China today is called Hui-hui,which is in all probability the Chinese pronunciation of Uigur, the name of one of the Turkishtribes. A colony of Jews has long been settledin the province of Honan. It is difficult to findany one now who can tell whence and when theycame. These were perhaps the most noteworthyglimpses which China has had of the peoples ofthe West up to quite recent times.Thus, far from the conflicts and strifes of theWest, the Chinese have been able to give throughthe past centuries almost their exclusive attentionto internal development. They have accordinglysolved their political problems in their own way,and worked out their destiny without foreigninterference.The political and social institutions of Chinaearly took their present form. The Duke ofChow who flourished eleven centuries before theChristian era, did for China what Moses did forthe Jews and Lycurgus for the Spartans. Hereduced the political and social chaos of his dayinto an orderly system, upon which Confucius,five hundred years afterward, set the seal of hisapproval. What the Duke of Chow planted andConfucius watered has grown into a vast systemwith its roots sunk deep in Chinese soil and itsbranches reaching out to the utmost confines ofthe empire.Great as were the services which Confucius rendered in giving permanence to Chinese institutions, he did no less for Chinese literature. Itwas he that made the ancient writings of Chinaclassic and thus fixed the language so that it hasundergone only slight variations for centuries.Since his day Chinese literature has been greatlyenriched by many works of recognized merit.Poetry and history are the two departmentsthat have been most cultivated. The father ofUNIVERSITY RECORD 439Chinese history is Tso Chiu-ming, whose narrativesare as fascinating as those of Herodotus. TheAugustan age of Chinese poetry was the period ofthe Tang dynasty which could' boast of a Catullusand a Horace. Indeed, there is hardly a department of literature which has not been taken upby some Chinese writer.The Chinese have made great advances also incommerce, manufacture, and agriculture. Thesilk fabrics of China had long been famousthroughout the West before much was known ofthe country and its people. The raising of silkworms, in fact, dates back to the mythologicalperiod of Chinese history. The silk industry ofChina, therefore, has been continuously carriedon for over four thousand years. Other usefularts, at the same time, have not been neglected.Nature, moreover, has blessed the country withevery variety of soil and climate, so that thepeople have never been obliged to look to othercountries for the supply of their wants. Theyhave been able to live within themselves withoutdifficulty, and to get along without having anything to do with the outside nations. Their longseclusion has been not only a matter of necessity,but also a matter of choice.True it is that China's isolation has served tostrengthen the nation's character and given it amarked individuality, but this has not been gainedwithout great losses. The most serious is thatthe nation has not been able to profit by the trials,experiences, and achievements of the rest of theworld. This is especially true with scientificknowledge and mechanical inventions. It mustbe. admitted that today China is centuries behindthe age in her knowledge of chemistry, electricity,steam navigation, rapid transit, and other arts andsciences. All these things she must learn fromother nations before she can hope to put herselfabreast of the times.But does civilization consist of railroads, telegraphs, telephones, electric light, battleships, rapid-firing guns, magazine rifles, and a thousand andone things which are often regarded as necessary for a progressive nation ? This would be a verynarrow interpretation of the word. Civilizationhas, I believe, a broader meaning, with intelligence, order, morality, and refinement for its essential elements. Such a civilization China undoubtedly has — a civilization different, to be sure, fromthat of the West — but a. civilization nevertheless.In other words, civilization is the elevation anation has reached in its progress from a lowerto a higher state of society. It is to be expectedthat the civilization attained by China should bedifferent from that attained by the nations ofthe West, by reason of their difference in nationaldevelopment. Chinese ways are not necessarilybad because they often seem strange to Westerneyes. It is merely a question whether one isaccustomed to them or not. Here is a case inpoint.An American went to China about thirtyyears ago to seek his fortune. He was thenyoung, ambitious, and enterprising. He did notshrink from learning the language of the countrymerely because the task 'was difficult. Now heenjoys the unique distinction of being one of thevery few foreigners who can speak the Chineselanguage with the fluency of a native. His linguistic attainments are so well known that he isoften called upon by both the Chinese andAmerican authorities to act as an interpreter.His long residence in China has made himpractically a Chinese in many of his habits andmodes of life. A few years ago he took it intohis head to return to the United States, with theview of spending the remaining days of his lifeamidst the scenes and associations of his boyhood. He came to New York. The strenuouslife of that metropolis so shocked his nerves thathe could not remain there long. Finally, inorder to get away from the noise and bustle ofAmerican life, he had to go back to China, wherehe could enjoy such mental repose as he hadbeen accustomed to. This is by no means anisolated case. Many instances can be quotedwhere Europeans and Americans who have been440 UNIVERSITY RECORDresiding in China prefer remaining there to returning to their own countries.The Chinaman is the principal type of Orientalcivilization. He is phlegmatic and sluggish.Time is no object with him. He takes things asthey come, and never seems to be in a hurry.How different is the American, the highest typeof Occidental civilization ! He is nervous andenergetic. He acts on the principle that "time ismoney," and accordingly is impatient of restraintand always on a rush. When the old Orientalcivilization meets the new Occidental civilization,it is to be expected that there will be a clash.Which will have to give away to the other is byno means certain; for "the race is not to theswift, nor the battle to the slrong." Everyoneknows the fable of the hare and the tortoise running a race. The American has undoubtedly thequalties of the hare, and the Chinaman those ofthe tortoise. The result of a race between thetwo may seem like a foregone conclusion, but thefable teaches that surprises may be looked for.There has lately been a great deal of newspapertalk about civilizing China. I give credit to thosepeople who advocate such a course for their goodintention, but its desirability, to say nothing ofits difficulty, should not be overlooked. Chinahas already a civilization of her own. It is thegrowth of time. Long before the ancestors ofthe people of the West ceased to be naked savages, and emerged from the primeval forests ofcentral Europe, the Chinese had already knownthe use of the compass and the art of printing.Now for the people of the West to turn aroundand ask the Chinese to put away their oldcivilization is rather novel. This is like the caseof the young man man fresh from college takingit upon himself to dictate to his father as to howhis business should be managed. Such conducton the part of the young man would naturallygive his father a poor idea of college education.The young fellow, of course, can probably givehis father some points as to how to calculate aneclipse or to analyze the different operations of the intellect. But to come down to everydayaffairs is an entirely different matter. Here theage and experience of the other must be of greaterservice. In like manner, the people of the Westmay know more than the Chinese about the building of railroads, the floating of foreign loans, thecombination of capital, the development of resources, and the like. All this is granted. Butthe Chinese naturally feel that they are in a better position to judge what is best for their owninterest and welfare than any outsider can be.Therefore any attempt to impose upon them anyreform or religion they do not feel the need of isapt to create trouble. The use of force is especially to be deprecated, as this serves only toinflame their passions and rouse their resentmentand opposition. But, on the other hand, muchcan be accomplished by exercising tact and discretion, and, above all, by giving due consideration to their sentiments and prejudices.It is not easy for foreigners to look at Chinesequestions from a Chinese standpoint, and manymisunderstandings which have occurred betweenforeigners and Chinese can be traced to thissource. Fortunately, there is an increasing disposition on the part of many public men inAmerica and Europe to deal with Chinese affairs,not in a high-handed way as of old, but in a spiritof fort^earance and with an earnest desire to dowhat is right.It would be a great mistake to put the Chinesein the same category with the tribes of CentralAfrica or the inhabitants of the South Sea Islands.The