VOLUME IV NUMBER 45University RecordFRIDAY, FEBRUARY 9, 1900THE IMPERIAL GERMAN AMBASSADOR AT THEUNIVERSITY.On June 3, 1899, the University Senate authorized the President of the University to invite Dr.von Holleben, the Imperial German Ambassadorat Washington, to visit the University. The invitation was given by the following letter :June 3, 1899.To His Excellency, Dr. von Holleben, ImperialGerman Ambassador.Sir: — The pleasure of greeting diplomatic representativesaccredited by the rulers of other nations to our governmentis rarely afforded to citizens of the United States who live ata distance from the City of Washington. The presence ofsuch representatives in our country is recognized as not exclusively diplomatic. It is also an expression and a pledgeof international amity. The purposes of these missionswould doubtless be more securely accomplished if the peoplein general enjoyed larger opportunities to meet foreignrepresentatives. Americans appreciate and reciprocate thegood will of the nations of Europe and would welcome morefrequent occasions for unofficial exhibition of our nationalsentiments.It is fitting that American universities should seek theprivilege and honor of expressing the respect which is sogeneral among the American people for the German government and the German nation. It is peculiarly appropriatethat the universities should acknowledge the debt whicheducation in the United States owes to Germany. The universities, the pedagogical science, and the literature of theEmpire have made a lasting impression on the Republic.It is also deserving of special remembrance that Germanynas been potent in favor of all the interests which it is the function of universities directly or indirectly to foster. Americans honor the Germans for their example in the industries, inart, in science, in civic conduct, and in religion. Weapplaud their qualities in war. We appraise still morehighly their past and present services in behalf of peace.In all these personal and domestic virtues which are theessentials of individual character, and the foundation of thegreatness of states, we recognize among the Germans standards and achievements which command admiration.The American universities cherish and inculcate a patriotism which is founded in the faith that American institutionsare the best possible for Americans. Without default inthis foremost patriotic duty, however, the universities wouldgladly share in the work of helping all Americans to understand and appreciate other nations. It would evidently bea peculiarly timely public service to promote more generalperception that there is fundamental accord between Germans and Americans respecting those elements of civilization which both peoples hold to be most important, permanent, and essential.It is the more fitting that American universities shouldseek to confirm the cordiality between Germans and Americans, because it rests upon a close racial affinity. It hasbeen strengthened by the long and unbroken friendshipbetween the two countries, and by the large number of loyalAmerican citizens who look to Germany as their fatherland.It has been matured by the sympathy with which the peopleof this country have watched the union of Germans underone government, and the brilliant advance of United Germany in power, prosperity, and world-wide influence.In view of its situation in the center of the Republic, andin one of the most representative American cities, the University of Chicago desires an opportunity to express thesesentiments to Your Excellency in person, both as the specialrepresentative of His Majesty, the German Emperor, and305306 UNIVERSITY RECORDalso as a representative of the German people. In token ofthese facts and as a mark of respect and regard both foryourself and for the great nation which you so worthilyrepresent, the University invites you to be its guest at suchtime as may be suitable to your convenience. We promiseyou a hearty welcome, and we trust that you will designatea time when it may be our privilege to receive you.On behalf of the University Senate I amRespectfully yours,William R. Harper,President.To this invitation the following reply was received from Dr. von Holleben :Washington, D.C., June 14, 1899.Dr. William R. Harper, President of the University of Chicago.Sir: — As Representative of my Emperor and of my government I have ever seen my task not only in dischargingthe work pending between the government to whose rulerI am accredited and my own, but also in fostering andforwarding a good understanding between both governments and their peoples. Convinced that such understandingis likely to be brought on in the first place by correctinformation as to the institutions and customs of each other'scountries and by a near acquaintance with their inhabitantsI held and hold it my duty to seek intercourse and friendship with the leading men both in statecraft and science.I need not emphasize that the fulfillment of this duty isdoubly interesting in a country, the growth and history ofwhich has ever been full of wonders to the old world, anddoubly easy among people, whose hospitality is rightlypraised all over the earth. If I make use less often than Iwould like to of such occasions, offered to me in the kindliest terms and from well-meaning quarters to visit places andtowns further distant from the City of Washington the solereason heretofore is, that a great amount of work and pending negotiations demand my presence in the residence ofthe Federal government.Surely no place can afford a better opportunity of gettingacquainted with the very soul of a nation than a University,the school of moral and scientific education, the birthplaceand harbor of new ideas, the center and battlefield of intellectual intercourse.Being a citizen of Germany, to whose universities you sokindly pay homage in your letter of the 3d inst., I amperhaps doubly able fully to understand and appreciate theimportance of these institutions.It is therefore not only with great pleasure that I acceptthe kind invitation of the University Senate couched byyourself in such amiable and flattering terms, but I do so.also with heartfelt gratitude for the occasion you offer me therewith to meet the flower of American scholars andscientists and to learn to know another part of this greatnation whose overwhelming progress and advance on alllines is of never ending interest to me.Allow me to repeat that I will look forward to the visitwith great pleasure and interest.I am respectfully yours,Holleben,Imperial German Ambassador.The date of the visit was fixed as January 24,1900. At 3:00 p.m. that day the Ambassadorwas escorted to Kent Theater by the UniversityFaculty, where a University audience whichcrowded the hall to its very doors greeted HisExcellency with great enthusiasm. The addressof welcome was made by Professor Laughlin, andthe response was made by the Ambassador. Afterthe services at Kent Theater, a reception wasgiven Dr. von Holleben at the Quadrangle Clubwhere an opportunity was given to members andfriends of the University to meet him. The musicat the exercises in Kent Theater was furnished bythe University Band and at the Quadrangle Clubby the University Orchestra and the MandolinClub. As might be expected, an occasion sounique in the history of the University arousedgreat interest and will be productive of verypleasant recollections as well as important resultsin the future.PROFESSOR LAUGH LIN'S ADDRESS OF WELCOME.It is our delight to give to your Excellency ahearty welcome to the University of Chicago, notonly because we gladly honor him who has beenhonored by his own country, but also because yourepresent the majesty and influence of the greatGerman Empire in its relations to our belovedcountry; because to you is trusted the task ofseparating what is passing and unimportant fromwhat is valuable and permanent in the shiftingexpressions of national feeling by the people ofthe United States. This will be a felicitous occasion, if it permit us to point out the basic reasonswhy the permanent forces of our life seem ofnecessity to ensure fraternal relations with thoseUNIVERSITY RECORD 307of Germany. The fundamental characteristicswhich the American and German races possess incommon should always work strongly for peaceful relations and a cordial understanding.We do not forget that both English and American institutions have a Teutonic origin; wecannot forget the blood relationship to our grandparent. The institutions established by the earlyGermans when they settled in Central Europeare preserved in various forms in America today.The evidences of commons even yet in ourlandholdings show a survival of customs originating with the German mark. The mote wherethe freemen of the German hundred assembledwas the progenitor of our New England townmeeting, which vitalized our political life.Throughout our legal procedure, our sense ofjustice, and the strong assertion of self-helpwhich animates our law, we find evidences of avigorous racial