Gbe Ittniversits of CbicagoPrice $J*00 founded by john d. rockefeller Single CopiesPer Year 5 CentsUniversity RecordPUBLISHED BY AUTHORITYCHICAGOZbe Tlinitfetsitig of Gblcaao pressVOL. IV, NO. 24. PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY AT 3:00 P.M. SEPTEMBER 15, 1899.Entered in the post office Chicago, Illinois, as second-class matter.CONTENTS.I. Official Notices - - - 129-130II. New Courses in Pedagogy, Autumn Quarter 1899 130III. Changes in Announcements of Courses, AutumnQuarter 1899 130IV. The University Elementary School - - - 130-132V. The Calendar - 132Official Notices.QUARTERLY EXAMINATIONS.The Examinations at the close of the Summer Quarter will be held on Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday,September 20, 21, and 22. Examinations for morningclasses will be held on three successive mornings;for afternoon classes on three successive afternoons,as follows :Thurs. 1 21, 8Pri. < 22, 8Wedn. 4 20, 2Thurs. 4 21, 2Pri. " 22, 2ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS.The Autumn Examinations for admission to theJunior Colleges will be held in Cobb Hall, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, and Saturday, September 13,14, 15, and 16. The Dean of Affiliations will furnishparticular information on application. Reports for the Summer Quarter. — All instructors are requested to observe that all reports forcourses given during the Summer Quarter are due atthe Recorder's Office (or the Faculty Exchange) notlater than 12 : 00 m., Monday, September 25. It is of theutmost importance that every course be recordedfully and promptly. Blanks will be furnished throughthe Faculty Exchange not later than Tuesday, September 19. The University Recorder.The Final Examination of Lee Byrne for the degree of A.M. will be held on Friday, September 15, at3: 00 p.m., in Cobb Hall, Room 2 B. Principal subject,Latin ; secondary subject, Greek. Thesis : " A Comparison of the Medea of Euripides and Seneca." Committee : Professor Abbott, Associate Professor Castle,Assistant Professor Tolman, and all other members ofthe departments immediately concerned.The Final Examination of Otto Heller for thedegree of Ph.D. will be held on Friday, September 15,at 3:00 p.m., in Room 13 D, Cobb Hall. Principal subject, German; secondary subject, English. Thesis :" Die Alias werussage in der Litteratur." Committee:Dr. von Klenze, Professor Manly, Associate ProfessorR. F. Harper, and all other instructors in the departments immediately concerned.The Final Examination of Warren Coleman Hawthorne for the degree of M.S. will be held Friday,September 15, at 3: 00 p.m., in Room 20, Kent ChemicalLaboratory. Principal subject, Chemistry. Thesis :130 UNIVERSITY RECORD" Hydrogen Peroxide, Ozone and Processes of Oxidation." Committee: Prof essor Nef , Dr. Millikan, and allother instructors in the departments immediatelyconcerned.The Final Examination of George Lincoln Brownfor the degree of Ph.D. will be held Friday, Sept. 15,at 3: 00 p.m., in Ryerson Physical Laboratory, Room 36.Principal subject, Mathematics; secondary subject,Astronomy. Thesis : " A Ternary Linear SubstitutionGroup of Order 3.360." Committee : Professor Bolza,Dr. Laves, Associate Professor S. W. Stratton, audall other instructors in the departments immediatelyconcerned.The Final Examination of Floris Winton Kings-ley for the degree of B.D. will be held on Monday,September 18, at 2:00 p.m., in Room 36, HaskellMuseum. Principal subject, Church History; secondary subject, Homiletics. Thesis : " Machiavelii."Committee : Professors Huibert, Johnson, Moncrief,Anderson, Henderson, and all other instructors in thedepartments immediately concerned. 25. The Organization and Administration of PublicSchools.— Courses of study, Supervision andTeaching. Primary and Grammar Grades.This course is intended for those studentswho may be desirous of becoming familiar withthe organization and management of schoolsand school systems, not only through comparative study, but also by direct observation. Thesystems of typical cities of the United Stateswill be thoroughly studied, especially the relationship of the course of study to the social demands of the particular municipality and themethods of teaching the elementary subjects.The details of school management such as themanagement of classes, grading and promotion,examinations and discipline, will be discussed, aswell as the duties of, superintendents, principalsand teachers to each other, to the pupils, and tothe municipality. The Elementary School inconnection with the University will be used tohelp in the constructive part of this course.9:30 (Locke) M SO.The Final Examination of Edith Rickert for thedegree of Ph.D. will be held Wednesday, September 20, at 3:00 p.m., in Room 3 D, Cobb Hall. Principal subject, English ; secondary subject, Romance.Thesis : " Emare, A Middle English Romance, editedwith philological and literary introduction, notes, andglossary." Committee: Professor Manly, AssistantProfessors Howland and Schmidt-Wartenberg, and allother members of the departments immediately concerned.New Courses in Pedagogy.AUTUMN QUARTER 1899.1. The History of Educational Theories and Practices.The object of this course is to make the student acquainted with the educational aims andpractices of the past and with the most important educational classics, and thus enable himto obtain a foundation for the criticism of present thories and practices in the light of theirhistorical evolution. Thus while the coursewill have all the larger advantages of a culturecourse it will at the same time give many practical suggestions to those who are entering onor are engaged in educational duties.Essays are required and a course of reading isprescribed.2:00 {Locke) % 33. Changes in Announcements of Courses.AUTUMN QUARTER 1899.XIII. ROMANCE.1. Elementary French, Sec. c, 11:00, C 17 c, willbe given by Mr. Carnahan.3. Elementary French will be given in two sections:Sec. a, 9:30 (Carnahan) Guc; Sec. 6, 11:00 {How-land) C 15 B.7. French Prose Composition is withdrawn.The University Elementary School.group IX.