superiority of civilization over barbarism isso indisputable that the natives of Central Africaor of the South Sea Islands cannot help acknowledging their inferiority. The history of theHawaiian Islands furnishes a case in point. Theearly missionaries who were sent out to thoseislands, it is written, found the people very receptive. They met with comparatively little opposition in their work; they had no difficulty inmaking converts ; they succeeded in inducing thenaked islanders to cover up their bodies. TheUNIVERSITY RECORD 441reason for this easy success is not far to seek.The islanders had not much religion to beginwith, no covering for their bodies except a scantybreechcloth, no writing, and no complex social orpolitical organization. - All they had to do was totake what was offered. It was a change fromwant to comfort.The case is very different with China. ThatOccidental civilization in all its phases is superiorto Oriental civilization is not clearly established.The burden of proof is on the side that endeavorsto effect a change in the existing order of things.The mere assertion that one system is superior tothe other is not sufficient. It does not followthat a system which has been tried and provedsuccessful in the West must be suitable to theconditions which prevail in China. A superblandau runs with great smoothness and rapidityon the asphalt pavement of a city ; but that doesnot show that it can go any faster and more safelythan an old express wagon in a muddy countryroad. Sixty years of foreign intercourse have byno means convinced the Chinese that Westernways and methods are better than their own inall respects and under all conditions.Moreover, there has sprung up in late years aclass of imitators of foreigners among the Chinesein the treaty ports. Unfortunately they get holdof what is bad in the foreigner and leave outwhat is good. They learn to jabber in pigeonEnglish, to swear like troopers, to smoke cigarsand cigarettes, and to drink whisky and beer.By thus contracting the vices of the foreigner,they think they have acquired the accomplishments of a Western gentleman. This is not all.With their smattering of Western ways, they cometo hold in contempt the cherished customs oftheir own country, to treat their parents andsuperiors with rudeness and disrespect, to speakslightingly of everything which is regarded assacred and dear by the nation. In a word, "intheir attempt to paint a tiger," as the Chinesesaying is, " they have succeeded only in producing a dog." When a Chinese of the old school has such poor examples before him as the finishedproducts of Western refinement, is it a wonder thathe should hold up his hands in holy horror, andexclaim, "Are we coming to this?" As a loverof his country, he naturally uses his utmostendeavors to put off the evil day as long aspossible.If the people of the West would study the civilization of China instead of trying to pull it down,they will save themselves a great deal of trouble.They will find that the Chinese are not addictedto "ways that are dark and tricks that are vain,"as they are represented to be by an Americanpoet. They will find that China, old as she is,still exhibits all the strength and vigor of fullmaturity. They will find that the civilization thathas stood the test of forty centuries is far frombeing effete.* They will find that the propercourse to be pursued in putting China on the roadto prosperity and happiness is, not to shake thefoundations of her social and political fabric, butto allow her to incorporate such elements ofWestern civilization as she can assimilate. Onthe other hand, China must keep up with thetimes in the onward march of progress. To thisend, it is necessary for her to take lessons fromthe Western world. But she need not be a servile imitator. Her requirements are peculiar toher position among nations and to the growth ofher national life. By adopting from the Westonly what is best for her welfare, and avoidingeverything that is not suited to the conditions' andneeds of her people, she will transform herselfinto a modern nation without losing those elements of national character which have made hergreat and strong in the past. In this work ofregeneration she will doubtless need the serviceand assistance of some able and wise men fromthe West. In this country, at least, I am sure thatthere is no lack of such men, for thousands ofgraduates are turned out every year from various educational centers all over the land, fullyequipped by training to grapple with the problems of life. Of these educational centers, this'442 UNIVERSITY RECORDadmirable institution is a worthy representative,with so able a president, and so efficient a corpsof professors and instructors as this University isknown to have. She can no doubt furnish capablemen, not only for the public service of this country,but if need be, for giving wise counsel and rendering invaluable assistance to China.THE THIRTY-SEVENTH QUARTERLY STATEMENT.*Members of the University and Friends :It has been a rare privilege which we have enjoyed this afternoon, in listening to the addressof His Excellency, Mr. Wu. For many monthsduring which international relations have been asource of anxiety, it has given profound satisfaction to the American people that a man so considerate and so strong should have occupied inthis country the responsible position assigned byhis government to Mr. Wu. While we are persuaded that in every possible way he has actedfor the best interests of his own country, we areequally confident that his sense of justice, hisbroad-minded sympathy, his tact and his energetic effort, together with the executive skill andconsideration exhibited by the Secretary of Stateand the President of the United States, haveaverted the gravest international calamities.The University of Chicago and the city of Chicago are honored by the visit of this distinguishedguest; and we beg to assure him, as members andfriends of the University and as citizens of thisinland metropolis, that we appreciate the courtesyhe' has shown us, as well as the eloquent messagebrought us from so great a distance. When ouractual knowledge of facts concerning China andits inhabitants shall have become enlarged, andwhen this knowledge, however limited in amount.shall have become accurate knowledge, we shallbe in a better position to judge of the futurerelations between that great empire and other* Made by the President of the University on the occasionof the Thirty-seventh Convocation, held March 19, 1901. nations. In any and every case the thing neededis knowledge that has been gained at first hand ;and toward this end nothing would seem to me tobe more effective than that some of our youngermen, just finishing their college work, shouldtake it upon themselves to spend a more orless protracted season in the study of Chinesehistory, Chinese institutions, and the Chineselanguage. This work should certainly be donepartly in the country of China itself ; but preliminary training of a valuable character could beobtained in this and other institutions of learning,if there might be established chairs or lectureships for cultivating this department of learning.The presence and the words of His ExcellencyMr. Wu may surely be expected to stimulatethought and interest along the lines which he hasdiscussed in so eloquent a manner. Mr. Wu willtake away with him the good wishes of manyfriends who have met him for the first time duringthese days of his visit to Chicago. The Universityperhaps is performing an important service between nation and nation in thus providing anopportunity for the accredited representative df agreat empire to come into the very heart of ourrepublic and present a message which many millions of people will receive with most profoundinterest.THE DEATH OF PROFESSOR NORTHRUP.At the last convocation the greetings of theUniversity were sent to two eminent members ofthe staff who at that time were prevented by reasonof illness from performing their regular duties.One of these professors, Dr. George. W. Northrup,of the Department of Systematic Theology, hassince passed away. On January second, the opening day of the present quarter, the regular exercises were suspended, to permit the University todo honor to the memory of one who had been astrong leader in the work of establishing educational foundations in the West. The funeral service for Dr. Northrup was the first official act ofthe new quarter, of the hew year, as well as of thenew century. It will be for some of us a strongUNIVERSITY RECORD 443link connecting the new century with the old,and it will forever be a reminder to us of the influence which may be exerted by a strong personality. As the days go by, the actual results ofthis consecrated life will become more and moreapparent. To thejnen of the various theologicaldepartments of this University there is accordedtoday a larger freedom of thought and of expression of thought than ordinarily is accorded toprofessors in theological schools in the UnitedStates. This liberty, which promises very much,not only for the men concerned, but for the causeof Christianity at large, is due in large measureto the candor and to the strength of our departedcolleague. This inestimable privilege could nothave been secured