survival from Teutonic ancestors.America and Germany today clasp hands andgreet each other as members of a common stock ;not as strangers, but as friends ; not as of differentraces, but as persons of the same great family.When a son leaves the parental roof to establish himself in a distant place, in time he takes onexpressions of his new environment, he adds newqualities, he differentiates new desires and newactivities ; but in his inmost soul he maintains theelemental forces of the stock from which he hassprung. Take down, if you please, the old swordof fine steel from above the ancestral portrait, andshape it into a plowshare ; but it remains goodsteel all through the years, and cuts the sod forthe husbandman as keenly as it cut a gash for thewarrior. Our presence here on a new continentfar from the original sources of our race is testimony to the distinguishing political and administrative characteristics of the Teutonic race. WeAmericans have occupied this great continent,won prosperity from its boundless resources, andraised up a power to be respected by othernations, exactly because the only successful colonies of the modern world are those founded by the Teutonic race. The virtues of this race,shown in their private life and in their politicalactivity, have marked it out as the great colonizing factor of history ; remarkable in the successes of the past, and certain to show stillgreater results in good government for the future.Strong in hope and self-mastery, a group of theTeutonic race go forth to a virgin soil, and. bytheir inherent respect for self-government and anintuitive adaptation to the principle of representative authority, they choose their rulers, andthen go busily about the task of conquering fieldand forest, growing in wealth as they grow in anorderly and wisely administered community. Themoral responsibility of the citizen to the state, thesense of right, the highly developed administrative qualities, make this race preeminent in thework of colonizing new lands. It is, therefore, inanswer to the natural workings of our commonracial stock, English, German, and American, thatwe see these peoples today conducting the varioussuccessful colonies of the world — a work in whichno other branch of the human race seems to betheir equal. Look where you will over the mapof the world, and you will see no other racesestablishing colonies on an equally permanentand prosperous basis.It should not be forgotten that when our forefathers sought out this land, to found a statewhere liberty might flourish uninterrupted byinjustice, and where religion might be freely andtolerantly permitted without bigotry, we foundlarge numbers of Germans joining us in the experiment. No one familiar with the influences atwork in our colonies can forget or overlook thestrength of the German settlers. To this day thewhole state of Pennsylvania, with its preponder-ent German population, retains the elements whichso characteristically marked its power and forcein pre-revolutionary times. A large and important part of the young nation, therefore, was sosettled that the German conceptions of publicand private duty entered into the very fiber andpith of our unified country. The care, the thrift,308 UNIVERSITY RECORDthe conservative thinking, the analytical insightof these German brothers went far in influencingour early growth. While Huguenot, Cavalier,and Puritan, Dutch and English, have been dulycelebrated in the pages of our early history, theimpartial historian who knows of the Muhlbachsand other actors in the lively drama of colonialdays will place the German influences close alongside the English in importance. We began ourexistence with German brothers, working shoulderto shoulder, in our nation-making, and we havepleasure here and now in acknowledging ourdebt ; and at no other great crises in our later history have we ever gone into the camp or councilwithout the company of our German compatriotsalso shoulder to shoulder.The superficial student of history has been fondof cheaply raising prejudices between Americansand Germans by pointing ovut the share which theHessian mercenaries played in the war by whichGreat Britain hoped to subdue our colonies. Toooften has this sunk deeply into the Americanmind ; too often has the reader been unaware ofthe conditions of misery in the small and weakGerman states during that period which allowedappeals to the pockets of petty potentates toresult in the sale of inoffensive peasants for use inwar. In no way did that fact reflect the attitude ofthe strong and intelligent part of Germany towardour struggle for liberty. Quite the contrary.From the strongest state in Germany we receivedsympathetic and powerful aid. Exactly becauseFrederick the Great was seated firmly in his kingdom was he able to judge rightly, uninfluencedby ulterior motives. He could not be appealedto by the baser inducements offered to the weakerrulers. Therefore the young nation found inFrederick the Great of Prussia — one of theformer rulers of the central state in the presentGerman Empire — the best of friends. It wasFrederick the Great, we remember with gratitude,who made the first treaty with us after the Revolutionary War. And hence it was quite naturalthat it should have been he who, in grim humor, remarked when he was asked to allow the Hessianmercenaries to pass over a corner of his territory:"I ought, however, to levy on them the cattletax."Nor can we forget De Kalb and Steuben, whocame to share our scanty fare and the bitter sacrifices of war, because of their devotion to ourcause. As the light grows stronger on the eventsof the Revolution, the clearer it becomes thatWashington set a peculiarly high value on Steubenas a skilled officer and drillmaster, who changedour raw militia into an efficient army. Thisresourceful and organizing mind was a welcomefactor in the launching of the young nation.Later in our history we find ourselves deeplyand forever indebted to the help of a body ofGermans freshly recruited from their fatherland.About 1849 there came to us a group of Germanswho were not only eminent in ability and training, but who were imbued with a spirit of leadership, and a sense of moral responsibility to thestate of their adoption, which produced far-reaching effects upon our national existence. Therank and file of Germans, like so many other newcomers, had been caught by the glitter of names,and the word "democrat" had so attracted themthat, in large numbers, they had been supportingthe party so designated, and were thereby engagedin encouraging thoughtlessly the perpetuation ofslavery. The new band of Germans formed aninspired leadership for the German population ofthe United States. The political movementspreceding and coterminous with the birth ofthe present Republican party felt the vitalizingspirit of these new citizens. Nor was it anenterprising exhibition merely of a passionatelove of liberty. The influence of these menwent deeper and farther than that. Throughoutthe activities of the Free Soil and other parties,what must most honorably stand forth as thecharacteristic force of the German element in theUnited States was a strong moral sense on allpublic questions, a deep and fervent belief in themoral responsibility of the citizen to the state ofUNIVERSITY RECORD 309which he formed a part. It was this sacred firewhich glorified the German leaders in theiropposition to slavery, and enabled them to carrywith them the great body of Germans throughoutour land in the momentous struggle for the perpetuation of the Union in 1 86 1.It is a strange and dramatic coincidence thathere, on this very spot, we Americans should beoffering our hospitality and cordial greetings tothe representative of the German people. If ithad not been for the influence of the patrioticGermans in this very region at the beginning ofour Civil War, we should not now be here speaking to you as citizens of a great Union. TheSouth held the West to it by strong ties ; a largepart of the West, including Missouri, was pro-Southern in all its sympathies. Moreover, theSouth fully believed that the West would actwith it, in the political combinations on whichsecession was based. The South, however, madethe mistake of overlooking the similar dependenceof the West on the East. In fact, the West wasequally bound to the South and East. Thedecision of the West and Northwestern statesupon the question of slavery and the Union wasthe great dramatic moment of our history at thatperiod. Into the solution of this epoch-makingproblem there entered as a determining force theleaders of the Germans throughout all these states.Their moral sense guided them aright, and drovethem into the thick of the fight for anti-slaveryand the Union. The attitude of Illinois — thevery soil on which, we now stand — was fixed bythe action of the German population of this state.The political position of Wisconsin was likewiseguided by the German leaders of whom CarlSchurz was facile princeps. And the State ofMissouri was unquestionably