[Continuation of work reported in the University Recoed,December 23, 1898, March 3 and March 12, 1899. Average age ofchildren, twelve years.]The work in history has been practically the sameas that reported for Group VIII, except that morereading has been done and the governmental sidemore emphasized.The work in science has been connected withphysiological botany. A study of soils was made first.The children examined clay, sand, and humus, andmade experiments to find out the amount of waterabsorbed by each. Then they went into the fields toverify the results of their laboratory experiments.Various kinds of soil were identified, but it was seenUNIVERSITY RECORD 131that the types are rarely met with, and that most soilsconsist of a mixture of clay, sand, and vegetablematter in varying proportions. Observations weremade on the characteristic plants of each kind of soil.We next tried experiments to find out whether cotyledons are of any use to the young plant. Some peas,which had been germinating for a few days, wereselected for this experiment. The cotyledons werecarefully removed from some while others were leftintact. Several specimens of each kind were arrangedso that their roots projected through a perforatedcork and dipped into a bottle containing water. Aftera few days it was seen that the specimens withoutcotyledons had grown very little, while those whichwere left intact had grown very much— both root andshoot. The conclusion was drawn that the cotyledonswere in some way helpful in growth. A similar experiment was tried with acorns, which were plantedin the yard, and the same result noted.It was observed on some older plants — beans, peas,etc. — that the cotyledons were shriveled and almostgone, and it was thought that their substance hadbeen used up. The question was then asked whatthis substance was? To find this out, some cotyledons were ground up and softened in boiling water.The addition of solution of iodine produced a bluecolor. Wheat, corn, and rice were treated similarly,and the same result observed. The children knewthat these latter contained starch, and concluded thatthe pea cotyledons must contain the same substance.They tested acorns and found that they also containedstarch.From the experiments and observations made thechildren concluded that the function of the cotyledonswas to provide a store of food for the young seedlings.The question was then raised, How do older plantssupport themselves ? Soil and atmosphere alonecome in contact with the plant, so it was decided thesemust contain the food supply. The children knewsome of the chemical constituents of soil and weretold others. They saw that plants could get from thesoil only substances which it contains, and of theseonly such as are soluble, since all must pass into theplant through cell walls. The question was askedwhether plants actually take in all available substances, and if not, how it could be determined whichone is taken in. A chemical analysis of the plant wassuggested, but as this was not practicable, they weretold the chief ash constituents of plants, and whichones have been found by experiment to be essential. Asolution containing these essential substances wasprepared and some seedlings placed in it. Controlspecimens in distilled water were placed beside them, under similar conditions of light, heat, etc. After aninterval of a few days the plants in the solution showeddecidedly more growth of both root and shoot.The materials derived from the air were next considered. The children knew the constituent elementsof the atmosphere, and, in a general way, that plantsuse carbon dioxide and oxygen. On account of theclose of the term it was not practicable to begin experiments to demonstrate photosynthesis and respiration, and the children were therefore told thedistinction between the processes of food manufactureand food consumption.The group has worked on taxes in the time devotedto number work, taking up definite problems connectedwith the tax bills of persons mentioned in their historystudy, the school property tax bill, and other problems.In connection with their science they wanted to express in percentage the amount of water absorbed bya certain quantity of sand. After this definite problemhad been worked out the general subject of decimalfractions was taken up and these were shown how theycould be used to advantage.The arrangement of leaves on the stem of a plantwas found to be due to a need for light. So in numberwork they found how to determine the angle of incidence