in so young an institution andin the Mississippi valley, but for the sturdy andfearless speech and action of a strong character.His was such a character, and time will disclosestill more clearly the elements of strength whichcharacterized his long and faithful service.PROFESSOR VON HOLST.The other officer to whom greetings were sentat that time was Professor von Hoist, of the Department of History. To the more formal lettertransmitted to him by the Senate of the University,a copy of which has appeared in the UniversityRecord, Mr. von Hoist sends a reply which, bythe authority of the Senate, I make a part of thisquarterly statement. The letter is as follows :Sir : The address of the Senate of the University, of November 2, 1900, transmitted by the Recorder, ProfessorGoodspeed, with a letter stating its history, came to handyesterday. I beg to convey my thanks to the Senate forthis most unexpected act of friendly regard and good will,through you, as the head of the University. Even if I couldwrite in my mother tongue I should not be able to give adequate expression to my feelings. In the course of my life Ihave been honored in many a way, and much beyond mydeserts, by scientific institutions and learned associations,superiors, colleagues, and fellow-citizens. Among all thesehonors there is not one that I hold in higher esteem, and butone that I value as highly : a similar testimony by the Senate of the University of Freiburg, upon leaving that institution in order to assume the proffered professorship in the nascent University of Chicago. In the inheritance I shall leave my children they will find nothing they ought to appreciatemore than these two addresses. And in one respect thelater outranks the earlier. In Freiburg I had worked eighteen years and most of the time in the full vigor of ripe manhood. In Chicago I have been less than half that time,coming — as the Board of Trustees and you, Mr. President,were fully aware, when you invited me — as an invalid,and my health continuing to decline steadily and so fastthat I was compelled after a while to do but part of thework to be done and ultimately to cease working altogether. How, then, could I fail to be doubly impressedand touched by the extraordinary generosity displayed bythe Senate in passing judgment upon my brief Chicagocareer ? I, however, beg the Senate to believe that its verdict does not only make me very proud, but also teaches medue humility. Without reserve I most gratefully accept theexpressions of personal regard, friendliness, and sympathy.But as to the appreciation of the services rendered by me tothe University, I must answer my brother Senators, in allsincerity : to a large extent your kindness has prompted youto take the ardent wish and earnest will for the deed. Thisardent wish and earnest will I indeed claim. 'Fox I canrightfully assert that I was ever most anxious to do my fullduty, not only because it was my duty, but also because mywhole heart was with my work and with the institution withwhich I had concluded to cast my lot in spite of all thestrong ties that bound me to the University of Freiburg.And of one thing you may be assured : My heart will everremain thus attached to The University of Chicago, keenlyfeeling everything that concerns its weal and woe as amomentous personal affair, even if — as thus far, seems buttoo likely — the hopes for my health, set upon complete restand a better climate, should be doomed to cruel disappointment* Very respectfully,(Signed) H. von Holst.Florence, January 30, 1901.THE MEETING OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN UNIVERSITIES.A notable event in educational proceedingsduring the winter has been the second meetingof the Association of American Universities, held, in the city of Chicago on February 26, 27, and28. This association is an association not ofindividuals, but of universities, its present membership being fourteen. The purpose of the association is to consider various problems arisingin connection with university work, as distinguished from college work. At the meeting inFebruary four important questions were presentedfor discussion, namely :444 UNIVERSITY RECORD" Migration Among Graduate Students/' by Johns Hopkins University." The Type of Examination for the Doctor's Degree," byPrinceton University." Fellowships," by The University of Chicago." To what extent should a candidate for the doctor'sdegree be required to show a knowledge of subjects not immediately connected with his major subject?" by the University of Pennsylvania.It was conceded by all that important contributions were made to the common knowledge onthese subjects, and it was decided to publish indetail the proceedings of the association in orderthat the suggestions from the various universitiesmight be placed within the reach of all membersof the various faculties represented.It is believed that the work of this associationwill prove to be distinctly significant, and that animportant step has been taken toward the furthersystematization of higher educational work.Among the most enjoyable events of the meeting was the banquet tendered the association bythe University Club of the city of Chicago, ofwhich Mr. David B. Jones is president. Theprogramme of addresses on this occasion included :"Will college class feeling and organization some timedisappear in our colleges ? "" Special training for consular and diplomatic service."" Religion and science."" The three years' college course."" Freedom of speech in university circles.""University possibilities at Washington.""Shall professional schools require for admission thebachelor's degree ? "THE ORGANIZATION OF THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS.About a year ago Professor Stratton, of theDepartment of Physics, was appointed inspectorof weights and measures in the Geodetic andCoast Survey, with the view of aiding in legislation tending toward the establishment of a National Bureau of Standards which would becomparable with the similar institutions maintained by the other leading nations. ProfessorStratton made a thorough investigation of the conditions at present existing in the standardizing department of the United States CoastSurvey, and found that while Germany, France,and England each spend annually about $ 100,000for . the maintenance of national laboratorieswhich furnish legal standards for all scientific,commercial and manufacturing purposes, the.United States, one of the greatest commercialand manufacturing countries, confines its operations in this field to the calibration of surveyors'tapes at an annual outlay of about $7000 and iscontent to depend upon foreign laboratories forall other standards. The result of this policy hasbeen that the United States, having no standardsof its own, exercises no supervision over the instruments used throughout the land for measuringweight, length, temperature, light, electricity, etc.The extreme lack of enterprise of this country inthis respect has been long recognized and twobills providing for the establishment of a nationallaboratory had previously failed of passage because of the difficulty of awakening the interestof Congress in the needs of the country in thisregard. Professor Stratton spent two quarters indelivering Extension lectures before the legislators in Washington upon the subject, with theresult that at the close of the last session the billwhich he had framed, providing for the establishment of a national laboratory, was passed, practically without opposition, by both houses. PresidentMcKinley at once appointed Professor Strattonto the directorship of the new institution, anappointment which was not only altogether unsolicited, but wholly unexpected. Professor Strat-ton's first duty, if he accepts the appointment,will consist in the supervision of the construction xand equipment of the new $250,000 laboratory ofwhich he is to be the head. The working forceof the institution will consist of twelve, or morephysicists, chemists, mechanicians and assistants.It is a source of gratification to the Universitythat one of its members has been able to organizeso important a scientific work for the government,the country at large, and the cause of science.UNIVERSITY RECORD 445NEW APPOINTMENTS AND PROMOTIONS.The following new appointments and promotions have been made by the Board of Trusteesduring the Winter Quarter :new appointments.Mr. Jerome H. Raymond, President of the West VirginiaUniversity, to an Associate Professorship in the Departmentof Sociology, to do work in the University Extension Division.Mr. T. Atkinson Jenkins, Professor of Romance Languages in Swarthmore College, to an Assistant Professorshipin the Department of Romance Languages.Mr. Alleyne Ireland, to a Professorial Lectureship oncolonial politics, history, and commerce, and to be a specialcommissioner to visit eastern countries for the purpose ofmaking personal observations on these subjects and reporting the same to the University.Dr. Alonzo K. Parker, to a Professorial Lectureship inthe University, to the Recordership of the University, andto the Librarianship of the Divinity Library.Mr. Ferdinand Ellerman, to an Instructorship in Astrophysics, in the Yerkes Observatory.Mr. George W. Ritchey, to an Instructorship in PracticalAstronomy, in