prevented from joining the Southern Confederacy by the strength andvigor of the German constituency. These greatmovements turned the scale ; and the Union wasassured when phalanx after phalanx from theseresourceful states swept into the movement againstslavery. Here then we stand upon historic ground, where the victory of freedom againstslavery was won chiefly by the wisdom, insight,and moral sense of the German leaders. Throughout our history we shall remember with deepestrespect the names of Schurz, Kapp, Stallo, andKorner. Upon the pedestal on which stands thestatue of our Liberty we shall place their namesfor remembrance by coming generations.In the vigorous contest preceding the nomination of Lincoln, the Germans had been the mostactive in the support of Seward, and none were atthe time more disappointed then they at his failureto obtain a majority of the delegates. And nowwe find the highest test of their political judgment. These Germans were among the first ofSeward's friends to understand the real characterand value of Lincoln. It was Mr. Schurz himself who, after assisting in the duty of presentingthe nomination to Lincoln, said to his fellow committeemen : "We have not made a mistake innominating this man." None knew better thanPresident Lincoln himself how well he was trustedby the Germans ; and the history of Germansacrifices and effort in our Civil War are familiarstories at all our firesides.It is, indeed, no small thing to formulate therelationship which exists between the Americansand the five millions of Germans who have soughtour shores ; with them have come some ills, aswell as much good. We speak naturally of ourEnglish origin, of the close ties which bind us tothe parent country ; they are strong ; we hopethey may never be less strong in the future. Butwe must, nevertheless, keep well in mind that atno time are we receiving any large infusion ofEnglish blood direct from its original source;since colonial times we have had no considerableimmigration directly from England itself. While,on the other hand, no nation could permit itselfto disregard the potent influence of the constantand large additions to our citizenship of Germansdirect from their fatherland. This infusion offresh German blood into American life is animportant political and social fact. For this310 UNIVERSITY RECORDreason, the people of the United States are morefamiliar with the habits and customs of Germany(at least in some walks of life) than they are withthose of England. And the outcome of theseinfluences upon our future policy at home andabroad cannot be easily forecast, as they cannotwell be minimized.Our material and political relations with theGerman stock are grave and vital ; but it goeswithout saying that we are far more truly knit together in an alliance of intellectual and spiritualinterests. Far stronger than treaties and politicalcombinations are the things of the mind andspirit. No American university exists untouchedby the fire of German intellectual activity. Wehave crowded the halls of German universities,and lighted our lamps at the altars of their scholarship. The love of truth, the sacred passion forlearning, the stirring of romance and poetry,many Americans have found at Heidelberg, Got-tingen, Tubingen, Bonn, or elsewhere. Whenone looks down upon the red roofs and spires ofGottingen, like a red flower of learning circled bya green corolla of tall lindens upon its old wall,we find there not only the student rooms of Bismarck, but the spots where Bancroft or Longfellowwalled themselves about with books. To be sure,German universities have not served as the models for our own, but it has been as it should be :we have partaken of the spirit of learning andadapted it to our particular needs, given it theforms best suited to our own conditions. But itis a fact to be noted that, while the developmentof our own universities no longer obliges American students in many subjects to seek Europeantraining, it remains true that the movement ofscholars to Europe is today mainly directed toGermany, as it used to be decades ago. It is thiscommerce of high thinking, this trade in learningand noble aspirations, which forms the deepestand most lasting alliance between our two lands.As a university, therefore, we heartily welcomeyou within our walls, because you represent thepeople who have given us scholars and poets and musicians, and in behalf of the brotherhood ofscholars we send them greetings through you.Our debt to German science is large — beyondour capacity to repay. In these buildings closeabout us erected in the interest of biological research, the names of the great German physiologists, Johannes Muller, Ludwig, and Helmholtz,are revered as the fathers of their science. Th€brilliant achievements of Liebig, Robert Bunsen,Kekule, Ostwald, Van 'T. Hoff, and Nernst in chemistry awaken the warmest admiration of those whohave managed the work in this very building inwhich we are assembled. In almost every field ofscience German activity places some names at thevery front ; in psycho-physics the whole worldknows the reputations of Wundt and Fechner.And in the practical applications of science, Herzhas discovered the waves which, have made wireless telegraphy possible ; and Rontgen has givena name to those rays which have penetrated matter and disclosed to sight hitherto invisible objects within. These are the ties which bind thescholars of two countries together with bandsstronger than steel.Your poets and philosophers are householdnames among us, and' the gains of your literaturebelong to us also. Our life is enriched by therhythm and wisdom of your singers ; for art andbeauty of no race can be confined within its borders. When the spark of genius flashes, its current runs through the medium of appreciativeminds to the end of the world.In perhaps one other field of art are we especially bound to Germany. To no other countrydo we owe so much for the kindling joy whichcomes from music. The inspiration of Germanmusicians has quickened the senses of our American public. To one German in particular doesour land stand under an especial obligation. Noother one man in the United States has ever doneas much to stimulate an interest in music, to cultivate the appreciation for that which was good inform and content — in fact really to make ofAmericans a musical people — as TheodoreUNIVERSITY RECORD 311Thomas. Surely Germany has sent us no end ofgood things for us to share ; and it is our boundenduty to express our appreciation of them.Stronger than written compacts, deeper thanthe wishes of selfish men, are these elements of alife of thought and soul, in which the highesttypes of men in both countries appear as thenegotiators, binding us by ties which are imperishable by fire or sword. These are armor whichno projectiles can penetrate; these are the shipsof hope and aspiration which no explosive candestroy. Child, parent, grandparent — America,England, Germany — united in loyalty to science,literature, and art; united in a desire to perpetuate the things of peace and justice ; united tosave the world from unreasoning war ; united bythe ties of blood relationship and common racialinheritances; united, not by words, but by theclosest family bonds — in such an alliance maythey live long and prosper !THE AMBASSADOR'S RESPONSE.Being introduced, the ambassador spoke asfollows :Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: —It is not the first time that I have had the pleasureof addressing an audience in Chicago. Vividlystands before my mind that beautiful June day ofsix years ago when the wonders of the World'sFair delighted all of us. It was German Day.On the shore of your glittering lake stood thespeakers' platform, and many thousands of yourcitizens had gaily gathered there between thewater and the German house. I hear still in mymemory the friendly voice of the late Carter Harrison when he jovially told the vast assembly thathe was the mayor of the largest German city nextto Berlin and Vienna. On that day it was mywelcome duty to bring to the enthusiastic audience the greetings of Germany. I dwelt on thedeep sympathy with which the Germans at homehave followed the splendid development of thiscountry, and I expressed thanks to the nation andits President for the cordial reception which the Germans have found here at all times and whichthe German exhibitors had found at the World'sFair. But while my heart was full of gratitude,it was not less full of pride — pride in the gloriousrole which German industry had played on thestage of the White City.But, when all the splendor of that festival daywas over, I strolled again alone through thoseunique halls and asked myself, What is after allthe greatest and noblest that my fatherland hasshown here in this world's union? I saw itsgigantic guns and its exquisite porcelain, and Iunderstood well that there and in other placesthe masses had crowded — and yet I myself feltmagnetically attracted to a suite of small andquiet rooms