and reflection of light, and how to construct anangle equal to a given angle. They were also shownhow to bisect an angle geometrically.In cooking in addition to the review work and classification mentioned in connection with the work ofGroups VII and VIII, a study of the composition ofmilk has been made. They first observed the milk, and,second, decided that it contained a large quantity ofwater and that the cream was lighter and rose to the.top. They tasted it, and detected the presence of sugar.They boiled some, and found that a scum appeared onthe surface. This scum was examined and comparedwith the albumen of egg. They found that bothhardened with heat. They next examined some sourmilk and found a large quantity of curd, separatedfrom the liquid. They detected the presence of acidby tasting. A little vinegar was added to fresh milk,and a similar curding noted. They therefore concluded that the milk contained a substance which became solid when treated with acid. They were giventhe name "proteid" for these substances, and weretold that each proteid has a special name according toits composition. Those with which 'the children werefamiliar were classified as 1) proteids made solid withheat, for which they were given the name "albumen,"and 2) proteids made solid with acids, for which thename " casein " was given.The children asked how milk could be thickened, as132 UNIVERSITY RECORDin custard. Some one suggested that if we had al-bumen enough, blended all through the milk, it wouldthicken. So a recipe for custard was made by taking *two thirds of a cup of milk and thickening it withegg. Sugar and flavoring were added. From theirknowledge of food materials, the method of mixingand cooking was given by the children. A doubleboiler was used to regulate the temperature.In their next lesson the use of rennet in cfurdingmilk was tried, and cheese made.In Latin part of the time has been devoted to reading from Caesar's Gallic Wars, and part to translatingat hearing or at sight simple stories. In their grammar work they have made a chart of the four conjugations of verbs, comparing the thematic vowels,tense signs, and personal endings.In French a study of the passive voice has [formedthe advance grammar work, with a review of the verbsin the active voice and the various idioms that havebeen noted in their reading lessons and conversation.Le Mtdecin malgrt lui by Moliere was modified forthem, learned, and acted out at the closing exercisesof the school.Art work has consisted of out-of-door sketching, asreported for the younger groups. One afternoon wasspent at the Art Institute under the charge of the artteacher. The color exhibit was first visited, and thechildren were allowed to express their preference forpictures, in order that the teacher might judge oftheir tastes. In most cases their selections were good.They were taken to the basement where they saw students at work modeling the head and bust from life,in clay.. They had been inclined to look down uponclay modeling at the school as " baby " work, but thesight of adult pupils seriously at work gave them anew impression of this branch of study.In the shop a good deal of time has been spent incarving the designs on the woodwork of the musicbench. Children who have had some particular articlethey desired to make have been permitted to do so.One or two have been ambitious to make an entire setof desk furniture consisting of blotter, pen holder,inkstand and carved stamp box.In music a Fourth of July song has been composed. Calendar.september 15-22, 1899.Friday, September 15.Chapel-Assembly : Divinity School. — Chapel, CobbHall, 10:30 a.m.Senior College Finals, in Public Speaking, for theUniversity Prize. 8:00 p.m., Kent Theater.Debate: Resolved, "That Municipal Ownership andOperation of Street Railways is Preferable to Ownership and Operation by Private Corporations." Affirmative : Messrs. Leon Block, Lawrence R. Cartwright,and Benjamin Samuels. Negative: Miss Minnie M.Paisley, Messrs. John J. Clarkson and Lee J. Frank.Senior College Reception, the President's House, 9:00-11:00 p.m.Saturday, September 16.Meetings of Faculties and Boards :The Faculty of the Junior Colleges, 10:00 a.m.The Faculty of the Senior Colleges, 10:30 a.m.Sunday, September 17.The Baccalaureate Prayer Service will be held in theAssembly Room, Haskell Museum, 3:30 p.m.The Baccalaureate Vesper Service will be held in KentTheater, 4:00 p.m.The Baccalaureate Address will be given by the Rev. Professor Charles Richmond Henderson, Chaplain of theUniversity.Monday, September 18.Chapel -Assembly : Junior Colleges. — Chapel, CobbHall, 10:30 a.m. (required of Junior College Students).Tuesday, September 19.Chapel-Assembly: Senior Colleges. Chapel, Cobb Hall,10:30 a.m. (required of Senior College Students).Wednesday, September 20.Quarterly Examinations of the Summer Quarter.Thursday, September 21.Quarterly Examinations of the Summer Quarter.Special Meetings of Faculties for Recommendation ofCandidates for Degrees will be held in the FacultyRoom, Haskell Museum, 4:00 p.m.Friday, September 22.Quarterly Examinations of the Summer Quarter.Second Term of the Summer Quarter ends.Material for the CALENDAR must be sent to the Office of Information by THUESDAY, 8:30 A.M.,in order to be published in the issue of the same week.