the Yerkes Observatory.Mr. Gerald Birney Smith, to an Instructorship in theDepartment of Systematic Theology in the Divinity School.Mr. John A. Parkhurst, S.B., to an Assistantship inAstronomy in the Yerkes Observatory.Mr. Edgar J. Goodspeed, to the Headship of Snell House.Miss Isabelle Bronk, to the Assistant Headship of BeecherHouse.promotions.Mr. Karl Pietsch, from an Assistant Professorship to anAssociate Professorship in Romance Languages and Literatures.Mr. S. H. Clark, from an Assistant Professorship to anAssociate Professorship, in the Department of Public Speaking.Mr. Robert Herrick, from an Assistant Professorship toan Associate Professorship in the Department of English.Mr. F. J. Miller, from an Assistant Professorship to anAssociate Professorship in the Department of Latin.Mr. Edwin Erie Sparks, from an Assistant Professorshipto an Associate Professorship in American history.Mr. Kurt Laves, from an Instructorship to an AssistantProfessorship in the Department of Astronomy.Mr. George H. Locke, from an Instructorship to anAssistant Professorship in the Department of Education.Mr. H. B. Almstedt, from an Associateship to an Instructorship in the Department of Germanic Languages.Mr. Horace Butterworth, from an Associateship to anInstructorship in the Department of Physical Culture. Mr. C. J. Chamberlain, from an Associateship to anInstructorship in the Department of Botany.Mr. Glenn M. Hobbs, from an Associateship to anInstructorship in the Department of Physics.Mr. H. C. Cowles, from an Assistantship to an Associate-ship in the Department of Botany.Mr. Wesley C. Mitchell, from an Assistantship to anAssociateship in the Department of Political Economy.Mr. H. Parker Williamson, from an Assistantship to anAssociateship in the Department of Romance Languages.Mr. Lisi Cecilia Cipriani, from a Docentship to anAssistantship in the Department of Romance Languages andand in the Department of Literature (in English).LEAVE OF ABSENCE.The following Instructors have been on leaveof absence during the Winter Quarter :Messrs.: James H. Breasted, Horace L. Butterworth,Clarence F. Castle, Frederic I. Carpenter, Charles Chandler,S. H. Clark (second term), Albert C. Eycleshymer, GeorgeB. Foster, Irving Hardesty, Henry R. Hatfield, Adolph C.Miller, J. W. Moncrief, William B. Owen, R. A. F. Penrose,Karl Pietsch, Ferdinand Schwill, Charles W. Seidenadel,Albion W. Small, Frederick Starr, Samuel W. Stratton, C.W. Votaw, Oscar L. Triggs, William C. Wilkinson, J. W.A. Young, Charles Zueblin.WINTER QUARTER STATISTICS.The attendance during the Winter Quarter of1 90 1 has been as follows :I. THE ATTENDANCE.School or College Men Women TotalThe Graduate Schools:Arts and LiteratureOgden (Graduate) School of Science in109 9423 205132Totals -----The Colleges:The Senior Colleges -The Junior CollegesThe University CollegeThe Unclassified Students - 2201442827550 11713325438685 337277536461135Totals The Divinity School:The Graduate Divinity SchoolThe Unclassified Divinity StudentsThe Dano-Norwegian Seminary -The Swedish Seminary 55i106152626 8585510 1409in202726Totals 173 11 184Grand Totals - 944 986 1930446 UNIVERSITY RECORDIt will be noticed that the registration for theWinter Quarter of 1901 has been larger thanduring any other Winter Quarter in the historyof the University, as shown by the followingstatement :raduate Colleges Divinity Total347 579 177 II03285 606 185 1076329 662 183 1174358 932 172 1462360 1148 200 1701THE SUMMER QUARTER.The following special announcements are madeconcerning the work of the Summer Quarter.Special appointments for work in this quarterare:The Rev. Marcus Dods, D.D., Professor of New Testament Exegesis in New College, Edinburgh, Scotland.Professor Caspar Rend Gregory, Ph.D., D.D.y LL.D., Professor Ordinarius Honorarius of Theology, in the Universityof Leipzig.Professor E. Benjamin Andrews, Chancellor of the University of Nebraska, to lecture on ethics.Professor Maxime Kovalevsky, of the University of St.Petersburg, Russia, to lecture on Russian institutions, thisbeing the first course of lectures on the Charles R. Cranefoundation.Professor Louis Celestin Monin, Ph.D., of Armour Institute.Professor F. B. R. Hellems, Ph.D., of the University ofColorado.Dr. Theodore C. Burgess, Assistant Professor of Greekand Latin in the Bradley Polytechnic Institute, Peoria.Dr. Herbert Newby McCoy, Assistant Professor of Chemistry, University of Utah.Dr. William D. Merrell, Instructor in Botany in the University of Rochester.Dr. Otis William Caldwell, Instructor in Botany in theEastern Illinois State Normal School.Dr. J. B. E. Jonas, Instructor in German, Purdue University.Mr. Aaron Hodgman Cole, A.M., to lecture in biology.Mr. Elliot R. Downing, S.M., to assist in zoology.Miss Dorcas F. Merriman, to assist in physical culture,Mr. Samuel Monds Coulter, A.M., to assist in botany.Mr. Burton E. Livingston, S.B., to assist in botany.Mr. Harry N. Whitford, S.B., to assist in botany.Mr. Russell D. George, A.M., to assist in zoology.Mr. Eugene H. Harper, A.M., to assist in zoology.M r. Shinkishi Hatai, to assist in neurology. Mr. George H. Garrey, S.B., to assist in field work ingeology.Dr. John H. McDonald, to assist in mathematics.Mr. Arthur Constant Lunn, A.B., to assist in astronomy.Mr. D. G. Revell, M.B., to assist in anatomy.THE LIBRARY.During the Winter Quarter, Jan. 1 to April 1,1 90 1, there has been added to the Library of theUniversity a total number of 2929 volumes, fromthe following sources :Books added by purchase, 1594 vols., distributed as follows :General Library, 227 vols.; Philosophy, 65 vols.;Pedagogy, 32 vols.; Political Economy, 36 vols.;Political Science, 180 vols.; History, no vols.;Classical Archaeology, 6 vols.; Sociology, 23 vols.;Sociology (Divinity), 15 vols.; Anthropology, 13vols.; Comparative Religion, 7 vols.; Semitic, 87vols.; New Testament, 40 vols.; Comparative Philology, 18 vols.; Greek, 56 vols.; Latin, 28 vols*;Latin and Greek, 6 vols.; Romance, 7 vols.; German, 57 vols.; English, 149 vols.; Mathematics,33 vols.; Astronomy (Ryerson), 2 vols.; Chemistry,14 vols.; Physics, 17 vols.; Geology, 13 vols.;Zoology, 19 vols,; Anatomy, 3 vols.; Physiology,3 vols.; Botany, 26 vols.; Church History, 27 vols.;Systematic Theology, 44 vols.; Homiletics, 14vols.; Morgan Park Academy, 51 vols.; Dano-Norwegian and Swed. Theol. Sem., 152 vols.;Literature (in English), 1 vol.; Biology, 5 vols.;General Library, Mathematics, Physics, 8 vols.Books added by exchange for University publications, 409 vols., distributed as follows :General Library, 276 vols.; Philosophy, 4 vols.;Pedagogy, 6 vols.; Political Economy, 17 vols.;Political Science, 4 vols.; Sociology, 25 vols.; Sociology (Divinity), 1 vol.; Anthropology, 1 vol.;Comparative Religion, 4 vols.; Semitic, 6 vols.;New Testament, n vols.; German, 1 vol.; English, 1 vol.; Geology, 4 vols.; Botany, 20 vols.;Church History, 12 vols.; Systematic Theology,12 vols.; Homiletics, 2 vols.; Haskell, 2 vols.During the January-March quarter there havebeen added to the Library of the University ofUNIVERSITY RECORD 447Chicago by gift 926 volumes, distributed as follows :General Library, 717 vols.; Pedagogy, 20 vols.;Political Economy, 28 vols.; Political Science, 4vols.; History, 7 vols.; Sociology, 3 vols.; Sociology (Div.), 1 vol.; Anthropology, 1 vol.; Comparative Religion, 2 vols.; Semitic, 3 vols.; NewTestament, 43 vols.; Comparative Philology, 1vol.; Latin, 1 vol.; Romance, 15 vols.; English,22 vols.; Mathematics, 4 vols.; Geology, 3 vols.;Physiology, 1 vol.; Botany, 2 vols.; Church History, 22 vols.; Systematic Theology, 1 vol.;Homiletics, 2 vols.; Divinity, 1 vol.; Music, 1vol.; Haskell, 20 vols.; Biology, 1 vol.SPECIAL GIFTS.Mr. C. R. Gregory, 147 vols, and pamphlets,mainly theological; U. S. Government, 100 vols.,documents; President W. R. Harper, 40 vols.,Reports and Catalogues of the Paris Expositionand miscellaneous books ; London School Board,Reports ; Lady Meux, " Miracles of the BlessedVirgin;" Mr. E. B. McCagg, 245 vols., LawJournal and Jurist ; Mr. F. I. Carpenter, 18 vols.,British Theatre and other dramatic works; TheSociety of the Army of the Cumberland, 24 vols.,Reports ; Mr. S. A. Green, 9 vols., miscellaneous ;Mr. F. W. Shepardson, 5 vols., miscellaneous ;Mr. C. R. Henderson, 5 vols., Government andState reports ; Mr. Charles A. Sawyer, 16 vols.,Duruy's History of Rome and the Roman People;Province of Canada, 3 vols., documents ; Mr.George M. Eckels, 6 vols., Revolutionary andDiplomatic Correspondence ; Miss Lucy E. Chambers, 6 vols., Text-books and English Literature ;Mr. Earl B. Ferson, 4 vols., New York Agricultural Reports ; Mayor Carter H. Harrison, 3 vols.,Common Council Proceedings ; Smithsonian Institution, 4 vols., Reports ; Mr. R. G. Moulton, 2vols., Introduction to the Literature of the Bible ;Mr. G. C. Taylor, 23 vols., Literature of theM. E. Church and miscellaneous; Mrs. ZellaAllen Dixson, n vols., Fiction and miscellaneous. THE UNION OF THE CHIGAGO INSTITUTE AND THE UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO.It has already been announced through thepress that the Trustees of the Chicago Instituteand the Trustees of the University of Chicagohave deemed it wise to unite their interests andjoin in building up in Chicago a school of education