where the visitors were few : thetwelve rooms in the educational building inwhich the combined exhibit of all German universities offered a showing which has never beenequaled by another exhibition of scholarly workin the history of civilization. It was as if theenergies of all the great German thinkers andscholars and scientists were here condensed andconcentrated, and I felt how here the centralforces were represented which gave life andpower and richness to all those practical energieswhich showed their brilliant working in the materially more attractive exhibitions. Yes, I feltthat the German university collection in its quietway was the most glorious and most worthy representation of German life in German ideals, andthat just this pictured the work which the Germanuniversities faithfully fulfill at home, the workwhich every true university on earth ought tofulfill.Years have passed since those June days. TheWhite City has become a dream of the past. Myown ways led me home again and kept me for along time far from this continent. But now thatI have returned, those feelings in regard to thecentral functions of the universities for the energies of a national life have not been changed.It is a natural outcome of just these feelings thatmy desire to pay my respects to this country after312 UNIVERSITY RECORDmy return directs my steps to her leading universities. I apprehend in them the highest representatives of the non-political energies of thenation. Filled with this spirit, I made my pilgrimage last spring to the East, to the time-honored halls of Harvard University ; to greetthe West — in the name of the German Empire —I have accepted gladly the invitation of the University of Chicago and have come to you.I do not regret that, in seeking the representative university life of this country, I have tojourney far and near, to Massachusetts and Illinois, and I know well that Connecticut and Michigan, New York and California, Maryland andWisconsin, have their claims for acknowledgment too. I say that I do not regret it, because we Germans believe in decentralization ofuniversity life ; we have no scientific Paris, andwe do not want one. As Berlin and Leipzig andMunich, Strassburg and Gottingen and Heidelberg are in coordinated competition in scholarship, it seems to me a sign of national health thatHarvard and Chicago, Johns Hopkins and Columbia, Ann Arbor and Leland Stanford, Yaleand Princeton all work towards the highest idealsand are not satisfied with anything but the best.I emphasize this because I have noticed that therecent discussions about the foundation of anational university have pointed to Germany withthe claim that Berlin represents the Germannational university which stands on a higher levelthan the others. That is a decided mistake.All universities at home have the same requirements and seek the same ends, just as we have nonational university from the standpoint of administration.But, on the other hand, I do not want to exaggerate the similarities between our universitiesand yours. More than that, I confess that weforeigners are attracted just by the differenceswhich are partly, of course, merely the outcomeof historical conditions, partly the adjustment todifferent and not comparable circumstances, butare partly also the results of your new and cour ageous attempts to satisfy modern demands whichare independent of local conditions. It is notby chance that for instance in Hamburg, wherethe thoughts wander much over-sea, the publicdesire for a new university has often taken theform that a university after the American schemeshould be founded there. All direct comparisonsare, to be sure, difficult. The fact that the American universities go over, step for step, without asharp demarcation line, into the hundreds ofsmall colleges which correspond merely to thehigher classes of our gymnasia, and the furtherfact that even the leading institutions represent aunion of an undergraduate department with thegraduate schools, all this brings it about that weoutsiders and laymen do not easily find the foothold for a fair comparison.But there are many special features which eventhe outsider observes, the comparative study ofwhich must help in finding the ideal solutions.We see how you keep your doors wide open toboth sexes, how you make it possible for teachersand professional men to spend their vacations ina university atmosphere, how you regulate theelection of courses, how you supervise the attendance on lectures, how you reinforce the regularwork by frequent examinations, how you securea continuous personal contact between professorand pupil, and many other similar features. Certainly it is wrong to say, as it is often said in thiscountry, that German universities are unwillingto modify their character and to adjust theirorganization to modern demands. The rapidgrowth of seminary courses in German universities, the spreading of the university extensionmovement from Munich to Jena and Gottingenand Berlin, the increase of prescriptions for theorder of courses in the law faculty and medicalfaculty, all indicate that we do readjust the traditional forms — and at a time when some of theleading eastern universities of America refuseevery degree to a woman almost every Germanuniversity has its female doctors.In most of the problems, however, which I haveUNIVERSITY RECORD 313touched the discussion seems to us not closed.We may feel sure that the average student gainsby a greater restriction of his academic freedom,and yet we cannot forget of what immense valuefor the best and finest men just such a period ofperfect liberty has been. Not otherwise with coeducation and university extension. We understand fully the enthusiasm of their defenders, andyet we cannot avoid hearing also the voices ofthose who fear that these innovations will bringin their train subtle dangers, which do not lieon the surface, and yet may be more effectivethan the evident advantages. Others again maythink that the same good can be reached by simpler methods. In this way we feel that the universities see before them unsolved problems, andthe better chance each of the different sides hasfor a consistent realization the more is the hopejustified that the best solution will be found ; weGermans watch eagerly, therefore, the characteristic development of the American universities.Of course, the efforts of the one side would notbe helpful and suggestive to the other if a common ground were not given. But such a commonground does exist. I see it in the importancewhich on both sides is given to original research.In Germany the best scholars of the nation arethe daily teachers of academic youth. In Franceand England, as everyone knows, it is not so. InEngland the best scholarly work has always beendone outside of the university or in loose connection with it, and even the appointed professorsgive only the decorative retouching of the instruction. So, on the whole, in France also. But here,if I am not mistaken, the leading universities livein the conviction that the productive scholar aloneis the best university teacher. They believe thatthe continuous contact with the student is aninspiration for the creative scholar, and that onlyteaching by the pioneers of science gives to thestudent that higher intellectual attitude which isthe noblest fruit of academic life. It is knownover the world that Chicago, together with Harvard and Johns Hopkins, are the leaders in the defense of this ideal. Just for this reason do Iespecially welcome the opportunity to feel thebreath and pulse of your university.But I rejoice that the spirit of original researchanimates these halls, not only because I see in itthe theoretical ideal of a university education, butbecause it shapes the national life of this countryin a form in which the similarity and harmonybetween this country and my fatherland will cometo more and more perceptible expression. Twonations molded by generations of college menwho have been trained in the spirit of academicfreedom and independent inquiry will easily converge in their noblest instincts and their deepestinterests. The growth of that spirit which youcultivate here seems to me thus the best promisefor that inner sympathy of the two nations fromwhich, after all, their outer actions cannot be separated. And thus I feel sure that if you and yourcolleagues go on to do so excellently yourduty I and all my successors in Washington willnever have to negotiate anything but peace andfriendship between Germany and the UnitedStates.THE DINNER.The closing feature of the day was a dinner,tendered by the President and Senate of the University to Dr. von Holleben. The table wasplaced in the form of a hollow square in thebanquet hall of Kinsley's restaurant, and aroundit were seated the following guests :His Excellency Baron von Holleben and President William R. Harper ; the following membersof the Board of Trustees : E. B. Felsenthal, A. K.Parker, George C. Walker, Andrew McLeish,Ferdinand W. Peck, Edward Goodman; President