for the training of teachers which shall beestablished on the broadest lines. Each of theseparate interests thus combined was large andstrong before the combination. The union of theinterests thus involved has for its results notmerely the adding together of the two, but thesetting in motion of influences which will multiply many times the strength and advantageousposition of each of the combined institutions.The Chicago Institute, on the one hand, contributes to this end :A splendid staff of instructors, each an expertin his department, and each selected with specialreference to his ability to train teachers — a staffmade up of men and women who are united inspirit and purpose, and by whom public schoolwork has already been greatly influenced throughthe ideals which they have set forth and theteachers whom they have trained.The Institute, still further, contributes a leaderof acknowledged strength and merit, Mr. FrancisW. barker, known among educators throughoutthe country as^one who has for many years foughtthe battles of modern ideas and modern methodsin public-school education ; recognized as onewho occupies today a unique position, in that heis surrounded by a chosen staff of men andwomen with whom he has long been associatedand with whom he is in the most complete, harmony; regarded on every side as a man of highideals, of modern conceptions, and of successfulachievement.The Institute contributes thus the. accumulatedstrength of an institution the history of which, ina true sense, goes back many years, and presentsa strong and brilliant record.448 UNIVERSITY RECORDFrom the University's side there are also to bereckoned factors of an important character.Among these there will at once appear the advantages offered in the way of library and laboratoryfacilities, which, provided at a cost of millions ofdollars, will be used as freely by the students ofthe new school as by other students of the University.There is also to be noted the advantages of instruction offered in the general departments ofthe University. It is understood that perhapsone third of the work of the student in the newschool will be done in one or another of theUniversity's departments, that department in eachcase being selected by the student according tohis own choice.There will be the freedom, and as well the incentive, which comes in connection with thelarger academic atmosphere — an element whichmay not be counted or measured, the influenceof which, however, plays an important part ineducational work.The University will bring into close associationwith this work the experience and skill of a strongfaculty in its department heretofore called pedagogy, hereafter to be known as the Departmentof Education. This particular faculty, it maybe said without seeming to boast, ranks todaywith any faculty dealing with the same subject inan American institution. Its members are regarded everywhere as leaders of thought andwork, and its head, Professor Dewey, stands todayas the foremost philosopher of education in theEnglish-speaking world. The work of the University Elementary School, conducted in order tosecure a proper formulation of the newer ideas ofeducation as involved in his philosophy of Schooland Society, has rightly been declared the mostinteresting and important single piece of experimental work in education now being carried on.This experience and the results of this workform a notable contribution to the science of education, with which the University, through itsrepresentative, Professor Dewey, may be credited. In addition, by the action of the Trustees ofthe South Side Academy, and by that of theTrustees of the Chicago Manual Training School,these institutions, with their accumulated strengthof years, will be joined with the new undertaking.Mr. Belfield, with his seventeen years of work withthe Chicago Manual Training School, has performed a unique service, the benefit of which is feltby every educational institution in the West. Thisinstitution, at one time the only manual-trainingschool, now surrounded by scores of similar institutions of which it may be called the parent, willnow again take a unique position, in having itsresources employed for the higher work of preparing teachers of manual training. Its old workof preparing boys for higher schools of engineering will, of course, continue.Mr. Owen's peculiar strength in attaching tohimself young men and women, and his ability tostimulate his pupils to do the best work of whichthey were capable, have become well-known to avery wide circle of parents in Chicago in connection with the South Side Academy. This school,first established by Mr. Sisson, now Director of theBradley Polytechnic Institute of Peoria, and inthese later years conducted by Mr. Owen, will becontinued by the University much as it has been intimes past, except with greatly improved facilities.There is still to be mentioned the magnificentcontribution of Mrs. Emmons Blaine, madethrough the Trustees of the Chicago Institute —Mr. Owen F. Aldis, Mr. Henry Baird Favill, Mr.Cyrus Bentley, Mr. Stanley McCormick, and Mrs.Blaine herself — the sum of one million dollars,to be used in part for grounds, buildings, andequipment, and in part for endowment of thisproposed work. This splendid gift marks one ofthe most important forward steps in educationalwork ever made in the middle West. Money hasbeen given freely for colleges and universities;but in this case the real purpose of the gift is touplift and upbuild the public-school system ofeducation, by furnishing to those whose life-workshall be to teach in these schools, advantagesUNIVERSITY RECORD 449which may not ordinarily be obtained. All honorto this high-minded purpose ! All honor to thewoman who has cherished this purpose for a longtime, and so fondly that it has actually taken formand become a thing no longer dreamed of, but atlasj: accomplished !It is understood that for six years, beginningJuly i, the University assumes certain obligationsas to the amount of money which shall be expended in this work. In accordance with theseobligations, the annual budget of the School ofEducation and the Department of Education, including the work of the schools connected withthem, will be not far from $ 120,000.It is understood that immediate steps will betaken to erect near the present grounds of theUniversity a building which shall cost the sum of$325,000; this will be by far the largest and mostexpensive building erected in connection withthe University.It is understood that the Trustees of the Chicago Institute, with others to be added to thenumber, shall constitute an advisory committeein connection with the work.The name of the new school will be " The University of Chicago School of Education."This union of two institutions has taken placebecause it became evident to clear-thinking menand women that it would bring about greatereconomy of resources and greater efficiency ofresults ; in other words, because at the Universitythe same work could be done for one dollar which,away from the University, would cost one dollarand fifty cents; and because, away from the University, there could not possibly be duplicatedthe libraries, laboratories, and general facilitiesalready established at the University.The union was made possible because two leaders in educational work, in strong and close sympathy with the ideas of each other, saw clearlythe difficulty and the absurdity of unnecessaryduplication of work ; the importance and the necessity of making such adjustment as would leadto the most scientific results. The University bids a hearty welcome to thenew members of the various staffs who are now tobecome members of the University staff. Evidence has already been given of the heartiness ofthis welcome. The future has great things in storefor the University's Department, and for the University's School, of Education. The Universityexpresses once more to the Chicago public itsappreciation of the confidence which has thusbeen shown in its work and in its spirit. Tohave been given so important a trust, by men andwomen of Chicago like those who constitute theBoard of the Chicago Institute, is indeed anhonor. We pledge ourselves that this trust, received in the spirit with which it has been given,will be administered with all possible care, andwith absolute consideration of the wishes of thedonors, as those wishes have been from time totime expressed.REPORT OF ACTIONS OF UNIVERSITY RULING BODIESFOR MARCH 1901.1. The Board of Libraries, Laboratories, and Museums :Meeting of March 16. — i) A report of a committee on the relation of Departmental Librariesto the General Library was adopted and orderedforwardedfto the University Congregation in thefollowing form :To The Board of Libraries, Laboratories,and Museums:Your Committee appointed to consider the recommendations respecting the Library Buildingpresented to the Congregation by the severalgroups of departments, and by the Congregationreferred to the Board of Libraries, Laboratories,and Museums, begs leave in reporting to statethe following four principles which the Committee conceives should be recognized in the determination of the policy of the University inrespect to its library.i. That while the maintenance of the departmental system is indispensable to the