Henry Wade Rogers, of Northwestern University, and J. A. Letterbauer, Acting GermanConsul ; and the following prominent citizens :A. A. Sprague, F. O. Lowden, A. C. Bartlett,H. G. Selfridge, J. J. Glessner, Harry Rubens,Leon Man-del, Theodore Brentano, JosephBrucker, F. J. Dewes, William Vocke, E. G. Uih-314 UNIVERSITY RECORDlein, A. Aberlein, John M. Dodson, Henry M.Lyman, J. N. Hyde, Henry V. Freeman, GeorgeN. Carman ; and the following members of theUniversity faculties : H. P. Judson, A. W. Small,E. H. Moore, John Dewey, E. B. Hulbert, E. D.Burton, J. U. Nef, Alexander Smith, W. G. Hale,Jacques Loeb, C. R. Barnes, B. S. Terry, G. E.Vincent, H. Maschke, J. P. Iddings, Ernst Freund,F. J. Miller, B. M. Davis, K. Pietsch, H. B. Alm-stedt, P. O. Kern, Kurt Laves, J. Archy Smith,O. Bolza, W. D. MacClintock, C. von Klenze,S. W. Cutting, S. W. Stratton, P. S. Allen, G. H.Mead, J. W. A. Young, R. F. Harper, E. Capps,F. W. Shepardson, and H. A. Rust.After the dinner, President Harper, as toast-master, introduced Dean Harry Pratt Judson, whoextended to the ambassador a greeting on behalfof the University Senate. Following this greeting, Mr. A. C. Bartlett responded to the toast,"The President of the United States." On risingto speak to the sentiment "The German Emperor," Ambassador von Holleben was greetedwith an enthusiastic demonstration, and made avery happy speech, about the friendly relationsexisting between the two countries represented.He spoke in substance as follows :"It will give me honor and pleasure to conveyto the German emperor, my august sovereign, thegreetings of your university. I am glad to behere in a week when all Germans are rejoicing, itbeing the week of the birthday of His Majesty,which all Germans at home and abroad celebrateunited as one great family. Now I ask myselfwhich of his acts of recent days may be most joyfully brought before the minds of my countrymen ; I think it is the little episode when the newsteamship ' Deutschland 'was launched in theemperor's presence. His minister said, * Godbless and protect this ship and our friendshipwith the United States.' The emperor lifted hishelmet and affirmed the words and all Germanyapplauded. Today it is you who are speakingthe words of godspeed for that friendship, butI trust, if my emperor heard them, he would again affirm the assurance of sympathy and woulddoubly rejoice to hear it given in the name of auniversity that stands for that truest and noblestAmericanism which His Majesty has always admired and appreciated."Assistant Professor von Klenze spoke both forthe faculties of the University, and especially forthe German members, on the theme " The University as a Bond," showing the cosmopolitancharacter of a university, which draws membersof its faculty and inspiration as well from variouscountries. The closing speech of the eveningwas by Judge Henry V. Freeman, whose themewas "The University Man in Public Life."REPORTS OF ACTIONS OF UNIVERSITY RULING BODIESFOR JANUARY 1900.1. The Board of the University Press :Meeting of January 20. — 1) The following communication from the University Congregationwas presented :To the Administrative Board of the University Press : Atthe meeting of the University Congregation held January 3,1900, the. resolution adopted by the Board May 20, 1899," that there be adopted for all official publications and for theUniversity journals, the first list of changed words proposedby the National Educational Association," was discussed andapproved.2) The action contemplated in the resolutionto go into effect with the first number of the nextvolume of each journal, with the proviso that anyauthor who prefers in his article to use the ordinary spelling may do so, a note being printed thatthe ordinary spelling is used at the author's request. 3) Messrs. Miller, Freund, and Hulbertwere appointed as a committee to consider andreport on the form of the report which the Director of the University Press should make periodically to this Board.2. The Board of Student Organizations, Publicationsand Exhibitions:Meeting of January 20. — 1) Social affairs placedunder the Dean of Women. 2) The followingUNIVERSITY RECORD 315statement directed to be sent to each social organization in the University :"The desire has been frequently expressed thatsome method might be devised by which thedates and arrangements for the different" socialentertainments in the University might be systematically recorded.At the request of the Board of Student Organizations, Dean Talbot will endeavor to keep sucha list. The organizations of the University areasked to cooperate by sending information as todate, place, and character of proposed entertainments, together with a list of patronesses orchaperones.The list may be consulted in Dean Talbot'soffice daily from twelve to one o'clock.3) Wyvern Club and Order of the Dragon'sTooth recognized as student organizations.3. The Faculty of the Senior Colleges :Meeting of January 13. — 1) The followingrecommendation adopted; that students in theSenior Colleges of Arts, Literature and Science,who wish to take the pre-medical course, maysubstitute Science for one Major of requiredPhilosophy (Ethics) or History. 2) Recommendedto the Board of Trustees that the name of theCollege of Commerce and Politics be changed to"The College of Commerce and Administration."3) Recommended to the Departments concernedand to the Board of Trustees that the followingcourses be added to the curriculum of said college:Spanish Prose Composition, Spanish Prose Reading,French Prose Composition, English — -Practice in Analysisand Precis, Economic Geography, Industrial Chemistry,Comparative Colonial Administration, Technique of Tradeand Commerce, Commercial Accounting, Commercial Formsand Processes, Customs, Regulations, Markets, Exchange andPrice Quotations, Industrial Combinations, Industrial Historyof the United States, Commercial Law, Contracts, Bills andNotes, Corporations, Partnerships, Commercial Geography,Commercial History, Commercial Treaties, CommercialProducts, Merchant Shipping.4. The Faculty of the Ogden (Graduate) School :Meeting of January 20. — 1) The following persons accepted as candidates for higher degrees,(a) for M.S., H. V. Hibbard, Anna L. Van Ben- schoten, (b) for Ph.D., H. McDonald, F. L.Stevens. 2) The following resolution adopted :Whereas, It is of the utmost importance that there beuniformity in all standards and measuring instruments usedin scientific investigations or in the applications of science,andWhereas, New conditions are continually arising whichrequire the development of standards or measuring instruments for use under these conditions, andWhereas, The standards now in use must in nearly everycase be procured and calibrated abroad,Be it Resolved, That the establishment by the governmentof a Bureau of Weights and Measures in the broadest sense,equipped with a laboratory, apparatus, and working forcecompetent to meet the demands of modern science, would beof inestimable value to all branches of scientific interests.3) The following report adopted recommending,1. That students holding engineering degrees from institutions of good standing be admitted to candidacy for thehigher degrees under the same rules as govern the admissionof holders of a bachelor's degree.2. That as far as the equivalence of the undergraduatecourse to that required for a bachelor's degree in the University of Chicago is concerned, this equivalence be allowedprovided thata) the student has completed the specified work requiredfor the bachelor's degree, six Majors substitution beingaccepted according to the rules laid down for candidates fora bachelor degree.b) the student has completed at least six Majors of workin pure Science (not applied Science) in College coursescorresponding to those given at the University.c) the rest of the work of the student, e. g., in AppliedScience be sufficient in amount and character to makealtogether a four years' College course. (An excess amountof mechanical drawing or shop-work should not be accepted.)3. That the scope of one of the present standing committeesof the Ogden Graduate School be enlarged to make it acommittee on Admission to Candidacy for Higher Degrees,before which all cases of candidacy be brought and eachcase examined as to its merits.5. The Faculty of the Ogden (Graduate) School andthe Graduate Faculty of Arts and Literature (injoint session):Meeting of January 2 j . — 1) Elizabeth J. Parkaccepted as a candidate for the Ph.M. degree.2) The following report adopted :The Committee appointed to consider the advisability 1)of requiring all candidates for the degree of Doctor ofPhilosophy to take two secondary subjects and 2) of per-316 UNIVERSITY BE COEDmitting them to pass their examination (or examinations) intheir secondary subject (or subjects) in advance of that intheir principal subject report as follows :As regards i) we recommend no change in the existinglegislation, which permits, but does not require, two secondary subjects.As regards 2) we recommend the adoption of the following rule, to be appended to the note on p. 62, volume 1, ofthe Annual Register for 1898-9 :The candidate is permitted to present himself for -examination in his secondary subject as soon as he has fulfilled therequirements of the department concerned.In case this rule is adopted, we recommend that theexamination in the secondary subject be conducted by themembers of the department concerned, with the sameformalities as at present, and that the grade attained by thecandidate be reported to the Recorder. And that, in caseof such anticipation of the secondary examination or examinations, the examination in the major subject be conductedby the members of the department concerned, by an appointedrepresentative of the minor departments or of each of them,and by any other members of the said department that maychoose to attend, and by an appointed representative ofsome other department.6. The Faculty of the Divinity School :Meeting of January 20. — 1) A list of visitingcommittees to be appointed by the Deans, recommended to the Board of Trustees as a Board ofVisitors of the Divinity School.7. The University Senate :Meeting of January 13. — 1) Report on answersreceived to list of questions submitted to theFaculty of the Ogden School presented. 