best development and the most profitable use of the libraryresources of the University, each department andgroup being specially responsible for and inter-450 UNIVERSITY RECORDested in the books pertaining to that departmentor group, yet all the library resources of the University should be recognized as belonging to theUniversity as a whole, and should be as easilyaccessible as possible to any person who is competent to make use of them, the entire administration being directed to the cultivationof what may be called the library habit on thepart of the student, and the promotion of research.2. That in the interest of investigators whosestudies must often cross the lines separating departments and even groups, it is desirable to concentrate the library resources of the University asfar as possible at some one point. There shouldtherefore be one central building in which a largeproportion of the books of the University shouldbe deposited, and at which any book possessedby the University, and not at that moment inuse, could be consulted, books from various departments being, when needful, temporarilybrought together.3. That in the ease of all departments havinglaboratories, and some departments having museums, it is indispensably requisite that theirlibrary resources should in large part be in thesame building with such laboratories and museumsin order to be available in immediate connectionwith experimentation and study of museum material.4. That in the interest of undergraduates andother students doing ordinary class-room work itis highly desirable that there should be carefullyselected collections of books in close connectionwith lecture rooms in order to promote the useof books in connection with lecture and recitationcourses on the part of the student not chiefly engaged in research work.In conformity with these principles the committee recommend :I. That the University adopt as its policy, tobe executed when the means shall be provided,the erection and maintenance of a Central Library Building which shall contain both the University General Library and eight group libraries,one for each of the following groups :1. Philosophy and \ History, including the departments of Philosophy, History, Sociology, Political Economy, Political Science, and Law.2. Theology and Semitic Languages, includingComparative Religion, Semitic Languages,Biblical and Patristic Greek, Church History,Theology, and Homiletics. 3. Classical Languages, including Greek, Latin,Comparative Philology, and Archaeology.4. Modern Languages, including Germanic Languages, Romance Languages, English, Literature in English, and Public Speaking.5. Mathematics and Astronomy.6. Physics, Chemistry, and Technology. (Cf. VI.)7. Biology and Geology, including Geology, Paleontology, Botany, Zoology, Anatomy, Physiology, and Medicine. {Cf. VI.)8. Music and Fine Arts.II. That (subject to the qualification indicatedin IV) there be maintained for each departmentor group in the lecture room building of such department or group a local library, and that suchlocal library be administered in connection withthe related group library in the Central LibraryBuilding. For convenience of designation thelocal library should be named in each case fromthe building in which the library is located, or incase there are two such libraries in the same building, by some other convenient designation whichwill distinguish the local library from the grouplibrary in the Central Library Building.III. That in the case of groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5(with the qualification indicated in XI below),and 8, the group library constitute in each casethe main research library of the departmentswhich constitute the group, being administeredwith primary reference to the needs of instructorsand graduate students in the departments represented.IV. That in the case of groups 2, 3, and 4,and in the case of groups 1, 5, and 8, with thequalifications indicated in* sections IX, X, XI, andXII below, the local library (to be established ineach case when the needs of the department orgroup concerned demand it and the availablefunds permit) be administered mainly for the useof undergraduates and students not engaged inresearch work, that it consist of books in mostconstant use by students in connection with ordinary class work, and that no book be permanentlyassigned to it of which there is not a duplicatein the Central Library Building. Books neededfor use in connection with particular coursesshould be, on request of a professor, transferredto the local library from the group library, orfrom the General Library of the University, for alimited period and subject to suitable regulations.V. That in casex>f group 6, and in the case ofgroup 7 with the qualifications indicated in XIII ]UNIVERSITY RECORD 451and XIV below, the local library constitute ineach case the main departmental library of thatdepartment, and that it be not restricted toduplicates, but contain all such books as in thejudgment of the departments concerned are necessary for use in research work in the laboratoryor museum building, and be administered withprimary reference to the needs of instructors andgraduate students fn the department.VI. That in groups 6 and 7 the group libraryin the Central Library Building be administeredin each case as an adjunct to the main departmental libraries of the group which are locatedin the departmental buildings, serving as a placeof deposit and consultation for series of bookswhich, since they concern equally various departments located in different buildings must necessarily be kept in a place equally accessible toall, and for other books which for any reason itis desirable to preserve, although no longerneeded in the working library contained in thelaboratory or museum building, as, for example,such as have been superseded by more recentworks, but which have a value for the history ofthe science.To mark the special character of the grouplibraries in these cases they may be designatedby some special title, such as the Supplemental orAdjunct group library of departments. Should it at any time prove more desirable the group libraries of these two groups maybe merged in the General Library.VII. That in groups 6 and 7 provision bemade for the special needs of undergraduateseither (a) in connection with the library in thelaboratory buildings, or (&) by a special undergraduate library of science in the Central LibraryBuilding, or (c) in the general reading-room ofthe General Library, as experience shall show tobe most expedient.VIII. That all group libraries located in theCentral Library Building and all research departmental libraries in departmental buildingsbe maintained on substantially the same plan asthat now pursued for the group libraries in thevarious buildings, such libraries being under theoversight of an adviser representing the departments concerned, and being administered withprimary reference to the needs of instructors andgraduate students in the departments represented,but with due consideration also of the interestsof the whole University. IX. That the subject of Law and Jurisprudencebe included, so far as advanced research work isconcerned, in group 1 in the Central LibraryBuilding ; but that there also be maintained foruse in connection with law lectures a local libraryof law books, strictly so-called, such library to belocated in the building of the Law School whensuch building is erected, and that the rule respecting duplicates be not applied to the bookscomposing such local library.X. That the Department of Philosophy berepresented in the group library of group 1, andin the local library for undergraduates in thelecture room building of that department, but thatit be also represented, as respects the work in Experimental Psychology, in a special researchlibrary in the Psychological Laboratory, andthat the books designated for this latter purpose be not subject to the rule respecting duplicates.XL That the rule respecting duplicates benot applied to the Department of Astronomy,such books as are needed for use in the observatories being kept there without requirement oftheir duplication in the Central Library Building.XII. That in group 8 the rule respecting duplicates be not applied to music score books.XIIL That the Medical School be representedin the group library of group 7, and, as respectsbooks needed in connection with laboratoryresearch, in the departmental libraries of Anatomyand Physiology, but that there be also maintained,in the building in which medical lectures are delivered and for the special use of students attendingsuch lectures, a local library to be administeredsubstantially on the plan indicated for the locallibraries of groups 1 to 5, being composed exclusively of books duplicated either in the CentralLibrary Building, or in the departmental librariesin the biological buildings.XIV. That if hospitals are at any time erectedin connection with the Medical School, small collections of medical books be also provided foruse in connection with clinics, such collections tobe administered in the same way as the medicallibrary in the medical building.XV. That in order to reduce to the minimumthe disadvantages entailed by the scattering of thelibrary resources in various