2) Committee of arrangements appointed in view of thevisit of Dr. von Holleben.Meeting of January 27. — 1) Committee appointed to represent the University in the approaching Conferences of Universities relative to theDoctor's degree.THE ALUMNI.NOTES AND COMMUNICATIONS.The Student Paper at the Old University of Chicago.It has occurred to me on reflection and suggested by a recent discussion incidental to theconduct of the University Weekly and collegepapers in general, that the plan upon which the Volante, the college paper of the old Universityof Chicago, was conducted is theoretically andpractically one of the best that could be devisedfor a college paper. The Volante was purely astudents' enterprise, conducted by the undergraduates solely, both in its financial and literarydepartments. From 1874 on, the editors wereelected by popular election of the Students' Association from the Senior or Junior classes, andthe publishers from the Sophomores and Freshmen. Prior to that time the editorial departmenthad been in the exclusive charge of the Seniorclass, but the change to election from both Juniorand Senior classes made in 1874 was so heartilyapproved, that it was always afterwards followed.The publishers had entire control of the business management of the paper ; obtained all subscriptions and advertisements; received all theincome for their own personal use and undertookto pay all bills and cost of maintaining the paper.The editors had the entire responsibility andcontrol over the literary part of the paper. Practically during all the time I knew the^paper, itwas financially a success and paid its publishers aprofit each year, and at no time was there, to myknowledge, any clash between the publishing andeditorial departments, with reference to space orcharacter of articles inserted.The positions of editors were considered honorary and the election for these positions fromthe Senior and Junior classes always evoked alarge attendance and eager interest. The positions of publishers were looked upon as affordingan opportunity for financial profit to those elected,and the students elected were generally chosenwith a view to their business ability.As I recollect it, the sole financial supportwhich the University gave to the paper was a fullpage advertisement, containing a picture of theUniversity, list of faculty and some statisticalmatter. The students all felt that the paper wastheir enterprise and all were interested in its support and in its success from a literary standpoint.I take the following extract from an editorialUNIVERSITY RECORD 317in the October 1874 number: "To make ourpaper a success, we need and desire the heartycooperation of every member of the University,both professors and students. The first and mostpractical way to show such cooperation and interest is to support the paper. Every studentshould subscribe for it. It is your paper and withyou as much as with the editors and publishersrests the certainty of success or failure. Butfailure we do not fear ; for always in the past bythe combined support of the students and thegood management of the publishers, the Volantehas been a financial success, and we are glad tolearn that nearly all the students have alreadysubscribed. We cannot imagine any goodreason, except absolute financial inability, whyevery student should .not take the Volante. Asfor its success as a literary journal we feel proudof its past record and the very complimentarynotices which the Volante has received from itsexchanges. . . . While we do not desire to encourage fault-finding, yet we shall always considerit our privilege and duty to maintain the causeof right and justice in all matters pertaining tothe students and faculty. We consider that therelations of student and faculty to each othershould be those of a company of gentlemen mettogether for mutual benefit as well as for cultureand improvement. If a college paper has anyreal value aside from furnishing some little discipline to the few men who have anything to dowith preparing it for the press, it is because itpresents college matters from a student's point ofview. To say that the student's views are liableto be extreme is not to show any reason why theyshould not be made known. At any rate, whetherthey are true or false, there can be nothing betterfor the tone and discipline of a college or for themaintenance of a good understanding betweenfaculty and students than their full and frank expression. In conclusion, we would remind thosewho may be tempted to criticise the managementof the Volante, that editing a paper is very muchlike poking a fire — everyone thinks he could do it very much better than the man who has hold ofthe poker."In the June 1875 number, at the close of theyear, the retiring Senior editors commentingon the change to an editorial corps of Seniorsand Juniors say, "The success of the plan ofhaving two classes instead of only one represented in the literary management of the paper,has been fully and satisfactorily demonstrated bya year's trial. Now when prejudice is entirelyremoved and we can contemplate the whole subject soberly and calmly, we unhesitatingly pronounce in favor of the new arrangement, althoughdistasteful to us as members of '75 at first. Itis the common custom in colleges to chooseeditors from at least two classes. Thus the college journal more fully represents the interests,the talent, the sentiment and the spirits of theentire body of students ; thus the aspiration tobecome editors exercises a stimulating influenceupon all the classes of the college and a morevigorous and efficient editorial management issecured. One of the most important advantagessecured by this means is the fact that the Juniorswho have served can be retained as editors for theensuing year and the management of the collegepaper thus attains a stability, character, and permanence that are impossible where all the editorsare changed every year."It would certainly seem that any body of undergraduates as large as that of the University ofChicago must possess more than a sufficientnumber of students well qualified to conduct successfully a college paper, both in the literary andbusiness departments, and by electing publishersfrom the two lower classes and the editors fromthe Juniors and Seniors, a sufficient stimulus in thefinancial profit to the one and the honor to theothers would certainly bring no lack of desirablecandidates to both positions, and it seems to methat this plan obviates almost every annoyance anddifficulty which has seemed to obtrude itself in thehistory of the present publication at the University. Frank A. Helmer, '78.318 UNIVERSITY RECORDALUMNI NOTES.Eugenia Radford, '97, is an examiner in theUniversity of New York.George B. Watson, '99, is a student in theNorthwestern Law School.Paul Mandeville, '99, is General Agent for theSwift Beef Company in London, England.June E. Downey, A.M., '98, is instructor inPsychology at the University of Wyoming.Edward F. Stearns, A.B. '69, A.M. '72, is Principal of the Lake View High School, Chicago.E. S. Johonnott, Jr., Ph.D., 98, is an instructorin Rose Polytechnic Institute, Terre Haute, Ind.Joseph E. Freeman, '98, is a student in theSchool of Law, Columbia University, Washington,D. C.Lolabel House, A.M., '98, is a Fellow in Historyat the University of Pennsylvania for the year'99—1900.Maudie L. Stone, '96 is Director of PhysicalTraining in the Kansas State Normal School atEmporia.Jeanette C. Welch, Ph.D., '97, is Assistant inHistology in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Chicago.Max Batt, '97, and Karl D. Jessen, '96, aredoing graduate work in German at the Universityof Berlin, Germany.Hermann Valentin von Hoist, '93, is foremanin