buildings, and to conserve the interests of investigators whose workcovers several departments, there be maintained452 UNIVERSITY RECORDa system of communication by messenger or otherwise between the General Library and all groupand local libraries on the University grounds,by which it shall be possible for an investigatordesiring to use together books located in differentbuildings to obtain such books on reasonablenotice at the central building; and furthermorethat the General Librarian shall have access at alltimes to all libraries of the University and havethe right to call for any book in any library notat the moment actually in use, and not reservedfor the use of students or instructors at a giventime, provided, however, that such books shall bepromptly returned to the library from which theycame as soon as the immediate need for them atthe General Library has ceased, or, on information that they are needed for the use of instructors or students in the group or local library fromwhich they came.XVI. That the General Library maintain (i) ageneral University circulating library, containingsuch books as it is desirable should be accessibleto all members of the University and open to bedrawn for use outside the building, and (2) a general reference library ; that it also receive and holdsubject to suitable regulation such general collections of books as belong to several groups incommon but which are too expensive to be duplicated in the several groups, and any other bookswhich for any reason the departments do not wishat present in their library rooms.XVII. Aside from details, therefore, it is recommended in general (a) that the Universitypossess (1) a general library ; (2) a series ofgroup libraries in the Central Library Building ;(3) a series of local libraries ; {b) that the locallibraries be of two kinds as respects function,viz., in groups 6 and 7 departmental (research)libraries, in groups 1-5 and 8 undergraduate libraries ; (c) that the group libraries be, in all cases,research libraries, but in groups 6 and 7 subsidiaryto the main departmental libraries in the department buildings ; and, further, (d) that provision bemade for undergraduates working in departments6 and 7, and for professional students of law andmedicine as the necessities in each case demand,substantially as above indicated.XVIII. The above propositions indicate thepolicy which, in the judgment of the committeeshould be adopted in the construction of the permanent Library Building, and which should bekept in view in any steps that are taken in the matter. Till such permanent building is erectedit will obviously be necessary that each department or group shall have but one library, andthat this shall in each case be in the departmentalbuilding.2. The Board of Student Organizations, etc.:Meeting of March g. — 1) Request of managerof Dramatic Club to repeat its recent dramaticrepresentation in various parts of Chicago refused.3. The Board of University Affiliations :Meeting of March 2. — 1) The Dean of Affiliations reported that the Departmental Examinershad expressed approval of the requirements foradmission contained in the pamphlet of the College Entrance Examination Board (see above).It was, therefore, understood that the recommendation of the committee was adopted to the effectthat the University unite in the organization ofthis board and accept its findings. The report ofthe committee was thereupon recommended to theBoard of Trustees. 2) Continuance of affiliationwith the Princeton-Yale School and recognitionof Mr. P. S. Wild as dean was approved. 4) Thecommittee on the University School for Girlsreported favorably upon the application of thisschool for affiliation. The report was receivedand placed on file. 4) The following reportupon the relation of the Board for Recommendation of Teachers to the Board of UniversityAffiliations was received, amended, adopted, andits recommendations forwarded to the Board ofTrustees.1. That in place of the Board for Recommendation ofTeachers a standing committee of the Board of UniversityAffiliations be continued — to be called the "Committee forRecommendation of Teachers."2. That this committee consist of the DepartmentalExaminers.3. That the official formerly styled " Secretary of theBoard for Recommendation of Teachers" be ex-officio amember of the Board of Affiliations and permanent chairmanof the Committee for Recommendation of Teachers.4. That a secretary be appointed tol take charge of thework of the committee while the chairman is not in resi-UNIVERSITY RECORD 453dence, and to assist the chairman during the Spring andSummer Quarters when the business of the Board for Recommendation of Teachers has proved most burdensome.4. The Board of Physical Culture and Athletics :Meeting of March 2. — 1) The nomination ofMr. T. A. Patterson, Jr., to represent the University for the next year in the new IntercollegiateAssociation was approved.5, The Faculty of the Junior Colleges :Meeting of March 16. — 1) The following reporton student advisers adopted and referred to theUniversity Council :It is recommended that after October 1, 1 901, eachJunior College student shall have the privilege of selectingfrom the teaching staff of the University, an adviser whoseduty it shall be to give counsel to the student, upon educational or other subjects concerning which the studentreidess advice.2) The following persons admitted with advanced standing :H. T. Baker, Florence Cass, Francelia Colby, Emma E.Davis, G. Doneck, A. M. Doolin, Marie A. Dunne, Janet Low,Helen B. Main, J. V. McNally, Kate B. Miller, Marinda W.Miller, W. L. Richardson, J. L. Smith, Marcia O. Smith,Frances H. Stephens, Katherine Sullivan, Alice P. Watson,Nina M. Watson, Frances B. Wells, H. J. Bruere, C. M.McConn.6. The Faculty of the Senior Colleges :Meeting of March g. — 1) The following personsadmitted with advanced standing :J. L. Baer, E. V. DePew, H. Ella McGuire, Mary Zimmerman, M. V. Gantz.2) Recommendation made that in connectionwith the list of students in the Annual Registerthe names of institutions which are not recognizedby the University as giving proper collegiate instruction be omitted from the list. 3) A newregulation respecting the presentation of claimsfor advanced standing credit adopted as follows :Students who present claims for advanced standing mustspecify in their statements at the outset all the work forwhich they expect to receive credit. Credit will not begiven at a later time for work not thus specified, unless thecase is re-opened by special vote of the Faculty.7. The Faculties of the Graduate Schools (in jointsession) :Meeting of March 16. — 1) Samuel B. Sinclair admitted to candidacy for degree of Ph.D. (Pedagogy and Philosophy).8. The University Council :Meeting of March g. — 1) The Recorder presented a plan contemplating the substitution oflarge bulletins for the weekly issues of the University Record. The sense of the council was thatthese be substituted for the. weekly Record. Threedissenting votes were recorded. 2) On recommendation of the Recorder the rule of the Councilrequiring the recording of students as " passed "in case reports are not presented at the propertime by the instructor, was rescinded.9. The University Senate :Meeting of March 16.— 1) Letter from Mr. vonHoist received and ordered spread on the minutes.2) Mr. Capps, on recommendation, appointededitor-in-chief of the proposed Decennial Volumes. 3) The action taken that a limit be fixedof three to five lines for descriptions of coursesin all official publications, unless departmentsconcerned make special request for more space.OFFICIAL NOTICES.Reports for the Winter Quarter. — Allinstructors are requested to observe that allreports for courses given during the WinterQuarter are due at the Recorder's Office (or theFaculty Exchange) not later than i2:oom., Tuesday, March 26. // is of the utmost importancethat every course be recorded fully and promptly.Blanks will be furnished through the FacultyExchange not later than Tuesday, March 19.Examinations for Higher Degrees are heldas follows :PH.D.Susan Wade Peabody. Political Science, History. [Examination in Secondary.] C 7 c, Wednesday, March 20, 1901, 4 : 00 p. m.THE CALENDAR.MARCH 23-31, 1901.Saturday, March 23, to Sunday, March 31.Quarterly Recess.Announcements of ^h™agoEpreTsIENGLISHThe Assembly of Gods; or, The Accord of Reason and Sensuality in the Pear of Death. ByJohn Lydgate. Edited by Oscar LovellTriggs. 192 pages. Royal 8vo, paper, net, $1.00.Metaphor and Simile in the Minor ElizabethanDrama. By Frederic Ives Carpenter. 217pages. Royal 8vo, paper, net, $1.00. The Treatment of Nature in English Poetry Between Pope and a Wordsworth. By Myra Reynolds. 280 pages. Royal 8vo, paper, net, 75cents.The Arte or Crafte of Rhethoryke. (LeonardCox.) Edited by Frederic Ives Carpenter,Ph.D. 117 pages. Royal 8vo, paper, net, $1.00.languagesStudies in Classical Philology. Vol. I, 8vo,239 pages. Boards, net, $1.50. Vol. II, 8vo, 243pages. Boards, net, $1.50. Vol. Ill, in preparation.Syntax of the Moods and Tenses in^New Testament Greek. By Ernest D. Burton. 215 pages.i2mo. Cloth, net, $1^50. Germanic Studies. Containing three numbers.Royal 8vo, paper, net, per number, 50 cents.Assyrian and Babylonian Letters. Edited byRobert Francis Harper. In four parts withplates of texts. 