the office of Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge,Architects in Chicago.The Chicago Alumni Club is making arrangements for its annual banquet early in March.Invitations have not yet been sent out.Metta L. Persons, '99, has been teacher ofmethods in the State Normal School at New Paltz,New York, since the first of September.The January number of the American Journalof Theology contains an article by ProfessorCharles R. Henderson, '70, entitled "A HalfCentury after Thomas Chalmers." Frank M. Erickson, A.M., '95, who is Professorof Greek in Ripon College, Ripon, Wisconsinwill spend the spring and summer in Greece.Chase Stewart, '80, of Springfield, Ohio, hasbeen for two years chairman of the Judiciary Committee of the House of Representatives in thatstate.William C. Alden, A.M., '98, is joint authorwith Professor Rol n D. Salisbury of a book entitled, The Geography of Chicago and Its Environs.Emily Fogg, '97, who was a Fellow in PoliticalScience at Bryn Mawr for '97— '99, is a Fellow inSociology at the University of Pennsylvania for'99-1900.Henrietta I. Goodrich, S.M., '98, is director ofthe School of Housekeeping located at 45 St.Botolph street, Boston, Mass. She is also instructor in House Sanitation.Professor Charles R. Henderson, '70, who hasbeen seriously ill for four months and is still confined to his home, is now improving and expectsto leave for Virginia in about two weeks.The Board of Trustees has authorized a changein the time of the June Convocation from July 1to June 19. As far as arrangements have beenmade, Alumni Day will probably be Monday,June 18. The executive committee will soonbegin preparations for the annual reunion.The next meeting of the Chicago AlumnaeClub of the University of Chicago will be held inMiss Anna Morgan's studio, Fine Arts Building,Saturday, February 10, at 2:00 p.m. Mrs. PorterL. MacClintock will read a paper on "The Dreamof Escape in Recent Literature."The officers of the club are Charlotte H. Foye,95, President; Zelma E. Clark, '97, Vice President; Eva B. Graves, '98, Secretary. These threeofficers, together with Alice Winston, '98, andMaude L. Radford, A.B., '94 ; Ph.M. '96, composethe Executive Committee.UNIVERSITY RE CRD 0 319Vladyslaus Jarzembski, '97, now translator underthe U. S. Civil Service in the Military InformationDivision of the Adjutant General's Office atWashington, D. C, has, within the last year,published three poems in the " Zycie," a Polishmagazine of Cracow, Poland. The poems aredevoted to the modernist movement in art andliterature and are entitled, "Promien," "Bozyblask" and " Zrodlo." Mr. Jarzembski is a translator in nine modern languages.According to the publication of the Association of Collegiate Alumnae on Fellowships andGraduate Scholarships offered by colleges anduniversities of the United States and open towomen, the relative position of the University ofChicago in this regard is clearly shown :Fellowships ScholarshipsBryn Mawr College 14 5Barnard College I 7Cornell University 23 17Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2 5Northwestern University 3 1Smith College 1University of Chicago - 60 20University of Michigan - I 1University of Pennsylvania 6 30University of Wisconsin 13 6Vassar College - 1 7Wellesley College 30Yale University 5 20THE FACULTIES.Associate Professor Price delivered his lectureon "New Light on the Old Testament" in theImmanuel Baptist Church on January 12.Dr. Warner Fite addressed the WashingtonUniversity Association of St.. Louis on Tuesday,January 30, his theme being "The Ethics ofPersonality."The Department of Pedagogy has organized thePedagogical Club, ranking with other departmental clubs in the University. Two interestingmeetings have already been held. Assistant Professor Edwin O. Jordan has reprinted from the Journal of Experimental Medicine, Vol. IV, Nos. 5 and 6, 1899, a study of " Bac-cillus Pyocyanus and its 'Pigments."Assistant Professor J. W. A. Young, in collaboration with Mr. C. E. Linebarger, of the Lake IView High School, has in press a new text-bookin calculus, to be called The Elements of Differential and Integral Calculus.The Scribners have just published the classicvolume of Dr. Thomas Chalmers, Christian anaCivic Economy of Large Towns, abridged, withintroduction by Charles Richmond Henderson.A very pleasant meeting was held in the Ecological laboratory in the Botany building on Friday, January 26, from fivQ to six o'clock in theevening. The room was decorated with plantsfrom the conservatory ; the tables were coveredwith interesting photographs, and light refreshments were served to heighten the enjoyment.The students of the Department of Botany werepresent, as also several ladies, wives of membersof the staff, and others. The occasion proved avery helpful one in promoting better acquaintance among those working in common fields.Recent articles by members of the facultiesinclude :"The Pastor Alone with His Bible," by I. M. Price,Standard, January 13." The Pastor in Public with His Bible," by I. M. Price,Standard, January 20."The Church and Social Unity, by Shailer Mathews,American Journal of Sociology, January 1900."The Scope of Sociology (introductory paper), by A. W.Small, American Journal of Sociology, January 1 900." Development of the Social Aim in Education," by I. W.Howerth, Journal of Pedagogy." Brinton's Theory of the Development of Religion," by I.W. Howerth, The Monist." Spelling Reform," by I. W. Howerth, Chicago Tribune,January 21." Some Foreign Notes on Secondary Education," by G. H.Locke, The School Review.320 UNIVERSITY RECORDRecent reviews by members of the facultiesinclude :Beitrdge zur Reformations geschichte der Reichsstadt Worms,Hermann Haupt, by Franklin Johnson.Method in Education, R. Roark, by G. H. Locke.History of Education, Levi Seeley, by G. H. Locke.Moulds, Mildews, and Mushrooms, by Bradley M. Davis.Naturalism and Agnosticism, James Ward, by A. W.Moore.The Exiles'1 Book of Consolation contained in Isaiah XL-XLVI, Koenig, by Ira M. Price.Geology of Jamaica, Hill, by R. D. Salisbury.Les Lacs francais, Delebecque, by R. D. Salisbury.Shore-Line Topography, Gulliver, by R. D. Salisbury.History of the Civil War, James Schouler, by Francis W.Shepardson.Vergleichende Studien zur Stellung der Frau im Altertum,Bd. I, Klugmann, by Shailer Mathews.La Secte des Esseniens, Regeffe, by Shailer Mathews.Die Kirche Jerusalems vom Jahre, 70-13O) Schlatter, byShailer Mathews.Excavations at Jerusalem, Bliss and Dickie, by ShailerMathews.Graminees, Husnot, by C. R. Barnes.Monographien Afrikanischer Pflanzenfamilien, III, Eng-ler, by C. R. Barnes.Contributions a la fore du Conge, Wildeman and Durand,by C. R. Barnes.Morphology and Histology of Plants, Rusby and Jeliffe, byC. R. Barnes.Hepaticae of California, Howe, by C. R. Barnes.OFFICIAL NOTICES.The Award of Fellowships. — The annualaward of Fellowships will be made by the Universityof Chicago April 1. These Fellowships, abouteighty in number, yield amounts varying from onehundred and twenty dollars (or the tuition forthree quarters) to five hundred and twenty dollars.They afford opportunity for graduate study inspecial fields. All applications must be filed onor before March 1. For application blank, addressthe President of the University.The Graduate Scholarship in Mathematics. — The Graduate Scholarship in Mathematicsis awarded annually at the July Convocation to that student admitted to the Ogden GraduateSchool during the preceding year who has beennamed by the Department as the Senior Collegehonor student in Mathematics. In judging ofthe work of each candidate for this Scholarship,the Department considers a) the quantity and thequality of his Senior College work in Mathematics ; b) his promise of success as a graduatestudent of Mathematics ; c) the results of theGraduate Scholarship Examination on the subjects :t) Differential and Integral Calculus.2) Advanced Algebra, including Theory ofEquations.3) Solid Analytic Geometry.4) Advanced Integral Calculus, including Differential Equations.The examination for the next award will be heldMay 25 and 26, 1900.Prospective candidates should confer at an earlydate with the Head of the Department of Mathematics or with the Departmental Examiner.The Senior College Scholarship in Mathematics. — The Senior College Scholarship inMathematics is awarded annually at the July Convocation to that student admitted to the SeniorCollege during the preceding year who did thebest Junior College work in Mathematics. Injudging of the work of each candidate for thisScholarship the Department considers a) the general quality of his Junior College work ; b) thequantity and the quality of his Junior Collegework in Mathematics ; c) the result of his SeniorCollege Scholarship Examination on the subjects :1 ) Plane Trigonometry.2) College Algebra.3) Plane Analytic Geometry.The next examination will be held May 25 and26, 1900. The examination questions of previousyears are on file at the Mathematical library, room37, Ryerson Laboratory.UNIVERSITY RECORD 321Prospective candidates should confer at an earlydate with the Departmental Examiner in Mathematics.Junior College Scholarship in Chemistry.. — A scholarship, covering one year's tuition, isawarded each year to the student who receives thenomination of the Department of Chemistry forexcellence of work in Chemistry during the twoyears of the Junior College course. All who received the Junior College Certificate betweenJuly i, 1899, and April 1, 1900, inclusive, maybecome candidates for the scholarship. It isawarded on the basis : 1 ) of the general standing,2) of the class standing in chemistry of the student, 3) of the result of a special examination tobe held on Saturday, May 19, at 9:00 a.m. Thesubject is General Chemistry.The following communication is received fromMiss S. P. Breckinridge, Secretary of GreenHouse :The members of Green House, having learnedwith sorrow of the death of Miss Belle Harrington, a student at the University and a resident ofGreen Hall during the Autumn Quarter 1899,desire to put upon record an expression of theirappreciation of the loss sustained by the University and by Green House in the sudden and premature close of a life full of promise ; and therefore resolve that a copy of this minute be putupon the records of the House, and that a copybe sent to the family of Miss Harrington.LECTURES BY MR. PATRICK GEDDES.Mr. Patrick Geddes, of Edinburgh, Scotland, isto be the guest of the University next week. Hewill give three lectures in the Chapel, Cobb Hall,at 4:00 p.m. as follows :Tuesday, Feb. 13, "The Real France."Thursday, Feb. 15, "The Paris Exposition of 1900.Friday, Feb. 16, " Interpretation of National Expositions."All members of the University are invited toattend these lectures. LECTURES BY PROFESSOR T. H. MORGAN.Four lectures on "Regeneration and Experimental Embryology" will be given by ProfessorThomas H. Morgan, of Bryn Mawr College, inKent Theater at 9 : 30 a. m., on February 19, 20,21, and 23, 1900. The lectures are open to members of the University. The subjects of the lectures are as follows :I. Introduction: Historical Review. Typical processesof regeneration. Regeneration of lost parts in vertebrates.Regeneration of the head, tail, and other regions of the bodyin invertebrates. Formation of entire animals from fragments of the body, and from fragments of the segmentingegg. Regeneration in the one-celled organisms. Regeneration in the embryo and in the egg. Conclusions.II. The Conditions that Influence Regeneration: Physiological regeneration. Pathological regeneration. Influence of external conditions. Regeneration and liability toinjury. The development of isolated blastomeres. Directinfluence of the environment. Influence of internal conditions. Regeneration in "lower" and in "higher" forms.Experiments in grafting animals. Grafting parts of thesame and of different species.III. Development of the Egg in the Light of Experi?nenialEmbryology : Roux's mosaic theory of development. Experiments and theories of Hertwig, Driesch, Wilson, and others.Origin of differentiation in the embryo and of specificationin the adult. Conclusions.IV. The Relations of Growth, Development, and Regeneration: Bonnet's theory of prseformation. Spencer's comparison of crystal-growth and regeneration. Sach's theoryof specific stuffs. Weismann's theory of prseformation underthe guidance of natural selection. Theory of the specification of the tissues ; its limitations. The factors of regeneration.OFFICIAL REPORTS.During the month of January 1900, therehas been added to the Library of the Universitya total number of 662 volumes, from all sources :Books added by purchase, 440 vols., distributedas follows :General Library, 8 vols.; Philosophy, 19 vols.;Pedagogy, 1 vol.; Political Economy, 9 vols.;Political Science, 16 vols.; History, 54 vols.;Classical Archaeology, 7 vols.; Sociology, 12 vols.;Sociology (Divinity), 5 vols.; Anthropology, 28322 UNIVERSITY RECORDvols.; Comparative Religion, 4 vols.; Semitic, 20vols.; New Testament, 5 vols.; Comparative Philology, 7 vols.; Greek, 7 vols.; Latin, 3 vols.;Latin and Greek, 1 vol.; Romance, 4 vols.;German, 13 vols.; English, 17 vols.; Mathematics,1 3 vols.; Astronomy (Ryerson), 1 vol.; Chemistry,2 vols.; Physics, 10 vols.; Biology, 3 vols.; Zoology,113 vols.; Neurology, 20 vols.; Physiology, 2 vols.;Botany, 2 vols.; Elocution, 4 vols.; Church History, 4 vols.; Systematic Theology, 19 vols.;Homiletics, 2 vols.; Morgan Park Academy, 4vols.; Latin, New Testament and Church History,1 vol.Books added by gift, 165 vols., distributed asfollows : General Library, 134 vols.; Pedagogy, 3 vols.;Political Economy, 3 vols.; Sociology, 2 vols.-Semitic, 1 vol.; Comparative Philology, 1 vol.-Latin, 1 vol.; German, 1 vol.; English, 3 vols,-Chemistry, 3 vols.; Physics, 2 vols.; Geology, 8vols.; Neurology, 3 vols.Books added by exchange for University publications, 57 vols., distributed as follows:General Library, 21 vols.; Pedagogy, 1 vol.;Political Economy, 12 vols.; Political Science,1 vol.; Comparative Religion, 1 vol.; New Testament, 2 vols.; Botany, 9 vols.; Church History,5 vols.; Systematic Theology, 1 vol., Homiletics,1 vol.; Haskell 3 vols.UNIVERSITY RECORD 323THE CALENDAR.FEBRUARY 9-17, 1900.Friday. February 9.Chapel-Assembly : The Divinity School. Chapel,Cobb Lecture Hall, 10:30 a.m.Physics Club meets in Room 32, Ryerson Physical Laboratory, at 4: 00 p.m.H. G. Gale will read "On Some New Applications ofInterference Methods ; " A. T. Jones : " On HighestAudible and Inaudible Tones."Graduate Club holds its annual reception atNancy Foster Hall at 8:00 p.m.Invitations have been issued to the members of theFaculty giving graduate work and to friends of themembers of the club.Saturday, February 10.Meetings of University Ruling Bodies in HaskellOriental Museum :The Administrative Board of University Affiliations, 8 : 30 a.m.The Faculty of the Senior Colleges, 10:00A.M.Sunday, February 11.Vesper Service will be held in Kent Theaterat 4:00 p.m.Dean Tufts will speak on "James Martineau."Monday, February 12.Lincoln's Birthday — A Holiday. All University exercises will be suspended.Tuesday, February 18.Chapel-Assembly : The Senior Colleges. Chapel,Cobb Lecture Hall, 10:30 a.m. Botanical Club meets in Room 23, BotanyBuilding, at 5:00 p.m.Mr. W. B. McCallum will review a paper by Krasanon "Variation in Potentilla ; " Mr. J. B. Overton willreview Guignard's work on "The Reduction ofChromatin in Naias Major."Wednesday, February 14.Zoological Club meets in Room 24, ZoologicalLaboratory, at 4:00 p.m.Mr. W. J. Moenkhaus will read on " Some CriticalStages in Hybrid Development ; Miss Mary Hefferanwill read on " A Review of Rand's Experiments onHydra."Thursday, February 15.Chapel- Assembly: The Graduate Schools. Chapel,Cobb Lecture Hall, 10:30 a.m.Friday, February 16.Chapel-Assembly : The Divinity School. Chapel,Cobb Lecture Hall, 10: 30 a.m.Saturday, February 17.Meetings of University Ruling Bodies in HaskellOriental Museum :The Administrative Board of the UniversityPress, 8: 30 a.m.The Administrative Board of Student Organizations, Publications, and Exhibitions, 10: 00 A.M.The Faculty of the Ogden (Graduate)School, 10:00 a.m.The Faculty of the Divinity School at11: 30 a.m.Material for the CALENDAB must be sent to the Office of Information by THUESDAY, 8:30 A.M.in order to be published in the issue of the same week.The School and SocietySECOND EDITION **The educational situation has nowhere been soclearly stated nor so graphically illustrated as in theodd hundred pages of Professor John Dewey'snew book. The problem of elementary educationis one that forces itself not only on teachers andschool boards, but is felt with continuously growinganxiety by the parents. In this book it has beenProfessor Dewey's good fortune to have steppedout of the field of theoretical pedagogy and to standupon the successful results of three years' experimentation in the Elementary School of the University of Chicago. This school, instituted as alaboratory of the Pedagogical Department, has beenthe subject of innumerable inquiries, and many unintelligent criticisms. The ideas behind it and themethods of applying them are presented here in astyle neither abstruse nqr technical.^NOW READY,**i2mo, cloth, gilt top, 75c.Sent postpaid on receipt of price by the publishersThe University of Chicago PressChicago, Illinois COflFORTSECURED BY USING THEiriPROVEDWASHBURNEPATENTFASTENERSAPPLIED TOBachelors' ButtonsPencil Holders\ Eyeglass HoldersSample of any of theI above sent postpaid for10 cents.rHose SupportersCuff HoldersDrawers SupportersPair of any of these for20 cents postpaid.Key ChainsSample sent for 25 cents.These little articles are simple,with nothing about them tobreak or get out of order.Hold with bulldog tenacity, but don't tear the fabric.Their utility makes them an absolute necessity. Free —Handsomely Illustrated Booklet sent on request.Box 59 ^ AMERICAN RING CO., „,«* - Waterbury, Ct. 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