8vo, cloth, net, per part, $6.00.Parts five and six in preparation.religion and theologyThe Primitive Era of Christianity as Recordedin the Acts of the Apostles, 30-63 A. D. ByClyde W. Votaw. 122 pages. 8vo, paper, 25cents.Constructive Studies in the Life of Christ. ByErnest D. Burton and Shailer Mathews.Prepared for use in advanced Bible classes, withmany corrections and additions since its appearancein the Biblical World in 1900. 302 pages. 8vo,cloth, #1.00.The Present Status of the Inquiry Concerningthe Genuineness of the Pauline Epistles. ByBernhard Weiss, Theol.D. 78 pages. Royal8vo, paper, 50 cents.Books for New Testament Study. Prepared byClyde Weber Votaw and Charles F. Bradley. 80 pages. Royal 8vo, paper, 50 cents; cloth,75 cents.The Contest for Liberty of Conscience in England. By Wallace St. John. 155 pages. Royal8vo, paper, 50 cents; cloth, 75 cents.philosophy and pedagogyThe School and Society. By John Dewey.Third edition. 130 pages. i2mo, cloth with gilttop, $1.00.Contributions to Philosophy. Vol. I, containing five numbers. 8vo, paper, net, per number,35 cents. V6l. II, containing two numbers. 8vo,paper, net, per number, 35 cents.sociology and anthropologyBulletins of Anthropology. By FrederickStarr. Comprising four numbers. Royal 8vo,paper, net, per number, 50 cents.Standards of Living in its Relation to EconomicTheory and Land Nationalization. By Frederick W. Sanders. 64 pages. Royal 8vo, paper,50 cents.political science and political economyThe Science of Finance. An authorized translation of Gustave Cohn's " Finanzwissenschaft."By T. B. Veblen. 800 pages. Royal 8vo, cloth,#3-50.History of the Union Pacific Railway. ByHenry Kirke White. 132 pages. Royal 8vo,cloth, #1.50.The Indian Silver Currency. By Karl Ell-STAETER. Translated from the German by J.Laurence Laughlin. 132 pages. Royal 8vo,cloth, #1.25. The Prospects of the Small College, ky President William R. Harper. 50 pages. i2mo,paper, net, 25 cents.Report of the Educational Commission of theCity of Chicago. Second edition. 250 pages.Royal 8vo, paper, net, $1.00.An Analysis of the Social Structure of a Western Town. By Arthur W. Dunn. 53 pageswith maps. Royal 8vo, paper, net, 25 cents.Food as a Factor in Student Life. By EllenH. Richards and Marion Talbot. 28 pages.Royal 8vo, paper, net, 25 cents.State Aid to Railways in Missouri. By JohnW. Million, A.M. 264 pages. Royal 8vo, cloth,#1.75-History of the Latin Monetary Union. ByHenry Parker Willis. Royal 8vo , cloth , #2.50.The Charters of the City of Chicago. By Edmund J. James. In two parts. Royal 8vo, paper,net, per part, 50 cents.The Education of Business Men. By EdmundJ. James. 322 pages. 8vo, paper, net, 50 cents.THE FIRST COMPLETE CATALOGUE OF THE PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOPRESS WILL BE SENT ON APPLICATION. ADDRESSThe University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IllinoisThe Journals of the University of ChicagoBEING THE DESCRIPTIVE LIST OF FOUR MONTHLY,ONE WEEKLY, ONE BI-MONTHLY, THREE QUARTERLY,AND one semi-quarterly publications^^the biblical worldEdited by President W. R. Harper. A popular illustratedmonthly magazine. Subscription price in the United States,$2.00 a year; foreign, $2.50; single copies, 20 cents.The Biblical World is devoted exclusively to biblicalstudy, and so edited and illustrated as to afford thegreatest aid to the busy clergyman, the progressiveSunday-school teacher, and the thinking layman.the school reviewPublished monthly, except in July and August. Subscriptionprice in the United States, #1.50 a year; foreign, $2.00;single copies, 20 cents.So adequately has the School Review served theinterests of High School and Academy work that it hascome to be recognized as the official organ of secondary education in the United States. It is devoted exclusively to this field, is progressive, practical, andhelpful, and is indispensable to every teacher.the botanical gazetteEdited by John M. Coulter. Published monthly, with illustrations. Subscription price, $4.00 a year in the UnitedStates; foreign, $4.50; single copies, 50 cents.The Botanical Gazette is an illustrated monthlyjournal devoted to botany in its widest sense. Formore than twenty years it has been the representativeAmerican journal of botany, containing contributions'from the leading botanists of America and Europe.THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY Edited by Albion W. Small. Publishedbi-monthly, with illustrations. Subscription price, $2.00 ayear in the United States; foreign, $2.50; single copies, 35cents.The special aim of the American Journal of Sociology is to show that the " social problem " is bothmany problems and one problem. It has alreadymade itself indispensable to Americans who are tryingto keep informed about the general tendencies in therapidly changing field of sociology.THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SEMITICLANGUAGES AND LITERATURESEdited by President William R. Harper of the University ofChicago. Published quarterly. Subscription price, $3.00 ayear; foreign, $3.25; single copies, 75 cents.The object of this journal is to encourage the studyof the Semitic languages and literatures, to furnishinformation concerning the work of Semitic studentsat home and abroad, and to act as a medium for thepublication of scientific contributions in those departments. Articles are published in the German, Frenchand Latin, as well as in English. THE JOURNAL OF GEOLOGYEdited by T. C. Chamberlin. Published semi-quarterly, withillustrations. Subscription price, $3.00 a year in the UnitedStates; foreign, $3.50; single copies, 50 cents.Devoted to the interests of geology and the alliedsciences, and contains articles covering a wide rangeof subjects. Adapted to young geologists, advancedstudents, and teachers.THE ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNALEdited by George E. Hale. Published monthly, except in February and August, with illustrations. Subscription price,$4.00 a year; foreign, $4.50; single copies, 50 cents.An international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics. Invaluable to all who are interestedin astronomy and astrophysics.THE JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECON-OMY Edited by J. Laurence Laughlin. Publishedquarterly. Subscription price, $3.00 a year; single copies,75 cents.This publication promotes the scientific treatmentof problems in practical economics, and also containscontributions on topics of theoretical and speculativeinterest.THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THEOLOGY Edited by the Divinity Faculty of the University of Chicago. Published quarterly. Subscription price,$3.00 a year in the United States; foreign, $3.50; singlecopies, 75 cents.The only journal in the world so catholic in its scopeas to cover the entire field of modern investigation andresearch in all the different lines of theological thoughtrepresented by special fields and particular schools.THE UNIVERSITY RECORDEdited by the Recorder of the University. Published weekly onFridays at 3:00 P. M. Yearly subscription, $1.00; singlecopies, 5 cents.The University Record is the official weekly publication of the University of Chicago. It contains articles on literary and educational topics. The quarterlyconvocation addresses and the president's quarterlystatements are published in the Record in authorizedform, together with a weekly calendar of Universityexercises. A special monthly number, enlarged insize, is issued the first full week in each month.SAMPLE COPIES FREE ON REQUEST. ADDRESSTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOPRESS &&& CHICAGO, ILLINOISCOLLEGE STUDENTS, FACULTYand FRIENDSwill find it to their interest to get our prices onDesks — 500 StylesAmerican Desk CompanyJ8-20 EAST VAN BUREN ST.?hone Harrison 2055 CHICAGO PREMO«*«*>CanierasCombine compactness with rigidity, and are madeof best materials in every part. The Victor Lensand Shutter are specially designed. They can besecured on no other camera.PRICE, $8 AND UPWARDSSend for Cataloguegiving full descriptionRochester Optical Co.ROCHESTER, K. Y.MANUAL TRAINING MAGAZINEEDITED BY CHARLES A. BENNETT, HEAD OF DEPARTMENT OF MANUAL ARTS, BRADLEY POLYTECHNICINSTITUTE, PEORIA, ILL. PUBLISHED QUARTERLY ATTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS.'. .". .*. .'. .*. .'. .'.AN illustrated educational magazine devoted to the interests of MANUALTRAINING, SLOYD, DRAWING, DOMESTIC ARTS, and CONSTRUCTIVE WORK for elementary and secondary schools. It has the support ofthe leading teachers and supervisors of manual training throughout thecountry. The last volume contained reports of important meetings,news items, editorials, reviews, and articles byDr. Frank A. Hill, of Massachusetts.Prof. M. V. O'Shea, Univ. of Wisconsin.Dr. E. W. Scripture, Yale University.Frank K. Rogers, Hampton Institute. Walter J. Kenyon, Lowell State NormalSchool.Charles A. Bradley, Denver, Colorado.William F. Vroom, New York City.A long list of excellent articles is promised for future numbers. Subscription price, $1.00 a year; sample copy, 30 cents.To those who read this notice a sample copy will be sent on receipt of ten two-cent stamps.Gbe ^University of Cbicago press, Chicago, Illinois